Ladies and gentlemen, would you please be upstanding for Chancellor Merkel? Your Excellency Dr Angela Merkel, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany. Frank Lowey, Chairman of the Lowey Institute and Board Members of the Lowey Institute. Your Excellency David Hurley, Governor of New South Wales. Former Prime Ministers Paul Keating and John Howard. Ministers, members and Senators, the Lord Mayor of Sydney, Ambassadors and Consuls General, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen. You might get a sense there was a lot of appetite for seats today. I'm Michael Fullylove, I'm the Executive Director of the Lowey Institute. This is the most important event in the Institute's calendar and we are delighted that you could join us for it. The Institute's mission is to bring international debates to Australia and to transmit Australian voices abroad. And it's been another busy year at the Institute. We've relaunched our flagship publication, the Lowey Institute Papers, now published by Penguin, which addressed the largest issues facing our country. We've published important reports on subjects including the minerals boom, Australia's provincial reflex, our defence challenges, our policies for the Pacific and the new leaders of China, Japan and Indonesia. Our researchers have provided expert analysis on the most urgent issues such as maritime tensions in Asia, the rise of Islamic State and the two Malaysian flights MH370 and MH17. And indeed, our board member Angus Houston, who is with us today, has represented our country very admirably on those issues. And we have hosted leading policymakers, including US Defence Secretary Chuck Hagel, the Mayor of London Boris Johnson and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Ong San Suu Kyi. All this work is enabled, of course, by our financial supporters, including our corporate and government members, the Supporters Circle, subscribers, grant providers and the Lowey family. We thank them all. Ladies and gentlemen, this month Australia is both the President of the UN Security Council and the President of the G20. We are a country with global interests and the Institute has led the debate on how Australia can use these global institutions to further our interests and values on how we can think big. And of course, it is the G20 that has brought us our 2014 Lowey lecturer. Over the years, the Lowey lecture has been delivered by a number of eminent Australians and visitors to Australia, including former Prime Minister John Howard, the editor of the Financial Times, Lionel Barber and the Executive Chairman of News Corporation, Rupert Murdoch. Today we are most honoured to host the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, Her Excellency Dr Angela Merkel. In fact, yes, thank you, please. In fact, Chancellor, when we announced you were giving this lecture, the tickets were all claimed in five minutes flat. All of us look forward to hearing your views on the great issues facing Europe and Asia. Ladies and gentlemen, allow me to call upon the Lowey Institute's founder and chairman, Mr Frank Lowey, to introduce the 2014 Lowey lecturer. In this room and indeed in this country, Frank Lowey needs little introduction. He is the Chairman of Westfield Corporation and Centre Group, the Chairman of Football Federation Australia, most importantly for me, the Chairman of the Lowey Institute. Frank is one of Australia's great philanthropists. It is impossible now to imagine the international policy landscape in Australia without the Lowey Institute, and the Lowey Institute would not exist without Frank. Ladies and gentlemen, Frank Lowey. Thank you, Michael. Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, the Lowey Institute is an investment in ideas. A down payment on Australia's future today is more evident than our investment that our investment is paying off. It is my great pleasure to introduce the 2014 Lowey lecturer, the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, Angela Merkel. Madam Chancellor, it's an honour to have you here with us today to deliver your first public lecture in Australia. Ladies and gentlemen, Angela Merkel was elected as Chancellor of Germany in 2005. After 26 years in politics, she is the first former citizen of East Germany to lead the United Germany. Madam Chancellor, the Second World War had a profound effect on both of our lives. For you, it led to the partition and the reunification of your homeland. For me, as a Holocaust survivor, it was a reason for my immigration to Australia. I appreciate the leadership you have shown in rejecting racism and prejudice, especially anti-Semitism. Our respective Germany has reconciled itself with its history. Both of you in Germany are now seen as leader in Europe. You're on the biggest economy in Europe. Without your leadership during the death crisis, I believe Europe would have faltered. Australia and Germany have much in common. Our armed forces have served side by side. Both of our nations are committed to stopping the advance of Islamic State in the Middle East. We share common interest in peaceful and secure Europe. Madam Chancellor, you are one of the world's most influential leaders. You ensure that Germany's voice is heard loudly on the international scene. One mission of the Lowy Institute is to project Australian voices to the world. Another mission is to bring prominent international voices to the Australian audience. And Madam Chancellor, we are most excited to listen to you today. Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome Chancellor Merkel to the podium. Mr. Lowy, our governor, Mr. Hawke, Mr. Keating, Mr. Howard, ministers, excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, it is a great honor and privilege to be able to give here today the annual Lowy lecture and allow me to thank the Lowy Institute for international politics for the invitation that I very gladly accepted. It's true that G20 presidency actually brought me to your country, brought me to Australia. This is my first trip to this wonderful country. But I think I should say that many Germans preceded me. They came here to this country, fascinated by this huge country in the ocean. It attracts people enormously, also obviously, because it's seen from our vantage point on the other side of the globe, as you quite rightly put it down under. 163,000 Germans last year set out on the long road towards Australia. And let me say that I'm very pleased to see that so many young people use the opportunity to study at universities. They like to use the visa issued by your government on the basis of an agreement between our two governments in order to participate in the working holiday program. And I think that's a very, very good program indeed. Let me remind all of us of the geologists, buttonists, and geologists, Ludwig Leichhardt, who came from Brandenburg, and who already in the 40s of the 19th century in three expeditions explored the interior of the continent. Today's schools and streets in both Australia and in Germany are called, are named after him. And Sydney even has a part of its town that is named after him. So over many, many years, these bonds have been created between our countries. But I think one has to also be honest in saying some of those bonds also well bring us back into a terrible and harrowing chapter of our common history, of which we are reminded, particularly this year, where we remember 75 years after the outbreak of the Second World War, where we remember the break with civilization that was the Shoah, and also the outbreak of the First World War 100 years ago. And it is not by chance that particularly the First World War is called the seminal catastrophe of the 20th century. For many in Australia and New Zealand, this First World War became a bitter reality almost exactly 100 years ago. The first 30,000 soldiers left by ship on 38 ships to be more precise, from Albany to Alexandra in Egypt. And Prime Minister Abbott only a few days ago reminded all of us on the 1st of November in Albany of their fate. And in those battles against Germany or the Austrian-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, tens of thousands of Australians perished on the Dardanelles. And the Western Front, more than 130 were wounded. Year after year, you mark under 25th of April Anzac Day, which brings back painful memories of the great losses incurred during the landing on Gallipoli. This is a very special day of commemoration. Ladies and gentlemen, how could we get to this point 100 years ago, to this point of strife between nations and peoples? And in looking back to the time leading up to the outbreak of the war in 1914, there's one thing that becomes very apparent, namely the lack of communication among the elites of almost all of the European states and the complete failure of diplomacy. There was a lack of suitable mechanisms and institutions to have exchange of views, to build trust. And to show a spirit of cooperation. There was no readiness to accept compromises, no willingness to settle differences peacefully, and also because of the arrogant assumption of military superiority. But the belief that modern wars could actually be limited in nature proved to be a fatal error. What was initially a regional crisis on the Balkan turned within just a few weeks into a conflagration gulfing the whole of the continent. What happened at the time cannot be made undone. But we can, and indeed I say we must, draw the right and the necessary conclusions from this. In 1914, national complacency and coal-blooded military logic brushed aside responsible politics and diplomacy. In 2014, however, we in Europe strived to forge a dialogue and poach settlements peacefully. May negotiations be ever so difficult. The 28 member states of the European Union today believe in the strength of economic, social, and political integration. We believe in the cohesive effect of a community of shared values and in institutions that are committed to the common European will. The heads of state and government of the 28 member states and their ministers have regular exchanges on virtually all topical issues. We see each other, we talk to one another, we know each other. This is how trust is built. And trust, I think we would all agree, is the most important prerequisite for a political cooperation in the spirit of mutual partnership. For quite some time now, the precarious balance of ever-changing alliances among states has been replaced by a European order of countries that believe in rule of law. And yet we have to see that in Europe, too, there are still forces that refuse to accept the concept of mutual respect and of settling conflicts with democratic and legal means, those that put the right of the stronger before the right of the strength of the law. And this is exactly what happened with the annexation of the Crimea. That is a clear violation of international law, and that was carried out by Russia at the beginning of this year. Russia, in this way, violates territorial integrity and the sovereignty of Ukraine as a state. A neighboring state is labeled and seen as part of a sphere of influence. After the horror of two world wars and the end of the Cold War, this calls the whole of the European peaceful order into question. And it is continued by Russia exerting its influence to destabilize eastern Ukraine in Donetsk and Luhansk. Let me remind all of you of Flight MH17, the Malaysian aircraft that was shot down. Many lives were lost among the victims. There are 38 citizens that residence from Australia and four Germans. It is true. This Ukrainian crisis is certainly not an exclusively regional matter. No, it affects all of us. Who would