Live from San Francisco, it's theCUBE covering RSA Conference 2020 San Francisco brought to you by SiliconANGLE Media. Hey, welcome back everyone, it's theCUBE's coverage here in San Francisco, the Moscone South. We're here at the RSA Conference. I'm John Furrier, your host of theCUBE. You know, cybersecurity is now a global phenomenon but companies have to move at the speed of business which now is at the speed of the potential attacks. This is a new paradigm shift, new generation of problems that have to be solved and companies solving them. We have a hot startup here that's growing. Hazel Cast, the CEO of Kelly Harrell, is here. Cube alumni, great to see you. Good to see you, John. Hey, so we know each other, you've been on before. You know networking, you know compute, you know the industry. You're now the CEO of Hazel Cast. So first of all, what does Hazel Cast do? And then we can get into some of the cool things. Well, Hazel Cast is an in-memory compute platform. So we're kind of a neutral platform. You write your applications to us. We sit in front of things like databases and streaming sources and we execute applications at microsecond speeds which is really, really important as we move more and more toward digital and AI. So basically when time matters, when time is money, people buy Hazel Cast. So I got to ask you, you're an industry inventor. You can do a lot of different things. You can run any companies you want. Why Hazel Cast? What attracted you to this company? What was unique about it that got your attention and what made you join the firm? Well, when I first started looking at it and realized that a hundred of the world's largest companies are their customers. And this company really was kind of a run silent, run deep company. A lot of people didn't know about it. I could not, I had this dissonance. Like how can this possibly be the case? Well, it turns out that if you go into the Java developer world, the name is like Kleenex. Everybody knows Hazel Cast because of the open source adoption of it which has gone viral a long, long time ago. So once I started realizing what they had and why people were buying it, then I looked at that problem statement. The problem statement is really increasing with digitization. So the more things are speeding up, the more applications have to perform at really, really low latency. So there was this big, big growth market opportunity and Hazel Cast clearly had the drop on the market. So I got to ask you, so we're at RSA and I mentioned on my intro here, the speed of business has always been kind of the IT kind of cliche. Moving at the speed of business. But now business has to move at the speed of how to react to some of the large scale things, whether it's compute power, cloud computing, and obviously cyber is a tax and a response. How do you view that? How are you guys attacking that problem? Well, you know, it's funny. I think the first time I truly understood security was the day that I was shopping for a home safe. Because I realized that all of these safes, they all were competing on one of the common metric, which is the mean time to break it. You had one job. And all you can tell me is that it's going to happen eventually. So the kind of the scales got peeled off my eyes and I realized that when it comes to security, the only common factor is elapsed time. And so the elapsed time is what matters. And then the second thing is that time is relative. It's relative to the speed of the attack. If I'm just trying to protect my goods in a safe, the elapsed amount of time is how long it can take for the bad guy to break into the safe. But now we're working at digital speeds. So you take a second, break that down to a thousand. That's a milliseconds. It takes 300 milliseconds to blink. Now we're working at microsecond speeds. And we're finding that there are just a really rapidly growing number of transactions that have to perform at that scale and that speed. It may have escaped people completely, but card processing, credit card debit card processing, ever done on you that that's an IoT application now?  They have three milliseconds to decide whether or not they're going to approve that. And now with using Hazelcast, they not just handle it within that three milliseconds, but they also are running multiple fraud detection algorithms in that same window. Okay, so I get it now. That's why the in memory becomes critical. You can't do it unless you're in memory. You've got to be in memory. Okay, so I got to ask the next logical question, which is, okay, I get that. It makes a lot of sense, and I want to dig into that in a second, but let's go to the application developer. Okay, I'm doing DevOps. I'm doing cloud. I'm cool, right? So now you just wake me up and say, wait a minute, I'm not dealing with nanosecond latency. What do I do? How do applications respond to that kind of attack velocity? Well, it's not an evolution. So the application is written to Hazelcast. It's very, very simple to do. There are 60 million Hazelcast cluster starts every month. So people out in the wild are doing this all day long. We're really big in the Java developer community, but not only Java. And so it's very, very straightforward with how to write your application and point it at Hazelcast instead of pointing it at the database behind us. So that part is actually very, very simple. All right, so take me through. I get the market space you're going after. Makes total sense. You're running, I think, the right way, in my opinion. Business model, product, how are you guys organized? Do people sign up for development? Are they on the development side? Who's your buyer? What's the business look like? Share Hazelcast 101. Yeah, yeah, so we're an open core model, meaning the core engine is open sourced and fully downloadable and free to use. The additional functionality is the commercial aspect of it, which tend to be features that are used when you're really going into sensitive and large-scale deployments. So the developers have access to, they just come to hazelcast.org and join the community that way. The people that we engage with are everyone from the developer all the way up through the architect and then the C-level member who's charged with standing up whatever this new capability is. So we talk up and down that chain. We're a very, very technical company, but we've got a very, very powerful ROI on us. So what's the developer makeup look like? Is it a software developer? Is it an engineer? So what's the makeup of the developer engineer? They're core application developers. A lot in Java, increasingly in .NET, as ML and AI are coming on, we're getting a lot of Python. So it's developers with that skill set. And they're basically writing an application that they're, basically their division is specified. So if we need this new application, it could be a new application for customer engagement, an application for fraud detection, an application for stock trading, anything that's super, super time-sensitive. And they select us and they build on us. So you have the in-memory solution for developers. Take me through the monetization on the open cores. Is it services? Is it consultant? It's a subscription, it's a subscription model. So we are paid on an annual basis for full use of the software. And however large the installation gets is a function that basically determines what the price is. And then it's just renewed annually. Awesome. Good subscriptions, good economics. It is. What about the secret sauce? What's under the covers? Can you share what the magic is? Or is it proprietary? Is it math? It's hard core computer science. It really is