I was asked why I was publishing videos here in YouTube and not in your traditional way, in academic papers. Should you publish in academic papers or should you publish your research in an alternative media, like in YouTube? These and other questions will be addressed in this video. Hi, my name is Gonzalo Raineri. I'm a designer, architect and PhD candidate and this channel is also about design, sustainability and other treats. Finishing my PhD in design was taking me to a dead-end road. Something had to change and it certainly was changing, but was it worth the sacrifice? What comes next? What is going to happen to all my research results? The answer to the first question is definitely yes. Doing a doctorate in design took my knowledge of the discipline to a conscious level. It was like opening my eyes for the first time into the world of design. It made me remember my first years of design school, the same but in steroids. Questions started popping into my head and the need to respond them made me to research and read. Read and read even more. And the answers usually surprised me. This comes from the fact that as I searched for answers I was confronted with different authors, different opinions and this made my conclusions unique. And they should be unique otherwise I wouldn't have dug on deep enough. The purpose of a PhD is to learn how to do research, academic scientific research and at the same time to expand the discipline you're working on. But since I'm close to finish it, doubts flourish. Besides the satisfaction of receiving another diploma, what comes next? A post-doctorate position? Maybe. But what happens with the four years of research with all the knowledge I've gained and created? A thesis is a 300-page document. So who's gonna read it? Designers and not great readers. They're trained in a more visual way. If you follow the traditional route during your PhD you will publish the progress of your project in academic journals, magazines or submit them to seminars and conferences. I've done all this. And this will continue after you have obtained your PhD because you want to reach as many colleagues as possible or because the institution where you work demands you to do so. We all know the university ranking scheme. The grants and research funds involved in all this. Did you know that there are 400 million of academic papers and other scholarly literature? This according to Google Scholar, 400 million. The most-seeded paper of 2019 was a paper by Facebook head of artificial intelligence research, Yan Lekun. It was seated over 16,000 times. How many times was your paper seated? But what happens with the rest of the papers? A depressive surge from institutions in order for your papers to be seated? Reported in a controversial article in Science in 1990 suggested that more than half of the academic articles remain unseated five years after their publication. So in a few words, your efforts or mainly half of the research in the world has no or little impact. Why even bother? Simple. Your research is going to make design advance. We are confronting every day more and more complex situations. The question isn't if you should quit research or not. What should you do with your research? I'm totally convinced and believe in all the scientific ecosystem. I believe in the blind revisions, peer review and strict criteria imposed to assure that the quality of public research is at the scientific level. On the other hand, fraud is everywhere and this system with all of its control can prevent it. It's not flawless. There have been hundreds of fake articles published. Either way, it's still the best system we have. The problem here is the low impact that publishing in scientific journals have. If your aim is academia, they are okay. But if your aim is to make a real impact on society, maybe there are other ways for doing so. Carl Sagan was a renowned scientist who in the 70s until the mid 90s created a TV show called Cosmos. Surely we all remember it. The impact of it was that far beyond any other scientific paper ever published. It encouraged new generations to follow a path in science to devote their life to human knowledge. Well, he and the team he worked with figured out that to have a real impact they needed to go mainstream. Buck it up in science and translate it into an understandable language for the masses. And TV was the answer. Designers, as I stated at the beginning, are educated in a visual paradigm. Back in my early days, we were more comfortable reading magazines. Today, students connect to content. They connect to knowledge. And YouTube is the new TV. New generations don't watch TV and they certainly read less. Yes, we have Netflix, but that's unreachable for us at the moment. If you want your research to have an impact, you must find ways to make your content available. Yes, you must follow all the traditional steps for a serious research. Send it to Academic Journal for publishing. Do what is needed to validate your work. But make sure it has an impact. Make sure that it reaches to whom it's supposed to be useful. And live in Chile, way out of the Design Research Olympic. Fortunately, the university work has become part of Cumulus. This will open new frontiers for the work we are developing. Also, my research is in Spanish and with a truly local perspective. I believe that every corner of the planet has something to say. It took me a long time to define what to do with my research. How could I impact as much young designers as possible? Not only my colleagues, but academic papers. The greater the audience, the greater the impact. My research is about design and sustainability. And if I can impact on the way young designers design, that means less contamination in the future. And that's what it really matters, doesn't it? In my case, that is why I decided to go both ways. The academic traditional way and YouTube. I also decided to release the content in English. Also for the same reason, the universe of possible viewers is bigger. One of the objectives when I started my PhD was to create new models for a more sustainable way of doing design. The objectives when making this YouTube channel are still the same. Create sustainable opportunities for human kind. Please, don't forget to like and subscribe so you don't miss my next video. It's called Design is a Political Act Always. Ciao!


Okay, I think we're ready to get started So we're here to talk about Interoperable networking in open stack via def core my name is mark velker on the other side car detective VMware And I'm also a member of the def core committee. Hello. Okay. I am Kyle Mestri. I'm a distinguished engineer at IBM And I'm on the open stack technical committee. Hey, and I'm Russell Bryan I'm a senior principal engineer at Red Hat and I'm on the open stack technical committee and also the open stack Foundation board of directors So a little bit about what we're gonna talk about today For those of you that are new to def core It's a fairly new thing for most people in the community just to be kind of became probably most people's minds around the Vancouver summit So we'll do a little explanation of what def core is about just kind of level set for the rest of the conversation today And then we'll talk about what interoperable networking means and in terms of def core and in terms of capabilities of the stack exposes We'll talk a little bit about some history about how we got to where we are today and why we're in the mess that we're in and how We're trying to straighten it out We'll go through the Nova net and neutron conundrum and then we'll talk about what has actually been proposed to the board of directors And that will be voted on in in three months And then talk about how you can engage in that conversation And supply your own feedback about the the proposed capabilities Before everyone starts I was just curious is everyone a herd of def core or does everyone knows what it is Okay, or a little bit at least I mean I was just Everybody know what networking is it was winger actually but close Okay, so a quick level set on def core. We'll try to keep this short There's a lot of nuance here the dog gloss over but if you want to pick my brain find me in the hole And we'll we'll talk right off The def core committee essentially is a body that's created by the stock foundation's board of directors It's essential goal is to create what we call guidelines a guideline is basically a document That states the products that want to use the open stack name or the one use the open stack powered logo Have to expose certain capabilities to their end users So basically the guideline consists of a list of those capabilities The tests that you must pass in order to prove that you expose those capabilities and then also a list of designated sections and designated sections just basically say that if you're exposing a capability You should be using open stack code to do it and the essential thing there is just that you can't go Right open stack in Java and call it open stack because that's not what we are at the end of the day products that want to Use either open stack in their product name or that want to get that logo at the bottom of the slide there from the foundation Have to adhere to this sort of the The sort of end user case for this is that all those capabilities can be counted on if you're using any product that bears that logo So if I want to run a workload on multiple clouds or multiple cloud products as long as it has that logo I know there are certain capabilities that I can depend on being there and exposed to me So obviously that brings up the question of how do we pick what capabilities go into those guidelines though? We require vendors to expose whether a public cloud or a distribution or a managed service Defcore has 12 criteria for selecting those capabilities and this is kind of what that looks like. They're kind of lumped into four four categories It's if you look at Kind of what's on the slide here. You can see that these are mostly trailing indicators of acceptance So for example, we don't include something in Defcore guidelines until it's widely deployed So it's not like, you know, the minute a new feature comes out It goes into Defcore because it actually has to be accepted by the end user community before it goes in there Some of the more esoteric features that projects expose that a lot of people don't use are also probably not good candidates for Defcore for that very reason I won't belabor this because we could probably talk for half an hour on just these 12 criteria But I did want to at least give folks kind of an idea of what this looks like from a Defcore perspective And again, there's there's a whole Wiki page that you can go through that kind of explains each one of these a lot more detail and the links are at the end of the slide We'll put those up on slide chair for you to grab later So a couple of couple of important points first of all Defcore only covers capabilities They're actually exposed to end users So there's a lot of things that open stack that are considered admin only APIs for example Or there are things that happen kind of on the back end that the user never sees So for example, you wouldn't see Defcore making requirements around say RPC messages because end users never see those for the same reason when we get to Provider networks in neutron. Those are generally an admin only thing So if a user can't actually use a capability, it doesn't go into the Defcore guidelines. This is really about end users kind at the end of the day If I'm if I have a tenant account in a cloud I should be able to run all the tests that are required for Defcore and that's all I should need Having more than one way to do something is actually okay Like the classic use case we see for this is when a project has more than one version of an API So