At 8 minutes past 10, time for the Sears Radio Theatre. And we invite you to stay tuned for Sears Radio Theatre. Today you'll hear a story involving the human emotions with your hostess, Cicely Tyson. Peter Leeds and Linda K. Henning Starr as a young couple. They must do battle with governmental bureaucracies, a guardian and relatives as they try to find a suitable rest home for two elderly ladies. Listen for This Home Is Dissolved. Sears Radio Theatre will begin after this message from your local station. Harry, why are you wearing that silly hat? Because we're going to the Washington's birthday party at W&J Sloan's. And here's a hat for you too. Harry, you mean a Washington's birthday sale, not a party? No, at Sloan's, it's a savings party. Here, look at these fabulous values. Hundred and Seen One Bedroom, 20% off. And a Quilted Print Loose Pillowbacked Sofa Love Seat Combo, just $600.  And a Velvet Swivel Chair, only $150. Why, at Sloan's, it really is like a savings party. 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Yesterday, a lady came in and said that she'd been in and out of about every store in town looking for draperies and, at this point, didn't know what she wanted anymore. I asked questions about her tastes and decor and then made suggestions. She was thrilled. She found what she wanted and learned a little, too. It made me feel good to know that I helped her out. Sears people are friendly people who help you find what you want. Presenting Sears' very charming spring shirt dress in small, yarn-dyed woven checks, stripes or plaids. It's a great versatile dress for work because to finish off the dress, Sears has conjured up a complimenting vest. Vests come lined or reversible in enchanting colors that work wonderful spells on the rest of your wardrobe, too. Sears' vest plus a dress. The bewitchingly correct dress this spring. Available at most larger Sears retail stores. Nearly everyone at our party mentioned our new Sears Dream Supreme carpeting. 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About an elderly couple who had lost their memory and their sense of time. Who could no longer find their way home. Could no longer smell or see smoke when it filled their apartment. And the responsibility for their welfare is yours. Tony and Louise Corder thought they had the answer and took upon themselves a task they had long contemplated without the slightest suspicion of how difficult it would be. I never thought I'd be writing to you when I first attempted that I thought placing them in a good rest home would be an easy task. One of your clients, they've reached a point where they can't go outside without forgetting their keys and even forgetting where they live sometimes. Also, they've burnt their dinner nearly every night this month. That won't stop them from being a danger to the building. What they need is round the clock supervision. It would reduce the danger if somebody cooked their meals. Mrs. Dodge, may I explain further? These ladies can no longer reason for themselves. Their problems go far beyond the mere cooking of meals. But unless they have something physically wrong with them. What has to be wrong with them? Well, a debilitating illness. Do we have to wait for one of them to fall down a flight of stairs or suffocate the other tenants with gas fumes? Isn't there any procedure for this kind of situation? Well, I really don't know. Yes, Amelia does. But I don't think she's seen him more than twice in the past 15 years.  Oh, gosh. All right, Mrs. Dodge. I'll speak with them about it. But what I would like to do is to find some agency to take the matter in hand. Good-bye. Good-bye. What are we going to do? Continue making inquiries, I guess. Institutional law is complicated because the older the sisters are, Amelia, possessed a bank account of nearly $40,000 with accepting privately paying resident would accept someone relying solely on government. We were determined to keep the sisters together. At that time, I tried to enlist the help of the sisters' friends. I don't know what they've been eating the past few days for pork chops. Well, the sisters have really been losing their grip on reality these past couple of months. And Louise and I feel it's time for them to go into a rest home. Louise, it would be safer for you if we, well, if you went to live in a rest home, I will find a nice place where there'll be people to help you. Off the track, August, I am not denying that Anna and Amelia keep a neat home. I just don't... His mother got knocked down on the... Honey, let me tell you something I found out. What? When August had his back to me in the kitchen, I noticed a couple of bank books lying out of curiosity. I peeked into them and saw his name typed in as co-signature on both of their accounts. I wonder if that has something to do with his wanting them to stay right where they are. They certainly do indeed. If nobody is willing to help, I'll just move them myself into the first vacancy I find. You make it legal! I called the psychiatric ward and they referred me to the mental health clinic. A Mr. Abel called upon the sisters, told us he understood the urgency of the problem, and promised to file a petition of the incompetency with the court and to contact us in a few days. A week passed and we didn't hear from Mr. Abel. My wife decided bureaucracy, and I was becoming increasingly angry. From the downstairs doorbell rang, I called to my wife, I had an intuition who it might be, and peering through the curtain, my intuition was confirmed. There stood Anna and Amelia, their pocket books hanging open, fumbling with the door handle. I raced back upstairs. Sure to be popular for a number of reasons. They don't appreciate the permapressed polyester or polyester cotton blends for easy care, plus at low value prices, what a buy! 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Select from 13 different pieces, now at most Sears retail stores. To a dead end in their efforts to assist the two old ladies who were tenants of their apartment building. Faceless civil servants at the opposite end of a telephone referred the problem from one office to another. The quarters decided to act on their own. I hope it's better than the home we visited this morning. Recommended by their physician, Dr. Jackson. At least we have two more prospects after this. Hello, Mrs. Smith? Yes, you came at just the right time Dr. Jackson called yesterday asking if I could accept two more residents and sure enough I'd just finished cleaning a double room. Oh, this is a stroke of luck for your two ladies. Now let me show you the living room first. There's on the wall. Why is it that people think that paintings of sad-eyed cats make for a cheerful environment? Our people are free as we provide or play cards or do pretty much anything they want. Now if you'll just follow me. Looks like everyone is submitted to the TV. What do you mean? That's a mystery. I'm here during the day and I have a girl come in during the afternoon and another girl stays here all night old. And of course we have someone in to cook me. Here's the kitchen. Step in, look around if you like. Old wise that you said your ladies are. One is not yours brought to them. Most of our people take their meals in their rooms. Probably not. They're up in the kitchen. I'm not sure we can work it out. Oh, no. They get up and down. Of course if they don't want to go down for their ambulatory. Are there any problems? We call Dr. Jackson. Does he make regular visits? Every other month. That's not very often. These are all his patients. You see, he knows the medical history of each. Telling you about it's already. Anytime your ladies would like to move in. I'd like to take a look at the view. By all three growing there. They see. Ah, yes. Understand from what you told me on the phone that one of the sisters received supplementary social security and that the other would be a privately paying resident. That's correct. Mrs. Smith, we have other homes to visit today so we won't be making a commitment yet. Oh, surely. I'd like to show you the upstairs. Keep this door locked at all times. Security if I don't want anybody wandering out onto our porch here. Down below you see our backyard. It doesn't look like anybody uses it. We have a little cook out here from time to time. Everyone loves it. Shall we go back downstairs? Well, you can't do much with my mother. She's a... You can talk to me tomorrow. I'll be here until then. It might have something to do with Amelia's considerable bank account. Obviously this money would be eaten away if she went into a rest home. Soon afterwards, we had a stroke of good fortune. I contacted the mental health worker. We found two vacancies at the Briggs home. We'll put them in there ourselves. The desire that he wants them to stay there so he doesn't have to share Amelia's bank book with anyone. Louise even spoke to Amelia's son yesterday but he couldn't care less and help us put them into the Briggs home. See, we had hard enough time... Keep on it and work things out tomorrow. Please. Oh, what if you went off to college and found that you were different from everyone else and everything was designed for them, not for you? Suppose you went to the library and all the books you needed were in Braille and you were the only one who couldn't read. You'd feel left out, wouldn't you? And what if you went to class and found that there were no chairs and all the other students rolled in with their own wheelchairs? Suppose one of your professors gave his lectures talking with his hands, only his hands, and everyone understood sign language except you. You'd think it wasn't fair. Well, that's how handicapped people feel now when they go to college and find extra handicaps. But things are changing and we have free information that can help. Professor Look, Box 1492, Washington, D.C. 20013. A public service message on behalf of the United States Office of Education. This home is dissolved. I called Mrs. Dodge, but she was unwilling to come out and help us. She said she didn't handle placement. The mental health clinic are still dragging their heels about that. Yet they tell me if I move the ladies, I'm breaking the law. Obviously don't want to help. Well, I'm calling Mr. Abe. Legally bound to accept the ladies aren't going to be tricked into keeping them here. So if you want these ladies to tell you what's obvious, please hand me that pad and pencil on the telephone table. Thank you. That has to do with their inability to continue living on their own. Tony, write the note. We can't go on arguing. You see? We have to go. Come on, Louie. He wants the ladies to stay here forever so he can keep his hands on their money. I had indicated an urge for very good care of you. That's right. We'll get along just fine. Would you like any more coffee, Anna? Oh, Amelia? It would be much better for them. Tomorrow you can return with their personal belongings.  Love our new Kenmore microwave oven from Sears. I can cook a five pound roast medium or three strips of bacon in three and a half minutes on a paper plate. Bake two potatoes in eight minutes with vegetables faster than boiling them in water. That means less time in the kitchen. And more with you. Vast clean, cool cooking with Sears Kenmore microwave ovens, all with automatic defrost. Choose the right model for your kitchen from the many styles available at most Sears retail stores. Hey, look, in here. Inside this stylish man's shirt label just popping with pride because Sears value dress shirts are sure to be popular for a number of reasons. 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So we've got flames that are now up the full length of the bark and a couple of embers coming off. So the flame temperature is going to be in the order of about 900 to 1100 Celsius. In front of a large bush fire you'll probably find that you don't just get one ember but lots of embers landing. If any of those are starting spot fires then it'd be far too many for you to actually be able to control safely. So if you've got spot fires landing you need to take cover. There's no questioning the facts. Learn more at emergency.vic.gov.au Authorized by the Victorian Government, Melbourne.


