But this is a thing that I thought of about a couple of years ago, having sat through one of two fairly disastrous sessions. I'd better introduce myself. I assume you have all read the instructions that's being produced by the EAA on how to give lectures. The answer is usually no, and which upsets me, because I was the main author of that, though a lot of other people contributed to it. But it's really after problems that we had early on in our conferences where people were standing up giving lectures in any language and half the audience walking out because they couldn't understand. We had to do something to decide quite how to start communicating with one another. And this session is really to look at where we've got now and how we can move on and start providing more help and ideas to increase the quality. So I have got two extremely experienced lecturers who I'm sure are going to give absolutely wonderful lectures, which will be, well, we'll see what happens. But anyway, that is the background to this session. And I thought I'd start off with a sort of nice quote, really, to be thinking about famous first lines of English novels. And the most famous one for archaeologists is, from the go-between, the past is a foreign country, I mean, just everybody says it. But I want to introduce a new one, a romantic novel from the 19th century, which sadly has not been turned into a television series or anything, but by R.D. Blackmore. And he simply starts off, if anyone would hear a simple tale, simply told. Then he goes on, I John Reid of the Parish of War. And he goes and starts going a bit into dialect. But anyway, I think that is really the message I want to get across. Keep it simple, keep it bold, and you'll understand it better yourself and hopefully your audience will as well. So our problem, we literally, as I said, started with Tower of Babel and there are really a lot of mutual incomprehension going on and different ideas of seniority and things like that. I think a lot of people were allowed to lecture, depended on their status rather than what they had to say. Great question then, what language should we use for a while if it was any language? And when people were suggesting it should only be English. And then my own particular idea, having heard an Italian lecture to a very mixed audience and to give a lecture which everybody understood even though he was doing Italian, it can be done, it doesn't have to be in English. It just has to be comprehensible to the audience and that is really the message one needs to get across. So we have a varied audience. We have people who speak and understand English fluently, people who understand some English but want to check that they really did understand and people who perhaps speak little or know English and we don't want to discourage people like that from coming to the EEAA. So what we're all doing is really a combination of the spoken, written word, although somebody reminded me yesterday that there's also the hands which are another form of lecturing. But the people we forget, when I did my original thing, somebody came in and said, what about dyslexics? There are certain forms of lecturing in which they can't read and I appreciate this more at the moment because poor vision though, I just look at this, it's a blur. I'm waiting for a cataract operation which hopefully I'll be able to start seeing again. But I'm also getting old and losing my hearing as well. So I'm one of the people who's beginning to suffer from people who are not really following rules and of course we are many nations, at least we hope we are many nations and we all have different backgrounds into the sort of English we are speaking. So we've got varied speakers. I think there are probably very few people who speak proper BBC or Oxford or Queens English or standard English. And mostly many native English speakers speak with a regional accent. I don't know how many people recognize but I have a regional accent. The English pick it up very quickly but a lot of the non-English speakers don't understand that I have this slight accent simply because I'm lucky my accent is fairly close to standard English. So on the whole people can understand me well but it's sometimes a little bit difficult to gently say to Scottish colleagues perhaps they don't understand Glaswegian particularly well and so we have to accept that we have problems whoever we are of communicating. We have a habit of using colloquial expressions and speaking too fast and too elaborately. Non-English speakers, most people have an accent of some sort and sometimes a very strong accent. No problem in that. We English are lucky that everybody comes and speaks our language and so thank you very much to anyone who is not a native English speaker but even with native English speakers one of the problems is that most, especially the younger generation perhaps haven't even learned a foreign language let alone stand up and give a lecture in another language. I belong to the generation where I had to go I can speak other languages and I remember my first attempt in German and at the end of it came to question time and virtually every question started if I understood you properly. And so one learns, one learns and so it's good to be lecturing in and listening to other languages it gives you an idea of the problems but as I said too many people who are not familiar with that. What we try to do is to write out the advice to presenters, the people who are chairing sessions, the people who are the speakers, the people who are producing posters. We're not too prescriptive what in fact variety is the spice of life. We don't say this is the way you have to do it. There are many good ways but there are also many bad ways but there are also many ways, very simple problems that can be sorted out very easily. And so things like proper names and names of people, the names of sites. This is not something that's always particularly easy to understand. I always let them shed a chair of it so nobody understands what it is until they see the picture of the head of a man with big moustache and so on and realize it comes from Bohemia. But my first big excavation was at a place called Russellbury. Can you spell it? You're one of my former students. They're two of them. I think I can. You can, but even the English people, either they can spell it and can't pronounce it or they can pronounce it but they can't spell it. So even within English we have these problems. And large numbers as well. When trying to write down a telephone number in French I write down all the numbers and then to try and work out what it means. So something like, you know, 1999 comes out with Milne de Sault. Oh, I forgot. But suddenly my friend, Catalan Deset, would be 1997. It's a good example of how just if you're writing on the screen and everybody can immediately understand what it is. But the session organizers should send out the advice to all presenters, all the participants, but many don't. I didn't, did I? But anyway, I knew you two knew. Stop anyway. But it's interesting going to the lecturers here and it's very obvious those who haven't read the instructions, you see the same old mistakes just turning up.  We've been doing these things for years. They know how to do it. They don't need advice from people like me. Oh, yes they do. They usually do the worst. But anyway, the basic thing is there is no point in attending the session if you don't understand what the speaker is saying or if the speaker is simply failing to communicate with the audience. And it was in Istanbul where I attended the session where just everything went wrong. Some of it was not the speaker's thoughts or some coming through the blinds so that you couldn't actually see some of the slides on the screen and things like that. But I was sitting next to a German lady and one of the organizers got up and started giving his lecture. And she switched off in about two minutes and she said afterwards, what did he say? Didn't understand his accent, spoke too fast, nothing on the screen to help me. And so even the organizer was making a mess of it. And I found out afterwards that nobody had seen or circulated the advice. The best lectures, the best presented ones were actually done by the youngest people. So anyway, what we're looking at now is how can we improve things? How can we try and dissuade everybody that they want to do? So the end of this session is trying to decide what we need to do. One thing one has to think about is how different presenting at an international conference is from what we normally do in lectures when we're speaking to people who speak our own language. Some of the things we've thought about provide feedback on sessions and presentations. I know I originally brought this up with Mark many years ago and said, well, there's some people who don't like being criticized in terms of experience and politics of the past. When you're coming from a country where there are problems about what you say, must perhaps find different ways to circulate the information. Try and send it out to every single member of the EAA and tell them to read it where we will get through to at least some people. And also perhaps you need to find out what training is actually available for people in work, in universities, etc. Can we find out what's going on through our teaching and training committee? And can we give advice to the trainers about what sort of things we need to see it? And I was just thinking of some of the organizations in Britain who might be able to take some of this on. I'm sure they're basis in other countries. But the Chartered Institute of the Old Archaeologists, I don't know what you're doing at the moment. Yeah, certain point taken there. Yeah, I'm telling you, if it helps, I mean, we have run courses on presentation, but they happen once. Yeah, twice. Yeah, it's not a permanent thing. Yeah, and we haven't used archaeologists. Yes, we use people who do presentation skills. So we hope after this session there will be something which you as archaeologists will be able to present. And well, our Higher Education Academy, our universities, again, they tend to be taught by people who are not archaeologists, and we have specific ways and specific problems. And we also just hope that everybody, anyone who's organizing a conference anywhere, will just steal our ideas. They're there, they're on the web, copy them, use them, adapt them. They're there for everybody to use. And so, as I said, we're looking at the possibility of doing preparing training videos, and hopefully this will turn into a session which we will be able to use. Well, that's me finished, probably not on time, but anyway. So, yes, Mark, come and give us a brilliant lecture, as you always do.