maybe if I want to upload images into a cloud, I could use you the Glance v1 or the v2 API That's that's actually okay from Defcore perspective. What we care about is that they meet those 12 criteria And that they're they're actually exposed to end users And the the sort of line there is it's okay to offer users choice We just want the the choices that they have to be dependable We mentioned that Defcore is already a trailing indicator Kind of one of the big things to understand there is that every guideline that Defcore produces covers three open stack releases The most recent three open stack releases So that means that a capability won't go into the Defcore guidelines until it's actually been present in three open stack releases That gives a time to mature and and meet all those other criteria as well Also, when we add new capabilities to the guidelines over time There's actually kind of a waiting period. So we have to put them into advisory status for six months And then the next guideline they can actually be required The purpose of that is basically to give vendors a heads up that something is coming And it's going to be required in the future and give them time to make adjustments to their products if they need to So if I'm a public cloud, you know, I may have to change configs or or get ready to expose new things to user That could sometimes mean pretty involved work on the back end I may have to you know deal with storage issues or I have to deal with network redesign issues those kinds of things So the purpose of the six-month period there is to give all the vendors a heads up and also give users a chance to chime in as well So in terms of interoperable networking realistically for most people today what we Probably have to have to have interoperable networking is basic L2 L3 And external connectivity so those are really the things that we kind of focused in on for this first round Defcore this is the first time that we're actually gonna have any requirements around networking in Defcore So, you know baby steps, right? We can get to more advanced stuff later, but this is where we have to start And just mention again, we care how these are exposed to end users We don't really care how they're implemented on the back end So we really don't care if you know you're building networks with VX LAN or VLANs or whatever else That's an implementation detail that should be completely hidden from the user We basically care that that API call works and returns a thing that users can use The problem is that there's lots of different ways to provide connectivity in open site today There's provider networks, but that's an admin only construct You can directly attach instances to an externally routable network Users don't necessarily have a way to find out that that is an externally routable network unless each vendor tells them so So if I'm writing a workload that's signed around multiple clouds that can be kind of challenging There's floating IPs Which is kind of a matter of debate even in the greater industry outside of open stack Amazon has kind of been getting away from that model and DigitalOcean actually just recently announced that they're adopting floating IPs So there's there's kind of a lot of debate in the industry at large not just within open stack And then we also have a new API proposal in Neutron, which Kyle talked about in just a minute One more thing to kind of levels out the conversation here when we talk about networking Remember, we're kind of starting at baby steps, right? And we're also looking at stuff that is very widely deployed in open-sat clouds today So we're not including IPv6 in the discussion today just because Although we can all see that IPv6 is an important thing that we should be paying attention to it's just not widely deployed in a lot of Open-sat installations today. So that's kind of on the sidelines for the time being and again That doesn't mean that clouds can't offer IPv6 It just means that they have to offer IPv4 as well We're also focused on L2 and L3 here, so we're not going to get into the L4 through L7 services All right, so let's talk about a little bit of background some history So there was a time where Neutron wasn't a thing or a quantum or any such Alternative to Nova Network and so, you know when open stack started we had Nova Network and it was simple And in quite limited, but it just worked which was which was fantastic And it was not at least intentionally plug all and it's just software So it turns out you could go put your own code in there if you want to but that really wasn't the goal It was you know here and we're just a very basic straightforward way to provide network into your cloud and You know that was that was the way we did things. So if you jump the next slide here, you know, what's a Nova Network did it had You could do flat networks Optionally with open stack providing DHCP on the on that network Or you can do really really basic tenant isolation using B lands and the tenants didn't have any control over that But we could do some some super basic tenant isolation. There's no no support for overlapping. I address support That's a big thing in Neutron, you know every tenant may want to create create networks using the same Private IP address space, but you couldn't do that in Nova And there's no, you know, no no support for integration with your physical fabric That's you know some and and well many other things that Neutron can do That just Nova didn't do it was just Just just just really simple and it used IP tables for security groups Which is pretty common in the Neutron case and it had both a central and a multi-host mode for providing external connectivity But that was it there was there wasn't there's no sort of a concept of SDN controllers no integration with any sort of you know In these newer alternatives So if we think about Nova Network from an interop perspective It was actually really good from an interop perspective Which is part of what makes this whole thing difficult because like, you know Through the development of open stack We sort of have to balance this innovation angle with the fact that we actually want to at some point provide some sort of reasonably standardized thing that you that you that you get everywhere you go and you use open stack So we kind of we have this this balance, but So, you know in the Nova Network days you had, you know, very little options Which was great for interop, but but the reality is people actually want more choice The industry is coming up with new and better ways to to do networking to do virtual networking and you know, we want to make that possible with open stack and So the reality is that the neutrons the way forward and so now we need to sort of take that innovation But still figure out how to provide Something that that is standardized and and can can be included in and the rules we use for interoperability Okay, so so now we can talk a little bit about neutron now that we have the background of Nova Network somewhere right as Well, and I think I think one of the one of the biggest things that That neutron provides is the ability for tenants to create and connect their networks and subnets which which is so this is like Mark was saying this becomes a user-facing API So this this is something that the def core now wants to get involved with so we can kind of figure out a way of What of all of these different API's we want to we want to put under the purveyance of def core I think a little bit but but you know the problem is drivers can implement this in many different ways on the back end Maybe not so much a problem as long as the user-facing API is there and the semantics of the API are honored By all the different drivers. I think so that's pretty good One of the really big things that that the team kind of focused on over the kilo on Liberty cycles and really a lot of it was not in Liberty was documentation around this Because it turns out that with regards to Nova Network There was a large swath of people that really liked the flat mode of Nova Network And we're not aware that you could you could do that with neutron as well And so that's one of the things that we ended up documenting was Was that particular mode in particular? So so now people who were using that and maybe wanted to deploy a new cloud and wanted the same behavior of their flat Network could do it with provider networks on neutron as well So that was that was actually really really huge thing And it was odd that there was like a communication gap I think there for a long while that we finally solved at the Vancouver Summit and yeah There's just this this big assumption that just because neutron could do these more advanced and more You know it more advanced things that were exposed to users that that was the way you use neutron When it turned out you can actually scale it back and do something just like just like Nova Network Exactly. Yeah, now it's now it's well documented and we've seemed to be clearing up some that misconception. It was really huge Actually, yeah, so then beyond that though Neutron does provide you a pretty rich API to to build things like networks Subnets and ports and you can as a user using the API you can construct some pretty Complex topologies using that and build different things and that's great There's a lot of people that really like that that use that to build these topologies allow their Users of their cloud products to do that. There's another group of people that that still Really want something really simple. So for example, if you if you want to boot a VM and maybe get connectivity For that VM both inside and outside There's a lot of things with neutron you have to kind of do to get that up and running You know, you have to create networks subnets. You have to boot the VM. You might need a floating IP things like this So one of the things that that we that we looked at during Liberty Was this what's been termed get me a network and it really is just as simple as Look, you know, I just want a network. I just want a network for my mission I just want the VM to come up I wanted to have a connectivity and just get me a network and so we we iterated on this a bit during Liberty We never I mean we merged the spec the work You know, we I think there was a version of the patch towards the end that came out But it was more of a proof-of-concept type of thing So so that that that really is something that we're looking at for mataka now And I think the team is really prioritizing that to get that done Our own infrastructure team I know really wants that the open stack in for a team for example because one of the info clouds They're building they just want to be able to put VMs right on public networks without using floating IPs And so this would allow them to do that in a nice user-supported way So so that's what we're going to do and this kind of leads into the next thing Which is this discussion of the technical trade-offs of floating IPs You know, what is a floating IP or a FIP as it's kind of knowing around I really love the FIP terminology better personally But so what is the floating IP? So it's an IP that's assigned on an external neutron network And and you can actually use NAT to get to it So what that typically means is if a tenant as you create if you create a network Typically your those will be like some sort of private address space that that network will get from that from the subnet That's associated with that network So you can get outside because we do you know NAT to get out But if you want to get back into that VM say you want to get traffic into the VM You can assign the floating IP address to that as well. And so the reality with floating IPs is They are great for some workloads. A lot of people do like them I think like Mark said digital ocean is now Going to support them at the same time