Introducing the man of I.R. Steele, I.N.M. God! He's a police officer keeping us safe. The two-time champion, Fred Ortiz! Match up. One, you got to pay attention to the judges. If they might count a negative, but it's a warning. You got one bad rep allowed. After that, it will not count. Let's keep it intense. Push yourselves until I grab you and drive you off the arena. All right. Dap it up and let's go. All right. Ten, nine, eight, seven, six. I love the intensity of pushing it. Let's go, guys. Just keep going. Rafi in the room. We're back there. Twenty seconds. Seconds. I scared you. Don't jump up, bro. You're pushing. Fred Allen, push it. Push it, guys. Let's get it. Keep pushing, guys. Keep pushing. Keep pushing. Keep pushing. Keep pushing. Thirty seconds. Keep pushing. Twenty seconds. Fifteen seconds. All set. Good job, guys. Keep pushing. Don't give up. Don't give up. Thirty seconds. Good job, Frank. Good job. Good job. All right. Keep pushing out. Keep pushing, guys. Keep pushing. Keep pushing. Keep pushing. Keep pushing. Let me weigh you. Keep pushing! Keep pushing! Let me weigh you.


Sometimes, natural phenomenon can be utilized by Allah to send a serious message to people who may not believe in the existence of the supernatural and the role of God in human affairs. This video is a typical example of what happens when Allah wants to directly prove that no matter how advanced humanity has become or will become in the future, Allah only has control over the universe. Let me check that out. Look at the clearing sky across the Hudson. Oh, wow! This is another first time something like this has happened. We have seen various videos of lightning strike in strategic locations at critical time in history. Many have ascribed significance to them while others have ignored them. But from a supernatural point of view, if he is pertinent to take note of some of these occurrences as they would help us get a better understanding of Allah's warnings and subsequent wrath. This happened in China. This was in America. South Carolina man walking in the rain when a lightning bolt struck just feet from him. You can see the bolt hit the ground causing the man to jump back. He threw his umbrella down then quickly picked it back up and ran off. He says he felt the shock but is just thankful not to have any major injuries. This is the White House being struck by thunder. On the 4th of August 2022, an extremely powerful bolt of lightning fell just outside the White House. This video came from a Brazilian concert where people openly mocked God and the divine. A drama was organized to practically pay homage to the devil. For images that looked like a depiction of Satan received worship from those who participated in the abomination. What happened after this can best be described as horrible. Some parts of Brazil were heavily flooded. Allah sent a plague of flood to ravage the land and possibly cleanse it of evil and blasphemy. Assalamualaikum brothers and sisters. Welcome to another episode of the Upin Minded Thinker Show. Please like and share this video to enable us to reach more people. Don't forget to subscribe to help us grow. What happened in Brazil was similar to the story of events during the time of Prophet Noah. Recall that Allah warned a lot of the people then moving about their lives and corrupting the earth with their enormous sins. He used the warning of flooding to teach them a lesson and reached the ultimate goal of wiping the earth clean for a new start. We cannot also forget in a hurry what happened after the Pope reside in 2013. Thunder struck the St. Peter's Basilica dome in Rome. Within hours of Pope Benedict announcing that he was to resign, take a look at this. Lightning struck St. Peter's Basilica. Quite similar to when the giant used to start to in Brazil was struck by thunder. A lightning bolt struck the Christ Redeemer statue. Practically most of you could recall that the late Pope Benedict XVI announced his resignation from the office of the Pope. The first time something of that nature occurred in 600 years on the night of the announcement and the election of the new Pope. Francis I enlightened and struck the Vatican dome in what appeared to be a rare occurrence. There was a time that the White House was struck by thunder after American planes started pimmling targets in the Middle East. All this, I believe, are not coincidences. They were real and the clear warning to sinners. Let us reflect on these happenings and strive to be better individuals seeking forgiveness and messy from Allah. Let me check that out. Look at the clearing sky across the Hudson. Oh, wow. So, this weatherman stood in front of the green screen gesturing to the colorful map of the city. This bled behind him from the full video. I could hear that his voice was steady and his eyes darted nervously between the camera and the monitor in front of him. As he spoke in front of a flash of light, fuel the screen followed by a deafening crack of thunder just directly at his pot. That looked like a tower. The weatherman flinched, tumbled over his words for a moment before quickly regaining his composure. The map on the screen showed a red dot indicating the excess pot where the lightning had struck. The weatherman's face peeled as he realized the significance of what just happened. He had been reporting on this time. There was already a rick and hover on the city, but these felt different. This felt like a warning. He glanced out of the window behind him, watching as the wind whipped the trees into a frenzy and the rain lashed against the glasses. This time was no ordinary one. The weatherman's thought went to that people outside caught in the middle of this very powerful force of nature. As the broadcast continued, the weatherman's unease grew. He couldn't shit the feeling that the lightning strike was more than just a coincidence. Even the audience at home seemed to share his sentiment with common flooding. His social media handle speculated on what it could mean. Well, signs like this are not ordinary. We must be careful and ready to absorb warnings and refrain from evils. Well guys, let it live right there. Tell me what you think about this video and the comments below. Like and share. Until next time. Assalamualaikum.


Hello team, Sienna Richardson here with Mick Pongier, Dono, and we have our main man Commodore John Barry back here as well as we take today and pause to celebrate our Navy's birthday 242 years of pride and dedication. And since 1775 the United States Navy has stood the watch around the globe protecting America's interest and projecting that forward. Since the Continental Congress first established our Navy to search for munitionships supplying the British, our sailors have courageously put themselves into harm's way to defend our country. No matter what the mission, our brave men and women have raised their right hands in defense of our nation. This year marks a number of important anniversaries. 100 years ago our Navy entered World War One delivering fierce at sea combat where necessary. That same fighting spirit enabled us to defeat the Japanese Navy at Midway 75 years ago in a battle that turned the tide of the Second World War. Our riverine forces continue to patrol the shallows as they did so gallantly on the front lines of the war in Vietnam 50 years ago. And today the security environment is fast-based complex and competitive but we draw inspiration from the sailors who have gone before and fight with the same integrity, accountability, initiative and toughness. And Mick Pond and I are proud to be part of the Navy team of sailors, civilians and families and we're very grateful and want to thank you for your dedication to our Navy and our nation. Happy birthday team.