all right here we are again i hope you can see me basically let me turn on this other light too new mountain mount evans this is a front range mountain 14er i've never done it this is my first time and i've lived in colorado my entire life unfortunately you can drive to the top of this one this one in pike's peak you can drive to the top i don't really like that but i'm not driving i am running i'm not gonna go fast i'm just gonna since it's my first time i'm enjoy it learn the trail and i'm about 15 20 miles from graze peak which you all know i've done quite a few times this this summer so this is good prep putting another tool in the toolbox for 14er training next summer by learning the trail this summer maybe slightly less elevation gain than graze and it's over a longer stretch of mileage graze is six miles to the top i believe this one is eight and a half so an additional eight nine two and a half miles to the top so it should be an easier grade not as steep and let's give her a go i will film a little bit today um bring you along for the journey love you all it's beautiful out nice morning here at echo lake lodge um let's go and smell the aspen stop and smell the aspen we up here getting snowy i'm gonna call it i hate doing it i'm at uh 13 500 feet so about 500 feet short of the summit but basically this is a long one it's eight and a half miles to the top from the car and uh i just don't have the time is a bottom line and i'm a little underdressed you just saw the snow uh it's time to wear pants in a full hat and extra gloves as i go out into the mountains moving forward so there's a lesson learned it was just it's getting chilly and there's i am looking at snow all around so anyway i'm gonna call it but i'll show you the top of mount evans i'll be back who knows maybe before the uh season ends with snow but uh good run i just basically i ran out of time uh i just i gotta get back to work is the bottom line so here it is i'm gonna go back down love you all you know sometimes you meet your goals sometimes you don't that's okay not too shabby not too shabby uh that is a muscle building run it is not a speed run that's for sure a lot of roots a lot of rocks to jump up um so if you're thinking about running mount evans uh just keep in mind that you're probably not going to go crazy fast um although i will make an fkt attempt on it at some point but uh today was not the day didn't bring enough warm clothes and didn't quite realize i think because of the roots and the rocks uh it wasn't too i mean it was steep at times but not like it was a nice grade so you could go decent speed but it's uh you can't just run like graze or pike speak or what have you so all right i gotta get back to work down the mountain let's go remember i asked on monday uh what are you looking forward to most this week well did it happen that's today's question of the day all right making a full circle so i asked that on monday today's friday um did it come true what did you what were you looking most forward to


If you use the stream deck for live streaming, then you may be interested in these five plugins or rather plug-in actions that I find useful when I'm live streaming and actually in preparation to go live as well. So let's come and start with the first one, which is actually the Twitter plug-in. Now this is one of the Elgato ones which is built in. So you may have seen it, you may not, but it is, as I say, one of the sort of initial stock ones that they'll usually have built in. And it is just here over on the left-hand side, it will say Twitter. And the two options you've got are Tweet or Change Name. So you can actually change your Twitter handle using this, or you can send out a tweet. So it's as simple as that. You just drag and drop it onto one of the buttons. And then the options you've got here are you can enter your text for whatever you want to tweet out. And then you can also add an attachment if you want to tweet an image or something like that with it as well. And then here you'll see the account selection as well. Now it will have an add account if you've not actually gone through and added an account. But you can also see the accounts that you've got added if you come into your settings, then accounts. This is where you would go through beforehand. If you hadn't set this up yet, you could go through beforehand and add in your Twitch account, your Twitter account, and also your YouTube account. And we'll come to YouTube in a moment because that is one of the other ones that I want to talk about as well. But basically, yes, you can just go through and add in something that you want to tweet. So what might you want to use this for? Well, if I come back out of this folder for a second. So what I have is this is my sort of screen that I have usually when I'm either live streaming or recording. I also use it with the loop deck as well. I'll leave a link in the description to a video. I did all about how I use those two together, but don't want to get sidetracked too much in that right now. So what I also have though is if this is the screen that I have when I'm live, this second screen is actually one that I have when I'm sort of getting ready to go live. So getting things set up and so on. And one of the things that I've got on here is these two actions. One is saying live and one of them is live in one hour. And basically what that is is if I click on that, you'll see that the tweet says live now on YouTube. Come and say hi. And so the the link that I've got in there. This is another little tip for you is I have the link as www.youtube.com. Take one tech slash live. And if you just use that sort of format, but obviously replace it with your channel name, it will always take people through to your latest live stream. So it means that I can keep that one in there. Don't need to go and update the link every time I'm going to do a live stream. It will always just take people through to my latest so it works well for this particular application of tweeting out those links. Now whilst we're on this screen, sometimes when I am not live streaming, then I'll have music or things that I'm listening to and have them coming out through the speakers on my computer, my external speakers. Other times I will have it coming through my headphones and obviously when I'm live streaming, I want it to come through my headphones. So the next little one that I want to show you is this one here. I've got this icon up here, which is basically for me to switch between my headphones and my speakers. And that is this little plugin here called Toggle Audio Devices. In fact, it's called Audio Switcher. So if you want to go and grab this one, you'd need to go into the store. And so to get to the store, you would just come up to this little icon just up here, click on this one. And then if I switch over to this screen here, you'll see that it will take you through to this stream deck splash screen, the discover screen, come down to plugins and then you would just search for Audio Switcher. If I can spell it right. There we go. That's why it's not turning up. So then you find here Audio Switcher and you click on the install button and that would then install it. Now all it is, is if I come back to this screen now and let me come into this little demo folder that I created. What you'll find is that in this Audio Devices, so it's for the actual name of the plugin in here, actually slightly different to the way it appears in the store. So it's called Audio Switcher, but it appears here as Audio Devices. And you've got two things here. So one is Toggle Audio Device or one is Set Audio Device. So the toggle works for me because I'm only ever switching between two things. It's either going to be my earphones or it's going to be my external speakers. So all you do is you just drag this on to any button. And then what you'll see as it pops up is you've basically got a primary and a secondary device. And so what you can do here is just click the little down arrow and you'll just find a list of every device that you've got attached to your computer. So just as you were, you know, selecting an input or output source, an output source, I should say, on anything else, all of those will show up. So I've got my external headphones, Mac mini speakers, Rocaster Pro 2 chat, secondary and main and so on. So you just basically select what you want for your main and what you want for your secondary. And then with the icon, you can select the icon to be in two states. So it does default to these ones here. So this one here. And then if I click that, so when you switch states, it's going to sort of swap these around. And it's as simple as that really. And then when you press the button, it's going to toggle between them. If you want to actually just have a range of different ones. So maybe you've got lots of different things. Then here you can just have a the, you know, multiple instances of this set audio device and then choose which one you want to assign to each of them so that then you have multiple different buttons. But as I say, the simplicity of just a single toggle for me worked well. And the way that that is for me then, if I come back into this screen is just here. So I've got this one and it either shows my headphones or it switches and shows my speaker. So that is the second one that I wanted to talk about. The third one is I mentioned the YouTube login. I should say in settings. Well, that is so that we can use the YouTube plugin as well. So let's have a little look at what that does. If I just close Twitter, close this one, and then we have a look at YouTube. There's a couple of things it can do in here. So first of all, you can have the number of viewers displayed on the screen. So if I was live streaming now, it would actually show me how many viewers were on the live stream. But this one is the one that I find useful, this chat message. And what this enables you to do is actually write out a message in advance. And then when you press the button during your live stream, then it's going to actually place that message into the chat. So if there's things that you want to talk about like you want to post links or things like that, then you could just sort of create these in advance. And then as you're on the live stream, you can press those as you go through. Certainly if you don't have moderators that are posting those sort of things for you, then that can be useful. I also use this when I've got sort of ad hoc links that I want to post. And in fact, what I did was, as well as having this screen, which is for my live stream, and this one is for my preparation. I've also got this one, which is a load of sort of template buttons, if you like. And I had this one, which is basically a comment template. And all I did was I created a little background and so I can call these whatever I want. So if this is comment one, for example, I would call it something more meaningful. But you can see that I can now see exactly what that is in that box. And then I just literally copy and paste that into my main page. So you'll notice on my main page, I've got these comment templates down here. So I might have three or four of those, depending on what I'm talking about on the live stream and what I might want to just be able to post. So very useful to be able to do that, to be able to just, as I say, post these as you are going through your live stream. So once again, with YouTube, you would set that up in these settings, but you'll notice here as well, if you haven't gone in and logged in, then it will ask you though for the account that you want to use this with. And so you would just come and click on add new, and that would be the way that you would change it from your existing one, or if you hadn't got one added in, that would be the way that you could add it in to begin with. Incidentally, you can only have one YouTube account linked at any given time. And the linking process is the standard thing of giving something access to your YouTube