as maybe other providers are not going to so there's really no There's no consensus around yes, you absolutely have to have them for your cloud or you don't I think So I think that this kind of leads us into the fact that there are lots of different ways to do networking If you sit in on any of the neutron design summit sessions You might notice that there are lots of different ways lots of vendors different ways of providing connectivity I think so there really is a demand kind of for this get me a network spec though I think so so we're gonna figure that out But I think like the slide says even when we get that in it's gonna be a long time before we could kind of mandate it in Defcore right and and mark kind of went over why that is so yeah It goes back to the point that you know We have to have something the capability asked to be exposed in the most three recent releases of open stack before we can Actually put it in the standard and even once it is has been present for three releases It still has to meet all the other criteria So people actually have to have adopted it and used it in the wild Before we can actually stick it in there so it could be a while before something like this actually makes its way into the Defcore guidelines, right so that's so even if we get it in it's you know Realistically gonna be the the P release before assuming it's actually deployed in everything so and then the floating IP conundrum as well I think an early version of one of these patches for Defcore had floating IPs in it and very harmlessly was put in there and a Bunch of people liked it and then the negative one fairies came out and just you know destroyed it I think you know that was it because there was a there was like people didn't like the floating IPs eventually I think so the so the reality is is I Don't well. I don't want to spoil anything from your future slides, but yeah Yeah, the future of floating IPs. We'll talk about that soon sure All right, so speaking of what's currently proposed. This is where you can find that thing So the link at the top of the page there is a link to the spec that was just presented to the board of directors on Monday of this week And that it's proposed spec so we have now come out to the community said all right We've done our scoring. This is what we think needs to go in there Community please come comment and there's three months before the board will actually vote to approve it So it's basically there's three months for you the community to chime in and and you know put in your your two cents into the bucket And I'll have a link in a minute to review where you can actually go do that Basically it includes four buckets of capability of capabilities is advisory. Remember that we have to have the advisory period before it Actually comes required So there's basically L2 operations. This is stuff like creating networks reading that listing networks updating networks deleting networks Same thing for L3 We also include routers in that which allow tenants to create routers and you know connect isolated L2 networks We also have security groups and floating IPs But let's talk a little bit more about floating IPs and in a minute or two here L2 L3 and security groups the early feedback that we got when we were going through the scoring phase on this was pretty People pretty much were okay with all those capabilities. There's a little bit of discussion about routers, but not very much So those seem like they're pretty likely at this point to land as as required in a feature spec Floating IPs on the other hand was a bit more controversial So if you look you breathe the proposal that was on the last slide floating IPs are currently in there But it seems pretty likely at this point that there's not enough consensus and that they'll probably Wind up falling out of the spec before it gets up for approval So that means two things One if you have an opinion about whether you like floating IPs and think we should be able to depend on them or not You should probably go comment on that spec So, you know the like Kyle said that the negative one fairies are out on floating IPs If you're a plus one fairy now would be good time to speak up So just like a survey who's in support of floating IPs anyone to people I'm raising my hand actually so there's Russell Yeah, anyone else really no one. I don't hate them. I don't know if you Yeah, that's a good question Last bullet on the slide So basically there if we look at how people are actually doing this today There's enough different ways that different products actually exposes when I say products I mean public clouds distributions managed services Runs the gambit, right? We actually did money Taylor actually went out and surveyed all like 15 public clouds that he has an account on and put some Information up about those we went through some of the individual products as well And we'll select a some user data from the user committee as well when we get through there it's so like fragmented right now that there really isn't a External connectivity standard like floating IPs was our best hope And if that isn't widely enough adopted then probably nothing else is right now What I will say is that You know the top side of that is that we probably won't be able to have a external connectivity Standard way of connecting for quite some time for at least you know 18 months if not more The the sort of flip side of that is that kind of galvanized the community behind Wow, that's that stinks And we should fix that so that's where a lot of momentum has come behind the get me a network spec For example as possible route to that there's also been some discussion about how we could have a maybe a new API call in Neutron That goes into that again and figures out okay. Well the way that this particular cloud is set up is that You know it uses floating IPs so when I say get me an IP that has an external connectivity I will actually go create a floating IP and assign it to that instance and you know so it's kind of another layer there So like I say basically the the work that we did here and kind of unraveling that whole story and actually going out and looking at What people are doing today was actually it sparked a pretty healthy conversation about how to how to do interoperable networking in the future We figured out that you know L2 L3 security groups There's actually a pretty good consensus on that we should be able to set that up to where people can rely on those capabilities External connectivity is hard and we should go fix that So now we're kind of in the face. We're having a good discussion about how we we go and do that So again that you know like we just say there's there's a good conversation about that going on now And we'd be interested to hear more from from people about how that all should work And so just to reiterate here about why we need that kind of feedback It's not like the user survey can really even ask about this in a way that makes sense, right? And users don't actually know in a lot of cases how their provider has set things up in a lot of cases if we go look at you know Say red hats distribution or canonical distribution or VMware distribution There's actually different ways that an individual customer can set those distributions up So it's really hard to like send out a survey and get good feedback on this kind of thing but at the end of the day Vendors who want to call themselves open stack or want to be able to use that logo Whatever goes into the spec they're gonna have to expose right now their customers can switch it off unless it's a public cloud Right where the customer can actually do that But they're gonna have to expose that capability. So it's kind of a big deal for for the vendor perspective And users on the other hand want to be able to depend on certain capabilities And this is the route that gets them to be able to do that Any project that bears that bad any products that bears that badge will have these capabilities exposed If we choose something that has technical implications on the other side Like, you know, one of the arguments against floating IPs is that they rely on that and people don't like now because it's not performant Right in their minds for their use cases. So if we were to go with floating IPs People are probably gonna have to live with that, right? Because it's hard to do floating IPs and something else within the same compute cloud possible, but complicated for the administrator So, how does supply feedback? So this primarily affects open-stack products, which ultimately offend and affect and use maybe offend affect end users So one way one channel do this is if you're using a vendor product, whether it's a public cloud or distribution or I don't know consulting shop for all I care It's ultimately pretty good to lean on your vendor a little bit and tell them look This is what we want. This is what we don't want right because ultimately that trickles back to us as well Use cases are also super helpful Some of the feedback we got during the early phases of drawing all this up was you know If we include this capability then use cases X Y and Z are broken So that was good feedback for us to be able to understand how things are being used and that makes us helps us make better decisions Throughout what capabilities include Usage data is super super helpful There's a tool called ref stack that people use to run these tests when they want to go for a logo certification process with the foundation Anybody who has tenant credentials to a cloud should be able to run those same tests So if you are a vendor or a user of a cloud and want to go run those tests yourself You can actually go do that those actually get reported anonymously to a site called well was rust act on that until a couple weeks ago I think now it's open sec org slash rust act But that actually gets reported into a central repository and the more of that data that comes in the more We can correlate what's actually out there in the wild so we can see that you know these five tests We only have five results in the entire repository that they passed on that tells us that that's probably a poor capability Opinions are good, but their opinions right so just because me a vendor doesn't want to implement something or doesn't work Well with my product or whatever it is Is not necessarily a reason that it shouldn't be an awful right if the whole rest of the world is doing this And I'm not I'm not interoperable that by definition right so I'm gonna be out of compliance with spec And I either need to fix that or decide I'm not gonna be called open sec That said opinions are valid data points for us So especially if they're backed with some rationale like not just I don't like floating IPs, but I can't use them because X Y Z So feel free to submit opinions. Just be careful to recognize that they are what they are All right, so now we get the point about how to actually supply feedback there's a review All that review says right now is the one line change that changed that spec We showed earlier from Review status to approved status that won't actually land until January at the earliest when this goes up before the board But in the meantime that we use a good place to collect all kinds of feedback So that's where people can chime in and say, you know, we need X Y or Z We don't like this capability. We don't like that capability. That's also where in future patch sets We may drop some of those capabilities. So I think someone actually already submitted a patch this morning to drop floating IPs out of it So, you know, that's that's a good place to sort of funnel feedback You can also grab me or one of the other deaf core committee members in the hallway You can grab one of the TC members in the hallway talk their ears off about it I think my email is actually somewhere in the slide. So I'll leave