Okay, hello everybody. So it's the second day of CLA and we are happy to listen to Marta Pepin about statistical analysis of non-deterministic for joint processes. So thank you. Good morning or good afternoon whenever you are. Thank you for having me. My name is Marta Pepin as you said. I'm a PhD student at Sorbonne University in Paris. I work with Antoine Génie and Patrick Pichanski, which you may know. And today I'm going to talk about concurrency and as you said, statistical analysis of non-deterministic for joint processes. So before I go into that, I'd like to give you some insight about concurrency. Okay, sorry for that. So concurrency is a programming paradigm in which you have several processes and they may compute stuff independently, they may communicate, they may fork new processes, they may wait for other processes to stop before doing something else. But in the end, they're all going to be sharing one computation unit. So think one CPU. So that, sorry, I'm having trouble with my computer. So yeah, so that in the end, you will have a scheduler that takes the smallest component of your programs that takes the atomic actions, we say, and that put them in a linear order on the computation unit. Such that this order is correct with respect to the logic of the program, but there may be a lot of different valid ordering. So that's scheduling and that's what concurrency is about, studying these kind of processes. And so in this setup, when you want to check that the program is correct, then you have to check that all the possible scheduling are correct, right? And that's the fact of considering all possible schedulings. That's typically a combinatorial problem. So, and what happens in reality is that there are in fact a huge, there are typically a huge number of possible schedulings and we call that a combinatorial explosion or people in concurrency prefer to call it state explosion, but the same thing. So that in general, this is impractical to test all the possible scheduling and people have to resort to other tricks to verify their programs. And so what can we do to help them? Well, we can look at two different problems. First, we can try to quantify this explosion. So that's a counting problem. We take a program and we'd like to measure the size of its state space. We would like to count the number of possible schedulings. And also we can sample executions among all the possible executions. And that's helpful because that's actually what people do for, I mean, not everyone, but that's when some people do to check that the program are correct. They take a sample of possible schedulings and they check these particular schedulings. And we can help by providing efficient and uniform samplers, which, which is important because uniformity means a good coverage. And so what do you call a correct schedule? What do you call it correct? And that's, that's not the topic of the of the talk here. I assume that you have some notion of correctness. Okay, maybe you just want to run some tests, check that some invariant as are verified. You have your own notion of correctness and you need to have a scheduling to test this. So I'm going to provide you with the property on your program. And what I give you is what I'm going to give you is a sample of possible schedulings and you're going to check that all the scheduling satisfy your property. And if that's the case, then you're happy and you're confident that your program is correct. So I'm providing the tool for people to verify the program. I don't specify what verifying needs. That's okay. Any other question? So I'm going to keep going. Right. So the first issue we face when we want to do this is this result from right wheel and winter, which states that the number of linear extensions of a partial order is a man. Sorry, I mean counting them is a sharply complete problem. So first, remember it's really like a contract program. When you have a contract program, you have a bunch of actions and constraints between them. You say that action A must be run before it changes. So this is typically a partial order. And counting in your extensions corresponds exactly to counting schedulings. So we're talking about the same thing and shall be complete means that it's as difficult as counting the number of solution in sets. So it's strictly more difficult that than checking that a set instance is satisfiable. So it's more difficult than an empty complete program. So we are definitely not going to try to solve this. I don't do the general case. This is what this means. But fortunately for us in real life program have some kind of structures in general, but they're written by human we think in a structured way. So we are going to enforce some const, some, sorry, some constraints on the program some structure and look and do from there. And that is exactly what these people have been doing. They've been doing this for the last few years. So the idea is to study the quantitative aspects, quantitative and algorithm aspects of different programs. And the idea is to take some core components of currency, which I will describe in moments, the essential features, and look at program that only have these features and no more. So in comment or your interpretation of these features, we can extract some results using the two set of combinatorics. Okay, so that's the big picture. And that's where my PhD fits in. So the talk with the divided into sections. First, I will introduce a class program programs that has the most basic features you would like to have new programs, I guess. In the second section, I will talk to you about the algorithmic aspects algorithmic solutions to program problems I mentioned before. I mentioned before. So, I told you about essential features of currency. Well, the most essential one is these. Can you see my pointer. Yes, thanks. Yes. So the most important one is this parallel composition operator. So when I say I have two programs p and q and I compose them in parallel. I mean that they will run independently. So an execution or scheduling of what I'm using the two words but then I mean the same thing. So this is actually parallel q that can be any interleaving of a scheduling of p and scheduling of q. Okay, so that's what this means they run independently anything can happen. On the other hand, you may want to have some kind of synchronization and you may want to say, I run a program p, my way, I wait for you to terminate. And then I will run program q and this is sequential composition. The execution of p sequence q is the is an execution of p followed by an execution of q. And if you have only these two constructions, you ended with something we called for drawing for drawing type of parallelism. This is typically what you have if you're using a Unix. No, sorry. Yes, POSIX threads, I think, without loops and and anything like that. Maybe the core of the core of the program. But that's not enough to write interesting programs. I'm going to introduce two other operators. First, the choice operator that models branching that may happen at runtime. So think of an if, if some condition rank p otherwise rank q and you can't guess the condition before running the program. So this is why we call this non-deterministic choice. And naturally an execution of p choice q is either an execution of p or an execution of q. So that's not too difficult. And another useful construction is the loop. So we are going to choose a way behaved form of loop, which we denote q star and I say that an execution of q star is any sequence of executions of q. So it may do nothing, or it may run q once or twice or three times, etc. And, and, and that's pretty much it. I mean, if I summarize, I my four combinators are here. I also add two base cases. So I will have atomic actions. That's the smallest component of your programs and they can be split in two. And I will have the empty program, which does nothing. And also I'm going to assume that across my program, every atomic action is distinct. So I'm working on the control flow of programs rather than actually what they're computing. So from my point of view, two different actions are not distinguished. Sorry, they are distinguishable. So I know that they're different. So I'm assuming all the actions are distinct. Okay. So that was for syntax. And I gave you more or less informally here, the semantics of the program. Now I'm going to reformulate the semantics in terms of commentarial interpretation. So it's going to be a little more formal. And for each program, P, I'm going to describe a combinatorial class bracket P specification that describes all the possible scheduling of the program, all the possible ways it can be executed on a mutation unit. So the base cases, this is easy. Memt program does nothing. So it has only one possible ways of executing. And it has size zero because it does nothing. So that's more by the epsilon class. On the other hand, An atomic action, it does one thing. It can do only one thing. It has also one execution, but the blanks one because it does one action. I'm counting atomic action here. The next constructors are more interesting. So in the case of P sequence Q, as I told you an execution of P sequence Q is an execution of P followed by an execution of Q. So any pair is possible. And this is, this is exactly what a partition product is. So if I want to count them, I'm going to count a partition product. On the other hand, for the parallel composition, I also have to take account of the interleaving. So the trick here is to use the label product from labels, combinatorial classes. So this, this means take a scheduling of P, take a scheduling of Q and choose an interleaving. And at this point, I'd like to point out that it's, it's rather unusual to have these two operators in the same grammar because this belongs to the unlabeled world of combinatorics and this belongs more to the label world. You can make them work in the same specification, but that's, that's unusual, I guess. I keep going with my two last constructions. So I had the choice. So in a program P choice Q, an execution is either an execution of P or an execution of Q. So if I, if I have to count them, I'm going to use the district union here. And in the case of the loop, as I told you, an execution of P star is a sequence of executions of P. So I know this using the sequence construction. So at that point I'm done, but I've made a mistake. And you can use body. The thing is that the set of executions of the program can contain the empty execution. And in that case, I have two issues here. My union is not disjoint because it's almost destroying, but the empty execution can belong to both specs. And also the sequences is not well defined because I can have an object of zero here. So that's fixable. The trick is to consider the non empty executions of people skew. So this is what they find this in union. And also I can say that an execution of P star of loop of P is sequence of non empty executions. I just removed the empty executions from the process. Okay, so that was a little trick, a little trap. But now I'm done. And I