have thought that 25 years after the fall of the war, after the end of the Cold War, after the end of the division of Europe, and the end of the world being divided into two blocks, something like that can happen right at the heart of Europe? Oh, thinking, thinking in terms of theories of influence where international law is violated, this must not be allowed to prevail. And I'm convinced. It will not prevail. It will not prevail even though the road towards achieving that may be a long one, maybe an arduous one, and we may suffer setbacks along the way. The approach that the European Union and its partners are pursuing in order to overcome the crisis in Ukraine serves this goal. First, we support Ukraine both politically and economically. Secondly, we shall spare no effort to promote a diplomatic solution to the conflict in talks with Russia. And third, we impose economic sanctions against Russia to the extent that that is necessary and for as long as they are needed. The overriding goal of this approach is to preserve a sovereign and territorially intact Ukraine that is able and allowed to determine its own future. I'm very grateful that Australia is supporting us in this political approach. We have decided to adopt this approach, not least against the background of the lessons we learn from history. It took us centuries before the nations and the peoples of Europe found the possibility to come to closer economic cooperation and later on to closer political cooperation. The treaties of Rome that were signed and adopted 57 years ago are a clear illustration of this. This simply is a testimony to the conviction of the Europeans that European unification was a matter of war and peace and that it is indeed the guarantor and the crucial guarantor of us being able to hold our own, to promote and respect our values and our way of living and to do economics even in this globalized world of the 21st century. When all of those European countries speak with just one voice, this voice can be heard better than if they do this individually. And this is why they're trying, again, to forge a common approach and to make their voice heard. I always see in my global talks, in my global contacts, that there are great expectations as regards Europe. And we have to live up to those expectations. And how strong Europe is, in many ways, determines how convincing we can be on the international stage and how convincing we can defend our values of freedom, of rule of law, and democracy internationally. So I have to point out to you and admit that, economically speaking, these past few years were very difficult. They were characterized by the global financial economic crisis in the years 2008 and 2009, which see almost seamlessly into the European sudden debt crisis. We have been able now to put that crisis under control, basically, but we have not left it completely behind us. This means we have to stay the course, be consistent about this. And that means we need to consolidate our fiscal policies. We need to use freedom, the sort of leeway that we have in our budgets for targeted measures to boost growth. So we need to launch structural reforms in order to ensure more competitiveness. And for those countries that are united in the eurozone, economic coordination needs to be strengthened very significantly. So in a way, that was something that we did not do sufficiently when the euro was introduced. And we have to do this now. We have to correct this error. In the June of this year, the European Union, for the first time, agreed on a so-called strategic agenda that will be rolled out over the next five years. We concentrate here on the most important challenges that we face in the next few years to come. And we underline that the European level should not be duty-bound to look into each and every detail, but that we should concentrate our strength on what is most relevant, and we need to pull our resources. In trying to boost competitiveness, growth, and create employment, it will also always be important to turn this European economic and social model that combines economic success with social and also environmental responsibility into something that can be successful in the long run. That is a great challenge, particularly looking at the very strong global competition that we face. And we Europeans are more than aware of the fact that the world is not waiting for us. We see, if we look around us, that there are ever newer and ever stronger rivals resurfacing on global markets. Let us just look towards the Asian Pacific region, for example, here. The countries of that particular region have a share of almost 40% of the global economic output. A third of the exports globally come from this region, almost as much as from Europe. And their growth, with an average of 4.8%, is among the highest worldwide. China, India, Indonesia, among other parts of this region will have an ever more important position in the global division of labor. And obviously, they will throw their political weight around much more than in the past, for example, in the grouping of the G20. But Europe is not only very closely intertwined with Asia. We are economically speaking. We're also looking at the security developments in the Asia Pacific region. Let us only think of the nuclear program of North Korea and the territorial conflicts in the East and South China Sea. Asia is the only region in the world that has continuously increased its military expenditure ever since 1988. In 2013, military expenditure alone has increased by 3.6%. So apart from that, one also has to see that the political and economic development in the Asian Pacific region is not sort of taking a linear development, but simply because those countries and societies in this region are too different to heterogeneous in nature and their historical experience is so different. A road towards achieving open and pluralistic societies may be a very steep one, and it may be a very stony one, but it promises more stability long-term. And wherever Europe can help support countries traveling down this road, we were glad to do so. We can use the fora in which we already have a very close dialogue. We, the Europeans with the States of Asian Pacific region, for example, the ASEAN Regional Forum, the East Asian Summit, all the ASEAN Summit that was recently held in Milan. We are guided by the interest to see to it that this rise of the States of Asia happens peacefully and without any sort of sharp ruptures. ASEAN can play a central role here. This association of states has indeed pursued a policy of integration through, including economic programs and to fostering economic integration. And the aim is that the ASEAN Economic Cooperation and Association helps those countries among ASEAN that are economically weaker. And to pursue this, Germany and the European Union will support this development, freedom of trade, the perspective of a common market will bring states together. And this is something that we've seen in Europe and we've seen it in Europe ever since the European Cold and State Community was turned into the European Union. Obviously, we have very different histories. We have very different backgrounds, very different political and social foundations and experiences in ASEAN and the EU. So that does not overdo it with these comparisons. But ASEAN and the EU share a willingness to come to dialogue, cooperation and integration. And I think it will be of great benefit for smaller and larger partners to participate in multilateral processes. Essential experiences or inexperience of such processes is that bigger countries have to be ready to compromise. More of a spirit of compromise actually is expected from them. And transparency and a regular dialogue may well go a long way towards avoiding misunderstandings or conflicts because cooperating in multilateral processes and coming to agreements of the basis of international law will achieve that. Transparency, predictability and trust. And this can lead to possibilities of settling conflicts, for example, maritime territorial disputes here in the region. In order to come to lasting solutions, I think it's most important to use for us such as ASEAN and to overcome differences, for example, on the basis of maritime law. All sides are called upon to carry out confidence-building measures in order to avoid an escalation of, further escalation of matters that will then be unpredictable. This is not a purely bilateral or regional issues because after all, maritime routes are linking our region with your region. So this is why this affects us in Europe also quite directly. And we have joined interests looking to the stability in other regions. The geopolitical situation right now is highly critical, one in quite a number of parts of the world. I mentioned Ukraine, but we are also gravely concerned by the situation in Syria and in Iraq. The terrible disease of Ebola that currently afflicts broad swathes of West Africa and that is increasingly gaining a global dimension and can only be contained through international efforts and that's going to be quite a tour de force also has to be mentioned in this context and it has indeed been part and parcel of the G20 agenda. We must not leave those suffering people alone for humanitarian reasons but also because of a well-reasoned self-interest. Globalization is no longer merely an economic phenomenon. It has turned all of us into neighbors. More and more countries see themselves facing the same kind of challenges. And for Europe and Germany it's most important to have a partner in Australia here in this Asian Pacific region that shares the same values that we have. Universal human rights, basic rights, rights of freedom, democracy and rule of law. We have engaged in international missions together in the UN peacekeeping missions in Afghanistan or in missions to defend ourselves against the terror of IS in Iraq and in Syria. It is basically due to these steadfast efforts of Australia in the UN Security Council that even without the consent of the Syrian regimes, humanitarian goods for the suffering people in Syria could be delivered to the region. And it is also due to Australian efforts that the sanctions of the United Nations have been, could be implemented more effectively. In all of these questions, we consult very closely with each other and coordinate efforts also together with our transatlantic partners at the time. In 2012, for example, the then Secretary of State Clinton and then high representative of the European Union Ashton brought about a cooperation on foreign and security policy issues in the Asian Pacific region. We do all of that in the conviction that peace, freedom and stability are the basic precondition for cooperation in a spirit of partnership, political, economic and social progress can be achieved in this way, progress that is in the interest of all. This goes, for example, for common efforts to promote free trade, open markets and the same treatment of domestic and foreign companies as regards their competitive position. Pulling all of our efforts in order to bring about a solution to the issues of climate change is also important. If we do not put a break on climate change, it will have devastating consequences for all of us. There will be more storms, there will be more heat and catastrophes, more droughts, there will be a rising sea levels and increasing floods. Climate change knows no borders. It will not stop before the Pacific Islands and the whole of the international community here has to shoulder a responsibility to bring about a sustainable development. In the European Union, we have agreed upon a reduction of our greenhouse gas emissions