Good afternoon, everyone. My name is Xiaoping Shen. I'm from Ants. Unfortunately, my colleague Natasha is not feeling well today, so I will be your host today. My colleague Susanna is also co-hosting today's webinar with me. This webinar is part of webinar series co-sponsored by Ants and the Council of Australia University Libraries on Seam of Research Data Information Integrations. Our previous through webinar has already covered the DMP tools, system managing ethics, and the data storage. The recording of these three webinars are available on Ants YouTube channel, and today we will talk about the data publishing. First of all, we would like to acknowledge our co-sponsor, the Council of Australia University Libraries. We would like to thank them for their support. Secondly, we would like to say acknowledge Commonwealth government for their support of Ants and increased programs. So, with that, let me introduce our first speaker, Dom Hogan. Dom is from Siro Research Data Service Support Team, Information Management and Technology site. Today, Dom will talk about the data publishing at Siro. Dom, over to you. Yeah, good day, everyone. Thanks for having me along. So, just to explain the broader context of data in Siro, I have this little slide here from what things looked like about 10 years ago, or maybe a little more than 10 years ago now, and we had about 20 or so. Actually, I've forgotten the count, but we had a number of different, what were called divisions at the time, and each of these pretty much ran their own show. They got their portion of Siro's funding, and they had their own departments, they had their own libraries, and there was collaboration between divisions, and there was collaboration between the libraries, there was a Siro library network, but all in all, there were varying standards of information management throughout the organization, just due to the nature that they were run separately. So, around that time, what happened is that there was a change to the formation of information management and technology, and so this was one service for all of the divisions in Siro, which at the time included IT libraries and records, and that allowed us to take a unified approach to say data storage, networking, computer infrastructure, and so two of the things that came out of this was the publications repository, so we were able to merge our legacy publication citations, and also have a unified approval system for new publications from 2009 on, and we also got working on data.siro.au, which is our data repository. Now, as I said before, with those many organizations that we had within CSIRO, some of them had very high data management standards, and then others had much lower standards, not due to the needs of the research, so bringing in this data repository. Actually, there would have been some organization, some part of PUTs of Siro, that actually felt that they had things pretty much under control, and they weren't really in need of a new repository, whereas other parts of the organization had been really crying out for this sort of thing. So the goals with this repository was to provide consistent access to data, and also version control, so this sort of enables the reproducibility of the scientific outputs, so that you can actually get down to individual versions of what you have. And the other goal there was self-service, so we wanted Siro researchers to be able to just log on and create their own data collections, write their own metadata. Now, that can sound a bit scary, as maybe researchers can be forced to write that metadata. So far, what we've found is that the people who are using it are the people who really want to use it, and sort of they want to get their data out there, and so they usually put the effort in to write fairly decent standard metadata. And there's also an approval system in there, so that the approvers can go through and suggest reviewers, and there's a little bit of peer review that can go on there. And another goal in here was scalable storage. So as we have many, many terabytes or petabytes of data coming in towards us in the future, the way to store it, so that maybe how things were done before is you would have, I'd say, a file server with as much disk space as you could put in there, and file sorted it however they happen to be. And there's an expectation that those files will be available to me right now. I'll be able to get them. But that's a very expensive way to host data, especially when you're getting into the petabyte scale. So what the DAP and what other parts of Sira storage going for is these different standards of storage categories, so that data that maybe need to be preserved, but doesn't necessarily need to be accessed instantly at any given time, can sit on tape, and then when it's requested, it's loaded from tape onto disk where it can then be accessed. And so I've taken this slide from in-corner and Renate Tihouse, who are working the storage area of CSIRO. And this is a bit of a model of their idea of a scientific workflow where in our cloud, what we have here are the various storage categories. And so the researchers don't need to think of the individual machines hosting any of this data. It's somewhat abstracted from them. All they have to do is know what the address is, and then the storage team actually takes care of the rest. So they don't need to migrate between servers when there's an upgrade to the hardware. They can just keep pointing to the same address. And then you have these different storage categories like input. You have the verified work and static. And so they are actually stored on different media that are optimized for different uses. So the static reference data may be sitting on tape and then reloaded later on when we need to reprocess it. And you can also see that the idea in there is that as a project goes on, it would be moving the data through various quality control processes and eventually to publication. And the publication part, I guess, is where the data access portal comes in. But not always. Sometimes it can be a domain repository. And then various parts of CSIRO have their own ways of managing data. But we're trying to move towards having one unified repository that at least catalogs everything in CSIRO. And we're making progress. So the data access portal itself. Now hopefully no one can read this because I realize there's a few errors in this diagram. But what I'm trying to represent here is that the data access portal is not really just one system. It's actually a few systems that play together nicely. So what we might have, I don't know if anyone can see my mouse cursor here. But so without CSIRO researcher, they're entering metadata into the user interface and uploading, at the moment, uploading their data to an SFTV staging server, which is all fairly straightforward. And most researchers get that done without ever asking for any help. And then, of course, you've got a database that stores this data or the metadata and also assesses the data files that come in and records some metadata about the files as well. And then that all gets sent off to this thing called the logical collection manager. And what's happening there is this is the thing that takes in the requests for data or takes in the submissions for data and then decides what to do with it. So if the data happens to be someone's requesting data from TAPE, so we have our research community and they're saying either asking the user interface or the web services interface for some data, then the logical collection manager is going, OK, well, that's sitting on TAPE. I'm going to need that to load that off onto disk here so that then somebody can then download it. And the thing about this TAPE is that the main delay that happens here is that the tapes themselves move data very fast once they're loaded. It's just that waiting for the robot to actually load the tape.  And then I also wanted to talk about some of the other systems that feed into this because what we're discovering is that we're going to need to set up this sort of what we're referring to as the data ecosystem. So the various different services and utilities that interact with each other to provide a broader network of data capability. Now, here I've got this sort of big database store of SAP. That's our organizational information system. Although I believe there's actually more to it than just SAP, so take that with a pinch of salt. But anyway, so that's one system, but it doesn't necessarily present the data for easy use by other systems. So what one of the teams in IM&T have done is create a series of different web services, which just for developers really, I don't think there's much in the way of a user-friendly interface to any of this, that takes information from here and from other sources of CSRO, so like the Publications Repository, and formats that in a way that then any other, say, service or application inside of it can then use. So the Data Excess Portal grabs our business unit information and our project information from SAP, but through these web services. So we don't really need to know how SAP works, we just need to know how these web services work.  And I think a lot of the glory goes to the end applications that wind up doing great things with these, but these basic web services are what support that and enable that to happen. And so then once we're in, so this is just a screenshot of the organizational data coming through to the Data Access Portal. So the user is entering the information, they've selected their business unit and then they select their team. And there's other information in there that goes so you can get project information, information about who the project leader is and things like that. And of course we could integrate more of that in the future. So for instance there's an interface to our Publications Repository, so we would be able to conceptually say, what are the related publications? I think from these, you're listed as an author, that sort of thing. Now another thing that happens here with the DAP is we've got various different research groups that have already got metadata in their own systems, their own databases, and they wanted to put these things in our repository. So these formed pilot projects. So we had a microscopy group that had a very complex database and a lot of information about their microscopy images and they wanted to transfer that over. So they've got their own interface for doing that, which sort of semi-automates the process. So the system grabs the metadata out of their databases and then gets the user to just polish up the record, finish off the complete DAP collection record, and then they have it in the repository. And a similar thing goes on with the astronomy collection, so the first one we set up was the one for pulsar observation. And this represents a very large volume of data that also gets used quite a bit and internationally. So it's been quite a success and they also have very specific information about the radio astronomy data that they have a custom search. And a recent addition to this is the another set of radio astronomy data. This is for the from the Australian Square Kilometer array Pathfinder project. So I have a slide about that now. So this is just a sort of indication of the workflow that really it ends with one point in the data access portal, but there's a lot that happens before this. So I hope these are antennas and eventually there will be something like 32 of them and they transfer a tremendous volume of data to what's called the correlator. In fact this data, the volume of this data is really too big to actually store. It would be extremely expensive to set up a supercomputer that could do that. So what this correlator does is that then compresses that data down into something that can be transferred to the the paucy center and that that data gets processed into what is actually stored. So rather than being I think at full capacity it's going to be something like five petabytes a year. I didn't write the number down, but it's a truly scary volume of data that they're dealing with here. So they crunch this down and then