account. You'll click that button. It will open up the YouTube. You'll log in with your YouTube ID, and then I've just approved the access for Stream Deck to have access to that. Incidentally, if you are interested in the icon packs that you can see here, or the icons that I've got here, I do have a range of icon packs that are available on my store. So if you go to takeonetech.io.store, as well as my Ecamm Live Masterclass and Zoom Masterclass, if you scroll down a little bit, you'll also find the icon packs that I've got available. I do tend to make all of my icons. I'll leave a link to the video that I made about how to actually make these as well, because I actually do them all in Keynote. I find it's very easy to make quick icons in there. So I'll leave a link to that video in the description as well. So the next one, though, is let's just go back to the page of my Stream Deck where I'm preparing for a live stream, because you'll notice up here, maybe you haven't noticed, but you will notice up here that I've got a clock, and it's basically hours, minutes, and seconds. The reason for this is I do have a clock right above my desk, but it doesn't have seconds on it, actually, and I like to have the sort of countdown to see how long it is before the stream starts. Although, I've got to say, I've been getting a little bit lax at starting on time because I got too busy chatting in the back chat with the Discord and the backstage pass members of the channel. But anyway, I have got this here, nevertheless, and this is using a nice little clock plug-in, which is called Clockworks by Krabbs, K-R-A-B-S. And it appears in the sidebar here as Krabbs-Clockworks, but the name of it is Clockworks. So that's what you would search for in the store there. So if I just come back over to the demo area or demo screen that I've created, then this has got really quite a lot of different ways that you can display date and time on your device. So this is the plug-in. These are all the different actions. And you've basically got either large, medium, or small numbering. And then you've also got the time and date. So that's what all these different things are. So it all starts to make sense. You've got a large clock, a 12-hour, digit 1 and 2. So these would be the hours and then the 1st and 2nd digits. So you can actually give those, like, basically, a slot of their own as I drag them on. So at the moment it is 3 p.m. where I am. So there's nothing in that one. There's 3 there. And then if I go on to 24-hour, I could have 24-hour clock. I'll just drag that underneath. So 24-hour clock, we're at 15. Then let's look at the minutes. So we've got the minutes here, digit 1, digit 2. So it's just basically building up a clock. And then you can also add in the seconds as individual tiles, if you will, buttons, should I say, for the clock. So there it is, 3, 21, 58. I prefer it to have it a little bit more condensed. So rather than having each button, each number on its own button, what you can actually do is come down a little bit further and you can see we've got these 2-digit options. So here we've got the 24-hour and the 24-hour minutes and the 24-hour seconds. So that's the one that I was using before. So let me just get rid of these a second. What you can also do, though, is you can see that they've got these separators.  I can kind of figure it out without those personally. But they've also got date as well. So if you do want to display the date and time on here, then they've got the month number, month name. So we could stick the month name on. They've also got the day name as well. So let's put the day there. And then they've got the day number. So Thursday, the 11th of August and then the year. And you can do either first 2-digits and last 2-digits like this, or you can actually do the year as just one single tile. Once you've actually got these on, though, then you can actually go through and change some things on it. So you'll notice down here, if I just make this a little bit smaller, you can give it a title, but then you can change the font on the text. You can also change whether it's bold. You can give it a drop shadow. You can change the color of the text. That will pull up the little color picker. So we could make that a different color like that. And then you can also come through and add an image in the background if you want, or you can just give it a flat background color as well. So that's how you can sort of modify that. So what I did was, because I'm like this, I did go ahead and create a little background to it. So I've got this nice little clock looking thing up here with these borders on it. So that's just helped me when I'm doing a live stream to before it's starting, just to make sure that I am actually starting on time, or at least that is the theory behind it. Now, the next one that I've got is, I suppose, related to a video that I did recently, which was all about my stream deck pedal and how I use my stream deck pedal with lots of different profiles on it, and then I use my main stream deck here to actually switch between them. And so I've got this little button here, which is the one that I use for switching profiles. I click on that. It takes me through to this other profile, and I can choose which profile I want to have on my pedal. So that's great, but sometimes I just want to check which profile I'm in because there's no visible way to see that, obviously on the pedals themselves. There's no icons displayed on the pedals. Well, there is actually a function which appears in the stream deck plugin. So this is not a new plugin. You'll all have this one, obviously, because it is just the stream deck plugin, but it's this one, and it's called Action Bar. If you have got a stream deck pedal and you've started using that with the stream deck, the regular stream deck, then this one will now appear, and it's called, as I say, Action Bar. And all it does is, if I just move this one out of the way a little bit, when you click on the Action Bar pedal, sorry, the Action Bar action, what it does is it pops up this little graphical representation on the screen of the stream deck pedal, and it shows you what is on each pedal. So it's really handy, and this is a toggle, basically. So it's really handy just to be able to press that and toggle on and off this. So when I'm getting set up for my live stream, just before I go live, I want to make sure that I haven't got some completely different random profile selected on my pedals, and I'm going to be doing all sorts of things I didn't mean to. And so I just come here, I just press this button, and then I can see what those pedals are. It's also good if you are trying out different profiles or different actions on your pedals. You've just got some new setup that you're using, and so you want to have this one permanently on the screen. It's just kind of free-floating. It does stay on top of everything as well, and it's pretty small. So you could just have it sort of tucked away in the corner of the screen, just so that if you wanted that little reminder of what is on the pedal, then you'd be able to just easily jump into it. Now, as I say, this was something that I covered in a video. There's multiple profiles all about how I use these multiple profiles with the Stream Deck pedal, and I'll leave a link to that video over on the right-hand side.


The forum ended up being robot. The early 2000s brought with it a new generation of console gaming, the PlayStation 2. It was with this console that many classic games were born, from Grand Theft Auto 2 Final Fantasy. However among these titles there was one, an RPG game, that seemed to have vanished without a trace. The game was rumored to be developed by a small studio known as Grendel Games, and players who got their hands on a copy would often tell of its intense almost grotesque graphics. It was said that the monsters were far more realistic than the genre had ever seen before, and often appeared so real, so lifelike, that some players refused to go any further. The name of the game was rumored to be Fallen, which was, again, rumored to be released back in 2002, specifically October 20th of the same year, how fitting. It was also said that during the 2003, someone found an old rusted built warehouse containing Fallen as its booth. That detail seems to confuse people even more about its release and the game itself. The most disturbing thing about the game was its plot. It told the story of a small town that was overrun by a powerful group of monsters, and the players had to try and save the citizens from the creature's clutches, something made all the more difficult due to the intense war. Players were said to be appalled at the lengths the game went to in order to depict the carnage and were even further disturbed by the lack of a clear solution to the problems presented throughout the game. Unfortunately, despite its great potential, the game never saw a release. It was speculated that Grendel Games ran into trouble with the ratings board and the game was pulled from the shelves before it ever hit them. As the years passed, its memory eventually faded and it was all but forgotten, until now. It was rumored that not only eBay listings were shown during 2002 to 2006 but there were leaked screenshots. However, the screenshots were later defunct as nightmare creatures' screenshots, mostly the PC version and the eBay listings and the sellers themselves were later banned. Grendel Games tried to make a resurrection and made a web browser MMORPG game called Fallen Returns, released with another company named Black Residue Games and released in 2007. That was unfortunately lost in time and then later deleted. Then, if things couldn't get even confusing and just one last dosage of confusion during 2003's E3 later that year, it was said someone secretly questioned someone from PlayStation on what happened to Grendel Games and if Fallen was to return. The person was a worker named Chas Pennington, who worked on the hardware on the PlayStation and the PlayStation 2. Chas reportedly said that Fallen was to never return because when it was released, PlayStation accordingly lost almost $200 million in just over a week alone. It may not sound like much, but back then, PlayStation were at the end of the rope when it came to releasing games, even acquiring movie licensing companies like Disney, Paramount Pictures, Dreamworks and Nickelodeon didn't help pick themselves back up until franchises like Jack and Daxter, Ratchet and Clank and Sly Cooper eventually helped them up. To this day, only the promotional box art from E3 was the only thing that surfaced. The rest are unfortunately lost in time.