have specified in an automatic way the executions of the program. And I'm happy because now that I have this current variable specification, I can use a lot of tools from combinatorics. And that's going to help me solve my two questions that I have before that is counting the number of executions of a program and something among them. I'm going to jump to the next part of my talk. The first algorithm I would like to present is the algorithm for counting execution. So I have a program, and I would like to know the number of executions of length n. So with n atomic actions inside. Okay. I already described you this transformation from program to its specification. And I have in my tool set the symbolic method that helps me jump from the spec to a generating function and then from there, I can extract the number of executions by extracting a coefficient so all of this works well. And I think all of you know what the symbolic method is. For the sake of completeness, I recalled, I expressed explicitly the translation from program to generating function here. So that's natural. There are a few things to be mentioned here. First of all, I would like to implement this on my computer, which is finite. So I'm going to not going to work with generating function, but rather than truncated generating function. So I stopped at degree n. Also note the the substructions here. They are here to handle the little trap we had before. Remember that this union is not destroyed and stuff like that. So you may have noticed this construction here, which is really hard. We call this the color products. And it's the expression in terms of ordinary generating function of the label product because remember we have these. We have at the same time, a label constructions and label constructions. So I have to choose between ordinary generating function and exponential generating function. So now I have to express the label product in terms of ordinary generating function. And actually it's not that hard. The trick is to do a conversion. So first thing you convert the PNQ generating function into exponential ones. That's the purpose of the Borel transform. Okay, that you can do in linear time on your computer. Then you do your product, a normal product, and you go back to the label world with the Laplace transform, which is the converse of the Borel transform, and which also can be implemented in linear time. So that's not very difficult. But again, this is unusual. And I claim that this algorithm performs in P times MN multiplication where P is the size of the program and MN is the cost of one polynomial multiplication, what polynomial has the real end. And the reason behind this is that at each, for each constructor in my program, I do only one operation. Here I do one multiplication plus some linear information that are cheap. Now I do just one multiplication here. I do an addition which is cheap. And this inversion here can in fact be implemented in at the cost of one multiplication. The trick is to use Newton iteration. If you know about this, if not, take a look at the paper from Pivoto, Salvi and Soria, which is great and explains it at length. But basically the bottom line is you can implement this at the cost of one multiplication, in a multi-cost of one multiplication. So in the end I have this complexity. And also I'm multiplying big integers, which have about annual gain bits, because of the interleaving which bring binomial coefficients and factorial and stuff like that. So the big complexity in the end is like that. For each constructor in the program, I do one multiplication over integers of annual gain bits. So this is a polynomial of degree a little more than two in N. Okay, so that's for the counting problem. And I'm going to jump to random sampling. So that's a little bit more involved. So again, I'm going to use my specification and I want to go to a uniform execution of given length of my program. And I'm going to, again, I'm going to use a well-known technique from common lyrics. This time it's called the recursive method. That's been described by a pleasure. It's not meant in that content. But this time, rather than showing you the algorithm, I'm going to explain it on one example. I think it's more easy to understand this way. So I'm going to take a look at this program, this more program, and I want to sample a uniform execution of length three. So here I'm going to write what rule of the recursive method I'm using and below I have a scratch pad. So first thing. I have this parallel composition here. It turns out that the formula for computing the number of executions of this guy is given by this. So this is what you obtain because of the Borrel and Laplacian form. So basically it's like a Cartesian product, but you have the binomial coefficient that take account of the schedule of the interleaving of executions. And if I want to take a uniform execution of this composition here, I need an execution of length K of this program, an execution of links and minus K of this other program, and the shuffling, the interleaving. But how do I choose K? Well, I must choose it according to this distribution in order to remain uniform. And this is because of this formula. So I take one term and I evaluate it by PM. So let's apply it in this program. K equals to zero is not possible because this program has no links three addition. Similarly, K equals to three is not possible either because, again, this program has no addition of links zero. I must choose between K cost one and Gables two. Okay, in that case, K cost one implies that I must choose a length one execution here. There are two of them. And there are two executions of links two on the right, hence the two, and this binomial coefficient accounts for the interleaving of one execution with two executions. K equals to two is similar. I have four executions on the left. I have one next one execution on the right plus the interleaving. In the end, if I compute this sum, I get that I must choose K cost one with probability one half and K cost two with probability one half two. So say I choose K cost one. So now I have to sample the length one execution on the left and the links to execution on the right. Okay, let's focus on the left first. So I have a loop. The thing is with the loop that it behaves like this P star from the point of view of something P star is the same as zero plus P sequence P star. So I can rewrite my program. And also I can remove the zero because I'm looking for a non empty execution here. So it's not possible to go on the left. And now I have a sequence composition. So again, there is a rule in the recursive method to end all the sequence. So this is more common. This is a Cartesian product. So I must choose the size K of the left components. According to this distribution, this is the same as before, but I have no binomial coefficients this time. And here I observe that the only possibility K cost one because there is no length zero execution here. So I must choose an indication of links one here and an execution of links zero here. And since there is only one institution of links zero I can just remove this term. I'm left with this. Finally, I'm going to show you the rule for the distant union, which is the simplest of all. You compute the number of possible links one execution in the left. There is only one. There is only one number of links. One execution on the right. There is also one. So I toss a coin and say I choose a and now I'm done as they say that that's the atom I must choose the other. So now if I go back up, I still have to end all the right term. I'm not going to bother you with that. I have a choice. And then I will have a sequence and that's that's easy because there is only one choice here and I ended up with this. And in the end, I still have to do my shuffling my interleaving. And there are three possibilities here that's going to happen in that term and say I choose this one and I'm done. So that's the random sampling procedure. And you will notice that here I chose this this term here when I did my random sampling of the variable. Okay, I should this term and this term here. And I had to sample one limitation. So if you compute one over two times one over two times one over this binary coefficient, you will find one over 24. And this is exactly the number of links three execution in my program. So I indeed have achieved uniformity. Well on that example. What thing they have left. Okay, that should be fine. So I didn't tell you precisely how to compute these cave variables. There is one natural way of doing this. That's to sample uniform integer between zero and the sum of all the possibilities. So you compute the partial sum and you stop as soon as you get to X, as you are above X and the term you are at at this moment. That's the case. Okay, and that's a way to sample a case with this distribution. It turns out that there isn't a better way. That being found by Flagellé Simervan in Femkinson and studied in depth by Amarinero. The Flagellé algorithm in the idea is rather than summing these terms, rather than taking the partial sum in that order, you go, you take the first term, then the last, then the second term, then the term before the last term, etc. So you sum a bit like this. And by doing so, I don't think I have enough time to explain it, but it turns out that your algorithm is going to get faster than if you do this solution. But the reason, in one sentence, the reason that the worst case here is when you take K to be equals to N over two, and give you some kind of divide and compare scheme. And then your recursive calls, you have N over two arguments and it converge faster. So I'm going to use two results there. The first result is that using the Bustro-Fedonic algorithm, I can achieve an again complexity for my random sampling procedure. And Amarinero also have another result that states that on the recursion-free case, you can achieve linearity. And that's our case because remember our specifications. They don't have their recursion-free. I don't refer to the specification to P when I specify P. So in theory, I could use this result, but actually there is a trap here because the constant hidden in front of this N, it depends on the size of the drama. So I must handle that carefully and you must refine these results and turn that the constant is proportional to the depth of the drama. So that's equivalent to say it's proportional to the height of my program. If you think of my program as, if you think of it as a tree, as a syntactic tree, then the height, the height of this tree, the number of nested constructors, that's your parameter here. So I can put these two results together and I get this complexity for my random sampling procedure. So it's rather fast. It's much cheaper than counting the number of execution. Of course, I need to have done the counting before, but then it's cheap. And I'm reaching the end of my time so that's good because I'm done. So I think that if I managed to get you, keep you with me all the time, I think that the getaway of this, the takeover of this talk is that