We all know Anthony Hopkins is the superstar actor and he's been working in the industry for what seems like forever now The Hollywood veteran has managed to live in some pretty luxurious real estate over the years including a former home in Malibu and his Primary resident a large seven million dollar mansion in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles During a span of three months in 2019 Hopkins spent 13 million dollars to also buy up the neighboring properties creating a mini Compound reports say Anthony owns two other properties in the Palisades when you factor in that former mansion in Malibu Anthony has owned at least 30 million dollars worth of real estate in the Los Angeles area alone Anthony had purchased his former Malibu mansion in 2001 for three point eight million dollars while recently listing the property for sale in February 2020 for eleven point five million dollars He still came out on top finally closing the deal at ten point five million in this video We'll take a look at the actor's stunning homes in these videos We don't reveal any addresses even though I've done a house tour of my own place Please do not show up at any private residences because it's not safe for anyone Anthony Hopkins has had quite the Hollywood career garnering a net worth of $160 million and is generally recognized as one of the greatest actors of all time This a list celebrity who started his career on stage has gone on to win an Oscar to Emmy awards three BAFTA awards a Golden Globe and a Cecile B Demille award for lifetime achievement in addition in 1993 Hopkins was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for services to the arts Hopkins received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2003 at the financial peak of his career in the late 90s and early 2000s Hopkins was one of the highest paid actors out there earning $15 million to come back to the famed role of Hannibal Lecter in the 2001 sequel Hannibal and $20 million for the follow-up red dragon in 2002 Anthony went on to collect a few more major paidies including $5 million for Mission Impossible 2 Which was only a relatively small supporting role and $15 million for 2010 horror remake The Wolfman one possible reason for Hopkins success in the film industry is his renowned Preparation for rules he said in interviews that once he has committed to a project He'll go over his lines as many times as needed sometimes upwards of 200 until the lion sound natural to him He does this so he can do it without thinking so when you're lighting up Hollywood with blockbusters like Hopkins You're obviously going to live in some fancy homes We'll take a look at his former Malibu home a Cape Cod style property located on Point Doom and his modern abode at the Palisades Bluff location this home features an 800 bottle line cellar large theater room and 655 square foot rooftop deck.  Be sure to hit that subscribe button or ring that bell We post a new video daily today We're gonna check out award-winning actor Anthony Hopkins properties and where he calls home including his Pacific Palisades Compound and more if you like this video We've done house tours on other big screen stars like Viola Davis and Regina King who also appeared at the 2021 Oscars like Hopkins will link to some at the end as always Don't forget to follow me on Instagram to chat and now let's get into this video Back in 2001 Hopkins dropped 3.8 million dollars for a 4,000 square foot five bedroom and five bathroom Malibu beach home In addition the estate is situated on approximately one acre of lush grounds with breathtaking head-on Pacific Ocean Catalina Island and Palos Verdes and coastline views Hopkins listed the Cape Cod style property pretty recently in 2020 located on the prestigious stretch of coastline known as Point Doom for 11.5 million dollars and it eventually sold for 10.5 million The two-story home was zeked out in white and featured red shingled roofing dormer windows and sits on a high cliff Overlooking the sands and ocean below the main residence here features four bedrooms And there's also a one bedroom guest house and a pool house on the lot Which spans a little more than an acre in size the home features a large living area with a white painted stone Fireplace their wood floors throughout and a kitchen with a tiled floor that opens to a glass enclosed breakfast room In addition the home features breathtaking views that are offered from every room in the main house There are also a number of luxurious features including an infinity pool spa outdoor kitchen and barbecue area in addition to two sophisticated fireplace the master suite features a sauna with views of the beach connected by a Spiraling staircase the side of the residence that faces the ocean has two sprawling decks with lavish furnishings and comes complete with an atrium Quite possibly the most appealing feature is the fact that this property is a stone's throw away from the glamorous Malibu Beach While living here Hopkins apparently switched out the original look painting the exterior a light yellow and adding clay towel to the roof While Hopkins former home in Malibu was impressive his current residence in the Pacific Palisades has got to be the showstopper in this house tour back in 2018 Hopkins dropped six point six million dollars for a 5,778 square foot home with five beds and eight bathrooms the brand's banking new modern home is in the prime Palisades buff location and it features three levels and disappearing pocket doors that open automatically to create a seamless indoor outdoor flow You state also both generous use of top-of-the-line natural stone and wide plank oak floors throughout and the new home features a number of luxurious lounging and common rooms that are fitted with sleek furnishings custom fixtures fireplaces and oversized windows Allowing for tons of natural light and giving the spaces an airy feel Hopkins personal home theater here is decked out with Colossal plush white furniture a large projector screen and a wet bar perfect for reliving his favorite silence of the land moments on Screen the lower level of the actors estate also features a huge 800 bottle wine cellar with detailed finishes a games room and a gym yoga studio since Hopkins is a recovering alcoholic Who's been sober since 1975 my guess is that he's since transformed that wine room into something else the kitchen here is Elf it with all meal appliances marble countertops and a large central island one thing That's noticeable about Anthony's home is also how contemporary it is with a lot of fresh whites and grays throughout the residence The sanctuary aka Anthony's master suite is on the top level and as a bedroom revealing ocean views through glass sliders as well as a Belkani and roomy sitting area the attached bath has a glass shower separate tub and is outfitted in sleek marble And we all know Anthony likes his sauna So you'll be happy to know that his current residence features an awe inspiring white marble sauna that comes complete with his Inherst change rooms linked to the yoga room perfect for an at-home spa day as Glamorous as the interior of the home is the exterior features a 655 square foot rooftop deck that comes complete with panoramic ocean and mountain views Well the backyard is smaller than you might have thought it is a tightly packed neighborhood And it still fits a grassy lawn and a sparkling pool with waterfall feature and attached spa in addition The home features a number of other things including a four-level elevator a sprawling office and an Environmentally friendly garage with four electric car outlets down below and space for a few luxury vehicles our boy Anthony It's clearly fun of the Pacific Palisades aside from this modern home He's also got a luxury condo in the area and he continues to own his palisades starter house This estate was purchased way back in 1995 for $660,000 and is definitely more humble the three-bed two-bath cottage has only 1748 square feet of living space and is super hidden behind trees and tall hedges All right, so I think I'll bring this house tour to an end right here We got to take a quick look at Anthony Hopkins homes and that impressive modern home that has its own 655 square foot rooftop deck after seeing that fancy property. He lives at what did you think was it everything you would expect? Out of Hopkins personally I think he made the right choice with the Palisades home over the Malibu Beach front home out of the features and Anthony's Mansions, which were your favorite be sure to let me know in the comments down below if you haven't go subscribe to my personal channel Because I would love to get to know all of you better We'll link you my latest video Luca Magnata had an obsession with the movie basic instincts And there are actually similarities with his murder 2003 he began his sporadic porn career. I think he Luca was being cannibalistic Thanks for watching. Don't forget to follow me on Instagram, and I will see you all next time. Bye


Many car manufacturers are moving to smart out power distribution as it opens a path to significantly reducing power losses and costs and increasing robustness. As the name implies, smart power distribution is responsible for routing electrical power to the various systems that drive a vehicle. Previously, mechanical relays and fuses were responsible for controlling the supply of electricity. Now, by moving to smart power distribution systems, we are switching from electromechanical devices to microcontroller and analog and digital devices to regulate the flow of energy and trigger protection features. For this, ST has created the STR square fuse family and today we are showcasing the VNF1048, one of our advanced controllers for a power MOSFET in high-side configuration, which basically acts as an electronic fuse in this type of application. In fact, some car makers are already using this technology. We are very proud to display this module with our VNF1048 here at Electronica as it is a real board which is already in use at a customer. So, what makes this board so special? Let's have a closer look. You may notice that there are no longer any melted fuses, so the energy distribution and protection of the wires are managed by electronics only. Here, you can see some of our high-side switches and power MOSFETs. They perform the fuse function, which means they switch up the energy in case of overload and then protects the car in an autonomous manner without the need of any intelligence or control coming from the MCU. The advantage to these devices is the higher density they bring and also that such a module can be located in non-accessible areas in the car since no fuse ever has to be changed. This gives the car maker more flexibility to find a cost-effective and smart location in the car for the fuses. The second advantage of this technology is the increased protection. As you can see on the module, there is a large number of pins to plug the connectors. While still large, connectors are optimized compared to a fuse-based solution thanks to the better current, protection, accuracy, the STI square fuse device provides. Let me give you an example. Our chip can be used to cut off or disconnect a line associated with non-critical features like a seat heater when the battery charge level is too low to operate safety-related loads such as electric brake or steering. A smart power distribution system provides it with lots of flexibility and its digital monitoring functions, which provides the vehicle's brain with all necessary information about temperature, amperage, voltage or temperate estimation of the lines. With such a device and thanks to the high level of programmability and digital monitoring, car makers can use the same board for many different cars. They just need to program it by software according to the desired car options and hams save a lot of engineering cost effort. STI provides other devices, which fit perfectly with our VNF1048 high-side switch. You have here the M9SBI VN9D5D20 or VN9D30Q100. These manage external lighting applications. For instance, they embed PWM blocks to modulate the supply of LED modules and can adjust brightness and provide diagnostics. The digital monitoring of the M9SBI together with the VNF1048 ensure a best-in-class approach in terms of density, digitalization, flexibility and monitoring system. The MCU is here for a module dedicated to smart power distribution. A tiny MCU is enough. In this case, the MCU will be used for monitoring, but all the essential protection features will be performed by the STI square fuse devices, ensuring excellent performance in terms of safety. For more information, go to st.com slash sti square fuse.


