This is Orson Welles, speaking from London. Black Museum. The Repository of Death. He has here in the grim stone structure on the Thames, which houses Scotland Yard, is a warehouse of homicide, where everyday objects, a skillet, a screwdriver, a photograph, all are touched by murder. Here's a .22 caliber pistol. It's a familiar object. You've seen one or its picture. You've never touched one. An elegant little weapon. Blue steel. Mother of pearl inlaid grip. Beautiful in its dainty, snub-nosed wickedness. A lady's weapon, wouldn't you say, Pepper? Looks as if it wouldn't harm a fly. Pretty in its way, Inspector. Pretty and dangerous. There ought to be a law forbidding the manufacture of these toys. Every one of them is capable of death. Today, this little blue .22 can be found among the exhibits in the Black Museum. From the annals of the Criminal Investigation Department of the London Police, we bring you the dramatic stories of the crimes recorded by the objects in Scotland Yard's Gallery of Death. The Black Museum. In just a moment, you will hear the Black Museum starring Orson Welles. This museum of murder. It's an impressive place. The kind of echoing awe which comes from a vaulted ceiling and somber lighting. Weird. Fantastic. With a harsh, real fantasy that comes with murder. Here lies death. And so neatly. Each object placarded with a small white card labelled with black lettering, name, place, state. Disposition of the case. Here's an odd-looking ashtray. Soapstone. It's carved rather nicely with the crouching figure of a woman. Something decorative for your living room, but observe closely now the red-brown stain on the rim. Lift up the tray, hold it by the figure of the woman. Whereas it's comfortable in your hand, and suddenly, this is a weapon. Ah, here we are. The little blue .22. When it's silent now, it was silent too during Vivian Davis's cocktail party in London's smart, sophisticated West End. And Vivian's quite shishy apartment. It was not destined to be silent though. Not very long. It's a nice place, Vivian's apartment, if you go for ultra-modern glass and metal combinations. Nice people too. Well, nice looking anyway. Young men are quite impeccable. The young ladies are lovely, lush, well aware of the well put together attractiveness. Oh yes, these are the chic young people. Larry, darling, have you been watching Vivian and Donald? What else, sweet? They are a dagger points, aren't they? Well frankly, Larry, if Viv has one more martini, she'll kill Donald with a look. An alcoholic look at any rate. But why all the fuss and bother? If Donald wants to play, she ought to let him. I know at least three males were perfectly willing to give Viv a time, really. Including yourself, Larry, my sweet? No, darling, I'm the fourth. But then why bother? Life's all strange, isn't it? The ultra-sophisticated, the over-civilized, and yet you know beneath the polish the same old jealousy that you can find in savages. Oh yes, simple jealousy. For instance, at this moment, Vivian herself is approaching the chrome and plastic bar where Donald is mixing a drink. You're quite tight, you know. Am I? Really? I asked you, Donald. Haven't you had enough? I don't believe I have. Will you have one, darling? I've had enough, let me tell you. This is my party. You might be polite enough to pay some attention to me and a little less to that strawberry blonde. Ah, she's quite attractive in a leggy sort of way. Oh yes, quite elemental beneath the polished surface. An interesting situation. It continues, of course. As long as the party lasts. It continues, as a matter of fact, well past the end of the party and me and Larry are making their farewells. The last of the guests to go. It was simply marvellous, Viv, darling. Just delightful. I always adore your parties with the liquor flows like water. Oh, thank you both for coming. My little parties wouldn't be the same without you. Isn't that so, Donald? Huh? Yes, sir. Yes, of course. Coming, Donald, though, son. Well, I don't exactly... Oh, Larry, please. Put my foot in it, shouldn't I? I'm sorry, old man. Oh, of why, Viv, let the martinis run again sometime soon. Bye, darling. Ring me, won't you? Oh, soon, darling. Quite soon. Donald's for it now. Did you see the look in her eyes? Come along, dear. Don't be catty. Oh, I don't know. The party's over. Silence descends on the carpeted hallway. For a moment or two. And then, through the muffling walls...  Oh, stop it. Viv, I'm not interested in her.  Man versus woman. A jealous woman. Where does it go? Isn't it obvious? Of course. Somebody's bound to be hurt. Inspector Summers and Detective Pepper arrive quickly from the yard. This seems to be the weapon, Inspector. A .22. Blue steel. Mother of pearl grip. A lady's weapon, wouldn't you say, Pepper? Looks as if it wouldn't harm a fly. Pretty in its way, Inspector. Pretty and dangerous. There ought to be a law forbidding the manufacture of these toys. Every one of them is capable of death. Funny. What is? The body. Out here. On the landing. Yes. Well, we'll find the reason for that shortly. Not much blood. .22s don't make much of a hole. Stay here, Pepper. I want the pathologist to see the body before it goes to the morgue. You know the procedure. I'll be inside with the prime and only suspect. Yes, sir. I understand. Tell me how it happened. Don't you dare to talk to me like that. Take hold of yourself, Miss Davis. I need the answers to a few questions. I'll answer that. Don't you dare. That's my telephone. Yes. This is Inspector Summers of Scotland Yard. I see. I'm sorry, Lady Munze. You can't speak to your daughter just now. Yes. She'll be coming down to the yard. You can come there if you wish. Goodbye. Now will you leave me alone? You know who my mother is. Which do you prefer? To answer my questions here or to come down to the yard? I refuse to answer anything. That won't look well in the report, Miss. Oh, get out of here!  Take hold of yourself, Miss Davis.  Donald and I were arguing. I suppose I grabbed the gun from under the pillow where I keep it. He tried to take it away from me. And next I knew there was a shot and he was mumbling something about a doctor. And then, then he was dead. Now leave me alone!  Inspector Summers felt that further questioning was indicated. The location he chose was his own office at the yard. Where did you get the gun, Miss Davis? My husband gave it to me several years ago. Are you married? I was. I'm divorced. Inspector Summers thought of many questions. Where did you struggle over the gun? In the bedroom. I see. Why do you use linoleum floor covering in the bedroom? No, because it's easy to keep clean and because it's chic. Because, oh, what has that to do with Donald? I'm asking the questions, Miss Davis. Oh, yes, there were many, many questions. How long have you lived at that address? How long did you know Donald Martin? Have you ever bought any ammunition for that gun? What were you quarreling about? It went on and on. And finally. Very well, Miss Davis. We shan't hold you. But don't leave London.  You better go home with her. We are sealing your apartment. An inconvenient matter of violent death from a gunshot wound. Apartments are sealed, people investigate. One's whole life is turned inside out. And then there are the experts. The scientific facts contradict some of Miss Davis's statements, Inspector. They do? For instance? There's no evidence of any scorching of the clothing around the bullet hole. From that fact and the spread of the smoke stain, I deduce that the gun was held from three to six inches from Martin's chest. As the blood ran down the chest, he must have been standing at the time. It would be practically impossible for him to hold the weapon himself in that position? Could he have clutched the barrel, say, in an attempt to take it away from Miss Davis? In that case, his fingers would be singed. Or at least blackened. They're not. I do not believe that the man was touching the weapon at all when it was fired. An embarrassing conclusion to say the least. And there were other things. I've checked Martin's shoes at the morgue, Inspector. Well? If they struggled in that bedroom on that polished menolium floor, his shoes would have had to scratch the floor. They're leather-sold and they have metal taps on the tips. Very good. Another discrepancy. Now, Pepper, I think we'd better have a bit of a talk with the neighbors. Are you certain of that, Mrs. Merritt? I am positive. It's not the first time they yelled at each other, those two, and the walls are thin. Do you have it down, Pepper? Yes, sir. They had a quarrel about two weeks ago. He left. She leaned out of the window, only half dressed, and shouted at him, Laugh, baby, laugh for the last time. And then she fired a gun at him. Thank you. Now, then, Mrs. Merritt, before the shot last night, do you catch any of the words they said? Here's. Oh, no, sir. But, well, her bedroom is next to mine.  