specifications can be used as first class objects. What I mean by that is that we usually, when you look at when we look at a problem, we usually choose, I mean, fix a specification, then we work from there. And in this case, what we had to do is derive automatically in a systematic way, derive one specification for one instance of the problem and then work from there. And I, I think it's not used a lot, this kind of techniques and it can be really useful. I wanted to highlight that. And from there, there are still a lot of work to do. Well, first we put generalize the model because as I mentioned, there is the most general problem which is intractable and there is this one which we proved to be tractable and there are plenty of things in between. Interesting to investigate that. Also, I didn't talk about any analytic properties of my problem. So that's also something that could be investigated. And finally, the whole purpose of this work is to check, is to test programs and to answer to Sege's question actually. So, yeah, a nice next step would be to actually use these techniques to do something like random testing or something called statistical model checking or whatever application we can have. So, I'm done. Thank you very much for your attention. And if you have any questions, I think we have five minutes. And I don't know if you can mute yourself or you just don't have questions. I would have a question if I may. Yeah, so I would ask, how far can you go actually with the, with the target size of those schedules you're generating. I'm carrying the recursive method and say multiple. Yeah, I think we reached something like, I should have prepared this question. I should have anticipated. And check we went until just roughly speaking. Yes, I don't need the exact figure. Something like 10,000 something like that. 10,000 of atomic actions. Oh, there's quite a lot. Yeah, that's, that's okay. And just confirm. Oh, no, I, sorry, sorry, I've been lying. That's more like 5,000. Sorry. Yeah, 5,000 within a minute in a minute in about a minute you can a little more than a minute you can compute the number of executions for a program with 5,000 notes and about 5,000 executions. So, sorry, additional size about 5,000 three to five hours. So that's the other of the minute and then if you want to sampling. That's, that's quite fast. It's, it measures in milliseconds, the sampling part. But really that the expensive part is counting. Oh yeah, another, yeah. An extension could be to apply something called approximate sampling. I don't remember who did this but if you count using floating points arithmetic and if you carefully handle your flow to, if you carefully quantify, sorry, the approximation error. So maybe you can achieve more efficient sampling. Oh, sorry, more efficient counting at the cost of some approximations and then go a little bit further, but I didn't do that. Okay, thank you very much. It's a naive question, but I really liked like how you, you modeled all that stuff and how did nicely fits but I was wondering if you want that if you're now looking at applications like how big is use a program in reality you could you would you would expect to test with something like that or you would work on how big would that model be like, you know, if I don't know if it's like, it's a bit naive question but I kind of, you know, what would you expect. I mean, actually I wouldn't expect programs to be too big. I think about 1000 executions is fine but I didn't really investigate this a lot. I know that people doing exhaustive testing, they look at a very, very small programs because of the state explosion. Okay, and the other people who have big programs they do random testing but in a very naive way and far from being uniform. And I don't okay. Okay, so connecting with the previous question it's like okay every 5000 you can actually do something. I think that again I would have to try very nice. I think I'm going to elaborate on this. I think that the problem would not be the size of the problem but whether the features. I mean, I don't know if a real life problem can fit. Yes. Yeah, if you can, of course, but that's that's the model you chose to do and that's a start and that's not, but that's very nice. Thank you. I have a question about the symbolic on the recursive methods, which are systematic. Do you use tools to to handle them to help you to know how do you apply it by hand. I implemented all of it, except for you. Sorry, I lost focus. Yes. I implemented all of this by hand. I mean, yeah, I implemented all of this in C. So not using maple or stuff like that. The only tool I used was a library for doing the polynomial notifications, because I, I mean, a polynomial notification is whole topic. And they are very fine tuned algorithms to do that. So I use the library for that, except for this, all of this is implemented by myself. Oh, yeah, and I didn't mention this, but this is available on my on my. I can give a link in the. Just to inform that there is a current effort by Florence ever to implement the tools of combinatorics inside cock. Yeah, which is a proof assistant. Yeah. And he has a great experience in it on the. So the idea that you input the equations. In terms of combinatorial classes on you get the generating functions on the counting. It's, it's a starting project only works around for the moment so we cannot expect for for a result soon but they are already tools in the time is over for the talk. Okay, is there another question. Yes, you can ask it. She can unmute your microphone. So junior asked how likely is it to implement your word product as a Boltzmann sample. What the problem that's a very interesting question. The problem is on this slide actually. It's everything except for for this line can be implemented is easy to implement as a book and sampler. But since we have this mix of labeled and enable constructions. That's a really tricky thing to do and there has been an attempt to do this actually. I did this. I think I was so yeah and that's maybe I can find the reference and give it to you in the discord thing. Yes, it's in the thesis of the house. Even if the exclusion part will be difficult to have with the both. Oh, the, the exclusion is not really an issue because you just remove one term in some cases. You could. But in both in sampling you don't have a particular term that you could remove, I guess. Yeah, but I mean for the junior part. Yeah, but in this particular case, you can rewrite your grammar so that you don't have exclusion. It's just convenient. But since I'm just moving one epsilon sometimes I can just rewrite the grammar to handle this. That's feasible. The problem is really in the mix of these two operators and they tried to implement this. They tried to do this in the most important context. But at the cost of an expensive generation procedure at some point you have to do something that is similar to the recursive method. Then I think it's unlikely to be more efficient than a more traditional approach like this. I didn't run the tool because it seems I think there is a maple implementation, but I don't have access to it. They admit it's not very efficient. So I guess it's difficult. We can stop the recording for this.


Fifteen ways to avoid a telemarketer. Say no. Hello? Hi, Mr. Charles. This is Tanvir from Teleco. I'm calling to see whether you're interested in our new data package. No. Wow, that worked. Change your voice. Hello? Good morning. This is Tanvir from Teleco. Is this Mr. Charles that I'm talking to? No, it's not. Oh, sorry. It's fine. What are you calling about anyways? About our new data package. Oh! Yes, tell me about it. Wait, who is this? It's me. Charles, I wasn't here, but now I isn't. Yeah, I'm not buying that. Oh, yeah? Well, that's what I was going to say about your data package. Have a low data package. Hi, I'm calling you about our new data... And I'm out of data. Just die. I'm calling about a new data package. Uh-huh. Tell me about it. This new data package can boost your... How did he manage to hang up after he died? Just laugh. I'm calling you about this new data package. I'm sorry, Mr. What's so funny? Ignore him. So I'm calling about this new data package that I think will be very beneficial for you. Uh-huh. Yes, this data package could indeed increase your internet speed by 500 mbps. Wow. Indeed. So are you interested in it, sir? Wow. So, yes. Hello? Okay, so you're still here. Interrupt him. Hello? I'm happy. Hi, sir. I'm calling to see... How are ya? I'm good, thanks. I'm actually calling to... How's your family? Anyways, I'm trying to call about... And how does that make you feel? No, SAPI English. Hi, is this Mr. Charles? Yes, it is. That is me. Great, I would like to talk about how are you... So sorry, I don't speak a drop of English. Oh, wait, what? Sorry. It's me. My situation currently obstructs me from voicing out the lexicon needed to interact with you to and fro. That's perfectly all right, sir. I actually know nine languages. Let's continue in your language. Sir, I can't seem to hear you. Then maybe that's a sign we should end this conversation. Have a breakdown. Hi, sir. Is this a bad time? Not at all. Okay. Sir, I'm calling about a new data package. Why does this always happen to me? What's happening, sir? Every time I put an onion in my eye, it annoys me so much! Wrong number. I'm calling about a new package. Wrong number. What? Give me a number. Oh, okay. See? Wrong number. Pretend you're outside. Hi, sir, I have this new package. Sorry, I can't hear you. I'm outside. I can literally hear you breathing. Yeah. I mean it quite straight. Let me get an louder one. Get mad. I'm calling about this new data package. What? A data package? Are you kidding me? Are you interested? What? Am I interested? You have some nerve, man. And that makes me want to hang up rightfully! Make him contemplate. I'd like to tell you about your new data package. Hey, sorry. For what, sir? For wasting my time. I'll put the link up under here.  I'll remember this for the rest of my life. See what happens when you follow the script? Ask for the truth. This new package is great. Be honest with me. If you weren't getting paid, would you get this package? No. Bye. Film a video. Hey, sorry. I can't talk now because I'm filming a video. You are? Wait. Why is there a camera in here? Yeah. Stay still. I'm trying to focus here. And finally, just hear him out. Sir, listen. Just hear me out. Okay, fine. But make a count. I have this package and it's my last resort. Go on. I stopped calling you. No more harassment. Okay. I take your phone number. Out of my system. Okay. I will apologize for... They're not calling you. Why? Are you interested? Well, no. They are not. I need someone to throw my anger at. And hang it up on you and it feels great. So keep calling me. Keep doing your job.  And they do. But we need people like you, okay? So stay real, bro. Come back tomorrow, okay? Yeah, not interested. And that's it. Thanks for watching. By the way, did you notice that there were actually 16 scenes instead of 15? Or maybe not. Only one way to find out.


