Good afternoon. You are with the House Government Operations Committee. Welcome back to day one of the legislative session. I know that many committees were not meeting this afternoon in order to give members time to get home from Montpelier, where we met this morning to adopt our resolution, allowing us to meet virtually for the first two weeks of session. However, as is often the case with government operations, we don't have any time to spare. So we are going to get started right here on day one. And I know that I've spoken to many of you individually, but I think for the friends following along from home, it would be helpful just to sort of articulate the plan of what we're going to do with our first couple of weeks. We have two urgent issues that we need to get off the ground, ASAP. One of them being the adjustment to the town meeting format, the same bill that we passed a year ago. We will also want to move again this year, allowing communities the flexibility to either delay their town meeting to a time when it might be safer or when they might build a meet outside, or communities could choose to adopt their town meeting budgets and other business by Australian ballot. So that's the same flexibility they were given last year. That bill is going to start in the Senate, which buys us a little bit of time to do our first order of business, which I'll get to in just a moment. But there's one other aspect of the town meeting bill that I believe will be coming over to us later in the week. And that is simply a clarification for communities that you cannot use Australian ballot to permanently use Australian ballot. Meaning that if your community has not previously adopted an Australian ballot mode of doing its business for town meeting, you have to actually have a town meeting in order to do away with town meeting. And that is a clarification that helps some of the communities who were concerned that this second year of allowing Australian ballot might be the death now of town meeting. And I think we will have our opportunity to discuss that as a committee, but does anyone have any questions about that or about the bill in general? And we can all get used to raising our little Zoom hands, which now can be found under reactions on your menu. Anyone have any questions? Representative Vihowski. Thank you. I believe Essex adopted an Australian ballot back in June and did that by universal mail ballot. Would, so June of 2020, would that have to be done at a subsequent town meeting or would that count retro? So that is a really good question for Tucker Anderson, who's our legislative council who's going to be helping us, I think with this bill. Is that right, Amron? Tucker will be our council for this bill. That's a good question because I don't know what would happen in the event that a community may have chosen to do that last year. I'll save that question for him then. Thanks. Excellent. And feel free to reach out to him by email this week to prompt people to be thinking about all of these various scenarios. Any other questions from folks about the town meeting bill that we expect to come over later this week from the Senate? All right. I'm going to work to get us time on the committee agenda as soon as the Senate has their version of the bill sort of on its way over to us and that way we can begin our deliberations in order to expedite turning that around as quickly as possible. All right. So the next order of business for us in this first couple weeks of session is to get our redistricting process off the ground. And so you'll see on our agenda this week that we've got quite a bit of time dedicated to redistricting. Members will recall that the process for the House redistricting is a little different than the Senate redistricting in that we have this strange requirement that we have to pass an initial bill that sort of kicks off the time of official feedback to the legislature. And then we take on that feedback from all of the local communities in order to create the final bill that becomes the next decade of legislative districts. And so we are going to start right in on a proposal for this initial map with the intention of getting it out to communities as quickly as possible so that we can start hearing from communities about what they like, what they don't like. And I think a lot of the feedback that we'll hear from communities is about where, which neighboring communities do they have common interests with and would feel comfortable being in a district with or where, conversely, is there a mountain, for instance, dividing two communities that, you know, that may look perfect on a map and perfect in terms of their numbers but not in terms of geography and in terms of the way people actually operate in the world. We have with us today Ameren, Average Ailey and Nick Atherton from Legislative Council and Nick is our map technician. And so I think what we'll do is dive right in with them sort of on where we are with the mapping process. And then we will shift years after a quick break and jump right in to take a look at the map that we will move for this initial districting proposal. So Ameren welcome and thanks for being here. Good afternoon everyone for the record Ameren Average Ailey Office of Legislative Council. I have asked Andrea to post the presentation that I gave to you all back in December. This has sort of redistricting 101 the applicable statutes that we walked through at that time as well as the constitutional requirements that are in place for reapportionment of the house. Some things to keep in mind for what we are about to hear for the next 30 minutes or so. Nick has put together a map that has the current districts as they stand presently. But this map has been updated with the 2020 census data. So with this map you will be able to see all of those areas where the deviation percentage has changed. As we discussed last month, ideally the House of Representatives has a certain number of Vermonters for every representative. And the more or less number of Vermonters per representative results in a deviation from that ideal number. So when you are looking at the map that Nick is going to pull up, you will see within the gray blocks you will see where those deviation numbers are. The deviation is a percentage, how many people over that ideal number or under that ideal number. If it is under, that will be represented by a negative percentage. If you have too many people, you have more people than the ideal number, you will see a positive percentage point. So as we discussed briefly back in December, there is case law about what the constitutionality of deviations for percentages. I would say the general rule of thumb for case law has been that if it is within 10% overall, that is 5 above or 5 below or 2 below and 8 above, if you are looking at the overall range, then the presumption is that that number may be constitutional. Once you get beyond that above 10%, then it is then on the state to prove that the deviation is still constitutional despite its large deviation. So that is just numbers to keep in mind as you are looking at this map. You will see there is a pretty big variation now that these current districts have the 2020 population data put into them. So as you are looking at these maps moving forward, looking at those areas where the deviation looks very high in either direction will be an indication that the committee needs to review that district and determine how it can be changed or whether it needs to be changed. So Madam Chair, did you want me to discuss briefly about the format structure of the bill for? Yeah, I think that would be helpful. And after you do that, maybe we can have a bit of committee discussion or I can clarify for folks sort of why we are doing what we are doing. But short answer, folks, is the redistricting timeline has been adjusted due to the delay in the census. And there is some cascading impacts of that that I think are continuing to ask us to do things differently. So go ahead, Erin. Certainly. So as the chair mentioned, within statute, there is a two-bill process. And this is how it's been for a number of redistricting cycles. The initial bill will outline districts at a high level. And does not include all of the ultimate detail in terms of meets and bounds that you will see. In the final district's bill. So the initial district's bill will, for example, say that for Colchester, there will be four representatives or that for Burlington and Winooski, there will be 10 or 12. I don't recall what the exact number is. But you'll see that there are very large numbers of representatives assigned to, I would say, these sort of big districts that will then typically be subdivided after hearing testimony from boards of civil authority, because that ultimately when you are ready to review a final district's bill, all of those larger districts, all of those larger towns and cities like Burlington, Rutland, Bennington, those will have been subdivided down into districts. So the bill draft that you're going to see tomorrow will have those large districts, those large multi-member districts without the detail of how the subdivision will exactly work. And this serves as a starting point for the committee to notify boards of civil authority that they will have a copy of the maps that you have initially looked at so they can see where some of the details that you're looking at lie within each town, within each city. And then once you have testimony back from those boards of civil authorities, then you start filling in those details, the meets and bounds for those subdivisions when you're subdividing a town, for example. So that is a high level overview of what it will look like. This will make probably more sense once you see the bill tomorrow. But that is the initial draft. Questions from committee members. Making sure that we give it an extra pause in case people have forgotten where to find their little hand raised function. Representative Hooper. So thank you, Madam chair. Given the complexity of. In city boundaries. If we know something now that. Doesn't make sense because of geographic stuff. When is it appropriate to throw that in the soup? So we are making a very simple soup. Here this first week, at least I hope we are because, because we need a vehicle through which we can. Get an initial map out to communities so that we can start taking feedback. And so I would, I would say hold on to the details of that because what we're, what we're not trying to do in my mind at this moment is is get in and start tweaking internal lines within different districts. What we really need to do is get to the, the place in the process where we, we are having hearings with the boards of civil authority. Though the usual redistricting timeline would have had the, the legislative apportionment board delivering their maps to us back in August. And so that's what we're trying to do. And so that's what we're trying to do is get in and start delivering their maps to us back in August. And then the house government operations committee in the normal time would have had hearing during the, the fall with different communities so that they could. You know, start this process with a lot of feedback from communities. And because of the delay in the legislative apportionment process, we're trying to get it out to the community so that we can get it out in time to allow us to do pre-session hearings. And so what, what I'm hoping that we can do here is really kick off the, this initial draft with the intention of getting it out to communities so that communities can come back and say, you know, yeah, your name. We like this. We don't like that. We, you know, we like being in a district with, you know, with South Whoville because they don't have anything in common with us. So for right now, you know, it's my hope that we can move through the, the legislative apportionment board's alternative map. And there are reasons for that that we'll get into when we start looking at that map, but that we won't make changes to that at this point because, because I'd like us to hear from communities. Before we start moving district lines. And so I see representatives Lafave and Higley. One of you has a question. Yes. Thank you. I do, madam chair. After mentioning this proposal of using the alternative map initially and talking with other reps and representative Cooper brought up a concern of mine as well. I guess we haven't had much discussion around using the alternative map right off the bat. And some of the, the concerns that were brought up to me, which make a lot of sense in it. And I found out that it can be done. Should we maybe not look at some changes ourselves