Alright, the legal battles between Apple and Qualcomm continue. David Faber's going on about this, and you know, he's really saying, look, it's an existential, whenever you hear that word, you always get really nervous, existential conflict for Qualcomm. It's either do or die, and I don't like to be in a situation where that's the case.  I think that Apple is a, you know, own Apple, you don't trade it, and this is more reason. I think Apple's got the upper hand here.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we discussed the following question which says, prove that the area of an equilateral triangle described on the hypotenuse of the right-angled isosceles triangle is twice the area of an equilateral triangle described on one of its sides. Before we move on to the solution, let's recall some results. First we have the AAA that is angle, angle, angle, similarity, criterion. According to this we have that if in two triangles corresponding angles are equal then their corresponding sides are in the same ratio and hence the two triangles are similar and the other result that we should know is that the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides. This is the key idea that we use for this question. Now let's proceed with the solution. Consider this figure, here we have triangle PQR is an isosceles right-angled triangle where angle PQR is equal to 90 degrees and PQ is equal to QR. Then we also have the triangle PRS is an equilateral triangle which is described on the hypotenuse of triangle PQR and its hypotenuse is PR and this triangle PRS is described on the hypotenuse of this isosceles right-angled triangle. Then we have this equilateral triangle PTQ that is triangle PTQ is an equilateral triangle which is described on the side PQ of the right-angled isosceles triangle PQR and we are supposed to prove that the area of the triangle PRS is equal to 2 times the area of the triangle PTQ. Now let's start with the proof. First of all we take let PQ equal to QR be equal to X units then in right triangle PQR PRS is equal to PQS plus QRS this is by the Pythagoras theorem and so from here we get PRS is equal to X square plus X square that is PRS is equal to 2X square or we can say that PR is equal to root 2 into X units that is the hypotenuse of the right-angled isosceles triangle PQR is equal to root 2X units. Now since triangle PRS is an equilateral triangle therefore PR is equal to RS is equal to SP is equal to root 2X units also the triangle PTQ is an equilateral triangle therefore PT is equal to TQ is equal to QP equal to X units as we have the PQ is equal to X units. Now as each of the triangles PRS PTQ are equilateral therefore each angle of both the triangles is 60 degrees. Now as in triangles PTQ and PRS corresponding angles are equal therefore we can say that triangle PRS is similar to the triangle PTQ by the AAA similarity criterion. As we know that the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of the ratio of the corresponding sides so as both these triangles are similar therefore the ratio of their areas that is area of triangle PRS upon the area of the triangle PTQ is equal to the square of the ratio of the corresponding sides that is PR upon PT whole square or you can say that area of the triangle PRS upon the area of the triangle PTQ is equal to PR square upon PT square. Now we know that PR is equal to root 2X so this is equal to root 2X square upon PT which is X so this would be X square and so further we get area of the triangle PRS upon the area of the triangle PTQ is equal to 2X square upon X square X square X square cancels and so we get area of the triangle PRS is equal to 2X the area of the triangle PTQ so hence we have proved that the area of the triangle PRS is equal to 2X the area of the triangle PTQ so we were supposed to prove this and hence proved this completes the session hope you have understood the solution of this question.


Okay, so welcome everyone to the afternoon session. Our first speaker, Gerard Duchamp, will report on Cleese Stars and Chappellabba. Thank you dear Gleb. I must first of all thank Maxim and the IHES team and my co-organizers Gleb Koshevoy and Hognok Min. And of course you all for attending this talk. And I will speak about Cleese Stars and Chappellalgebras. Why a tangle tail? Because you will see that when you begin to calculate within non-competitive series, you have to manage with superpositions. And this is a notion we made clear with Gleb Koshevoy and Christophe Tolleux in our publication in L'Ottar angiant, twisting and perturbations. And we will speak mainly about perturbations and its combinatorics. So now what is the goal of this talk? We have three goals today. First I will take some time for motivation, explain how this is motivated and what is the root from the very first motivation that was to extend the polylogarism and to some mat overflow post which made the collaboration with Dary Greenberg possible. And after, we will side the main theorem and it is a general theorem. We have two proofs but maybe due to lack of time I will not go into detail. But this result takes place into three variations of the general theme which is the linear independence of character on a co-algebra. And this is the subject of our publication. So we will see, this is generality but we will go into detail. This is more or less generality because it is done on enveloping algebras. The main result will be generality and it has been discussed, condition has been discussed. And after, we will see also examples and examples are made mainly on by algebras formed from the free algebra by adding some co-multiplication. And after, we will end with some remarks about the structure of Hausdorff groups. Hausdorff groups, this term is inherited from Borbaki. It is a group of group like. Borbaki calls Hausdorff groups a group of primitive series. So this will be the group of characters, more general than group likes in this context. And we will see how we can devise a local system of coordinates and have some identities that cannot, in my opinion, be proved otherwise. Of course, parts of this work rest on iterated integrals, so it is linked with Dyson series. Now, we go to the initial motivation. Initial motivation is from hyper-logarism. You have, in the complex plane, you take points, different points or different singular, which will be seen as singularities a1, a2, an, and you see that the functions that are integrated, it is 1 over z minus aj are all homomorphic within the plane without these points. Of course, as you have a monodromy phenomenon, you must base yourself on a path. So if you take a list of singularities, possibly with repetitions, all singularities are different, but your list can be with repetitions and a path, avoiding all singularities from z0 to z, and you form this. Of course, you see that this quantity does not, does depend on the path, but it does not depend on the, it does depend only on the homotopy class, meaning that if you take two paths that are homotopic, of course, the result is the same now. As the result depends on the homotopy class, it can be seen as a function on the universal covering, or you can work, sometimes it is easier, on the cleft plane, which is a section of this universal covering, you take the singularities, and you take a direction from which the singularities are seen different, and you take half-race in order to avoid the logarithm phenomenon, which consists in turning around a singularity. So now, how do we change this with our concern today? As I said, these functions take a list of singularities and a path. As we have said, we work on a simply connected domain, so only the two, the the extremal point of the path, the initial point and the base point and the end point, and we will shift from a list of singularities to words because we said that to each singularity we have attributed a letter, so now you have a word. So you have here, you have done a mapping, which takes an end point, I will make this clear here, because your base point is given, transfer all, and it takes the end point and a word. So now it depends only on a word with variable coefficients.  Now, why do we take this generating series? Because it has a lot of nice features, it fulfills, it is a solution of non-commutative differential equation with left multiplier. I will not go back to this because I went many, many times here and elsewhere since 2017, in Cap 17, Cap 18 and Cap 19 on the study of this series. And the left multiplier will be proved as primitive and as you know, if you have an outdoor group, it is a sort of lig group with the algebra, the primitive series. So we can prove as this left multiplier belongs to the algebra of our group, as at one point, which is Z0, it is a group line, it can be said to be group line for all Z and it is a shuffle morphism. We have seen also the second feature, which is linear independence of the coordinates. With respect to C, it is not difficult to prove this with monotromy, but it can be seen to be independent of larger sets of scalars, larger rings or larger even fields of functions, which will not be the subject of today. But if you go to the slides of Cap 19, you will see this study and which will be our concern today, it will be at the end of this talk, will be the factorization of this character in elementary characters. And as it is once it is factorized, once this series is factorized, you can delete because you see that when you approach the singularities, you can have some divergences. So you can re-normalize by deleting some factors of this factorization, which is this point. And we will see at once what is the problem of extension to some series because you see that here your quantity depends on a word. So you can linearize this mapping and say, oh, it depends on non-commutative polynomials, but what will it be if you, instead of a word or a polynomial, you put inside a series an infinite sum. So you cannot put every infinite sum avoiding the divergences, you have to put infinite sums that are in its domain. We will see at once what will contain the domain. And in particular, this domain contains easy to compute with series. And these series are expressed in a very useful language, very easy to compute in language, which is linked to automata theory. And this is a clean star. If you take a series without constant term, you can take the series 1 plus s plus square plus until infinity. And it is 1 minus s inverse for respect to the concatenation in the algebra of non-commutative series. So now it is a detail, but the Dapo-Dalilevsky was reading from left to right and reading from right to left. And of course it is to match with a more recent bibliography. Now what do we have? We have done the hyper-logarism. I recall that hyper-logarism takes you a word for a non-commutative polynomial and it gives you a holomorphism function. So we have evoked argument of the proof such that this hyper-logarism which takes a word and then a non-commutative polynomial is a shuffle morphism. If you put in as an argument the