actually store what they're going to store in the data archive. And then they have several different ways of interfacing this. So they have what they call the CASDA application. So that's the CYRO has CAHPS Science Data Archive and the astronomy community generally uses these virtual observatory tools which are like programming interfaces to access the data and they can query the data. And just because you can't really download this volume of data that would be crazy. They use these programming interfaces to just query it for the data they are interested in. But there's also part of that is gone into the data access portal so that people that can just use that user interface there and also search for data and request just the small portions of data that they do want to actually download and use. And then this is another one of the systems that the data access portal interacts with. This one's it's an open-dap sort of threads server and this is just one example of a fairly popular collection we have which is our a hind cast of ocean waves. What they do is they create these net CDF files and the net CDF files have embedded metadata. They have information about what fields they are and we can see over here that we have information about the layer, what the units are in. There's a whole catalog of various different datasets stored this way and the beauty of the open-dap services is that it provides various methods of accessing the data that just by default. So here I've shown an example of the mapping service. This is just a running in my browser but in theory another spatial portal could just link to the data services that run on top of this and then access the data in their own mapping, custom mapping service for whatever purpose they happen to have in mind. And so what we have in the data access portal is a set of metadata for the collection at large and that just points to these open-dap services and at the moment we only have a handful of collections that use this but they are very large and then the hope is to improve this so that any researcher can just point to an arbitrary open-dap server and say this is where my data is and that could include services at NCI or other other institutions. So here now oceans and atmospheres this used to be called marine and atmospheric. Now they have their own metadata catalog for quite some time and they have their own data center with various databases and ways of accessing things and what came up for them is that the new ship the RV investigator is collecting a lot more data than the previous vessels ever did because it has a lot more instruments and higher resolution instruments so they were looking for a way to store this data securely and also minimize the problems of actually transferring that very large volumes of data over the network. So what we do is we grab metadata from their system they can write it still using the way they used to doing things and they transfer the tapes to our system and we can actually just plug those tapes straight into our tape library and it behaves like other depth collections that have already been prepared and so what happens there is that they are able to share that with their university collaborators for the quality control process of the data that comes off the ship and then prepare that into data products that then go public. Now here's another example, Land and Water that's a group within CSIRO and they also have had a very high standard of data management over the years so they have this metadata catalog that they use internally and they use this through the working life of their project so they have a have a files server set up and they have very strict naming conventions on the folders and files and then they as they go they what certainly what they encourage their researchers to do is to write metadata this is just Anselic standard metadata in their system and then what we've done is we've so for this one and for the marine and atmospheric one we've enabled the ability to just basically upload the X and L so this at the moment that's Anselic or marine community profile metadata can go in through here and when that's done so this is just an example of one that's come through so they've that's created the depth record they can move their files in there and make that public or they can just share it with individual people so we have different restriction levels that we can add to different collections so we can restrict access to the files but leave the metadata public or we can leave respect access to even the metadata so there would be some collections in the system that I can't find even as an administrator because I'm restricted from accessing and now one thing I'll just get back to this previous slide so you'll see here that this one gets a DOI and what's we've got some policies around what gets a DOI what does not get a DOI so for instance this one has restricted files we can see a little padlock here in the files and when we click on that we get told up you'll have to log on to access that so this for whatever reason maybe commercial sensitivity or the licenses of source data they are able to share this data what they get is they get a handle instead now we are currently discussing amongst the team about maybe relaxing this so that metadata records can get a DOI there's a little bit of debate going on there but certainly the the researchers would be very keen a lot of researchers are very keen to use DOI as a preference for anything that they site and then this is an example so this is a licensed dataset I didn't want to show one that I can't show to anybody because it's restricted so this is just one that you can get through GS Arts Australia and we've got our own copy in there just available to Syro staff so that they don't have to go download it again and so when we do that we don't get a DOI and we don't handle this is just using an internal ID system and so this this will only show up to Syro staff for long on and then we've got version control so this is a bit of an example of a software collection that's been going through a few different versions and each time a new version gets created if it's a minor update say just fixing a typo then the DOI is maintained so you'll get several versions but you'll only get but you won't get a new DOI but in the instance where the data changes so that this is an actual new version of the software and you can see that there are also subsequent versions that have new contributors to the data so when those versions come through so if they've changed something significant about these attribution statements people in the title of the collection they get a new version and they get a new DOI for each one so what's in the future oh yeah and one thing I have completely neglected to talk about is the development we're doing of a data management plan tool so if we think back all the way to that workflow where we were looking at I'm gonna no I want to get back to many slides the when we think back to that workflow where we have the different categories of storage while researchers were working on their data before publication this is they are starting to collect information about the files and information about what happens to those files as it goes and that combined with the data management plan tool where researchers describe what they're planning to do and how they're planning to store things we would like to get that metadata feeding into depth collections so that they already have things written by the time they actually go to create the depth record and it's less so people maintain that metadata as they go so there's much lower transaction costs as one of my colleagues says when they're creating the metadata rather than remembering everything right at the end another thing we're working on a number of research groups have been very keen on us setting up some features that would support linked data so we've got semantic web features coming up like a persistent URL service which is a generally useful thing what we find is that a lot of researchers would want to get DOIs but they may not really understand the policies around using and maintaining DOIs so they might think of a DOI as just a persistent URL that points at whatever you want it to point at which is maybe more like what a Perl would be so I'm seeing a need and certainly for linked data there's a need to have persistent URLs that you can define the policies around and so having an institutional wide persistent URL service that both the data access portal could use but that any research group could use for tracking any object it could be a person it could be a data file it could be a piece of software and this would lead in towards things like provenance tracking where you can actually identify each thing each part of the process of the research workflow and record this and then that should improve transparency and reproducibility of the research itself we also are looking at vocabulary services because that will be much if for nothing else improving the way we enter keywords into our collections but there are numerous applications for vocabulary and then so the main thing that this semantic web features is not to have say we're going to implement this all in the data access portal because there are parts of CSRO that would like to use these services so things like that persistent URL service maybe its own entity so I think the thing that the researchers are really looking for is the persistence and the reliability that still being there in 10-15 years time and they want so that you know they might be working on short-term projects they may not be able to guarantee that sort of support for themselves but they're hoping that the organization can support that and have that commitment to it and the other thing we're working on with the web services interface is programmatic creation of collections particularly for data collection that is fairly routine so we have say some geologists who are taking a lot of samples and scanning them and they would like to just feed those scans and information about those scans straight into a data collection and that they can then reuse later and so rather than manually going through and creating it each time which is really infeasible at the moment having a program that can do that for you that's what they're looking for and so we're in a testing phase of that right now so I can't get through this without acknowledging the support of the Australian National Data Service who funded quite a lot of the development of the data and also that I took one of those slides from Air Corner and RNA Tie-House from their presentation at e-research last year there is a cost of thousands that have worked on this over the years and this is by no means all of them these are just a few people that I'm working with lately so thank you to them and thank you for listening in do we have any questions? Yes, Dom, we do. There's a couple of questions here What do you use for project IDs? Is there a national service? No, we're just using internal identifiers for projects so this is really just they're probably codes that wouldn't make much sense outside of CSIRO that's why I didn't really go into a huge amount of detail about that so I guess there's certainly four projects that do have that sort of national scope there's no reason why that couldn't be set up but at the moment it's really codes that are sort of specific to how SAP works. There's also a comment from the same person who says that they're pushing ORCID to supply these not quite sure that would work as ORCID is pretty much just a personal identifier as far as I remember. Yeah well that's definitely on the list of things that we're trying to implement so we want to register ORCIDs and because it's an opt-in thing we can't just say hey everyone in CSIRO here's your ORCID they have to actually volunteer for that but yeah we definitely want to link ORCIDs from both CSIRO researchers and external collaborators who are listed into records that those are one of the identifiers that I think would be very useful and so when I was talking about persistent identifier services you know to fill in gaps