initially and come out with that first map of ours, maybe the first part of March. I know we're under a time crunch here, but my concern is you've already had all these BCAs commenting on the minorities maps, the single seed districts. Now we're going to have them commenting on the alternative map. And then that isn't even really going to be what we're going to be looking at in the end. So again, I would. I'd like to at least discuss why we can't work on an initial map, whether we start with the alternative map or not. Consider some changes ourselves and have a more closely. Resembling what we might finish up with maps so that BCAs are actually looking at what might actually come down the pike. Am I am I off base with that? Yeah. Yeah. I'm happy to have committee discussion on that. I'll wait for, for little yellow hands to pop up if folks want to weigh in representative Gannon. Thank you, madam chair. My concern with changing the map at all at this point is that you basically are opening a can of worms. And, you know, it could lengthen the process for quite some time. And I think, you know, sticking with what is the alternative map is an approach to get a bill out quickly. Because I mean, once you start moving one town around or one district around at least to moving another district around. And it becomes a never ending process. And we'd probably come up with an entirely different map than the alternative proposal that's out there. And given that we're trying to do this in a. Expedient fashion. I think sticking with what is the alternative, at least for initial bill is fine. And I mean, I think it's important to communicate that to members so that they understand that. Thank you. Representative Anthony. Thank you, madam chair. My understanding was there are several. Districts who are happy to be. Two representatives for a single political unit. And those would. And that's been communicated, if you will, already. To the. Reapportionment board. So if you go back to the majority. Proposal. All those ones that said, we're fine. We don't, we're okay with two people. In a single political division. Those now unraveled in addition to the ones. Where the population change. Is requiring us to. Attend. To the number of delegates. For even a large block unit. So if I can summarize. I think you're creating. By going back. To the first majority proposal. To the first majority proposal. You're in essence. Revisiting some that appear to be satisfied. With a two person district. And thus eliminating that. Segment of our work. Thanks. Representative. Higley. Yeah. Again. I wasn't suggesting we go back. To the. Majorities map at all. What I am saying. And I agree with representative again. And no matter when we start this process, there's going to be huge amounts of change. And, you know, I've already had representatives come up to me and said. Jesus, we worked out and got our district pretty much all set with. You know, the towns and some BCAs and all that. And it's like, okay, that's fine. But how did you do it? And what other towns were affected by it? So. Again, I'm not advocating going. You know, putting out the. Majorities map initially, but I would. I just, I just think it's. We're going to have huge changes. Once we get to that. And I know we're under time crunch, but I don't know if it's fair for BCAs to. Look at a map that's. That's going to have huge changes. And we're going to have to go back to them when we make the changes anyway. Again, I'm not convinced. I know the whole. Time crunch problem. But I can see it's going to be a problem no matter what. I don't know if it's fair for BCAs to. Look at a map that's, that's going to have huge changes. And we're going to have to go back to them when we make the changes. So. Yes. And, and, and this proposal is really a vehicle to get us more quickly to the point where we're hearing directly from the communities. Whereas if we. If we start trying to move district lines now with. Without having had the benefit of the public hearings that in, you know, previous decades, we've had a lot of public hearings already before we got to session in January. And would have much more on the ground knowledge. We, we were unable to do that this year. And, and so we need to find a way to get more quickly to hearing that feedback. And. And that's, that's the real, the intent behind this proposal representative LaClaire. I'm going to go back to that. I'm going to go back to that. I'm going to have to retrain myself on how to use my iPad. Is it my understanding that the. Majority plan that's out there now. That the boards of civil authority and other interested parties. Have had an opportunity to weigh into that already. And. By going with the minority. Report. I guess that's how we're phrasing it. I think it's a great opportunity to weigh in on that. As well by getting it out the door. So to speak earlier. Is that part of the intent here? So for boards of civil authority who weighed in with the legislative apportionment board on their adopted map. We have, you know, we have access at, at this point to the, to all of that feedback because they've been logging it as they go. And, and for many of those communities who were paying close attention to what the legislative apportionment board was doing, they also probably already. Watched the, the presentation of the alternate map, the one that wasn't adopted. And, and so in some ways this is putting something out there that many communities are, are somewhat familiar with already. And, and so we're able to, we're able to get that feedback. And may give them the opportunity to more quickly turn around. Some feedback to the legislature. So that hopefully by the third week of January, we could begin. Doing public hearings. And it would be my intention that. The public hearings would be done geographically so that when we have. We have the opportunity to be able to recall, you know, these two towns said they wanted to be together. These two towns said they don't want to be together. And that we would look at regions of the state. In geographic pods, but in order to schedule those hearings, we've got to, we've got to have this initial bill out the door so that we have something for them to respond to. I think so. Yeah. Thank you. Representative Hooper. Thank you, Madam chair. My, the characterization that I brought up a problem is not what I intended. I brought up a process and when we would have input. I fully agree that we should move forward as you're proposing. If we start the domino effect of moving a line here or there now, we're just going to play dominoes for the rest of the session. I know that in Burlington's deliberations on this, they addressed issues with the minority map. So we should already have, you know, a good start on a lot of the stuff. So I'm all for. Going home moving forward. Thank you. Representative McCarthy. Thanks, Madam chair. Yeah, I really agree with the idea of putting the minority report map out toward the BC is, you know, when you look through the feedback that we got from the BC is on the adopted lab proposal, the majority map, there's a real spectrum of feedback and some communities didn't provide feedback. The twin opportunity for us to get a jump so that we're really doing the meets and bounds and the nitty gritty work when we're together in person, hopefully, and just doing that tweaking once to represent Hooper's point. That seems very attractive. It also seems really attractive to me to give the BC as an opportunity to take a look at a map that's already been thought through in terms of the deviations and the other requirements and statute that we haven't really even talked about all that much here. So I would really welcome that information before we start talking about the bounds and that's why I definitely support moving this map out, getting that feedback and then we do our nitty gritty work. Thanks. Other committee discussion. Well, I think to the extent that you all are hearing from colleagues in the legislature, because I know that even in the brief time we were in the building this morning, just passing our resolutions to allow us to meet remotely for two weeks. So I think that's a great idea. I think that was approached by as many members as I walked by who wanted to talk about redistricting. This is a really big deal and I recognize that. And this idea of moving out with the LAB's alternate map is in no way saying that that's what the final district lines are going to look like. This is simply a means to put another valid proposal out to the community. So I think that's a great idea. I think that's a great idea. I think that's a great idea in the same way that the LAB's adopted map was put out to the communities. And get us to the point where we're hearing feedback from communities. I mean, it was really heartbreaking to me to recognize it as, as Delta was surging late this fall. That it wasn't going to be possible for us to do regional and actually sit down in person with people. And little did I know, you know, what, what the case numbers we're going to look like now in January. But, you know, we, we have a duty to listen to Vermonters and listen to the people who are on the ground in, in the different communities. And to, to put those, those local knowledge and, and local preferences into our thinking process as soon as possible. And, and that's really the purpose behind moving forward with this, with this plan. So Nick, I'm going to give you a moment to, to tell folks about the several pages that are in the document that, that is listed on our website under your name and welcome you to, there's two different documents there, 2010 boundaries with 2020 census numbers and the LAB alternate. So if you could just help orient members to how to read those, we are all calling, we're able to call them up on a secondary device and look at them while we, while we stay in the committee room here with ourselves. So if you want to just tell us what the different pages are of each of those maps, that would be helpful. Good thing. Thanks Madam Chair. So again, Nick Atherton mapping specialist working with the Office of Legislative Council during this process. So as was alluded to earlier, we have two documents for today in the mapping side of things. We have a district map of 2010s decided upon and currently enacted districts with 2020 populations. And that should be available on the committee agenda for today on the website Tuesday, January 4th. And that would be under, under my, under my name. That's number, that's the first one under my name. Downloading that, I'm going to pull that up, this up on the screen share in just a second. We can work on that, but just, I wanted to give everybody the means to get into this information on their own first. So that map is a statewide map, purple boundaries, title 2010 district boundaries with 2020 census population. And it's a three page PDF with six or sorry, four inset maps of urban areas around the state that I put in there just so that people can get a better look at the detail areas of some of these smaller districts. The second one that might be useful is the LAB, alternate statewide districts map 2020. This is a, as we discussed earlier, this is the alternate plan that has been mapped out. It has one inset map of the Burlington area. And we can pull up the dynamic version of this and take a closer look at it later on if we'd like to, but those are both available. And I'm happy to answer questions about those. I'm now, sorry, actually, in fact, I know it's a good time. Does anyone have any questions about those or how to access them? It looks like representative LaFave has her hand up. Thank you. So I just had a quick clarifying question. When you go over and hover on the, there's a lot of different little boxes, but it looks like the new orange one, one. And then it's right by Washington three and Washington one. There's a lot of red boxes, which for me indicated that was a break in the district, but it has Williamstown as like its own district and oranges, its own districts. I don't know if some of the lines got a little scrambled there. Representative LaFave, are you talking about the, the alt plan, the alternative plan or the 2010, or the older districts? Oh, the alternative plan. Oh, got you. Sorry. Yeah, sure. Well, now we're, now we're seeing exactly the challenges that remote map viewing and creation are going to bring up. So, and that, that district again was. New orange one, one. I'm sorry. Yeah. My dogs get excited when they hear people and they're relearning zoom. Sorry. Yeah. Yeah. I believe what you're seeing there is actually just some. It's just the line, the district boundary lines themselves. Just being sort of confusingly large and obscuring where the actual lines are going to go. So one thing that we can do is pull up the, like I said, the dynamic version of this, which is going to provide us with some better, more accurate detail of that. But one thing too is that sort of in the, over the course of today, I've realized that when I'm creating these static maps and distributing them as PDFs, it's going to be worth it to create separate pages with certain urban areas among those being buried in Montpelier area. So that questions like this can be preempted and, and, and the, the information can be, can be displayed more, more clearly. Yeah. Thank you. I appreciate that. I understand this is all like a learning as you're running situation. But when I looked at it, it did look a little fun for a minute there, but thank you. Representative. So. Robert, representative Lafave, if you are using an iPad to look at the maps. Currently. Yeah.  