What happened last time, you are so confident? Yes sir, last time in interview I got good marks like 1-8 year above but in my mains I have just reduced some 10 marks near to cut also. It's an unusual problem, a reverse problem. Ok, ok. Your hobby is organizing events for neighborhood children. Yes sir. What events are you organizing? Sir, I used to organize events like quiz competitions. Sometimes to exhibit their own talents and interests such as singing, dancing and the role plays what they are having in their mind, some kind of ideas to create awareness and they have learned in their school books. These are the things I used to organize for them sir. You are interested in music and singing? Yes sir. But have you learnt anything classical music? Sir, so far I didn't go for any classical music classes but I used to have the practice of singing in my house itself and other kind of music also I used to listen which are available in online and in other cassettes also. But with that background you keep on singing? Yes sir. Ok, ok. Foreign service is not opted. Last year I had very high hopes that you will definitely get into it. Yes sir. Last year when I saw you and your answers they were very nice. Now we have this Citizenship Amendment Act. There is protest everywhere. What is your opinion on Citizenship Amendment Act? Sir, I think Citizenship Amendment Act really in this server it is really needed but we need some more changes also. As it is just giving the minority people of these three countries like Afghan, Bangladesh and Pakistan. It can be include other people like Agamadhyas from Pakistan. As it based on the cultural connectivity and the historical connectivity of those region people those who are having with India it can be extended to them also. So I need some more changes can be make the people to feel comfort and understand about the amendment really sir. But it does not have a category 14 and 15? Sir, right to equality is there but India is the land of the people those who are coming here with that cultural and other related backgrounds. So as it is a motherland for all these neighbouring nations it can extend its like ability to help those people by giving them citizenship as they are living here for a long period of time. But some eminent persecuted groups have been left out from other countries. What are they? Sir, I think Rohingyas from Bangladesh and Sri Lankan refugees also. From China? Sir, I unable to recollect the issue exactly but it was with the debate during the 1970s it has happened. The Uighur Muslims of Jigjian they are also persecuted quite a lot, isn't it? Yes sir. And what are your comments on these things? Sir, I think we should make the policy very clear. The amendment very clear to every citizen of India that we are taken this move now. It is not simply to give them the citizenship alone. It is for our soft corner towards the people those who are immigrated to India and for the next generation also because we have their real resources and more opportunities to provide them also. So I think we have to move on that way. Recently Nurbhaya case was in the headlines. The punishments for people who are responsible for the rape and murder may be capital punishment will be given to them. How do you look at the capital punishment as a form of punishment for dispensing justice? Sir, capital punishment in my opinion it can be given for the rarest of the rare case because every punishment should be in the reformative way but this is something violence against women and violence against children where the human nature itself it's not there. It should be condemned and the capital punishment really create deterrence in the society. So it should be there for the rarest of the rare case I feel sir. An incident in Hyderabad recently well maybe justice is often delayed. People themselves personally say people themselves came there was an encounter and then the people behind that incident they were killed. Are you aware of that incident? Yes sir I am aware about that. How do you look at that incident? Because the issue hasn't come to the court well. Sir though the issue has come to the court now and Human Rights Commission also have taken this issue and I feel the police officials who are involved in the investigation of this process have done their role best just because they were the so called accused where in the mood to escape this encounter action have been taken by them. So it should be done clearly through the judiciary and proper investigation more I feel sir. Thank you. Thank you sir. Hello sir. You have mentioned like Thirukural competition from World Thirukural Player away and all right. Yes sir. So what is your which is your favorite Thirukural? Sir my favorite couplet is comes in the chapter of that is about the energy. It means every human beings should think high whether the aim is going to be achieved or not but think high work more. This is the couplet I like sir. Very good.  What is your opinion on that? Sir this is really unfortunate and it should be avoided because of some politicization. People those who are really unaware about the value of Thiruvalliway and the couplets he has given to the world the whole human society it has been done in this way but it should be made clear this kind of action should not be continued here after. So the investigation and people how they should respect the poets and the literature of Tamil in the further manner should be taught by the officials I feel sir. So in last couple of weeks we heard about this 5th standard and 8th standard exam. Is it necessary for this 5th standard and 8th standard public exam for the school kids in Tamil Nadu? Sir I don't think the 5th standard and 8th standard students should be given with public exams because exams are something which really creates the fear among the students nowadays. It can be there for the 10th and plus 2 level exams but to test the quality of the children of their standards can be done by the other school's question papers other school teachers it can be done through that manner really check the quality and bring out the value of the education of that particular institute sir rather for going for public exams for these small children. Already the government might have been discussed all these things with other you know a lot of educationalists are there in Tamil Nadu particular. So what we you know they can like you know go about it or like they can convince it. Sir instead of going for public exams we may say district level exams for the 8th standard students as they are in the 13-14 age group but for the small children like 10 year age group who are in the 5th standard can be deal with other schools in the particular district they may have particular zone so that the educational background extracurricular activities both can be taken into account they will be just test those things with the association of teachers and parents we may make this point clear to the officials also. So you are from Madurai right? Yes sir. What is the unique thing in Madurai? Sir Madurai is famous for its culture it is known as temple city and also for Jasmine flood. Very good sir. Sorry sir Purnasundari. Purnasundari. Purnasundari. What is the meaning of your name? Sir Purnasundari means complete fulfillment and Sundari means beauty. According to this PIA protest most of the places women are leading the spreadings. Sir can I have the question once again please? In most of the places people are protesting against the same country of places women are leading that protest march. They are participating in a huge number. In certain places they only stage the protest. This is a new development in democracy. Sir as India is in the transition mode in every issues women involvement is really high it is really huge in number more number of women are coming forward and protesting even in this issue as people have felt that right to equality is really affected more number of women as they are from some other minority group they do feel that their rights of having employment opportunity, education for their children everything can be affected in some time. Because of that lack of awareness and the rights they really do not want to just to give not they are coming and protesting now sir. Police is handling them in a brutal way. They are describing that. What do you think? I see this it is happening even in some corner some packets of India because in most of the areas people are just damaging the public like I mean it is what they are available with like the buses and other institutions but treating them brutally it should be avoided. So nowadays the online media like WhatsApp and other things are really portraying through the videos they have taken. So that is transparency if they are really involved in some kind of actions that is treating them brutally it should be avoided and it should be bring out to the judiciary and proper investigation