because there are all types of objects that could benefit from this that might not be covered by an internationally recognized service. The next question is what is the policy you mentioned around DOIs? Is it publicly available? I'm quite sure I'm talking about it. The policy is publicly available or whether the data is publicly available. Okay so the policy on DOIs I'm probably going to have to pass the buck on this but I believe we can share it I'm not sure if we've got it I don't know if I could point to one website that posts it at the moment so I'll either well yeah I'll pass the buck to one of my colleagues if I can get you to take a name down for that I'll be happy to get back to you. She's come back to say the policies that she wants to have shared. Yeah I believe that is actually part of our if Sue Cook is in here you could pass control over to her and I'll give her the voice I think she's got some comments to make about this. She has made a comment that says the CSIRO DOI business rules are on the ANS website. Oh there you go. Okay. Others have asked for lots too so they are on the ANS website. Okay another question is are there are any of the open-dap components available for other research institutions to implement or use? Yeah I believe open-dap I don't think we have a custom implementation of that. That's actually managed by a sort of data services team in CSIRO who I linked to the high-performance computing team so I don't I'm probably going to guess that none of them are in this webinar but yeah as I understand I believe that some open software that they have implemented there so I don't think there's anything special about what we've done. Certainly I know the NECDA or NCI have some threads servers going and I'm sure the Bureau of Meteorology do too so I don't think there's anything particularly novel there. Maybe there's a few implementation details but I can definitely put you in touch with Gareth Williams who would be more than happy to talk about that. Jerry's made a comment, Jerry Ryder who's from Anne, she says with regards to pearls for projects Anne says a service for ARC International Marcy Grants. Okay and I think for the moment that's all of the questions that have come in. Thank you very much. All right thanks thanks Tom. Helen is the UQ project manager of scholarly communication and the repository service. Today Helen will talk about data publishing at UQ. Helen over to you. Hi good afternoon everyone. I was really pleased when Natasha got me to talk about data publishing because here at UQ library we've been trying to build a bit of a solution around that and particularly for the long tail of research data here at UQ. So I have said it specifically about data publishing at UQ library because I'm very aware there are some groups around UQ doing some fabulous work in this space but I will focus very much on what we're doing here in the repository. And so thinking about data publishing really raises questions of why we're going to do it, how we're going to do it, how are researchers going to gain credit for the data that they produce and particularly how they're going to gain credit separate from and in addition to the analysis of those data in publications. So what we're really trying to look at is really how we can build those meaningful connections between publishing the data and publishing the scholarly work. It's actually my favorite part of the data lifecycle, data publishing because it can be both the beginning and the end. So it might be that you're tidying up your data at the end of a project and looking to archive it but if you go one step beyond that I do archiving your work and you really start looking at depositing your data or publishing it and you really are giving sort of the start of another of another project you're really really putting your data out there to become the beginning as well as the end. So there's been talk for a while now about making data a first class scientific output and here in this paper from 2012 they discussed achieving that through formalizing the methods for citation and publication and thereby sort of incentivizing data sharing. I think that's really important when we go around talking to researchers here at UQ is to really make sure that they're understanding that the incentives behind sharing data. If we talk about the data with them about being a primary research output that really starts to click with them and they start to understand more often where we're coming from. Crucially a point of difference which we talk about with them researchers is around archiving data versus publishing data. So if when you archive your research data that can be obviously very beneficial in terms of preserving the data but when you publish it it allows for things like validation and peer review of the data which really enhances science as a whole. So we're going to researchers and talking to them about not only the academic credit that they'll get but also about that the results of their work will be verified by others that they'll be able to expose their data to decide your peer review which to some of them can be quite scary especially when we're talking again like I said to that long tail of research data who perhaps aren't as familiar with this idea as data sharing is on this but that and you know we're really trying to provide a mechanism to ensure the quality of data sets available. So at UQ what do researchers want when we go out and talk to them what is it that we're saying that they want. They would like I think research data archiving so much preserve their research data a way of sharing it a way to publish their research data in a way that treats it as a primary research output and that's crucial I think as to why we've implemented the data publishing infrastructure here in our institutional repository. We very much wanted researchers to feel that they were going through that process of publication in a simple way as they would with their other scholarly work and we do talk to them about peer review and verifiable results making sure their results are validated and reproducible and the idea of getting academic credit but I'm just putting all these words in their mouth I'm not sure do researchers really know that they want that so when we go and talk to people we've done a lot of work in this area and we're very lucky here in the library to have a team of librarians who work in research output services as well as that client service liaison librarians so we're able to go out and talk to researchers about what they actually do want so we did a couple of things we've continually evaluated our data management service since 2014 as well as collected user stories from people so they tell us that the largest ever data sets they work with perhaps on that big you know we are really trying to provide this facility here for people who don't have other options who aren't working in these big big areas which perhaps provide these nice fancy and work clothes for them so they're telling us they're not working with huge data sets but that they have many different types of data that their storage locations for archive data are a little concerning that they will store it on there into the external hard drive or on the computer so we know they want to preserve their data and they want to save it into the future but perhaps they're not they're not sure about how to do that we know that 53 percent of them wanted to keep their data permanently so the idea of data archiving isn't something that they're adverse to they're happy to keep their data permanently but it's taking that next step and actually publishing their data sharing their data that perhaps they're trying to facilitate so these are some of the real user stories real researchers said this these aren't things I've made up and that they want to store their research data in such a way that others can cite it that seems to be really important that they get credit for their work but they need access to institutional repository storage solutions for the data as required by the journals they intend to publish in so we did a bit of an environmental scan recently where we looked at for the past five years everything that uq has published we analyzed those publications by journal and by funder and then one of our data librarians went and dug out for the top 25 journals by productivity so by sheer number of publications at uq and also by overall time cited so you can say by an overall total number of sites for papers in certain journals so we got two lists of top 25 journals one for productivity and one for overall time cited what we found where there was policies for those journals only seven out of 25 in terms of sheer weight of numbers required data sharing still a lot seven out of 25 but in the highly cited or no journal list of the 25 18 out of the 25 had a data sharing policy in place so we know that uq researchers are publishing in journals a huge number of which 18 out of 25 of which are requiring them to share their data so this researcher here isn't the most frequent phone call we're getting at the moment in the teams people who are trying to publish their research data in a journal that's requiring them to deposit their data somewhere and they're looking for a solution to that problem they also would like stats on who downloads their data so that's a little bit more difficult to work through for them but they are interested in who's looking at their data this researcher said they needed to be able to securely store their sensitive data but also share it with other researchers and collaborators so we knew that we had to build infrastructure that made sense to people who had data that perhaps needed to be mediated access this person would needed to be able to permanently store their research data in a way that was open and accessible in order to meet the requirements of a funding agency so as well as then I think UQ's research output by journal requirements we did the same full funding agency requirements we looked at all the funding agencies named on UQ research outputs in the last five years and we found that there are multiple funding agencies that are putting this pressure on to researchers to make sure that their data is open and accessible that's both Australian ones as well as international ones named on UQ research publications we knew that they wanted to store and accommodate all the research data along with everything that goes with it so they need facility to apply data dictionaries, metadata, lab notebooks so that it can be used by researchers in the future so these are all really great user stories to come from our researchers these are really good use cases that we're able to accommodate using our institutional repository and I do think that over the years that we've been here and talking to researchers very much the conversation is starting to change and we really are changing that terminology now so people are beginning to start to talk to us about data publication instead of data sharing the conversation is really I think the start of a culture change here at UQ which is I think very good to see and the idea that researchers should share data to advance knowledge and promote the common good is quite an old idea but in recent years we're really seeing a lot of enthusiasm from them I think because people are starting to look at how they can get that academic credit and how it can lead to very much a conversation around research integrity and an audit trail from raw to published data but then also from the published data to the publication and I think that's where you get very strong trustability and this is what we're working towards is really the idea that data is deposited alongside and at the same time as publication of any school we are put at a time that UQ researcher is publishing a paper that we give them an easy workflow and a trusted system for them to deposit the data that goes along with that publication and link the two things together and really by integrating the data publishing with the other publishing we're giving them real credibility, trustability so it says here in this paper data stewardship is best