until 2030 by at least 40% compared to the base year of 1990 and until 2030 we want to increase the share of renewables in our overall consumption to at least 27%. So we put on a very important marker in the run-up to the UN climate conference in Paris in 2015 for international climate protection. Our ambition is to come to an agreement that is binding for all states. Only in this way can global warming be actually limited to two degrees Celsius. So all countries are called upon to announce their national contributions for this world climate agreement until the first quarter of 2015 at the very latest. Only in this way we will be able to prepare the conference in Paris in an appropriate way and be able to achieve a substantial result. There are a lot of bombs that unite Australia and Germany. They are manifold, they are strong, but because we know that good things can always be improved upon. Prime Minister Abbott and I decided to set up a bilateral advisory group which we hope will give further impetus for our political, our economic and our social cooperation. So Germany and Australia, seen in this way, are much closer than perhaps looking at a global map may believe us to think. So let us use this closeness, let us use this partnership, let us use these very close bonds between us to the benefit of our nations and our peoples. Thank you very much for your attention. Well, Chancellor, thank you for a very rich and important lecture. You covered the field from Asia to the economy to climate to Ebola to the bilateral relationship between Australia and Germany. We have about 25 minutes or so for questions. I'm going to kick off with one and then I'm going to go to the audience and give people an opportunity to ask Chancellor Merkel a question. Chancellor, let me ask my first question on the first subject that you spoke of and that is the issue of Rutger. When the Berlin Wall fell, you were a physicist in East Berlin. Vladimir Putin was a KGB agent in Dresden. No Western leader knows Mr. Putin better than you and in fact we read in this morning's press that you had several hours of bilateral conversations with Mr. Putin in Brisbane. This is my question. How can we influence Mr. Putin? In the last few months, there's been a strong program of sanctions against Russia and yet, as you know, Russia has an endless capacity to suffer. This is German technology. Yeah, but take it away. Take it away. No, that's okay. So, Chancellor, when we were talking about Mr. Putin, no one knows Mr. Putin better than you. How do we influence Mr. Putin? Given that the sanctions seem only to have driven up his popularity, what is the best combination of carrots and sticks to influence Mr. Putin? Well, first of all, I think I should say that I did not know Mr. Putin when he was still active in the GDR, but we have made our acquaintance in the time after the German reunification. Secondly, I think what we basically need also in the 21st century in order to get to be successful politically, we need to have the necessary patience for an uphill battle. If one had, for example, said that well, this is now the situation, what, with Division of Germany, we have to accept that, then we would have made a great headway in the Cold War. I think you have to be patient, you have to believe that you are right with your policy, whether actually you have been right in choosing that particular policy is something that only history will tell later on. So we have this commemorative year. Germany basically concentrated on holding all of these commemorative events to talk about the past, and all of a sudden we see ourselves confronted with a conflict that, if you like, affects the very end. It seems to be an attack against the very heart of our values. So we can obviously not go on giving speeches of a commemorative nature. We have to prove that we've learned something from the past. And since you cannot make any safe predictions as to the future, it's not all that easy to find the right course of action while we know that you cannot and should not be too peaceful. You should take it seriously when somebody sort of fattens you or to keep a very close eye on the actions of others. And we know that even small conflicts may very well turn into bigger complications very quickly. So we drew the conclusion from the past that this conflict cannot be solved by military lean means because that would lead us into a conflict, a military conflict with Russia which would certainly not be limited in geographical nature. On the other hand, we cannot say because we cannot solve this militarily, we cannot solve it at all. So what sort of instruments do we have at our disposal? Well, we have economic strength and we're called upon to also then incur certain disadvantages to accept certain disadvantages for ourselves due to these sanctions. But I think economic might, economic power is one of the 40s that we have as Western nations and I think we ought to use this in itself. And the question now is how long do we have to wait for this to take some effect? My personal experience from the history of the German Democratic Republic is that one should not lose hope too quickly. There have been radio broadcasts telling us for 40 years that the GDR will not survive in the end but in the end even they had given up hope on the collapse of the GDR and when almost everyone had lost hope, it happened. And there were always some who always held faith. If you think, if you look at the quotations who in the 90s said what about the fall of the war or the fact that the war was very solid about the division of Germany what would happen, there were very few who later on were proofed by history. And well, if our popularity is increasing well then it increases. If we don't believe that our policies in the end will turn matters to the right cause then maybe we shouldn't give up on it but I have a feeling that the basic direction is the right one. The biggest danger is that we allow ourselves to be separate to be divided, that the wedge will be driven between us. So it was in Europe and in the world so it was so important for the US and Europe to pursue the same course for a very long time. This is not always easy keeping 28 states together or coming to decisions among those 28 states are quite often much, much slower than for example in American present in the decision making process or congress and the American present has always said clearly that we need to do this together and I think that's absolutely correct and we have to pursue this policy further. Thank you. Just a quick follow-up on that issue. How do you respond to those critics of the western policy who say that the west created Mr. Putin in a way by expanding eastward into the Russian sphere of influence? Well that's the question. After the end of the court war in Europe there are a possibility for people of a country to determine their own future what they want. If the majority of people in Ukraine were to decide that they want to be part of the Eurasian Economic Union with Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus if they nobody in western Europe would have lost much sleep over starting a conflict with them with the European Union border and we would have said okay, if you so wish, do it but if on the other hand people in Ukraine decide and the majority decision to agree on an association agreement with the European Union well you're faced with the question should we tell them no you're not allowed to do that then because we all are heading for a lot of trouble we have to keep quiet about that and and quite frankly in 2008 I think during a NATO summit meeting in Bucharest I very clearly and forcefully spoke out against and this was against virtually all other NATO member states I spoke out against I mean the federal government not I personally but in my capacity spoke again spoke out against Ukraine getting a membership action plan therefore moving one step further to NATO membership because I said at the time and I would say again as regards NATO that that is a different kind of qualitative issue and at least we have to be very careful if you talk about a trade agreement or an association agreement with the European Union I think it is simply not acceptable to forbid a country its free decision it's difficult enough with NATO a number of people have a different opinion but on this issue it has to be possible on this trade association agreement now I don't think we should point accusatory fingers at us even President Yanukovych Russia friendly always tried to negotiate with the European Union this particular agreement if we accept that then we have to say while we are too weak we cannot accept further agreements of this kind we have to first ask Russia whether they are allowed to do that which was the situation 40-50 years for 40-50 years and I didn't want to come get back into that situation and this is not only Ukraine this is also about Moldova maybe even Serbia the Western Balkans the Baltics and this I think cannot be reconciled with our values it's not compatible Ladies and gentlemen we are going to take some questions from the audience there are low institute staff around the room with microphones I will indicate who has the call can I ask you to wait for the microphone can I ask you to tell the Chancellor your name and affiliation your question please help the Chancellor's interpreter by speaking clearly and please keep your question brief so that we can squeeze in as many questions as possible so please indicate by raising your hand if you would like to ask a question I saw Jim Spiegelman if you could just wait Jim for a microphone Jim Spiegelman I am on the Board of the Low Institute are you concerned by the drift of United Kingdom what will you see towards Europe and if so how do you see that developing well I hope that this drifting away will not happen let me say you're never well advised when you only listen to your concerns or your worries I'm doing everything I can in order to see to it that the UK remains a member of the European Union for very good German reasons what the British decide to do is something that they have to decide for themselves and they will certainly not listen to what others have to say on this but it is most important for us to have the United Kingdom in the Union because it's a country that is open to the rest of the world it's an innovative country towards the US and also to your region as the other continental Europeans and this is why we need Britain we need the United Kingdom so as not to forget the UK is helping us that we don't lose sight of what's happening in the rest of the world we continental Europeans sometimes think that if we only look at ourselves sort of on average we're that sufficient it's helping us not to see it in quite this way so I'll do everything I can and I hope that we will be able to persuade them to remain members of the European Union I mean so far I start from the assumption that they will remain in the Union you know that the British seem to tend towards very close kinds of votes as they had with the Scottish referendum we'll see how it goes over here yes sir Madam Chancellor, Nicholas Kearney from Herbert Smith Freehills Madam Chancellor you played a fundamental role in the European debt crisis over the last couple of years could you explain what lessons you think have been learned in the event that there is another crisis or there were to be another crisis in the coming years well one lesson we've learned is that we have to be careful that we are not too much in debt that's something incidentally that clearly came out of the T20 summit meeting that the European Union countries as a whole have a