you to find it Operators meetups. We try to stay in touch with the operator community as well So if you're attending those sessions, then those are good places as well We rely pretty heavily on the user survey when we're looking at things like what Toolkits and client APIs people are using So if you look at the most recent user survey results, I think lib cloud j cloud and Was the other one fog were the three most common API toolkits that people are using That gives us good data because if we find out that, you know 60% of people that are using and something other than the upset clients are using those three things We can go look at those three things and say wow that one doesn't support the lights v2 at all So maybe that's a strike against clients v2 going into all the guidelines. So please answer the user survey if you can I already mentioned rest act And if you're working on over a neutron in one of those technical communities a good place to give feedback is within that technical community as well Couple resources there like I say we'll post these slides later if you're new to def core There's kind of a one-on-one deck that you can go look at There's also some links to our published criteria The definitions that we use and we're talking about things like what a capability actually is The guideline itself and then the previous guidelines as well If you want to see what's more to prove today and what products very logo actually have to expose today I think that is about it. So we've got a couple minutes for questions Anybody has any Right. So generally speaking API extensions are not something that we put in the guidelines because they are very frequently optional In neutron's case like all kinds of stuff is extensions. Yeah, it's actually like super widely deployed Yeah, I think that that particular concept of extensions and neutron isn't isn't really a good Indicator of where the line is between what's like in reality like a core feature versus a more Well, I'll say less used feature. And so that's just that's a really good example of that It turns out to be it seems like it's more of an implementation detail than a something that really communicates Something that's you know required or not. I mean, yeah So I mean ultimately it comes down to what people are actually deploying in the wild Generally speaking extensions aren't widely deployed in a lot of cases in cases like you know, they're other projects, too Neutrons in the one but I think in neutron's case some of those extensions really are very widely deployed open stack more generally And some you know, some of the other projects have started this and new trends talked about it quite a bit But hasn't implemented it yet as this idea of getting rid of extensions because it's confusing for this exact reason and Just making, you know, this is the API. It may be that that feature is disabled and when you try to use it You know, it may just read and reject the request and and hopefully we even make it discoverable about what may be Disabled or whatever the case may be but getting rid of that idea of extensions could sexually painful for everybody So I think that's really kind of the direction that the open sex going overall So every almost every open-side project has is an abstraction over something right in neutron's case What they extract is a bunch of different kinds of ways to do networking. It could be physical switches with VLANs It could be SDN controllers could be whatever else, right? Stuff that goes into the drivers is how That specific thing under the hood Realizes the concept that you're asking for so when I say get me a network What I'm actually doing might be, you know provisioning VLANs on a switch. It might be setting up open flow tables You know, it could be any number of other things. Yeah that Yeah, so the way to the way to think about Yeah, the way to think about neutron conceptually is sort of it's kind of two pieces of kind of really zoom out, right? So there's the API layer there's that there's the common implementation of the API that exposes the concepts and users and administrators That are common to in theory common to to whatever the back end is that you've chosen And then there's the the back-end drivers that are sort of invisible to the end user that implement that so But that the part that's required like for this is that top layer So everyone standardizes in the top API layer that the code and the API itself and then it's you know Your choice of the of how the back end. Yeah, and to the point You know, it is possible that vendor like fun running a public cloud for example I might implement neutron have these API's and then also have some other API's that I exposed the other means that are not Neutron, that's fine. This doesn't prevent me from doing that, but I have to expose the ones that def core requires The implication general being that you know, most providers are probably not going to choose to have to offer two ways to do the same thing Because that's a hassle for them It's possible some might but As an open psyche user I can depend on that one being there maybe else so The way it generally starts out is the deaf core committee itself starts doing its own homework about what they think is widely deployed we look at the user Surveys we look at what's supported in client toolkits and those kind of things Step two is we kind of like draft a straw man proposal and go talk to the PTLs And the PTL is general bring in some of the other technical community members We also generally bounce those kind of things off of end users as well That eventually makes its way into a patch Literally a review and Garrett that people can go comment on And that's actually provides the scores for each one of those 12 capability. We say yes, this is widely deployed. Yes This is used by tools. Yes, this is used by clients That goes up for debate and people are welcome to comment on it We are going to start rolling up to both the TC and the user committee kind of a report of that Every every cycle as well And through that feedback process there, that's what eventually goes into the standard that we present to the board Once we do that and it's in that proposed standard Then it kind of gets wide publicity like I'm sure in a week or two You're gonna see a blog on super user about this and some emails to the ML and that kind of thing So that's the that's kind of starts that three month period where stuff can be thrown out before the board even gets to vote on it And then once that's done obviously we have a six month advisory period as well make sense So yeah, we should talk about pressure relief valves. So there's a couple of those If there's a capability that is required and there's good reason for it not to be required There's a thing that we can do called flagging a test The reasons that we would do that are like we screwed up on the scoring and it actually isn't widely deployed And we thought it was or maybe tempest is broken and that test just won't actually ever pass for anybody, right? So once we flag a test then it's not required for the rest of that guideline We may drop that flag in the next cycle like if it's a tempest bug in the bug gets fixed Then we'll drop the flag, right? We do eventually retire capabilities from deaf core and the way we do that is By deprecating them. So just like with any any API in open stack. There's deprecation cycle and we'll kind of do the same thing In a lot of cases the project will choose to discontinue something like, you know We may require clients v2 today and glance decides to write a new API and deprecate the old one So as a lagging indicator, we'll generally follow the projects So when a project says this thing is deprecated, that's the point where we'll probably deprecate it from the the guideline Yeah, the nice thing about about removing things if you think about it in terms of like these being requirements on a vendor or Or someone providing a product is it's you're really making you're actually making their job easier when you remove something So there's like less controversy around that I think I mean It's it's a step back away from interoperability and a larger set of things that you can count on So there's a there's a bad side to it But in terms of the people that you're holding accountable and saying you must be able to do this To be able to use the open stack name and logo like they're not going to argue with you making it easier on them So which is kind of nice, but so that's why you kind of you see a much more You know robust processor on adding things because that's raising the bar and that puts pressure on everybody And it's great for the whole community, but you know that that's increased pressure So that's why there's a whole lot of focus on the process for adding things Anybody else? Okay. Thanks for coming. Yeah. Thank you very much


Chapter 61 of Varney, the Vampire. Chapter 61. The Vampire in the Moonlight. The False Friend. Part of the distance being accomplished toward the old ruins, Tom Eccles began to feel that what he had undertaken was not altogether such a child's play as he had at first imagined it to be. Somehow or another, with a singular and uncomfortable sort of distinctness, there came across his mind every story that he had remembered of the wild and the wonderful. All the long since forgotten tales of superstition that in early childhood he had learned came now back upon him, suggesting to his mind a thousand uncomfortable fancies of the strangest description. It was not likely that when once a man under such circumstances got into such a frame of mind, he would readily get out of it again, while he continued surrounded by such scenes as had first called them into existence. No doubt, and he turned about and faced the inn again, instead of the old ruins, he would soon have shaken off these thick-coming fancies. But such a result was not to be expected, so long as he kept on toward the dismal place he had pledged himself to reach. As he traversed meadow after meadow, he began to ask himself some questions, which he found that he could not answer exactly in a consolatory manner under the present state of things. Among these questions was the very pertinent one of, It's no argument against vampires, because I don't see the use of them, is it? This he was compelled to answer as he had put it, and when, in addition, he began to recollect that without the shadow of a doubt, Sir Francis Varney, the supposed vampire, had been chased across the fields to that very ruin whether he was bound, and had then and there disappeared. He certainly found himself in a decidedly uncomfortable and most unpromising situation. No, he said. No, hang it. I won't go back now to be made the laughingstock of the whole town, which I should be. Come what may of it I will go on as I have commenced, so I shall put on as stout a heart as I can. Then, having come to this resolve, he strove might and main to banish from his mind those disagreeable reminiscences that had been oppressing him, to turn his attention to subjects of a different complexion. During the progress of making this endeavor, which was rather futile, he came within sight of the ruins. Then he slackened his pace a little, telling himself, with a pardonable self-deceit, that it was common, ordinary caution only, which induced him to do so, than nothing at all in the shape of fear. Time enough, he remarked, to be afraid when I see anything to be afraid of, which I don't see as yet. So, as all's right, I may as well put a good face upon the matter. He tried to whistle a tune, but it turned out only a melancholy failure, so he gave that up in despair, and walked on until he got within a hundred yards or thereabouts of the old ruins. He thus proceeded, and bending his ear close to the ground, he listened attentively for several minutes. Somehow he fancied