Good evening everyone and welcome. This is Melissa Armel of stockswush.com. I just wanted to do a very quick video It's 7 o'clock Eastern time. It is way past my bedtime as You know Someone mentioned this in the room today Hold on. Let me just see where we closed. We actually closed at 3129 All right, hold on. I'm too tired to rate this right now, but I will in the morning because I like this gap Here's where we closed on the day on the Tuesday of the 27th. Wow, October 27th That's crazy Halloween is Saturday. Where is the year gone in two months? It's gonna be Christmas Do you know that I am getting Christmas catalogs in the mail to buy Christmas stuff? It's it's nothing sacred No, all right, hold on. Let's look at this 3129 All right, so I'm not gonna rate this gap till tomorrow morning, but I actually like the gap I actually think this is a short this right now at this moment Could go either way because it's so far away from tomorrow morning at 9 30. It's not even funny It's actually 14 hours and a half So I don't know if we actually open tomorrow at 27 32 if we do I love it if it looks different This is This is right on the cusp because I don't know what it's gonna do tomorrow morning in the morning It could get better or worse This is the benefit of trading with me live in the room because you could see a gap at night And you don't know what to do with it It could look amazing Which this does right now, but the at the end of the day There's no there's no way this looks the same tomorrow morning. I can tell you right now this this Stock tomorrow morning before the actual open of the market of the day in the pre-market will have enough shares that it would actually be Trading like a live stock, but I don't know where it is and That I can tell you because this is a big name stock. It's a market stock. It's Twitter. Is anyone not on Twitter Listen, I'm about to talk to my parents if I get any in Twitter If my parents would get on Twitter and probably talk to them more It's it's a new age. It's the millennial age and you've got to be on social media Are you gonna be ousted before you're even in so at the end of the day? You've got to be on Twitter You have to be on these things and Twitter is is gapping town I'm not I'm not denying it, but Twitter's still a very popular company But for tomorrow for the gap for the day trade. I'm gonna be getting up in the morning You're rating the gap on Twitter is a short I don't know if it's gonna be good or bad or nothing until I get up and normally I would say Fine go for it, but this is such a heavily traded stock that this stock tomorrow morning could look 100% different than it does right now better or worse But right now at this moment in live time at 7 o'clock 8 p.m. Eastern time This is a great gap. So we'll see what it does tomorrow morning Good luck everyone if you're in the live trading room or requested a trial You're gonna get the call Whether I do it or not And you'll get the best gap in the morning for sure because my name is Melissa Armo and the company I own is called the stock swish if you're interested in a trial of the live trading room email me and Melissa at the Stockswish comm if you'd like more information on the next golden gap class to learn how to rate gaps for the 26 point rating system Email me and Melissa the stocks wish comm the next class is November 7th and 8th Good luck everyone to see what happens with Twitter and in an ideal world. I really feel like the market is Gonna dump something into my lap tomorrow morning. That's good I kind of said that earlier today and this might be the one But I'm open to the possibility of it being something better or this Have a great day everyone


We were on this slide where we looked at the, compared the equation of first law for the closed system and open system and before that we have looked at the much simpler equation of conservation of mass and if you have looked at the comparison you will notice that the interaction terms remain the same or more or less the same and terms pertaining to mass inflow and mass outflow they get involved on the right hand side. So if we do this in an analogous manner what shall we get for the second law? The second law quite often known as the entropy principle for a closed system in terms of I have written in terms of the entropy generation term S dot P that means I have just taken the equation delta S equals dQ by T or integral dQ by T plus S P differentiated that in differential form and we get dS of the system by dt or d by dt of the entropy of the system is summation of Q by T. I have written summation of Q by T just for simplicity this could be summation if there are different Q dots at different T's. If as Q dot takes place the temperature changes you will have to have a dQ dot by T integration and in a most general case is summation of an integration I think you will be able to take care of that plus S dot P. Actually this the equation on the left hand side here is the definition of S dot P the second law actually dictates that S dot P is greater than or equal to 0. Now I think I forgot to mention yesterday for some reason it is my habit to write greater than or equal to or less than or equal to by two symbols stacked over each other and not the mathematical symbol where greater than or equal to is a greater than sign with the lower arm doubled up and less than or equal to is a less than sign with the lower arm doubled up that is okay but I prefer this nomenclature for the simple reason that it tells us that it can be greater than 0 or it can be equal to 0 and the equal to 0 has a spatial connotation that means it is the reversible limit and that is why I would like at least I would like to continue using this nomenclature but I do not insist that others this nomenclature although I would prefer this nomenclature to be used while doing word processing in latech I have to create such a symbol because if you write greater than or equal to it will use the standard mathematical greater than or equal to okay. Going back to our second law now if you convert this from closed system to open system what is going to happen I think you would have guessed that the system here will be replaced by control volume these two terms will not change but you will have a term which would be m.i si minus m.e si added on to the right hand side so notice that as in the earlier two equations conservation of mass and conservation of energy we have two appropriate terms added on the right hand side on the left hand side the subscript system has been replaced by control volume otherwise nothing else had changed I recommend that you spend time on this so that you appreciate the similarity and the small specific differences which exist between the two this is necessary because later on when we consider more complex systems where along with a fluid various components flow in okay different chemical species as for example in case of psychrometry along with air moisture flows in and moisture flows out we can write a an equation for conservation of moisture or tomorrow you have some other property suppose hydrogen and oxygen go in you can write an equation for conservation of hydrogen and you can write an equation for conservation of oxygen and there everywhere on the left hand side you will have a rate of change term on the right hand side you will have the inflow and outflow terms and on the right hand side you will have some other terms which in general are known as the source and sink terms so that is why I referred to show this to you by analogy if you do not believe analogy is proper convince yourself that this is the true derivation by going back to our control volume and deriving this expression from first principle now so far we have considered our open system to behave in a more or less general way we will say let the state of the system change with time on the left hand side for the mass conservation equation we have dm Cv by dt we have d e Cv by dt on the left hand side of the energy equation and we have d s Cv by dt for the second law that is the entropy equation quite often we find that our equipment works in so called steady state a steady state is one in which things do not generally vary with time that means the interaction u dot w dot s m dot i and m dot e are constant constant means invariant with time and not only that the state of the system does not change with time so the mass of control volume does not change with time energy of the control volume does not change with time and even the entropy of the control volume does not change with time thus such a situation is known as a steady state it is a common fault or common not uncommon trap to assume that a steady state only means these three steady state does not mean just these three derivatives to be 0 it also means that q dot w dot s m dot i and m dot e are constant and invariable in time at least over a given period of time may not be indefinitely now in a steady state what happens let substitute what we have decided to define the steady state that these are invariable with time but we do not have the derivatives of this so the expressions do not change but these are put to 0 so we put our left hand side to 0 and for convenience we will transpose some terms from the right hand side to the left hand side or flip the equation so the conservation of mass becomes m dot i equals m dot e and if you have one inlet and one exit both are equal and we use a common symbol m dot for them and we call this not as mass inflow and mass outflow but the mass flow rate through the system the flow of mass through the system enters as well as leaves the first law becomes q dot minus w dot s this term is brought to the left hand side on the right hand side we have m dot into h e plus v square by 2 plus g z e that is the exit velocity exit term the inflow term is m dot into h i plus v i square by 2 plus g z i and since now m dot e equals m dot i and is replaced by m dot it is common to combine terms like this we write it as m dot into h e minus h i plus v square by 2 plus v square by 2 minus v i square by 2 plus g z e minus z i and again it is common to write this h e minus h i as delta h the increase in enthalpy from inlet to exit delta e k this is the change in enthalpy from inlet to exit so delta e k is the change in kinetic energy from inlet to exit and delta e p is the change in gravitational potential energy from inlet to exit the second law becomes m dot into h e minus h i is sigma of that q by t term plus s dot p with the second law dictating that s dot p is greater than or equal to 0 and here you should notice that there are three term and you can play with these three terms the way we have played with delta s dq by t or ds dq by t and dsp so if q dot by t is 0 we will say that our control volume is adiabatic if s dot p is 0 we will say that the processes of flow and thermodynamics involved with the control volume are reversible and m dot into h e minus s i means the inlet if this is 0 the inlet and exit states are isentropic we do not know about the process inside we have not looked at it but we will say that the inlet and exit states are isentropic and that means that you can have the inlet and exit isentropic but you can have this positive this negative so you need not have an adiabatic system you need not have reversible situation similarly you can have inlet and exit states isentropic but you can have adiabatic control volume but that need not lead to isentropic inlet and exit states because you could have s e greater than s i and s dot p greater than 0 that also means that if you have an adiabatic open system with one inlet and one exit the exit entropy has to be higher than or at most equal to the inlet entropy and in the similar fashion a an open system in which all reversible processes are taking place need not be a situation where inlet and exit states are isentropic you could have s e greater than or less than s i depending on the appropriate values of q dot as dictated by q dot by t so this is a small exercise of thinking and discussion which I will leave to yourself and since most of our situations in practice or a large number are steady state situations we will use these equations very often. Now as teachers we make a mistake that we consider that the steady state situations are very very common and tend to neglect unsteady state situations that is not true unsteady state situations are also common in fact most of the processing is unsteady the steady state situation is only an approximation which is true in a few cases. Now we will use simplified forms for special cases why do we need those simplified forms because not all terms in the equations which we have derived are often significant and we also need to make suitable assumptions quite often of course whenever we make these assumptions we better be realistic and we check whether these assumptions are valid and we will now look at some typical classes of devices and look at the default assumptions and the simplified forms that these lead us to simplified forms of the first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics for open systems. First we look at heat transfer devices the so called heat transfer devices such as boilers, condensers, heaters, coolers, heat exchangers. The purpose of this is to absorb or reject heat and one consequence is the any fluid