If you use your fingers. If you can see the new orange one, one, if you really focus in on it. You can see it a lot better if it's blown up. And so you can see it's, it's Williamstown and orange and part of Washington. If you blow it up. I don't know if that helps you, but. Like you say, there's lines between there. Oh yeah. One second. You can take two of us. Okay. Good thing you guys are helping each other out. There's the block that black block in like the 5.71% is blocking where the one little straw through is covering. Sorry. I'm sorry. Thank you. Yeah. And folks, I think that this is, this is illustrative of why it's going to be challenging for us to be editing maps in this kind of way. So, you know, we have to choose how, how we ask Nick to create a map to distribute to us when it goes out on a, as a static document as a PDF and in the width of the district lines and the size of the labels on the boxes is really, you know, it's, it, it's built for viewing the entire state. So, you know, you know, when we're on a static map, we see those challenges.  You can't even see Barry city's district because it's completely encompassed behind the, the Washington three. Label on here. And so. I admit is my hope that by the time we get to actually moving district lines as we, you know, after we've had a chance to hear from the communities that we are, we're going to be able to see what we're doing where we all have much more ability to, to see what we're doing. So, Nick was pausing for questions. Does anyone else have questions about how to read either of these two maps or how to access. All right, Nick. Anything else? Thanks, Madam chair. I think, you know, that, that actually, that's the issue that we're going to be dealing with when it comes to this technology, which is a certain amount of conflict between being able to display maps that show the whole state. And a snapshot and then also maps that are able to show detail to the level that we're going to need to be able to complete this process. So that's what I'm here to do is to help manage that conflict. And with that being said, I think it's probably good that we, Madam chair, with your permission, if we, if I share my screen and show what the stat with the current map looks like and in a way that we can manipulate and just demonstrate some of the ways that we're going to be able to communicate with one another about viewing these maps live. Sure. Okay. Here we go. We just need to make sure that you've been made a co-host. There we go.  Thank you. Now I'm unable to see my own screen. So is ever, is everyone able to see what I'm seeing? This should be a statewide map. Yes.  If you are zooming and looking at the screen, you may want to shrink down the, the size of our little boxes so that you can see more of the screen, but folks, feel free to contact me afterward. If you want to talk through different ways of doing this, that make it work better for you, but go right ahead, Nick, and walk us through what, what you're doing here on the map. Sure. So what we're currently looking at is, uh, our current 2010 as drawn, uh, the districts with, um, the numbers as Amaran alluded to the sense of the 2020 census numbers. So let's just take a quick look at one district as an example. And we will use my area of the world, the Addison County area, um, as an example. So here we, here we see Addison one, uh, on this, we have Middlebury, 9,152 people. Addison one, six, uh, uh, that's the district label as in one, the percentage is as Amaran alluded to the deviation from the ideal. And then 9,152 in this, within this gray box here refers to the gross population of that district. So you'll notice over in Addison five, we have a negative deviation of 13.18%. And a total population of 3,722 people, but that district encompasses New Haven, Waveridge and Redport. So that totals to 3,200 or 3,722. Whereas Middlebury is just a single district with, uh, with a town itself of Middlebury. So that's why the population totals match one another on the town and on the district itself. Um, let's see, uh, a couple other notes. We don't have a legend going right now because this is a draft map that we're looking at, but the, uh, green dotted lines indicate town subdivisions or city subdivisions. Um, and the purple lines indicate, um, district, uh, divisions. So often the reason you won't see too many green lines is because most of these districts run along, um, sub-town or city lines, but where they don't, it's because, um, they have been drawn to either have multiple towns in the same district or because the district line follows some other geographic or demographic features such as a census blocked or, uh, a river or some other kind of, um, some other kind of boundary. Um, let's see, are there any questions at this point? I am not seeing anybody pop up with a hand, but okay, go right ahead. Okay, great. So, um, we're going to just zoom out. Um, let's see. Some of these gold lines here indicate county boundaries. I've left those in without labeling the counties themselves. I think we all more or less know where Vermont's counties are, but, uh, these help us, um, orient where we are and, uh, the county labels themselves are available upon request. So, um, let's see. Let's see. As you can see as we, as I pan around the map, some of these labels will change, jump, um, to different places. And that's because this mapping program is just rearranging these things automatically. It's also why not all of them will be displayed. So if we were to zoom into the Drunkton area, you'll see more and more of these labels pop up as more and more of these districts become clear. And Representative Gannon, I believe you have a question. Go ahead. Not so much a question, but a statement. Um, if people are using a laptop, um, if you look at the upper part of your screen, there are view options. And so when I, when Nick originally pulls this up, it's the view option is fit to window. And so it's a lot smaller. So if you go to a hundred percent original size, it looks a lot bigger on your screen. And it's a lot easier to read. So, um, if you're on a laptop, you might want to try that. Right. So view options and then zoom ratio. And if you look at the little, uh, triangle, it will give you options to look at it. 50% view a hundred percent or even larger. So, um, trying a hundred percent might help you be able to see better. So, um, I just wanted to draw everyone's attention to how I'm going to be using this, uh, map in committee. Um, this is like I said, a draft map using this file that we're looking at. I can print, um, static PDF maps with a little bit of, uh, preparation time. And, um, I can also, if I wanted to start read, start adjusting some of these boundaries and we could get, um, wide update information on what the changes would, uh, reveal. Um, but for the moment, I just wanted to demonstrate how we can navigate around the maps to take a look at various things as they are currently drawn. And, um, make sure that that ever, that works for everyone. I'm working on ways to try to make this program work a little bit better via zoom and working on map design, um, uh, standards to try to make just the whole thing look easier. Um, I think what I will probably do in addition to the current information that we have on the labels is add the number of members for district because currently it's not shown. It's pretty easy to infer, but, uh, it would just make self save everyone a little bit of math, uh, if we were to do that. So I'll update the labels with those and, um, any other, uh, uh, requests for information, um, or, uh, or display, please let me know and I will do my best to accommodate those. And Anthony has this hand up. Representative Anthony, you're muted. And, and we can christen you the first, uh, you're on mute of 2022. So happy new year. Happy new year in return. Anyway, Nick, uh, uh, they're presumably, I tried this, uh, earlier on with the majority map. If you, um, zoom in, uh, I can, I can obviously figure out. Uh, I can, I can figure out, um, uh, how to identify or infer why the lines are all squiggly. There must be in some districts. Uh, I'm just wondering, is there a legend. That goes with this. So I could understand. That a district line, for instance, follows the adequate your river or. Some such so I can make some sense of it. Or will those. A kind of details pop up. When I go to, you know, when I go to the district line, I don't know if that's a good point. So that's going to be another one of the limitations. Um, and it's a really good point. That's another limitation of doing this by zoom, because the static maps that you'll see are, um, they are what they are. Whereas, um, right now, Nick is in the map to do program. And you, we all noticed that as he was zooming closer into Chittenden County, he is seeing some of the water parks, and parks and water bodies. Um, and so, and this now the zoom that we're at right now is actually showing us at the census block level. So if you needed to find 200 people, you could look along the border and find. 200 people. Um, you know, to, to switch districts around this is what I'm building. Because it is it's extremely challenging. And it's not something that is easily exportable to us to play around with it at home. That's what I was afraid of. So Nick, back to you with any other orientation that you want to show us? Actually, I think your your last point kind of said it all, Madam Chair, that's basically what I was hoping to the point I was hoping to make. This provides us what's on screen now provides us with a pretty good example of that. We can see along here, there is the Winooski River, it is labeled. There's a town there's a green town line between Burlington and Winooski. Although you can see that the district purple line does not fall along that. In fact, it falls somewhat south into Burlington, encompasses this area bounded by what I assume is Riverside Drive. And each of these little numbers tells you how many people are living in each one of those census blocks. So that's also why the Winooski population of 7,997 people does not match the district population of 8,563 people, despite the district almost perfectly overlaying Winooski geographically speaking. So this is like, like Madam Chair was saying, this is the sort of granular detail that we can get into, although there's a bit of a trade off on being able to in terms of visualization, being able to show display this sort of information on this district level versus at the state level. That's pretty much it. But that's sort of what we are working with in terms of the power of this mapping software. And when we actually start or if we end up starting to change district boundaries from what they are currently drawn, we can use these census blocks as the smallest geographic or demographic units by which to manipulate boundaries and the size of districts. That's really all I have in terms of basic introduction. And I'm happy to just take questions and comments from here on out. Great representative Hooper. Thank you, Madam Chair. That last comment that Nick made, are we restricted in actually breaking up a census block to meet some kind of parity or geographic boundary sort of? The census block is the smallest unit of known population that we have in our data. And so you'll see some of these blocks have zero or 14 or other blocks have 229 people in them. And so for the purposes of places where we're crossing other political subdivisions will be the smallest unit that we can use is that census block unit. Representative Anthony? Yes, thank you very much. That gives me pause. I once upon a time was a census go to guy collector of current population survey information income wages and whatnot. And the interesting thing is the census blocks are not designed unlike our statute and our charge under the statute. They are not designed to follow any kind of logic that you and I normally are familiar with either either geographic boundaries like mountains or or rivers or political subdivisions or awards. So while you're perfectly right, that's the most granular data you have. The interesting thing is the census block for our purposes is really ripe for manipulation in the sense of putting them together or taking combinations of each of them for purely numerical convenience, since they don't represent any of the statutory standards that we are confronting when we undertake the task anyway. Other questions for Nick on what we are looking at and how we are going to be able to communicate with maps during this remote meeting time. All right, well, let's go ahead and go off screen share so that we can resume our virtual room here and so committee any questions for for Nick or Amron before we take a quick break and then dive into the alternate map that the LAB didn't choose. All right. So committee, let's go ahead and take a 15 minute break. Welcome you all to resume good zooming protocol and hygiene and get out and do some stretching move around get yourself something to drink maybe some fresh air