that a strange murmuring sound came to his ears, but he was not quite sure that it proceeded from the ruins, because it was just that sort of sound that might come from a long way off, being mellowed by distance, although perhaps loud enough at its source. Well, well, he whispered to himself, it don't matter much after all. Go, I must, and hide the handkerchief somewhere, or else be laughed at, besides losing my wages. The former I don't like, and the latter I cannot afford. Thus, clinching the matter by such knockdown arguments, he walked on until he was almost within the very shadow of the ruins. And probably it was at this juncture that his footsteps may have been heard by Marchdale and Sir Francis Varney. Then he paused again, but all was profoundly still, and he began to think that the strange sort of murmuring noise that he had heard must have come from far off, and not at all from any person or persons within the ruins. Let me see, he said to himself. I have five handkerchiefs to hide among the old ruins somewhere, and the sooner I do so the better, because then I will get away. For as regards staying here to watch, heaven knows how long, for Sir Francis Varney I don't intend to do it. Upon second thoughts and second thoughts, they say, are generally best. With the most careful footsteps now, as if he were treading upon some fragile substance which he feared to injure, he advanced until he was fairly within the precincts of the ancient place which now bore so ill a reputation. He then made to himself much the same remark that Sir Francis Varney had made to Marchdale, with respect to the brightening up of the sky, in consequence of its being near the time for the moon to rise from the horizon, and he saw more clearly around him, although he could not find any good place to hide the handkerchiefs in. I must and will, he said, hide them securely, for it would indeed be remarkably unpleasant, after coming here and winning my wages, to have the proofs that I had done so taken away by some chance visitor to the place. He at length saw a tolerably large stone which stood in a slant position up against one of the walls. Its size attracted him. He thought, if his strength was sufficient to move it, that it would be a good thing to do so, and to place the handkerchiefs beneath it, for, at all events, it was so heavy that it could not be kicked aside, and no one, without some sort of motive to do so, beyond the mere love of labor, would set about moving it from its position. I may go further, and fair worse, he said to himself, so here shall all the handkerchiefs lie, to afford a proof that I have been here. He packed them into a small compass, and then stooped to roll aside the heavy stone, when, at the moment, before he could apply his strength to that purpose, he heard someone in his immediate neighborhood say, hissed. This was so sudden, and so utterly unexpected, that he not only ceased his exertions to move the stone, but he nearly fell down in surprise. Hissed. What? What? gasped Tom Eccles. What are you? The perspiration broke out upon his brow, and he leaned against the wall for support as he managed to say faintly, well, hush, what then? Hissed. Well, I hear you. Where are you? Near at hand. Who are you? Tom Eccles. Who are you? A friend. Have you seen anything? No, I wish I could. I should like to see you if I could. I'm coming. There was a slow and cautious footstep, and Marchdale advanced to where Tom Eccles was standing. Come now, said the latter, when he saw the dusky-looking form stalking towards him. Till I know you better, I'll be obliged to keep you off. I am well armed. Keep your distance, be you friend or foe. Armed, explained Marchdale, and he at once paused. Yes, I am, but I am a friend. I have no sort of objection, frankly, to tell you, my errand. I am a friend of the Bannerworth family, and have kept watch here now for two nights, in the hopes of meeting with Varney, the vampire. The deuce you have, and pray what may your name be. Marchdale. If you be Mr. Marchdale, I know you by sight, for I have seen you with Mr. Henry Bannerworth several times. Come out from among the shadows, and let us have a look at you. But till you do, don't come within arm's length of me. I am not naturally suspicious, but we cannot be too careful. Oh, certainly, certainly. The silver edge of the moon is just now peeping up from the east, and you will be able to see me well if you step from the shadow of the wall by which you now are. This was a reasonable enough proposition, and Tom Eccles at once succeeded to it by stepping out boldly into the partial moonlight, which now began to fall upon the open meadows, tinting the grass with a silvery refulgence, and rendering even my new objects visible.  And what brings you here? A wager for one thing, and a wish to see the vampire for another. Indeed. Yes, I must own that I have such a wish, along with a still stronger one, to capture him, if possible. And, as there are now two of us, why may we not do it? As for capturing him, said Marchdale, I should prefer shooting him. You would? I would indeed. I have seen him once shot down, and he is now, I have no doubt, as well as ever. What were you doing with that huge stone I saw you bending over? I have some handkerchiefs to hide here as a proof that I have tonight really been to this place. Oh, I will show you a better spot where there is a crevice in which you can place them with perfect safety. Will you walk with me into the ruins? Willingly. It's odd enough, remarked Marchdale after he had shown Tom Meckles where to hide the handkerchiefs, that you and I should both be here upon so similar an errand. I'm very glad of it. It robs the place of its gloom, and makes it 10 tons more indurable than it otherwise would be. What do you propose to do if you see the vampire? I shall try a pistol bullet on him. You say you are armed? Yes. With pistols? One. Here it is. A huge weapon. Loaded well, of course. Oh, yes, I can depend upon it, but I did not intend to use it unless assailed. Tiswell? What is that? What? What? What? Don't you see anything there? Come farther back. Look. Look. At the corner of that wall, there I am certain is the flutter of a human garment. There is. There is. Hush. Keep close. It must be the vampire. Give me my pistol. What are you doing with it? Only ramming down the charge more firmly for you. Take it. If that be Varney the vampire, I shall challenge him to surrender the moment he appears, and if he does not, I will fire upon him. And do you do so likewise? Well, I, I don't know. You have scruples? I certainly have. Well, well, don't you fire then, but leave it to me. There. Look. Look. Now have you any doubt? There he goes in his cloak. It is, it is Varney by heavens, cried Tom Eccles. Surrender, shouted Marchdale. At the instant Sir Francis Varney sprang forward and made off at a rapid pace across the meadows. Fire after him, fire, cried Marchdale, or he will escape. My pistol is missed fire. He will be off. On the impulse of the moment, and thus urged by the voice and the gesture of his companion, Tom Eccles took aim as well as he could and fired after the retreating form of Sir Francis Varney. His conscience smote him as he heard the report and saw the flash of the large pistol amid the half-sorder darkness that was still around. The effect of the shot was then to him painfully apparent. He saw Varney stop instantly, then make a vain attempt to stagger forward a little, and finally fall heavily to the earth, with all the appearance of one killed upon the spot. You have hit him, said Marchdale. You have hit him. Bravo. I have hit him. Yes, a capital shot by Jove. I am very sorry. Sorry, sorry for ridding the world of such a being. What was in your pistol? A couple of slugs. Well, they have made a lodgement in him. That's quite clear. Let's go up and finish him at once. He seems finished. I beg your pardon there. When the moonbeams fall upon him, he'll get up and walk away as if nothing was the matter. Will he? cried Tom with animation. Will he? Certainly he will. Thank God for that. Now hark you, Mr. Marchdale. I should not have fired if you had not at the moment urged me to do so. Now I shall stay and see if the effect which you talk of will ensue. And although it may convince me that he is a vampire, and that there are such things, he may go off scot-free for me. Go off? Yes, I don't want to have even a vampire's blood upon my hands. You are exceedingly delicate. Perhaps I am. It's my way, though. I have shot him, not you, mine, so in a manner of speaking he belongs to me. Now, mark you. I won't have him touched any more tonight, unless you think there's a chance of making a prisoner of him without violence. There he lies. You can go and make a prisoner of him at once, dead as he is. And if you take him out of the moonlight, I understand he won't recover. Certainly not, but as I want him to recover, that don't suit me. Well, I cannot but honor your scruples, although I do not actually share in them. But I promise you that since such is your wish, I will take no steps against the vampire. But let us come up to him and see if he really be dead, or if only badly wounded. Tom Meckles hung back a little from this proposal. But upon being urged again by Marchdale, and told that he need not go closer than he chose, he consented. And the two of them approached the prostrate former Sir Francis Varney, which lay upon its face in the faint moonlight, which each moment was gathering strength and power. He lies upon his face, said Marchdale. Will you go and turn him over? Who? I? God forbid I should touch him. Well, well, I will. Come on. They halted within a couple of yards of the body. Tom Meckles would not go a step further, so Marchdale advanced alone, and pretended to be, with great repugnance, examining for the wound. He is quite dead, he said. But I cannot see the hurt. I think he turned his head as I fired. Did he? Let us see. Marchdale lifted up the head and disclosed such a mass of clotted-looking blood that Tom Meckles at once took to his heels, nor stopped until he was nearly as far off as the ruins. Marchdale followed him more slowly, and when he came up to him, he said, the slugs have taken effect on his face. I know it. I know it. Don't tell me. He looks horrible. And I am a murderer. Shaw, you look upon this matter too seriously. Think of who and what he was, and then you will soon acquit yourself of being open to any such charge. I am bewildered, Mr. Marchdale, and cannot now know whether he be a vampire or not. If he be not, I have murdered, most unjustifiably, a fellow creature. Well, but if he be, why even then I do not know but that I ought to consider myself as guilty. He is one of God's creatures if he were ten times a vampire. Well, you really do take a serious view of the affair. Not more serious than it deserves. And what do you mean to do? I shall remain here to await the result of what you tell me will ensue if he be a real vampire. Even now the moonbeams are full upon him, and each moment increasing in intensity. Think you he will recover? I do indeed. Then here will I wait. Since that is your resolve, I will keep you company. We shall easily find some old stone in the ruins which will serve us for a seat, and there at leisure we can keep our eyes upon the dead body, and be able to observe it if it makes the least movement. This plan was adopted, and they sat down just within the ruins, but in such a place that they had a full view of the dead body as it appeared to be of Sir Francis Varney upon which the sweet moonbeams shone full and clear. Tom Eccles related how he was incited to come upon his expedition, but he might have spared himself that trouble, as Marksdale had been in a retired corner of the inn, parlor, before he came to his appointment with Varney, and heard the business for the most part