shuffle of two polynomials, you get the product of these two hyper-logarisms. And how to extend this? We have here a space which is a space of formal power series. For these spaces, we like to decompose a series into a homogeneous slice which is the sum of all coefficients for all words with the same length n. And as our alphabet is finite, the number of singularities is finite, this SN is a polynomial. So you can substitute this SN into hyper-logarism. Now you have to consider as in your source, you have your series that can be like that. It is just not other than the sum of its homogeneous components. You have to consider this series in the target. So this series is in the target, may not converge. So we ask that it converge unconditionally means in French they say convergence commutative and sometimes in the Anglo-Saxon world, say commutatively convergent and unconditionally means it converges whatever the terms are. And if it converges whatever the terms are for the compact convergence, which is convergence on every uniform convergence on every compact, it is a standard topology on H of omega in order to preserve an electricity. We say that this series is admissible as an argument of HL if and only if this series is unconditionally convergent. And this is why we ask this. It is because H of omega shares with finite dimensional topological vector spaces. We are on C here. The nice property that if a series is unconditionally convergent for this compact convergence, then it is absolutely convergent. And we need this to prove that the shuffle property is preserved in the new domain. So now you have your polynomials. You have your holomorphic functions. It is of course a subspace of all holomorphic functions in omega. And you can extend these two series, which are members of the domain. The domain is then, as we said, the series such that if you decompose the series as in these homogeneous components, this series converges commutatively. Now, so if the main result is if you take two series in the domain, their shuffle is in the domain. Of course, one is in the domain. So you have extended this into the domain such that the shuffle property is preserved. And it is a character with values in H of omega with values in commutative algebra. So now, as we want to give examples, we take the polylogaried. The polylogaried is a special case of deeper logarithm with some asymptotic condition. I don't go into detail. So please admit that it is a special case of hyperlogarism. So it is the same as it was for hyperlogarism. The domain is the set of series such that if you decompose the series, then this series converges unconditionally. And now what can you substitute? You can substitute as we, it is a motivation of our title, clean star. Each time you take an expression or a series and you of course check that it is without constant term, the clean star of it is justice. So what will it be here? You take x0, you have two singularities which are 0 and 1 in this example instead of a1, a2, an. And you have x0 and x1, the letters indicating to which around which singularity you integrate. And x0 star is just 1 plus x0 plus x0 squared plus x0 cubed and so on and so on. And this you can prove of course it is an easy exercise that it is in the domain. x1 star is in the domain and you get these values when you compute and which will be seen here and it is why it is called star of the plane because you have x0, x1 which are two independent letters. The two dimensional space alpha x0 plus beta x1 is a plane and star of the plane is exactly these guys and these guys we will see how they can be seen as characters. And it can be proved that if you consider alpha x0 and beta x1 in the previous slide, you have the general formula is this one. It is the star of alpha x plus beta alpha x0 plus beta x1. So as it can be decomposed and as this guy can be seen as alpha x0 star shuffle beta x1 star, the ellie of this is not other than this product of the ellie. And one can prove it is a lot of easy computations. If you put alpha here, you have z to the alpha. If you put here, you have z to minus beta. So it is a product formula which was seen here. Now we go to the next. It will be more and more algebraic. The first motivation was analytic but it will be more and more algebraic. Every common character is of this form. Of course, you have only one character due to the fact that we are in the free algebra and you have only one character such that to each letter you may correspond alpha x. But it is an easy but not immediate exercise to prove that it is a star of this linear combination. And now you have shuffles with perturbations as after the word we call them with Gleb Koshivei and Christophe Tolu, it is a perturbation of the shuffle product. The shuffle product is only based on this recursion with the same unit. And if you can perturbate it with the shuffles, it takes two letters. You can be linearized it and from this quality of this operation defined, you can prove that it's associative or commutative and so on. So you have the shuffle with no perturbation. The shuffle with the perturbation which is given by the addition of indices. The twill filtration which gives a bi-algebra which is not enveloping algebra. These two give enveloping algebras but this gives bi-algebra which is not enveloping algebra. Due to the lack of time, I will not go into detail for Hadamard. And this is a table of shuffle products that we see in the literature beginning with Ri and Hoffman and Kostermans who is a student of Mien. Mien and Mien considered a shuffle for their computations. These two were considered in order to filter the superposition terms of the shuffle. And as was evoked, we said that we considered twistings and perturbations. And here it is a non-twist expression and you have this perturbation and this is the term which is added. I passed the others, save the one with Marchion maybe who considered the generality with perturbation which is a law of algebra associative with unit and it can be non-commutative and then the five shuffle associated with this is not commutative. So the common pattern is the following. You have the beginning of the recursion of shuffle with perturbation. Now what is the initial motivation? It is a post I cast a lot of flow and of course this post is what is written in clear here and it is the following. You take a Li algebra for Irving without zero divisors. It has been discussed that this condition is important for the conclusion and you take the enveloping algebra and you consider the standard decreasing filtration which is just the product of the term in the augmentation ideal. Now you have this filtration which is decreasing. You take the orthogonal filtration with a little shift of index and this is in the dual of this enveloping algebra and you can show that this filtration is a filtration of convolution with respect to convolution. So as it is increasing and the filtration with respect to convolution, the union of all the sectors is a convolution sub-algebra of a few stars. It is not in general in the polynomial examples it is not all dual. So we see that you have a commutative as I said. So I pass this or maybe not. It is a way given to us by Gleb Kochewoy which is very nice how to compute the fish apple. You take your two words. The first word you take you put it vertically. The second word you put it horizontally from left to right and you allow from this leftmost low corner to this rightmost upper corner you allow passes with east, north pass and diagonal pass and to each pass you can evaluate each pass as a term. For example if you have a diagonal term I will take five of the two letters and if I have a horizontal pass I put the letter in the horizontal word. If I have a north step I will put a letter of the vertical word. So now I can this is another example. I pass this which is Radford theorem. I pass as it is a dualizability here. So we have considered a fish apple and we can say that K of X with this fish apple providing that five is associative algebra and we can prove that due to the recursion if you endow this algebra with a co-product which is a d concatenation which is dual concatenation and epsilon which takes a constant term of every polynomial you have a b algebra. In fact due to the fact that this delta is nilpotent delta plus you take delta plus and you repeat this procedure due to the fact that this delta is nilpotent then this algebra is in fact the hope for algebra because you can compute the inverse of the identity because you can put identity equals epsilon plus i plus i plus and then you compute the inverse with the usual series. Now you want to go to the dual so if you want to go to the dual your decon concatenation will take the place of the concatenation and your fish apple will take the place of a delta fish apple. So you have a technical condition on the structure constant in order to warranties. I will not develop but the slides are available on the site. What is interesting is that if you have a fish apple the characters on this algebra are stars of the plane which means that you take a linear combination of the letters if your alphabet is infinite this linear combination can be infinite it's just a linear form and you can you put a star on it it is star of the plane and the as you know in every d algebra the characters of the the algebra itself compose with respect to the dual law of the delta. So you compose these stars of the plane with the fish apple itself and this is what is not so easy to prove combinatorially. I mean in a pedestrian way but if you take the into account the fact that the fish apple of two characters is again a character you just have to test this formula on letters and you can prove that this follows the recursion means that if you have this as you have firstly the first term the second term and the perturbation and you have an identity which can serve to analyze groups housed of groups of of staffel for example which are not so and this is now our main result with Darish Greenberg and Hong Nocmin means that this this property holds for every by algebra but in you know in enveloping algebra the monoid of character in is a group here for by algebra you have only a monoid of character so we have to take this into account so we start with a b algebra and we we make the standard decreasing filtration as was the case for enveloping algebra I take the orthogonal filtration which is increasing with no surprise it is a filtration which is compatible with a convolution product and the the conclusion is the set if this can be done on whatever the ring of coefficients but now you have to take an integral domain and for an integral domain this group of characters is linearly independent with respect to this convolution algebra so as an example I can give an example which is a which is with only an univariate polynomial so you take the b algebra one the algebra itself is the algebra of polynomials you take only one variable delta is a delta of x is x tensor one plus one tensor x means that x is non-primitive