accomplished in systems and repositories where the custodian has trusted status within their relevant communities and again I think that's why it fits really well in the repository and really well with the library but it also requires robust infrastructure that's quick and simple to use and we first implemented the form which I will show you very shortly in our repository a couple of years ago and it has come through a number of iterations where we've tried to make it very user centric and very straightforward for researchers to use we do want them to do it we want them to deposit the data we want them to describe it so we're trying to make it so that they can use it and be confident that it's a straightforward workflow so if it's going to become part of normal scientific practice it really does have to be easy to achieve so when researchers come and talk to us about publishing their research data we will quite often talk to them about if there's a discipline specific repository because I do feel that those are very, very relevant to certain researchers and we talked to them about instead of archiving their data on their external hard drive perhaps go and use a specific repository like that or we tell them also about UQE space so the fact that they can actually describe their research data in UQE space we talked to them about the idea that data that underpin a journal article should be made concurrently available we talked to them about the fact that we can link that data metadata record with their publication metadata record they can be shown to be related objects and I think that really just they start to really understand then the value behind what we're trying to achieve here we make it discoverable so we obviously send all our research data metadata up through to Research Data Australia and then we also send that through to the data citation index so we're able to track citations of their data sets through that which has been really a key thing I think for people to really comprehend the impact that this can have which is really good so I'll show you a little bit more about how but we have this needs some extra help email data at library so we have a generic email address there which comes through to the team here in the library we're very lucky to have some very skilled and specialist data librarians working here we have I suppose it's a relatively small team but a very dedicated team that work very hard to process these records as they come through and to really have those conversations with researchers articulating clearly the relevant funder and journal requirements that they can use the institutional repository that it's known that it's trusted that it can integrate with the other publication workflows and link to that other related publications or data sets we try and really keep it very research-centric and build them a profile of their data sets we can give them DOIs for their data sets we show them how to license the data set we show them how to cite it and how they should be showing what the people have to cite their data correctly we still find a lot of people just either acknowledge a data set or mention it somewhere in the paper so we're really trying to push them out it's a proper citation and then you know we can do things like if their data is actually stored in a trusted subject specific repository we can link out to that or they can upload their data if it's a fairly small data set they can choose mediated access to their data or they can choose open access so they can actually link to it or upload it or they can just have a contact person so that people that wear the data set exist but they would like to mediate their access to that and we can also add an embargo period if required so if somebody comes to us and says they need 6 months, 12 months embargo period on the data set we can facilitate that as well so this is what UQ Space looks like the home page when you log in and you go into my UQ e-space you'll notice here you can see my UPO options that's something that I'll and admin can see so a researcher starts with the tabs my research possibly my research add missing publication then they have two more options my research data and add missing research data and I really think by having the data sets up there in that prominent along with the publications gives the right message it gives the status of research data as a primary research output so they know they're getting the list of my research publications they know they can claim publications that might possibly be theirs and the system will present those to them but they can add publications as they think we're missing them but they can also get a list of their research data which comes like it looks like this the data sets below are currently attributed to you and people really like this this page but then they can also go to add missing research data set and this is what they get they get it's a fairly simple form and like I said we've gone through a couple of different iterations and we are actually looking to redesign all the forms in each space at which point it will get a bit of a facelift but I think we're pretty happy with the fields that we've got in there at the moment so the person goes in they add a simple amount of metadata not too much all the mandatory fields are up top so they can fill that in and get a lot of that done very quickly they go through and they can add access conditions so this is where they'll tell us if they'd like it to be open access or mediated access and this is where they'll pick a license in terms of access for the data set which we talked to them about in great detail because obviously if you're making your data available online you need to make sure that you're releasing it under conditions that you feel comfortable with and that also allow for reuse so we talked to them about what the different restrictions on the different licenses mean and we talked to them about copyright and whether or not copyright exists in their data if copyright doesn't exist in their data which quite happens the case in Australia we talked to them about UQ terms and conditions which is a very simple thing that says you can very well come to use my data do anything you want with it I'd like you to attribute me so we talked to them about various options around licensing in terms of access just to make sure that they're feeling comfortable I think for some people it's quite a new idea that they're just going to put their data out there online or publish their data online then we go through various things they can upload their work they can add links to the location of data if it's for in Pangea or drive them with their repository for example and then they tick a little deposit agreement that says they're the creator or the co-creator that they're authorized to deposit it they've got permission to include any third party content that it's original doesn't infringe any legal rights and that by depositing it they're granting UQE space a license to reproduce it and make it available and that the data that creators moral rights will be to be associated will be respected by UQE space and then before the records published it checked by one of our specialist research output librarians so every record that comes through every time a researcher says add missing data collection and they fill through the metadata it doesn't go automatically published online it comes through to our team we check very carefully through the record and we quite often will contact the researcher and speak to them about the metadata that they've provided and make sure that it's a rich resource because I do feel if you're publishing data the metadata you provide around it is very important and to make sure that that data and metadata is consistently high standard would be certainly a thing that we have here at UQE library so then you end up with a final record this is a record from the E-FISH genomic database repository they're a great group here at UQE they analyze all these amazing fish and sharks and they get all the genomic information of which they say they use roughly about 3% of the information that they collect and then they're very happy to make the full amount of information available online and you can see here we've got the file actually touched there so people can just download it and we also have a link through to the full text publication so we're making sure that you've got that trail from the dataset to the publication and also to any other related publications or datasets I do think that's the main thing here by popping all this information directly into that institutional repository it's really giving us that advantage and that integration with with other aspects of public publishing which is where you're going to get the credibility I think with researchers this is the second half of the record you can see they pick their creative commons attribution but non-commercial license it tells you about type of data all very standard metadata but enough for you to go off if you're going to try and discover the dataset so in the future here at UQ I bring some of their plans that we have really center around creating more of this research-centric data management infrastructure so we have a couple of different projects on the go at the moment funded by the enhancing systems and services suite of projects I guess you would call them here at UQ they are trying very much to provide this umbrella and university-wide infrastructure that's really going to help researchers sort out their workflows and that includes management and use of the data from the DMP all the way through to storage preservation and reuse so we expect this will tie in very closely with the existing information that we have in e-space we know from our user research that research is required that easy to use infrastructure that's available to them at no cost and that allows for best practice workflows but with minimum administrative intervention so we're not trying to give them an administrative task to do but we're trying almost like John said to be collecting that metadata earlier in the process so that by the time it comes to the end of publishing they're not having to remember everything that they've already got quite a well-established set of metadata by that point so currently at the UQ library we do have a DMP online tool there's no flaw in a metadata from that into the repository and there's no links to storage provisioning there's no links to published record metadata however we are well positioned to capture that information in e-space because we know we've got the the infrastructure I've shown you now we've got that complementary projects around data sharing we know we can do the licensing DOI we can send it through to RDA we can send it through to DCI so we know we're in a good position to do this we've done an awful lot of brainstorming and I like the little bit there on the wall that says can do it's like we know we can do this there's also one that says it's my data I'm not publishing it but I don't believe that one so we really are going to work towards thinking about having an idea of project level minimum viable metadata which can be fleshed out into a DMP which can have other information added to it we really are at UQ trying to look across a huge number of different disciplines and they all require something slightly different and a few of them have different ideas as to what data publishing even is so by keeping this idea of minimum viable metadata at the project level keeping it very simple and that allows I think for as wide as we can possibly get at UQ coverage although we're not trying to go for everyone I'd said at the beginning there are people at UQ doing this really well without us so we're not trying to over arching trying to get onto all of those people but for the people that don't have working systems the new system will allow research project level metadata captured in a DMP to cascade through the data life cycle automatically provision data storage and then we can use that information to publish one or more data dataset metadata records linking back to the original raw data