proposed. Half an hour, certainly not more, might have elapsed, when suddenly Tom Eccles uttered an exclamation partly of surprise and partly of terror. He moves, he cried. He moves. Look at the vampire's body! Marksdale affected to look with an all-absorbing interest, and there was Sir Francis Varney, raising slowly one arm with the hand outstretched towards the moon, as if invoking that luminary to shed more of its beams upon him. Then the body moved slowly, like someone writhing in pain, and yet unable to move from the spot in which it lay. From the head to the foot, the whole frame seemed to be convulsed, and now and then, as the ghastly objects seemed to be gathering more strength, the limbs were thrown out with a rapid and a frightful-looking violence. It was truly to one who might look upon it as a reality and no juggle, a frightful sight to see, and although Marksdale, of course, tolerably well preserved his equanimity, only now and then for apparent sake, affecting to be wonderfully shocked, poor Tom Eccles was in such a state of horror and fright that he could not, if he would, have flown from the spot. So fascinated was he by the horrible spectacle. This was a state of things which continued for many minutes, and then the body showed evident symptoms of so much returning animation that it was about to rise from its gory bed and mingle once again with the living. Behold, said Marksdale, behold, heaven have mercy upon us. It is, as I said, the beams of the moon have revived the vampire. You perceive now that there can be no doubt. Yes, yes, I see him, I see him. Sir Francis Varney now, as if with a great struggle, rose to his feet, and looked up at the bright moon for some moments with such an air and manner that it would not have required any very great amount of imagination to conceive that he was returning to it some sort of thanksgiving for the good that it had done to him. He then seemed for some moments in a state of considerable indecision as to which way he should proceed. He turned around several times. Then he advanced a step or two towards the house, but apparently his resolution changed again, and casting his eyes upon the ruins he at once made towards them. This was too much for the philosophy as well as for the courage of Tom Eccles. It was all very well to look on at some distance and observe the wonderful and inexplicable proceedings of the vampire, but when he showed symptoms of making a near acquaintance, it was not to be born. Why, he's coming here, said Tom. He seems so indeed, remarked Marksdale. Do you mean to stay? I think I shall. You do, do you? Yes, I should much like to question him, and as we are two to one, I think we really can have nothing to fear. Do you? I'm altogether of a different opinion. A man who has more lives than a cat don't much mind of what odds he fights. You may stay if you like. Do you not mean to say that you will desert me? I don't see a bit how you call it deserting you. If we had come out together in this adventure, I would have stayed it out with you, but as we came separate and independent, we may as well go back so. Well, but good morning, cried Tom, and he at once took to his heels towards the town without staying to pay any attention to the remonstrances of Marksdale, who called after him in vain. Sir Francis Varney, probably had Tom Eccles not gone off so rapidly, would have yet taken another thought, and gone in another direction than that which had led to the ruins. And Tom, if he had had his senses fully about him, as well as all his powers of perception, would have seen that the progress of the vampire was very slow, while he continued to converse with Marksdale, and that it was only when he went off at a good speed that Sir Francis Varney likewise thought it prudent to do so. Is he much terrified? said Varney as he came up to Marksdale. Yes, most completely. This, then, will make a good story in the town. It will indeed, and not a little, enhance your reputation. Well, well, it don't much matter now, but if by terrifying people I can purchase for myself anything like immunity for the past, I shall be satisfied. I think you may now safely reckon that you have done so. This man who has fled with so much precipitation had courage, unquestionably, or else he would have shrunk from coming here at all. True, but his courage and presence arose from his strong doubts as to the existence of such beings as vampires. Yes, and now that he is convinced, his bravery has evaporated, along with his doubts, and such a tale as he has now to tell will be found sufficient to convert even the most skeptical in the town. I hope so. And yet it cannot much avail you, not personally, but I must confess that I am not dead to all human passions, and I feel some desire of revenge against those dastards who by hundreds have hunted me, burnt down my house, and sought my destruction. That I do not wonder at. I would feign leave among them a legacy of fear, such fear as shall haunt them and their children for years to come. I would wish that the name of Varney, the Vampire, should be a sound of terror for generations. It will be so. It shall. And now, then, for consideration of what is to be done with our prisoner. What is your resolve upon that point? I have considered it while I was laying upon you on green sword waiting for the friendly moonbeams to fall upon my face, and it seems to me that there is no sort of resource but to kill him? No, no. What then? To set him free. Nay, have you considered the immense hazard of doing so? Think again. I pray you, think again. I am decidedly of opinion that he more than suspects who are his enemies, and in that case you know what consequences would ensue. Besides, have we not enough already to encounter? Why should we add another young, bold, determined spirit to the band which has already arrayed against us? You talk in vain, Marchdale. I know to what it all tends. You have a strong desire for the death of this young man. No, there you wrong me. I have no desire for his death, for its own sake. But where great interests are at stake, there must be sacrifices made. So there must. Therefore I will make a sacrifice and let this young prisoner free from his dungeon. If such be your determination, I know well it is useless to combat with it. When do you purpose giving him his freedom? I will not act so heedlessly as that your principles of caution shall blame me. I will attempt to get from him some promise that he will not make himself an active instrument against me. Perchance, too, as Bannerworth Hall, which he is sure to visit, where such an air of desertion I may be able to persuade him that the Bannerworth family, as well as his uncle, have left this part of the country altogether, so that, without making any inquiry for them about the neighborhood, he may be induced to leave at once. That would be well. Good, your prudence approves of the plan, and therefore it shall be done. I am rather inclined to think, said Marchdale, with a slight tone of sarcasm, that if my prudence did not approve of the plan, it would still be done. Most probably, said Varney calmly, will you release him tonight? It is morning now, and soon the soft gray light of day will tint the east. I do not think I will release him till sunset again now. Has he provisioned to last him until then? He has. Well, then, two hours after sunset, I will come here and release him from his weary bondage, and now I must go to find some place in which to hide my prescribed head. As for Bannerworth Hall, I will yet have it in my power. I have sworn to do so. I will keep my oath. The accomplishment of our purpose, I regret to say, seems as far off as ever. Not so, not so! As I before remarked, we must disappear for a time, so as to lull suspicion. There will then arise a period when Bannerworth Hall will neither be watched as it is now, nor will it be inhabited. A period before the Bannerworth family has made up its mind to go back to it, and when long watching without a result has become too tiresome to be continued at all, then we can at once pursue our object. Be it so, and now, Marchdale, I want more money. More money? Yes, you know that I have had large demands of late. But I certainly had an impression that you were possessed by the death of someone with very ample means. Yes, but there is a means by which all is taken for granted. But there is a means by which all is taken from me. I have no real resources but what are rapidly used up, so I must come upon you again. I have already completely crippled myself as regards to money matters in this enterprise, and I do certainly hope that the fruits will not be far distant. If they be much longer delayed, I shall really not know what to do. However, come to the lodge where you have been staying, and then I will give you to the extent of my ability whatever some you think your present exigencies require. Come on then at once. I would certainly, of course, rather leave this place now before daybreak. Come on, I say. Come on. Sir Francis Varney and Marchdale walked for some time in silence across the meadows. It was evident that there was not between these associates the very best of feelings. Marchdale was always smarting under an assumption of authority over him on the part of Sir Francis Varney, while the latter scarcely cared to conceal any portion of the contempt with which he regarded his hypocritical companion. Some very strong band of union, indeed, must surely bind these two strange persons together. It must be something of a more than common nature which induces Marchdale not only to obey the behests of his mysterious companion, but to supply him so readily with money as we perceive he promises to do. And as regards Varney, the vampire, he too must have some great object in view to induce him to run such a world of risk, and to take so much trouble as he was doing with the Bannerworth family. What his object is, and what is the object of Marchdale, will, now that we have progressed so far in our story, soon appear, and then much that is perfectly inexplicable will become clear and distinct, and we shall find that some strong human motives are at the bottom of it all. Varney, The Vampire, Volume I, by Thomas Prescott Prest Chapter 62 Varney's Visit to the Dungeon of the Lonely Prisoner in the Ruins Evident it was that Marchdale was not near so scrupulous as Sir Francis Varney in what he chose to do. He would, without hesitation, have sacrificed the life of that prisoner in the Lonely Dungeon, whom it would be an insult to the understanding of our readers not to presume that they had long aired this established in their minds to be Charles Holland. His own safety seemed to be the paramount consideration with Marchdale, and it was evident that he cared for nothing in comparison with that object. It says much, however, for Sir Francis Varney, that he did not give in to such a bloodthirsty feeling, but rather chose to set the prisoner free, and run all the chances of the danger to which he might expose himself by such a course of conduct than to ensure safely, comparatively, by his destruction. Sir Francis Varney is evidently a character of strangely mixed feelings. It is quite evident that he has some great object in view, which he wishes to accomplish almost at any risk, but it is equally evident, at the same time, that he wishes to do so with the least possible injury to others, or else he would never have behaved as he had done in his interview with the beautiful and persecuted Flora Bannerworth, or now suggested the idea of setting Charles Holland free from the dreary dungeon in which he had so long been confined. We are always anxious and willing to give everyone credit for the good that is in them, and hence we are pleased to find that Sir Francis Varney, despite his singular and apparently preternatural capabilities, has something sufficiently