stream which goes through such heat transfer device will have a significant delta H either positive or negative. In case of say boilers, heaters delta H is likely to be significantly positive for coolers and condensers delta H is generally significantly negative. For heat exchangers there are usually two streams sometimes more and when there are two streams one stream will have a significantly positive delta H another stream will have a significantly negative delta H. A typical thing is for such things there is no W dot S or hardly any W dot S. A boiler may have a small pump or circulator somewhere inside but the interaction is negligible compared to other term. Although I may say no W dot S well you may have a boiler with a W dot S either take care of it or assume and demonstrate that the value of W dot S is negligible compared to other terms. So our symbolism reduces a heat transfer device in steady state to something like this. M dot is the mass flow through it inlet and exit are the states I and E q dot is absorbed and W dot S is 0. Not only that we find that q dot and delta H are significant and quite often usually delta E k and delta E p are pretty small negligible. So if no information is provided or no assumptions or no information is provided or no assumptions or no information is provided or we cannot compute these it is quite often convenient to assume these to be 0 delta E k and delta E p. You should also note that for many of these devices delta p from inlet to exit is also pretty small. The first law in this case reduces to this simple equation q dot is M dot into H E minus H I. There is no special simplification for the second law. We now come to work transfer devices. These are of more interest because of the work transfer interaction and the second law coming into play very significantly. Work transfer devices are turbines, compressors, pumps, fans, blowers, etcetera. Very common devices. The purpose in these devices is to have significant power transfer. All these are consumers or producers of significant power and significant delta H. Turbines as we know are producers of power, turbines including wind turbines and hydro turbines, compressors, pumps, fans, blowers are consumers of power. And for all of these the delta H of the stream is significant. For turbines the delta H of the fluid flowing is significantly negative number. For compressors, pumps, fans and blowers it is a positive number. These things are not heat transfer devices. In fact heat transfer quite often creates problems or reduces efficiency of these devices and hence if they work at very high or very low temperature they are well insulated. So the heat transfer rate between the system and the surroundings is negligible and the adiabatic of assumption is often valid and is one of the default assumptions made. For these devices we have some standard symbols which are often used. For a turbine we have a channel with increasing area from left to right. For a compressors we have a channel with a decreasing area from left to right and for a pump we often have a circle with an arrow showing the rate of the direction of increase of pressure from inlet to exit. Of course for pumps there are other symbols used. For example sometimes the exit will be shown as a tangent to the circle with inlet going right up to the center of the circle. That symbol is quite often used for a centrifugal pump. Similarly a symbol with a rectangle with a piston at the bottom showing inlet and exit both at the top is sometimes used for a reciprocating pump. But those are technical details used in appropriate industry and there may be some industry standards for these. But for our course in thermodynamics something like a rectangle for a heat transfer device and these three symbols for work transfer devices are good enough. Now such devices as I have said are usually adiabatic. W dot S and delta H are the most significant terms. Again quite often the changes in kinetic energy and potential energy are small can be assumed negligible. Once you remember that for these devices most of these devices except perhaps for fans the delta P is significant from inlet to exit. Significant rise in pressure or significant drop in pressure. So the first law is reduced to with these assumptions W dot S is m dot into H i minus H e. Similar to the work transfer law but here on the right hand side H i and H e come in different order. That is because we have two different signs for Q and W on the right hand side of the first law. The second law becomes m dot into H e minus H i which represents the rate at which entropy is produced S dot P. This should be greater than or equal to 0. And that automatically means that under default assumptions these pieces of equipment will have their entropy exit entropy higher than or in the limiting case equal to the inlet entropy. And then it is very important for us to take care of this whenever we consider work transfer devices as open systems. And it will be very useful for us to look at the enthalpy entropy diagrams for such systems. Now that brings us to the importance of enthalpy entropy diagrams. Why are they important because notice go back to the previous slide. Enthalpy difference dictates the work transfer or power output. The entropy difference tells us how reversible or how near to the reversible limit it is. And it is for this difference with these reasons that the significance of the entropy enthalpy entropy or the molier diagram was realized decades ago may be a century ago. In fact that diagram was developed even before a complete and full understanding of the principles of thermodynamics. So that is another illustration which tells us that industry goes ahead whether science explains all the phenomena properly or not. So let us look at the H s diagram of adiabatic work transfer devices. Since we have devices in which enthalpy can write significantly or enthalpy can drop significantly we have to look at these two diagrams in two different ways. On the left hand side here I have a enthalpy entropy diagram for a typical compressor. And on the right hand side I have an enthalpy entropy diagram for a typical turbine. And in all these cases it is assumed that we have a steady state delta E k delta E p are negligible and the equipment is adiabatic. Now here you will notice that the inlet state i and the exit state e are such that S e is greater than S i. The limiting case will be e star where the exit pressure will be maintained but the exit entropy would be equal to the inlet entropy. It is traditional to show the ideal line by means of a continuous line this is the isentropic line. But the actual process being irreversible it is shown by a dotted line. Actually there is no reason for us to even show this continuously because we do not know what the intermediate states are but we could simply join i and e by means of another dotted line. But tradition says join this by a continuous line join this by a dotted line. Similarly for a turbine this is the inlet the actual exit will be generally at a entropy higher than the inlet entropy. But there is an ideal exit state indicated by e star which will be at the same entropy as inlet. And again by tradition and convention we for e and e star the exit pressure maintained both for the compressor as well as the turbine. And now one thing you should remember that whether it is compressor or whether it is turbine the state e lies at higher entropy compared to state e star or state i whether it is a compressor or a turbine entropy of e is higher than entropy of e star which equals the entropy of i. And the enthalpy of e is always higher than the enthalpy of e star whether it is a compressor or a turbine enthalpy of e is higher than enthalpy of e star. Now based on these diagrams for adiabatic turbine and adiabatic compressor we have some definition which are very common in theory of thermodynamic and its application. So first let us look at an adiabatic turbine and its H s diagram. A turbine is one in which the enthalpy of the fluid is reduced significantly from H i to H e. There is not no significance in delta e k and delta e p and this reduction in enthalpy is used for producing power which is delivered to the outside world. The exit pressure is below the inlet pressure significantly. Now notice this entropy of a star is entropy at i but entropy at s e is higher than entropy at s e star. Also enthalpy at h e is greater than the enthalpy at h e star. Now subtract this inequality from h i since we are subtracting the inequality will change direction h i minus h e h i minus h e this one the real enthalpy drop will be less than or equal to the ideal enthalpy drop h i minus h e star. And w dot s which is m dot into h i minus h e would be less than w dot s star which is the power output under the conditions of isentropic inlet and exit states. Both will be positive numbers and we define the isentropic efficiency of the turbine to be the actual power output of the turbine divided by the ideal power output of the turbine. The ideal power output of the turbine is defined as the one in which the entropy of the exit state would equal the entropy of the inlet state at unchanged exit pressure. And one should remember that this isentropic efficiency of the turbine is defined and is define able only for an adiabatic turbine. If it is not adiabatic then this relation is not valid this relation is not valid and hence the further derivations are on weak foundation. In a similar fashion let us look at an adiabatic compressor and its H s diagram. All that has happened is p i and p e have shifted their locations. Now p i is lower than p e, p e is higher than p i, otherwise the other relations are still applicable. S e star is still equal to S i and S e is still higher than S e star and hence h e is still higher than h e star. Now what we do is subtract from this inequality h e greater than or equal to h e star h i. So the actual enthalpy rise is higher than the ideal enthalpy rise. Now remember that w dot s is m dot into h i minus h e. So we will get w dot s to be less than or equal to w dot s star but both are equal to negative and since both are negative in magnitude w dot s star will be lower than w dot s. It is like w dot s being something like minus 15 kilowatt whereas w dot s star being minus 10 kilowatt. So both are negative but minus 15 is algebraically less than minus 10. So in magnitude w dot s star will be lower than w dot s and hence we define the isentropic efficiency of the compressor in a slightly different way compared to the definition of the isentropic efficiency of a turbine. For a turbine it is w dot s divided by w dot s star. Both in case of turbine both w dot s and w dot s star are positive numbers. In case of turbine in case of a compressor both w dot s and w dot s star are negative numbers and the isentropic efficiency of the compressor is defined as w dot s star divided by w dot s and this difference should be noted and it is defined like this for no particular reason except that psychologically we are tuned to the fact or tuned to the belief that efficiency should be a number always less than or equal to 1 but that does not mean that we force all efficiencies to be less than 1. All of us are mechanical engineers and we know that welding is a very popular and very useful metal joining process and the efficiency of weld is defined in such a way that quite often the efficiency of a weldment turns out to be greater than 1 and when it turns out to be greater than 1 the user of that equipment is happy because there is no deterioration in its performance. There are no additional limits on its performance. Let us go further. There are some other adiabatic devices and one of the most important adiabatic device that we will come across is the nozzle. The nozzle is not a work transfer device. The nozzle is not a heat transfer device. Nozzles and diffusers are unique in their own way. For a nozzle which is a very common component in steam turbines, the purpose is to reduce enthalpy