and epsilon is that to take the constant term of polynomials so as a not clean starts of the plane it is clean starts of the line because you have only one dimension here so the characters are of the this form so it is easily checked that you have this it is a particular case of the formula that was given previously and the the monoid is isomorphic to the abelian group in particular it is a group but it is a case for every envelope in algebra and this is an envelope in algebra and now let us give a non-trivial example you take the of the of the rational in order to have the roots you could take also the extension of q by the roots and you take all the prime numbers and you take these roots of the prime numbers and this is a character of k of x this is not difficult but now what the preceding study shows that this set of character is algebraically independent over the polynomial and you can double check this considering that this is this formula the star is the inverse of one minus rather than the square root of b and x this time with with respect to the concatenation product and you have to use this which means that the shuffle power goes into the multiplicator of the character so you can double check that it is algebraically independent of course if you use many variables you have a non-trivial result so what we consider now is the group of characters and the group of characters you have exponentials and the logarithm it is you have a very very easy log x correspondence now I will dive into I will swoop into the example of the shuffle product the shuffle product as was explained here uses the addition of indices as perturbations so you have the beginning is the same as a shuffle and you have y index i plus k this term now if you take two as an application of our formula which is general here for shuffle you have this you have this star shuffle this star equals this plus this I could have put only the one index and alpha i plus beta i and this is the billionaire product and this is the phi so if you see this formula you can immediately imagine that if you take as a mental image your y y y i as a as a as a power like in overall style so you code this linear combination by this series means that you take the index and you put it as a power you get the following from 11 you get the following formula we will call phi umbra y this coding and then you have phi umbra y of s shuffle shuffle sorry phi umbra one of t uh shuffle sorry star and the shuffle is here equal phi umbra y of one plus s one plus t minus one so this will result in the fact that this is a one parameter row and as it is a one parameter row we can uh have identities which can uh double check by newton girard formula like for example uh this is the star of the plane so it is a character and a character is also an exponential of primitive element so the question is ah yes we have a character so it is the exponential of what it is a the same as it is so taking our our coding we can use this and take one letter for example uh renormalized by t and say that this is of course not a one parameter group it is a one parameter path drawn on the out of group but it can be a log uh what one can take the log of this one parameter pass and have this formula uh i uh so this formula can be double checked by other means maybe so uh let me conclude uh star of the plane property which is not difficult but it is worth to be means that uh in this uh by algebra which are of use combinatorially for many operations of on formal power series coding uh coding different things star of the plane property means that a character of this is exactly of this form so uh this formula uh eases the computation on the group of character and for con characters you can have matrix valued characters or non-commutative valued characters it is not important because the free algebra of non-commutative polynomial now if you consider this the composition of these characters you have an evolution equation that's why it is so linked to the project evolution equation in physics led by carol pennson now uh if you have a character which is this this time a value means that a is a k commutative algebra associative with you contrary contrary wise to the one you must have a commutative well it is not important so that because uh as this is commutative uh then uh the image is commutative but we will you see that we if you feed feed i4 deform this it is not necessarily commutative so you must we must start with this and this character uh will be taken as identity you give me a word i i i give you that word the same word it is identity and of course it has a shuffle property because you it is a shuffle morphism so now you have uh this is uh what we call the diagonal series it is the sum on all words that w tensor w and you see that it is an expression of identity so you can change uh the terms from w and w to to a basis in duality to orthogonal basis orthogonal between themselves so it can be proved it is a mrs factorization from melanson written over at sudson verge that this uh is the product of this exponential of course now if you change the character you can keep the identity the identity between the diagonal theory which is a formal identity identity and this and then you obtain a system of local coordinate i said that the host of group was a sort of league group so you know that if you take a basis of the li algebra of a league group you and take the exponentials you have a system of local coordinate at the neighborhood of the of the unity now so uh you see that uh uh this will give you a system of local coordinate of uh your your uh your host of group by decomposing every character as a product of elementary characters and to end with you have a different version of this factorization and of course uh it is rather straightforward this phi is is uh is associative but uh and commutative but i don't know yet if it is uh generalizable uh under which condition it is generalizable to a non-commutative uh uh perturbated shuffles we have to explore this so this factorization which is easy to to set and to clear and to state uh in the case of shuffles in fact holds of all for all enveloping algebras which are free as a as a as k module because of the prokary bierkovid formula you can draw uh derive formula prokary bierkovid basis and under certain condition technical condition you can have uh the orthogonal basis which is in in this b star uh convolution algebra so this uh can be uh set in uh on every enveloping algebra so we have evoked uh two or three times in our conversations with uh uh glem koshevoy that uh we could use this uh to uh factorize some characters uh on and all other enveloping algebras like uh christinis zamolochikov pardon me for the pronunciation le algebra and otherwise other ones uh we were evoking another uh le algebra uh which was uh commutative and uh coming from uh maxi so uh now i have said uh i have uh finished with my presentation and thank you for of course your attention uh with many bubbles thank you sir so we have uh one minute for question before me talks yes yes are there questions or remarks or comments no thank you glem and uh uh thanks thanks for your attention to the public


Hi, my name is Diana Hall, I'm from the Forensic Genetic Unit of the University Hospital of Lausanne, and I'm the corresponding author of the article, Deep Asteroar, Highly Sensitive Markers for the Analysis of Unbalanced Genomic Mixture. In this article, we propose a novel analytical approach that enables the DNA analysis of samples containing the genome from two individuals in very different proportions. To appreciate the importance of this article, I will give you some background. Our research is focused on developing novel methods for forensic identification purposes. Today is possible the DNA analysis of samples containing only few cells, and by using a limited number of polymorphism, which are mainly micro-satellites, we are capable of distinguishing one individual from another. However, the use of standard markers is not always successful, especially when the biological stain is collected on the body or objects of the victim of an aggression. In this case, the DNA of the perpetrator that we are trying to identify might be mixed to large quantities of the DNA of the victim. And when this ratio passes 1 to 20, the major DNA ends up masking the minor DNA because of PCR bias. The problem of DNA mixture resolution is not limited to forensic science. DNA mixtures also occur in vivo, for example during pregnancy or after solid organ transplant, and those are referred to as DNA microchimeries. Currently, the use of markers located on the Y chromosome and the application of technique of laser capture microdissection can provide solutions, but these are limited to specific cell type and sex mixture. In this article, we provide a novel type of genetic marker that we name DeepSTR. This marker is a compound marker, which is form of deletion insertion polymorphism linked physically close to an STR polymorphism. The combined analysis of these two polymorphism identify DeepSTR haplotypes, highly variable of about 300 base pairs. Deep polymorphism are a biallelic polymorphism of a course sequence, mostly between 3 and 15 base pairs. This sequence can be either present determining the allele L or absent in the allele S. In the human genome, we expect to have several millions of deeps and several hundreds are located close to STR markers. In order to target the amplification of the minor DNA, DeepSTR primers are designed overlapping the deep sequence on one side and downstream the STR sequence on the other side. The primers overlapping the deep sequence are two possible, one specific for the S allele and one specific for the L allele. Let's see how it works with an example. Here we have a DNA mixture where the major DNA, which could be the DNA of the victim, is genotype L5-L5 for the DeepSTR. This is mixed to a small quantity of DNA of the perpetrator, for example, which might be S3 and S4. If we analyze this mixture by DeepSTR primer using the S allele specific primer, we can target the amplification of the minor DNA, even when this is present in less than 0.1% of the mixture. The trick does not work for all possible major and minor DNA genotype. We need to have informative genotype. Therefore, a larger panel of DeepSTR needs to be employed compared to standard STR marker. In this article, we provide an initial panel of DeepSTR markers, nine markers we develop. We genotype those on a Swiss population. We tested this marker on clinical samples and we tested those also on simulated DNA mixtures. To sum up, we propose with this article a new analytical approach which is 100 times more sensitive than standard forensic method. It is not sex-specific and it is technically simple. Therefore, we are confident that this research will dramatically impact the fight against crime and will possibly provide the basis for non-invasive prenatal tests and organ transplant monitoring. Have a nice reading of the article on human mutation. Thank you.