human about his mind and feelings to induce him to do as little injury as possible to others in the pursuit of his own objects. Of the two, vampire as he is, we prefer him much to the despicable and hypocritical Marchdale, who, under the pretense of being the friend of the Bannerworth family, would freely have inflicted upon them the most deadly injuries. It was quite clear that he was most dreadfully disappointed that Sir Francis Varney would not permit him to take the life of Charles Holland, and it was with a gloomy and dissatisfied air that he left the ruins to proceed towards the town after what we may almost term the altercation he had had with Varney the vampire upon that subject. It must not be supposed that Sir Francis Varney, however, was blind to the danger which must inevitably accrue from permitting Charles Holland once more to obtain his liberty. What the latter would be able to state would be more than sufficient to convince the Bannerworths, and all interested in their fortunes, that something was going on of a character which, however supernatural as it might seem to be, still seemed to have some human and ordinary objects for its ends. Sir Francis Varney thought over all this before he proceeded, according to his promise, to the dungeon of the prisoner, but it would seem as if there was considerable difficulty, even to an individual of his long practice in all kinds of chicanery and deceit, in arriving at any satisfactory conclusion as to a means of making Charles Holland's release a matter of less danger to himself than it would be likely to be if, unfettered by obligation, he was at once set free. At the solemn hour of midnight, while all was still, that is to say, on the night succeeding the one on which he had held the interview with Marchdale, we have recorded, Sir Francis Varney alone sought the silent ruins. He was attired, as usual, in his huge cloak, and indeed the chilly air of the evening warranted such protection against its numerous discomforts. Had anyone seen him, however, upon that evening, they would have observed an air of great doubt and irresolution upon his brow, as if he were struggling with some impulses which he found extremely difficult to restrain. I know well, he muttered as he walked among the shadow of the ruins, that Marchdale's reasoning is coldly and horribly correct when he says that there is danger in setting this youth free. But I am about to leave this place, and not to show myself for some time, and I cannot reconcile myself to inflicting upon him the horror of a death by starvation which must ensue. It was a night of more than usual dullness, and as Sir Francis Varney removed the massy stone which hid the narrow and tortuous entrance to the dungeons, a chilly feeling crept over him, and he could not help supposing that even then Marchdale might have played him false and neglected to supply the prisoner food according to his promise. Hastily he descended to the dungeons, and with a step which had in it far less of caution than had usually characterized his proceedings, he proceeded onward until he reached that particular dungeon in which our young friend, to whom we wish so well, had been so long confined from the beautiful and cheering light of day, and from all that his heart's best affections most cling to. Speak, said Sir Francis Varney, as he entered the dungeon. If the occupant of this dread place live, let him answer one who is as much his friend as he has been his enemy. I have no friend, said Charles Holland faintly, unless it would be one who would come and restore me to liberty. And how know you that I am not he? Your voice sounds like that of one of my persecutors. Why do you not place the climax of your injuries by at once taking away my life? I should be better pleased that you would do so, than that I should wear out the useless struggle of existence and so dreary and wretched and abode as this. Young man, said Sir Francis Varney, I have come to you on a greater errand of mercy than probably you will ever give me credit for. There is one who would too readily have granted your present request, and who would at once have taken that life of which you profess to be so weird, but which may yet present to you some of its sunniest and most beautiful aspects. Your tones are friendly, said Charles, but yet I dread some new deception, that you are one of those who consigned me by strategic and by brute force to this place of endurance I am well assured, and therefore any good that may be promised by you presents a self to me in a very doubtful character. I cannot be surprised, said Sir Francis Varney, at such sentiments arising from your lips, but nevertheless I am inclined to save you. You have been detained here because it was supposed, by being so, a particular object would be best obtained by your absence. That object, however, has failed, notwithstanding, and I do not feel further inclined to protract your sufferings. Have you any guess as to the parties who have thus confined you? I am unaccustomed to disemple, and therefore I will say at once that I have a guess. In what way does it tend? Against Sir Francis Varney, called the Vampire. Does it strike you that this may be a dangerous candor? It may, or it may not be. I cannot help it. I know I am at the mercy of my foes, and I do not believe that anything I can say or do will make my situation worse or better. You are much mistaken there. In other hands than mine it might make it much worse, but it happens to be one of my weaknesses that I am charged with candor, and that I admire boldness of disposition. Indeed, and yet can behave in the manner you have done towards me? Yes. There are more things in heaven and earth than are dreamt of in your philosophy. I am the more encouraged to set you free, because if I procure from you a promise which I intend to attempt, I am inclined to believe that you will keep it. I shall assuredly keep whatever promise I may make. Propound your conditions, and if they be such as honor and honesty will permit me to exceed to, I will do so willingly and at once.  Will you promise me then, if I set you free, not to mention your suspicions, that it is to Sir Francis Varney you owe this ill turn, and not to attempt any act of revenge against him as a retaliation for it? I cannot promise so much as that. Freedom, indeed, would be a poor boon if I were not permitted freely to converse of some of the circumstances connected with my captivity. You object? I do, to the former of your propositions, but not to the latter. I will promise not to go at all out of my way to execute any vengeance upon you, but I will not promise that I will not communicate the circumstances of my forced absence from them, to those friends whose opinion I so much value, and to return to whom is almost as dear to me as liberty itself. Sir Francis Varney was silent for a few moments, and then he said in a tone of deep solemnity, There are ninety-nine persons out of a hundred who would take your life for the independence of your tongue, but I am as the hundredth one who looks with a benevolent eye at your proceedings. Will you promise me, if I remove the fetters which now bind your limbs, that you will make no personal attack upon me, for I am weary of personal contention, and I will have no disposition to endure it? Will you make me this promise? I will, without another word, but trusting implicitly to the promise which had been given to him, Sir Francis Varney produced a small key from his pocket, and unlocked with it a padlock which confined the chains about the prisoner. With ease, Charles Holland was then unable to shake them off, and then, for the first time for some weeks, he rose to his feet, and felt all the exquisite relief of being comparatively free from bondage. This is delightful indeed, he said. It is, said Sir Francis Varney. It is but a foretaste of the happiness you will enjoy when you are entirely free. You see that I have trusted you. You have trusted me as you might trust me, and you perceive that I have kept my word. You have, and since you declined to make me the promise which I would fain have from you, to the effect that you would not mention me as one of the authors of your calamity, I must trust to your honor not to attempt revenge for what you have suffered. That I will promise. There can be but little difficulty to any generous mind in giving up such a feeling. In consequence of your sparing me what you might still further have inflicted, I will let the past rest, and as if it had never happened really to me, and speak of it to others, but as a circumstance which I wish not to revert to, but prefer should be buried in oblivion. It is well, and now I have a request to make of you, which perhaps you will consider the hardest of all. Name it. I feel myself bound to a considerable extent to comply with whatever you may demand of me that is not contrary to honorable principle. Then it is this, that comparatively free as you are, and in a condition as you are, to assert your own freedom, you will not do so hastily, or for a considerable period. In fact, I wish and expect that you should wait yet a while until it shall suit me to say that it is my pleasure that you shall be free. That is indeed a hard condition to a man who feels, as you yourself remark, that he can assert his freedom. It is one which I have still a hope you will not persevere in. Nay, young man, I think that I have treated you with generosity to make you feel that I am not the worst of foes you could have had. All I require of you is that you should wait here for about an hour. It is now nearly one o'clock. Will you wait until you hear it strike two before you actually make movement to leave this place? Charles Holland hesitated for some moments, and then he said, Do not fancy that I am not one who appreciates the singular trust you have reposed in me. And however repugnant to me it may be to remain here a voluntary prisoner, I am inclined to do so, if it be but to convince you that the trust you have reposed in me is not in vain, and that I can behave with equal generosity to you as you can to me. Be it so, said Sir Francis Farny, I shall leave you with a full reliance that you will keep your word. And now, farewell. When you think of me, fancy me rather one unfortunate than criminal, and tell yourself that even Farny the Vampire had some traits in his character, which, although they might not raise your esteem, at all events did not loudly call for your reprobation. I shall do so. Oh, Flora, Flora, I shall look upon you once again, after believing and thinking that I had bitten you along and last adieu. My own beautiful Flora, it is joy indeed to think that I shall look upon that face again, which to my perception is full of all the majesty of loveliness. Sir Francis Farny looked coldly on while Charles uttered this enthusiastic speech. Remember, he said, till two o'clock, and he walked towards the door of the dungeon. You will have no difficulty in finding your way out of this place. Doubtless you already perceived the entrance by which I gained admission. Had I been free, said Charles, and had the use of my limbs, I should long air this have worked my way to life and liberty. Tis well, good night. Farny walked from the place and just closed the door behind him. With a slow and stately step, he left the ruins, and Charles Holland found himself once more alone, but in a much more enviable condition than for many weeks he could have called his. End of Chapter 62, Recording by Roger Maline End of Volume 1 of Varney the Vampire by Thomas Prescott Prest