what it is. And that is actually what is in the core engine. But I mean, we've got PhDs on staff. We're tackling some really, really hard problems. You know, I can build anything in memory. I can make a spreadsheet in memory. I can make a word processor in memory. The question is, how good is it? How fast is it? How scalable, how resilient? So those of you saying speed, resilience, and scale are the foundation. And it took the company years and years to be able to master this. That's an asymptotic attempt. And you're never at the end of that. But we've got, you know, the most resilient system. It doesn't go down. It can't go down because our customers lose millions for every second that it's down. So it can't go down. It's got to scale. And it's got to be low latency no matter what. Which customers do you guys have right now? Can you talk about the public references and why they're using Hazelcast? And what do they say about it? Yeah, I mean, we've got a hundred of the largest. Financial services is about 60% of our revenue. E-commerce is another 20%, large cell codes. Another chunk there. It's just a lot of IOPS, type companies, right? Yeah, basically. So you know, in the financial services, it's all the names that you would know. Every logo in your wallet is probably one of our customers, as an example. Massive banks, card processors. We don't get to talk about very many of them, but you know, something like National Bank of Australia, Capital One, you can let your mind run there. Our largest customer has over a trillion dollar market cap. There's only a few that meet that criteria, so I'll let you sort on that one. I think I'm thinking that one out. One of the three. All right, so what's next for you guys? Give the quick plug on the company. Really appreciate the insights. I think in memory's hot. What are you guys looking to do? What's your growth strategy? What's your priorities as CEO? Yeah, well, we just raised a $50 million round, which is a very, very significant round. And we're putting that to work aggressively. We just came off the biggest quarter in the company's history. So we're really on fire right now. We've established a very strong technology partnership with Intel, including especially because of their AI initiatives, because we power a lot of AI applications. IBM has become a strategic partner. They're now reselling Hazelcast. So we've got a bunch of wind in our sales right now. Coming into this year, what we're going to be doing is really delivering a full-blown in-memory compute platform that can process stored and streaming data simultaneously. Nothing else on the planet can do that. We're finding some really innovative applications, and we're just really, really working on market penetration right now.  Yeah, yeah, yeah. I mean, applications have to now respond. It's almost like a whole new SLA for application requirement. Yeah, it is. I mean, the bad guys are moving at digital speed. You know, if you have important apps that are affected by that, you better get ahead of that. You could be doing that, by the way. You could be doing that on your own premise, or you could be doing it in the cloud with the managed service that we've also stood up. Well, soon we'll get theCUBE in memory. Here we go. We're there, we'll be happy. Kelly, congratulations on the funding. Looking forward to tracking you, we'll follow up and check in with you guys. Congratulations, awesome. Thanks for coming on. Appreciate it. Okay, it's CUBE Coverage here in San Francisco, the Moscone. I'm John Furrier, thanks for watching.


Let me just start to talk about, you know, this, this, AgriS network. So AgriS network is, is a collaborative network of organizations, which makes, you know, the AgriS exists by sharing the bibliographic records in this, you know, in this big, you know, sphere. And basically the network is the community behind the AgriS database. And there are actually two key points or two key elements that I should be underlying while speaking about AgriS network, which they have already actually touched in the first hour. And I was saying that AgriS network, sorry, the, this, you know, collaborative, you know, network of organizations is the community actually behind AgriS database. And these organizations, they are actually just, you know, sharing their bibliographic records of the scholarly outputs or any other research outputs that they produce, and they actually make AgriS exist in the end. And I was trying to, and I was trying to underline that these two key elements, you know, in the network when we are talking about it, and one of them is the multilingualism, and the other ones, the equitable representation of different communities, different languages from all over the world, but especially from the global south. This is particularly important for AgriS because we really believe that this brings the diversity in terms of this landscape that we actually create with AgriS. And I will touch upon, you know, these things a bit later in a bit more detail. But we, you know, we kept saying that, you know, not everything has been, sorry, has been produced in the agricultural sciences, especially in the pure literature, or in the journal articles, but we really try to go beyond that. And, and we also try to go beyond English dominant, you know, scholarly communications. So I just wanted to reinforce here that AgriS network itself is a key, key element to ensure that AgriS is a database contained and, you know, continue to provide a diverse content from relevant stakeholders from different stakeholders in the community. Perhaps one last thing to say here is that, like Ima said, AgriS has a long history. It has been around, you know, for about 48 years. That is quite a long time. So since it started, it really evolved. It changed a lot. There has been many revisions. And in the last few years, what we are trying to do is also revisit this, this concept, revisit the AgriS network, and we are trying to reconnect with the data providers itself. Obviously, when we are talking about AgriS network, there is also the users. We always put users, you know, separately here, but obviously our AgriS users are as important as the network. And what it happens is that so our data provider organizations are channeling the communication with these local communities and local needs and local users. So, you know, between the FAO's AgriS team and themselves and the users, so that actually we can feed AgriS services and improvements and all the decisions make based on their needs. And that, therefore, you know, their feedback is very, very important to us and all these continuous improvements are also thanks to the users, obviously. I'm just checking whether any other points that I wanted to make it this on this slide. Right. So we work with the organizations, but also as well as, you know, the users just to say. Let me just move to these, you know, why questions. If you ask, you know, I'm directly a few questions about why to become a part of AgriS. Overall, the main benefits are AgriS itself and AgriS network joining the network is a free thing. And by contributing to AgriS with their bibliographic records, with their research outputs to organizations benefiting from being part of a dynamic international network with a focus on the agricultural content, which is very much accessible, intensively used, we saw this on the Google's analytics so far, and it's massively distributed, and we've seen that on the maps in the global information landscape. And they are all in the network, our partners, I also say, these organizations are jointly contributing to the international science. They're