should be done. What is the aim of our jurisprudence? Sir I would say it should reform on the basis because more number of people are involving in crimes and they are really going against some kind of initiatives and other policies taken by the government for the money. So it should be on the reformative basis. So the proper way of thinking and giving them counselling will work out more. Have you ever come across the JJ Act? I am sorry sir I unable to recall about it. Yes thank you for the information. It is revoked in Uttar Pradesh. The protestors brought their children to the protest. So children participating in the protest is against their interest and the government is revoking that and filed cases against them or their parents. Sir I think it should be go for the reconsideration because children at this very engage they will follow automatically what their parents are telling to them what they are in what way they are guiding. So it should be go for the reconsideration and children should not be affected for the actions of what the parents are their guardians are taking. It will lead to some kind of misuse of these small children also. It also affects the future of those children sir. So it should be avoided I feel. Yes sir you are working in Pannuad Grammin Bank. Yes sir. Can you tell us in shorter words the functioning of the Grammin Bank Sir Tamil Nadu Grammin Bank it is newly emerged in the year of 2019 April. Earlier it was like Pandian and Palavan Grammin Bank in Tamil Nadu. The main function is giving attention to the rural and suburban areas where we are having more number of agrarian based workers the farmers and the self-help groups like women. So these people are really given attention and for having deposits like recurring deposits and fixed deposits from them giving them the joint loan and other manufacturing SME loans are being done clearly by the help of these Tamil Nadu Grammin Banks. Is it true that the Indian banking is undergoing a crisis? If it is so please explain us in simple terms. Yes sir really now the banking system Indian banking system is in the crisis because of the bad loans and the NPA. Nowadays the willful defaults and the economy have changed the plot of the loanies who have taken loans from these banks. So the recapitalization of the government and strengthening the economy by reducing reparates and other investment policies like single window clearance for the SMEs really helping the people to come forward and have better access with formal financial institutions like banks. So the banks ultimately having know about these areas where they have to give advances for the people and they can function better also. The merging of these banks like Pandian and Palavan really enhanced the administration and attention for the areas particularly for the demand of those areas if it is in the Kanyakumari the district located in the southern part of Tamil Nadu where the fishermen have been given much attention. Those kind of schemes also included in this bank now. So it will make more access to the bank as well as it really helps the bank to make the financial stability. So who is responsible for the bad loans? Sir. Is it the system, the RBI, individual nationalized big banks like the State Bank of India etc. etc. or the rulers the political class as such responsible for the bad loans and the NPA? Sir, I will go for both. First of all the customers when they ask for loan because of lack of transparency and the inclusiveness of data in what are the banks they have taken already the advance. Now it has been developed. The system is being developed now so we could know he is willful defaulter already but earlier because of lack of information sharing it has happened. On the other hand the managers of the branches are also should know in what are the areas they could give advance so that the society and the people can get benefit of it the bank financial stability are also will be there. So the lack of these two areas I feel so. Can we name and shame the defaulters? Sir, so far I could recollect the huge willful defaulters like Nirao Modi and Vijay Malaya who were just gone of that time. What about Chandra Kochar? Yes sir. You agree with that? Sir, actually it was the conflict of interest so the proper investigation can be done. Out of that we can come to the conclusion I feel so. Is it worthwhile considering that time has come now to reconsider the nationalization of banks? Certainly yes sir because after nationalizing the banks in 1960s more number of banks are there because earlier because of the private banks customers felt the insolvency and bankruptcy also happened huge in number. Now it has been reduced and it has been regulated by the central bank RBI with proper guidance and nabard also on the other hand regulating the banks like Gramin Bank so that is stability and nationalization really helped a lot sir. Okay, so when I asked you about Citizenship Act and Article 1415 you have used the word citizenship two three times. Actually Article 14 is not meant for citizens, meant for all persons. All persons, thank you. So they will be given citizenship. Okay, so only after that they become citizens. Read about little more because that is the major bonding issue these days. Little more. I think put the depth of it. I will ask other questions. Others have to ask but read about it. Okay. Sure sir. Things are alright. Thank you. Thank you sir. Thank you.


The World's Honored Watch is Laun Jean. Laun Jean watches have won 10 World's Fair Grand Prizes, 28 gold medals and more, honors for accuracy than any other timepiece. Laun Jean, the world's most honored watch, is made and guaranteed by the Laun Jean Wittner Watch Company. It's time for the Laun Jean Chronoscope, a television journal of the important issues of the hour, brought to you every Monday, Wednesday and Friday. A presentation of the Laun Jean Wittner Watch Company, maker of Laun Jean, the world's most honored watch, and Wittner, distinguished companion to the world-honored Laun Jean. Good evening, this is Frank Knight. May I introduce our co-editors for this edition of the Laun Jean Chronoscope. Mr. Donald I. Rogers of the New York Herald Tribune, and Mr. William Bradford Huey, editor of the American Mercury. Our distinguished guest for this evening is the honorable Owen Brewster, United States Senator from Maine. The opinions expressed are necessarily those of the speakers. Senator Brewster, our audience, of course, knows you as the distinguished senior senator from Maine. How long have you been in the Senate, sir? This is my eleventh year. And what are your committee assignments now, sir? Among foreign relations and interstate and foreign commerce. And I believe that our audience understands that you are one of the three senators who has just rejected the nomination of Dr. Jessup. That's correct, isn't it, sir? Yes, there was a subcommittee of five members, and we've held hearings for three weeks, and three of us voted against his confirmation. Senator Smith, Senator Gillette on the ground that he lacked popular confidence. I voted against him on the ground he couldn't make himself understood, and I thought that was the first qualification of a diplomat. Senator, I believe that Mr. Jessup's background came into the discussion. His ties or beliefs with Red China? Yes, that was the basis of the original attack on him and on the policies that he had advocated. President Stassen of the University of Pennsylvania made some very serious charges and substantiated them pretty well with some of his evidence. Now, do you feel that this might set a dangerous precedent in which the past utterances or past beliefs of every nominee would be scrutinized, brought forth to impugn him today? My basis of criticism was his lack of candor in admitting the opinions he had held, his attempt to cover up opinions which he obviously had held. We had four men, Senator Smith and Mr. Stassen, General Fortier, and today Admiral Cook all testified they understood from Jessup that he rather inclined to the recognition of Red China. He absolutely denies it. If he doesn't seem all those men could be wrong or else he doesn't have the capacity to make himself understood and that's unfortunate in the diplomat. You'd feel differently about him if he had said, well, yes, I did feel that way about Red China. I think he would have made a much better show and we had Tobias down there, one of the delegates and he was connected with various communist organizations. He admitted it frankly, said he didn't realize at the time. He was sorry for it, he's very much opposed and obviously confirmed him today along with eight other delegates and left Jessup out. The Senate acted today to my very great gratification. I was glad they took Mrs. Roosevelt and Warren Austin out of the class of those whom the Senator refused to confirm. Senator, I suppose that you are quite popular with your