Hi everyone Sean with jaspys case breaks calm and jaspys calm for personal breaks doing a quick Pokemon TCG ultra ball ultra ball tin break for Adam. He's already picked out his tin And here it is. Is it the same? Oh, it's a gold one And it's Pikachu. I don't know if that's special or if that's comes with these every one of those ones But that's pretty cool Let's see. We've got evolutions crimson invasion and burning shadow So are we doing crimson invasion or burning shadows last Adam? Yeah, you're not the only one prim So we're doing burning shadows last okay cool So Venus our spirit link energy retrieval knit arena Polly wag dig lit Seal need a ran bonita Arcanine foil and base Arcanine Adam. Do you know? I'm gonna say current year or these These look like maybe 2016. I don't know fighting memory haunter psychic memory shellmate distrivious cacti a geodude stewful Swinab foil and reggae gas What is this? Reggae gas reggae gas Let's see in this one Adam. Maybe it's the one that you saved for last Reggae gas energy knocked out ride on Charmeleon Pampur Porygon Ratata Charmander pan seer Caterpie foil and Meowstick, so no full art for you Adam But thank you very much for giving it a shot and that was a Pokemon TCG ultra ball tin Personal break for Adam available on Jaspies comm for personal breaks. I'm Sean Jaspies case breaks comm and Jaspies comm We'll see you guys next time


Consider this table of quarterly sales over three years. It's a two-dimensional table with rows and columns. Here's how we represent it in Java. We use two sets of square brackets instead of one, and we put each row of the table in its own set of braces. You might be thinking, that looks a lot like an array that has three arrays in it, and you'd be entirely correct. Here's what's happening behind the scenes. Sales is a reference to an array of length three, as there are three rows, and each item in that array is a reference to another array that has the elements for that row. That means that if we ask for the length of the sales array, we'll get three. Let's go to a Java program and try it. We'll do system.out.printline. Length of sales is plus sales.length. Compile it and run it, and the length of the sales is three. If we want to find out how many columns the array has, we look at the length of one of its rows. Let's find the number of columns in row zero is sales sub zero, which is the first sub array, and its length. And let's run it, and the number of columns in row zero is four. In this array, all our rows have the same number of elements, but because of the way Java stores 2D arrays, there's no law that says that rows must have equal length. To access an individual element of an array, you need to use two sets of square brackets with the row number first, then the column number. Sales sub zero two is row zero column two, and sales sub two one is row two column one. Now let's write code to get the grand total of the numbers in the array. We'll set our grand total to zero, and then I'll need a nested loop. The outer loop will iterate through the rows. For int row equals zero, row less than sales dot length, row plus plus. Notice that I'm using row as my counter variable rather than i. This makes the code much more understandable. My inner loop will iterate over the columns. For column equals zero, column less than sales sub row dot length, remember the number of items in each sub array is the number of columns, and then we'll add one to the number of columns, and inside this nested loop we'll set the grand total to be the previous value plus the item at the given row and column. Once we're out of the loop, we print the grand total properly labeled, and I'll use printf for that. The grand total is dot and with .2f, so it looks like a monetary format, and grand total. Let's recompile and rerun it, and the grand total is 186. Now let's get the yearly totals. We'll set a constant base year to be our first year, 2016, and in this loop, we're going to iterate over the rows because each row represents a year, and at this point we set our yearly total to zero. Unlike the grand total, we have to set the yearly total to zero at the beginning of each year. Then we can run our column loop. For column equals zero, column less than sales sub row dot length, column plus plus, our yearly total will be incremented by the sales for the given row and column. After we've processed a row, we print its results. Total for the year is, and the year will be the base year plus the row, and the yearly total. The print on lines 27 and 28 is inside the row loop. We need to print this after we process each row. Let's compile, and let's run. And there are our yearly totals. Finally, we'll have another nested loop to print our quarterly results. This time the outer loop will iterate over the column because each column represents a quarter. For int column equals zero, column less than sales sub zero dot length, and I'm using row zero here because all of my rows happen to be the same length. In this case I'm going to set my quarterly total to zero at the beginning of each column, and then I'll go down the rows for that column. And my quarterly total plus and becomes sales row column. It's important to note that when you access the array element, you always put the row first. Even though your outer loop may be going over the columns first, you always access an element in the array by its row, and then its column. At the end of processing each column, we print the quarterly result. The total for quarter is... we'll fill in the column plus one. Remember, our column goes zero, one, two, three, but humans expect to see q1, q2, q3, and q4. And our quarterly total. Let's save that and compile and run. That's what you need to know to work with multi-dimensional arrays.


Time here for more systems and are you looking for a simple, easy, no database setup, no time spent configuring with long instructions, simple monitoring system so you can get really high fidelity real time to the second monitoring data out of your Linux servers? Then that data is probably what you want to look at. It is a great tool I've been using for a while and I want to talk about their dashboard online, how you get it set up and configured. I've talked about it a while ago but boy has this project improved over the years but one thing they've really done right is keeping it simple, simple to deploy, simple to manage, simple to set up. So we're going to cover how to get it going and it's just a one line click. That part's going to be easy, which data you can get out of it and how it differs from some other products that are in that market space essentially and why it's still a good one to use even if you're also using those other ones. Before we dive into the details of this video, let's first, are you an individual or company looking for support on a network engineering, storage or virtualization project? Is your company or internal IT team looking for someone to proactively monitor your system security or offer strategic guidance to keep your IT systems operating smoothly? Not only would we love to help consulting your project, we also offer fully managed or co-managed IT service plans for businesses in need of IT administration or IT teams in need of additional support. With our expert install team, we can also assist you with all of your structured cabling and Wi-Fi planning projects. If any of this piques your interest, fill out our Hire Us form at laurancesystems.com so we can start crafting a solution that works for you. If you're not interested in hiring us but you're looking for other ways you want to support this channel, there's affiliate links down below to get you deals and discounts on products and services we talk about on this channel. And now back to our content. Architected for speed, automated for easy. Slash your time to detect and troubleshoot and resolve infrastructure and performance problems with the permanently free, because it's fully open source, zero configuration. I can attest to that configuration tool that makes infrastructure monitoring and troubleshooting dramatically easier for both experts and beginners. So in short, what they're saying here is they don't just produce pretty dashboards, they produce useful dashboards for monitoring. And yes, we'll show how to get it set up and it is really just a one click install, but it's open source. If you want to go through and compile everything yourself, you can do that as well. Now what does it monitor? Well, over 200 as of June of 2022, different applications and integrations and a lot of details about your Linux server. So it's not just monitoring disk and CPU usage, but it can actually dig in and monitor Apache or elastic search or even ZFS. There's a long list and these are all auto configured when you run the installer. You don't have to go through and set each of these up. It finds them, it sees those services running and then adds them to the pool of data. We'll get into how that works momentarily, including we'll set it up on my great log system and show you how I can see the elastic queries and the MongoDB queries as they're running. But before we get to the installer, I want to talk about what net data is and what that data is not. It is wonderful for that real time monitoring, but it is not something such as Zavix, which I've talked about on this channel, that provides you that two way communication where you can say, here's some type of information that Zavix has gathered, some type of anomaly it's found, and then we want to perform an action based on an information. It is not a server client type of setup. It is a agent that allows you to view a dashboard. This dashboard does not have any detailed information in terms of personal information about you. I say it like that because it's not giving up IP addresses. It's not giving up other than the name of the processes that are running. It's not giving up a lot of data about it because it is privacy oriented in that way. I bring it up because if you're interested in using the net data cloud, which we'll be showing in this demo, you're probably wondering what data are they gathering about me. And there is a limited amount of data that you have on there, but the finite details of your system are not on there. So like the actual data that's coming out of your system like files that are produced in the contents thereof are not transmitted through net data. But by the way, you do not have to use their cloud. You can completely run this independently so you're only running it the agent itself on each of your Linux instances. And that's it. Even if you connect it to the cloud, you still have local access and we'll show how that works. Automatic one line installation script. Do you want automatic updates? Default is enabled, but we can uncheck that. Do you want nightly or stable releases? You can uncheck that and choose which one you want. Do you want to contribute to anonymous statistics? They give you an easy opt out just by unchecking it. We're going to want to participate in all these things. And what they're doing for each one of these I check or uncheck is just adding a different command line parameter on here. And once you have the command line parameters that you want, so we'll go ahead and put that back on there. We're just going to click the little copy command. That command into my Ubuntu instance right here, press center. And what's the sudo password? So