exchanging information data sets between different countries, regions, stakeholders, and this also makes this obviously increasing the visibility to the broader international audience in the scholarly landscape. They are sharing the sharing unit materials. We already mentioned the great literature and also all the, you know, the research outputs, you know, beyond this period of literature. And also there are unpublished scientific technical reports, governmental publications, conference materials, data sets and so on. So they are able to share these things to this network. So here I'm talking about more specific benefits to the organizations, but also the collections of their of these organizations. AgriS increases the visibility of these partner organizations in the network at the global level. I will try to be specific and what it means. I will talk about this when we talk about this visibility in my later slides. On the second level, it also increases the usage of the institutional research outputs, because not only visibility at the organizational profiles in the networks, but we also give spotlight, we do spotlight the institutional collections. Since infrastructure, the technical ability and the capability at the back end, it enables all the discoverability on the web. We talked about the Google Analytics, but in the same way in all actually search engines with the infrastructure actually functionalities in AgriS really increases this discoverability, level of discoverability. It offers multilinguality, I will go into a bit more detail in that, but AgriWalk, the multinational multilingual Tessara's input on agriculture, we are using that at the back end to create that multilinguality. And AgriS itself is creates just a knowledge sharing network between among the members and also, and also between the FAO and the network itself. And it also creates great opportunities for further collaborations. Again, not only between the FAO and these partners, but also we also have, we also know great example of these collaborations between the institutions within the network. We briefly talked about this, but when you go back to the earlier years in the AgriS network, look at this map from the 1978, we were looking at this several weeks ago and thinking about how we expanded since then and how actually AgriS evolved since then. Because when you look at this map, the first thing is that you see all these new green areas, it's well spread by then even, but the main difference was by then there was only one organization connected to AgriS inter-country. But when you look at the same picture today, as Emma showed us before, she used this slide before, there are actually now 447 data providers from many different countries and there are many in one country. You can also see like, yeah, we already mentioned there are more than 20 data providers in the brown areas, there are between 10 and 20 data providers in the green areas. This goes on and on and on. We also have some pending applications, I will also touch upon that a little bit later with some reasoning while they are actually waiting. I wanted to just reinforce this user statistics, especially when it comes to why questions. We received, AgriS received quite high user statistics and this is like from the current numbers are about 10 million page. We use the yearly and in this graphic you see the comparison between the two quarters of the years from 2020 and 2021. And what it shows to you is that there is, you know, 22% increase in the users. There are new users, you know, coming and visiting AgriS 23%. There are 14% more sessions have been opened. Maybe this could also be an flight answer to the questions whether pandemic and all this in the online environments that we have to work from also forced us to do to use more actual online resources. This could also be the reason, but there's a there's a great increase. When it comes to benefits, our active members really benefit from this high use at all of our data providers and members either active or non active, they are actually benefiting from this high use. But obviously our active members make more of these usage in their own local environment so I will try and give a little bit information about that. Another beauty about these statistics, each of our data providers have access to their institutional statistics, and they can assess the impact and the usage. And they can, you know, they can actually make decisions informed decisions based on these statistics. If they want to, some of them they do we know that they can also report at their organizations whether this partnership between AgriS network and FAO makes any, you know, positive impact or negative impact or what to improve in the long run. This just gives you more data to play with in terms of the partnership with the AgriS network in the AgriS network. Right. So, we said that AgriS evolved a lot, because you know it has a long history and the AgriS network since we started, you know, it just went through quite a lot of, you know, changes. And there has been some kind of renovation, we should also say, but AgriS network is what, as I already described, this is the community of the organizations but not individuals. Organizations, they collect and contribute their research outputs about food and agriculture literature, but also they participate in the knowledge sharing activities. So, currently, these two big chunk of responsibilities only contributing with, you know, by sharing the bibliographic records and also participating in the knowledge sharing activities. They create a different, different set of responsibilities or the task, if you like, in the network. That's why we have two elements, we have everybody or all the organizations are data providers, but we also have different concepts or separate concepts as country helps, which is something new, but I will explain why we say new in a way. Let's look at the data providers in a bit more detail. So we said, these are the organizations and they are contributing with the metadata or bibliographic records in another term to the content of the AgriS, to the AgriS database. And these data providers could be research centers, they could be academic institutions, there was a question from one of our participants today, whether academic institutions can be part of it or not. They're happy to have universities and academic institutions in the network. There are many, many public issues. For example, with these, we have development research programs, international and national organizations within the network. You can actually go and check these things yourself and I will try to make a point how to do this on the AgriS portal. So country helps, so let's look at them in a bit more focused and detailed way. Again, our country helps are also data providers, but they also act as a focal point for AgriS at country and regional level. Usually, it happens at the country level, but we also have some fantastic, very active country helps. They also work in their regions, you know, collaborating with others from different countries. They are also known, these country helps known as National AgriS Centers. This is this may be quite important when we say the National AgriS Centers, they actually existed, you know, since we started from 1974. Again, this role and these responsibilities really evolved over time. And some of them even disappeared and some of them actually took more and different roles in where they are operates. And some of them great, we are very much appreciating that and they're just contributing to the AgriS database itself. The country helps are now responsible