Thank you, Mrs. Merritt. Anything else? No, sir. Very well. Let's go, Pepper. All right, Pepper, I think we have the makings of a case. Pick her up. We'll book her for willful murder. And today, the little blue 22, which was to play such an important part in the case, can be seen among the other exhibits in the Black Museum. In just a moment, we will continue with the Black Museum starring Orson Welles. We continue with the Black Museum starring Orson Welles. As the inspector said, they felt they had a case. The evidence was piling up. Vivian Davis was arrested. Her defense counsel was a distinguished member of the bar. The prosecutor assigned was no less brilliant. But some of the conversation about the case was, was well a lot less brilliant. Why, if Larry and I had stayed, we might have seen the whole thing. And darling, those letters. Imagine leaving letters like that lying in your bureau drawer where anyone might find them. And you suppose the prosecution will use them for evidence? This is one trial I simply shall not miss. Let me say here and now, if May owns a gun, I'm walking out. And at once. But Viv always was unstable, you know. That's the kind who will pull a gun on you when you least expect it. Not for me, old man. Not for me. I always said she was no better than you'd think. Wild parties at all hours, firing guns around, drinking. Oh, I daresay the woman wasn't happy. But then who is? Now I ask you, who is? I understand the food in prison is all starches. See in the headlines, this is a juicy one, what? I do witness, you don't say. Really now, you don't say. They tried the case in public gossip, long before it came to proper trial. And when the proper trial began, the courtroom was crowded naturally with bright young women and polished young men, the familiars of the defendant. This, however, failed to ruffle the solemnity of a British court. I shall permit no demonstrations. At the least lapsed from property quorum, I shall have the courtroom cleared. And that settled that. The trial proceeded. Vivian Davis in simple black sat in the dark between the two wardresses assigned to guard her. On the witness stand, the pathologist repeated his evidence at his conclusions with the prosecution. There was no cross-examination. With Inspector Summers, it was another matter. Inspector, you heard the prison doctor testify that when Miss Davis was admitted to the prison after her arrest, he found bruises on her arms and on one thigh. Yes, sir. And that such bruises might have been sustained in a struggle. Yes, sir. Very well. Now then, in your experience, have you found that when one person handles a gun, that person's fingerprints are usually found on the weapon? That has been my experience. However, if two parties struggled for possession of a certain weapon, would there be fingerprints? In most cases, no, sir. They tend to smudge or eliminate each other's prints. This weapon, which you've identified and which has been entered in evidence, has exhibited a... Did you find this weapon at the scene of the alleged crime? I did. Did you examine it carefully? I did. Did you have it tested for fingerprints? I did. Did you find any? Yes, sir. How many sets? Only one set of prints were on that gun. Whose were they, Inspector? Now tell the jury, please. Whose fingerprints were on that gun? Only my own. One more point, Inspector. You stated that you found a bullet in the wall of the bedroom. Correct? Yes, sir. Have you any reason to believe this bullet was fired on the night of the alleged crime? It could have been fired at any time, I suppose. Thank you, Inspector. That's all. Mrs. Merritt, the eager next-door neighbor, had her proverbial day in court. Yes, sir. Just as I told the Inspector, she screamed at him hanging out of the window, only half-dressed, and then she fired a shot at him. Counsel for the defense spent a little time in the cross-examination of Mrs. Merritt. Madam, did you actually see Miss Davis' fire a pistol or gun of some sort at the deceased? I heard the shot after she yelled at him. You said she was only half-dressed at the time. Is that correct? Yes, sir. Then you must have seen her. Well, I took one book, and after that I only listened. Why? Why, Mrs. Merritt? When a woman is in her condition, no other woman cares to watch her. I see. This is your opinion. It certainly is. Your lawsuit. I respectfully request that the answers to the last two questions be stricken from the record, as constituting an opinion and not evidence. Further on the grounds that opinions are not warranted, as the witness is not qualified as an expert. Well... The clerk will strike the last two answers from the record, and the jury is instructed to ignore the testimony. A proceed. No further questions. Thank you, Mrs. Merritt. Back and forth the battle raged, a battle for a woman's life. A case where the crown was ably presented. The defense, by cross-examination, by objections in the record, sought to upset testimony to establish points which could be played upon later, the climax of the trial, when Vivian Davis herself took the stand in her own defense. Now, Miss Davis, you understand the seriousness of this situation. Of course. I refer to the testimony that you once fired a gun at Donald Martin from your bedroom window. Is this true? No, it's not true. What did happen that evening? He'd come to see me. He'd asked me for money to pay a gambling debt, and I refused. We quarreled, and he left. I was furious, and I called to him from my window.  What happened then? Oh, Donald... Mr. Martin came rushing back, and we... we were friends again. Miss Davis, have you ever pointed a weapon at Mr. Martin? No, never. Have you wanted to? No, never. Did you shoot him the night he died? No! Have you any recollection of his having spoken to you between the time he was shot and the moment he died? I'll never forget it as long as I live. What did he say? He said, I wished the doctor would hurry. I... I wanted to tell him that this was an accident. It's not your fault. He said it over and over. And then... he was dead. Thank you, Miss Davis. Your witness. Hold yourself together, Miss Davis. Yes, yes, sir. Very well. I submit, Miss Davis, that the truth of your first public quarrel is, as it was stated by your previous witness, that you did fire out of your window at Mr. Martin. Oh, no, never. I fired in the room. I wanted to frighten him. Miss Davis, is this your pistol? Yes. Is this the weapon which killed Mr. Martin? Yes.  Yes. You were to put it simply jealous of his behavior with other women. Oh, I was so jealous. I threatened to kill myself.  Yes.  No, no, I never said that. What did you say, Miss Davis? I never said I'll shoot myself. The other, I never said. Why should I? I was jealous for those because I loved him. Oh, you've got to believe me. I loved him. I did. I did. There was more, much more, over and over. But they never managed to shake her on the essential points. I never pointed a gun at dolls in my life. And of course. I never said I'd kill him. I said I'd kill myself. At long last, with Vivian Davis on the verge of collapse, the prosecutor let her go. Shortly thereafter, the defense rested. Summations were brief. For the prosecution? This woman is guilty of the crime with which she is charged. There is no doubt in our minds, nor should there be any in yours that she held the pistol and fired the shot. For the defense? It is clear that no woman kills the man she loves, despite the violence of their bosses. This was an accident. It is clear that it was an accident. The presiding justice was clear and concise and is charged to the jury. Gentlemen of the jury, in conclusion, let me advise you there are three possible verdicts you may return under the present indictment. Guilty of murder, guilty of manslaughter, or not guilty of any offence. I commend the accused to your most painstaking deliberations. The jury filed out. They stayed out for too long, weary hours. There was chatter in the courtroom, how it is. But even the gossip was subdued. Everybody waited. Waited. It seems perfectly incredible. A murder trial and I've been in on it since the beginning. Why do I hope the judge wasn't as much against her as he seemed to be? It's really too exciting for words. I've had more dinner invitations because I know fear. Well, after all, the poor girl might be hanged, you know? Grisly thought. For my part, even if she gets off, there'll be one advantage. She'll never be my neighbour again and that will be an improvement, I'd say. And at long last, the waiting was over. The prisoner arose in the dock, the judge's request. The foreman of the jury faced the prisoner in the court. The age-old formula was intoned by the clerk. Members of the jury, have you agreed upon a verdict? We have. Do you find the prisoner guilty or not guilty of murder? Not guilty. Do you find the prisoner guilty or not guilty of manslaughter? Not guilty. Yet, despite that verdict, a little blue-22 can be seen today among the exhibits in the Black Museum. Orson Welles will be back with you in just a moment. Orson Welles. Yes, they let Vivian Davis go free. In many minds, the question was and still is, did Vivian Davis get away with murder? Frankly, I don't believe anyone gets away with murder. Murder stays with a killer, twisting mind and heart and soul even in the unsuspected and therefore unsolved cases. Where Vivian Davis was concerned, perhaps the real crime was insecurity and the kind of violent jealousy that grows from fear. I don't know. That's what the psychologist, not for you and I to decide. Meanwhile, the little blue-22 remains in its customary place in Scotland Yard, in the Black Museum. And now until we meet again next time in the same place and I tell you another story about the Black Museum. Our remain is always obedient for yours. Starring Orson Welles is presented by arrangement with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer radio attractions. The program is written by Aura Marion with original music composed and conducted by Sidney Torch, produced by Harry Allen Towers.