So thank you everybody, and I think we need to get the session started. My name is Cliff Grossner, and I'm responsible for Data Center, Cloud, and SDN Research at IHS Technology, and I have with me a very esteemed panel to debate what I think is maybe a topic that we're all probably opinionated on, and maybe even already think we know the answer, but I think the devil's in the details, and that's what I think we're trying to get out of the panel and with the topic we have today. So with that, I'm going to ask the panel to introduce themselves. Maybe we can start over on this side. Rion, yes. All right. Hey, I'm Toby Knell. I'm one of the founders and the CTO of Mesosphere. I'm Tim Hocken. I'm one of the founders and technical leads of the Kubernetes project. Christopher Williams-Stope, Chief Architect for Project Calico. Hi, my name is Mike Gelzer. I'm the product lead for Docker's runtime. So that includes the Docker engine, which is the component most people know, and also some of our orchestration technologies, Docker Swarm, and some of the technologies that glue things together, compose, machine, our provisioning tool, et cetera. Hi, folks. I'm Pino de Candia, CTO at Midokura, the maker of MidoNet Network Virtualization. Well, thank you. As you can see, we're very well represented here today. And what I'm going to do is lead off the discussion with just a few minutes of sharing some of the research that we've done recently that I think might be of interest to everyone in the audience. And it's something I refer to as the MetaCloud, which I believe containers are a very important technology to make this happen. And so with that, let's take a look at sort of our view of how the market's been unfolding. And I think we all know history, right, around moving to off-premise clouds, computing and bare metal servers. And then we went through a server virtualization phase with on-demand computing. And that brought in our ability to be very agile. And that's what I think many of the enterprises that I work with have been working on. And that's meant they needed to deploy orchestration in their data center. And some of the statistics we heard earlier today in the keynote around that certainly bear that out. And also, that's borne out in our research surveys as well. But I think we're actually entering a very rich period now from 2016 to 2019. And I call it the containerized server period, coupled with the MetaCloud. And when I think of servers, I think of them being multi-tenant, be them virtual machines and containers. And the question we're asking is, how is that going to work together? I think there's still some pretty important details that have not been worked out. As we get past 2020, I think we're going to get to a point where we see cloud brokerage and very, very huge compute farms be exchanged on a daily basis on the spot market, just like we do copper today or other minerals and other elements. So I think when we get to that stage, I left the question mark because I actually don't know the answer yet as to where we get to. So with that, what I want to share with you is some research where we look at cloud services. And before I do that, I just want to share with you our segmentation for the off-premise cloud services market where we actually separate out from something we call cloud as a service, which includes orchestrated platforms with containers such as Kubernetes and the other competition that do the same thing, and look at services that provide orchestration as well as infrastructure as a service. The reason we split it out in our market research is because I think that's where the real innovation is going to happen in the next few years, and that's really where we want to understand the growth. And so with that, I'm going to share with you this chart, and you can see that cloud as a service portion is the blue one, the dark blue one actually, where the gray one is infrastructure as a service, and the light blue one is platform as a service, where developers are provided pre-built application building blocks. And of course we have software as a service on top. So the entire market by 2020, we project to be just over $275 billion, where cloud as a service, as you can see, starts to become a very sizable proportion, and I don't break it out yet, but I believe containers will be a strong driving element of that market segment. So I believe there from our research there's a good amount of growth now. Another element that I think is going to be driving growth in container usage is the fact that when we ask service providers in North American Enterprise, what kind of cloud architecture do they want to use? Is it public cloud, private cloud, or hybrid cloud where we move workloads from an on-premise data center to an off-premise data center? It turns out that hybrid cloud is the architecture that is slated to have the, that respondents to our survey expect to use the most over the next couple of years. And of course I'm not sure if any one of you caught it, but I saw a demonstration on Google about their latest visualization tool to go alongside Kubernetes that allows an enterprise not only to move workloads from one data center to another, be on-prem, off-prem, and other third party data centers, but also visualize the workloads. So it's for me the first step of providing the tools to really move to the multi- or metacloud, depending upon how you want to refer to it. And with that, I'm going to leave you, I think this is my last data point, and then we'll turn it over to the panel. I asked North American Enterprise, on average, how many different cloud service providers do you use? And in 2015, the response came back as 10. Now this includes SaaS providers, but before doing this survey, if you had asked me, I said, oh, I think it's three. So this is obviously much further advanced than I thought, and also expected to grow to 14 by the respondents. So with that, let me leave you with a couple of final words that I think metaclouds are here and we're well on the road to building them. I think that containers are going to be a key enabling technology for this, and I think it's up to the panel now to answer the question, how far can we go? So with that, I'm going to ask a question that the panel has actually been eager to respond to, and this has to do with one of my favorite topics, and that's really power struggles, because I think at the end of the day, not only is there technology, but there is the human side of any technology adoption curve, and so the panel was saying that they would like to talk a little bit about or speculate on what happens in terms of who's going to control what going forward, is it going to be the ops people or is it going to be the dev ops people or the dev people? So with that, I'm going to pass it over to the panel and please go ahead and take your turn. Okay, I'll start here. This is a subject that I'm interested in. I'm a Linux nerd at heart, but I'm also interested in how power works in organizations and how technology changes that. And so one of the things that we really, at Docker, we're a very developer focused company. So one of the things that we have seen over the past couple years of the sort of the Docker Revolution or the container revolution is that the balance of power is shifting more and more away from ops and toward developers. And I'll give you an example relating to networks. Networks used to be purely an infrastructure concept, and now with containers, you know, a network is something that an application developer actually defines in his or her deployment manifest, you know, Docker compose manifest or some of the other people up here represent other approaches to orchestration. But either way, these are increasingly software defined entities that are not being defined by ops, but they're actually being defined by the application developer and tailored to that developer's application. And so that has huge implications for ops, because if you're in an ops role, you want to enforce certain policies and you're going to be held responsible for security. But at the same time, you've got developers just sort of operating at a higher level of abstraction with applications communicating in ways that you can't control and with TLS, you may not even be able to see what they're doing exactly. And so I think that's a really interesting area where containers are kind of changing the game. So I mostly agree. I think I'll put a different color to it, though. So I've had the experience of both operating infrastructure as well as vending into infrastructure and being in a company that writes applications across the spectrum here. And I wouldn't even necessarily say that it was a power balance problem before. I'd say it was an impedance mismatch problem. The problem was that what infrastructure exposed to developers was a very infrastructure-centric thing. It could have either been in the battle days tickets or in more modern days. In this infrastructure that we're talking about here in OpenStack, we make developers think in terms of, oh, I need what segment, what network am I going to put this application in versus that application in? How do I connect those two networks together? Do I create an L3 segment or an L3 router? How do I connect these things together? I'm making devs think in the very twisted mindset of network operators, and I'm a network operator, so I'll say that. So we've made them think that way. On the other side, though, the operations guys would see these artifacts from the developer. I don't know what the developer is trying to achieve. He created an L3 router. Was that a firewall? Was that a... There's a question. Can you hold till... We'll have 10 minutes for questions at the end. Hold your questions till the end place. You can be first up. So I end up looking at this as an operating. What was he trying to create a firewall? Was he trying to create a router? What was he trying to do? So I'm lost because I don't have the developer's intent. The developer's annoyed because he can't do things like he thinks the way he normally thinks. What we've done with Docker Compose, with Kubernetes fine-grained policy, with net modules is we've allowed the developers to say, things A, need to talk to things B with this protocol or with these characteristics. That's the only thing the developer really cares about. It doesn't care how the infrastructure is put together. So he can just define what he wants. The infrastructure renders it. The