these, you know, additional roles that they take, they promote AgriS in their countries, they guide eligible partners existing and the potential ones in joining AgriS network. Sorry, yeah, in joining AgriS network and also in submitting information about the resources. Again, we say description of the resources and the metadata. They also coordinate capacity development activities. Again, they may not always, you know, do these couples to developments themselves. Sometimes they do collaborate with us. Sometimes they do collaborate with other countries or with other stakeholders within their countries, but we are happily working with them very closely around these activities. I will try to give you a couple of examples from that. For instance, here, there are country helps very fantastic, you know, active country helps they are organizing local events, webinars to facilitate this knowledge sharing. As I said, sometimes we are being part of them, part of them, we are trying to support the information that they can disseminate today users or to local communities. And some of the recent examples, especially in the last quarter of 2020 and also in this year, for instance, State Agrarian University of Moldova organize a roundtable that's a high level roundtable to encourage researchers and institutions in Moldova. To use our grace, not only as information resource but also about how they can actually become agris data providers. Another great example was from Georgia. Our data provider Institute taking for me off Georgian Technical University, they gathered institutions organizations from different countries, including Albania, Bosnia, and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Republic of North Macedonia, Ukraine, Armenia, Moldova for a two day artisan art agro workshop. And so we are so happy to see these knowledge sharing activities across the network and we're happy to be part of it, we're happy to promote these things ourselves in the agris network. So these are just two examples but there are more about them so on the agris portal you might also, you know, explore more of those things and we are happy to share that on our newsletters etc. I will also point that out how to see these news ourselves. Let's move from those knowledge sharing activities we said. We also, you know, now we say agris network is also undertaking activities about capacity development. This is quite important because especially in terms of sustaining this successful, you know, activities and or whatever success or whatever lessons that we learned within the network. This capacity development activities takes place so that we can either create awareness, or we can actually, we can actually gain. We can actually build the competences, you know, in other people in other organizations so that they can, you know, learn from these experiences, and from these lessons and they can do more with them. So that's why these activities take place regularly in the network. Hopefully one day they will also be in person, but at the moment it's mainly virtually. This is to strengthen this collaboration among the members, create new opportunities to work together and to learn from each other. So for knowledge sharing and build competences, as I said. So these these channels, you know, are used for capacity development changes and it's quite, you know, diverse. We use the annual meetings like today to tell you what we are doing and how you can benefit from the network and from the database and how we can work together. We can also use or we do use webinar sessions. We have community calls. We do work and create guidelines and publications for our network members. Sometimes even together with them because they are great help, especially translating these publications and guidelines in their own languages and that is that is really crucial to work beyond our, you know, well known or dominant in our languages. And just one last, you know, something to enforce. So there's this knowledge sharing in the Argus network exchange of experience and learning from each other within the network are the key element for our community and we do our best to keep and support that process and activities. This is a little bit, a little news and actually big news but hopefully it will also materialize, you know, towards the end of the year but we wanted to share this news with you. FAO has a great experience in, a long experience in online training programs and we told, we should really move some of these training activities into these, you know, online mini programs and this is basically to increase and strengthen the knowledge sharing among the network organizations. There'll be just a new layer of these in a couple is the development program. If this is to be released in last quarter of the year, probably around, you know, November, December, and these mini online training programs will be self-paced focused topics. And these topics will include how to use Argus effectively, how to enhance the metadata quality and how to use vocabularies like Agrawalk in your digital collections. And hopefully we will be piloting this at the end of this year and when we are piloting before and after and during this pilot, we are just looking forward to get your feedback to improve that and release it fully in the next year. Right. We do also in the network, a lot of outreach and communication activities. And if you look at the portal, you may wonder about these different terminologies. When I say Agris portal, I'm talking about the Agris, sorry FAO.org slash Agris. That is the place that you can actually find everything about Agris, Agris network and Agris database. You can see the news or Agris network in your Arduino guidance. But this portal offers an environment for the network members to share their news, like I showed before to you from Moldova and Georgia examples. And their events with the wider community. They can also access guides and help pages to become a data provider and how to contribute. They can also follow the latest activities of Agris. Let's look at them a bit more closely. Agris portal, you can see the latest news, for instance, I don't know whether you can actually see my mouse going over them, but there's also a sign up icon just to sign up for the for the newsletter to stay up to date. There are latest activities, there are latest news, and there's also video playlist that you may be interested to see you know what has been recorded or what maybe now was available on that playlist. You can see under the activity tab, you should also be able to see all the publications, all the meetings and webinars, like we pointed out, you know, with the arrows here. So if you have any, again, within the Agris, for Agris database to create a variance for your users or any collaboration within the network. If you have any news item like this, we would be, we would be so happy actually to publish them on the on the Agris portal so please get in touch with them with us if you haven't done that yet. I mentioned that, but this guides and publications, but our ourselves, we do create, you know, for our organizations guides and publications, and we work very closely with these active country hubs to translate these publications, for instance, I have here a user guide example translated into Armenian and Georgian. So this is actually creates great things to especially when you are communicating with your local communities. Right. I think this is my last slide, but what I want to say here so up to up to here what I try to describe to you what Agris network is, what are the different layers. But layers, but actually different roles. If you want