we'll type that really quick. It's going to run a quick update and we're doing this all in real time. Say yes. And setting up net data repo connecting. Got to download real quick. Yes. And we're done. Net data is installed. That's it. It automatically opens up on port one, nine, nine, nine, nine. So I'll just do is go to the IP address, this machine that port and instantly see net data. Now we just loaded on this one. So nothing interesting is going to be in there. So I'm going to bounce over to my local gray log server. And we're going to run some queries against it. And we're going to show you what the net data dashboard looks like when you're looking at it locally. Now before we go to the dashboard, I want to make a note that I did make a couple changes to the default net data.com dashboard. What I did was set up memory mode to be DB engine, because normally net data only stores things inside of memory. So those data statistics should be lost with a reboot. If you set memory mode, DB engine, set a page cache size, DB engine, multi host to space, how much space you want it to have. And this is all within the documentation. That's all you have set up. I did not actually do any database setup. I just had to put these lines in. And the final line I did was machine learning enabled. It's a new feature they've added. So I went ahead and turned it on. It's not on by default as of the recording of this video in June, 2022. Now here's the local net data dashboard. We have system overview here. We can jump between CPU memory. Look at our networking stack. Look at our network interfaces. If you want to know how much data is traversing those interfaces, users, what this users are using. And you can see we have a MongoDB and an Elasticsearch user. By clicking on any of these, you can filter down to exactly which user is using how much process is. And that's all I'm doing is clicking on any of this. All the changes I make, or even any of the modifications I make by clicking the little here icon down here, this is all just set with session cookies. Nothing you do within this panel, this interface, actually interacts with the agent. It's all just read-only data. And you're just setting cookies on your system to remember the options that you chose, such as this one right here, where do you want to refresh the charts? I say always because what I want to do is go back over here, system overview, and I have my gray log interface pulled up on another window, and I want to run a couple queries in the dashboard so you can see the different types of information that this will show, including the query and how much data that uses and gets you the idea of how you would drill down when you're troubleshooting, such as, well, queries running slow. We'll start with going right here and just say we're going to keep this at the last five minutes. Or actually, let's look at the last 12 hours first. So if you lay last 12 hours, hit apply. Last 12 hours, generally, this system is really, well, barely using anything, maybe 10% of CPU across. So pretty slow, low overall usage. Go back to the last five minutes, hit apply. And this is where I logged in and did at least one query and you see it push the CPU usage all the way up. I'm going to do another query real quick. All right, did another query and we see the CPU usage ramping up here and we can probably jump over to disk usage. And yeah, this usage going to 100% because I told it's a query. All records available to look for a couple different things. Now, as I said, other applications such as Elastic and Mongo are detected. So here's our Mongo.local, what queries are done in Mongo. Go over here to Elasticsearch, what queries are being done in Elastic. And any of these time slices, if we pause this and let's go ahead and go like last 30 minutes or your last 15 minutes, you can even drill down to a very specific time and hit apply. And that applies to everything across the board. You can even stop it from playing. You want to pause it and look it under. Matter of fact, instead of last five minutes, we're going to go even narrower and say just in the last three minutes. So put a two there, hit apply and it's paused on what's going on in these last couple of minutes, just for that time frame. And it's not playing real time, but this gets you that drill down. Maybe you want to drill down even further. And that's where that granularity comes in. We'll say here 207. Actually, we'll do this one at six, hit apply. And right there is each piece of data that it has available for that. So you can see all of them are like that because we went a little further into the future than we needed to. So let's go back to last five minutes, hit apply, and there's that data. And if you want to keep going back and forth, you can keep kind of drilling down here or just go back to force play, force it to keep playing. Now, one of the other options you can do is hold down the shift key and drill down without having to try to figure out the times. So if I'm holding the shift key, I can actually, we'll grab this right here and we can narrow it down to just this time slice. So 1704 to 1706, it's drilled down to this section right here. And if there's too much data, you can always say remove user or only show this or only show each one of these. Maybe you only want to see the IO8 times or you want to see everything. And that goes down. If we look down at disc, you can also, do you only want to see the writes or do you only want to see the reads? They give you a couple of different options. And obviously the reads are really when you're doing a bunch of database queries in Elastic. Well, it's going to have a pretty heavy read load. And it did right here at 1705. If you can correlate that with something you know you're doing on a system at that time, you know, all right, this query was requiring, you know, X amount of CPU usage or in this case, this much of disk usage to understand where the problem is. And it's pretty obvious if we go up to the top here, we weren't using too much CPU during that time period. We were using 60%, but our disk usage is where it really was. Now you can set this up and go to each one of your servers, bookmark them and set them up for, you know, individually viewing them or you can connect these to the net data cloud. And that's where we're going to go next. The net data cloud is really interesting because it doesn't care what the servers are so long as they can get to the net data cloud and send the data there. How do you get them in there? Let's cover that really quickly. We're going to click on the gear icon again and we're going to go over to our nodes. I'm going to blur out the link here because you could add everything to my dashboard if you copied that link down. I don't really need more things in my dashboard, but that's all you have to do to get them connected. When you do that same kickstart deploy, there's a token it adds to connect it to your cloud instance of net data. You sign up for an account and this consolidates that in there. You can also take existing ones you have and add that token again to the existing install and get it into the cloud dashboard. Why would you want to put it into a cloud dashboard? Does this break my local? Well, as we've seen, I have gray log in here and we're going to go over to my nodes and you can see the different nodes I have. I kind of like the view it gives. You can see the machine learning is on and then we have my gray log instance right here. And we still have the same amount of information. Matter of fact, I can put it side by side with this. You can even go a little step further. Like here's my unified server or here's my exo pool of Zen. And we can take that one out and just go back to the gray log one here. And hey, there's that same data that I had. Now the cloud one looks just a little bit different because of the way they run their cloud. You get the metric correlation. That's why I turned on the machine learning. I wanted to put a little more data in here and they have a couple extra tools that they can do if you tie it to your cloud. As I said, this is an option and not a requirement. You can just view each of your servers locally as needed to get those statistics. But I think it's cool that they have this as an added feature, especially because you look at some of the dashboards. And as I kind of learn my way around this because this is something I've only recently started playing with those other dashboards, it's pretty slick. Because when you put a YouTube demo dashboard together, we want to add a chart. You pick which nodes you'd like, maybe our exo pool of Zen. And then you can go through and pick whatever other metric you want. So if you have a lot of servers that maybe in different ways are related to each other, the dashboard will allow you to create a view of each one of the components that matters that run on each individual server and then have that time slice synchronized between all of them to understand the data that is coming from each one or resources that are being used so you can age you in the troubleshooting of those pick your systems. Now, one of the last things I want to cover here is what about the cost of running something in the cloud? Nothing in the cloud is free unless I'm the product, right? Well, they have a business model in a way they're going to monetize. So I won't leave that unaddressed free unlimited monitoring and troubleshooting. As I said, you can load the agent locally and not have to deal with the cloud at all. But they do have a pretty solid plan here. Really simple. They have a paid plan coming. So your free plan is unlimited host containers, metrics, customs, et cetera, et cetera, all the way down here. And they're going to offer paid plan on a couple other extra features, training certifications, 24.7 support, role-based access versus kind of basic access. And the way they built their distributed model and platform, it's generally pretty easy for them to add users without a high compute cost for each of these users. So it's sustainable to way they have it configured that they're not trying to pull the rug out from under you and they have a page where they're documenting how they're putting their business plan together. They are first committed to being free and open source, which is important. I've actually talked to one of the engineers and that's kind of what clued me on to looking at it again. I've been using it, but I wasn't using your cloud. I was just, you know, had some local instance installed but never really played with some of the new advanced features. I kind of let it auto update and, you know, took a look at it here and there and said, okay, this is pretty cool. But after understanding it a little better and integrating some of their cloud features, I can really see where a lot of people are interested in this.  You never have to use it for those of you that have a, well, a big sysadmin job and a lot of systems and a lot of cloud systems yourself and you're looking for a place to monitor them. I think that day is a pretty cool tool to be able to do that. And once again, it's open source. You can always build your own consolidated dashboards and things like that if you really wanted to and play around with it. They've got some pretty cool features. They got great documentation on customizing things, modifying things and, you know, really making it fit your use case. But overall, that one line stuff to make it easy means it's a pretty fun project to get started with and start looking at all of your data that's on your servers in terms of, you know, resource usage and everything else. So leave your comments and thoughts down below or head over to my forums for a more in-depth discussion. And thank you for making it all the way to the end of this video. If you've enjoyed the content, please give us a thumbs up. If you would like to see more content from this channel, hit the subscribe button and the bell icon. If you'd like to hire a short project, head over to laurancesystems.com and click the hires button right at the top. To help this channel out in other ways, there's a join button here for YouTube and a Patreon page where your support is greatly appreciated. For deals, discounts and offers, check out our affiliate links in the description of all of our videos, including a link to our shirt store where we have a wide variety of shirts that we sell and designs come out well randomly. So check back frequently. And finally, our forums. Forums.laurancesystems.com is where you can have a more in-depth discussion about this video and other tech topics covered on this channel. Thanks again for watching and look forward to hearing from you.