fairly high debt level if you look at the countries that share Western values including Japan for example the United States of America we have relatively high debt levels, Australia I think is doing much better there many developing countries or rather emerging economies are also doing better in this respect and if we look at the fact that many of us are aging societies have very clear demographic problems to contend with that exacerbates that particular effect we have to abide by those agreements that we have entered into in Europe on deficit criteria and bringing down the level of debt for too long we have pursued a policy where we allowed each and everyone to pursue their own economic policy but when you have one joint currency we have one ECB we have 18 different banks we have 18 different economic and fiscal policies and this will not go well in the end because after deciding on the common currency was also a decision for more integration you cannot allow one country to spend 2.9% on research and development and another one 3.5 there needs to be some consistency, some convergence if you have too much state expenditure in one country and not enough in another country in the end you will not bring this together there must not be a further drifting apart here there can be some leeway but not too much drifting apart in order to learn those lessons and then implement them while we still have a long way to go because national parliaments tend not to be all that enthusiastic about listening to recommendations from Brussels how to set your legislation but in the long run this is something that we have to accept and it is a lesson that we are currently having to learn then we made two qualitatively important steps one banking union all of the systemically relevant banks in Europe and now subordinate to the supervision of the ECB that was a gigantic step forward and the firewalls that against subordinate crises were made very high by giving guarantees to other countries that too was a clear illustration of our willingness to defend ourselves against pressures from the financial markets so that means that we are quite well equipped to deal with those issues in the future but let us assume to do all this in the end we still have to see to it that it's not the slowest country in this group that actually sets the pace because we have to look at global competition Australia will sign a free trade agreement with China that's a huge thing today then TPP the negotiations there are making enormous progress we look at the very long drawn out and arduous process on the negotiations of TTIP the transatlantic trade agreement looking at what you're doing here encourages me even more to speed this up because otherwise we will simply be cut off from the developments in the rest of the world Chancellor just on that issue of China you have taken a personal interest of course in Germany's relations with China and here in Australia we spend a lot of time asking ourselves what does China want from your experience with Chinese leaders what do you think Chinese leaders want in terms of a regional and global role for their country I think China very clearly has the ambition to actually go back to 2000 years of a successful history they were used to for more than 1,800 years have the largest share of global growth in history and now from a Chinese vantage point they add 200 week years and the current Chinese leadership sees itself in a great continuity not to look at the last 200 years but at the period before that where they were so successful and China will do everything to get back to this formal schedule you have to grant them that they have been able to overcome huge disparities and poverty in the country if you think of how people lived there in really dire states in very difficult circumstances and now are quite prosperous at least living the standard of a middle class and that's an enormous population we have very interest in seeing China stable it's a nuclear power it has a huge population and it will obviously because there will be prosperity there will be a very attractive market step by step China will also become more active in which for example so far they have participated always securing trade routes basically that they are interested in China looks at countries also smaller countries with quite a degree of respect I mean the Chinese present will not only come to Australia he will also go to Fiji islands and that shows that also in Africa also in combating the Ebola crisis so step by step they want to become an international player global player and the Chinese American relationship also is of tremendous importance in this respect so we'll see in the end to what extent China is actually capable of gaining respect and affection by the others in the region I mean if you look at Vietnam Malaysia Philippines and others in the region you see that they are looking with somewhat wary eyes on these emissions and China will have to solve this conflict in such a way that the ambition that they themselves have to come to a harmonious kind of coexistence that they will live up to their own ambition in dealing with their neighbors the Chinese present has very clear ideas about the ties that he wishes to forge in the context of the continental Silk Road and the maritime Silk Road very interesting the way that they think there's ought to be this kind of arc uniting them with Europe they were also very active in working for the survival of Europe because they're interested in multilateralism with its currency will gradually becoming competitive globally so we talked about the quota reform for example in the IMF the question to what extent the share of the emerging economies will increase the American Congress for years has not been able to decide this and this leads simply to a situation and it's actually similar to the question of the replenishment of the capital base of the World Bank this leads to a situation where these countries where China is in a position that Shanghai group is a brick project of having their own development bank and we from the vantage point of the western countries and here I see Australia and Germany as partners in this endeavor we have a very great interest in not seeing ourselves confronted by a totally fractured global community but to see that these alliances, these groupings that have proved themselves over the years that they are to be continued and very concerned about these parallel developments that are happening here The next hand I saw was here Yes, Madam Good morning Chancellor thank you very much indeed I should say first I'm Jillian Triggs the President of the Australian Human Rights Commission thank you for putting the rule of law and democracy and human rights really at the center of much of your speech I wonder if you could tell us a little about how you see investment and business at the global level being employed to promote human rights thank you so there are good aspects and there are difficult aspects about this obviously we talked about sanctions right now with Russia we talked about the question we can also talk about the question of human rights in other parts of the world I think trade exchanges can really create openness you get to know each other you change something in the country that you trade with so per definition that country becomes more open it needs to become more open it needs to address the interests of other cultures and civilizations and I think that's conducive to fostering respect for human rights certain cases of human rights all of a sudden become known insulated now if you don't trade you don't know who is actually imprisoned there for example one of the drivers of German unity has been that there have always been or was that there were journalists there were human rights organizations that were interested in what happened actually to the dissenters and activists in the German Democratic Republic so trade openness is always good but then obviously certain countries quite often if you're only talking about human rights all the time then you're not also the favorite trading partner that's what some people may think but I think that is something that we mustn't allow ourselves to sort of be played off against those interests we mustn't allow a situation where those who address human rights more often are played off against those who don't so that there's a if you like that's a task we have also as members of the European Union it's always very good when you're strong economically speaking and when you're not too dependent economically speaking on somebody else if in the end globally you depend on the whole of the financial community and the financial markets for giving you credit because you have such a high seven debt level you are no longer independent I always am then under the influence and I cannot always think that others will sort of be friendly and accommodating whenever you incur debts you have to understand that then you'll be holding to somebody else speaking of playing off other states against each other can I ask you about the western attempts to prevent Iran from gaining a nuclear weapon how confident are you that international solidarity can be maintained in such a way? I think that we've achieved quite a lot here particularly also because the United States of America have been very stringent in their approach to it and very consistent but it's true we have great difficulties for example to persuade China and Russia to follow suit and after all the effect will only be felt once the UN Security Council is taking a decision and Russia and China are in on this and it's not in the Chinese interest something we've addressed continuously with them for Iran to get a nuclear weapon this is why the Korean talks the talks with North Korea are so much supported by China this is why there are the Iran negotiations with China it's important because the bigger the share of China in the global GDP the more ineffective sanctions will be in which China is not participating one has to say that Chancellor I'm going to ask you one final question if I may you may remember candidate Barack Obama visiting Berlin in 2008 and one of the things he said then through progress requires allies who will listen to each other it turns out that in the case of Germany the national security agency took his comment literally as you found out how should western countries strike a balance between on the one hand collecting the intelligence that guarantees our security and on the other hand not engaging in overzealousness that damages important relationships with friends Australia is among the group of 5Is a somewhat privileged partnership of cooperation but Germany too has obviously very close contacts with the American intelligence community or the intelligence services of the 5Is countries we need this cooperation and all of the events surrounding the snowden case have taught us that there are different appreciations or different attitudes towards to what extent one ought to collect data I think that has a lot to do with how individual countries see basically this rapport between security that needs to be guaranteed by the state and individual personal freedom maybe somewhat different in the states than it is in Germany in Britain maybe different from how we look at this matter in Germany that's something we have to accept there is also however a domestic debate in the states about this issue there's one thing I don't share one view I don't share is a disagreement here with the United States I think that the political class in Berlin if I may say so doesn't need to be monitored by intelligence services in order to find out what they're