Let's talk about macadamia nuts. One of my favorite nuts. One of the best things about macadamia nuts is that they are loaded with pulmitolate acid, an omega-7 fatty acid. Now, a study of rats has shown that consumption of omega-7 fatty acids can induce the feeling of satiation and enhance the release of satiety hormones. It can also improve bowel movements and prevent weight gain. Now, Dr. Steven Rosen from the Cleveland Clinic has written papers showing the benefit of omega-7 in preventing coronary artery disease for much the same reason. Also shown that pulmitolate acid can benefit hair, skin, and nails. So all of my female listeners and male listeners who want great nail hair and skin, macadamia nuts are one of the best ways to get it. Now, the problem is macadamia nuts contain only about 11 to 27 percent omega-7s. So to really get the big benefits from omega-7s that were used in these studies, you'd have to eat a lot of nuts. And as I said before, if I want to produce weight gain in my patients, one of my favorite ways of doing that is to have them eat tons. I mean tons of macadamia nuts, like at least two cups a day. Now, there's another way around it. Macadamia nut oil gives you the concentrated amount of omega-7 that you need without the bulk, if you will, of the nuts themselves. But any omega-7 is better than nut at all. Now the good news about macadamia nuts is they're naturally low in sugar and carbohydrates. So as a nut, they're very low on sugars that a lot of nuts actually have that are hidden in that nut. There's also essential nutrients like dietary fiber and antioxidants. Now, the problem of macadamia nuts is there are 204 calories in 10 macadamia nuts. Let me show you that just so you're aware. OK, there's 200 calories of macadamia nuts. Folks, that's not even a useful handful. And that's why one of the ways, if you really want to gain weight, is get yourself a bunch of macadamia nuts. Now, there's only two grams of protein in those 10 nuts. There's 21.5 grams of fat, but 80% of the fat is actually monounsaturated fat, like in olive oil, oleic acid. Carbohydrates, here's a measly 3.9 grams of carbohydrates.  There are about two and a half, three grams of fiber in those 10 nuts. And those are great. But as long as you limit the amount, there are some real health benefits for you, particularly from the Omega 7. So watch yourself. I really recommend no more than a half a cup of macadamia nuts a day. And preferably spread them out throughout the day. Now, interestingly, despite everything I just said, there is some evidence that macadamia nuts can actually support a healthy weight. A study among healthy Japanese women found that women who ate macadamia nuts lost some weight after three weeks of eating them compared to those who ate coconut or butter. Well, in a way, duh. But it just shows that if you're looking for certain fats, macadamia nuts may have an advantage. Now, don't know how to incorporate macadamia nuts into your diet. I've got tons of recipes with macadamia nuts and macadamia nut oil in all my books, from hummus to salad. It's super simple to get these amazing benefits when you eat macadamia nuts. And for a real fun treat, change over and add some macadamia nut oil to your salad dressing or for an interesting taste treat, drizzle it on your vegetables and see what you think. It's a great way to get concentrated Omega 7. I hope you enjoyed this episode of the Dr. Gundry podcast. Make sure to check out the next one here. So just adding pistachios to a perfect Mediterranean diet improved things even more.


Okay guys found an issue with this vat. I'm sitting out here On the bench smoking a cigarette and this I heard this fan cake on There's keys No keys in it. We've got a that could be a big issue or a small issue It could be a small issue like some wiring or something Messing up it's never done this before Since we've had it, but of course the battery's been dead But this first time it's done it since I put the new battery in Or it could be a big issue like maybe the car is haunted. I don't know By the way, that is not the original top. I found out it had been replaced because the original top Used to be this color. They didn't like it. He wanted to go with black. So They take the poster station or the post three and a post three place and Had this one put on it's Sitting here running. I don't know and it looks like one have to get in here and hook the battery anyway guys Just a quick upload for you I'm gonna go finish watching musty one And I'm gonna come out and mess around with that Oh Okay Let you know what I find out and another video She bears a myth man alleged I'm gone for now Let me know if you got one of these that started doing that, you know, it's possible a mouse got up in there choose some wires but Those wires should all be dead when that key is off, you know the power wire So for it to short out it shouldn't even do anything without the key on Some probably gonna have to get up in that dash See what's going on Thanks for watching guys. We'll see in the next one. Bye. Bye. Take care


PEGylated liposomes can trigger an immune response in animals, which leads to the rapid clearance of the drug from the body. This immune response is caused by the secretion of anti-PEG IgM antibodies from the spleen, which is independent of T cells. This article was authored by Hiroshi Kawada, Tatsuhiro Ishida, Yumi Uehara, and others.


Hello, this is Laptop Media, and today, we will show you how to open the Lenovo Legion 5i Pro 2022 and what's inside of it. To access this notebook's internals, you need to undo 10 Philips head screws. Then, pry the bottom panel with a plastic tool, but be careful when you go around the heat vents. Please remember, it would be of great help to us if you just hit the like button and subscribe to our channel. That would motivate us to make even more and better videos for you. Inside, we find an 80 watt hours battery pack. It lasts for 5 hours and 30 minutes of web browsing, or about 6 hours of video playback. To take it out, unplug the connector from the motherboard, and undo all 6 Philips head screws that keep it in place. Here, you get 2 Sodium slots, which work in dual channel mode and support DDR5 modules. As for the storage, there are 2 M.2 PCIe X4 slots, which can work with Gen4 SSDs. Cooling wise, you get one big heat pipe, shared between the CPU and GPU, as well as one more dedicated to each of them. Moreover, there is one heat pipe taking care of the graphics memory, with two heat spreaders being placed over the VRMs. If you'd like to see more disassembly videos of the latest notebooks we would highly appreciate if you hit the like button and subscribe to the channel.