to do more than just contributing the research outputs and the bibliographic records in the Agris database, but if you want to become a focal point, do more knowledge sharing activities or open programs and work with us for more. And we're happy to actually hear from you. On the other hand, we are trying to channel all the names with you, especially through the this this Agris group mailing list to stay up to date. So just join us if you're not already on this list, our all data providers actually is part of this list, but beyond that anybody is interested in what is happening in the Agris network, or about the Agris database any of the improvements, either at the technical side or the user interface, etc. So we are actually sharing these names on the Agris, the group state. Right here I will just in my, sorry, sorry, no, actually I'm just going ahead with myself. I'm sorry. Just one last couple of things that I would like to share and underline, you have great testimonials from our data providers active data providers. For instance, here what you see a quote from Serbia, our fantastic colleague Marina and the judges from Matika Sirska library, Serbia. Let me just read that for you first. She said, in Serbia, we primarily use Agris to share and spread scientific agricultural information from our country, both in full text and metadata. Sorry. I think this is a great quote in terms of underlying the, especially just, you know, having all metadata and the full text itself, you know, in this in this Agris and the importance of that. And secondly, indeed, here is another, you know, great quote from Belarus, our colleague Veronica Babarka, I'm really sorry for my poor pronunciation. She's from Belarus Agricultural Library. We have a great collaboration with them and she said Agris is a service that allows the import of global information in agricultural and food sciences for Belarusian science scientists, specialists and practicals. At the same time, Agris is a service that allows the export of Belarusian scientific knowledge in the fields of agriculture, forestry, food and natural resources into the global information space. This is particularly important for us because this is also where it where Agris becomes a hybrid, you know, service. We usually talk about Agris as a service provider, but in case of, for instance, Belarus Agricultural Library, Agris is also is also acting as a data provider because they are exposing their research output directly in the Agris, and we are happy to provide them actually this infrastructure. That's why it is quite important. So, now I will invite Emma to take over from me to introduce our panelists and our guest speakers here. Right. So thank you so much, because you might need to pin me, otherwise people will not see me. I will, I will just do that. So, I would like to welcome Roswellia Gomez, if she's the director of the National Center for Agricultural Information and Documentation Sanita of the National Agrarian University of Nicaragua. This is Roswellia Gomez, who is the deputy director at the Republic Scientific Agricultural Library of the State Agrarian, Agrarian University of Nicaragua. To both of them. Yes, we'll come. So if I have the chance to bring them to the screen. I will just stop my share screen. I'm sorry. Right. So, yeah, I see already. I'm just doing this. Good morning to all of you. I would like to thank FAU for being organizing this event, a very important event for the agricultural sector of our country. And especially Emma, right, for having invited me in this space. And I want to take this opportunity to share with you what we are doing in Central America. And how this can be an opportunity to participate in agribusiness. Well, this system was remembering when I was talking to you that the records were sent in formats before, right? And they were also sent in CD. And the reality of things is that Senida has been a member of agribusiness for many years, right? But certainly, this system has changed a lot, has evolved a lot. Well, I would like to share with you that this conference brings us a lot of challenges. And it brings us a lot of challenges, especially in Latin America and Central America countries. This is because, in this sense, Nicaragua has come to develop a collaborative work with the Nicaraguan network of information and agrarian documentation of Nicaragua. But we are also participating in other important space at the level of Central America as is the Central American documental information system. And a product of this system, we have guaranteed a Central American repository that for us we consider a treasure. A treasure because 18 public universities in Central America are currently participating. And that this has really been an effort. In the same way, we also have many years and we are members of the CIDAL Alliance, which is coordinated by the Costa Rica League. And these are spaces where Central America is really visible. And I plan it because as a member of these spaces at the national and regional level, it has allowed us to develop very specific products that we can share with this system. And the other important thing is that these products have been conceived with a vision of sharing information and really managing the knowledge. Today, as I said, we have a Central American repository. The other thing is that also working online means a lot of commitment and consistency. This is what has allowed and this is also the example of Agris, because really, because 47 years is a lot. It is a lot because you really see all organized work coordinated and certainly the support of FAO is important in these initiatives to be able to continue to strengthen it. Agris is a global network that has gone through several stages. And obviously with the support of FAO, it has been able to lead with professionalism the management of information at a global level. And then in this last year, Agris has revolutionized amazingly. And as the motto of the conference says, we are not going to win hunger if we do not share knowledge. And to give life to this motto, we have to look for strategies to integrate into other countries and strategies that allow us to really be able to overcome that barrier, maybe the language, maybe technological difficulties that we can have, even the lack of knowledge of this type of initiative, because this raises challenges in the sense that we have to promote this type of initiative at the level of our countries. And at the level of our countries so that the scientific production of our countries is visible to the world. And Agris gives us this space, this space that seems to me to be very important. Something I also see as a main challenge is that we have to know more about Agris and achieve that the knowledge generated in our countries has been shared and visible to the world for the development of agricultural research. What does this mean? Central America is also, we have a very interesting initiative with three countries, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua. We have a portal of the scientific magazines. And this is also another space that we have to take advantage of to be able to share it and that Agris is also that system that helps us promote what we are doing at Central America. Because certainly Central America is generating information, is publishing, but we need those spaces of visibility. And mainly we need those spaces of collaboration with other countries, so that the production that is generated at the level of our region can be shared and can be shared in a better space than the Agris system to share these initiatives. And I would also like to tell you