but increase velocity. A typical symbol for the nozzle is a converging long duct sometimes shown as converging diverging with just inlet and exit and the exit velocity is shown because that is the important outlet parameter that we need. Typically for a nozzle the exit pressure is significantly below the inlet pressure. The exit enthalpy is significantly below the inlet enthalpy. So these two characteristics the nozzle shares with a typical turbine. Exit pressure lower than inlet pressure exit enthalpy lower than inlet enthalpy. But the difference is we are producing no power. Our job is to see to it that our exit velocity is large and is definitely significantly higher than the inlet velocity. There is no attempt to extract power so W dot S is 0 and we try to maintain no heat transfer. So a nozzle, a proper nozzle is a good adiabatic device and because it is adiabatic and because pressure reduces the H S diagram, the enthalpy, entropy or molier diagram for a nozzle is similar to that of the turbine. So let us look at the H S diagram of a typical adiabatic nozzle. Notice that if we apply first law in steady state all terms will vanish and if we neglect the delta E p only delta H and delta E k terms will remain and first law will reduce to H E plus V E squared by 2 is H i plus V i squared by 2. Because it is adiabatic the ideal situation would be an exit state of E star at a lower enthalpy and lower entropy than the actual exit state E. Suppose I were to have an ideal nozzle which is adiabatic and with reversible and reversible and inlet entropy equal to exit entropy then the first law will reduce to H E star plus V E star squared by 2 is H i plus V i squared by 2. Now since H E star is less than H E, V E star for the ideal nozzle would be higher than the V E which is the exit velocity of the actual nozzle and hence we define the isentropic efficiency of nozzle as the actual specific kinetic energy at the exit of the nozzle. Divided by the ideal the kinetic energy at the exit under the ideal situation isentropic situation and which generally will be less than 1 in the limit it will be equal to 1. Notice that the isentropic efficiency of the nozzle is defined not in terms of velocity but in terms of kinetic energy because when it comes to efficiencies of turbines and nozzles turbine compressors and nozzles the efficiency is expected to be a ratio of entities like work or energy or power that is why we do not use the ratio of velocity. However in actual turbine theory the ratio of velocity is also used as a parameter and that is quite often known as the velocity coefficient of the nozzle. In thermodynamics we do not have to talk about velocity coefficient. Finally let us look at a very special case that of an adiabatic duct. Let us say that I have a control volume shown by dotted line just for the sake of it and a long pipe or duct flows through it and this is adiabatic so as the fluid flows from the inlet I to the exit E there is no heat transfer and since it is a simple duct I have made no attempt to extract or provide any power W dot S is also 0. There may be some flow work which will be there if something is flowing we do not worry about it. In this case the first law will reduce to in short symbols delta H plus delta E K plus delta E P is 0 or separating inlet keeping inlet terms on one side and exit terms on other side we will get H i plus V i square by 2 plus G z i equals H e plus V square by 2 plus G z e and if the state at inlet and exit such that the inlet specific energy specific internal energy equals the exit specific internal energy then this reduces to P i V i which I write as P i divided by rho i plus V i square by 2 plus G z i is P e by rho e plus V square by 2 plus G z e which all of us will realize is the Bernoulli equation. Now a question here traditionally the Bernoulli derived in fluid dynamics in fact thermodynamics does not claim to own the Bernoulli equation it is the science of fluid dynamics which claims to own the Bernoulli equation and in fluid dynamic the standard way of deriving the Bernoulli equation is to consider a stream tube or a stream line in the limit up to apply the conservation of momentum to a slice in the stream tube is known as the Euler equation and then integrate the Euler equation along conservation of momentum not looked at the conservation of momentum. We have looked at only conservation of energy and this is now a representation of conservation of energy. If you have studied fluid dynamics ask your this question or if you consider not an expert in fluid dynamics then get hold of a colleague or a friend who is an expert in fluid dynamics explain this situation to him and you yours or you two together should discuss this matter that whether Bernoulli equation really represents conservation of energy or does it represent conservation of momentum or does it represent two different things and only the end result seems to be similar if so why we will not discuss this particular aspect any further because that would mean encroaching on the domain of fluid dynamics bias which we will not do that encroachment is allowed only during a study of compressible fluid flow which you will do with Professor Balchandra Puranic on Monday and Tuesday. So at the end of this I have latched on to 1, 2, 5, 7, HCTM Technical Campus, Kaital, Haryana over to you. Yesterday you were talking about the entropy as the entropy is always increasing so what was the limit of increasing entropy in the universe? This is a typical question entropy increases but entropy increases only in an adiabatic system and the other issue which we generally come across is the confusion over the term universe. Universe in thermodynamics means any suitable adiabatic system the universe in thermodynamics has nothing to do with our actual physical universe and because of that although thermodynamics tells us that the entropy of an adiabatic system always increases at least today in these days we do not really have to worry about the rise in entropy of the universe because the physical universe is not really model able today as a thermodynamic universe we are not sure whether it is adiabatic system at all over to you. In the thermodynamic nations there is a availability, will it touch it or not in thermodynamics? Yes, we will be discussing terms like availability and exergy beginning Venice day in topic 12 which is called combined first and second laws. I have devoted one full day typically for three fourths of a day to that discussion. What is the difference between a classical thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics? Can you throw some light on it sir? See by classical thermodynamics we mean the following if you see the history of thermodynamics thermodynamics was developed in two or three different streams. One was the thermodynamics which was developed by engineers for the thermodynamics the developed was technology development by engineers for water wheel steam turbines wind turbines boilers and all that without even understanding what they are doing that was one development of thermodynamics where people handled fluids like air water various gases. Then physicist and chemist started working on materials in their lab and they developed thermodynamics in their own ways. They realized that you know Dalton's law of partial pressures and various laws of physical chemistry made us realize that material is made up of atoms and molecules and everything is a collection of these. When thermodynamics was formalized it was realized that there are some very general principles of thermodynamics for which we need consider our material to be only a continuum and based on observations on the behavior of continuum we will be able to derive our laws of thermodynamics. That today is known as classical thermodynamics whereas the modern thermodynamics considers the fact that each and everything is made up of atoms and molecules and these atoms and molecules will behave like either point particles or extended particles or minute rigid bodies they will interact by collision, electron, magnetic forces. But then to keep track of these we need to handle a very large number of pieces of information. For example you know that even if you take just one mole of a fluid it will have the Avogadro number of molecules N A. So each molecule even if you consider it to be a particle it will have three positions point particle. So that means 3 into Avogadro number of positions all changing with respect to time. So you will have to write ordinary differential equations, a set of ordinary differential equations the order of that set will be 3 into Avogadro number. Now imagine solving these in time when we know that on an average their average momentum is going to be the same, average energy is going to be the same. So we do averaging and we end up with kinetic theory and statistical thermodynamics. When we are in engineering particularly in mechanical engineering we find that a vast majority of our applications do not need us to look at all these details. Hence we work with classical thermodynamics and naturally if we work with classical thermodynamics our aim is to remain in the classical domain to the extent possible. So even for situations where we have reactions or we have pictures we will try to extend our classical domain to the extent possible. And today we have a situation in our understanding it is so neat that even reacting things boilers, turbines, turbines do not react but we have mixture there. All these things can be handled by minor modifications to the classical theory of thermodynamics. I hope this explains it. Over to you. Sir I have a doubt regarding the refrigeration system. In the refrigeration system how about increasing the number of blowers in the freezer? What would be the impact if you know increase the number of blowers in the freezer? Will it affect the efficiency of the freezer sir? It is a question which is on the borderline of thermodynamics and heat transfer. We know that the evaporator which is at the heart of the freezer absorbs heat from the whatever is the material surrounding it. We want good heat transfer between the freezing chest or the frozen material and the evaporator so that the material is kept cool. It does not get heated up because of heat gain from outside. So we want good heat transfer and for this we provide a blower or a fan. Now the fan provides increases the heat transfer coefficient. So reduces the temperature drop or temperature difference between the cold space and the evaporator. Now this increases the evaporator temperature and hence it increases the coefficient of performance of the refrigeration cycle. But the blower requires a power to be consumed. So now the question that arises is that if I do not have a blower I do not consume blower power but my evaporator temperature goes down and hence my COP decreases and hence the refrigerator power goes up. If I use a blower refrigerator power goes down but the blower power goes up. The answer to this is not unique. It depends on the situation at hand and you will have to do the calculations in detail of the two situations considering the characteristic of your refrigeration system as well as the characteristic of the blower and then decide whether to have a blower or not and if you have a blower what should be its capacity, power consumption, flow rate and all that. Over to you.


Hello, this is Patrick Dills, and this work focuses on a parallel hybrid actuator we've been working on in our lab. We developed a model of our actuator, which we analyzed from the viewpoints of passivity and uncoupled asymptotic stability. Brake stiffness and filtered feedback allowed the hybrid actuator to render an increased virtual stiffness as compared to active only actuators. However, low bandwidth filtered feedback and large time delays present limitations on the output impedance. We experimentally validated our approach with a single degree of freedom haptic device and experimental results agreed well with our theory.