infrastructure operator can look at that and say, I know exactly what the developer was trying to do rather than trying to guess. So I don't think this is a power balance thing. I think we've done is we solved the impedance mismatch and now both sides are more empowered and more powerful than they were previous. So I think it's a net gain for both sides. It's not a power balance, not a power shift. Anyone else? So I think the future of this layout continues to have two well-defined hats. There's the operator hat and there's the developer hat. And sometimes the same people wear two different hats and sometimes you have different people wearing the different hats. But I think to latch on to the example of networks, you as an application developer, I think network is the wrong abstraction. I think you want to talk about what can talk to what. Draw the graph of your application and let me enforce the graph and don't tell me how to do it. And then as the operator, it's my job to figure out how do I implement that. How do I take my network layer and implement the policies that you've described because now I know the intentions and I have the freedom to change the implementation without actually breaking you the user because they didn't expose you to constructs that are a little too brittle. In small organizations, even medium organizations, these people may be the same people. The guys who set up the network may be the same folks who are writing the applications. And that's totally okay, but as you scale and as you move into larger and larger enterprises, I think the two have to be different, at least in some regards. When you start talking about certifications and compliance and things like that, it's a big deal and you can't just give the developers the keys. So I think the split is here to stay, at least at the large end of the scale. And I agree strongly that policy and description of intent is very, very powerful and that's the direction that I think things need to move. Yeah, so I agree with that point. The two roles are going to stay. A developer cares about, I want this thing to just work. I have my architecture, just take that blueprint that I created here and get it out there.  So those things are not going to change. But as Chris was saying, I think we just have much better tools available now so that impedance mismatch is not there anymore. And Dev and Ops can actually work together better and speak a better language together. So we fixed the interface. I think that's the main thing that happened here. In conversations I've had real quick, just that impedance mismatch, in old conversations you'd see the Dev guys and the Ops guys on the other side of the table. And now we start talking about this stuff. They all actually seem to like it and they're actually having constructive conversations rather than throwing flameballs back and forth. So, yeah. I guess I have to have the last word. From my point of view, there is a power struggle because although we're going in the right direction with the intent expressed in code, the fact is that the technology isn't yet quite there. So for example, we're using technology that cannot express security policy yet. And so that means that customers or companies are rushing to deploy microservices on technology that doesn't quite express all the concepts that the security team needs or the infrastructure team needs. And that's okay because they're moving fast and they're going to do it. And I think the power struggle that we'll see with container technologies is sort of similar to what we saw with VMs. With virtual machines, we virtualize. And some of the traffic that could be seen by the security team before could not be seen once we had virtual machines. Containers does the same thing. And you might say that, okay, maybe you weren't seeing something in monolithic application. You weren't seeing the process interactions. But actually, now you've split up that monolithic application into microservices. There are more risks because any of those services are now exposed and can be attacked and then the attack can expand laterally. So I do think that there is a struggle and there is sort of a fear of what you put into the microservices based on the maturity of the technology to express some concepts. Well, thank you. I think that covered a wide range of things. I'm going to ask a question now that is actually dear to my heart and that I kind of changed my opinion on over the course of the last few months. So if you'd have asked me a year ago, I'd have said, there's no room for innovation in hardware. It's all going to be done in software and hardware is going to be vanilla, especially for switching merchant silicon. But I've actually now been convinced otherwise that there is room for innovation in hardware. And I want to turn this over to the panel to talk about what does this mean for containers in terms of where we might go with innovation in hardware? We certainly see innovation in hardware helping on the networking side. So we're seeing network chips now in white box switches that allow us to do... We'll get to look at packet queues and look at congestion and drop events so we can help view exactly what's happening in the underlay for flows between applications. And we can identify those flows, trace them back to the services that they belong to. Even on the server, we see that happening where the hardware... Look at TPDK and maybe this is really an interaction between software and hardware. But we see chip sets coming out from various vendors, both for network switches in the underlay, but also for the servers themselves to go a lot faster. But certainly we have to do a lot of work in servers since that community has shown that in the software to enable the hardware acceleration. Yeah, at the container infrastructure level, there are also some interesting things going on. I'm an open source PM, so I don't want to come across as plugging particular vendors, but Intel is doing an initiative they call Clear Containers where basically they'll spin up a hypervisor and run your container inside that. So that'll give you greater... If you're concerned about containers not being fully isolated, that's a technology that you can look into for hypervisor level isolation. And I think that that trend is only going to accelerate and other chip vendors are going to get into that and look more closely as production workloads move more and more toward containers. So I think that interface between the software and hardware is interesting, things like DBDK, I mean the FDIO project, they just got kicked off in the CNCF, or not in the CNCF and Lynx Foundation. It's a high-performance vector processing, packet processing forwarding path that's tied partially to DBDK. That's an interesting data path from the networking side. I'm a networking guy. I think there are some folks noodling around with exposing, doing TPM chains where even containers can authenticate the underlying OS, which can authenticate via TPM to make sure you have a trusted chain all the way from the hardware up through the actual application and potentially even tying that into network policy, i.e. if you don't have a trusted authentication chain, you can't talk on the network. That's an interesting thing as well. One thing I do hear from a lot of customers though is they don't want to tie their infrastructure to a specific proprietary implementation and burn too many times. So I think the hardware innovation is interesting, and people might take advantage of it if it's there, but I don't see people building infrastructure betting that a particular piece of hardware innovation that's proprietary is the basis of that infrastructure because at that point they've just walked away from all of the open-source things that they've been driving toward which is to make sure that they have flexibility of movement.  I'm not seeing that going forward, but I may be wrong. You know, I'm rewind a little bit to the advent of VMs and at first VMs were a pure software construct and all the hardware vendors sort of, that's silly, go away. And then as VMs gain momentum, you see guys like Intel and AMD coming in with instruction set extensions and new platform extensions to make virtualization harder boundaries, faster and more reliable. I would never bet against Intel on this. I'm sure that they're over there dreaming up ways to make container isolation more secure. Clear containers, they've got a bunch of brains over there that are working on fun new ways to engage hardware as a way of making this solution better because they understand fundamentally the easier it is to use something, the more of it we use. And what does Intel want? They want us to use more CPUs. I also think that there's a lot of room for cool stuff to happen around the authorization, authentication stuff, expanding the role of TPM. I think there's going to be neat stuff. In some sense, containers take machines that people had scoped for, it'll run two applications, three applications and we're saying it's going to run 200 applications instead and some of the platforms have to adapt to that sort of orders of magnitude scale change. So I think we're going to see some growth there. I think there's a ton of innovation happening in hardware and if you talk to any of the hardware guys, they're actually really happy about containers and cluster schedulers because what virtualization did to most of their products is it kind of just hit them away. So you couldn't expose the special characteristics of this machine because all it was is virtual cores and so on. And so these guys are super happy about containers because what you can do when you have containers and schedulers, you can say, all right, this machine has a certain GPU on it or this other machine has an FPGA or a TPM or whatever the hardware characteristics are and you can then use that to place your applications or even architect your applications. And so the hardware guys are really excited about this. I think they're all looking at what can we do to enable containers and I think that last point from Tim, the containers put a lot of strain on the network so the NICs are, just because we're running so many on a host and so the NIC vendors are looking into what can they do there. So yeah, we're going to see a lot of hardware innovation and I think we can surface it more with a container-based infrastructure. Okay, I actually have one element or thrust here on the hardware innovation side that