colleague Senator McCarthy now as a result of this action. Do you regard your vote as a vindication of what is commonly known as McCarthyism? No, I think the McCarthy charges did not occupy as prominent a place in this situation as the friends of Mr. Jessup would have desired. They started out to make McCarthy the issue rather than Jessup but as a result of the entry of Harold Stassen the issue became Jessup and his actions. This does to a measurable extent vindicate McCarthy's original charge a year ago that he felt that Jessup was the architect of our Far Eastern policy. That Senator Smith himself agreed was one of the fundamental issues. That was the original McCarthy charge. Now Senator, on that issue, I believe that you are a well-known supporter of Senator Taff's candidacy for the presidency. Yes, I have long believed that he was the logical nominee. You've known the Senator for many years I believe. Yes, I voted for him for president of the Harvard Law Review 30 years ago. Do you think that Senator Taff, number one, can win the Republican nomination? I believe that he has the most excellent chance. I think he's a long ways taught it today from what I've observed in the country. And do you think that as the Republican nominee he will have a good chance to defeat President Truman? I think he'll make the kind of a campaign which I believe the Republicans and many Americans want to have a fight in campaign. That's the kind of a man he is and he has a tremendous knowledge of events. That's one of his unique qualifications because he has an encyclopedic mind and has it all his fingertips. And what do you think, sir, will be the principal issue in the presidential campaign? I think that confusion, corruption, and communism are altogether likely to be the major issues in the campaign. And I think we have a great deal of ammunition on all those scores. Confusion, corruption, and communism. You expect that to be one of the Republican slogans, actually. It's my slogan at any rate for the campaign. CCC. That's right. Alphabetical agencies are frequent down there. You were one of the many who went over to see General Eisenhower this past summer. Yes, I was over there. And I assume that after visiting General Eisenhower you compared General Eisenhower and Mr. Taft and came up with Mr. Taft. No, I wouldn't say that that was the case. I came back, fully persuaded, as I stated, that General Eisenhower was the indispensable man in Europe. And I was very much gratified, although you might not agree to find the New York Times agreed with me the other day when their correspondent over in Europe had a two-column story to the same effect. Of course, that was very objective. Politicians are sometimes suspect. Senator. I'm sure that our audience would like you to discuss Spain because you've been active in trying to obtain more American aid for Spain. I believe you also traveled there. I've been over there several times and feel very strongly about the wisdom of our cultivating far more closer relations with them. Now, what is the basis of that, sir? I mean, are you interested in cultivating them for military reasons? Yes, that is the cornerstone. I think all of our defense authorities, that's one thing on which we have complete unification. The army because of the ground that is offered, the air core because of the splendid conditions. You can operate all the year and they have very good airfields. And the navy because of the ports and because it's the key to the Mediterranean. How we can ever expect to have a great fleet over there in the Mediterranean as we do now without assured sympathetic cooperation from Spain is incalculable. How then do we have all this opposition? Opposition from the White House? I think it is emotional and ideological. The French and the British governments now in power have been very critical of the Franco regime and there are many elements in this country who agree. If the British election should go to Mr. Churchill there would be quite a change in the British attitude. Churchill, who was all through the war, knows thoroughly that Spanish picture. And I've discussed it with him this summer and I know that he fully agrees with those in this country who consider Spain as the cornerstone to European defense. Quite parenthetically, not to leave Spain. Do you think Churchill has a pretty good chance? That was the feeling when I was there and apparently every development since has indicated it. The betting odds are very much in his favor as they were in favor of Mr. Dewey a couple of years ago. Well, Senator, I'd like to come back just a moment to the military aspects of Spain. Do our military authorities believe that we could hold Spain in the event of a war with Russia? The Pyrenees are the best natural barrier in the world, probably. If you've flown over, you'll see it running from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic and almost impenetrable barrier so that it would be very feasible and Spain has from one to two million men who are good fighters. Whatever you think about the Spaniards, they're certainly fighters as they demonstrated in their own civil war. They've had a lot of practice. That's right. And the opposition, we were speaking of the opposition in our country to our aid to Spain and you said that it was emotional. Has the religious issue also been important there? I referred to. I thought it was better to call it emotion rather than the religious fanaticism. But that has been very greatly played up and agitated and I think it has been an influence operating very powerfully in our State Department as manifest in a variety of ways. Now, they finally announced a year ago, January, they were going to normalize relations. Then this year, Admiral Sherman finally persuaded them that we must cultivate closer military arrangements and he was over there. I was there at the same time when his tragic death came. Why is it that we haven't heard anything more about it since Admiral Sherman? Because the State Department is now doing exactly what they did on China and exactly what they've done in some other quarters. They are carrying on a slowdown on that situation and are planning to sabotage the program if they can and I think it is a tragic blow at the adequate preparations about defense. Will they sabotage the money you've appropriated? We appropriated a year ago $62 million and it took them nearly a year to distribute it. Meanwhile, they gave $50 million to Yugoslavia before they even had any authorization. That made the difference. Yugoslavia has a communist regime while Spain has a Catholic ideology and that is apparently not acceptable to those in control in our State Department and I think it's time the American people understood it. Then I understand you, Senator, that you believe that American dollars spent abroad can be spent very effectively in Spain. I want to thank you very much for being with us tonight, sir. The editorial board for this edition of the Laun Jean Chronoscope was Mr. Donald I. Rogers and Mr. William Bradford Huey. Our distinguished guest was the Honorable Owen Brewster, United States Senator from Maine. I went to the museum of the city of New York and I asked, have you got a picture of the New York of 1866? The reason, of course, was that in 1866 in New York, the Laun Jean Wittner Watch Company opened its doors for business. They gave me this interesting picture. There were sailing ships on the Hudson and the East Rivers, but there were no bridges or subways, no tunnels. Yet 2 million people already made their homes on Manhattan Island. This was the scene when our company's travelers, by horse cars, steam train and on horseback, first brought Laun Jean watches to find jewelers throughout the land. What's past is prelude that has been written. This was the prelude to 85 years of leadership in the art of fine watchmaking. A leadership symbolized by 10 World's Fair Grand Prizes, 28 gold medal awards, and highest honors for accuracy from the world's government observatories. For beauty, for greater accuracy, and for the promise of a long and useful life, these are the finest Laun Jean watches ever made. Laun Jean, the world's most honored watch, the premier product of the Laun Jean Wittner Watch Company, since 1866, maker of watches of the highest character. This is Frank Knight, again reminding you that the Laun Jean Chronoscope is brought to you three times weekly, every Monday, Wednesday and Friday. So won't you join us every Monday, Wednesday and Friday evening at this same time for the Laun Jean Chronoscope, a television journal of the important issues of the hour, broadcast on behalf of Laun Jean, the world's most honored watch, and Wittner, distinguished companion to the world honored Laun Jean, sold and serviced from coast to coast by more than 4,000 leading jewelers who proudly display the emblem, agency for Laun Jean Wittner watches. This is the CBS television network.