and also linking forward to a set of publications that came from that project level data collection so I think that's a really good situation to be getting into and certainly that's the vision although I think it would be not coming probably I'm going to say 12 months give me a year for this but it's certainly the direction that we're heading in and then I've got a quote here from Vincent Smith who says the power of published data is amplified by ingenuity through applications and uses unimagined and uses unimagined by the origin and distant from the original field without connecting these disparate datasets the true potential of data reuse and repurposing is lost and that's from his paper on data publication towards a database of everything in which he has the idea that perhaps we can I want to say co-iculate everything into one large huge database that can be queried and solve all kinds of interesting problems so I really do think that publishing data is something worth investing a lot of infrastructure you know money a lot of thought a lot of infrastructure into and yeah something we're very excited to be part of here at the library today Thanks Helen we look forward to hearing more from you in one year's time well for now Susanna let's move to the question time any questions Yes there is one there is it possible that UQ can share the list of journals that require data publishing I'm about to start working this out for the journals that I see you publishing and it would be great to have a central repository for this information so yes I'm very happy to share that information yep we did look very specifically UQ publications of me and then slice the data just everywhere we can publish it but I'd imagine it'd be very similar across the university so I'm very happy to share that information that sounds fantastic so what software are you using is the question and we use it's an in-house it's just that what's used to build our institution repository so I do believe it's all open source and online but yeah it's all the in-house development stuff apart from the DMP online which is an implementation of the DCC's DMP online from the UK obviously you're welcome with your brilliant Zealand perfect thanks everyone thanks for your time thank you


Hey guys, before the video starts I wanted to show you all another y'all line up that I found recently from somebody in my discord You guys really really enjoy the last video and I found this one to be extremely powerful as well Especially because you can sneak past the chamber trip that a lot of players like to use in B main This is what it looks like It to hit to hit to there's one of that smoke I'm gonna I'm gonna all this we need this round Yeah, they're both here both here both Nice before before let's show it show it show they're here. They're here. Okay, ready? You want all do you want all of them? Yeah, I'm gonna I'm gonna all ready I hit three before four four four four. Let's go. Let's go. Let's go.  I You see she's gonna push this cages. He's gonna push this cage is careful Let's go Before the video continues, I wanted to talk about today's video sponsor, Valorant Tracker. Valorant Tracker is the best app to keep track of your performance and everything Valorant related. One of the best features in my opinion is their live match infill tool that gives you a full breakdown of all of your teammates and opponents for the current match that you're playing. And you can also locate your stats even beyond the current match that you're playing, such as your weapon accuracy, your win rates, your best maps, your best agents, and more. What I use a lot is their match history tab. It gives you a full breakdown of your most recent matches with detailed reports on every player in the match and I can also see if I play against any familiar faces for streamer reactions in my youtube videos. Valorant Tracker is completely free and you can download it by using my link in the description or the pinned comment below. Thanks for watching and I'll see you in the next video.


Right now we're facing a crisis of international proportion. It's a healthcare crisis, but it's also an economic crisis. It's going to have long-term impact for us. And we're going to see that the biggest impact is actually going to be acceleration of food equality. The systematic way that we have been built is not holding up. The foundation is cracking. Our duties remain the same. The fact that we should not leave anybody behind again. Many organizations have seen what the impact is of a sudden crisis and how we're able to better navigate this crisis today with the help of technology. And that means the reskilling and upskilling of your own workforce. Jobs of tomorrow are technologically enabled, but also extremely human-centered. It's an ability to work with technology easily. On the other hand, with this new way of working and especially remote work, we see that there is a huge need of emotional intelligence. We have really to invest a lot in people to guarantee their jobs, but also to allow them the mobility they need on an ever-changing labor market. Eight out of ten of the young people who are in low- and middle-income countries are going to have to be entrepreneurs. They're going to have to make jobs for themselves. Having creative curriculums and teaching creativity is enabling your learners to have transferable skills, resilience, mastery, collaboration, asking questions why, how, when. This is what they need in order to thrive in any profession which they choose. The moment you incorporate margin-the-night segments of society, it changes. The product offering, it changes the way that we think about supply chains. When you cater to the margins, the positive externalities in economic terms are pretty enormous. It is critical that leadership understand that the burden of responsibility of driving change starts at the top of the organization. So that corporations can give back to the communities, make them more resilient as we deal with these issues around both economic and racial inequality. We need men and women giving the recovery because there is no way we can ever think that a wealth that is lived by men is a wealth that is good for everybody. Now is the moment that we can think about how we use that possibility, the new ideas, the new technology, the new wealth to really create social systems in which we can all flourish. We have the greatest brains, talent, resources in the world. There is no reason that we can't and no excuses that it's too hard or too complicated. Good afternoon from Geneva. We have great guests with us here at the Job Summit and this agenda dialogue series and also hello to all our listeners and watchers. We are still in the middle of a global pandemic, but we're seeing the light in the end of the tunnel. We know in many countries growth is back, but we are also reminded that many countries will, not even this year, see pre-COVID numbers when it comes to the output GDP. Some large economies will by the end of this year have a higher GDP than before COVID, but that's not the case everywhere. This session is really about how we recreate growth and where will growth come from in the future and how to make sure that this growth is creating jobs, decent jobs, is more sustainable than before and also that we will address and have to address inequalities. As I said, the panelists are great, so I'm sure they will be able to give us a lot of insights in where the growth will come from and how to then get out of this crisis. I'm happy to welcome Prime Minister of Belgium, Prime Minister Alexander the crew. I'm also very happy to welcome the Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore, Heng Swee Kat. Also, Minister Nishimura from Japan. He is Minister for Economy and Fiscal Policy, but also in charge of fighting COVID-19 in Japan. And then we have a Minister of Trade and Industry from Rwanda, Bertha Habiri Amana. And we have also here from Switzerland, Thomas G. Jordan. He is the Chairman of the governing board of the Swiss National Bank. Welcome. We have Anila Denage, Minister of Economy and Finance from Albania. Hello. And we have Alan Bajani, the CEO of Majid Al-Futayim, holding from the UAE, but investing in the whole Middle East and other regions. And not least, Rod Shah that is the President of the Rockefeller Foundation, former also head of the USAID and a lot of other things. Welcome all of you. So I think the biggest challenge I know is to make sure that we will have all of you speaking in the next hour and that we can also create some dialogue here. So please, in the response to the first question, if you can then stick to like two and a half minutes, then we'll also make sure that you can speak to each other. I'm also very pleased to have my good colleague, Sadia Sahideh. She's the managing director here at the forum, but also heading our center for the new economy and society and the brain behind the whole job summit. So, Sadia, I know you have huge expectations from this panel and maybe two words from your side before we kick off with Prime Minister De Kru on what you expect and what this session really is about. Thank you very much for the opportunity and welcome to all of our guests online and all of the participants of the panel. We know that there are starting to be more positive projections around a return to growth. But there are some question marks about whether this is really the right form of growth and whether we don't need at this stage a new vision for where growth will come from. We know that in many developing economies, competing on the basis of cheap labor or aspiring to a manufacturing-led growth model may not be the way of the future. We also know that despite the Fourth Industrial Revolution integrated into so many advanced economies, there hasn't necessarily been an equivalent rise in productivity across many of those developed economies. And so as we look towards the future, might we be able to focus on some new markets of tomorrow? The World Economic Forum has identified over 20 markets of tomorrow that relate to AI and data and of course many of the technologies that we're all familiar with, but also hydrogen and electric vehicles and plastics recycling and soil treatment and then finally the social economy. And that is the sectors that relate to childcare and elder care and reskilling and education and genetics and other aspects that relate to people. How might we be able to identify some of these markets of tomorrow and two, how might we be able to get there with the right kind of public sector nudging combined with private sector investment? Those are the two core questions that we want to get into the discussion today. No, thank you, Sadia. You made my job really easy. Prime Minister Alexander Dukru, you heard the questions from Sadia. Where will growth be coming from in the years to come and how can we secure that growth and making sure that it's also more inclusive and creating jobs over to Belgium and Brussels? Yes, thank you and thank you both for the great introduction. Of course, we are looking into growth starting from the situation in which we are which is an economic crisis, but I would say quite a typical economic crisis. We've had the discussion internally. If you look at it at the macro level, who are today actually the casualties of the economic crisis that we're in? It's not so much the citizens. If you look at unemployment, we've seen in the Belgian economy that unemployment numbers have actually not really gone up. It's not really the businesses either because if you look at the statistics on bankruptcies, bankruptcies actually have not gone up at all. One potential casualty could be public finances, of course, because we see throughout the Euro area that debt levels have gone up. But you could say, well, maybe that was the right choice because this was what needed to be done to preserve the economic fabric. What we are confronted with now on the short run, because we see that as you indicated Borges, the economic, we will be at pre-COVID levels of output and of growth by end of this year. What we see right now is supply side constraints and supply