الحمد لله الحمد لله كسعينه ونصفلك ونعوذ بيلا يميشوه ينقصيه وميزيه في عمالنا ما يعمل الله وفلا مدلله وما يدفله هادي الله ونشد الله إله إلا الله وحده ونشدي الله ونشد الله محمد للهو برسوله أرسل أبو الهو برشية ومرده بيلا يديني صاح مكر الله ورسوله وفقد رشد وميعس الله ورسوله وطريقا للهلو بلا نفس أبولاية و الله بشيئة عود بلادينا شبار مرد جين بيلا الله وبلادينا وطروي صلونا على النبي ياري بلادينا آنر ونصف وعالي ونصف ورسوله الله محمد صلونا محمد نعطيه ورسوله وصلونا للمين يام المؤمنة والمسلمين والمسلمين وبارينا محمد مزاجي ودوريتي وقال الله بطالة في القرآن المجين والله يبقى بيلا باريسلام ويهدي من يشاول الله سراك المستقين وقال الله بطالة في القرآن المجين قلت سبب 드� nombre بلossodzi جوالấy المشاركات وقل集هم to the blessings of the month of Ramadan اللوهزأىinctions of lemon months وارينا موجودة في الشم supposed to be caught in the ocean compared from blessings of the month of Ramadan هذا يعني ان الناس بل消سه عندما جاءت الهربات تلتحبين فريق قوالين يُمضي على متحمدين اطلع على رفاق employed وتتوقع وبتسؤال الله سبحانه وتعالى يأد من سامة الله سبحانه وتعالى aren't asking praise for this mercy الله سبحانه وتعالى is only looking excuses for the forgiveness of His servants في المنطقة فرمانية فهذا هو why جزيلا إليسلان مرتدوعة لله سبحانه وتعالى ومفرصة العهد الإسلام قال أمين امازل الدعاء of the archangel جزيلا إليسلان وامين قلت بموضوع الكريم من الله سبحانه وتعالى جزيلا إليسلان قال أو قد يمرةائ الأسيب سنعود مع the same reward as the reward of fasting وقراءن كراءن وقمنا أيها أخصائه وعخيرا ويأكل sagt أخذ الله ف الأول من هذا لديه أشكرا للبعطة أخطة الثلاثة cannot forget اللات ثلاثة تبقى بالنستطعية من الأشرفة حدث وحد أشياء المنطقة، فقط أردت لهم مفتاحة للمنطقة فرمضة، فأنا أتفاق على أن الله سبحانه وتعالى يرسل في المنطقة فرمضة. إذا لم نأخذ هذه المنطقة فرمضة، ألا أعطي المنطقة من أولئي من المنطقة، ألا أعطي المنطقة من أولئي من المنطقة. تلاوية never give to the nations that we became before Prophet SAW such rewards never given to the nations that came before Prophet SAW if we do not take advantage of this month if we do not exert ourselves if our life is just the same status quo like it is in the remaining 11 months we sleep when we want to sleep taking rest when we want to rest doing other worldly things that we want to do rather than when Allah has given us a free time to exert his time in Quran to turn towards Allah SWT رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم 3 things in the month of Ramadan even though his worship was such in the regular months when his feet swell up because of the long stand in the Salat who increases worship in the month of Ramadan even more he increases charity in the month of Ramadan even though his charity was at its peak in the remainder of the month who increases charity he becomes like a wing that benefitted everyone in the month of Ramadan 3 who beg Allah for forgiveness even though he was forgiven in the past, present and future he is in pain of forgiveness of Allah SWT in the month of Ramadan doing Aidegat in the month of Ramadan ever since the revelation came of the month of Ramadan رسول الله will do Aidegat every year of the month of Ramadan that will come in his life except the last year we ate Aidegat twice before Allah SWT called him back we should also make attention to this item when a poor person knocks on the door of a rich person after some time the rich person eventually opens up the door imagine the king of the kings they are knocking on the door of the king of the sapits إذا سأل عبابي مندي فاديمي قريب وجيوا تقوة التعلي إذا لعن in between the words of Ramadan in the Quran Allah says when the servants ask about me tell them I am near when they make du'a I will respond I will answer to the du'a رسول الله سبحانه وتعالى do not ever get discouraged when you make du'a do not even despondent when you make du'a do not get accepted I do not see themselves of the du'a in my life why should I make du'a we should never get defeated because Prophet SAW said when three things happen when a person makes du'a number one Allah سبحانه وتعالى accepts the du'a of course Allah accepts all the du'as but Allah سبحانه وتعالى gives him what he or she has asked for immediately or after some time number one number two when a person makes du'a when a person makes du'a whatever need he or she has asks Allah سبحانه وتعالى Allah سبحانه وتعالى because of the du'a a calamity, an affliction a test, a trial and something is overweight it could be the form of sickness or accident or losing the job business or whatever is related to his life or family's life Allah سبحانه وتعالى has an affliction from his or her life because of certain du'a even though the removal of affliction is not linked to the putting of her du'a as he or she made but Allah removes the calamities and afflictions from his or her way number two never treat Prophet SAW Allah سبحانه وتعالى and deposit his or her du'a for the day of judgment when a person is standing in front of Allah no translator in between between him or her Allah سبحانه وتعالى Allah سبحانه وتعالى will ask him or her did you ask me for your needs and your hardships and the hard times you're going through in this world the person will say oh Allah of course I did and the skin will be running in front of the person oh Allah look at this this is the du'a I have made at a certain time Allah سبحانه وتعالى says I know you made those du'a I know what you're going to do in those sorrows and difficulties but look at the reward I have prepared for you when the person looks at the reward not from the governor of the state or the president of the country or the king of the country but from the king of the kings from أكرم الأكرمين أرحم الراحمين رب العالمين when the person sees the reward and ever lasts in reward a reward from the status from the shine and the breeze and the standards of the أحكم الحاكمين أكرم الأكرمين رب العالمين أرحم الراحمين what kind of rewards it can be a president these awards from his status a king these rewards from his status but Allah سبحانه وتعالى imagine the rewards when the person sees the rewards when the person sees the rewards he or she will wish none of it is for her we do not understand the wisdom of Allah سبحانه وتعالى or not trying to narrow the eyes in this world we are like little children our intelligence our wisdom our knowledge is limited like a child when he asks for candies to give him when he asks more and more candies to say oh it's not good for your health it does not understand that we understand similar to the du'as who make some of the du'as who do not understand their wisdom is it going to penetrate me or is it going to harm me is it a blessing in this guidance or something that's going to harm me that is why Allah سبحانه وتعالى only accepts those du'as that are beneficial for us in this world and Allah gives it to us but those du'as for which we do not see the results Allah سبحانه وتعالى is those du'as for the day of judgment that is why Prophet ﷺ said is a blind check respect the listeners Allah is giving us a blind check in the month of Ramadan you make du'a Allah will answer to your du'a the angels say Amen to the du'as of the fasting people in the month of Ramadan said Prophet ﷺ angels say Amen especially at the time of Islam said Prophet ﷺ للصدي برحمن فرحمن عند الدفار وفرحمن عند الباب للرحمن Prophet ﷺ said there are few happinesses for the fasting person one when he or she breaks the fast there are few happinesses at that time Prophet ﷺ said make du'a at least one du'a is accepted at that time make as many du'a bring our kids together let's make du'a let's make few minutes few seconds before his time at the time of his time ask Allah is the time of acceptance of du'a the night time Allah is that anyone Allah says that my calling comes close to the earth is that anyone needs to be asked to be fulfilled is that anyone seeking forgiveness from me is that anyone seeking repentance from me I can forgive and accept his repentance or du'a of good comes close or du'a of evil say only in angel announces it after that messouda is given to Allah يَبَالْيَ الْعَيْرْ أَقْبِنْ يَبَالْيَ الشَبْ أَفْسِبْ وَرَمَانْتَرَسَرْبِ Allah is the month of forgiveness month of mercy opening up the doors for his awesome mercy of Allah to descend if we do not take advantage of that if we do not exert ourselves in تربيب in the night time in the day time رسائل المراء دون فكر الله ينداع المحددين يفكرون الله قيامهم وقعونهم على الجموء ويتفكرهم بقلبي السلاحات والأرض ربنا مخلط حالطة وفاطلة سبحانا تقلع عذاب النار ساهم رضي روحه ربري الله سبحانه وعلي أولاً في المنطقة الرمضان لا أستطيع أن أستطيع أن أتكلم أصدقائي أنا أخبرني myself لا أستطيع أن نرى أرمضان بعد هذا الناس who are living life in Ramadan some of them are not with us نحن نعرفهم they can see the doors of paradise open إذا جاء رمضان فتح أبواب الجنة قل لفتح أبواب النار وصف بك الشياطين the doors of paradise open the gates of hellfire are shut down and closed see locked share in chain جنة تكرير the smell of the fasting person more dearer than the smell of musk said Prophet S.A.W. in the eyes of Allah features making goah everything, the special mercy descending the special forgiveness of Allah all those things the dead people can see those we cannot and they wish they wish that is why Prophet S.A.W. said if a person misses one fast in the month of Ramadan without any value of excuse misses one fast of Ramadan he or she can fast the entire lives but they will not be able to make that one miss fast in the month of Ramadan missing without any value of excuse صلى الله عليه وسلم صلى الله عليه وسلم الحمد لله بالعالم والصلاة والسلام على رسوله تقريبا مراقب الله سبحانه وتعالى يقوم بإمكانه يقوم بإمكانه to take maximum advantage of this month of Ramadan this month of Ramadan is the month of the Quran why is this month of Ramadan so blessed and sacred in the eyes of Allah سبحانه وتعالى because Allah سبحانه وتعالى revealed all the holy scriptures in the full month of Quran in the month of Ramadan in the month of Ramadan why Allah chose the month of Ramadan is his knowledge but Allah decided this is the blessed month the most blessed month Allah has decided for us to take advantage so we should recite as much Quran as possible إمامو حبيثة الحمد لله used to recite 63 Quran in the month of Ramadan 1 Quran in the daytime 1 Quran in the nighttime 30 days and the 3 Quran once you finish how did you get time and Allah says I'm time Allah can Allah controls the time Allah is barakah to whomever He wants in the time and people have people in much of a pleasant area there are people who finish 15-20 Quran in the month of Ramadan they do we cannot majority of us we cannot but at least let's finish 1 Quran at least we get 1 Quran 1 Quran on my mom and 1 Quran in the morning I present you 2 Qurans in the day because people will come with many many Quran in the month of Ramadan finishing the ladies in the time of Islam when Prophet Islam as a young teen most beautiful human being on the face of the world was being auctioned in the slave markets of Egypt a bold poor woman went to beat for Prophet Islam when the kings and princes and princes were coming to beat for him an old poor lady went to beat for Prophet Islam and all she had to beat to beat for Prophet Islam was a ball of yarn a ball of thread in her hand which a woman with her own hands a person has seen and she said weren't weren't even a big use when the kings and the princes are coming to beat for him she said yes I will not be able to afford him but on the day of judgment when Allah we call the bearers use money when you call them on them our names when Allah we call them we call them we call them we call them when Allah we call them when Allah we call them when Allah we call them when Allah we call them when Allah we call them when Allah we call them when Allah we call them when Allah we call them when Allah we call them when Allah we call them when Allah we call them when Allah we call them when Allah we call them when Allah we call them when Allah we call them when Allah we call them when Allah يجب أن يقوم بأن إبراهيم هو خلينة الله. إبراهيم هو خلينة الله هو only the right of the friend of Allah for him to do something for him. دعونا نفعل شيئاً في هذا المنطقة المنطقة. فنحل البيت المنطقة المنطقة.