And recently we've been working with some schools with kids with autism or learning disability. And actually we have an educational director who's been using our technology frequencies in these classrooms. They couldn't even count to 60. They can't even go and memorize the alphabet. That's how they scored in math. After four months of using our frequencies in the classrooms, and they can't even sit still for nine seconds, right? Now they're sitting still for 15 minutes or longer in the class. How are they now teaching their kids? We couldn't even approach them before. They would scream. We spent years trying to give them talk. And in four months now they're leaving the classroom. Now after four months, they are scoring the top 1% in the nation.


You might know or have seen somebody with Down syndrome, but in this video you're going to learn what it is and why it happens. Down syndrome is caused by a change in the DNA. You probably remember that any change in the structure or the amount of DNA of an organism is called a mutation. Mutations are caused by mutagenic agents like some chemicals or ultraviolet light for example. If a mutation happens in a somatic or body cell, only this cell and its daughter cells will be affected. If a mutation happens in a sex cell or gamete and fertilization happens, then all of the cells of the embryo or fetus and a baby will carry this mutation. This is what happens in Down syndrome.  Sex cells are produced in the type of cell division called meiosis or reduction division. In humans meiosis produces four daughter cells that each have 23 chromosomes, half the number of a somatic cell. However, sometimes the chromosomes are not separated or divided up how they should be, and this is called non-disjunction. One example of non-disjunction in humans is the condition known as Down syndrome. In this case the 21st chromosome fails to segregate and the gamete produced possesses 24 chromosomes, 23 plus an extra copy of chromosome 21. The fusion of this gamete with a normal one results in the offspring having 47 chromosomes. So what are the consequences of having an extra chromosome for people with Down syndrome? Well, the difficulties vary in severity. Facial characteristic can include a flattened, broadened face, and narrowed eyes. But people with Down syndrome don't all look the same. They also look like their parents and family. People with Down syndrome may have a lower than average IQ and a shorter than average life expectancy. Some conditions more common in people with Down syndrome include problems with the heart and bowel, difficulties with hearing and vision, and a higher risk of infections. However, everybody who has Down syndrome may be affected in different ways. Pablo Pineda, for example, a Spanish actor who won a Silver Shell Award in the San Sebastian Film Festival, was also the first person with Down syndrome in Europe to get a university degree. He now has two. Non-disjunction does occur with other chromosomes, but these usually result in miscarriage. This is less likely to happen with a 21st chromosome because it is relatively small. The Down syndrome mutation appears to occur in the production of over rather than sperm, and its incidence increases with the age of the mother. The chance increases from approximately one in several thousand in a teenage mother to one in a hundred in a 40 year old mother. In some countries, people who are pregnant are offered diagnostic genetic testing for Down syndrome. This can be done by blood tests or amniocentesis, which involves taking a sample of the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus in the uterus and looking at the number of chromosomes in those cells to see if any have the extra chromosome 21 for Down syndrome. Having the tests may be the choice of the parents and will allow them to be more prepared for a baby with Down syndrome or choose to have an abortion. In Iceland, this type of genetic screening is widespread and people are counseled when they have the test. Most choose abortion. This means that almost nobody is born with Down syndrome in Iceland. What do you think about this? The estimated incidence of Down syndrome is about one in 1,000 births worldwide. There are about 15,000 births per hour in the world. So how many people are born with Down syndrome each day in the world? Pause the video while you work it out. So now you know a little more about what Down syndrome is, what causes it and just how common it is. If you like the video give it a thumbs up and don't forget to subscribe. Comment below if you have any questions. Why not check out our Fuse school app as well. Until next time.


Hey, everybody. Oh, hi. It's me again. Michael Crenshaw. Thank you for sticking around. I think this is going to be a really exciting talk. So again, I'm Michael Crenshaw. This is Zach Oller. We both work for Intuit. We are on the team that runs Argo CD and Argo rollouts for Intuit. And this talk is about Space Age GitOps and how pull requests can help us think of the next generation, the next evolution of GitOps tooling and practice. The way I want you all to approach the talk is, this is very much a proposal. We are presenting a thought experiment. We're going to have some mockups about what we think GitOps could look like in the future. And we really need the expertise that you all bring to this room to tell us, are these ideas good? Are these ideas going to help you solve the problems that you have? So come to it with that mindset. I think it's exciting stuff, but we definitely need your help to make it as exciting as it possibly can be. So first, a little bit about Intuit. We are a financial services, financial software company in the US. We have products like TurboTax, QuickBooks help individuals do their financial stuff, help businesses do their financial work. And mine and Zach's role in Intuit is helping manage our internal developer platform, of which Argo CD is a massive part. The three numbers that I want to focus on are the number of teams we have, more than 1,000 developer teams, more than 2,000 services. And finally, across all of those services, we have about 44,000 Argo CD syncs a day. So that is between rolling out a new change, promoting that up through environments, a massive amount of Argo CD activity. So any change that we make to how that system works could have a huge impact on developer experience and velocity, which is our entire focus. So in order to improve how continuous deployment works, we need to understand the basic parts of it. And I think it roughly falls into these four categories. First, either a human or a system proposes a change. And for all of us, that change is Kubernetes manifest changes. Second, we deploy that change. And we use a GitOps operator like Argo CD to synchronize the change from a Git repository out to your live Kubernetes cluster. Third, we typically promote those changes through a series of environments. And in between the environments, you're going to have some either humans check and approve to go to the next level. Or ideally, you have some automation that is checking for you. Is this change safe? Can we move it along to production? Finally, if something goes wrong, you need a system to revert that change. And again, ideally, you want to have some automation that's like watching metrics, watching logs, and automatically moving you back to a previous known good state. Today, Argo CD and GitOps controllers in general focus on this deployment stage. And they're very, very good at it. Continuously reconciling your Git repository state out to your cluster. But they tend to not focus as much on these other areas. Now there are, as we heard in the keynote, spot solutions for some of these problems. But there's no unified common practice for how GitOps incorporates all these steps. So today, what Zach and I are going to present is what we think will be an awesome way using pull requests to unify this full experience under Argo CD. And we're going to start by talking about how GitOps works today. Again, Intuit does a massive number of deployments using GitOps.  And we're going to highlight pain points that we think a lot of people in this room are going to resonate with and recognize from their environments. Starting with proposing a change, it looks like this. In our GitHub enterprise, we, suppose I'm a new Intuit developer. And my first task is make a change to an application, make a change to some configuration for that app, and deploy it. I'm going to start here. I've made my changes to the app code. I've created a new image, image tag pushed it. And I'm changing something in my configuration, change from user group one to user group two. At this point, I would go to another developer on my team. And that would be Zach, a more senior developer, to review this change and help me get it out to production. So from here, Zach's going to describe what that process would look like. Yep. So as the PR reviewer for this, I tend to generally have a lot more questions that need to be asked and answered. One of the bigger issues with to figure management within Kubernetes is this idea of expansion. So a single line change in a Helm values file could end up being hundreds of lines of YAML output. Customize has variables, expansion, and a lot of the tools around config management within Kubernetes kind of has this expansion process. So when I look at this PR, I don't have a whole view of what's going on. I don't know what environments it's infected. We see that this is customized as an app base. This could affect multiple environments that aren't really clear by just looking at this PR. So generally what I would do is I go back to Mike and be like, hey, can you render this output for me? Can you show me what this looks like when it's installed? In order for Michael to go and do that, it's a pretty time consuming process. He has to go check out the main branch that's currently running, render it with customized build or whatever tool he's using. You see here, he's doing it for a very specific environment, which is dev. Go do the same thing for the proposed change and manually generate a diff, attach that diff to the PR. A pretty time consuming and error prone process. But at the end of the day, I get a diff in the PR that shows me the final output. And one of the things we can see is that we have the original online one, the single config map change. That expanded to also changing service selectors in the labels, which you can see when you're up at two. As a PR reviewer, that changes my mindset when I'm viewing the PR to spend more time on that particular piece because that has larger possible effects and causing outages, etc. So I want to do a more thorough job of reviewing that.  