Going on everyone Sam here with late in sports cards for 23 Bowman draft baseball sapphire edition five box break number four random Team style look again at your random results as always you can find these all on the website under the results tab as well as the link That's in chat. So good luck here everybody Channel to leave this channel to propaganda being pushed I'm down for a Papa D. I right here. We need a Papa D. I'm a girl That's a yellow brand in winnaker 75 on the first Walter's Christopher Torrey Once we get in further incident once we're past all this Tray Morgan nice Bryce Eldridge to 199 on the first auto Eldridge during each of all this It helped your diaper soil They Felt Abner gold to 50 Hunter Holland for the Reds That eligible is nice for Shirley. So very nice Mr. Eldridge Radenberg Schleiger and Gordon letter T Clemmie and Jesus bias yellow nizan zonatello to 75 for the red sox Really Jake is classing the place up. Come on. Really Shane Shane goes look Jake. Look at Jake classing the place up That would be classing the place down Gold first you Hackenburg to 50 for the brakes. Oh Nice That is a gold auto why it's Langford Congrats Rangers Jacob F Yeah, that's gonna work just fine Fire How man, holy cow. Yeah, that's a I got a big card. That's a big card right bang bang 45 a 50 The jaker mojo God No Yeah, that'll work right there for sure 75 Carson Rocco Forte 75 Ace Pretty tame In a muzzle while he's playing This looks like Hannibal Lecter Rod and Cheerio and Joe the console so funny. I was like, I was like where's a spin. He's like he just wanders around He's wrong Orange DJ Walin to set 25 nice one there. What is he? Excuse me Poodle has poo in it All these allergies They said that Australian shepherds were Hypoallergenic and I'll tell you what that's a lot Yeah, and they don't shed That's a lot There's care for us there another Bryce Eldridge. It's time to 50 on the gold Nice one there for it the giants ain't nobody in lean-to stream. Oh, we are poodle. I've had a poodle my entire life Brock Vraedenberg first base auto for the Marlins. She's 16 and still going. Oh, really?  Yeah, that's cool. Oh, yeah Gold Ariel Castro to 50 nice one there twins Chase Davis That is a sapphire selections of chase Davis for the Cardinals No, my son Donna Travis honeymoon Alex Ramirez as well Yellow is Jake the Leo first to 75 Nice one there for the Marlins. Exactly. The bigger ones tend to be kind of mean sometimes The big poodles can be kind of the standard ones those those things can be nasty like my dog. She's like 15 pounds So she's she's cool.  Yeah, she's tiny. Thank you.   Oh, yeah Australian Shepherd Yeah That's films. Yeah, right here. Yeah much my daughter has to Bear and Daisy Justin Crawford is 75 Talking dogs in general change That is that shot to 199 congrats cubs. Very nice Matt Shaw action keener and Zach Gordon PJ well and Jonathan Metia Shepherds are dope too. A lot of these dog all dogs are dope. Oh, we got a favorite I'll keep on with all red fun Look like a first. It's a met it is Drew Gilbert to five nice one there congrats Mets go into Kevin M Kevin one of five congrats Kevin. Let's go Kev one there, buddy Bruce Lee mr. French What up Frenchy Andrew Gilbert that is Brian Acuna 275 for the twins Orange Max Clark the 25 Sapphire selections for the Tigers. Let's go dude. Congrats Mike D On that one to 25. We'll get that into my second orange Clark selections. We pulled today. Not bad Yeah, it was like 279 71 and one or something that is a gold of Kyfer Lord to 50 Jonathan now we doing buddy Jonathan Jonathan on the PJ And the PJ where you flying flying over Come scoop us That is Adrian Santana nice one there for it the rays on the Sapphire selections auto Jonathan Levi Wells and base And it's on peacock. It is up.  Probably 75 saw that I was like That's a bad move Yeah, I hope so I find it No, I don't want to do that. I got no problem doing that. I now I agree on that one That's Kate Collar Joe Redfield gold first to 50 congrats on that one of their angels Just tell me when you walk in there the smell ladies. It's it's yeah AJ Ewing Jake Cunningham and jet Williams come back to wash his hands after the restroom, too It's I'm over it. I mean quick recap here, everybody Weren't we taught that Y'all it's yellow Drew Hackenberg Brian Cunha Justin Crawford Jake DeLeo to 50 Bryce Eldridge Carson Rocco Forte is on a tello and Brandon Winnaker Yeah, that's BS. I know to 50 is Hunter Holland Kuyfer Lord Ariel Castro Joe Redfield that drew Hackenberg Orange to 25 TJ Walton autos. We had Adrian Santana Matt Shaw Brock Bradenberg Bryce Eldridge We've got orange Max Clark sapphire selections again a red drew Gilbert to five and then a cold auto of Wyatt Langford on real man I'll do it for the break everybody. Thanks again for the film coming up next is number five


What's going on guys welcome back to the channel critical over here to talk about several topics in this video here today talking about screen six Jebus creepers for Halloween ends and Buffett the Vampire Slayer now these new behind-the-scenes photos that have come out recently have given us a First look at Ghostface in the background of this one and specifically if you zoom in on it a minor first glance at Ghostface in Scream 6 and then we also had some new images that came out of Samara weaving I think all of these are still coming from that be real app that Mason Gooding seems to be taking over for the most Part so you had this image of the crew and then you had this image here that came out of Samara weaving this most recent photo has People thinking she is dying or is the killer and honestly of course it's gonna be one or the other anyway But I think she has her throat slit under this and I don't think she's dressed as Ghostface underneath that and if she is This could be for something else. She doesn't necessarily mean just because she's dressed as Ghostface She's gonna end up being the Ghostface killer in Scream 6 this could be for stab or something Honestly because I don't think she would share something of her dressed as Ghostface anyway, so Also, some of these new images that came out of new areas recently that seem to suggest filming is continuing till the 26th of August and references to Hank Loomis and Jill Roberts like what you see here on your screen I think that says Jill's flower shop and then another one I think said like the one that's gonna come up on your screen Hanks steady hands So clearly I would say these are not to those two characters Jill Roberts and Hank Loomis two people who have been very Integral to the overall narrative so far because one was a ghostface killer The other one was a part of events that spiraled into where we are now So we'll see if this movie is gonna be filming till August 26 from my knowledge. That's still not true What we'll see from what I know this movie apparently supposed to be rapping on August 22nd or 23rd There should be no reason they are filming till August 26 But you know if they are filming till August 26th, and they just are I don't think they're going into September Like many people thought Melissa Bure with stating They they should be filming or rapping filming by the end of this month So Jeepers Creepers 4 for any of you who are going to that fathom event many of you might Cancel your tickets after hearing this Jeepers Creepers 4 is set to release on Blu-ray this November So the updated runtime details that I saw mentioned that it's actually going to be an hour and 28 minutes I know I saw a few of you actually comment this so I'm getting this from Amazon and on Blu-ray.com the movie is already available to pre-order as well And I would be surprised if it had a sci-fi network airing after this fathom event coming up next month in September when we know it's supposed to have a three night showing September 19th 20th and 21st I know again a lot of you have already bought your tickets. You're excited. You're gonna go out and watch it We know all the central stuff that we should expect going into this movie a whorehound festival chasing Lane as our protagonist and Like some type of mixture of a slasher movie escape room That type of stuff hellfest even and Jeepers Creepers throwing into the mix So the fact that this movie is coming out on home media that quickly Again for a lot of you I can already tell or I can already anticipate that some of you might end up canceling your tickets Not all of you, but I wouldn't be surprised like 5% of you cancel your tickets, and I don't blame you That's not too far away. It's coming out on November 15th You again can go to amazon.com If you want to pre-order the home media release of Jeepers Creepers 4 for whatever reason and you can add it to your Collection because again this movie might end up being better than Jeepers Creepers 3 the bar is so low There's no way that it can be worse than Jeepers Creepers 3 But if it manages to do that I might give it an extra star just for somehow managing to be worse than the third movie But we'll see what happens with Jeepers Creepers 4 when it releases next month of this fathom event I'll again have my review up on the channel after I see it on September 19th We need to jump into Halloween in so Halloween ends again coming out on what October 14th, and the second trailer has not arrived But has to become a sooner or later, but what will it show? I'm expecting that this will show Corey getting bullied because again, it seems like the direction they're gonna take It should be showing Corey Cunningham a little bit more about what might draw him out to be The copycat killer or at least him becoming a copycat killer what his attachment to Allison is how he meets Allison and Showing Lori and I guess how she gets involved with Corey and Michael Myers alike So I'll have another solo video talking about Michael Myers being supernatural up on the channel later today as well Because there was something I came across on Reddit that I thought was interesting I'm not saying I necessarily agree with it, but I did find it interesting and I want to know what everyone else Thinks about this theory that I saw over on Reddit So the second trailer should be here again sooner rather than later of course sometime in September I would predict maybe mid-September to hype up the fact that the movie is coming out in a few weeks And we'll get some new glimpses of this movie in that second trailer or do you not want a second trailer? Let me know that down in the comment section below and As far as how they've been get how they've been doing the marketing I know a lot of you think the marketing for Halloween ends has been Middle of the road or lackluster all together. I would say it's pretty eh I think honestly, they're gonna kick it up very heavily going into September I just think that there's a lot of confidence that this movie is going to be a success of the box office that they're saving a lot of their Marketing like we still don't have a lot of the magazine stuff that I'm expecting to get We still don't really have a lot of official steals that I'm expecting to get as well at some point All that seems like it's gonna be cranked out in September leading into October So we'll see what happens jumping into the last thing Buffy the vampire slayer So Buffy the vampire slayer was supposed to have a reboot or some type of revival with Monica Breen as the showrunner Joss Whedon as the executive producer, but that seems to have fallen through the cracks and it seems The show isn't gonna happen anytime soon because it's been revealed to be on pause by another executive producer during an interview with TV line recently The show was seemingly going to be set in the same world I guess and introduce a new slayer after the events of chosen or was going to retell Buffy's story And just put a person of color in the role now to be honest The route people want is a sequel series since the finale has set up a world of stories to tell if someone worthy enough ever comes along Then they need to die back into this universe at some point There is no reason to again put us in a world where you give us Buffy summers But she's now a person of color when the when people of color and slayers that are people of color have already been shown to Exist with their own identities There's no need to retread on Buffy's story when you can easily just set it after chosen put it in the same universe same timeline Give a person of color their own identity for those of you Buffy fans. You know what I'm talking about You already have Kendra. We have I think her name was Sinea and then you have Nikki wood They already gave people of color that were slayers their own identities So continue to do that and set it after the events of chosen Everything can still be left cannon. It doesn't necessarily have to pick up after the comic books I know some people would prefer that but setting this after chosen and just picking up with a person of color You can do that But let me know what you guys think about this down in the comment section below if you haven't already of course make She subscribe turn on post if case that never miss a video in the description I'll have a link to all my social media house on Facebook sort of Instagram You can message me there of course to limit over there any movies news or reviews You like me to cover in the future with all that in mind guys. I will see you in the next video


Freedom! The dashboard is broken! Okay, no it's not. But now that I have your attention, a lot of you have been reporting that the dashboard is indeed broken. It's not. The dashboard is undergoing a series of changes over the next few months that will result in dashboard 2.0. I am extremely excited about this because I know some of the features that are coming up. Do you? Maybe you do.  But I am not at liberty to say right now, but I can tell you that if it impresses me, that's some really cool stuff. Seriously though, I would like to remind everyone that the dashboard is currently in beta status. Beta status pretty much means that not everything is perfect yet. We are getting there. And we are also adding features. We are adding just so much behind the scenes. A lot of times when changes happen, it doesn't just affect one thing. When we find a more efficient way of doing one thing, often, it means that a lot of other things have to change in order to accommodate whatever it is originally changed. So just try to keep in mind that if something happens like your revenue accidentally turns to zero for a day, don't worry, your revenue is fine. It's still there. It just means that some link on the back end needs to be relinked. Check back in 24 hours, check back in an hour, maybe an hour and a half. It's okay.  Definitely let us know if it's happening, but there is no need to freak out because 99 times out of 100 it's because the developers are in the middle of upgrading something right that second. If you have any other questions, comments, matters of concern, let us know in the comments section down below. Till next time, I'm Anthony. Like, subscribe, comments, please. That's my show. Or watch the Anthony show or the Alex show also on Freedom.