actually thinking just go for dinner with them go for lunch with them or read the papers and you know 99.9% of what they actually think so I thought that this was quite a futile kind of exercise and if I see that in the states people tell us it's always nice to know the negotiating position of a partner one day before the negotiation I'm not able to survive without this because I think if you know each other well all of these things are fairly predictable so I think it's wrong to actually concentrate too much on certain things that you can't find somewhere else and then cause this level of irritation on the other hand let me state very clearly that a promoter cannot be ensured without cooperation with international intelligence services because terrorism after all is not fiction it is a very real and we cannot sort of defend ourselves against this without cooperation with the services and this is why the United States of America is and remains the most important partner to us Chancellor we could listen to you all morning but we know you have other appointments it's been a treat for us to hear you speak today I owe you a personal thank you for the great work you've done in technology that you gave me at the beginning thank you ladies and gentlemen it is said that Henry I don't know whether it was a test about my physical capability I was a theoretical physicist it's just another advantage of having a scientist who goes into politics Chancellor ladies and gentlemen it's said that Henry Kissinger once asked in frustration if I want to call Europe who do I call I would say that if you want to call Europe call Angela Merkel ladies and gentlemen thank you for joining us today we look forward to seeing you at Bly Street soon let me put a personal thank you into all my colleagues who've worked so hard over many months to put this on we are a small organisation with large ambitions this is a big event for us and I thank my colleagues for pulling it off with such a plumb but most importantly Chancellor on behalf of my chairman Frank Lowey and everybody here thank you very much very warmly indeed for delivering the 2014 Lowey lecture and for taking our questions Duncan Schoen ladies and gentlemen can I ask you to remain in your seats until the Chancellor and her delegation have left the room and one of my colleagues will come up to tell you what to do next thank you very much


Welcome friends We are going ahead with our series on gems of geometry and in this theorem. We are going to discuss One important property about pedal triangles and it is the third pedal triangle is similar to the original triangle That's the theorem and we are going to prove that before we You know get on to the proof. We would like to discuss Something about pedal triangle just a recap most of you all already would be knowing what pedal triangle is But just for a quick recap a pedal triangle is nothing But if we have a triangle and a point within the triangle So let's say this is a triangle and a point Let's say P and if you drop perpendicular on the three sides then The foot of the three perpendicular if you join them the triangle you obtain is called a Pedal triangle is it so that's what our learning has been so this is so ABC was a triangle and BEF is The pedal points What are pedal points foot of the perpendicular? Dropped from an internal point P on the three sides Those are pedal points and you join the pedal points you get a pedal triangle Now you can see that this point P Is lying in inside the pedal triangle itself So I can draw another pedal triangle with the same point P By dropping three perpendicular and keep on repeating this process So if you see this is this one is the first pedal triangle and This one is the second pedal triangle and if you keep on repeating the process Again, you drop a pendiculus. Let me do a little bit of zoom in Drop a pendiculus and join Yep, you'll keep on getting pedal triangle. So that's the Discussion here. So the theorem suggests that the Pedal triangle drawn for the third pedal triangle drawn will be similar to the original triangle. Okay, that's the theorem. Let's try and Prove this theorem. Okay, so how to prove this theorem. So all of us know that if these A1 B1 C1 are The pedal points for the first triangle, right? So you can see A1 here is A1 B1 C1 are the pedal points similarly A2 B2 C2 A2 B2 C2 are the pedal points for the second triangle. That means A2 B2 C2 is the second pedal triangle Similarly A3 B3 C3 is the third pedal triangle. So just to declutter the diagram we have removed The solid lines joining a A1 B B1 C1 and all so that you know you understand or the diagram looks a little neat But a A1 is 90 degrees. Okay, so keep it in mind Similarly B B1 is also 90 degree though It might not appear in the figure but B B1 if you join you'll get 90 degrees similarly C C1 and all these Point P to any pedal point will be a perpendicular. Keep this in mind Now let's see how to prove The two triangles are similar which two triangles are we anyways targeting triangle ABC is definitely one and Triangle A3 B3 C3 A3 sorry A3 subscript A3 D3 and C3 these are the three two triangles We are going to talk about and we are going to prove that these two are similar How do we know that two triangles are similar? We know that the criteria is Corresponding angles are equal than the two triangles are similar. Isn't it? That's the basic criteria for a triangle and so hence We need to prove that angle A is equal to angle A3 and angle B is equal to angle B3 and Angle C is equal to angle C3 if we somehow prove this Then we are done. Let's try and prove. So let's try in Look at points P a Let's look at P a B1 Okay, let's look at points he lies on the Circum circle of a B1 C1 I'm saying P Lies on the Circum circle Circum circle of triangle a B1 and C1 why is that because if you see AP Why is this I will just do for one and then similarly for all others it will follow so angle a C1 P is equal to angle a B1 P right and both are 90 degrees. So we can imagine that a P is the dia a P is the diameter A P is the diameter we can imagine that is it so hence P is lying on the circum center of a triangle a B1 C1 Fair enough. So So so hence using the property of a Circle, you know, so hence if you see angle P a B1 or let's see one a P Okay, so angle C1 a P this angle here will be equal to C1 B1 P this angle Right is equal to angle C1 B1 P and what is the logic logic is? a C1 P and B1 are Concyclic points so you can imagine like that. This is a circle and These are the points is it so hence This angle has to be equal to this angle right. This is C1. This is a this is B1 and this is P Right, so P was lying on the circum circle of a C1 B1 So hence angle subtended by arc P C1 at a will be equal to angle subtended by arc P C1 this arc at B1 right so by this logic C1 a P is equal to C1 B1 P now again if you see C1 B1 P Okay, now point B1 a 2 and C2 Again if by the same logic B1 a 2 and C2 right or let me write like this B1 Look carefully B1 a 2 C2 is the Or B1 a 2 C2 and P are again consicclic is it it let me write like that So I can write B1 a 2 P and C2 are Concyclic by the same logic By the same logic why because This angle is 90 degree This angle is 90 degree and hence this these four points are consicclic with P B1 as the P B1 as the diameter so hence I can further this by saying C1 C1 B1 P is equal to Is equal to a 2 B1 P and hence a 2 B1 P will be equal to a 2 C2 P a 2 C2 P by the same logic by the same logic which we used previously right now again C2 B3 and a 3 are consicclic. So P also lies on so I'm writing C2 B3 P and a 3 are Again consicclic Consicclic points why because again if you see This is 90 degrees. This is 90 degrees because of the pedal triangle, right? So P a 3 is perpendicular to B2 C2 P B3 is perpendicular to a 2 C2 So hence P B3 C2 a 3 Are consicclic points with PC 2 as diameter So hence again, I can further this and instead of a 2 C2 a 2 C2 P is equal to angle B3 C2 P because B3 lies on a 2 C2 and B3 C2 P Dear friends is equal to angle B3 a 3 P By this logic that angle subtended by an arc at two different points on the circle are equal right by this logic Okay, so we got what? Angle C1 a P is equal to angle B3 a 3 P, right? So let me highlight that so this angle We are getting it to be equal to this angle Okay Now if you apply the same logic dear friends, you will be able to let's say this one was x Then you will be able to prove that this angle is x So hence I am rewriting this for your understanding. So let's say I am writing angle P a B1 P a B1 is equal to angle P C C1 B1 Okay, where P B1 is the card. So if you consider P B1 as the card so P a B1 will be equal to P C1 B1 now P C1 B1 is equal to P C1 a 2 Right because a 2 lies on B1 C1 right P C1 a 2 now PC1 a 2 guys will lead to angle P B2 P B2 a 2 Right P B2 a 2 why because P a 2 C1 B2 are again consicclic by the logic which we have been using so far again now if P B2 a 2 is equal to angle P B2 C3 and Now if P B2 C3 will be equal to angle P a 3 C3 Okay, why because P C3 B2 a 3 are Ciclic okay, so always remember you have to draw these kind of triangles if you're not getting on these these kind of diagrams If you're not getting it straight. So hence if you do this multiple number of times, you know One by one you can equate angle subtend by the same chord or arc on two different points of the circle You will see that you are getting the equality and hence eventually what do I get from these two relations? Let's say this is one and this is two so hence I can say from from one and two angle P a a C1 is Equal to angle P a 3 B3. This is the first relationship and Second relationship is P a B1 is equal to angle P a 3 C3 Now guys, let's add both of them. So you'll get angle C1 a P.   So hence I can write angle a and B3 a 3 P B 3 here is B3 if you see this is B3 B3 a 3 P plus C3 a 3 P will be nothing but B3 a 3 C3 Will be equal to nothing but angle B3 a 3 C3 this is what we have to prove right so hence we get in these two triangles angle a is equal to angle a 3 similarly, it will not be tough to prove that Angle B will be equal to angle B3 and angle C is equal to angle C3 hence by a a a similarity criteria similarity criteria triangle a b c is Similar to triangle a 3 B 3 C3 that means the third pedal triangle is similar to the original triangle. That's what the theorem was suggesting