Welcome to Spotlight Advanced. I'm Bruce Gulland. And I'm Megan Nolette. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live. For thousands of years, powerful kingdoms and nations have extended their control over groups of people and territories. This is colonialism. The indigenous people in many countries share a common story. Their people lived in the country sometimes for thousands of years. They had their own culture and ways of life. Then another group of people came into their land. They took control of the land and its resources. This new group brought different ways of living. And often, the colonizing countries used force or unjust acts to extend their power over the aboriginal or indigenous people. Around the world, colonialism has caused much damage. It has also caused much mistrust between colonizing and indigenous people. Even generations later, the wounds are still deep. But is it possible to heal these wounds? Does the damage have to continue? Today's Spotlight is on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. This organization exists to help Canadians work toward a better future, even after the many hurts of colonialism. Today, Canada is a diverse country. It includes people from many different ethnic origins. However, the majority of the population has European ethnic origins. This was not always the case. Before the 1600s, indigenous tribes lived in Canada. These tribal people are now sometimes called First Nations. During the 17th and 18th centuries, European powers colonized Canada. Many European immigrants moved to Canada. They quickly became the majority population. After a time, they formed a new nation called Canada. But this new nation did not fully include indigenous tribes. The Canadian government did not like the differences between the majority and indigenous cultures. They called it the Indian Problem. So, in 1857, the government of Canada made a law called the Gradual Civilization Act. This law expressed a new policy. The government wanted to force indigenous people to end their own culture. The government wanted to force the indigenous people to become part of the majority culture. Dr. Duncan Campbell Scott was the head of Canada's Indian Affairs Program from 1913 to 1932. He said, I want to get rid of the Indian Problem. I do not think that the country should continue to protect a group of people who are able to stand alone. Our goal is to continue until there is not a single Indian in Canada that has not become part of the larger culture. A major way that the government tried to end indigenous culture was through the residential school system. The government created this system of schools for indigenous children. Over a period of 100 years, 150,000 students attended the schools. The residential school system separated indigenous children from their families and communities. Many of the children lived at the schools for months at a time. The schools taught children that indigenous culture was evil. They could not speak their native languages, and they used only English names. The conditions at many of the schools were horrible. The schools were often too full and dirty. The schools did not have enough heating, and the students lacked medical care. Thousands of the children became sick and died. Some reports estimate that in some schools, 30 to 60% of children died. Some of these children were buried at the schools in group burial sites. No one told their parents. Different Christian churches managed most of the residential schools. And at many of these schools, religious leaders hurt the children. Leaders hit children and used extreme methods of punishment.   Many, many children were emotionally and physically damaged in this way. The history of the residential school system became a story of shame for Canada. For many years, indigenous and non-indigenous Canadians wanted the government to admit it had been wrong. In 2006, the government of Canada made a legal agreement with indigenous tribes. The government agreed to give almost $2 billion to individual people who survived the residential schools. But money alone could not solve the hurt of Canada's negative policies. There were too many victims and too much damage. So the lawsuit also included a decision to create a Truth and Reconciliation Commission or a TRC. A TRC is a kind of public court. The public can hear about crimes, address the harm and look to the future. The Canadian TRC was established in 2008. The TRC held events in major cities all across Canada. At every event, the TRC educated people about what happened. People could walk through educational displays. These displays showed historical objects from the residential schools and indigenous culture. People could also attend classes on the history of the residential schools. One of the main parts of the TRC happened when people gathered together into listening circles. Non-indigenous and indigenous Canadians listened to the stories of people who experienced the residential school system. There were opportunities to ask and answer questions. These listening circles helped indigenous and non-indigenous people understand each other better. The TRC also provided places to discuss difficult questions. Questions like, what kind of attitudes are thinking caused the residential school systems? Do people still think this way today? Do current laws support such attitudes? These discussions could help indigenous and non-indigenous people work together to change Canada's current culture and laws. The TRC also created the chance for forgiveness and new beginnings. When the TRC was established, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper made an official apology to Canada's indigenous tribes. For the first time, the head of Canada accepted blame and expressed regret for what happened. During TRC events, government and community leaders also offered apologies and asked the indigenous communities for forgiveness. They also declared official promises to the tribes for the future. The TRC offices officially closed in 2015. They had collected stories from survivors. They produced reports and resources for students and teachers. And the work of the TRC continues in a new organization. This is called the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation, or the NCTR. The NCTR says it is a place for learning. They promise to keep the truths of the residential schools safe and honoured. And indeed, this issue continues even today. First Nations people continue to find remains of children at the schools. In May and June of 2021, three more burial sites were found near residential schools. How can people move forward with a history like this? How can people continue the work of reconciliation? Don Clausen is a Canadian who works for reconciliation between indigenous and non-indigenous people. His ancestors colonized farmland in British Columbia, Canada. In many ways, his life was built on government acts that were not fair to indigenous people. Clausen began his reconciliation work by building a relationship with an indigenous man. This man was named Isador Charters. Charters is a survivor of the residential schools. The two men became good friends. They worked together to create an educational class for the TRC. They also made a film about Charters' story. Clausen and Charters believe that the TRC provides a base for building new relationships. In their film, Charters says, We have got to work together. Now that you know the story, you can help by passing the story on, by walking with us. In a future spotlight program, we will look at the story of Isador Charters. Listen and learn about how he found healing from his residential school experience. Have you ever heard of these residential schools?  How did people find peace? Tell us what you think. You can leave a comment on our website or email us at contact at spotlightenglish.com You can also find us on YouTube, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. The writer of this program was Jennifer Hawkins. The producer was Michio Ozaki. All quotes were adapted and voiced by Spotlight. You can listen to this program again and read it on the internet at www.spotlightenglish.com This program is called Truth and Reconciliation for Canada. Visit our website to download our free official app for Android and Apple devices. We hope you can join us again for the next spotlight program. Goodbye.


It is Brett and this 2016 GMC Sear 500 Crew Cab Short Box Denali is stock number 12893Z. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, you're new and used heavy duty truck headquarters. This 2016 GMC has the 6.6 liter Duramax diesel engine, 397 horsepower and it's paired up with the Allison heavy duty six-speed automatic transmission. This truck has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop per the state of Wisconsin inspection process. It has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluid tab been checked and topped off and this truck is 100% ready to go. We're going to go all the way around in this video, inside, underneath, start it up and take a look under the hood of course. Onyx Black is the color and we shoot all of our videos in 4K. So if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, smart phone or television, I highly recommend turning them on right now because it is your best way to check out the quality, condition, options and cleanliness of the vehicle before seeing it in person. And if you like the video and how we do things here at Summit Automotive, that's great because we do these videos each and every day. And you can subscribe to our YouTube channel in the lower right hand part of the screen and then click the bell notifications and you'll get updates every time we do videos here at Summit of our new and used inventory. This one comes with fuel 20 inch painted and polished aluminum rims there in really nice shape and it has a really nice set of Nitto Ridge Grappler tires. These are 33 by 12 and a half R20 LT's and these tires have right around I'd say 60% of the tread left on them. It does have a Fox shocks or does have Fox shocks on it in a leveling kit framing under bodies in pretty nice shape. And that is a Cognito leveling kit on here. Probably about a two or three inch leveling kit I'd say. Front fender is in excellent condition. The headlight lenses are crystal clear. Does have the LED running lights and the projector style headlamps. I'm guessing since this is a Denali it probably has the HIV headlamps but we'll check that out at the end of the video. Has the front bumper parking sensors, factory fog lights. The grille is in excellent condition as well and the hood is in really nice shape too. Does have the cab lights up top, passenger side front fender is in excellent shape as well and the passenger side rim is in nice condition too. No scuffs or scrapes on there. As you go down this side of this 2016 GMC Sierra take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the truck you can see the truck here, the truck and of confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. So when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at. And if this video helps you make that decision let your salesman know that you saw the video that it was helpful and that Brett sent you.  