I don't think anybody mentioned and I'm just asking one panel member to be brave, maybe if they can talk to that, is that the P4 initiative out of Stanford and if there are any relevance here. And maybe I'm off base on that. I don't know about it. Okay, well then something to look at, effectively it's a project out of Stanford. I know what it is but I'm not qualified to comment on it. No worries, for those of you that haven't heard of the P4, it's a project to, basically the way I think of it is a compiler for Silicon to indicate how the Silicon infrastructure should process packets, making the Silicon very field programmable. It's kind of like microcoding for CPUs, but now for network chips. Okay, let's move on. And so one of the questions that I think we should really touch on, because I've heard people ask me this and maybe the answer is easy, but do virtual machines disappear? And if so, why? And if not... All right, I get that. If they stay around, if they stay around, there's enthusiasm on this one that's great. If they do stay around, how do they get integrated to work together with containers? All right, I'll answer first. So VMs will be around for a while. If you look at any of the public cloud providers, obviously it's all VM-based. There is tons and tons of workloads where VMs will always make sense, where they have a very heterogeneous OS environment and so on. But we're also seeing more and more workloads moving to containers. So a lot of greenfield development happens in containers. It's a really great fit for microservice architecture, which a lot of people are doing. They're also a great fit for workloads that are fairly short-lived, where the virtualization overhead, just the overhead of booting a VM is too large. So I think they're going to be around, but we're going to see more and more workloads shifting to containers. And we're probably also going to see VMs actually running in containers, which is already happening at places like Google. I agree. VMs are here for the foreseeable future. At least the next decade, they are an important piece of the ecosystem. They solve problems in certain ways that are better and different than what containers can do. And I think that there are problems that demand VM solutions for quite some time. I do think that the balance will shift towards containers as people go for the efficiencies and the density that will make these things more affordable. But I don't think VMs are going anywhere anytime soon. So, yeah, I did, though. However, I do wonder over time, will those VMs that exist in the infrastructure, will they stay what I would call a heavy VM as a full-blown OS image, or do we start seeing more micro or runt VMs that surface just the bits of the virtual machine that are unique for this application that isn't generally available? I'll put on my large infrastructure provider hat. I used to wear it, so I think I can still put it on. One of the things you don't want to do when you're building an infrastructure is say, okay, I'm going to have X percent of my infrastructure dedicated to X and the other part of the infrastructure dedicated to Y, because forecasts will always be wrong. You end up with stranded assets. So at some point, you have to say, what is going to run on what? You also don't want necessarily two schedulers fighting over the same set of assets. I think there was a cartoon in South Park, and the ski instructor saying, you're going to have a bad time. At some point, some things got to own the resources in the infrastructure. I look back to the late 90s when we were building internet backbones. 90% of your traffic is IP, and it's growing 100% of the year, and 5% of your traffic is ATM. For the folks here who don't know what ATM was, I'm showing my age. It's not an ATM machine. It actually was a protocol, and it's growing at 5% a year. Do you build an ATM network and put IP on it, or do you build an IP network and put ATM on it? So I think as things move more and more into our containers, you start saying, okay, at some point there's going to be an inflection point where you stop running containers on VMs, and you start running VMs on containers because the container workload, if you believe in this, the container volume and percentage of applications running in containers is increasing. So that should eventually become your native infrastructure and your native scheduler, and then containers become an application on top of that. If you believe VMs will continue to dominate, you do it the reverse way. Yeah, I don't have a whole lot to add to what's already been said. I basically agree. I would point out that, especially in the early days of containers, there was a lot of confusion. I think they were often compared to VMs, described as like a lightweight VM, whereas I think they solve a somewhat different problem. Fundamentally, a container is a single isolated process that is still running on the host kernel, whereas a VM is a totally hard isolated, even hardware isolated separate machine that just happens to be using the same hardware. I think there's a big difference between situations where you want one or situations where you want the other. So I think VMs will continue to live on for a long time. I mean, it's also a conceptual model that's very easy for people to understand, whereas I think containers are a little bit more confusing. It's like, what is it? Is it a process? Is it a lightweight VM? I think that confusion could persist for some time, so. I don't think I have a lot of wisdom to add, but I guess I have a slightly, maybe a slight nuanced view, which is I think that containers will be on VMs for quite a while. I think that the VMs will guarantee the portability. As we see hardware tricks that make certain, that can make containers faster, VMs perhaps come back, because they might be cheaper to do than compared to today. So the trade-off of VM to container might not be quite as severe in terms of loss of performance. But I think certainly all the public clouds are going to be running containers in VMs for a very long time. Then if you're architecting something that you want to easily move workloads back and forth between public clouds or hybrid cloud, you're going to want to have something similar, but nor do I confine the role of VMs to act as homes for containers. I think just like we still have mainframes, we're going to have applications that are quite complex, that are perhaps not so easy to containerize, and so we'll see that for a very long time. Okay, well, we're into the question-and-answer period, so there was a gentleman over there. Don't know if you still have your question. Okay, so you're off the hook. But you raised your hand, so now you have to ask that question. If someone does have a question, please come. So why don't you get in line and be next then? Okay, so we'll have time at least for two questions. If you have one, go ahead. Great. So we're talking about how Kubernetes is trying to capture the developer intent in terms of policy language, and the decoupling it, and the operator going and implementing it on whatever abstraction means he has. But the intent is only a portion of the intent really comes from the developer, and there's a lot of the intent that comes from a lot of other people. And this artifact needs to be portable across multiple people. It could be like a load balancing guy, it could be a security guy, it could be some guy who's doing operations and wants a bunch of chef and puppet agents. So how do we really want to make this artifact truly portable across different personas, and then have the final infrastructure go implemented? That's something I think... Are you guys thinking about it? Because that's probably... I don't see it spoken a lot, but I think that's really required. So maybe I'll take the first shot of this question. I think that once... So I'm in networking, so part of the way I think of this is once we can do the same thing for containers in terms of networking that we do for VMs, then the part of this discussion that is container-focused sort of goes away. You have workloads, you have endpoints. Does it matter if they're containers or not? From a network standpoint, from a security standpoint, it really doesn't. You're right that application owner only expresses part of the intent. There's other parts of the organization that can impose policy on the workloads and so on. So you do need policy management. You need to provide ways in which you can sort of overlay and advance security, for example, transparently to the application. So service chaining, of course, becomes really important. But the management piece is crucial. Sort of the APIs that... Or whether it's templates or APIs that allow you to put multiple layers of intent on top. Just to finish, before I hand it off, I'll say that sort of... Are people thinking about this? So absolutely, I think once, for example, the trunk port... The port in Neutron or VLAN Aware VM is the original name of the blueprint, that makes... Gives a Neutron port to every container and then all of the advanced services that are offered by Neutron will be available for containers. In particular, the service chaining. At Docker, our orchestration system is called Docker Swarm. And this portability issue comes up with a lot of customers and it's something that we're very actively working on. Specifically portability between different developers or different development teams. So I absolutely agree that that's an important area. So this is something that... Yeah, we're definitely looking at... Again, I have an operator hat on. The idea is still it's an intent model. So the way you want to think about it is there's different layers of policy and policy can trump... Higher levels could potentially trump or override lower levels of policy. So the highest level might be the operations guys and their intent is we're getting an SSH door-knocking attack from this block of addresses somewhere. So on every single endpoint, be it a VM or a container, I need to block inbound 22 from these addresses. And I need to deploy that everywhere, no matter what the developer's intent was or not, because I need to save my infrastructure. Or it could be the security guys below it saying, I don't care if this workload says it's PCI or not, but he has to pick one of the two. If he's PCI, he ends up in the PCI walled garden. If he says he's not PCI, he doesn't have access to PCI-enabled resources. And if he doesn't say either, he can't