side constraints are quite acute. They are there obviously in labour markets and we already see them right now coming out of the confinement. We also see them on the absorption side of investment. Investments have kicked up to a level that was completely unexpected. Also, if you look at the confidence statistics, consumer confidence and business confidence is at the highest level since 2007, quite unseen what we have now. On the short run, if you really want to see the growth and especially the job creation growth, we have some short term, classic supply side issues and we need to tackle that. On the longer term, yes, obviously, there will be some disruption, but from my perspective, there should also be some transition. Disruption, yes, on the technological side, disruption on the sustainability side, definitely. But if there is one place where we don't want disruption, it's on the social side and no one likes social destruction. And coming out of this pandemic, I think this is the last thing we need knowing all the polarization that we have seen throughout European society. So that is going to be, I think, in the medium term. After the short term supply side constraints, bottlenecks that we have, is a transition that is a social transition. That means, yes, a lot of training and especially on the job training, but also on the market regulation side. I know there's a lot of discussion on taxations of multinationals and fair taxation in the digital world. I subscribe to that. I think it's important. But from my perspective, even more important than that is market concentration. And it is market regulation and apply market regulation, which from my perspective is going to be one of the key elements to translate this growth into something which is a social transition. If we want economic growth, this economic growth needs to be one where everyone is able to benefit from and from where everyone feels that it is something fair. Thank you so much Prime Minister. Thank you, Alexander, for that very thoughtful intervention. Let us then move to Asia. This is the year where Asia is getting close to 50% of the global GDP. We know that Singapore, as a very successful economy in Asia, is also very much at the core of the global supply chains. And Prime Minister Dekru just alluded to the challenges that we have also seen on the supply side piece. It has been our strategy that it is just in time, but no, I think we are also focusing on just in case because we also need to have access to different components. For example, when it comes to medicine, vaccination and etc. Deputy Prime Minister, we are seeing numbers also increasing when it comes to growth in Singapore. And where do you see future growth coming from? I think COVID-19 has dealt a deep shock to the whole global economy. But it has also thrown up new needs and accelerated new trends. So addressing these needs and trends can provide new sources of growth and create good jobs. Let me share three suggestions. First, I think our top priority to restore growth and to protect lives is to contain the pandemic. Right now, we are in a race between how fast we vaccinate our people and how fast the virus mutates. The B117 variant, for example, is twice as transmissible as the original strain. So we are really still at the thick of battle. So let's cooperate to share information, innovate on testing and distribute vaccines equitably to programs like COVAX. And I must say that the speed at which vaccines have been introduced is unprecedented. So we must push on with this momentum of innovation. And I think looking into the future, I think COVID is likely to become endemic. And for economic activities to resume, we need innovative measures to live with COVID. Second point I want to share is that COVID has accelerated the digital revolution. And to harness the potential of the digital economy, we need to harmonise standards and allow the trusted flow of data and facilitate cross-border transactions. So Singapore has signed digital economy agreements with several countries. And we hope that more can come on board so that we can keep our supply chain and our flow of information going. And third, COVID has also reminded us of the importance of our biodiversity and Earth's ecosystem. So to emerge stronger, we need to invest in green solutions for green recovery. And in Southeast Asia, it has potential to contribute to a green transition through nature-based solutions for carbon removal. And up to 120 million hectares of land available for reforestation, we can contribute to a carbon removal of 3.5 gigatons a year. So this is around 10% of global carbon dioxide emissions. And a trusted exchange for the trading of carbon credits can catalyse investments in carbon removal. So by the end of this year, an exchange called Climate Impact X will be launched in Singapore. So we must mobilise finance to promote green activities such as green form of energy and infrastructure. And the government itself, the Singapore government is catalyzing this by issuing $15 billion of green bonds. And to access this, I think most of all, we must focus on redesigning jobs and rescaling our people. Because I think with all of these changes going on, jobs are going to be changed in very significant way. And in this regard, workers, businesses and governments all have important roles to play. Thank you. Thank you so much. And thank you for sharing this. And it is, of course, something to think about what you mentioned also that the fact is that the strains that we are facing now when it comes to COVID-19 is probably then double as infectious as the ones that we were facing at the beginning. So we're not out of the woods yet, I guess. And I saw your neighbouring country in Malaysia had to close down in the weekend. Well, it's a problem that is affecting almost everyone. Countries which opened had to close in varying fashion. So we do are in a state of heightened alert. Well, thank you. Thank you. Let's then move to Japan to Minister Nishimura. I know you're extremely busy. You're in charge of the Japanese economy. But at the same time, you're also leading the task force dealing with COVID-19. There is an Olympics coming up. So we're very happy that you could join us. Japan being the third largest economy in the world. Where do you see growth coming from in the years to come, Minister? So happy to see you. Thank you very much. So let me speak in Japanese. Yes. The UK is making the progress for the vaccination. So I think the UK is making its way. But Japan is quite low. So we really want to contain the infection. And then 30% of the population will be vaccinated. So we're very happy that you could join us. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you. I think with the Q&A question that I asked, I think what we need to do is to get to the. Infection. And then 30% of the population will be vaccinated by the end of July. So that we make sure that the Olympic will be held very safely and also safe. And as you pointed out that the COVID-19 really identified a many issues. One is digital. Another one is green issues. and also we will be drawing the power from the private sector to really work together. So I would like to say today is that the growth should be supported by the people because Japan do not have a resources, our resources, the people. Even though we had a success in the past that we shouldn't be biased by the past success. We really have to explore the new frontier. We really have to identify the issues and challenges. So solving the problems by just looking at the challenge but we really have to discover the challenge, hidden challenge and hidden issues. We have to find the talent to do that. Japan is an island and we are not really homogeneous race but it is often said that we are very much closed nation but now we have to welcome the diversified talent in our country. Fortunately, in case of sports, as you know that we have Hideki Matsuyama one in the masters and in the United States, Shouhei Otani, the super major leaders are really enjoying the great baseball games, both batter and also the pitcher and also Naomi Osaka. She won in the US tennis open and also Australian Open. She's in early 20s and all of them are in 20s and Japanese younger stars are very active. And also last year, the startup, over 100 startup went through the IPO since 2007. The UK, excuse me, US is about the 400 startups so that we are almost the same level as those areas. Then traditional companies, let's say Sony, now created the EB and probably know the one of the oldest traditional company, Idemitsu. Again, they have introduced themselves into EB with a startup so that these kind of new waves are coming into Japanese market. Youngsters and also women, I would like to talk about these points, youth, the young generation. Well, in the past we had been based on the seniority system and sometimes mainly men's and male workers in your mainstream, but we really have to change that. We have to really open up the opportunities for young people and also women. And we really have to bring in the changes, especially the woman in STEM, the junior high school, the 15-year-old Japanese female students ranked as a second in the academic achievement. But when it comes to the entrance examination, many of them shift towards the liberal arts and only 17% for the STEM. In the US and in UK, 40% STEM. In Germany, the 25% in STEM, so that it is very limited in Japan who go into STEM. We really have to explore the opportunities for the women. Women in STEM area have to be really pursued in the future and that can really drive our future plans. 28 Nobel laureates in Japan were all male. And in a few years, I really hope that female Nobel laureates will be born out of Japan. So in that sense, the Japanese innovation will be driven by the use and also women and also women in STEM. And I must have created the environment so that they can thrive in the future. Adagato, thank you. Adagato, thank you so much, Minister. And I share also wish for a lot of women, Nobel laureates from Japan in the years to come. And I think you have such an important point when you underline the importance of startups and innovation and incubation when we know want growth back. And remember, if you look at 10 companies with the highest global market cap today, seven out of 10 did not exist 20 years ago. So many of the startups are the future companies that I guess will also dominate in Japan. We'll come back to you, Minister. Let's then, Minister, let's then move to Rwanda. There has been developed economies so far. Rwanda is a successful developing economy, but still a developing economy. We know that of the 15 trillion U.S. dollars that has been launched in stimulus, not happened since the Second World War, only 1% of the 15 trillion U.S. dollars in fiscal stimulus has been coming in developing countries. So, Minister Beata Habiari Mana, Minister for Trade and Industry in Rwanda. I know growth is back now in Rwanda. I think you cope well with the COVID. Of course, everything is relative, but where do you see the growth in the future for you country and for the African continent? Thank you. As you said, Rwanda is aspiring to become a middle country by 2035 and even an upper-cash middle income by 2050. And we think that from this pandemic, we have been learning a lot. And especially in terms of reboosting the economy and creating jobs, we have been focusing on a couple of areas, but I can share some of them we think should be the source of a future job. The first one is that we have seen with this pandemic that the approach for the trade should be through the liberalization. The liberalization, the investigation of trade as a country and also as a continent we fully believe in the African continent of free trade area. As one of the tools which can lead to have these regional value chains and it would take the countries moving from just a national level to really a regional and even a continental value chain. But we also think in the same time that with this pandemic have learned a little bit more and in a speedy way that the way African countries were considered as exporters or producers of what I would call like primary products and primary services should be shifting from that stage to added the value products and added the value services produced in those countries. And it's where as a country, as Rwanda you have decided to go through this pandemic through an accelerator for manufacturing. And when I say about manufacturing, we have been able to learn how to start with the essentials, what I would call like the must have products and services each country should have to be able to satisfy its population. And there it englobes also all the social and healthcare manufacturing. It comes to vaccines. We have learned a lot about through the pandemic and we think that this might be also a source. We have been experiencing it as a country and have been seen for the short term some fruits from those strategies encouraging the manufacturing area and what we are good at, like agribusiness, light manufacturing, construction but also the healthcare manufacturing field. But you also think that by talking about the manufacturing we can't let aside the green industrialization. Though the decision is one key element we fully believe that green industrialization is one of the key sources because we can't use to do the same thing like we did in the past. And we believe that Africa is also in a good position to have natural based industrialization and products. The other point when I would like to share with you is that as we look into a need for policy reforms we also have to think about materializing those policy reforms or having an operational instrument to materialize it. I will just give you an example like in Rwanda we have established what we call Kigali Innovation City which is a mix to use.  