So, San Jose Public Library has this problem. We have non-library users, and a significant portion of them happen to be young professionals in their 20s and 30s. One of our strategic priorities is to boost awareness of library services and programs. So our idea was to develop a program, an after-hours program, based off of the results from print surveys, online surveys, interviews, and focus groups. And what we determined was that a late night after-hours crafting event would interest them. So we had our Thursday night Insight Upcycle Craft program, and we planned and promoted it in iterations, one with one day of planning and promotion, another with one week of planning and promotion, and another with four weeks of planning and promotion. And based on the one week we thought with four weeks we'd have a pretty good turnout. But we were wrong. And we really needed to go back to the drawing board and really empathize with the demographic. And if we truly empathize with them, we'd know that they planned their events less minute, and their plans are heavily influenced by the plans of their friends. So we needed to shift the focus from bringing them into the library to going out to where they are. So we started to research various events and venues in downtown San Jose, and we determined that a trivia night would be the perfect match for the library. Lucky enough for us, we have library staff that happen to have connections with Trials Pub. Trials Pub has a weekly trivia night on Mondays. The trivia night consists of 20 fill-in-the-blank questions. So we proposed a monthly Ask a Librarian trivia night in which each of the teams receive an Ask a Librarian ticket. And they have an opportunity to receive assistance on one of two predesignated questions. And the question, but there's a catch. The catch is that they must answer one of our yes or no survey questions. And it's either about library service usage or their knowledge. For example, have you downloaded a library e-book or e-audio book from the library to your tablet or smartphone? And the answer could be yes. It's 2015. Need I say more? Or no way. I wrote old school. It's all about the ink and paper. So with these answers, we maintain the relaxed and fun environment of the trivia night. Our next site is San Pedro Square Market. San Pedro Square Market consists of 20 vendors for eating and drinking and is a hot spot for live music. And San Jose Public Library has an established relationship with them. We've been presenting music and movement programs for about two years now. And this is the site of the original library game show. Do you know what was? So with the game show, it's a combination of trivia questions and head to head stunts. And because it's a production, it takes about 20 minutes for, minimum of 20 minutes for us to prepare the staging. And during that time, we're promoting our library services and programs through our slides. For example, did you know we're signing people up for library cards? We have an outreach laptop so we can issue and activate cards immediately on site. Did you know there's an app for that? Letting them know that the library is in the 21st century. And from our interviews, we found that this demographic is very philanthropic. So we let them know that when they donate their gently used materials, they help fund library programs. So let's move on to the game show and the head to head stunts. This is the fan favorite. We have two favorite stunts here. One of them is called Tiltacup and the other one is called the Candleer. And with Tiltacup, you have one partner who is bouncing ping pong balls on the floor. So it's at least one. And then you have a catcher. So the catcher has to catch one ping pong ball. As soon as they've caught it, they have to take the top one and bring it underneath and only hold that bottom cup. And they're going to repeat that process until they fill it up with eight ping pong balls and eight cups. And as you can imagine, the tower starts to wobble, hence the name Tiltacup. So the first team to accomplish this wins. And as you can see, at the top one, we have like a rocky victory pose there. So the other stunt is called the Candleer. And the Candleer involves 15 empty cans and four paper plates. And the object of this game, of this particular stunt, is to construct this reverse tower and have it remain standing for five seconds. So the first team to actually do this wins that stunt. Okay, so let's move on to the trivia questions. I know most of you guys can come up with trivia questions on your own. But here are some examples of our library trivia questions. We usually have 10% of the categories will be a library trivia question. For example, what does the library service mango do? Deliver delicious fruit, teach you over 60 languages for free, prevent the NSA from knowing what books you check out, or streams Caribbean music through your smartphone. Anybody know the answer for this one? Of course it's teach you over 60 languages for free. And next one for programs, of course summer reading is our biggest program over the summer. What age groups can participate in summer reading? Under six, under 12, under 18, breathing. Who said breathing? Yeah, that's correct. All right, so for our final round is the pyramid of knowledge. And the pyramid of knowledge is roughly it's like the $65,000 pyramid, if you remember that game, or taboo.  And in this case, this is the time when the losing team has the opportunity to win the entire game. So that's pretty much the game show from beginning to end. We're able to do usually four rounds in two hours. And we've been presenting the library game show since January of this year. So through the iterations that we've been presenting the game show, there have been multiple iterations or learning opportunities. And one of them happens to be we started off with about 16 categories and we quickly learned that our contestants would say, hey, I still want to eat and I still want to drink. So we quickly removed the number of categories down to eight. Another learning opportunity was the scheduling. So our very first game show was on the same time as the Sharks game. And San Pedro Square is literally a block away. So this affected parking for our staff and it also affected the participation of the game show. We had participants, but we would have had more. Had enough in for the Sharks. All right. And for information gathering, we learned that as much as we want to get as much information from our contestants, they love regular trivia. But when you ask a lot of questions about library usage, knowledge, attitude, I have a table trivia example right up above. And they don't do those. They won't do those. So they suffer from survey fatigue or survey burnout. So my suggestion, what we've been using is our infographic. Similar to the trivia night at trials, just ask a yes or no question. Give them a dot and say, hey, yes or no. Choose the corresponding age and then you're done. OK, so San Pedro Square was not the only location that we presented the library game show. We also presented at South First Market. And the way that we were able to get to South First Market is through our connection with the San Jose Downtown Association. They're the ones that gave us to let us know that they were interested in having a game show at their site. Now, one thing about South First Market is that it's about a 10th of the size of San Pedro Square. So we needed to prototype with one week of planning and promotion to really understand how to present that game show in that space. So one of the things that we changed was our wireless buzzer system and actually not having two teams but having multiple teams. And we also learned that we needed to use our portable projector. Oh, wait. OK, so supplies and logistics. Things to think about if you're going to have a library game show at your city. Staffing. We usually have six people, one person to host, two people to manage the stunts and the supplies, one person to be the slide turner, another person to issue library cards, and then another person to handle scoring and support any miscellaneous things to help keep the game show running smoothly. Audio and visual. You need to know what the site has available to you. Also know where the outlets are. You may need to invest in a power strip or extension cord. Storage.  Have them all in one place. And then, of course, you need to plan for transportation. How are you going to transport these materials from your branch to your car over the, oh, gosh. Sorry, I'm out of time. OK. Venues and partnerships. I'm going to skip here. They're very important. Does your organization things to think about in terms of best practices? Does your organization already have a partnership or connection with a potential value venue? Do any of your staff members have connections with the owners or staff you wish to partner with? Have a proposal that is open and fair for the library or business to end the partnership and determine an agreed upon deadline for continuation or review. Keep open lines of communication before, during, and after events to maintain a healthy relationship. OK, game show takeaways. Again, seek partnerships within your library network. Prototype to find out what's working. And try, try again. If you have any questions or comments, you can contact me at nancy.dinella.htlibrary.org. Thank you. Angelo Pana is next.


One of my most used tools for building WordPress websites has to be my local host. This is how I build, test, play around and have fun with WordPress websites without having to use my hosting, take up any server resources or cause any extra hosting expenses. And my go-to local host is going to be local by Flywell. Now I feel this is perfect for WordPress beginners, which is why I wanted to share this. It is super easy to set up, it's very straightforward to use, and there are no hidden costs like it's absolutely free. It is a great way to get started building WordPress websites directly on your computer. So let's go ahead and set this up. I'm going to show you how to do this. To get started, go to localwp.com. I've left a link inside the description. And then from here you can click on any other download buttons, they all do the same. And just choose what platform you're going to use. I'm going to be doing this on my Mac, but I've done it on Windows and it works just the same. Now after you choose it, you got to put in your details right here. Everything is free, but you do got to sign up. That's the only caveat to using this, but there are no costs for anything. So I'm going to put in my details. After that you'll be able to download. So now I got my app installed right here. I'm just going to go ahead and launch it and get it set up. Then from here, just follow the setup wizard like you would do with any new app. Now from here, they're giving you an option to create an account. Now you don't have to do this. I personally have though, and that is because our other features to this local host that I found was very helpful to have an account for. But for now just leave it as it is. You don't need an account or anything. So you go ahead and either put on reporting or not. I'm just going to click on no thanks for right now. And now we are ready to create our first site. So from here I'm just going to click on create a new site. Now there are other options like we got this option for a blueprint or to upload an existing zip. I'm going to keep this very simple. This is for just getting started. After you've started using this, then you could feel free to test out and learn more about this tool. But I'm just going to show what is needed to get started. So from right here, I'm going to leave on create a new site. Click on get started.  Again, there's more options, but right now everything is good to go just as it is. I'm going to select on continue. I'm going to leave it on preferred. Now custom is a bit more advanced. And again, once you start building a website and if you already are an experienced web developer, you would use this option right here.  So let's go on continue. And then from here, you're going to put in your log and credentials. So put in your username, your password, and then your WordPress email. And once you got your login details set up, go ahead and click on add site. And now a new WordPress website is being loaded and set up. And now our website is good to go. So right here, you can click on open site and see just the site. But to log in in the back end, let's click on WP admin, use our login details. And there we go. Our WordPress website is now ready to get started. We can start building it. You can add in elements or your hello theme and build out your website. This is the most simplest and straightforward way to get started on a local host. I've tried quite a few of them. And none of them I found as a newbie a beginner to web development was as easy and straightforward to use. Now going back over to our local host settings over here, there's quite a bit that we could do in here, but I just want to show the basics to get started.  