Over 30 years of travelling around Britain looking into problems, I've changed trains here many times. I passed a little time on the concourse, watching the insecurity notices as they scroll by, waiting for my train for the next leg of the journey. Coming through York it for rarely for a good reason, it was a landfill or an incinerator or contaminated land. Today it's not much different, but it has a very different purpose. Today it's all about looking into what is not commonly talked about in society, something that governments particularly don't like to talk about. The problem we have today is so often the government refuses to engage in a dialogue. The best way they can get past a problem is just not talk about it. You hear us on the radio all the time, a minister wasn't available for comment. What they mean is a minister didn't want to talk about it because they might actually have to come up with a decent explanation which currently they can't do. They don't have to account for themselves, they can carry on doing what they're doing, they don't have to be accountable to us. And that's bad, that's bad for our democracy, bad for how we make decisions. What is Memwith Hill? If there's a symbol of how our future democracy is a threat, this is it. Memwith Hill is a collection of radios, gold wars. They communicate with satellites, exchanging data between America, the Middle East, the Mediterranean and North Africa. What this place does, it takes data from telephones, from satellites, from listening stations, from all any connected source, pipes it through here and slices and dices it with computers. Memwith Hill is roughly central in the country, not far outside Harrogate on the Harrogate Skipton Road. Originally it was a Cold War listing an intelligence site and over the years its global significance has grown. Now it is a facility specifically run by the National Scourge Agency to sample data from all over Europe, the Mediterranean, North Africa. That was opened up in the 1980s by people like Duncan Campbell who investigated the site and discovered how far intruding to people's privacy and their everyday life. Over the years the site has grown and grown, technology has advanced, technology has changed. I like to think of these as puffballs because just like real puffballs, although these are on the surface, most of the data today goes underground via cable and that has meant some very large investments in the site. Over the last few years its role has been upgraded to take account of the internet, the growth of the internet and digital communications. That poses all sorts of questions, not just an invasion of privacy but who is accountable for that and that's very important when a member is concerned because it exists in a legal black hole. This is a league study related to that previous Guardian report and it just outlines what's happening at the site, the installation of new equipment and training facilities and computers and systems. But look at the top of the page, there are some acronyms. USA, Australia, Canada, Great Britain, New Zealand. These are the Five Eyes Network, these are the Anglophone intelligence agencies who got together from the 1950s and pretty much set up a global surveillance system but more importantly, by being an international system they can operate in each other's countries outside the law. As you would expect this is quite a closely guarded site. Around the edge you'll see these signs which contain the base bylaws. They're made under a Victorian military landsat and what they do is restrict what you can and can't do inside the area identified on the map, that's the black line. Members bylaws are actually quite out of date, some of the more recent bylaws are far more restricted what you can and can't do but essentially they're there to stop people doing things that are not wanted like protesting, making a fuss, generally drawing attention to this place which they try and hide and over the years there's been a constant campaign, a constant battle between the desire of the government to keep this place secret and not talk about it and the desire of peace campaigners and privacy campaigners who want to open this place up. If you go to the RAF website you'll see Men With Hill listed as an RAF site. It's anything but it's pretty much run by the Americans for the Americans. What it says on the website again doesn't really tell you what it does. What happens at Men With Hill is a closely guarded secret and although there's been various speculation over the years, this is the Yorkshire C&D report from a few years ago, the legal accountability here is very blurred. It's an American site in Britain. That was really blown open by Edward Snowden. What he leaked at the time told us an awful lot about what the Five Eyes Network did, how far they could invade our privacy using the latest technology and all those communication links which centre on this base. And its role not just in surveillance of people who would consider enemies, but also people we would consider our friends and our business partners. Who is accountable for this place? Who decides what isn't allowed? The Intercept did an investigation and they found that Men With Hill just invaded privacy. It was a key site for what they call capture kill operations or targeted assassination using drones in the Middle East and North Africa.  Again, that's not legal. There isn't a war zone and doing things like that outside of war zone is against the law. A few years ago it was stolen and gave an interview to German media and he said quite clearly that the Five Eyes Network exists as a super-national organisation and therefore it doesn't answer to law of any one country. And that's the problem here. We have no ability to enforce our rights against that. In 2001 the European Parliament released a report on the echelon system. At the time I was working in Eastern Europe with journalists and human rights workers and it set the whole scene for how the debate over surveillance and privacy has gone since. The European Parliament pointed out that Germany, which also hosts a similar site in Men With, Britain and the United States all had responsibilities to protect human rights. But because of the secrecy surrounding this place and the concerns over many years, there was no guarantee that our rights were being protected and the anomalous legal situation of this site meant infringing our human rights is extremely easy and very unlikely to ever be punished or restricted. Every Tuesday at Men With there is a protest outside the main gate. I've come here today because it's a very special one for the Global Keep Space for Peace Week as well as the usual Tuesday evening protest. There are speakers and we'll be looking in more detail at what Men With is, what it does and what it means for everyday lives. Now this protest on its own is a really interesting event. It's taken many years to get to this point where they're able to stop each car's abuse and they can stand up back on their own and they can give a message to the people who work in the base. And that's the beginnings of accountability. If these people could work without ever seeing a protest, if the protest was continually quelled, they could go about their business. The whole point of holding a protest like this is that by bringing it to attention of each individual who works at a human level it enables that process of reflection and accountability to begin. And perhaps at some point in the future this could result in a leap forward, a disclosure that could bring greater accountability to this place. This is really what we need at every site. Every site around Britain where the public do not have clear accountability through Parliament, through the government. Then we should be seeking to enforce our rights, our international responsibilities and obligations by undertaking activities like this. At the UN the Nuclear Ban Treaty has just been signed. From now on the nuclear states are unnoticed that there must be change. We can no longer allow a handful of states to dictate world policy just because they have nuclear weapons. And just as landmines, or cluster munitions, the hope is that the Ban Treaty will finally see a nuclear free world. To conclude I'll just give you a quick snapshot of the events of the evening and the talks we had from some very interesting people. So I'm Catherine from Yorkshire CND and I'd just like to welcome you to Stemwell and then with Hill and say thanks for coming in on the dark. I was missing a fine quite warm night but actually now it's raining so even more commendations to you all for coming along. Yeah, this is the beginning of Keep Space for Peace Week. I know there's a protest here every Tuesday which is admirable and brilliant. But also today or this week anyway there are also protests and actions on the same kind of theme really around the world. There's at least 44 separate actions that I know of in different countries and this just goes to show the extent and most of them are American bases or at least have some kind of American content. This shows the extent of this kind of clutch that the US military has around the globe. This is the worst nuclear crisis since the Cuban missile crisis of 1962 some say it's worse and it is the greatest threat to world peace at the moment. Tensions have been escalating over the last six months and just now with Trump and Kim Jong-un trading threats of intimidation the situation is in serious danger of spiraling out of control. If North Korea were to shoot down a US plane in disputed airspace imagine what Trump's reaction would be and similarly if Trump decided on a win to bomb the North Korean airfield like it did with Syria a few months ago imagine what Kim Jong-un's reaction would be. Even worse the presence of US military troops in South Korea has not truly helped the regional health peace in East Asia I think. These days the deployment of STAD which is a terminal altitude without defense system but STAD is regarded as a protective measure from North Korea nuclear weapons but in reality not only does not have such capability but also leaves China and Russia to bring arms race their own arms race. So now China has developed their own version of STAD and they are going to deploy in their west sea to protect themselves from American stad in South Korea. So Korean peace activist and consat citizens have strongly opposed to this war scenario and this is a theme of peace week in South Korea. What links consat people in Mesweb Hill here and South Korea people all together is our desire for peace, true peace, not military terms of peace. Those non-nuclear weapon states will really face with the choice of to either put up or shut up either to accept a permanently nuclear armed world and keep their fingers crossed or they could try and do something collectively together to try and change the situation and that's what this group of states have done and done so now successfully. The ambition then is to create a sort of a crisis of legitimacy around nuclear weapons and that's what we need to really do in this country to change how we understand nuclear weapons to frame them as an international liability rather than a national asset as it understood in the UK and other nuclear weapons states. So the cementing of this treaty the codifying it of this humanitarian initiative in a legal form in the UN treaty has been incredibly significant. I mean compounded by the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to ICANN. Which again lends the whole process authority and that's really important. Thanks very much. I like the way that we heard the horrors and the difficulties of what's going on with North Korea and the fears that that's raising but then we heard from somebody who's involved with the South Korean peace movement and I like the fact that we've heard about what's going on in here and in Crowton and how awful that is but yet we've also heard about the positive steps of the global ban treaty and so it just seems like for all the fears and traumas that we've got in the world as peace activists we've got an awful lot to be positive about and work towards. So thanks everybody for coming. Thanks to men with hill accountability campaign and also to Yorkshire C&D who put this on. Thank you.