It's an innovation city and it seeks to facilitate the development of Pan-African talents from all over the continent and act as a technology innovation hub. And these Kigali Innovation City is housing international universities, technology companies, biotech firms and we think that it will keep attracting technology companies from all over the world to Rwanda to create an innovation ecosystem and further as we wish in our plan to have a knowledge based economy. We think that we can't go without that. We can't go without that. And we believe that not just as Africa but also in other places which are still under development that might be some of the sources I can share with the panel. Thank you. Well, thank you so much, minister. We heard that there is some optimism even if we are very, very sober about the situation. We also are concerned of course that around the corner there can be some inflation pressure. We also know that the world is no more indebted than we have been in a long time. So maybe we should go to Switzerland and to you, Thomas J. Jordan, you're the head of the Swiss National Bank and I guess you might be a bit worried about future inflationary pressure but also the indebtedness but I guess there was no real alternative to a massive stimulus in the situation we were facing. So what keeps you up at night? Well, thank you Borke and Sadia for inviting me to this panel. It's really a pleasure to be here. Well, I will shortly come back to your question regarding inflation and also the debt level but let me say a little bit about possible headwinds for tomorrow's markets. And I believe one point that is really important is the division of labor between the private sector and the public sector. And if this division of labor is not optimal if it's suboptimal that could be a serious headwind. So the good cooperation between the public sector and the private sector is really important. I think it's key for our social, political and economic stability of our countries but at the same time and deeply convinced that the public sector should not run the economy. And we talked before where are those markets and I think the public sector is not particularly well equipped to deliver the next big thing. So the public sector should really concentrate on the framework, on the conditions for the economy but the businesses, the private sector is much better place to spot those important changes and also to identify these new markets. Of course, there is this possibilities of public-private partnerships. They play an important role but they have to design very well otherwise they can be really counterproductive and also limited competition. You heard that also before, the limited competition in the private sector. When I look at Switzerland, how we dealt with the economic crisis, we saw that the private sector and the public sector both played a very important role. The public sector responded very quickly also with I think bigger budget and also with increasing the balance sheet of the Swiss national bank but that was always all largely through the traditional function of the public sector. When it comes really to innovation, technical innovation, the private sector was much better and much more innovative. And a very good example is really the development of the coronavirus tests but also of the vaccines. So consequently, and I'm deeply convinced that that in order to look at these markets of tomorrow, government should avoid pursuing an industrial policy but really let the markets find the new equilibrium. And now let me come back to these economic conditions and to your questions regarding inflation and public debt. It's clear that also macro economic conditions play an important role. So low inflation and stable public finances but also financial stability is very important. So a sound fiscal position ensures that the government is able to fulfill the task all the time and also to react to new shocks. And price stability in my view is also very important. It's especially important for also lowering con groups in that perspective. What is the risk of having an increase in inflation? A big discussion at this moment. Personally, I'm not that worried at this moment. It's more likely to see a temporary increase but not yet really a big concern. But of course, we have to be very attentive to that. And when especially the output caps are narrowing everywhere and several order alluded to that already. So we have to be attentive to that and also see that the public debt remains on a sustainable level. And especially also a certain reaction of central banks if inflation will go up too quickly. So otherwise we will see a big increase in interest rates and that would be also counterproductive for the markets of tomorrow. So let me conclude just again saying that for the markets of tomorrow, we need structural reforms that ensure good framework conditions for firms and especially also foster entrepreneurship. Otherwise, I think it will be very difficult to achieve the objective of inclusive, innovative and sustainable economies. Thank you, Borges. Well, thank you so much, Shamas. I think this is a nice segue into you, Alan Bojani. I guess this is also good music in your ears. The governor of the central bank is underlining also the importance of the private sector here in the recovery. So where can the private sector lead and how can we make sure that the private sector also take responsibility for a sustainable, more inclusive growth when we are recovering from the crisis? Thank you. Thank you, Borges, for having me. And it's a pleasure to be here. And I totally subscribe to what I've heard so far. I think we have a big role to play as a private sector in making sure that we lead the way in terms of the transformation that's ongoing. We all agree that COVID has accelerated so many trends and they have reset a lot of the existing beliefs around the importance of fast-tracking liberalization, opening up to better trade and making sure that we are able to work together as a stakeholder economy rather than continue to drive for single siloed objectives. This new reality is more established than ever. The need for a sustainable economic growth to come back is there. The question is, growth is coming. It's a fact. Is it going to be sustainable? Is it going to be equitable? Are we going to channel it in the right way? Are we going to go? And at the end, they do more of the same. I deeply believe that we have a very important role to play. Different regions in the world have different priorities, although they are facing similar situations. So in certain geographies, we should continue to lead the way and continue to actually put in place the infrastructure that is needed to embrace the fourth industrial revolution to benefit from this acceleration of trends and let go of existing beliefs that have been to a large extent undermining real economic growth. In other parts of the world, I agree with what I've heard so far. We absolutely need to make sure that we are we're getting the right type of growth and we are keeping our eyes wide open in terms of establishing or I would say, getting to the right equilibrium between the private and the public sector and making sure that the new phase of that you are going into, although it has seen a very important or magnified role for the public sector in taking charge, making sure that this intervention is in a lot of way in regulating public life, regulating the economy's more than ever and individual's behaviors. What you can do at what you can do, although acknowledging the big economic impact, is something that you are letting go of and giving back the private sector, its fair share and role as a key player of making things happen and kicking a proper economic growth, making sure that you are reforming our economies to be really businesses that are operating in an environment where we're taking care of each and every stakeholder. It's not just about making money and the business of business is not only making, it's not only business, not only making money. There is more that we need to do and we need to make sure that all our stakeholders are finding what's in it for them in this new reality. Unless we do that, we are going to be less equipped than we have been. And I say, I'm aware of what they say, less equipped that we have been when we entered this pandemic and when this pandemic actually took us by storm. I would not take it for a given to say that, you know, we're better prepared. I wouldn't take it for a given to say, next time we'll do better. We don't know what next time is going to be. But the one thing is for sure, we need to be stronger together in order to face whatever the next pandemic is going to be about. Well, thank you so much, Alana. I think it's an important reminder that we have to build resilience, resilience in coping also with both predictable and more unpredictable crisis. Let me now turn to Raj Shah, President of Rockefeller Foundation and also someone that knows development really well, but also has great knowledge in the field between public and private sector, how to mobilize resources and think out of the box. So in this crisis, Raj, what are your observations? Well, it's great to be with you and I appreciate the prior comments. I think we've heard a number of comments that all illustrate one big point, which is that we are looking at potentially a decade of a great divergence where nations that have had high levels of access to vaccines and immunizations and have had the ability to invest 20 or 30% of GDP in recovery and stimulus in a manner that is fiscally manageable have been able to and will be able to imagine a fairly rapid economic recovery over the course of the next months and years. And at the same time, as we've seen from estimates from the IMF in particular, but also the World Bank, the nations that are lower income around the world that house potentially four or five billion people have simply not been able to do that. They haven't had the access to vaccines and we're seeing big waves of new variants cause significant consequences in India and Africa and Latin America now. They have not, emerging economies have done 6% of GDP as stimulus and recovery financing and developing countries have done only 2% compared to the 20 to 30% that wealthier nations have been able to do. So that's why the World Bank is estimating that as many as 500 million people will be pushed back under an