talk to anyone on the network till he identifies himself which camp he belongs to. This is just... But it's the same kind of intent. He doesn't have to think about this workload and that workload. And he says, yeah, things in PCI that have identified PCI or go get this policy versus another policy. It's the same intent model, just who's applying it and what priority they end up in. So I don't have a whole lot to add to that. I want to refocus a little bit on this idea of layering of abstractions. We've got five. People built out VMs. We built that open stack as a way of managing, at least in part, applications on top of metal in a way that was more manageable than metal. Now we have containers and people sort of like containers in some ways better than VMs. Do we build containers on top of VMs or do we build containers alongside VMs or perhaps instead of VMs? And some of the infrastructure that we've built around VMs, maybe we don't need it anymore, right? Maybe we can just throw some of that out because it was useful for VMs. But maybe it's time for a little bit of a technological contraction, a complexity contraction here. It's not necessarily true. There's going to be plenty of places where virtual networks are going to continue to be really important. But I think there's a lot of places where people did them because that was how they thought they had to do them and that maybe they don't have to. Yeah, nothing much to add. I agree. Everything is intent driven. No matter which persona it is. And depending on where you live in the stack, you get the right abstractions to express your intent. Okay, we have two questions and we have three minutes. So what I'm going to suggest is go ahead and ask your question, you're next. But only one or two panelists that really have something feel very motivated answer. That's a real quick question. Can containers be first class citizens without IP addresses? Yeah, absolutely. I don't understand the question. I feel like IP is such a fundamental part of what we've built that it becomes... Actually, I'm surprised you came down on that side considering pods versus containers. I'm making a distinction there. Oh, okay, sorry. So to make that distinction, Kubernetes has an abstraction that's sort of one very thin step above containers and I think that IP addresses are an important part of the identity at that level. Of course, there are jobs that don't need networking and they don't need IP addresses and that's fine, right? But I think in the abstract, containers, this concept, the network is the computer to borrow a phrase. I don't need to add anything. Well, those are good questions. Almost stumped the panel. We've got one more and a couple of minutes to answer it. Hey, guys. My question is about impedance mismatch. So in a declarative model like HEAT, the VMs have a certain prescriptive way to be described and in the container space in Mesa host or Kubernetes, they have a different way of being declaratively addressed. How do these come together in a container-first model? Take one for the team. I think of it as two different platforms. We have certain tools for VMs. We have certain tools for containers. Why can't we do the same kind of templates for VMs that we do for containers?  Can't we just all get along? Do we want to get along? I guess my view, not HEAT specific, but OpenStack in general, OpenStack tends to make people think about the underlying infrastructure. We phrase our questions the way we define things in terms of the underlying network. The developer thinks about L3 segments or networks or VLANs. We make them think about the underlying infrastructure. That might not be the right abstraction going forward. It should be more of, I need this much compute. I need cycles of type X. I need this amount of hash space or memory space or storage, not thinking about how that gets rendered. We get into trouble when we make the developers think in terms of the infrastructure and then we lose the actual developer intent. We get what the developer thought they needed to say to get what they intended. I think that's the wrong construct. I've been hearing this a lot. I asked makes developers think about low-level details. It's certainly true that as a young technology, OpenStack made people, you can see horizon is structured around having to choose all these things. You have to understand IP prefixes and so on. There are certainly layers in OpenStack that are starting to abstract that all the way. You can use catalogs now to launch applications. I think we'll see more and more of that. HEAT is a template model to launch. Maybe HEAT isn't quite as convenient or according to your taste as Kubernetes templates or Mesos or Marathon templates. But there's no reason why. We can't build the same kind of templating on top of VMs. Sure, there isn't. There isn't a reason why not. Okay. I think we're at the end of our time slot and I just want to thank the panel for the very brilliant discussion and the leadership they provided here today, thought leadership for us. So thanks again, everybody. And on to the next element.


Honourable Speaker, I present the interim budget for 24-25. The Indian economy has witnessed profound positive transformation in the last 10 years. The people of India are looking ahead to the future with hope and optimism, with the blessings of the people when our government under the visionary and dynamic leadership of Honourable Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi assumed office in 2014. The country was facing enormous challenges. With Sapka Saat, Sapka Vikas as its mantra, the government overcame those challenges in right earnest. Structural reforms were undertaken. Pro-people programs were formulated and implemented promptly. Conditions were created for more opportunities for employment and entrepreneurship. The economy got a new vigor. The fruits of development started reaching the people at scale. The country got a new sense of purpose and hope. Naturally, the people blessed the government with a bigger mandate. In the second term, our government under the leadership of Honourable Prime Minister doubled down on its responsibilities to build a prosperous country with comprehensive development of all people and all regions. Our government strengthened its mantra to Sapka Saat, Sapka Vikas and Sapka Vishwas. Our development philosophy covered all elements of inclusivity, namely social inclusivity through coverage of all strata of the society and geographical inclusivity through development of all regions of the country. With the whole-of-nation approach of Sapka Prayas, the country overcame the challenges of the once-in-a-century pandemic, took long strides towards Atmanirbar Bharat, committed to Panch Pran and laid solid foundations for the Amritkala. As a result, our young country has high aspirations, pride in its present and hope and confidence for a bright future. We expect that our government, based on its stupendous work, will be blessed again by the people with a resounding mandate. Inclusive development and growth are humane and inclusive approach to development as a marked and deliberate departure from the earlier approach of provisioning up to village level. Development programs were thus provisioned. In the last ten years, however, have targeted each and every household and individual through housing for all, hargarjal, electricity for all, cooking gas for all, bank accounts and financial services for all, in record time. The worries about food have been eliminated through free ration for 80 crore people. Minimum support prices for the produce of annadata are periodically increased appropriately. These and the provision of basic necessities have enhanced real income in the rural areas. Their economic needs could be addressed, thus spurring growth and generating jobs. Real justice. Our government is working with an approach to development that is all-round, all-pervasive and all-inclusive. Sarvangin, Sarvasparsi or Sarvasamaveshi. It covers all castes and people at all levels. We are working to make India a vikasit Bharat by 2047. Before achieving that goal, we need to improve people's capability and empower them. Previously, social justice was mostly a political slogan. For our government, social justice is an effective and necessary governance model. The saturation, the saturation approach of covering all eligible people is the true and comprehensive achievement of social justice. This is secularism in action, reduces corruption and prevents nepotism, prevents by bhati-javad. There is transparency and assurance that benefits are delivered to all eligible people. The resources are distributed fairly. All regardless of their social standing get access to opportunities. We are addressing systemic inequalities that have plagued our society. We focus on outcomes and not on outlets so that the social economic transformation is achieved. As our Prime Minister firmly believes, we need to focus on four major castes. They are Gharib, Mahilayay, Yuva and Annadata. Their needs, their aspirations and their welfare are our highest priority. The country progresses when they progress. All four require and receive government support in their quest to better their lives. Their empowerment and well-being will drive the country forward. Gharib Kalyan, Deshka Kalyan. We believe in empowering the poor. The earlier approach of tackling poverty through entitlements had resulted in very modest outcomes. When the poor became empowered partners in the development process, government's power to assist them also increases manifold. With the pursuit of Sapka Saath, in these 10 years, the government has assisted 25 crore people to get freedom from multi-dimensional poverty. Our government's efforts are now getting synergized with energy and passion of such empowered people. This is truly elevating them from poverty. That benefit transfer of 34 lakh crore rupees from the government using PM Jandan Accounts has led to savings of 2.7 lakh crores of rupees for the government. This savings has been realized through avoidance of leakages prevalent earlier. The savings have helped in providing more funds for Gharib Kalyan. PM Swannidhi has provided credit assistance to 78 lakh street vendors. From that total of 78 lakh street vendors, 2.3 lakh have received credit for the third time. PM Janman Yojana reaches out to the particularly vulnerable tribal groups who have remained outside the realm of development so far. PM Vishwakarma Yojana provides