I like to turn this on, you can select your admin right here. And what this does is well, it allows you to just log in automatically without having to put in your login details. I found this is very helpful when I'm testing new sites, I'm playing around and creating a bunch of different installs because we got the site here, but I can start adding a lot more sites and usually this gets built up pretty quickly, I'll have a bunch of websites in here. The next one would be the PHP version. I do like to test out my websites with the latest PHP. Now just note that if you're using say older plugins, older themes that really haven't been updated through time, you might have to use an older version, sometimes something might break on a website. And this is something that I usually do test to see if it could run off the latest PHP version. Again, this is a bit more advanced right here. Another thing though that is very helpful is to go here to the site folder. And you could go right here into the app to the public and you could see all your WordPress files. So you know, sometimes we've got to use FTP to get into our WordPress files. Say we got to do some debugging, something happens. Well we could just access it right here in our website quite easily, I find that very helpful. All right, there's just one more thing I want to show you I feel this is really helpful when you are getting started and this is going to be the add-ons. There is one add-on I would always enable and that is going to be the notes. And I like to install this add-on because look at once I start building a lot of websites, I'm sometimes just building them to test or have fun trying out a theme or a plugin, maybe testing an update. Well this starts to build up and by adding notes to each one of these installs will help to organize them. So there's a lot more, you know, we got this Kinect, we got the Blueprint, you got a lot more add-ons over here. Also you do have this live link here where you could turn on and create a link for your site temporarily. I found it to be a bit finicky like it works sometimes. I don't really use it that often, it could help out but really what this is really useful for is just creating brand new WordPress websites really quickly like here's another website. I could just go ahead and add in my login details and just like that we got a new website set up super fast and easy took less than a minute to get this going and there it is. That is what I use for building my WordPress websites. This tool is super useful for many, many situations. These are great for when you are building new websites because everything just goes so much faster on a local host compared to an actual hosted website. Also they're great for testing things out, testing updates, especially big updates like inside Elementor who commerce something like that. Also these are great for just having fun and geeking out, trying out new things and having fun with WordPress is great for beginners that are just learning, practicing. This way you can just practice on your own computer and you don't have to worry about hosting and all that and just have fun with it. Now it's important to understand what a local host is and how a local host is different from regular hosting. A local host is basically installing a server onto your computer, turning your computer into your own personal hosting that could run WordPress websites. Now a local host is not going to have your websites showing online that you need a regular hosting for. But what you could do is and what I do is I build the websites on my local host and then I migrate it to a live host, which I am going to show inside my next video. I'm going to show you how I migrate from local host to live hosting and vice versa. Also make sure to do that good YouTube stuff like subscribe, that way you can get notified when that video comes out, it will be about a week from now. And if it's already out, well I'll leave a link for it somewhere up here or down inside the description so that way you can check it out because it's going to be a very good companion video to this one. Well I hope this video helps out and if you've got questions as always drop them inside the comments and I'll be back again soon with more WordPress and web design related content. All right, thank you for watching.


For really a renowned boxer, Mike Tyson has a part with an extraordinary mansion due to a series of personal financial challenges. Under Tyson's ownership, the mansion boasted five bedrooms, a full-size pool in jacuzzi, tiger cages, and a basketball court adorned with crystal chandeliers. The opulent residence full of gold-plated fittings and Tyson's name on the imposing gate was sold in 1999 for $1.1 million in a state of disrepair. Now transformed into the living-words sanctuary church, this once-neglected house sat untouched for a decade before becoming a symbol of worship and communal unity. The old fireplace has since been turned into an indoor waterfall while the Fort Bay garage is now classrooms and a nursery. The tall steel cages where Tyson kept his famous four tigers have been dismantled for a pavilion. Boxer Mike Tyson has a part with an epic mansion in Ohio due to a series of personal and financial challenges. The one who proclaimed himself the baddest man on the planet once resided in this expensive property. However, the former heavyweight champion, plagued by controversy and financial difficulties, was forced to sell it back in 1999. The opulent and somewhat dusty neglected mansion has undergone a metamorphosis into the home of the living-words sanctuary church. Under Tyson's ownership, the mansion boasted five bedrooms of full-size pool in jacuzzi, tiger cages, and a basketball court adorned with crystal chandeliers. The sprawling residence featuring gold-plated fittings and Tyson's name on the front gate was sold in 1999 for $1.1 million in a state of disrepair. Now transformed into the living-words sanctuary church, this once-neglected house, sat untouched for a decade before becoming a symbol of worship. The church's pastor, Nicholas Di Asimo, humorously remarked on the overgrown property, stating that the grass was tall enough to be sold for hay. Extensive modifications have been made to align the mansion with its new purpose. The neglected swimming pool has been repurposed into a sanctuary, and the living-room now serves as a gathering space for churchgoers. Despite these changes, reminders of Tyson's era still linger, such as the preserved basketball court. Other things, not so much. The old fireplace has since been turned into an indoor waterfall while the four car garages now home to classrooms and a nursery. Notably the large steel cages that once house Tyson's famed tigers have been dismantled, making way for a pavilion in their place. Now that's not the only former Mike Tyson property with an interesting history. In 2003, when Mike faced bankruptcy with reported debts of $22.9 million, he had to part ways with his cherished Connecticut home. The estate, featuring an astounding 52 rooms including 21 bedrooms and its own nightclub, was another claim to Tyson's extravagant lifestyle. Facing financial issues, Tyson sold the property for $4 million that year, a bitter reality for the former heavyweight champ. Rapper $0.50 steps in, purchasing the mansion for $4.4 million, setting a record for the most expensive home sold in Farmington that same year. The 50,000 square foot residence boasts 25 bathrooms, an indoor pool, a hot tub, an indoor court, multiple game rooms, a green screen room and a recording studio. As you enter through the stately front gate, a lion statue welcomes you and the opulence continues inside with a marble floor and double sided wood paneled staircase. The master bedroom offers a scenic view of the garden landscape featuring a steel staircase leading to another level with a massive walk-in closet behind glass doors. En suite bathrooms showcase a bathtub overlooking the gardens and glass door showers. Designed for entertainment, the mansion includes outdoor and indoor basketball courts, pool tables, a game room with poker and roulette tables and even a nightclub. Adjacent to the outdoor basketball court, a pond with an elaborate water feature and guest house adds to the property's allure. Despite its grandeur, the mansion faced challenges in sales over the years, with a rapid decline in value due to high running costs. After being on the market for a whopping 12 years, starting at $18.8 million, it was eventually sold in 2019 for $3.1 million. Marking an 84% price drop. The buyer, reportedly US businessman Casey Ascar, who owns several fast food businesses, secured the property with its unique history. These days when Mike Tyson isn't in the boxing ring, he relaxes in a relatively unassuming Las Vegas residence he's owned for the past six years. After Tyson's significant setback in 2003 when he declared bankruptcy due to a starring $23 million debt, he said goodbye to those epic properties we looked at. So this mansion is modest in comparison. Over the years, Tyson reportedly spent $300 million on various homes, cars, jewelry, and even pet tigers. Tyson acquired the six-bedroom seven-bath estate in 2015 for a humbler $2.5 million. Situated in Henderson, Nevada, just a short distance from Sin City, this property stands as the exclusive real estate owned by the baddest man on the planet. Although still very spacious compared to your average American home, Tyson's Las Vegas estate doesn't quite reflect his past status as a half-billionaire. The average celebrity home is valued at around $20 million. Nestled on nearly an acre in the upskill Seven Hills neighborhood, Tyson's home boasts an expansive 10,400 square feet. The property includes two casitas with one functioning as a complete apartment. Noteworthy amenities include a media room, a wine cellar, two Grandmaster's suites, one on each floor, a disappearing edge swimming pool, spa, outdoor kitchen, and an extensive covered patio. The Italian-style residence is characterized by its custom iron railings, arched doorways, covered ceilings, floor-to-ceiling windows, stone fireplaces, marble flooring, and a marble staircase. The gourmet kitchen is equipped with Thermador stainless steel appliances, a sizable island with breakfast bar and custom cabinets. As we can see, Mike Tyson's real estate journey reflects the highs and lows of a legendary career marked by immense success and financial challenges. From the pinnacle of earning over $400 million during his professional boxing career to facing bankruptcy in 2003, Tyson's property ventures show that maybe there is such a thing as too much. Tyson's real estate journey also shows the unpredictability of fame and fortune, highlighting the importance of strategic financial management, even for Mike Tyson. If you enjoyed this video, don't forget to give it a like and be sure to answer this question for me before you go. Which one of the over-the-top features in Mike Tyson's first two former mansions was your favorite and why? Let me know in the comments and hit subscribe so you never miss a video. I'm Kara the Vampire Slayer, follow me on Instagram to chat, and I'll see you all next time. Bye! Being a new homeowner, there are plenty of unexpected things to fix and it's cool to learn what you're doing and hopefully be able to fix it yourself. There are also plenty of DIY projects suitable for beginners like me to do and ones that improve the look of your space drastically. Follow me and I'll teach you what I'm learning and motivate you to join me.  Follow me on FixIt with Kara and we can chat.