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Hi everyone, I'm Stephen Tan, Chairman of Soda Foundation and VP and CTO Club Solution and FutureWay. With me today is a ready from Intel and together we are going to share with you what Soda Foundation is about and how we are trying to unify data storage management. The Soda Foundation focuses on open source data storage management. We launched the foundation back on June 29 of last year and this foundation was chartered under the Linus Foundation as a project. Also the mission that we have is to actually foster an ecosystem of open source data storage management software and also to provide a new term forum about different projects that come together to collaborate and integrate and ultimately this will help us to provide end users with quality end-to-end solutions. The Soda Foundation is supported by these members that you see here and besides the members we are partners like the Storage Networking Industry Association. So the governance for Soda Foundation is very typical of a Linus Foundation project. We have a governing board that obviously saw the business decisions and so on. And the governing board is supported by four committees, the technical oversight committee which actually drives the sets, the technology strategy and the roadmap. The end user advisory committee provides the use cases and feedbacks and the outreach committee is the one that organizes events and evangelizes the Soda Foundation and the Linus Committee focuses on collaboration with the different projects and fostering integration. So the people that are involved in the foundation is spread across the world and they represented this from different companies like big and multinationals companies as well as small startups. So for end users are very important to Soda Foundation, the foundation end user advisory committee as you can see here the representatives come from major corporations as well as smaller organizations. So we have like Toyota, Vodafone, South Bank and so on. So they represent some of the largest and most innovative companies around the world. And what they do is that they meet up regularly and they provide feedback on their use cases and also do a POC test and provide feedback on the test. And this helps us to help the TOC to determine the roadmap and set features for the roadmap and the directions for the Soda projects in general. So the ecosystem that we are trying to build comprises of our five different segments. So in terms of like the end users, these are the ones again that help us to provide us with the requirements, the use cases, the feedbacks and so on. The developers, the community developers are the ones that help us to develop the projects and provide innovation to Soda and the data storage industry. The vendors that are involved in these projects, I mean, they help to build the solutions and what's important here is that there are not only solutions, I mean, this will be open source solutions that are at the interoperate. And then the industry organizations that we work with like the standards bodies and other open source foundations or projects, we work with them on standardization certification co-marketing and events and stuff like that. And for academia segment, we just kind of started. So what we are looking for is like, you know, helping to set up labs and then do internships and have all this academic research on data storage technologies. So the Soda community, we've been growing it since the open SDS days, which was the previous life of Soda Foundation. So you can see like the photos that you see here, all the different events that we have held around the world pre-COVID and since then because of the pandemic that's going on, most of our events are virtual. So hopefully we can start having physical events again around the world by next year. Okay, so one of the things that we are currently doing is the data storage trends survey. This is a survey that we are doing in partnership with the Linux Foundation research team and also the partners for the survey they see a CNCS near OIF and so on. So we have kind of completed the survey back in just last month actually. So we are currently producing a report and hopefully we'll be able to share the report by the end of October. So if you are interested in the report, please follow us on our Twitter or LinkedIn and when the report is ready we will be announcing at those channels. So next I'm going to be introducing the open data framework. So this is the typical enterprise IT picture that you see.  So what's happening is that most of the time I mean you have like different solutions for each of these things and what happens is that each solution creates a silo that makes it hard to monitor and control. So the problem gets worse because you have all these different, I mean your data is spread out not only across these different silos but all, I mean it's also spread out across data centers, the clouds and the edge.  How do you optimize the performance? How do you do data protection? How do you data security, data compliance and stuff like that. So having a modern data infrastructure adds to a different degree of data storage challenges. So what the open data framework allows you to do is that it provides a centralized view and control and connects storage to containers, VMs and other platforms. And this framework should provide data storage services such as a blog file and object storage, backup recovery, security and compliance and so on. So the whole idea is to unify data storage management with a single open framework across the core, the cloud and the edge. And here this is an example of how the open data framework can be applied. And in this picture what you see is like a connected card platform which is, I mean, which has a data center, the edge and also, I mean, it utilizes the cloud and also the warehouse for like archiving and so on. So with the open data framework, it can satisfy many of the requirements of this connected card platform by providing the blog file objects storage services, be it in the data center or at the edge or in the cloud. It does backup and recovery. You can backup from, for instance, the thick snapshots from the tier two storage and then back it up to the cloud or to the cloud storage. And also you can take care of like lifecycle management, for instance, data that sits on tier one storage that's been sitting there for idle for three months and we can actually move the data to tier two storage. And then after it's been sitting in tier two storage for another six months, we can archive it to cloud storage or move it to the cloud archive. Okay and there are, I mean, other things that you see here, the security and compliance and retention and archiving and so on. So essentially with this open data framework, everything can be done through a single platform and no matter where the data sits, whether it's at the edge, the data center or in the cloud. This diagram shows what ODF is about. ODF architecture provides an open API for integration with platforms and applications and offers like a seamless plugin integration with Kubernetes, OpenStack and VMware through plugins. The storage profiles offers policy-based storage provisioning, data protection, data life cycle and so on. And heterogeneous storage from the different vendors, they connect to the storage stock and using CSI, SwapFish and OpenStack Cinder, Manila interfaces and their performance can be monitored through a single pane of, through a single glass of pane. And the multi-cloud controller offers access to the different cloud providers through a single S3 interface. So it enables things like cloud tiering, cloud backup, and essentially it lets users easily build end-to-end solutions with any storage. So open data framework APIs are based on a SWAP standard. So by leveraging SwapFish management profiles, we're able to speed up development and ensure interoperability with the SwapFish ecosystem. The ODF storage API includes storage provisioning with policies for applications, laptops, retention and so on. The multi-cloud API supports the major cloud services and operations such as data life cycle management. For monitoring, we have the monitoring API that enables storage performance monitoring with IOPS, throughputs and other metrics. So all functions are with, I mean, the way we design this is that API is with API first design and so all functions are accessible and can be easily extended to support, I mean, newer features. So as I mentioned earlier, storage can be connected to ODF by the different management interfaces. Open Data Framework currently support all CSI drivers and allow multiple drivers to be blocking at the same time. Open Data Framework also supports OpenStack, Cinder and Manila. And also again, we support the SWAPFish standard. So with open source, open standard, open ecosystem and open collaboration, we think or we believe that Open Data Framework will be able to meet the needs of most end users and help end users unify data and storage management with a single open framework across the core of the cloud and the edge. So with that, that ends my part of the talk and then ready to be introducing the SOTA projects in detail. Thank you. Thanks Stephen for the SOTA intro and the Open Data Framework overview. I'm going to cover the SOTA incubation projects and the ECO projects. SOTA incubation projects follow our governance model that is actually provided by the SOTA foundation whereas the ECO projects follow their own governance model. But these projects are really meant to be providing a complementary storage and data management services for the core framework services. The first one in the SOTA incubation project is the DOs, DO stands for Distributor Asynchronous Object Storage. This is actually developed by Intel. It's an open source project. It is designed from the ground up to take advantage of the next generation media storage class memory as well as the NVV SSDs performance and bandwidth characteristics. This has all the attributes needed for the distributed object storage functionality. This includes the ability to make sure that the data placement looks at different part domains and distributes your data and it has the ability to provide the end-to-end data integrity as well as non-blocking IO operations. This includes metadata as well as the data related operations to deliver high throughput, high performance, IOs per second for the next generation media. The next incubation project is the IG. IG is actually contributed by Chana Unicom. This is another object store. It is actually being used in production by Chana Unicom. The concept behind this one is you can have multiple independent self-clusters. These are manageable without incurring the significant failure domain type of problems, especially when you have self-cluster that have multi-petabyte capacity for domain management becomes very challenging when there is a failure. IG addresses that gap by managing independent self-clusters and presenting a unified namespace using the S3 API, which is based off of Minio backend storage and it has its one metadata layer that uses the database in my SQL or IDB as a way to manage the metadata. That includes details about different self-clusters and where your data is located and security and other aspects that are actually maintained in the metadata. Those are the two incubation projects. The EcoProjects lint store is the block storage management software, open source software that is actually developed and managed by Linwit. The fundamental construct in the lint store is you can actually manage replicated volumes among pull-off servers and you can actually create these volumes from different types of media. If you look at the bottom of the right-hand side picture, lint store can actually carve out the block storage out of hard disk drives, the SSDs as well as NVMe media and includes persistent memory as well and it can expose the block storage via traditional ISCSI based on network protocol or it can actually expose to the NVMe fabrics, which is the protocol of choice for the NVMe devices and then you can manage these volumes natively using the container orchestration frameworks such as Kubernetes. Lint store does have several enterprise capabilities, things like multi-tier storage management. You can have a pool of storage managed for the hard disk drives and then you can have a pool of storage managed by the NVMe drives and you can actually migrate the data back and forth based on the life cycle management policies. Datadoop is another critical functionality specifically for high performance and expensive media like NVMe where Datadoop is an extremely critical capability that is required. Geoclustering where you can actually have multiple geos and you have the storage deployed in multiple geos, you can actually manage them together using the lint store geoclustering capability and then of course you want to be able to deliver an extremely high performing data access specifically for the NVMe type of media and deliver a significant number of IOPS with extremely low overhead data plane. So that's really the lint store. So it's a distributed block storage functionality is what you get out of lint store. The next one is open EBS. Open EBS is a container attached storage and it delivers that capability through the dynamic persistent volume implementation which is really required for stateful applications. Stateful applications like Cassandra, MongoDB, MySQL, they all require a way to protect your data beyond the storage server fault domain. Lint store, Open EBS actually provides that capability organically through the native integration with the Kubernetes container orchestration, container storage services. It has different data engines that you can actually take advantage of based on the type of media and the type of server that you have with a control plane that provides the driver functionality. Things like CSI drivers for Kubernetes have a way to manage and get dynamic persistent volume capability. So Open EBS is actually managed by Maya data. It's part of the CNCF sandbox project. Zenco is the other open source infrastructure software. This is the data management software stack, open source, provided by Scalety, where you can actually manage the islands of data that is actually deployed on-prem as well as public cloud. So you could have object stores on-prem as well as, let's say, have it on Amazon and Microsoft and Google Cloud. You can actually provision the object storage transparently through one uniform API which is basically based off of Amazon S3 and then you can provision them. You can actually manage them. You can move them all the lifecycle management aspects through the multi-cloud data management framework that Zenco provides. You can actually get to all the functionality needed. So that's on the Zenco. Cortex is the open source project developed by Seagate. It's a distributed object storage that is primarily designed to drive efficiency to take advantage of the high-capacity hard disk drives. It has a mechanism to integrate with the other object storage backends, things like Deus. So let's say Deus is managing the high performance in the media. You will be able to actually take a snapshot of that media and archive that into the Cortex object storage backend. So it provides a mechanism to coexist with the other object storage backends to deliver a complementary multi-tiered object storage solution as well. So those are the incubation and the Epo projects. So as Stephen mentioned, Soda Foundation and Open Data Framework, the focus is to essentially deliver unified storage management as well as the data management capability. All the services around it and then consume that using the cloud-native frameworks. The incubation projects as well as the Soda Epo projects are essentially meant to provide complementary services to deliver a comprehensive data and storage management functionality that the customers have been looking for. Whether it is delivering a high-performance block storage or high-performance object storage that can exploit the next generation media or it's a life cycle management or it's essentially high-capacity hard disk drives. Irrespective of what kind of storage management problem you may have, you will be able to actually manage your data and the storage through this integrated set of incubation and then Epo projects that are available through the Soda Foundation. We look forward and your help in joining the Soda Foundation. This may include anything from core contributions to the Soda Foundation services or contributions to incubation and Epo projects are providing the user perspective. Joining as a user are actually consuming the Soda and deploying that in your implementations as well. So, for sure, we can take advantage of anything and everything all the way from the development to requirements to testing and real life deployment usages. So, we look forward to your participation in the Soda community. We would love you to join the Soda Foundation. So, anyone who is interested, send an email to Soda Foundation and we'll be happy to have a discussion with you. Thank you. This concludes my session.