Has all the remaining factory exhaust so it hasn't been altered in any way. Lower rockers and cab corners all look really good as well and it does come with the factory chrome step bars. Going down the passenger side, didn't see any major dents or dings in the box. The rear bumper is in fantastic condition, does have the back of parking sensors and the rear bumper steps. Full towing package which includes a receiver hitch, four pin and seven pin wiring. And the tailgate is in really nice condition as well. Comes with a rolling tonneau cover, my guess is that it's a retracts, doesn't really say on there but rolling tonneau cover. That is in nice shape. Has the shock down assist, spray and bed liner, beds in really nice shape and it does have LED lighting back here, there are those LED lights, you turn those on with the cargo lamps and you get some side box tie downs as well and that spray and bed liner goes on to the tailgate. Tailgate shuts nice and solidly. As you go down the driver side just as clean as that passenger side. No major imperfections on there and for full disclosure this back rim is in really nice shape as well. Down the rest of this side of the truck the cab and the doors all look really good. Does have the telescopic tow mirrors with the built in directional signals, LED side lights. These mirrors power fold in, they also telescope out like so. Inside the Denali package gives you the tan leather interior, there are no rips or tears on the seats. You get the Denali stitched into the headrest, those seats are in nice shape. Does have a set of weather tech floor mats and a set of factory carpets underneath. Auto headlamps turned out four wheel drive has tilt, telescopic steering wheel, factory brake controller, power windows, power locks and power mirrors and these mirrors do power fold in like I said. I always like showing both sides so that you know that both sides are working properly. And this one also has memory driver seat, the nice wood grain trim and then the Bose sound. We'll hop inside, check out the miles, radium and everything that this truck has to offer on the interior. You can see that this one has 28,911 miles, it does come with the digital speedometer and the digital instrument cluster. Very nice and clean inside this truck, smells very clean in here, I don't think it's ever been smoked in. You get Bluetooth and information center controls on the right, cruise controls on the left, forward collision warning controls and then your heated steering wheel button is right there too. You get the Allyson six speed automatic transmission with the optional tap shift, the factory GMC and telelink system with the navigation system on there, you can see that is working nicely and it does have a projection manager where you can project your cell phone to the screen via Android Auto or Apple CarPlay. This is also where your backup camera shows up but you have to have the truck on for that to work.  You get power pedals, stability control, that's for your cargo lamps, that's also how you turn on your LED side lights. So I'll show you those in just a second and your box lights.  You get two USBs, two 12 volt power points and then a 110 volt, 150 watt plug. Cup holders and storage area is very nice and clean. Dual glove boxes and the passenger side format and seat are in excellent condition. Once again, I don't think this truck's ever been smoked and smells very clean inside. Headliners in great shape, it does come with the power sunroof. Up here you get your map lights, home link buttons for your garage doors, security systems and lane systems, power sliding rear window button, on-star and SOS capabilities in the mirror. And this one does have the wireless cell phone charge pad, which is a nice feature. We'll check out the back seats, we'll start it up and we'll take a look under the hood. We'll check out all those HID lights and if I remember, we can check out the backup camera as well. Back seats are in excellent shape, no rips or tears back here. It does have the latch child safety system for any child car seats. You may have power sliding rear window with the built-in rear defrost. Seats are in excellent shape. You get that weather tech floor mat back here, which keeps your carpeting and carpet floor mats looking like new. It does have side curtain airbags on this truck. And the bottoms of the doors all look really good on here. There are those LED side lights, like I said, they are super bright. And turn on with those cargo lamps. Alright, we'll start it up. We'll check out the backup cam. We'll take a look under the hood, we'll check out all those lights. Starts right up, no check engine lights or anything like that. Backup camera, working nicely. Alright, let's go take a look under the hood. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today. And hopefully from this HD video, you have been able to verify the quality, condition, options, and cleanliness of this truck inside and out. There are those HID headlamps, LED running lights. Clear inside, it's looking good. Under the hood, we have the 6.6 liter Duramax diesel engine. LML engine, 397 horsepower engine base, very clean, runs very smooth. Once again, this truck has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop as a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and tapped off. And this truck is 100% ready to go. And I would highly recommend this truck from a quality and condition standpoint. And to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, mini-mans, Wranglers, half-tons, three-quarter-tons, one-tons. You name it, we gotta go to that website right there, summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com. And if you'd like to check out more HD videos, you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Number two, like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. Click the bell notifications, you'll get updates on the videos we do each and every day here at Summit Automotive. In fact, in a second, you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on the upper left. Link to more GMC Sierra 2500 truck videos like this one on the upper right. Link to this vehicle on our website on the lower left. And a link to one of our latest YouTube videos on the lower right. Click those, check us out. And we're super excited to help you with this Ultra Clean 2016 GMC Crew Cab Short Box Denouver. And Onyx Black Clear Coat. Thanks again for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe, and share. I really appreciate it. And we look forward to helping you on this truck.


Four people were killed and seven were hurt when a man went on a stabbing rampage across multiple locations in a northern Illinois community. A 15-year-old girl, a 63-year-old woman, a 49-year-old man, and a 22-year-old man were killed in the incident and five others who were injured were transported to local hospitals with serious injuries. The Rockford Police Department said in a news release point five people were injured in the city of Rockford and two people were injured in the jurisdiction of Winnebago County. The Rockford Police spokesperson Michelle Marcom told. A man, 22, has been arrested and is being questioned by police. Police said the motive for the attacks remained unclear. The home invasion occurred on Florence Street but the attacks unfolded at multiple locations. Police say Winnebago Country Sheriff Gary Caruana said a young woman had sustained stab wounds to her hands and face after being seen running away from the suspect. Rockford Police Chief Carla Redd said that not all of the victims had been stabbed, but added that none had suffered gunshot wounds. She said police did not believe there were any other suspects at large, not all of the victims found at multiple addresses in the city had stab wounds and none were shot, according to Redd. Redd said residents in the area were being asked to review their home surveillance camera footage for anything related to the attacks. What happened in Moscow could happen in U.S. Senator Marco Rubio. Last Friday's terrorist attack at the Kroger City Hall music venue outside Moscow showed that Islamic State extremists have been able to re-establish their operations in Afghanistan after the chaotic U.S. pullout in 2021, Florida Senator Marco Rubio told ABC News. Last week, four gunmen stormed the arena just before a concert by the rock band Picnic. The venue, which has an estimated capacity of 7,500, was almost full. The terrorists killed the unarmed guards, opened fire on visitors, and then started a blaze which quickly spread through the building. At least 137 people were killed and over 180 were injured, according to officials. Speaking to ABC's This Week, Rubio said the fact that ISIS Qorasan, a wing of Islamic State based primarily in Afghanistan, has claimed responsibility for the atrocity suggests that the group has regained its footing and could be planning other attacks. This K reconstituted itself as we warned would happen. When we had this disastrous withdrawal from Afghanistan, the senator said, recalling that one of the main criticisms of U.S. President Joe Biden's rushed exit was that it would give terrorists operating space to reorganize themselves. Once we leave Afghanistan, and we're no longer there to conduct regular strikes, they can now operate openly. No matter how much the Taliban wants to take them on, they can't. They don't have the capability to do it. Rubio said, adding that Islamic State has now found a place to operate from and is likely looking for more real estate where they can organize and plot attacks. Rubio pointed out that in recent years, Islamic State extremists have carried out numerous attacks in Afghanistan and Iran, and warned that the massacre on Russian soil means that they could soon attempt something similar in the U.S. Their aspirations go beyond Russia and Iran. The senator said adding that Islamic State would love to do what they did in Moscow, here inside the United States. He stressed that the U.S. should be very concerned about such a threat and suggested that Islamic State extremists may use trafficking networks to enter the country through the U.S.-Mexico border. Germany says that Schultz's visit to China prevented Russia's nuclear strike on Ukraine. Western media, including German, reported that in 2022, German Chancellor Olaf Schultz arrived in Beijing and helped convince Chinese leader Xi Jinping to influence Putin not to use nuclear weapons against Ukraine. But build publication disagrees with such statements. Earlier, the leader of the SPD faction in the Bundestag, Rolf Muzenik, said that Ukraine and the rest of Europe should thank Schultz as his visit helped prevent a possible Russian nuclear strike on Ukraine on Putin's orders. However, build notes that its columnist Philip Piatov casts doubt on this and recalls that earlier, the U.S. media had written that in the autumn of 2022, the U.S. feared a nuclear strike by Russia against Ukraine. China was involved in preventing it. After Olaf Schultz's visit to Beijing, the Chinese authorities called for the non-use of nuclear weapons. As early as 2022, the American media wrote that Schultz's role in Beijing was minimal and that he only passed on information from Washington. In response to build's request, the chancellor's office quoted his words from November 2022 after a meeting with Xi Jinping. In Beijing, I asked President Xi to use his influence on Russia. On one hand, the Americans threatened the Russian Federation. On the other hand, and the chancellor was involved in this, we managed to get China and India to sign a declaration in which they spoke out against the use of nuclear weapons in general and in Ukraine in particular. Olaf Schultz certainly contributed to the change in China's position. But in any case, Schultz did not prevent a nuclear war, as there were no signs that a nuclear strike was imminent. Military expert Carlo Masala, a professor at the Bundeswehr University in Munich, told Build. Earlier, it was reported that if the Russian president believes that it is enough for him to just sit out this war and we will weaken our support, then he miscalculated. Also, German chancellor Olaf Schultz announced the creation of a long-range rocket artillery coalition for Ukraine, and the Bundestag reported that Schultz would eventually provide Ukraine with Taurus missiles.