Hello everyone, I'm Alicia Anderson and welcome to the Fort Report. The 30th anniversary of Fort Worth Main Street Arts Festival runs from April 9th through the 12th. If you look at here, this 25 blocks here becomes an arts festival with music and entertainment and food, beverages, it's a great thing and a lot of people come here downtown, it's a great way to showcase our area and buy some art too while you're here. People, regional, national and international artists will be here to personally talk to you about their work. Out of 1,345 applications, 220 are selected, it's a juried art still, so the best of the best get in this show and there's 15 different mediums display out here that you can purchase. Even though this is an arts festival, there will be a variety of great entertainment. The Sundance Plaza back here, we have a stage, it's a little bit smaller now since you have the plazas, so we have some acoustic acts and stuff played there. On Fifth Street we'll have a stage and Squawk Opera will perform all week and they're a multimedia type of fruit, so they'll have all sorts of different entertainment. And then the South End is actually our main stage and then we've added one this year on 7th Street that'll just have local music acts and that'll be new for this year. We'll have Atlanta Rhythm section, Green River Ordinance, the Georgia Satellites, Tito Puente Jr., a brave combo will be back after a number of years, Robin Ford and we have a good variety of acts this year. There's plenty of parking available, but you can take advantage of public transportation for easy access. On Saturday they'll run some extra bus service, you can either park in Farrington Field or Billy Bob's and then the TRE will run their train on Sunday, especially from Main Street to and from Dallas and plus there's free parking on the weekend downtown. Don't forget to download the phone app for an entertainment schedule, where things are located, where to park and more. Here's a look at other events happening in and around Fort Worth in the next few weeks. For a listing of more events and city meetings you always can check the calendar at the city's website.


I've always loved playing video games, especially ones for computers. My favorite kinds of computer games would have to be those old computer games that you can get for pretty cheap. However, there's this one game that I've played, that someone anonymous sent me, that I wish I'd never played ever in my life. One day, I was just browsing archive.org, searching for some old PC games that I could play. I found some random games, like Quake, Doom, a Call of Duty demo, 3D pinball space cadet from Windows XP, and other old Windows games. Later, I decided to check my email, to see what kinds of random crap I would get. Some of the emails I got, were news about some websites I registered to, some spam emails from a bunch of nobody people, and all that jazz, but there was one email I saw, that caught my eye. The sender's name was just a jumble of random symbols, and the subject line simply read, my game. Thinking that it was some sort of spam, I was about to send the email to the trash folder, but then I thought, maybe this might be one of my friends just sending me a game they'd worked on. So I opened the email, and it read. Check out my game. No need to download, I have already put it on your desktop. Don't tell anybody, it's a surprise. At last it seemed a bit odd to me. What sort of surprise could this game offer? Who knows. Suddenly, a program appeared on my desktop in no time whatsoever. I looked at my desktop, and saw that it was a simulator type game. This made me pretty happy, as I loved these kinds of games. The icon was of a pixelated fire truck, with the file name being, Fire Truck Simulator. So I double clicked the program, and it opened a window, showing a pretty basic looking main menu screen. There were three buttons, new game, full screen mode, and quit. I went ahead and clicked full screen, and then started the game. The game looked like an old top down game.  The bar at the bottom, showed how close I was to my destination, and it had a pretty well animated flame. As soon as I was just starting off playing, and getting used to the keyboard controls, a car crashed into the fire truck, resulting in the screen cutting to black, followed by a blue screen of death. What was strange was that I was running a Windows 10 computer, and the blue screen of death that appeared was the Windows 7 blue screen of death. It stayed on screen for about a few seconds, before cutting back to the main menu of the game. The new game button was replaced with a try-get button. I gave the game another go, and what seemed a bit strange was that the game had a red tint to it, making the fire truck appear in a jet black color. I just shrugged it off, and played the game. Again, I tried moving to the left, and another purple car decided to screw me over. The screen cut to black once again, with the same blue screen of death following it, but for a split second, it changed to have the same red tint. The game started, without going to the main menu, and this time, the only thing that was visible was the fire truck, which was now colored into colors, red and black. The cars were no longer visible, except for their headlights, which seemed to make the game more challenging, but I knew how to play the game now. I dodged the ghost cars without any problems, and as soon as I reached my destination, the screen cut to black for the third time.  The images ranged from a faraway shot of a leak, a countryside of some sort, a small abandoned building, and a close-up of the same leak but, with a big piece of scrap metal in it. The game crashed with a runtime error message, followed by a message letting me know that the program was not responding. Another message appeared, letting me know that my computer was about to shut down in a few seconds. By that point, I was freaked out. What kind of firetrucks emulation game did this guy send me? My computer quickly restarted, showing the usual Windows 10 boot screen, but after about a couple seconds, the screen flickered black, and then showed the Windows logo, with the same red tint as before, when I played that game. The login screen appeared, but what was strange was that when I clicked to unlock the computer, it took a while for the computer to load. It eventually finished loading, allowing me to enter my password and login. My desktop was the same as before, but after a few seconds, a window filled my screen. It read, do you want to perish, and it gave me the choice of yes or no. In the background, there was some sort of high-pitched beep, a rumbling noise, and a text-to-speech voice whispering something, but I couldn't understand what it said. I tried to click no, but every time I clicked it, it kept on moving around. So I clicked yes, and a message appeared in green, which read, you are brave. The message box changed to black, followed by a message in red text. It read, death is already behind you. At this point, I sat still in my chair, not wanting to turn around. My computer once again restarted by itself, and ten minutes later, the login screen appeared, but instead of loading one of the present backgrounds, the background was a dark red. My username is now changed, and it read, I like you, and my profile image was just a green circle. My password was left untouched, though I hoped to God the game didn't do anything suspicious to my computer. As soon as I logged in, my desktop was pitch black, no taskbar, and with only one program, which was the user directory. It read the same thing as on the login screen. My computer quickly shuts down, and restarts with the usual Windows 10 boot screen. This time however, the logo wasn't in an eerie red tint. It was completely fine. The computer booted up normally, and the login screen appeared to look the same as how it was before. Present background, my username, and my profile image. I was glad that my computer was back to normal, but I felt it was about time I deleted that game that the guy put on my computer. When I logged in, my desktop looked the same as how it was, when the game was first put on my computer, except the file name for the game was now Play Again.  After I deleted the file, it appeared back on my desktop like nothing happened.  Whatever was going on, there was still no way I was playing that game again.  Was someone hacking my computer, and forcing me to play the game again? I hoped not. I felt that there was one more thing to do, and that was to use File Shredder, and delete the file that way. So I opened up the Start menu, started File Shredder, and then dropped the file into the program. I then proceeded to shred it. At first, I thought it had worked, but guess what? Yep, the Godforsaken program was back on my desktop. I was already getting fed up with this, so I messed around with the settings on my File Shredder, and tried shredding the file again, but surprise, surprise, it was back on my desktop for the umpteenth time. I knew that my PC was being hacked, as the program can't simply and delete itself like that. I didn't even think it was possible. I guess I can't delete it, I guess this person sent me this, really wants me to play again. It's currently 9.57pm right now, as I'm typing this, and I've tried many things in order to delete the game, but it won't stop appearing. I guess there's no other choice, but to play the game again, but I must warn you. If you get an email from someone, with a bunch of random symbols for a name, and it says something along the lines of my game, don't even open it. If you dare open it, then it's best you don't play the game. I think I hear someone banging at my door, and I seem to be hearing a faint whisper. It sounded like it's saying. Don't tell anybody. It's a surprise.