end-to-end support to artisans and craftspeople engaged in 18 trades. The schemes for empowerment of divyangs and transgender persons reflect firm resolve of our government to leave no one behind. Welfare of Annadatha. Farmers are our Annadatha. Every year under PM Kisan Samman Yojana, direct financial assistance is provided to 11.8 crore farmers including marginal and small farmers. Crop insurance is given to 4 crore farmers under PM Fasal Bhima Yojana. These, besides several other programmes, are assisting Annadatha in producing food for the country and for the world. Electronic National Agricultural Market has integrated 1,361 mandis and is providing services to 1.8 crore farmers with trading volume of 3 lakh crores of rupees. The sector is poised for inclusive, balanced, higher growth and productivity. These are facilitated from farmer centric policies, income support, coverage of risks through price and insurance support, promotion of technologies and innovations through start-ups. Empowering the Amarth PD, the UWA. Our prosperity depends on adequately equipping and empowering the youth. The National Education Policy 2020 is ushering the transformational reforms. PM schools for rising India, PM Shree, are delivering quality teaching and nurturing holistic and well-rounded individuals. The Skill India mission has trained 1.4 crore youth, upskilled and re-skilled 54 lakh youth, and established 3,000 new ITIs. A large number of institutions of higher learning, namely 7 IITs, 16 triple ITs, 7 IAMs, 15 AIMs and 390 universities have been set up. PM Mudra Yojana has sanctioned 43 crore loans, aggregating to 22.5 lakh crores of rupees for entrepreneurial aspirations of our youth. Besides that, fund-of-funds, Start-up India and Start-up Credit Guarantee schemes are assisting our youth. They are also becoming Rosgarh Datta. The country is proud of our youth scaling new heights in sports. The highest ever medal tally in Asian Games and Asian Para Games in 2023 reflects a high confidence level. Chess Prodigy and our number one ranked player Pragyananda put up a stiff fight against the reigning world champion Magnus Carlson in 2023. Today, India has over 80 chess grandmasters compared to little over 20 in 2010. Momentum for Nari Shakti. The empowerment of women through entrepreneurship, ease of living and dignity for them has gained momentum in these 10 years. 30 crore Mudra Yojana loans have been given to women entrepreneurs. Female enrollment in higher education has gone up by 28% in 10 years. In STEM courses, girls and women constitute 43% of enrollment, one of the highest in the world. All these measures are getting reflected in the increasing participation of women in workforce. Making triple talak illegal, reservation of one-third seats for women in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies, and giving over 70% houses under PM Avaz Yojana in rural areas to women, and giving over 70% houses under PM Avaz Yojana in rural areas to women as sole or joint owners have enhanced their dignity. Exemplary track record of governance, development and performance. Besides delivering on high growth in terms of gross domestic product, the government is equally focused on a more comprehensive GDP, that is governance, development and performance. Our government has provided transparent, accountable, people-centric and prompt trust-based administration with citizen-first and minimum-government-maximum-governance approach. The impact of all-round development is discernible in all sectors. There is macroeconomic stability, including in the external sector. Investments are robust. The economy is doing well. People are living better and earning better, with even greater aspirations for future. Average real income of the people has increased by 50%. Inflation is moderate. People are getting empowered, equipped and enabled to pursue their aspirations. There is effective and timely delivery of programs and of large projects. Economic management, the multi-pronged economic management over the past 10 years, has complemented people-centric, inclusive development. Following are some of the major elements. One, all forms of infrastructure, physical, digital or social, are being built in record time. All parts of the country are becoming active participants in economic growth. Number three, digital public infrastructure, a new factor of production in the 21st century, is instrumental in the formalization of the economy. Number four, goods and services tax has enabled one nation, one market, one tax. Tax reforms have led to deepening and widening of tax base. Number five, strengthening of the financial sector has helped in making savings, credit and investments more efficient. Number six, gift IFSC and the Unified Regulatory Authority. IFSCA are creating a robust gateway for global capital and financial services for the economy. Number seven, proactive inflation management has helped keep inflation within the policy band. Now the global context, honorable speaker sir. Geopolitically, global affairs are becoming more complex and challenging with wars and conflicts. Globalization is being redefined with reshoring and French shoring disruption and fragmentation of supply chains and competition for critical minerals and technologies. A new world order is emerging after the COVID pandemic. India assumed the G20 presidency during very difficult times for the world. The global economy was going through high inflation, high interest rates, low growth, very high public debt, low trade growth and climate changes. The pandemic has led to a crisis of food, fertilizer, fuel and finances for the world while India successfully navigated its way. The country showed the way forward and built consensus on solutions for those global problems. The recently announced India-Middle East Europe Economic Corridor is a strategic and economic game changer for India and others. In the words of Honourable Prime Minister, the Corridor, and I quote, will become the basis of world trade for hundreds of years to come and history will remember that this corridor was initiated on Indian soil. Unquote. Vision for Vickersit Bharat. Our vision for Vickersit Bharat is that of prosperous Bharat in harmony with nature, with modern infrastructure and providing opportunities for all citizens and all regions to reach their potential. With confidence arising from strong and exemplary track record of performance and progress, earning Sapkavishwas the next five years will be years of unprecedented development and golden moments to realise the dream of developed India by 2047. The trinity of demography, democracy and diversity backed by Sapka Prayas has the potential to fulfil aspirations of every Indian. As Honourable Prime Minister in his Independence Day address to the nation mentioned, I quote, there is no dearth of opportunities. As many opportunities as we want, the country is capable of creating more opportunities. Sky is the limit. Unquote. Strategy for Amritkal. Our government will adopt economic policies that foster and sustain growth, facilitate inclusive and sustainable development, improve productivity, create opportunities for all, help them enhance their capabilities and contribute to generation of resources to power investments and fulfil aspirations. Guided by the principle reform, perform and transform, the government will take up next generation reforms and build consensus with the states and stakeholders for effective implementation. It is an important policy priority for our government to ensure timely and adequate finances, relevant technologies and appropriate training for the micro, small and medium enterprises, MSMEs, to grow and also compete globally. Orienting the regulatory environment to facilitate their growth will be an important element of this policy mix. Aligning with the Panchamrut goals, our government will facilitate sustaining high and more resource efficient economic growth. This will work towards energy security in terms of availability, accessibility and affordability. For meeting the investment needs, our government will prepare the financial sector in terms of size, capacity, skills and regulatory framework. Aspirational districts program. Our government stands ready to assist the states in faster development of aspirational districts and blocks, including generation of ample economic opportunities. Development of the East. Our government will pay utmost attention to make the eastern region and its people a powerful driver of India's growth. PM Awas Yojana Grameen. Despite the challenges due to COVID, implementation of PM Awas Yojana Grameen continued and we are close to achieving the target of three crore houses. Two crore more houses will be taken up in the next five years to meet the requirement arising from increase in the number of families. Rooftop solarisation and Muft Bijli. Through rooftop solarisation, one crore households will be enabled to obtain up to 300 units free electricity every month. This scheme follows the resolve of Honourable Prime Minister on the historic day of consecration of Sri Ram Mandir in Ayodhya. Following benefits are expected. Savings up to 15,000 to 18,000 rupees annually for households from free solar electricity and selling the surplus to the distribution companies. Charging of electric vehicles. Entrepreneurship opportunities for a large number of vendors. For supply and installation. Employment opportunities for the youth with technical skills in manufacturing, installation and maintenance. Housing for middle class. Our government will launch a scheme to help deserving sections of the middle class and a quote from Honourable Prime Minister's words, living in rented houses or slums or chalice and unauthorised colonies. Unquote. To buy and build, to buy or build their own houses. Medical colleges. Several youth are ambitious to get qualified as doctors. They aim to serve our people through improved healthcare services. Our government plans to set up more medical colleges by utilising the existing hospital infrastructure under various departments. A committee for this purpose will be set up to examine the issues and make relevant recommendations. Cervical cancer vaccination. Our government will encourage vaccination for girls in the age group of 9 to 14 years for prevention of cervical cancer. Maternal and child healthcare. Various schemes for maternal and child care will be brought under one comprehensive programme for synergy in implementation. Upgradation of Anganwadi centres under Saksham Anganwadi and Portion 2.0 will be expedited for improved nutrition delivery. Early childhood care and development. The newly designed U-WIN platform for managing immunisation and intensified efforts of Mission Indra Dhanush will be rolled out expeditiously throughout the country. Ayushman Bharat. Health care cover under Ayushman Bharat scheme will be extended to all ASHA workers. To all Anganwadi workers and helpers. Agriculture and food processing. The efforts of value addition in agriculture sector and boosting farmers' incomes will be stepped up. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana has benefited 38 lakh farmers and generated 10 lakh employment. Pradhan Mantri formalisation of micro food processing enterprises Yojana has assisted 2.4 lakh SHGs and 60,000 individuals with credit linkages. Other schemes are complementing the efforts for reducing post harvest losses and improving productivity and incomes. For ensuring faster growth of the sector our government will further promote private and public investment in post harvest activities including aggregation, modern storage, efficient supply chains, primary and secondary processing and marketing and branding. Nano DAP. After the successful adoption of Nano Urea application of Nano DAP on various crops will be expanded in all agro-climatic zones. Atmanirbar oil seeds are beyond. Building on the initiative announced in 2022 a strategy will be formulated to achieve Atmanirbartha for oil seeds such as mustard, groundnut, sesame, soya bean and sunflower. This will cover research for high yielding varieties, widespread adoption of modern farming techniques, market linkages, procurement, value addition and crop insurance. Dairy development. A comprehensive programme for supporting dairy farmers will be formulated. Efforts are already on to control foot and mouth disease. India is the world's largest milk producer but with low productivity of milk animals. The programme will be built on the success of existing schemes such as rastriya gokul mission, national livestock mission and infrastructure development funds for dairy processing and animal husbandry. Matsya Sampada. It was a government which set up a national It was a government which set up a separate department for fisheries, realising the importance of assisting fishermen. This has resulted in doubling of both inland and aquaculture production. Seafood export since 2013-14 has also doubled. Implementation of Pradhan Mantri's Matsya Sampada will be set up, stepped up to one, enhance aquaculture productivity from existing three to five tons per hectare. Two, double exports to one lakh crore rupees and three, generate 55 lakh employment opportunities in the near future. Five integrated aqua parks will also be set up. Lakpati Didi. 83 lakh SHGs. 83 lakh SHGs with nine crore women are transforming rural socio-economic landscape with empowerment and self-reliance. Honourable speakers say their success has assisted nearly one crore women to become Lakpati Didi already. They are an inspiration to others. Their achievements will be recognised through honouring them. Boiled by the success, it has been decided to enhance the target for Lakpati Didi from two crores to three crores. Technological changes, new age technologies and data are changing the lives of people and businesses. They are also enabling new economic opportunities and facilitating provision of high quality services at affordable prices for all, including those at the bottom of the pyramid. Opportunities for India at the global level are expanding. India is showing solutions through innovation and entrepreneurship of its people. Research and innovation for catalyzing growth, employment and development. Prime Minister Shastri, Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri gave the slogan of Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan. Prime Minister Vajpayee, Atal Bihari Vajpayee made that Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan, Jai Vijayan. Prime Minister Modi has furthered that to Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan, Jai Vijayan and Jai Anusandan as innovation is the foundation of development. For our tech savvy youth, for our tech savvy youth, this will be a golden era. A corpus of one lakh crore rupees will be established with 50 year interest free loan provided. The corpus will provide long term financing or refinancing with long tenors and low and or nil. I repeat that sentence. The corpus will provide long term financing or refinancing with long tenors and low or nil interest rates. This will encourage the private sector to scale up research and innovation significantly in sunrise domains. We need to have programs that combine the powers of our youth and technology. A new scheme will be launched for strengthening deep tech technologies for defence purposes and expediting Atman-Irbarta. Infrastructure development. Building on the massive tripling of the capital expansion and the massive tripling of the capital expenditure outlay in the past four years resulting in huge multiplier impact on economic growth and employment creation. The outlay for the next year is being increased by 11.1% to 11 lakh, 11,111 crore rupees. This would be 3.4% of our GDP. Railways. Three major economic railway corridor programs will be implemented. These are energy, mineral and cement corridors, number two, port connectivity corridors and number three, high traffic density corridors. The projects have been identified under the PM Gati Shakti for enabling multimodal connectivity. They will improve logistics efficiency and reduce cost. The resultant decongestion of the high traffic corridors will also help in improving operations of passenger trains resulting in safety and higher travel speed for passengers. Together with dedicated freight corridors, these three economic corridor programs will accelerate our GDP growth and reduce logistic costs. 40,000 normal rail bogies will be converted to Vande Bharat standards to enhance safety, convenience and comfort of passengers. Aviation sector. The aviation sector has been galvanized in the past 10 years. Number of airports have doubled to 149. Rollout of air connectivity to tier two and tier three cities under Udaan scheme has been widespread. 517 new routes are carrying 1.3 crore passengers. Indian carriers have proactively placed orders for over 1,000 new aircrafts. Expansion of existing airports and development of new airports will continue expeditiously. Metro and Namo Bharat. We have a fast expanding middle class and rapid urbanization is taking place. Metro rail and Namo Bharat can be the catalyst for the required urban transformation. Expansion of these systems will be supported in large cities focusing on transit-oriented development. Green energy. Towards meeting our commitment for net zero by 2070, the following measures will be taken. Viability gap funding will be provided for harnessing offshore wind energy, for harnessing offshore wind energy potential for initial capacity of one gigawatt. Cold gasification and liquefaction capacity of 100 metric tons will be set up by 2030. This will also help in reducing imports of natural gas, methanol and ammonia. Faced mandatory blending of compressed biogas in compressed natural gas for transport and piped natural gas for domestic purposes will be mandated. Financial assistance will be provided for procurement of biomass aggregation machinery to support collection. Electric vehicle ecosystem. Our government will expand this and strengthen the e-vehicle ecosystem by supporting manufacturing and charging infrastructure. Greater adoption of e-buses for public transport networks will be encouraged through payment security mechanism. Biomanufacturing and bio-foundry. For promoting green growth, a new scheme of bio-manufacturing and bio-foundry will be launched. This will provide environment-friendly alternatives such as biodegradable polymers, bioplastics, biopharmaceuticals, and bio-agree inputs. This scheme will also help in transforming today's consumptive manufacturing paradigm to the one based on regenerative principles. Blue Economy 2.0. For promoting climate-resilient activities for Blue Economy 2.0, a scheme for restoration and adaptation measures, and coastal aquaculture and mariculture with integrated and multi-sectoral approach will be launched. Comprehensive development of tourist centres. The success of organising G20 meetings in 60 places presented diversity of India to global audience. Our economic strength has made the country an attractive destination for business and conference tourism. Our middle class also now aspires to travel and explore. Tourism, including spiritual tourism, has tremendous opportunities for local entrepreneurship. States will be encouraged to take up comprehensive development of iconic tourist centres, branding, and marketing them at global scale. A framework for rating of the centres based on quality of facilities and services will be established. Long-term interest-free loans will be provided to states for financing such development on a matching basis. To address the emerging fervour for domestic tourism, honourable speaker sir, projects for port connectivity, tourism infrastructure, and amenities will be taken up on our islands, including Laxadeep. This will help in generating employment also. Promoting investments. The FDI inflow during 2014 to 23 was $596 billion, marking a golden era. That is twice the inflow during 2005 to 14. For encouraging sustained foreign investment, we are negotiating bilateral investment treaties with our foreign partners in the spirit of First Develop India. FDI is First Develop India. Reforms in the states for Vikasit Bharat. Many growth and development enabling reforms are needed in the states for realising the vision of Vikasit Bharat. A provision of 75,000 crore rupees as 50-year interest-free loan is proposed this year to support those milestone-linked reforms by the state governments. Societal changes. The government will form a high-powered committee for an extensive consideration of the challenges arising from fast-population growth and demographic changes. The committee will be mandated to make recommendations for addressing these challenges comprehensively in relation to the goal of Vikasit Bharat. Amartha Karl as Kartav Yakaal. Our government stands committed to strengthening and expanding the economy with high growth and to create conditions for people to realise their