that, at the level of our country, we have a series of institutions, we have a system of university libraries that is also working in this strengthening of national repositories. But also one of the challenges, I think that we must also consider this annual conference of Agris, is how to strengthen the networks at the level of each of the countries, but also the networks at the level of the regions. I think it is very important, we have a sidal platform where we have really done an extraordinary job and I think it is an opportunity to be able to see what we have at Central America in this system. And finally, I would like to express my commitment and my institution, the National Agrarian University of Nicaragua, to continue being part of this system and also to be able to share the information that we generate and promote this system not only in Nicaragua, but also in all the countries of Central America and also in Latin America, because we certainly have contacts at the level of all these countries and we really need to integrate it into this international system for agri-agriculated science and technology. Thank you. Thank you, Ruth. The next speaker is Biorica Lupu. Biorica, please stay with the webcam on, thank you. Biorica is going to speak in English, so do you have to worry about interpretation? Correct, Biorica, you will speak in English. Yes. Okay, over to you, Biorica, thank you. Hello, everyone. Thank you, Ima, for introducing me. I am glad to share with you our experience and the aggress relevance of the agricultural community from the Republic of Moldova. Since 2004, the Republican Scientific Agricultural Library of the State Agrarian University of Moldova has been functioning as the official National Agri Center. And in 2020, the library was nominated as the Agri National Habit in the Republic of Moldova. Since that period, the library contributed to Agris with about 5,000 records, sub-bibliographic records of journal articles, conference papers, dissertation, and other content types. There are many benefits of the library participation in Agris. Agris offers a big opportunity to agricultural institution from the Republic of Moldova to be part of advantages and dynamic international network and also to contribute to the promotion and Moldavian scientific research globally. Thus, Republic of Moldova benefits from an open and free service having the possibility to make its scientific results to be discovered through Agris without costs, other barriers and restrictions. Agris also opens agricultural science and research from the Republic of Moldova to a wider audience and contributes to the easier discovery of publication to increase the visibility of global research and the citation of Moldavian authors. So Moldavian authors can easily communicate with other researchers from other countries. Agris has a comprehensive collection of documents which satisfy users' information and research needs. Agris improves the circulation of access to and transfer of scientific knowledge thus contributing to the evolution of agriculture, the formulation of agricultural policies, the development of appropriate strategies for development of agricultural and rural sectors. At the same time, Moldovan farmers having access to information and data can know the challenges faced by farmers in other countries and how to identify solutions to a specific issue. In the last years, Republic of Moldova had the privilege of collaborating more actively with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and organized a lot of activities dedicated to Agris. Some of them are information and awareness-racing activities for the agricultural community of Republic of Moldova on the value and importance of the Agris. Two editions of the round table, how can you work together to integrate national agricultural information in the global information space? It was organized a campaign to increase the visibility of your research through Agris which aimed to increase the collection and integration of scientific works of researchers from the Republic of Moldova in the international Agris systems. The Agris directory was launched on the library website to promote the library's activities in the Agris systems and we hope that in the future to extend our collaboration with our regarding to the data agricultural data sets and we are proud to be part of the Agris community because it offers many benefits, facilities and it is an opportunity for us of learning from each other how to do better to be open to this new experience and act together to do good things despite the difficulties. Thank you.


Well, this is the third multi-stakeholder meeting of the global agenda of action in support of sustainable livestock development. We've had two before, so this is maybe the first time they've got a whole range of different stakeholders together here in Nairobi to see what action can we take jointly in order to move our livestock in a more sustainable development path. What it is probably even more difficult than revamping the UN system because we are not dealing only with governments, we are dealing with a wide range of stakeholders, producers, including small and Muslim pastoralists, private sector, civil society organizations and NGOs, academia, intergovernmental organizations, so they all come together. And that gives me a reason to be optimistic because I think we have identified a large, common ground on which we can act where we have joint objectives where we can do things jointly based on the fact that every stakeholder comes in with a different set of not only objectives but also a different set of skills compared to advantages of different intervention points. And if we bundle these different interventions, then I think we can be much more effective than if stakeholders go along. I think they all agree that the livestock sector is not particularly good at articulating how it should move forward. I think they all agree that some of these controversies around the livestock sector are not very useful. They put the livestock sector into bad light very often and they don't fully exploit the social and economic development opportunities that the livestock sector hosts. So that is, I think, where most people agree. And as we have also heard from Riri on the first day, it's not about livestock actually, it's about people. So, filling in or leading a process by which people can live their aspirations and I get a livelihood from livestock, whether it's intensive or extensive, whether it's in Europe, or in Africa, or in Asia, they're all colleagues of some sort. The explicit nature of this being a multi-stakeholder is novel. It's new having people from the animal welfare community here, having partialist and smallholders represented, having large industry players also involved. It is interesting to see that indeed they not only see coming ground, but they're also willing to act on what they see as common objectives. We are concerned about the big hunger for resources that the livestock sector has. The big claim it lays on water, land, nutrients and so on. The big impact it has on climate change, so that's been the starting point. And we've looked at areas how we can sort of conceptualize this. We think we hope we can launch it by summer. We're looking at a press event at FAO that would do that, where again we would have a multi-stakeholder representation. It would be a relatively short press event where we would launch the agenda formally speaking. Of course we'll be working before, we'll be working afterwards, but that will sort of ring the bell and it will bring attention, further attention to our process.