So, welcome everyone to this panel discussion, where we will present Project Silver. It's a new initiative by the Linux Foundation's branch in Europe. And we will also discuss trends and patterns, cloud-native patterns and trends such as sustainable operations, green ops, that are gaining traction in the, especially on the cloud-native ecosystem and that are also integrated in Project Silver. So, without further ado, I will let our panelists today introduce themselves. Maybe Philippe. Okay, hi everyone. Thanks Niki. My name is Philippe Ponsargy. I'm Chief Technology Officer at Orange Business, the enterprise market company of Orange Group, and I'm leading the technology strategy. All right, good. Let's try it. So, they gave me a fake mic on purpose, of course, right? Yeah, hi everybody. I'm Tim Ionich. I work at SUSE. We are a provider of open source-based infrastructure solutions in the Linux and container space. And I'm the product manager for Telco Edge for our Telco cloud solution. Hello, I'm Jonathon Inen. I work for Nokia. And I'm responsible for our open source activities. So, I'm head of open source initiatives in Nokia. So, we run the Nokia SOSPO and run our contribution coordination and our activities externally and internally on Open Source. And I'm Niki Manoledaki. I'm a software engineer at Weaveworks. I was previously a maintainer of the EKS CLI for Amazon. And I'm a contributor to the CNCF Environmental Sustainability Technical Advisory Group, as well as the GitOps Working Group. So, first, we're going to introduce Project Silva. We have a couple of slides just for this part that Philippe will present now. OK. I will do it in standard mode. It would be more convenient for me. So, what is Project Silva? So, Project Silva is an industrial-grade cloud-native platform to cover, I would say, Telco and Edge use case. So, it's a project that had been started nearly 18 months ago in a closed-explanatory mode by five carriers. So, it's about Deutsche Telekom, Telefonika, Telekom Telia, Vodafone and Orange, plus two network vendors, so Ericsson and Nokia. And it has been set in Open Source at Linux Foundation Europe. It's the first hosted project by the Linux Foundation Europe. And it has been open in last November. So, basically, the project is quite new and most of the contribution has started at the beginning of this year. So, you may see that the core challenges we want to manage is about simplify and automate the professional model. It's about reducing the fragmentation, working on interoperability, reduce the cost. And we have two key cores, I would say, outcome. The first one is to define a framework where we can, I would say, put the story in a box with all the prerequisites. And the second outcome is about having a reference implementation and integration and validation playbook. OK. So, what is really important is to understand that the prerequisites that are at the heart of the silver project is basically to cover 5G open run and edge cases. It supports, I would say, specific hardware needs on network cards or in GPU, for instance. It's about supporting natively bare metal, multi-tenancy, service-match-enabled, high-advanced security. And something that is very important and the purpose of the talk of today is about the sustainability. If we move on to the next slide, what is important here is just to say that, OK, Sylva is a project that is born, I would say, between the hands of telco and network vendors from Europe, but it's absolutely not Europe-bounded. So if the overall roadmap is driven by, I would say, this ecosystem, it's really open to everyone. And it's very important. And on this slide, you may see that there is a room for everyone, whether you are in hardware, in telco, in integration, about the network function, or if you are an integrator, there are room absolutely for you here. And something that is very important as well, the idea is not to deliver a product nor a solution, OK? So the implementation reference that is in the project will be, I would say, productized and developed and instantiated inside the different, I would say, telco flavors. On the last slide, what is really important, if we want to bring some information about the track of records, I think that in basically three months, what have been done, it's to have 160 members in the Slack channel, so it's a lot of people and a lot of discussion. You may see that we have more than 150 features, 750 addition codes, so commit basically, so it's really interesting. We have four validation platform under creation and three from different companies. So above the seventh initial companies at the initial phase of silver, we have nine other new companies in just, I would say, three months, six workgroups. So we have the implementation, we have the validation, we have the security, we have the communication, we have the governance and, of course, a dedicated working group on sustainability and Nikki, you are part of this one. And perhaps the last thing to share, so by this summer, the idea is to have the first version of the framework. We already have an implementation reference that is working on OpenStack and on VMware and the idea is to have a new one this summer that will cover the bare metal topic. So here is for setting the stage about basically what is silver. Thank you very much and also we have QR code here if you'd like to look at the GitLab repos for Project Silver and there you'll find white paper, the governance structure, how to join the meetings, the Slack channels as well, et cetera. And it's basically GitLab, fill the project if you don't want to scan QR code. Let me, okay, so given that we have different perspectives here from the Telco ecosystem, it would be really interesting to hear your thoughts, on the team and Yona on this, on Project Silver. Right, so yeah, so the reason my company, Sousa, we are involved in Silver is that we are building open source based infrastructure platforms that we think can be used for the Telco industry as well. We are finding ourselves, when we work with our customers, we're finding ourselves solving the same problems over and over again in slightly different ways for different customers. And I think we've seen across the presentations today that basically everybody in the industry is doing that, right? Everybody is faced with the same problems, everybody is solving them over and over again. And that's what makes a project like Silver interesting from my point of view, because it is a common proving ground for existing technology, figuring out how to set everything up, how to configure things so that certain use cases become possible and essentially distilling all that into code that then is available to everyone, either as a reference in the sense of where can I look to in order to find out how I need to do things or basically just using it straight away and sort of either getting inspiration for your own product or just using it as is. So the industry can benefit a lot from a project like Silver because it can be a common denominator for information exchange and also implementation. And that's why we are there. And for Nokia, we've actually been active in different kind of open source cloud infrastructure compatibility projects very much from the beginning, kind of like starting with OPNFV, then CNTT, what became Manuket, and now of course Silver. And in Silver, we've been actually active since the very beginning as Philip showed, we were one of the two vendors that were active or participant to this from the kind of like, from the get-go. And in Silver itself, we're active as well. We have Yoni Hammerline and in the TSC and we have a Soundarika Nanda who's running the working group for which we will be talking a little bit more about which is the energy efficiency working group in the Silver. We believe a lot on the cloud infrastructure compatibility and like Tim said as well, doing things one time and doing the things the right the one time. And therefore we believe that Silver is an excellent activity, especially as we have a lot of the key operators from Europe who are coming together and who are looking at what are the kind of like ways that especially European operators can work together and how they can solve things in the same way. And this of course, like Philip says, there is an open invitation for anybody to join. That then with the cooperation with the upstream projects like Anuket is extremely important what we see as well. And that we can basically look at how do we use cloud and how do we are compatible with cloud infrastructure in the teleco space. Looking at that, not only from the cloud infrastructure perspective, but looking at it also from the cloud network functions or cloud native network functions or CNF perspective as well is important. So we are very excited to be in this project and we are very excited about Silver. And if you could summarize very quickly before we jump to the sustainability and energy efficiency part of this conversation. Very quickly, what are your thoughts on the prerequisites, the core pillars that will make projects a success? Okay, I can start. So I think that there are several periods. Definitely the first one for me is about measuring, having the information about where we, what we can make more sustainable basically. The second one is in traditional teleco environment, the part of the idols, part of the system is too much important so we need to reduce this. We need to have I would say a better dense capacity of the compute density. So for all those reasons, at the end it's a better management of the underlying hardware. And I think that with Silver and with the current mood in which we are, we are in a position to define a new way of designing architecture that will put I would say the sustainability by book and by design industry. And that's why we need to have such a project. Thank you. So looking at both the kind of like the sustainability part but also Silver as a whole a little bit here. So of course Silver as a whole, I think that what we often do in Nokia, how do we look at if something can be successful is an especially in open source that first fall you need a common problem that you think that needs solving. And then what you need after that is that a common commonality on that, that this is a problem actually that it's something that the industry needs to solve and we are the right people to solve it. Then look at that, that there is basically and the timing for that right is right and the governance for that is right. And that is basically something that looking at those when those things come together you usually have a successful project. I think that with Silver we're getting there and then we kind of like we have a common problem. We have alignment on how to solve that. We have support on kind of like off the companies like Philips said they're already 160 people getting into active there. So we have the support. So therefore the timing must be right. And of course we selected Linux foundation partly for that because it is actually and has neutral and good governance for open source projects. Then coming to the sustainability part here, the things that Philips said are extremely important and what we think that