And what they do instead is they turn off auto sync on Argo CD, which is, you laugh, so lots of people do that. It's very true. I was going to raise hands and see how many people run auto sync. So that is one of the kind of big downfalls of what happens. You also get this idea of drift when you turn off auto sync.  And you forget about it. So you've committed your code to change. Argo CD is out of sync now, and you get interrupted to go do coffee, so you don't hit sync. Can you come back later? Now all of a sudden there's like three extra changes in there, and you have no idea what this is, right? There's this big drift between what's been committed to get and what Argo CD is wanting to deploy. So the diff view. You use Argo CD as a wonderful UI. You get a diff. You can see the exact same change that's been rendered. It's nice to not get off. It's got it's sharp edges all over the place. So yeah. So anyways, I've reviewed the PR now. It looks pretty good. The next phase of this is promotion, which I'm going to pass off to Michael. And he's going to kind of walk through his promoting this PR through to production. Yep. So the diff process wasn't awesome.  Not great. But we've gotten past it, and now we need to promote the change through the various environments dev test prod. So merge the PR and into it, that promotion process would look like this. You have a Jenkins pipeline. You're using your CI system to do a bunch of things that if you look at the view, I don't necessarily understand or care about as a developer. Platform specific details have leaks through this interface, and it leaves me somewhat confused. So I'm seeing things like transition, your tickets, code analysis. I have logs down at the bottom that are talking about archiving artifacts. Again, all I really care about is this one note up here, which says we're pushing this change to dev. And then I'm going to want to know when it goes to test and when it goes to prod. And what I'd love to have is an interface that lets me focus on just those things. When something goes wrong, this is the interface I get. Again, a bunch of nodes that I don't necessarily understand leaking platform details. And then logs down at the bottom are my only way of going and diagnosing, okay, what actually went wrong and how do I keep my chains to prod? I'm a new into it developer. I don't want to get fired. I want to get my chains to prod. So I go to the console output, and as you can see, 345 kilobytes of logs. That's 5,000 lines of changes or 5,000 lines of logs for this change. And it's just full of stuff that I don't necessarily understand. I see folks laughing. I know you've seen this in your CI systems. You're doing this with your CI systems, just hacking these promotions. And it's not a great user experience. So that's my experience of promoting. When something goes wrong, like we've seen in this slide, then we get to the stage of reverting the change. And Zach's going to walk you through that process. So that PR that we brought out did have a problem. We had some service selector changes, right? Which caused our traffic to black hole because there was no matching label change. So now what we want to do is try to get back to a healthy state as fast as possible. And to do that, you generally have kind of three-ish options. If you're using Argo rollouts, you have that option. And we'll focus on that a little bit. With Argo rollouts, Argo rollouts only understands today the pod spec change. So when Argo rollouts, if you were deploying your changes and analysis run would fail, it would roll back. It would roll back just the pod spec. But that doesn't actually solve the problem because the real error here was the service selector changes. So that experience could be improved. The other thing that people tend to do is use Argo CD's UI once again to history and deployments and go back and use Argo CD to do the revert. It solves the problem of not reverting the whole entire application. But this UI is lacking in user experience. You don't really know when the last healthy commit was. You don't know what was changed in that commit. It's a little bit harder to decipher.  So what the third option ends up being is, looks somewhat like the proposal step, is basically do it and get, right? We always do get up. So let's go to get and actually commit the reversion there and see what happens. So this is the revert for the reverting the broken changes. To review this, I have the exact same problems that I had during the proposal. I don't actually know that this is going to undo the service selector changes or any other configuration that might have been expanded. And so it's kind of error prone and time consuming to generate, you know, when you're in a broken state, you want to get back to healthy as soon as possible to go generate rendered outputs for all the environments and do that as a non-pleasant experience. So that's kind of the experience today. Proposing is genuinely to wholesome error prone. People have to generate these diffs if they want to see what's changed. Just doesn't work very well. Promoting is kind of a little bit more of a wild west. There isn't really a clear pattern. And people do Jenkins pipelines, bash scripts, manual. There's no real clearly defined way on how you should promote and get ups. And reverting suffers kind of a lot of the same problems that proposing does. It's just a lot of unknowns. You as the end user are doing the process. It's kind of in the dark, a lot of it. So let's take a look at kind of mind of Michael's proposal for a get ups workflow of the future. We will set up the exact same situation. Michael has asked me to review this PR. It's a simple PR. There's a label change in a config map and an image bump. So however, this experience now as this reviewer, I would come back to the PR and the big difference we have this time is some Argo controller came along and you'll see gave me a comment on my PR that has all the environments that were affected by this particular change along with diffs that we can kind of do the auto rendering for. So I will come in and I will click on one of the diffs for one of the environments. I get the exact same diff that Michael had to generate by hand in a much more repeatable, concise, fast way. I can see that the same changes happen. There's service electors, all that stuff is great. I kind of fully understand the PR now. So the next step is we'll have Michael promote it. Yeah. And I've highlighted this hash that was generated when we merged the pull request because that's the unit that I'm going to be promoting. It's get ops. I'm promoting a get hash. And this is what the user interface is going to look like for it. Not a Jenkins pipeline, just the GitHub pull request interface. And what's happened automatically the moment we merged that pull request is three PRs were opened. One has already been merged. It is the PR which is promoting the change to development. There aren't any prerequisites in the dev environment. And now we have test and prod waiting. Those little yellow circles you may recognize in the get up interface, that just means we still have checks running. So something needs to happen before these PRs get merged and before we move to test and prod. So let's look at the test PR. Along the top line, you're going to see that this is a PR against the test branch from the test next branch. The contents of that branch is just flat manifest files. They've already been rendered by customized. And if I hit the diff button on this PR, I'm going to see the exact diff that Zach just looked at. I know what I'm actually promoting now and I can see it and I have confidence as a developer what's going to happen when this gets merged. Second bit, as you see, Argo has given me a nice little description of what this is. And third and most exciting, you've got these checks. First, we ran a check that said is there a deployment freeze in effect? If there had been one in effect, then this check would have failed and we wouldn't be allowed to auto merge this PR. That's standing in for whatever checks you want. It could be you write your own check to say you have to have a service now ticket and it has to be approved by a manager. It could be security checks running security scans on the manifests, whatever. But that's the first check that we're running. Two that we get for free from Argo CD are the prerequisite environments are synced and prereq environments are healthy. This is what's preventing this PR from being merged and going to test. The dev environment has been synced, but our commit hash isn't healthy there yet. So the moment that becomes healthy will merge. If I hit the details button on this check to see why the environment isn't healthy yet or to investigate further, an environment something like this is what we'll get. And this is a very rough mock. This imagine this changing significantly, but the basic ideas are here. We have the dev environment that is still progressing. We're trying to get to the BF 14 14 B commit hash there. Tests and prod are healthy, but they're on a different commit, the previous commit. Between each environment, we've got a pull request representing the state where we are going to merge that and that's going to cause the promotion to occur. And then for each PR, we've got a list of the different checks that prevent us from moving on to the next stage. Before we go to prod, I've got a CR approval. So I'm just showing that you can have a variety of checks. Every single thing in this interface is CD related. We're not mixing the concerns of CI and CD. And every single thing ties directly to a Git concept that your developers already know, love, and understand. If I hit the environments dev button, it takes me to GitHub. I see my branch. If I hit the PR button, I go to a PR. If I hit one of these checks, I go to the PR and see the check in my list. All Git concepts that people are already familiar with. But even in this bright new future where everything is Git concepts, things go wrong. And this is what it would look like if the dev environment had an issue and we needed to revert. It's again, it's just a PR. It's just standard Git stuff that gets opened automatically. And we get this button that we can click and go look at that experience. So Zach will walk us through what the rest of the revert experience now looks like. Yeah. So instead of having to make the choices between what three versions of how I want to roll back, I automatically just got a PR opened up for me.  