Check Prime Minister Peter Fiella on December 22 join mourners paying tribute at a memorial to the victims of the Prague University shootings, with the city still in shock after a 24-year-old student killed 14 people and wounded 25 others on December 21. The impromptu memorial was set up outside the Charles University Point 1 Prague resident, who was also a lecturer at a faculty in town, said she felt strange, bad, horrible after the mass shooting, another said walking in the street felt unpleasant. Thinking about what happened to someone who came to school absolutely carefree, thinking about Christmas coming in two days, the government declared a day of mourning across the central European country for December 23 to remember the victims, decided at a special cabinet meeting with President Peter Pavel. I still can't consider Prague as the safest capital in Europe because of professional law enforcement we have and because of high number of firearm licenses held by civilians.


In this video we'll cover how to manage instruments in the toolbar. The toolbar for the various instruments is tabbed. Right now I'm accessing the S&P E-mini because it has a blue line beneath it. If I click on another instrument here for example on the bonds, you can see now that the bond chart is accessed and opened in the main window. Let's click back on the ES. You can also add new instruments here by clicking on the plus sign. The number of instruments you can add is dependent on your broker. If you have several instruments you have added all the way across, you can go to the right hand side, click on the arrow for the drop down and access the various instruments. If we click on the NQ we will now be accessing the E-mini NASDAQ chart. Now suppose you have multiple monitors like many of us do and you want to add different instruments on the different monitors. You can do that by popping some of these instruments out from the tabbed area. Select your desired instrument by left click and holding, dragging and dropping any place on your screen and it will open up. Or you can simply double click on the instrument. I'm going to double click on the bonds. And you can see that it popped out into a new book map chart. You can see this chart is a little different from the main chart. The main chart has file, connections, settings and help at the top left. You can resize and configure this chart to whatever you like and place it in the desired monitor. If I click the close button here it won't close the instrument. It will only close the chart. When I click close it will pop back into the main window here. If I close the instrument in the main window by clicking the X here it will close the instrument entirely and I would need to add it back to the main window by clicking on the plus button here. I will lose all of the previously recorded data I had from that instrument. Now let's say I want to rearrange the instrument tab. For example I want to move the ES tab to the left side of the window. I can left click hold and drag into place. If I like the layout that I have including the multiple monitor setup I can save the workspace. Click on file and save workspace here. We can also save the workspace as and make a copy of it. We can open a previously saved workspace or create a new one here. For different chart settings let's look at our ES settings. You will see I have the indicator panel down below specific volume settings for our dots and the columns over here are set up in a certain way. Now let's look at the NQ. I don't have the indicator panel. The dots are much larger set to show total volume instead of delta volume and we also have a different configuration for our columns. Let's suppose we want the NQ chart to be like our ES chart. You can do that by clicking just to the right of the toolbar in the blank space. Right click and you'll get a drop down menu. Click chart settings and then inherit chart settings from. You can search here older chart settings from previously expired contracts and that's a quick way to get settings from your older contracts. Or I can close this right click again and I can inherit the settings from charts that are currently open. I'll click on the ES settings and you'll note that my NQ chart has the same configuration as my ES chart. The indicator panel is now here. The size of dots now match the ES. We have delta volume instead of total volume and the columns are the same as the ES.


Thank you. It's a great pleasure to be here and have the opportunity to talk about adrenal cancer I've had an interest in adrenal cancer for at least 20 years and I've been banking every adrenal cancer That's come through the University of Michigan for for all those years So it's great to see all that effort of banking come to some some benefit So it's a really rare cancer only one or two cases per million per year So there's only about 500 cases in the United States a year the outcome is quite variable and of course like all cancers dependent on both the tumor grade and stage. What's interesting is it can be associated with various clinical endocrinopathy such as hypercortisol ism otherwise known as Cushing syndrome the therapeutic options are kind of limited and So having better ideas about how to approach this therapeutically is certainly one of our tasks in this project Fortunately, I'm at one of the places that have set up multidisciplinary clinics One of which is here at the NIH with Tito foho and others but Michigan and MD Anderson So we see a lot of patients come through Ann Arbor even though, you know, they're from New York or overseas The first thing to point out I'll spend a little time quickly on some background and These can be massive tumors. This one is a 20 centimeter tumor Usually there are about 8 centimeters and above and so they can get even larger than this So the first thing to notice is that there's an opportunity for heterogeneity So this is all necrosis and so all these clones are popping up and they can be quite different So the first thought is that the notion that you're gonna put a needle in this clone and and just understand everything about the tumor Is kind of naive when you're talking about a 20 centimeter tumor You know, this is a little controversial, but adrenal cancers just don't come from anywhere They come usually from in my opinion pre-existing benign tumors like this one, which is only less than two centimeters It is an adenoma So I believe in an adenoma to a carcinoma progression and the molecular data is starting to fill that in even though There's some people that are hesitant to believe this the histopathology in most cases is really not that difficult This is an adenoma the cells are very differentiated. They have tons of intercellular lipid and gives us clear clear appearance And cancers are much more cellular having necrosis nuclear pleomorphism and mitosis So the pathology is pretty well worked out but as you'll see there's there's some challenges in the pathology and Honestly like a lot of cancers resection is the only curative treatment so we we try to resect as many people as possible but In many cases it's it's not possible So stage pretty simple tumors less than five centimeters confined to the adrenal. These are quite rare Stage two more than five centimeters also confined to the adrenal and then locally invasive and distant Distant metastatic disease so a pretty simple staging and grading is actually not Architectural so a lot of times when you talk about tumor grade It's like does it form glands or are there squamous