Ang karunungan ay kapang nyarihan. It's time once again to put that power to the test here on K-Check. So everyone, I am Jules Gia and this is K-Check. Muli namin kayong inibetahan for another season of teaching and learning. Patulay pa rin ang pag-ahanap natin ng mga gustong sanayin at palawakin ang brain power nila through competition. Kaya nincaya nila ang ating brain workout for the season. Samahan nyo kami ulit until the final week of competition para malaman natin kung sino ang tatang haling K-Check champion. Apat na contestants ang dadaan sa ating karunungan check sa araw na ito. AJ is a student of National Teachers College taking a course in physical education. His hobbies are dancing, singing, and calligraphy. Arthur is a student from UP Deleman studying BS Metallurgical Engineering. He likes to let his to-be-read books pile up. Thanks that Kung Fu Panda Trilogy is perfect and still doesn't have a verified GCash account. Gab is a fourth-year student taking up BS Social Work in UP Deleman. If he is not studying for his majors, he is either sleeping or binge-watching Western sitcoms. And lastly, JC, a physical education sophomore from National Teachers College, calls himself a curious boy indeed. His hobbies are mostly sports such as table tennis, basketball, swimming, and cycling. He also likes playing video games, watching anime, and K-drama. These four will be competing under the watchful eyes of today's K-Check panel of experts. Firstly, we have Professor Marion Roque, Professor of Mathematics at UP Deleman. We also have Professor Neil Santillian, former chairperson of UP Deleman Department of History. And of course, a painter, sculptor, film and TV director critic and multi-media artist, a professor emeritus who teaches film at the UP College of Maths Communication Film Institute and communication at the UP Open University, Professor Grace Xavier Alfonso. At ngayon, contestants, I'm ready with the questions na kailangan niyong sabotin. Kayo naman, get ready to buzz in, but wait for us to call your name before answering. Each correct answer is worth ten points. Let's begin. Welcome to round one. Question number one. Among the members of the UAAP, which is the oldest existing university in the Philippines? Gab. UST. UST is correct. K-Check. Question number two. What word is one of the seven deadly sins but may also mean a group of lions? Gab. Pride. Pride is correct. K-Check. Question number three. What scientific term is simply defined as the quantity that describes the capacity to do work? Arthur. Energy. Energy is correct. K-Check. Number four. What school of witchcraft and wizardry did Harry Potter attend? JC. Hogwarts. Hogwarts is correct. K-Check. Question number five. What fruit is the main ingredient in guacamole? Arthur. Avocado. Avocado is correct. K-Check. Question number six. What simple machine consists of a wheel with a groove where a rope can be placed and used? Arthur. Pully. Pully? Let me finish the question. A rope can be placed and used to change the direction of a force? The answer is Pully. Correct. K-Check. Which empire in Africa worship cats and even had... Arthur. Egypt. Let me finish the question. And even had a cat goddess named Bastet. The answer is Egypt. Correct. K-Check. Question number eight. In elementary math, what is the quotient when you divide 22 by 1 half? Arthur. 11. 11 is Malik. AJ. 10.5. 10.5 is Malik. Anyone can steal? Ano dapat ang answer mo? 44. 44 should have been the correct answer. The answer is 44. Nobody got the correct answer. New Delhi is the capital of which country? Arthur. India. India is correct. K-Check. Question number ten. Mini is the name of the girlfriend of which GC? GC. Mickey Mouse. Mickey Mouse. The whole question is of which famous cartoon rodent. Your answer is Mickey Mouse. Correct. K-Check. In government agencies, what do the letters DSWD stand for? Department of Social Welfare and Development. Department of Social Welfare and Development is correct. K-Check. Last question for this round. Number twelve. Today, it is classified as a dwarf planet. But it was a fully pledged Arthur. Pluto. Let me continue with the question. But it was a full pledged planet from 1930 to 2006. What is this heavenly body? The answer is Pluto. Correct. K-Check. That ends our round number one. After that round, we have Arthur in the lead with 60 points. Followed by Gab with 30 points. JC with 20. And AJ with some catching up to do. So kayo nyo pang humabol sa susunod na round. But before we proceed to the next round, I'd like to welcome Professor Marion back to the panel. So Prof, how does it feel to be back? Happy, happy. I miss this show and excited. But I'm more excited for our contestants na mukang talagang rumarat-sada. First round ba lang? First round ko lang. So mukang very na ito. It will be a very good game. That's right. So obangan natin ko ano pa ang mga mga yari mama ya. But of course, new to the panel, but definitely not new to K-Check. Dahil brainchild niya ito, Prof Gigi, please tell us how the idea of doing K-Check at TVUP came about. Kasi we'd like the university anyway. We'd like our learners all over the country and all over the world to hear the thoughts into access the minds of our scholars, our professors, e mga haligi ito ng history, social science and math and na paka-importante na makarating sa inyo. Hindi lang yung mga kailangan natin and all that, pero lahat din ng entertainment. Gusto ko kong kasi maging kultura yung entertainment ang pagaaral. Thank you, Jules, for that question. Yes, and thank you of course for thinking of doing this show. Ayan, so pinagsama natin yung may matututunan ka na, pero masaya at competitive na way ba. Ayan, so marami salamat Prof Gigi ipapapahingap umunan namin kayo dahil sa ating pagbabalik ay sa sabak na sila sa next round, sa pagbabalik ng K-check. Puloy pa rin ang ating karunungan check. Points rika umunan tayo leading pa rin si Arthur with 60 points, followed by Gav with 30 points, JC with 20 at mamaya babawit si AJ sa ating next round. So ngayon mas kikilalanin muna namin kayo, unahin natin ka usapin, si Curious Boy ng hilig is to go on adventures. JC, ano klasing adventures ba yung mga hinahanap mo? Mostly outdoor activities ko talaga. Tulad na lang po ng beaches, hiking, like that, yes. Sang bundok ang ahilig mag-hike? Last we went on in Tanay. I'm not familiar with the bundok talagi. At least yung lugar alam mo. Beach naman. Sa beach recently, we went to Matabongkai Beach. Matabongkai. Matanggas. Matanggas, okay. Alami salamat. To naman, kasama rin natin si AJ. Kapua physical education student ni JC and also from the National Teachers College. So from physical activities like singing and dancing. Biglang medyo tahimik ang isang mong hilig na itong calligraphy. Habi mo rin siya. Ano bang natutulong itong art form na to sayo? For me, yung calligraphy kasi parang siya yung minsan nagpaparilig ng minsan mga problems ko. Kung bagapag may mga problems ako imbis na maggalaga ako. Siguro dun ko na lang more pinapokos yung sarili ko sa pagkakaligraki. Pag may time ka, no? Minsan nga po, nandami ko na nalala sa sayong nabapel dahil sa calligraphy. Bakit hindi mo ibenta? Sometimes mo parang may isip ko rin na ibenta. This is din, parang effort din yung binigay ko dun sa calligraphy na yun. Maraming salamat sa inyo. So now it's time for round two. Ready na ba kayo? Okay, ready na sila sa contestants. Get ready to buzz in but make sure you strategize. Correct answers are worth 20 points each but you do stand points if you answer incorrectly. Let's begin. Welcome to round number two. Let's begin. Question number one. What word describes the combination of qualities expected of an ideal night and may now mean? Arthur? Chivalry. Let me proceed to the question. Now mean kind behavior by men towards women. The correct answer is chivalry. Paycheck. Question number two. Which English playwright wrote Romeo and Juliet? Gab? Shakespeare. In the 16th century. The answer is William Shakespeare or Shakespeare. Correct. Paycheck. Question three. The Forbidden City is a world complex of palaces, temples and gardens built by the Ming dynasty emperors. In what city can you find? Arthur? Beijing. In what city can you find Forbidden City? Correct answer is Beijing. Paycheck. Question four. In science. What do you call the point at which a bar or lever turns? Fulcrum. Fulcrum is correct. Paycheck. Question number five. Even bigger than the lion or jaguar, what is the largest member? Arthur? Tiger. What is the largest member of the cat family? Correct answer is Tiger. Paycheck. Question six. In what country is Yokohama the second most populous city? AJ. Japan. Japan is correct. Paycheck. In James Barry's novel, The Little White Bird, what is the name of the fictional boy who refuses to grow up? Lies. The answer is Peter Pan. Let's see the question eight. In 1912, which British luxury