If I were to view the diff here, I would instantly get to see what I'm undoing, right? And when you're in a time of pressure and things are broken and trying to get back, having a clear idea of what's going to happen when you smash merge is good. One of the only real difference between this and the promotion process is generally there's no checks enabled on it because it was driven by whatever health of your environment is. So reverting, fast, easy, painless, I was clear of what was happening. It's kind of nice. So the new system that we're kind of proposing here is proposing was generally really clear, right? During that whole process, I knew what was happening. I didn't have to go back and forth with Michael and I was doing the PRs. I had a hydrated version right in the PR that I'm familiar with. Promoting, everything was in get, right? The state of all my environments. I just had to go look at the environment branches and see what version it was running, what the configuration was, etc. And when problems do arise, I'm still in the know and I have automatic PR generated. That's just a quite a nice user experience. And if I were to boil down sort of the thesis of this talk, it is in a GitOps environment, Git should be your interface and not just your database. Your developers are already familiar with Git. That's where they write their code. They're already familiar with your SCM. That's where they get code reviews and collaborate with their coworkers. And there's also just this massive ecosystem of things that integrate with Git and with your SCMs. So you can take advantage of that knowledge that already exists in your developers, the massive Git ecosystem, and use Git primitives to do GitOps and avoid introducing new and confusing concepts or mixing concerns between CI and CD. So that's the thesis. Again, this is just a proposal. This is a set of concepts. If you go to that QR code, you're going to get three links. One is to review this talk. So do that first. Be sure to give us an awesome rating and tell us what you liked about the talk. Second is a link to a proposal in GitHub. It's still in a very early stage. We've written out CRD manifests that we're proposing, new controllers, the basic architecture is there. But what we need from you all is to read the proposal and make sure that this would actually solve the problems that you have. Let us know of any concerns you have about the basic ideas. And then finally, we have a link to a Slack channel where you can, it's just about space age GitOps, where we can discuss these concepts and you can give us feedback. And so with that, ready for questions. Thank you so much. Yes. There's mics up, like over there in the hallway. So if you want to queue up for the questions, there's one there. Yeah. Two mics on the aisle. And then one here, so. Yeah. So folks find these two mics so that other people can hear your question if you have questions. I know you'll have to kind of shuffle out the end of your row. But yeah, there you go. Hey. Hey. Hey. Han from AT&T. Got a question about cargo and how it interacts with your vision. Sure. Yeah. So so cargo is tackling a lot of similar problems. I think the fundamental difference between what we've discussed here and how cargo approaches the problem is cargo is approaching a world where folks are already mixing these concerns. They're using customized set image tag to bump an image number in a CI pipeline. They're using Helm template to inject a new image tag. I think that by returning to sort of the primitives of Git, we can supplant a lot of the mess that we're dealing with right now in these CI pipelines and avoid the need to even use sort of complex pipelines, a new user interface, new CRDs to represent these concepts. Instead, we can use existing Git concepts to think about our promotion and reversion strategies. So I don't think that they're necessarily opposed to each other inherently. I think that they could even coexist and really complement each other in certain environments. And there are some environments where you've got, you need cargo, like you're going to need the ability to do the customized set image tag. But that won't be every environment. And I think that this has some advantages with this set of tooling as well. It's a good question. Thank you. Yes. Oh, hi. You're proposing branch per environment? Not branch per environment. This is going to be the main question we get. So I want to clarify the heck out of this right now. Still directory per environment, but that is in the dry manifests. The don't repeat yourself, your Helm template with your values file, your customized overlays, in there each environment gets a directory. So that's the human interface and the problems with branch per environment are a human problem. People get frustrated dealing with these branches. It's a difficult mental model. So you're going to have your humans interacting with the directories. There will be automation that pushes to branches. And there are reasons why that's preferable for the humans as well. If I want to know what happened in dev, I look at the commit list for the dev rendered manifest branch. I can see diffs between whichever commits I want. So yeah, it's an excellent question. We're still sticking with directories for environments. Good. That's good. But are those in the same repository then? Or is it the same repository? I don't think we've nailed down necessarily, whether you might have a place where you want to render out to a separate repository. I'm not sure yet. I think for the one, you keep them in the same repo. All right. And I think that means that we have to be done with Q&A. Is that what that means? Okay. We have to be done into it. Has an open source happy hour tonight. Come talk to us. Will, we can talk with you some more. Also see us at the booths. Thank you so much.


What are the potential risks and benefits of the ancient practice of oil pulling, in which oil is swished or pulled between the teeth for like 15 minutes and spit out? There are wild, unsubstantiated claims online, and even in the medical literature. I can believe it's good exercise for your tongue and cheek muscles, but healing all organs simultaneously? That statement seems a bit of a tongue and cheek exercise right there. Experts in the British Medical Journal expressed surprise, reading that swishing some oil around in the mouth could effectively treat diseases like meningitis, heart kidney hormone disorders, oh, did I mention cancer, AIDS, etc.? Look it may help in some way, but for things to enter into evidence-based medicine, we actually need a little something called evidence, without being distracted by illusory effects ascribed by their advocates, especially when another set of respondents shared their experience of a case of severe inflammatory gingivitis that worsened after oil pulling. She stopped and it got better. They were thinking maybe some of the oil got like stuck under her gums, regardless, maybe people should hold off until we actually have some evidence. Thankfully, there's a center for evidence-based medicine at Oxford that recently compiled all the controlled trials. Why is it so important there's a control group? Because maybe the reported declines in gingivitis and plaques with oil pulling are just because in the study they had dentists looking over their shoulders with constant check-ups, so maybe the study subjects just up their brushing and flossing game. This is the kind of study we need no changes before and after in the control group, but a drop in plaque and gingivitis scores in the oil pulling group. That's more like it. Okay, so there does seem to be an effect. But what do those numbers mean? When you test a new drug, it's not enough to show it works better than nothing, better than a sugar pill. What you ideally want to know is does the new drug work better than the current best drug out there for the same condition? Otherwise, what's the point of a new therapy? That's why drug companies are often forced to use so-called active controls, comparing their drug not just compared to nothing, a placebo, but head-to-head against the leading drug. Here, oil pulling is compared to doing nothing. How about oil pulling compared to chlorhexidine in antiseptic chemical used in Medicated Mouth Watch, which is considered to be a gold standard in the fight against plaque, cavities, and gingivitis? So here we go. Ladies and gentlemen, in one corner we have oil pulling, and the other, chlorhexidine, measuring their ability to lower the number of cavity-producing bacteria on people's teeth. And chlorhexidine worked faster, significant drop within just 24 hours, whereas it took a week for the oil pulling to really start working. But by two weeks, the oil pulling may end up just as efficacious as the gold standard. In fact, they appeared to work so similarly. Skeptical me is critically thinking, wait a second, maybe it's just the physical act of swishing that disrupts the plaque? It would have been cool if they included it to a third group that just swished with water. And they did. And swishing with water had no effect. Now, it wasn't exactly fair. They had the oil pulling group swishing for 10 minutes, whereas the other two groups only swished for one. And so, for all we know, swishing with water for 10 minutes might be as good as the oil. And one could look at this and argue that chlorhexidine actually worked 10 times better since it got the same effect swishing for one-tenth of the time. But chlorhexidine has side effects, potentially serious side effects, like painful desquamation, meaning peeling of the mucus membranes in your mouth, as well as discoloration of the teeth or tongue. So oil has certain benefits over commercially available mouth rinses, its nonchemical, non-alcoholic, low-cost, and non-staining, yet the effectiveness is unclear. But wait, oil pulling has been shown to significantly drop the number of cavity-causing bacteria on the teeth. Yeah, but does that translate out into actual, fewer cavities? That's what we really care about, but it hasn't been studied. They did pair up oil pulling versus chlorhexidine against plaque and gingivitis, and did find they were both able to help to a similar degree, and plaque-induced gingivitis is a reasonable predictor of future dental health, thereby explaining the Oxford's center conclusion that oil pulling may indeed have beneficial effects on oral and dental health.