Welcome to this edition of Vantage Point. I'm here with the Reverend Allison Buttrick Patton, who is the pastor of the Soggytuk Congregational Church. Soggytuk has a really interesting story in its most recent history, and Allison has been serving as the pastor there. She has a strong commitment to cooperation and interdependence, not only among United Church of Christ churches, but also on an interfaith and ecumenical basis. So welcome Allison. We're glad you're here. Thank you. Would you tell us a little bit about the story that brings you here today that really helps us understand interdependence in a very significant way? I'd love to. And I think I'd begin by saying that the story is for me an extended expression of gratitude to the wider community of faith around Soggytuk Church. Soggytuk Church has collaboration in its DNA, and I was fortunate to inherit that commitment. But we've experienced the need to collaborate and the gifts of collaboration in a particular way over the course of the last three years. So tell us about what that means. So just over three years ago, Soggytuk suffered a devastating fire that destroyed enough of the church that we had to vacate the premises in order to rebuild. And so for the last three years we have been a church without walls, which doesn't literally mean that we've been on a street corner. On the contrary, we've been hosted by a number of different churches, but most frequently have worshiped a temple Israel, which is the reform synagogue in Westport. And we've worshiped there and at Christ in Holy Trinity on the beach, on our own front lawn, while rebuilding our own church walls. The result of not having our own space is that we have relied on partners for every project that we undertake, that we can't pursue a program or host a worship or undertake an activity without a partner. If for no other reason than we need a space in which to convene that event. So while we have always partnered with folks, we've discovered over the last three years just how much richer ministry can be when we take any of our programs or projects and collaborate to make them bigger and better. So tell me about some of the cooperative spirit and some of the things specifically that have happened between your congregation and other churches. Yeah. So looking first at our United Church of Christ partners in the area, Greens Farms Congregational Church is just up the road. They very graciously said to us during our sojourn, our sanctuary is your sanctuary, in particular for the purpose of hosting memorial services. When families are looking for a familiar space, a congregational sanctuary in which to honor their loved one. So we gathered there every time we said goodbye to one of the saints in our midst. That was on the one hand a unidirectional kind of collaboration where they were host and we arrived and used the space, but it meant that we were hanging out together and getting to know one another along the way and not because of the needs of Saga Tuck Church, but in a happy coincidence our youth minister and the youth minister over at Greens Farms Church discovered one another and during the course of their studies at Yale University and are now married. So just this week the two congregations have launched a joint Bible study for our youth groups both Saga Tuck Church and Greens Farms. And so we're gathering two groups that probably would have been too small individually for this trial Bible study, but together we might light a spark. Another example comes from a partnership with Wilton Congregational Church in the Reverend Arnold Thomas. Reverend Thomas and I struck up conversation around the time that 12 years a slave was being screened in theaters and agreed that we'd both really love to have some deep conversation about the film and that we might try doing that together. So he and I did that first one-on-one, reflected on the film, exchanged our own insights and then co-hosted a conversation with mostly members of Saga Tuck Church because we were hosting the event in Westport. That conversation itself was rich and marvelous and Reverend Thomas brought wisdom and knowledge that I couldn't to the conversation based on his own educational background so it was a deeper conversation since we were both there in the room. An added benefit because we had so much fun doing it the first time, I engaged in some conversation with our public library and Westport Public Library ended up inviting the two of us to facilitate a conversation after a screening of 12 Years a Slave there at the library for a larger audience. So that was an opportunity to model collaboration between our UCC churches in a public setting and that was a ton of fun. And other partnerships you would name outside of the name some UCC connections with area churches. Are there other partnerships that are part of the DNA of Saga Tuck that you'd like to share? There are. So Temple Israel was our host throughout the three years that we were rebuilding our own church. So we worshiped in their sanctuary every Sunday morning. Over the course of that three years I got to know three different rabbis and benefited from their wisdom and leadership on a number of occasions. They hosted us for a Passover Seder that was a teaching Seder. They one of them led a workshop on first century Judaism for our congregation. Some of us worshiped with them on Friday night for Shabbat on a number of different occasions. So we found opportunities along the way to resource one another and to learn from one another. The fun thing about this is that 40 years ago when Temple Israel was building its current synagogue we actually hosted them at Saga Tuck Church. So there is a kind of turning the tables which has been really neat. So they've just called a new senior rabbi within the last few months and I now have the privilege of getting to know him. We meet together routinely and continue to imagine how our partnership will continue even though we're no longer worshiping in their space. One other example I would lift up is with the United Methodist Church of Westport and Weston and the Reverend Ed Horn. He and I are both active with the Interfaith Clergy Network which is a very strong network of clergy that meets every month in Westport and Weston and I again inherited those relationships when I arrived two and a half years ago. I felt very blessed to have that circle of colleagues with whom to work and minister in Westport. Among them Ed has been a particularly valued colleague and when we were looking ahead to the Christmas season I wanted to host a blue Christmas service which is a service designed for those who may be struggling with depression or loss during the advent and Christmas season. The number of our churches host that kind of service but there wasn't one in Westport at the time. Again we didn't have a sanctuary in which to host that service and I reached out to Ed. He kindly said you're welcome to use our space. I said that's great but I'd actually love to do it with you and he gave it enthusiastic yes. We designed and co-led that worship service. We've done that now twice and I look forward to hosting that service next year at Saga Tuk Church but again in collaboration with the Methodist Church which just extends our reach and the number of folks who are touched by an important service. So the spirit of collaboration is part as you said in the beginning part of your DNA. What are the challenges to collaboration? It's not always easy. It's really not and it's a really good question. In some ways the challenge before us is to hold on to the wisdom we've learned in the last three years and not abandon it now that we think we can do it ourselves because we've got our own space. There is always the gnawing sense of competition that I think if we're all honest we bring to ministry. We hope to grow our own churches. We hope to establish our own identity. We worry I think that if we do things with another church that that sense of individual identity might get lost that will it'll get mushy and how will people know whether they should come to us or go to them and maybe they'll go to them. My learning is that being committed to collaboration can be part of our identity and part of what makes us distinct and as I think others have said with you in this series in the end it's a gift to be able to say I have this that I can offer you but you know what my colleague down the street they have something that you might need too and it's probably it's good work and sometimes hard work to to to be honest about naming not only our gifts but the gifts of those around us. The other challenge I think is the challenge of limited time and resources or what I suspect some days is the myth of limited time and resources. I think it may be it feels in my life sometimes like the excuse I use for not collaborating when I don't collaborate that I can get it done quicker myself or that I don't have time to reach out and sort out how to do the creative work of collaborating and it does take time and it takes intentionality and it takes failing right and then regrouping but I suspect maybe in the long run that it's not more time spent but time spent differently. That's my theory. I'm still living into that. I think it works it's really good it's really good. I fully support the theory. I am grateful to you Allison for your coming and sharing the story with our viewers today about the ways in which the Saga Tuck Church partly out of necessity but also part of your DNA to have this impulse to connect with other congregations to connect with in an interfaith ecumenical way but even to connect with a wider community and share the good news of our faith. So I am deeply grateful to you for your time and for your leadership here in the Connecticut Conference. Thank you. One of my favorite authors and poets Mr. Wendell Berry writes and we pray not for the new earth or heaven but to be quiet in heart and in eye clear what we need is here. Holy Week is a week of story. It's a week where we all walk liturgically, spiritually, communally, personally through those last days of Jesus Christ beginning with Palms Sunday the donkey the palm branches the shouts of Hosanna God save us. Mondi Thursday the upper room sharing a bread and cup a new commandment washing the feet of the disciples and betrayal. Good Friday crucifixion death Easter Christ is risen Christ is risen indeed into a world filled with so many unholy moments what we need is here.  May this Holy Week connect us yet again to that week of story which changed and still changes the world in which we live. God's blessings be upon you as we enter this week called Holy. That's it for this edition of Vantage Point. We are grateful that you are a viewer of this series and we look forward to you joining us again in subsequent editions. Blessings to you this day.