we need to look at that really building metrics of how we follow that what is the energy consumption of the actual CNF. How do we penetrate through that that we see that what are the kind of like what are the differences of that that what is different kind of like abstraction layers in the cloud and see that we're really kind of like what is the energy consumption of a single CNF. And then we can when we can measure it then we can see how we can optimize that as well. Just to layer on top of that I would have said almost everything you said as well. So I will not repeat it but I think there is one particular thing that Silva is doing very well right now which is spending a lot of time on consumability because at the end of the day this is about building software or integrating software into a system that can actually be used. And if you look at some of the earlier initiatives what I find good about Silva is that the Silva stack as it exists today is very consumable. It has good documentation. It has an easily understandable structure. There is the team in working group one has spent a lot of time thinking about how can we structure the system so that it is extensible and that it can be consumed in a modular way. So I think that is what makes Silva but gives Silva better chances of success than maybe some of the earlier initiatives because it is tangible. It can be used and it doesn't take a lot of effort to actually get a running system. And so now with environmental sustainability in the cloud ecosystem we see things happening things were very different a year ago to six months ago to three months ago we see the environmental sustainability tag in the CNCF we have a sustainability subgroup in the GitOps working group as well where we are measuring the energy efficiency of different GitOps architectures and there are tools such as Kepler which is a open source tool maintained by Red Hat where which is to measure the energy consumption per pod or namespace it exports data it's EBPF based tools so it exports data to Prometheus on the energy consumption of resources that it can link to pods and namespaces and nodes as a whole. We also see the Green Software Foundation that is now currently working on a software carbon intensity index that is going to be ISO standard very soon and so with all that said that is on the cloud native kind of evolution of GreenOps which is kind of the new term for this it's not particularly new but it's gaining traction but with all of that in mind Project Silver is in a unique position to drive a cloud native stack for telcos that puts energy efficiency and sustainability at the core and without in mind what do environmentally sustainable operations look like for telcos and what steps can be taken in this transition and how can Project Silver help with this? I think here that we must spend time on what matters the most and when you take into account the different level of the scope one the scope two and the scope three for instance in telco environments scope one and two is at best 15% it means that scope three is 85% when you have the 85% on scope three it's I would say the Mammoth is the hardware and the software is the mice so basically we need to turn off the infrastructure if we want to win the battle of the sustainability so here what is interesting with this approach with this cloud native approach by book is to I would say augment the compute density to lower the form factor on the hardware side and to do so I think that something that is extremely important is that we need to deploy on top of our infrastructure I would say more fine grain or more modular I would say CNF that because from if we take into account from the past and from the legacy we are mainly I would say manipulating something that are very big and very monolithic and it's not so easy to make them scale up and scale down so power off and power up so I think that it's really important to understand where we need to spend time first and I mean just making sure it's working okay I mean just making sure we use the existing capabilities of the stack right I mean the introduction of the separation of infrastructure layer and the application on top that we're getting through the introduction of cloud native principles unlocks a lot of potential for energy savings but we haven't actually as an industry not really started utilizing that at least not to the full extent and figuring out how to do that is something that a project like Silva can facilitate significantly because it needs to be done in a way that is essentially a shared approach across the industry because that's the only way we can get enough muscle behind the initiative if we approach this problem in basically the same way as we originally approach the integration challenge for telco cloud infrastructure in general which started about 10 years ago roughly it will just be too late to enable the operators to fulfill their current footprint reduction targets so we have to start using what is available today and we have to actually industrialize that and that is what I'm excited about in the working group four in Silva a project like Silva can make the difference in such an undertaking Yeah I mean like when you said that is about 10 years that when we started to kind of work on this I thought that no now team is kind of like mistaken it can't be that long but no it actually is that long it is overtaken or it's about 10 years it's nine 10 years now anyways so most probably kind of like everything has been said but not by everybody so I will speak a little bit about this as well so I think that what Tim said and I'll build on that it's really important that we understand that what we measure and what we measure the same things we understand that there is a commonality in this and we basically work together on the kind of like that we get the right kind of like measurements we get the right kind of like we understand that what we're comparing are really the same things and we have a common approach and this is very important in this and the way is kind of like and that we don't get different kind of approaches where we then don't actually gather their data in the same way that we don't understand it in the same way this is I think this is extremely important in this and this is where the kind of like where open source can standardize approaches on how to move forward and especially in the kind of like sustainability part and in energy consumption in particularly now here is basically something that there is work to be done and there is an open and there is work that is not that much addressed in other places yet especially what comes to the Telco area. And yeah, I think one more kind of piece of information that I wanted to share with you all is also the Green Software Foundation has a catalog of cloud patterns for reducing and optimizing around energy consumption and for sustainability so it will be really interesting to see how these different open source communities can work together to share information about these optimizations for this use case as well as there's a white paper that the Environmental Sustainability Tag just published today that also covers a lot of tools and studies and initiatives around this as well. So with that in mind what are the challenges that exist currently that limits this transition to sustainable operations? What are some of these challenges and how could they be overcome? Well, in my mind being in our discussions I'm always the person that tries to approach things from a pragmatic point of view like what is it that we can actually do? And I think the biggest barrier of actually creating let's say automation to automatically minimize the energy consumption of infrastructure is that we don't have standardized ways of collecting data and actually defining metrics. Data availability is the starting point for any kind of automated any kind of automation loop that can for example turn off things at night or can enable the network to allocate capacity according to traffic patterns and all that. And we in the telco industry we've known for decades that traffic patterns basically follow human behaviors at least most of the time now with the advances in IoT that starts to break up a little bit but there are still temporal spatial and temporal patterns of traffic that create a lot of potential for energy savings. But knowing where energy consumption occurs when does it occur and why does it occur is what we on the scale of an entire network cannot really determine today because every network is a multi-vendor infrastructure and there is not enough commonality across vendors to really answer those questions on a network level today. I mean, I think Philippe will probably agree it's for an operator is really, really challenging to tell at a given point in time how much energy does my network consume and why which part of the utilization is causing which part of the energy consumption and that is the problem that we need to solve first and then we can build automation on top of that information availability. But as Yonah said, we have to standardize this so that we can compare apples to apples and then we need to start building technology that can act based on that information. Okay, thank you. Yes, and the kind of like building on that great thing that Tim said is that and we need to understand really kind of like which layer uses, which layer is consuming energy at what point. So we need to also kind of like model that that how much actually the CNF is using how much of the infrastructure is using and what are the other services using around it. I'm like, Philippe already talked about this a little bit earlier that how much of the energy is actually consumed by the network function as in general, and this is quite small when you think about that already 10% is just kind of like of the electricity is used for trend actually transporting the energy itself. Around 30% is used for by kind of like components that really don't do networking like power kind of like kind of heating, cooling, power and so on. And even after that, around 20% is then used for like ventilators and so on. And so that is kind of like something that we really need to get to the bottom of this. And of course in the cloud, it is a little bit more difficult because you have different layers of kind of like abstraction. So you need to know what you measure that you're not measuring the wrong thing there. And this is something that also that when we're building kind of like what Tim said about automation that can help us with this. So for instance, we see as a company that the role of AI of actually kind of like looking for that how energy can be saved is very important but AI is useless without data. So we need to get really to the bottom of the right data. And so the tool also Kepler, it does use, they're working Red Hat and IBM and also Intel and with also my help at WeWorks. We're working on a model, a machine learning model, to everybody clap. They're clapping for you. Yeah. So there's a model to predict this patterns of energy consumption and see how to be able to reduce this, et cetera. But of course machine learning models have their own carbon footprint. So lastly, I really