OK. Thank you. I just start. So I will spend only three slides of notes speaking about Catalan language and Catalan culture. Who know what is Catalan language? Wow, I'm impressed. Good. I will do it just in fast way. Catalan is a Roman language for people who doesn't know. So it derives from Latin, like Spanish. Catalan is quite similar to Spanish, to French, Italian, and, well, other Latin languages like Portuguese, Romanian, and many, many more. And Catalan culture has our own dot cat top level domain. This is the first cultural domain in the world. This is new from two years ago, up next. This is to show that Catalan culture and language is quite strong in internet community and new technologies. And Catalan is the official language of Catalonia. Catalonia is in that, here in the zone, Catalonia capital is Barcelona. It's the official language in Catalonia, region of Spain, Andorra. It's that country with nice ski resorts, Valeric islands, and in similar places to, like, well, not official language, but used in South France, et cetera. I feel that there is some line missing here, but I'm up of Europe. Barcelona in the zone of Nox, it's spoken in Valeric islands here and in Andorra. I could use my feet, too, but I told this in Pais Valencia, too. And in Europe, Catalan is spoken by 9.1 million people. It's the same level of Portuguese. Portuguese, it sounds more important because they have their own country, not in the case of Catalan, Catalonia is not a country. And it's just lower, but not so lower than Dutch or Spanish.  Spanish is quite big. What is Daco? So now you know something about Catalan, Catalan culture in Catalonia. And we can think about Daco. Daco, it means dictionary, English Catalan, Daco, the word, that this is open source English Catalan dictionary. And it's an English Catalan dictionary tailored for speakers of both languages. This is quite important. If you understand, we will explain it a bit later. But it's not focused for Catalan speakers or for English speakers for both kind of speakers. Daco itself started with just some XML files with English in Spanish in Catalan or in English, explaining what is it or translating. Daco is a bilingual dictionary, so mainly we are saying, OK, Apple in English is Poma in Catalan, similar to French Poma. Exactly. All of these are in XML, and we export all the XML files to some nice PDF files.  We also have some form-based web search in our web page. It will be in the last slide, too. You can just type something and some form-using Ajax technology will search to you and show the translation. We have some plug-in available for Firefox. Searcher is not extension on Firefox and Internet Explorer. Some gadgets for a Google web page. There is a Catalan verb conjugator. The last line that it's not shown here is Kudako. It's a standalone application. We will spend the last five slides talking about Kudako. So this is the things that we have. Daco's history. Daco is not a recent project. It started on, well, yes, it's here on 2001. Linda Oxnert, who is the Daco's founder and the real linguistic manager. Not me, I think that you can guess. Daco started on 2001 because she found a lack of good Catalan English dictionaries for English people. We have a lot of Catalan English dictionaries for Catalan people. Dictionary is focused or tailored for one of speakers in function of the examples, notes, what they explain, how they explain. So it's quite different. She was studying Catalan in UK. And she couldn't buy any good dictionary. And when she was doing her PhD in Catalan language, she made a survey. And all students said, OK, we don't have any good Catalan English dictionary. And then on that year, she started collecting words. I imagine that she is living in UK with that dark evenings, raining, and writing all endless of some newspaper and some list. And two years later, she released the first version of Daco. She wanted to release a first version with some words, not like empty project. So a lot of people, well, not a lot, but some tens of people joined her to help her to improve, to say this is wrong, this is good, et cetera. You see that this is not a software. Well, it has software, but mainly it's not a software project. But things were quite fine, quite similar. So here you can see who contributed with Daco. She is the founder. Some people have photos, and some people don't have photos. It doesn't mean that they work harder or not harder. Maybe that they are shy or not shy. And who is the average contributor of Daco? The average contributor is age between 20s and 80s. So we have people from all ages. This is quite good because young people or younger people speak with different or use different words than all these people. There are some English speakers living in UK, US, Canada, Australia, or some other countries. But I mean that they are not only in UK or only in US. And Catalan speakers living in Barcelona, Girona, well, some Catalan countries. And it's very interesting that in the mailing list, I will explain it later, but in the mailing list, you can see some UK English native speaker writing better Catalan than average Catalan writer. I mean, they studied Catalan for so many years, and they write very good. It is always interesting. And a common purpose of everybody is that everybody wants to do a useful, well, some resource that is useful for language students, and that it's free. Some people could think, OK, you can get some dictionary and start to copy, like a monkey work. We don't copy entries from any dictionary. This would not be illegal. We have some agreement with TermCut that it's a Catalan government organization for neologisms, new words. And a lot of entries, well, we get some entries from this organization. But mainly, all entries are added by people who is using the web page or that CUDA Co. plurium. And people, users, found some missing entry, and then we add it. Recently, this very interesting case, I think, oops. OK, fine. This is new. One of the cost contributors get a Catalan Latin birch list and Latin English. And they are working too much using the Latin as a common language. And to incorporate the 700 or 800 birch in Daco, so this will be very useful for people who like spirits. How does the project work? First step, some new word appears that could come from mailing list. Something like I found that this word is missing. Some web form, as I said, are missing words from mainly web page formality or CUDA Co. search engine. People discuss the new words. Something like moche means cat here or there, or not in Valencia, but in Valeric Islands, and young people use or old people. So some people chase what they think. And finally, so it would be a plus here. You're going to see me neither. But Lindoc Snart adds this new word in the XML files. So the process is that we have new word. We talk, or some people, not me usually. Some people talk about this, the meaning of this new word, and then we add. Some Daco's special features. Well, it's free, as I already said, but free is not a license, so I would like to say which license we have in each part of Daco. The XML files are under LGPL license. I will not explain what is LGPL, but PDF files are under Creative Common, attribution-serial-like, and that standalone application is under GPL free. CUDA Co has more than 15,000 entries. If you print these PDF files in a standard DNA for pages, you will get about 200 pages. So it's a quite big dictionary. I said it in some way. At the beginning, these keys are not in the correct place. But Daco, we don't have one, two, or three dictionaries. We have four dictionaries. We have Catalan English dictionary, and English Catalan dictionary for Catalan speakers, and the same for English speakers. This is in order to use the examples, nodes, links to image, etc. Links, usage nodes, examples, I said. We also have work frequency counts from Google. Each entity has, in some date, how many times appeared in Google. So you can use this to know if lift is more used than elevator or whatever. And we also use some semantic fields. So each word, each entity, has some semantic fields. So if you search for Apple, you could know that it's a fluid. And it's food. Why is so important that dictionary is open source? Well, culture should be free. I think that a lot of people here think the same. And language is a lively or lively thing. So it's important that it can change. And if anybody can suggest endless. But we examined these endless. So quality of dictionary is never compromised. And of course, we encourage others to create your own dictionary, maybe joining to Catalan English dictionary or in your languages. Maybe you could share some resources, mailing list, or whatever. Or we could help you to set up some things. What is the last part of speech? And maybe it was time. Kudako is a multi-platform application available in Debian repositories. And it has been developed since 2005. Here, you can see two screenshots of Kudako. This is just a small word, penguin, penguin, Catalan, or longest word with some links to pictures or to flicker. Why did we create Kudako? We wanted a reference application for Dakko. We could get Dakko words and put in some other dictionary, standalone application dictionary, like Linux has some of them. But we wanted something to use all Dakko resources, photos, links, and also to be able to report missing words. So some user is searching something. Oh, it's not here. So sad. Just one button. And we know that this word somebody searched, and it's not available. We also have Interation with Festival, that speech synthesizer. This is something like you can click, right-click some word in Kudako, and you can read in that robot voice, but quite good how to pronounce this word. Auto-completion, and some other features. We have the PDF files, but standalone application is easier to use and load. Here, we can see the Kudako architecture. Since last version, there is some XML files, some library accessing the XML files. This is new from one month ago. We have a console application. So you can use Dakko from the, well, without any graphic user interface. And Kudako, what I showed before, that it interacts with Festival, or, well, libkudakos, who is able to send suggestions to internet. There is, well, I wanted to say some similar projects. Maybe someone is interested. There is a GPL, German-Cathalan dictionary. Some people is working on that, and also dictionary. This is not a bilingual dictionary. It just, well, you type some word. Yep, I finish now. You type some word, and you get the definition. And thanks for your attention. If somebody has questions, I will be right here. Thank you.