expanded definition of the poverty line. And it's also why we should be concerned that we won't get a climate deal. We won't have the ability to do large scale global cooperation to address the challenges that face us if there's this massive divergence. I think the good news is there are opportunities for both public and private collaboration to come together and produce real solutions. We at Rockefeller have released just yesterday a global vaccination approach that has the support of all the public sector, but also all the private sector partners to achieve global herd immunity by the end of next year which would dramatically change the growth path for 70 to 80 countries around the world. We know that the International Monetary Fund has proposed potentially two rounds of $650 billion of additional special drawing rights allocations. If those are in fact passed through the G20 and through the IMF Board and then wealthier nations donate a few hundred billion dollars of their allocations to developing nations either in concessional lending or grants, we know that that several hundred billion dollars can make a huge impact in helping countries have the fiscal space to invest in a reasonable green and equitable recovery. And we frankly know that we have a major public-private global financing opportunity for the world's multilateral banking system to reimagine how we meet global climate needs through new forms of innovative public-private finance. And so these are the kinds of challenges that are necessary. They're actually affordable now that we know that nations can in fact borrow and spend at a time of deep crisis. It's just important that we approach this with the mindset that we're all in it together and that when wealthier nations start to recover and move beyond COVID, we don't forget that there are 70 to 80 other nations that could become a long-term reservoir of dangerous new variants of COVID-19 if we don't actually invest in some of these global partnerships. No, thank you, Raj. And thank you for your leadership on this. And thank you also for reminding us that the cost of inaction far exceeds the cost of action here as you were referencing IMF numbers that came out the other day, 50 billion investments in vaccination could give a yield of nine trillion. So what are we waiting for? So let's now go to the last speaker and we'll go back to the Prime Minister. After this, first, we do have Anila Denosh, a Minister for Economy and Finance of Albania. Can you listen to the discussion, Minister? We'd love to hear also our comments from Tirana. Thank you very much for this opportunity. COVID-19 has shown to be a major challenge for everyone and for every country's budget. Growth, debt, poverty levels have been questioned. And in Albania, we managed to maintain a good equilibrium, but we need to plan accordingly during this transformation period for a sustainable future. This transformation is driven mainly by technological change in agriculture and manufacturing being the key sectors for Albanian economic development and job creation. Direct and indirect support from government might be considered during this transformation period for SMEs, which needs this more than ever. However, we should not neglect that higher budget allocation for health and social government support schemes is also required. In Albania, there are several new opportunities for the future. First and above most, attracting new, new shoring projects, benefiting from diversification of international value chains and building up regional value chains. We are talking not only in Albania, but in Western Balkan countries for a much bigger market that each of our countries, we are talking about Western Balkan market and regional value chains should not be neglected. In this context, the Albanian government is responding through a set of measures, both locally and regionally, as I mentioned, and for a period that should exceed the next 10 years. Emphasizing innovation and know-how, knowledge-driven development is key. And to this context, I think professional education is a very key important element that we all consider during this transformation period. In doing so, the upskilling and reskilling of the workforce remain crucial. And it is also part of our plans to develop the education system in the next 10 years in Albania in a higher level, including and putting a lot of focus in ICT, as well as creating a lot of support schemes, grants and fiscal support schemes for development of ICTs in the near future in Albania. Further, we are also putting in extra efforts on STEAM education. And these are just examples to say that for us, young generation should have a future that looks towards digitalization in order that supports the transformation of SMEs, but government's role is key. And budget allocation for support schemes for SMEs, health and social schemes, is should be high in the agenda. Thank you very much. So, thank you, Minister. Thank you for that. We have now 10 more minutes to go. So I would like to have some short comments. I'll go to you, Prime Minister Alexander the crew. First, you listen to all the worries, but also some of the aspirations here. So there are also some silver linings, but it's so much that we have to deal with at the same time. So sometimes it feels like squaring a circle. We have to mitigate CO2 emissions. At the same time, we need to have growth. So we have to decouple that. Then you have to have decent jobs, but at the same time, you also have to secure also that there are opportunities for developing countries, but you also need to create jobs in developed countries. So there is really, really a very complex picture that we're faced with. So how do you feel like leading in such a crisis? And where do you feel that the silver linings are? And what are the areas where we really have to avoid making major mistakes coming out of this crisis in the stronger way? Well, it feels indeed like a huge endeavor. But fortunately, over the last 12 months, we've shown that we can tackle huge endeavors. And that's what we did in the development, the production and the distribution of vaccines. What we have done there is something which was unimaginable. 12 months ago, no one would have thought that you would have been able to do this. And we did it and we did it in a safe way. And we did it by having everyone bring to the table what their best at. And that was by listening to academia and using the work that had been done. As governments play the role we should play by providing stability and providing the volume that is required and making space for the private sector. And the World Economic Forum often talks about this multi-stakeholder approach. I think what we did in vaccines is an incredible showcase of what is possible if everyone brings to the table what their best at. And I think that is the golden learning out of the last 12 months. And this is the way how we will tackle climate change. And this is the way how we will tackle job creation in a digital space. And so many other of those endeavors that looked impossible, I think what you did with vaccines, it showed us the way. No, thank you so much. And I think you're so right. We developed vaccines in less than a year. Governments put funding on the table but the pharmaceuticals created these vaccines and also such a short time. I think you're right also about climate change. We have to also rely on new technologies and the private sector in that respect to make sure that we meet the targets for net zero. Deputy Prime Minister, as we cat Singapore, maybe you want to comment on the opportunities and the learnings? Well, I think one point which comes across all these obvious intervention is that is the importance of, I think Thomas puts it very well, that the optimal distribution of responsibilities between the public sector and the private sector. And the private sector is very good at innovation and innovation is a theme that comes across all our interventions. How do we encourage the private sector to continue to innovate the primary solutions? And I fully agree with Prime Minister Dikru that the vaccination story and the speed at which the vaccines will produce is quite a remarkable story compared to the flu a century ago. Now, the other aspect is that the role of the government and I think the role of government in creating the enabling conditions and even in the case of the vaccines, we must not forget that it was the huge investments that governments around the world have put into basic sciences into unraveling the genome into all the basic research that's going on in our universities that enable these vaccines to be developed and in the training of people. So I think that optimal division of labour between the government, which has to invest in basic research education in promoting a basic infrastructure while creating the conditions for the private sector to innovate, to be creative and to organise itself to get the work done is very critical. So I think in this ongoing work, we must ensure that government continue to play that role of building bridges across economies while the private sector can make the best use of these bridges. Thank you. Thank you so much, Deputy Prime Minister. Sadia Sahidi, you've listened to this conversation you and your team has created the whole job summit and laid the foundation for an insightful and hopeful learning full discussion on where the growth can come from in the future and how growth can also contribute in meeting the sustainable development goals and also be helpful when it comes to then mitigating CO2 emissions. So I'll give the floor to you, Sadia, to try to sum up this rich conversation in two minutes. No pressure. So I think one very clear takeaway is that first and foremost we still need to continue to tackle the health crisis. It is by no means over and until we beat this health crisis everywhere, we don't really manage to beat it anywhere. So that is one part that is absolutely clear and calls for vaccine equity came through the conversation. A second element is managing the headwinds and watching very, very carefully some of those headwinds including rising debt, including the possibility of rising inflation and ensuring that we are keeping a very close eye on those risks and managing them. The third element is where do we now go from this era of much bigger government that we've now entered? And I think we heard a couple of different views. We heard that we should not necessarily go down a direction of industrial policy in the way that we've thought of in the past but we also heard that there is a strong role for governments to create the right enabling conditions and be a sort of co-investor along with the private sector if we want to create those markets of tomorrow. And within those markets of tomorrow, there is enormous amounts of potential and possibility and the example of vaccines and how quickly they were created based on the long-term research and development from both government and business is exactly the type of example we need to look to in co-creating new markets of tomorrow. And finally forth, the need for not just the capital and not just the enabling conditions but also the human capital that is necessary for any of this to work and to ensure that this creates an inclusive and sustainable recovery. We will need the right kind of education, the right kind of skills, the right kind of inclusion, the right kind of chairs infrastructure and finally the right kind of safety nets. So that is essentially what I am taking away from this conversation and much of what the World Economic Forum will continue to provide a platform for in the next 18 months in especially to work with public sector leaders and private sector leaders to create national accelerators that address the topics of innovation, jobs, skills and inclusion. Thank you, Berge. No, thank you so much, Sadia. Thank you for great summing up. It has been also a very insightful conversation between the leaders. So thank you all for contributing and we're very pleased that you were able to join us and we're looking forward to seeing you all soon. Thank you so much from Geneva.