wanted to ask you about, cause we're talking about operating models quite a lot here like GreenOps and FinOps as well is relevant since FinOps, which looks at financial cost can also be used to kind of infer carbon emissions and energy consumption in that if you reduce the financial costs potentially this could, yeah, this could mean a reduction in emissions if that comes from optimization resource efficiency, et cetera. So with this operating models that Project Silver aims to consolidate, I wanted to ask you a little bit more about what you think they mean for telco operations and Philippe, if you'd like. Yeah, okay, I think that it's why I don't want to answer on the previous question because for me something that is very important is that by design Silver project, I would say has integrated the GitHub support. So we are using FlexID for instance. And something that is really interesting is that basically I love the slide from Vook, the first one, case is complicated, but in telco it's more complicated than ever. And I think it's right, we need to manage two very difficult challenges, complexity and scalability. And GitOps is the perfect fit for this. You mentioned that about Project Kepler for instance, my partner in crime described the importance of, I would say having the right metering, the right measures and with the right semantic. And something that is really interesting, we all know the property of GitOps and its ability to tie the operation, the deployment and the operation about the infrastructure, about the application, about policy and we can do as well the same for the sustainability because we can manage the desired state, we can manage the drift that we will measure, I would say, live in the reconciliation loop. So GitOps for me is something absolutely fundamental. And it's a relationship with a kind of triangle. So we have the GitOps that enable, I would say, the FinOps because the cost is a very interesting proxymetric because mastering the cost will have a direct impact on sustainability. So it opened the doors about the GreenOps. So for me, the magic triangle is about the GitOps, the FinOps and the GreenOps, who are definitely, I'm pretty sure, a very big impact in the operational model. And the operational model, I think, is important because the auto-healing and the self-capability in terms of resiliency of the infrastructure will definitely lead to new way of operating, I would say, Telco Cloud or whatever networking infrastructure. So yes, I think that we used to have what we may call the SRE in the digital world. We will have the NRE in the network or Telco world. So yes, I think that GitOps is a co-pillar of the success of the project, Silvath. Yeah, I mean, just to lay here on top, I think the fundamental principle behind Kubernetes-based infrastructure is the operator pattern, which is essentially a reconciliation between actual state and wanted state. And that concept lends itself very well to energy consumption optimization, too. So we have the prerequisites, we have the tools available, we just have to start using them. And again, Silva is in a good place or Silva is a good place to do this together as an industry because that's what's going to make the whole undertaking successful in the end. Yeah, and looking at that, I kind of like, basically, Silva is a great place for looking at this from the Telco perspective. And that's what we're gonna do there as well. One thing that I think that Nika just said a little bit earlier is about the other activities that are happening in other places like CNCF and so on. We have to also, and Silva, be clear that we don't do this in isolation and that we're in connection with the other industries that are trying to reach towards the same goals as well. So Silva is a good place for us to kind of like, as an industry to get together. But we, of course, should never forget that the cooperation with the kind of like other industries and the other players that are also working in similar kind of environments. And to close this off, I think it would be really great to have a note on what to take away from this. From my side, I really wanted to mention that there, you know, it's important to note there is regulation also that has been implemented in the EU and there's some, such as, it's the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, EU CSRD, as well as in the US, there's the SEC Climate Disclosure Rule. So there are things that will happen, you know, in 2025. And the tools that we're discussing are also kind of being built in advance with these things in mind, where Scope One, Scope Two, and Scope Three carbon emissions will have to be reported by especially publicly traded companies. So the tools for, you know, these cases that will be in two or three years from now are being built today and we're working, you know, to prepare for these things that will come. But from your perspective, what is one thing that you would like to the audience to take away from this about Project Silver and the cloud-native telco stack that we're building? Two words, join us. And I think my main takeaway is, or what I would like everybody to take away is, we have to make progress fast as an industry. The regulation Nikki is mentioning is heading our way and we don't have enough time to use the usual length of our innovation cycles to solve this problem. So we have to start. I mean, there are lots of longer-term initiatives and concepts coming that will make things easier over time. But the time scale in which regulation is likely going to be put in place are shorter than those cycles likely will be. So my pledge would be, let's start with the technology that we have today. Let's apply it to this problem. There is a lot that can be gained already now and let's work together to make that happen. Let's, if everybody stays in their own silo, we will be much less successful than we possibly could be. Yeah, as a company in Nokia, we are underlying very much sustainability and this is something that we feel very passionate about and that's why we're really proud that we get the chance of kind of like leading the working group for here, which is the energy efficiency working group. So about saying about time, I would add to that it's not only the regulation, it's the planet itself that is kind of like, we need to move fast. And for that, I really would like to say, conclude on that what Philip said, please join us. This is great, exciting work, we're great, exciting people and please join us and let's make it happen. I don't know if we have time for questions. Do you think we have time for? We have to stop there. We have to stop. But you can find us afterwards and you can talk to us and join the Slack. No, no, it's working, they just need to activate it. Unfortunately, we are just now behind the schedule a bit. So we'll need to do the closing remarks or... Yeah. I would say let's continue with the Q&A later today in the event and in the post, but we have a closing and then we are free to go for lunch. Okay. Thank you.


The Bemidji JC's water carnival is less than 48 hours away but the medallion hunt continues. Last night we presented you with clue number one tonight we have the next clue we'll call it clue number two. Well and then it reads within Bemidji the medallion can be found go outside to enjoy the day and take a look around. We will continue to bring you the clues each night here on Lakeland News until the medallion is found. I'm guessing tomorrow night we'll call it clue number three to review previous clues you can find them on the Bemidji JC's website at BemidjiJC.com.


This is a situation where there's a successful partnership there because there's an inherent trust between company and artist that even though the artist is not a classically trained designer, apparel, designer, shoe manufacturer, that's not what they bring. He is not a supplier to Adidas. That's not what you're, that you don't bring Pharrell in for a collaboration because of his amazing ability to manufacture foam soles, right? That's not what you're hiring this person for. So if all you see shoe manufacturing as is basically a bunch of components that come together to create something, then you sure miss the whole idea of bringing in a Pharrell. And I think when you hire people in companies or when companies acquire smaller companies, they often make that mistake. They don't see the people for who they are and what their talents and how they can be additive. They're just trying to fit them within a very particular sort of frame and it doesn't work. It just doesn't work because you're leaving out the very uniqueness of that person and what they bring to it. And it's something that I think you see throughout the book. This idea that successful creative collaborations are not because of the very specific, very well-defined skill. It's about what the other person brings to the collaboration that, as Michael was saying, actually is uncompromising because everybody is an individual and it's that individuality that they bring that merges and becomes part of a greater whole that is what makes the whole so cool. That is not a bunch of people who compromise their own individuality. It's a bunch of people who brought their individuality in one plus one equals 10 precisely because of how they come together and their respect that they have about each other's difference rather than each other's commonality. And in your experience of assembling teams and then joining teams that you necessarily didn't pick from the start, because in entrepreneurship when you're starting your own thing, you're handpicking the team and then when you move to a corporate setting, you didn't get to pick the talent, but you're still leading the team.


The Weapons and Tactics instructor course is a semi-annual course held here in Umea, Arizona and put on by MOTS-1. The WTI course serves to train individuals in order to become training officers and go back to their fleet marine units. We expose them to mission sets that they perhaps haven't seen before in order to prepare them for combat. Our goal is to train a WTI and have him see the full spectrum of operations so that he's prepared for anything when he goes back to the fleet. WTI is important to the Marine Corps because of the product that it produces. For a training continuum within the Marine Corps, one of the cornerstones of WTI again is the production of that Weapons and Tactics instructor that goes to the fleet and serves in that training officer billet. That Weapons and Tactics instructor is the training expert and a continuity in the fleet to ensure not only that his unit is trained, but that adjacent units can be assessed or helped to train them as well and then serve in key staff officer billets to help facilitate training throughout the Marine Corps. While it is a very aviation-centric exercise and it's focused on producing weapons and tactics instructors for fleet aviation units, we also provide a number of other venues for units to train. While we don't train units that come through the weapons and tactics instructor course, units that come to support get good training just by participating in many of our exercises.


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