passenger liner sank during Arthur? The Titanic. During its maiden voyage in the Atlantic Ocean, correct answer is Titanic. Paycheck. Question number nine. What is the Tagalog word for Tamarin? Gab. Sampalok. Sampalok is correct. Paycheck. In basketball, what violation by the defense occurs when a shot going down is blocked or touched? JC. Shooting fowl. Shooting fowl is maleh. AJ. Traveling. Traveling is maleh. Can't answer anymore. Can't answer anymore. Time's up. Correct answer is gold tending. Question eleven. What soft metal used in jewelry in electric circuits has the chemical symbol AJ. Arthur. Silver. Silver is correct. Paycheck. Last question for this round. Number twelve. What do you call the scientific study of the weather? Astronomy. Astronomy is maleh. Arthur. Meteorology. Meteorology is correct. Paycheck. That ends our round two. Let's do a quick recap. Arthur is leading with 200 points. Gab with 60 points and AJ and JC are tied with 10 points. Up next, ang pinakainiintay natin ang ultimate pagalingan round. Dito lamang yan sa pagbabarik ng paycheck. Welcome back to paycheck. Gab, napansin ko sa bio mo na puro work and play from home. Studying, sleeping and binge watching. Ayong bang nungas ang bahay? Actually, lang alabasin po ako ng bahay. Since competitive debater din po ako. So may mga paka-kataon din po na nag-compet nationally and internationally. Hindi po yung mga paka-kataon na lang alabasin po ako ng bahay. Pakita mo yung logo ng UP Debate Society. UP Debate Society. Kaya naman, si Prof Neal naman napapakauza po kay Arthur kasi medyo mabigat e metallurgical engineering. Baka mapasubo ako, sir. Di mabigat talaga yun basta mayarong mat sa akin mabigat yun. Ako rin, sir. Di ko makakayanan. Di ko makakayanan. Makakat nako kay Proc Maria. Wala, suerte nalakong mga kasagot ako na isang tanong sa mat mula sa mga tanong nima Maria. Pero ang tanong ko kay Arthur pala mahilig siyang magbasa at merokang file of to-read books. Gusto naming malaman ano ba yung mga susunod na libro na gusto mong pasakit? Aga sa Christine na libro. Binagay sakin ng classmate po dati, hindi ko pa nababasa. Arthur, wala ka bang mga gustong history books? Kung babigyan ako. Sir, nagpaparinig sa inyo. Pwede ako magbigay. Pero kailangan mo lumipat ng history program. So, maraming salamat. Mas nakilalan natin makontestans natin. Thank you. So once again in the lead pa rin sa ating scoreboard ng ANC Arthur with 200 points. Okay, pero siyempre kayong lahat ay may chance pang makahabol sa ating ultimate pag-alingan round. Correct answers are worth 30 points at may 15-point deduction for wrong answer. And remember, ang ating panel of experts sa kanila po magagaling ang mga katanungal. And this is your chance para humabol. So good luck. Let's begin. All right, let's start our first question from Prof. Marian. First question, which of the following is not a native Philippine tree? A. Katmon. B. Mahogany. Mahogany. Native means plants born or originating in the country. Mahogany was introduced in the Philippines in the early 1900s. It's native to the Americas. Correct answer is letter B, Mahogany. Kay, check. Thank you. Prof. Neil. During the Spanish colonial period, what was a special right given by the Pope to the Spanish crown to appoint bishops or priests in the colonies? A. Encomienda. B. Patronato Real. C. Reduction. D. Real Setuado. E. Obespado. B. Patronato Real. Tinawag na Catholic Monarchs ang mga kahariyan sa Spain at Portugal. Kasama sa layo ng kolumisasyon ng dalawang bansa, ang paglaganap ng Catholicismo sa iba-dibang bahagi ng mundo. Antamang sagot ay B. Patronato Real. Kay, check. Thank you. Prof. D. G. Who founded the first art school in the Philippines? The Academia de Buo i-Pintura in 1823. A. Damian Domingo. B. Juan Luna. C. Felix Resuriccionidalgo. D. Fernando Marsolo. I. Botong Francisco. K. J. Better I. Botong Francisco. Malik. Amp. Apakah po may gusto pang mag-steal? Time's up, ma'am. All right. Alam niyo ang mga drawing, painting, ang mga damit, ang ano, di ba? Ito ay medyo ano lang very flat ang kanyang mga drawing pero ito ay kilalang kilala at ang kanyang unang school ay located in Binondo Manila. Amang sagot ay Damian Domingo. Ay. Thank you. Prof. Marian. In which industry were workers affected by the occupational disease Fosse jaw? Letter A. Jewel remaking. Letter B. Matchmaking. Dad. Letter B. Matchmaking. Okay. Fosse jaw is formerly known as the phosphorous neck crosses of the jaw which could lead to facial disfigurement and sometimes fatal brain damage. This is a disease affecting those who work with white phosphorous. So, phosphorous. Workers in match factories use white phosphorous. The correct answer is B. Matchmaking. K. Check. According to the 2020 Philippine census of population and housing about one in every four of the 108.67 million household population in 2023 ported blank as their ethnicity. 8. Bisaya or Binizaya, V. Sebwano, CLToKano, D. Tagalog, Iwarye. Tagalog, D. An. Atatagpuan ang ethnicity na nakhabulan na ang scores natin. Which Filipino film won the first palm door in the Canfield Festival? A. Kinatay. B. Anino. C. In siyang. D. Moral. E. Brutal. A. J. Letter B. Anino. Ha ha, galing. Natuwa ako kong dahil nakuwa mo, anak. Ito ay isang short film directed by the well-known independent film director, Raymond Red. Anino is the correct answer, kay, check. Okay, science naman. In what medium does sound travel the fastest? A. Vacuum. B. Air. C. Water. Water. C. Water. Malay. A. J. B. Air. Malay. Let me finish the question. So in what medium does sound travel the fastest? A. Vacuum. B. Air. C. Water. B. Solid. E. Fluid. Gap. Solid letter D. Sounds travel faster when molecules are closer together. To allow the sound waves to travel more quickly. Among the choices ang pinakak-close together ay ang mga solid molecules. So the correct answer is letter D. Solid. Kay, check. We have a new leading contestant as of the moment. Wish Old City in India was considered as a major urban center on the Indus Valley civilization. A. LM. B. Harapa. C. Lahore. D. Loyang. E. Psoomer. Psoomer. Malay. B. Harapa. Natatagpuan sa lugar na ito ang isang centrum urban na may malinao na pag-aplano ng lungsod. Ang tamang sagot ay letter B. Harapa. Kay, check. Prop. GG. In what year of Metro Manila Film Festival where the board of judges did not give awards in the categories of best film, best story, and best screenplay. Your choices are A. 1977, B. 1986, C. 1988, D. 2000, and E. 2003. Bakit yung jurors hindi nagsilek nito ang mga atigoria na ito? Because the board of jurors wanted to make the statement that most films produced were focused in perpetuating negative stereotypes. And commercially-oriented movies. This happened in 1986. Prof. Mayan. My favorite subject. I hope it's also your favorite. What is the slope of the line given by the equation 2y 2 times y equals 6 times x plus 2y. Letter A. 2. 3. If you have an equation of the form y is equal to mx plus b, m ang slope niya.  The slope will be 3. The correct answer is B3. Kay, check. Gumanul lang siya ng dalire. Gumanul lang siya at nakuha niya aga. Prof. Neil. Maganda yung tanong ni ma'am Gigi kung kaya ko ba yun. Grabe habang nagbabasa si Mamarian, nose bleeding experience. Masa may x, y. Uling tanong mula sa akin, which Philippine ethnic group aided the forces of Miguel Lopez de Legaspi to take control of Manila in the 16th century. A. Sabuano. B. Ilonggo. C. Elokano. B. Kapampangan. E. Tagalog. Tagalog. E. Malik. Kapampangan letter B. Malik. A. J. Letter A. Sabuano. Nagmula sa Visayas ang expedition ng Miguel Lopez de Legaspi bago sila pumunta sa Manila. Ito ang magpapaliwanag kung bakit may mga kasama si Legaspi na karamihan ay mga tagasibu. Ang tamang sagot ay letter A. Sabuano K. Check. Last question for this round from Prof. Gigi. What was the film directed by Lino Broca in 1970 that was about a married businessman played by Eddie Garcia who had a passionate affair with a driver played by Mario O'Hara. A. Tanikalang dugo. B. Tanikala. C. Tubog saginto. D. Alquitran dugo. I. Dugo at bahayat. For dugo. Tubog saginto is one of the earlier films that tackled the issue of gay relationships. Isang matapang napitikula. So napaka-importante, nagbigay ng puwang, nagbigay ng space, itong piliikula na to sa mga marginalized voices ng gays. Okay. Thank you. Thank you so much. Ayang wala na ako. And that's it for our K. Check Ultimate Pagalingan Round. Congratulations to our debater, Gab, our K. Check daily winner with a final score of 225 points. So we'll see Gab again on Friday when he competes with our other daily winners for a spot in our semifinals. Congratulations, Gab. And congratulations then to all of you. Thank you once again to AJ, to Arthur, and to JC for joining us and to our panel of experts, Professor Marion, Professor Neil, and Professor Gigi. Once again, I'm Jules Kiyang. Join us again tomorrow for another K. Check.