aspirations. Honourable Prime Minister in his Independence Day addressed to the nation in the 75th year of our republic said, and I quote, we commit ourselves to national development with new inspirations, new consciousness, new resolutions as the country opens up immense possibilities and opportunities. It is our Kartav Yakaal. I quote, every challenge of the pre-2014 era was overcome through our economic management and our rep governance. These have placed the country on a resolute path of sustained high growth. This has been possible through right policies, true intentions, and appropriate decisions. In the full budget in July's Honourable Speaker, our government will present a detailed roadmap for a pursuit of Vikasit Bharat. Revised its estimates. Revised estimates of 2023-24. The revised estimate of the total receipts other than borrowings is 27.56 lakh crores of rupees of which the tax receipts are 23.24 lakh crore rupees. The revised estimate of total expenditure is 44.90 lakh crore rupees. The revenue receipts at 30.03 lakh crore rupees are expected to be higher than the budget estimate, reflecting strong growth momentum and formalization in the economy. The revised estimate of the fiscal deficit is 5.8% of GDP, improving on the budget estimate, notwithstanding moderation in the nominal growth estimates. Budget estimates for 2024-25. Coming to the year 2024-25, the total receipts other than borrowings and total expenditure are estimated at 30.80 and 47.66 lakh crore rupees, respectively. The tax receipts are estimated at 26.02 lakh crore rupees. The scheme of 50-year interest-free loan for capital expenditure to states will be continued this year with an outlay of 1.3 lakh crore rupees. We continue on the path of fiscal consolidation, as announced in my budget speech of 2021-22, to reduce fiscal deficit below 4.5% by 25-26. The fiscal deficit in 2024-25 is estimated to be 5.1% of GDP adhering to that path. So the gross and net market borrowings through dated securities during 2024-25 are estimated at 14.13 lakh crore rupees and 11.75 lakh crore, respectively. Both will be less than that in 2023-24. Now that the private investments are happening at scale, the lower borrowings by the central government will facilitate larger availability of credit for the private sector. Vote-on account. I'll be seeking vote-on account approval of the parliament through the appropriation bill for a part of the financial year 2024-25. I will now move to part B. Honourable Speaker, sir, over the last 10 years, the direct tax collections have more than trebled, and the return filers swelled 2.4 times. I would like to assure the taxpayers that their contributions have been used wisely for the development of the country and welfare of its people. I appreciate the taxpayers for their continued support. The government has reduced and rationalized tax rates. Under the new tax scheme, there is now no tax liability for taxpayers with income up to 7 lakh rupees, up from 2.2 lakh rupees in the financial year 2013-14. The threshold for presumptive taxation for retail businesses was increased from 2 crores to 3 crores. Similarly, the threshold for professionals eligible for presumptive taxation was increased from 50 lakh rupees to 75 lakh rupees. Also, corporate tax rate was decreased from 30 percent to 22 percent for existing domestic companies and to 15 percent for certain new manufacturing companies. Honourable Speaker, sir, in the last five years, our focus has been to improve taxpayers' services. The age-old jurisdiction-based assessment system was transformed with the introduction of faceless assessment and appeal, thereby imparting greater efficiency, transparency, and accountability. Introduction of updated income tax returns, a new form 26 AS, and pre-filling of tax returns have made filing of tax returns simpler and easier. Average processing time of returns has been reduced from 93 days in the year 2013-14 to a mere 10 days this year, thereby making refunds faster. Indirect taxation. By unifying the highly fragmented indirect tax regime in India, the GST has reduced the compliance burden on trade and industry. The industry has acknowledged the benefits of GST. According to a recent survey conducted by a leading consulting firm, 94 percent of industry leaders view the transition to GST as largely positive. According to 80 percent of the respondents, it has led to supply chain optimization as elimination of tax arbitrage and octroy has resulted in disbanding of check posts at the state and city boundaries. At the same time, tax base of GST more than doubled and the average monthly gross GST collection has almost doubled to 1.66 lakh crores. This year, states too have benefited. States GST revenue, including compensation, released to states in the post GST period of 2017-18 to 2022-23 has achieved a buoyancy of 1.22. In contrast, the tax buoyancy of state revenues from subsumed taxes in the pre-GST four-year period of 2012-13 to 2015-16 was a mere 0.72. The biggest beneficiaries are consumers as reduction in logistic cost and taxes have brought down prices of most goods and services. We have taken a number of steps and customs to facilitate international trade. As a result, the import release time declined by 47% to 71 hours at inland container depots, by 28% to 44 hours at air cargo complexes, and by 27% to 85 hours at seaports over the last four years since 2019, when the national time release studies were first detected. Tax proposals. As for tax proposals in keeping with the convention, I do not propose to make any changes relating to taxation and propose to retain the same tax rates for direct and indirect taxes, including import duties. However, certain tax benefits to startups and investments made by sovereign wealth or pension funds as also tax exemption on certain income of some IFSC units are expiring on 31-3-20-24. To provide continuity in taxation, I propose to extend the date to 31-3-20-25. Moreover, in line with the government's vision to improve ease of living and ease of doing business, I wish to make an announcement to improve taxpayer services. There are a large number of petty, non-verified, non-reconciled or disputed tax, direct tax demands, disputed, direct tax demands, many of them dating as far back as 1962, which continue to remain on the books, causing anxiety to honest taxpayers and hindering refunds of subsequent years. Honourable Speaker, sir, I propose to withdraw such outstanding direct tax demands up to 25,000 rupees pertaining to the period up to financial year 2009-10 and up to 10,000 rupees for financial years 2010-11 to 2014-15. This is expected to benefit about a crore of taxpayers. One crore of taxpayers would benefit out of this. Economy then and now. In 2014, when our government assumed the reins, the responsibility to mend the economy step by step and to put the governance systems in order was enormous. The need of the hour was to give hope to the people, to attract investments, and to build support for the much-needed reforms. The government did that successfully, following our strong belief of nation first. The crisis of those years has been overcome, and the economy has been put firmly on a high, sustainable growth path with all-round development. It is now appropriate to look at where we are there then. I repeat, it is now appropriate to look at where we were then till 2014 and where we are now only for the purpose of drawing lessons from the mismanagement of those years. The government will lay a white paper on table of the House. The exemplary track record of governance, development, and performance, effective delivery, and Gen Kalyan has given the government trust, confidence, and blessings of the people to realize whatever it takes. The goal of Vikasit Bharat, with good intentions, true dedication, and hard work in the coming years and decades. With this honorable speaker, I commend the interim budget to this August House. Jay Hind. Item number two, Srimati Nirmala Sita Manji. So with your permission, I rise to lay on the table the following statements. Under section 3-1 of the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act 2003, medium term fiscal policy, come fiscal policy strategy statement, and macroeconomic framework statement. Item number three, Srimati Nirmala Sita Manji. Sir, with your permission, I rise to move for leave to introduce the finance bill 2024. Sir, I introduce the bill. Sir, I introduce the bill. Sir, with your permission, I rise to move for leave to introduce the finance bill 2024.


Even though the temperatures may be a bit chilly, that hasn't stopped people from strolling the sidewalks in downtown Bemidji looking at all the festive window displays. Josh Peterson was there as the winners of the window display contest were announced. If you've walked the sidewalks of downtown Bemidji in the past month, you may have noticed that the atmosphere seems more festive. That was the goal for the Bemidji JC's as they held their first ever storefront window display contest. Giving downtown Bemidji businesses a chance to compete for top honors. We came up with the window display contest as a way to bring the downtown businesses into our first city of lights celebration. This year's top honor went to Pine Country Insurance. Their storefront display showcases a piece of Bemidji history that was all handmade by family members. This is basically my wife Abby's creation. Abby is very creative that way and my daughter Mara who's 17 helped her out with it and also some help from some of my other children. The window display depicts Bemidji back in the late 1930s featuring Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox and Library Park with people sliding down its hillside next to the Carnegie Library. My daughter and my wife spent probably, I don't know, 10 to 20 hours on the project. Ken and his family now have a title to uphold but gives credit to the success of the downtown window display contest to the Bemidji JC's for creating the competition. You know, I think this is really good for Bemidji. I really love what the JC's are doing. JC's have really breathed a lot of life into the whole Christmas festival. Already the Bemidji JC's are looking ahead to next year and making improvements to the contest. In Bemidji, I'm Josh Peterson, Lakeland News. Awards were also presented at Northway Insurance for second place and third place went to it was presented to Canine Devine. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.