pearls in adrenal cancer? It doesn't really do any of that there are no glands it just grows in solid sheets, right? So solid sheets of tumor cells so we actually have developed a mitotic grading And we count mitosis less than 20 is low grade greater than 20 is high grade And so you can see that the stark difference between a low-grade ACC and a high-grade ACC and This'll this will come through in the genomic data and there's clearly a range of morphologies So an exceptionally low-grade tumor without mitotic activity or necrosis of more cellular tumor now with mitotic figures And then probably the most extreme manifestation an extremely high-grade tumor where you can see one two You know three probably four mitotic figures and several apoptotic bodies scattered about two so an extremely high-grade tumor So we have a full range of biology And then back to that intra-tumoral heterogeneity you can actually see it histologically So this is the same tumor a low-grade tumor with a low proliferation index Almost if they would all look like this I might be tempted to call it benign and adenoma But nonetheless it has areas that are more cellular with a higher proliferation rate So clearly we have a big sampling issue here for these tumors so what are the challenges occasionally they're still diagnostically difficult cases and Overall prognostic assessment low-grade high-grade is not the you know, it's not that granular could we do better? And then prediction and risk assessment both of who's going to occur locally who's going to spread Distantly who's going to respond to you know chemotherapy might attain some of the therapies that we have and then related to that What are some other therapeutic options that we could could bring to bear? So so those are the challenges that we sort of went into this TCGA project. Oops. That is not right. Oh Something out of order there. Okay, but and so what's nice is that you'll see oh, no, I'm sorry I am mistaken. So what's happening is there's this merging molecular classification some of the work from my lab and others from the NSAT group the European Network for the study of adrenal tumors In Europe obviously that we can separate adenomas from good prognosis and poor prognosis cancers And then some of the parameters that are driving this classification and you can start to see p53 and beta-continue mutations But what's nice about this field is that there's a really strong genotype phenotype correlation and so this Merging molecular classification is in pretty good agreement with this low-grade high-grade classification right so it's sort of it's even though it's a Big range of biology. It's kind of a more simpler cancer. So it's really well suited towards genomic studies Okay on to our project. So we had a global cohort. We needed a global cohort to get enough cases So we had North America South America Europe and Australia. We ended up with about 92 one had prior chemo I went out went out we did a super set for sequencing and then about up to about 80 cases past RNA we lost that one so we had a pretty good cohort for such a rare disease First first snippet of data Mutation density as Gatti will tell you I you know I pushed really hard on the thyroid project to to look at mutation density we discussed it many times But I think it's I think it's useful. So right smack in the middle of this of this plot and and it shows you can see a broad range of of mutation density and we tried actually to To make something of this so we looked at me 10 mutation density quite formally and you can see the high Intermediate and low and actually there's a fair number of things that correlate quite strongly with mutation density This is all stages and then we look just at at organ confined disease stage one and stage two because those are the ones where you'd Want to make a decision. Do I treat this patient? Do I watch this patient? And so even in even in organ confined disease you can see that there's a big range of mutation density From high to low and then again some of these Ex there's molecular correlates are shining through so there's just tells us there's an opportunity to use mutation density To do things clinically or just more broadly that you know the accumulation of mutations is clearly a bad thing in this cancer Onto significantly mutated genes usual characters beta-catenin p53 men1 in pretty much Expected frequencies I guess with men being more than we expected This is a shock This is the regulatory subunit of protein kinase a and this is this mutations of this gene are associated with Carni's complex and a rare Adrenal disease called PP NAD primary pigmented nodular adrenal cortical disease and it's really not cancer and Rarely do those turn into cancers But yet here we have Several mutations in this gene So that's it that's a not a shock But it's much higher frequency than expected and then RPL 22 which which is interferes Relates with p53 and that's novel for this for this disease So we spent a lot of time looking for gene fusions hoping that Gene fusions like in thyroid would explain some of the cases that don't have obvious mutations So we were very excited about this. I hired a summer student. We built tissue microase so we could do fish We used two methods with with rover-hake. We found lots of fusions a hundred and fifty six and 48 of the tumors And there's supporting data that they're real from copy number However, there were not not a single recurrent fusion So we decided you know doing fish to validate this was a big waste of time and we put the rays aside for another project So that was a little bit of a disappointment, but some of them are quite interesting In which they are known Cancer genes like mTOR and so it's possible that fusions play a minor role in this disease creating these private fusions We then turned to copy number and so this is data from Old cgh from circa 2000 and you can see there's lots of gains and losses in adrenal cancer So we were expecting to see something and sure enough we did we here's the focal changes Turk and CDK for turf to which we think may be unique within TCGA CC any one and on the deletion side we have RB and ZN ZN RF3, which is a regulator of The the wind pathway and thought to be an alternative way to to Inactivate the wind pathway So this was confirmatory because the NSAT group had already published that so so this was interesting with some some novel changes But so here's turf to and it just provides more evidence for the role of telomeres and in adrenal cancer Here's ZN ZN RF3 deletion. It's a negative regulator of wind signaling So the my hypothesis is that deletion represents an alternative way in addition to APC and beta-catenin mutations And so Gary Hammer our other co-chair in this project His lab is starting to work on this in a mechanistic fashion and it's present in about 20% of adrenal cancers So here's the the wind and you can start to see it starts to add up between APC and ZN RF3 and beta-catenin You can start to see it's almost about half of the cases that have some sort of wind pathway defect More copy number so copy number defines different classes of ACC We have a few cases that we called quiet that are Diploid and then you can see all hell goes you know everything Goes to hell and we have hypo diploid cases and hyper diploid cases with whole genome doubling noisy and a chromosomal group and it turns out that the noisy tumors in Both the width and without whole genome doubling are the most aggressive Okay, so that was kind of interesting We then put this in context of a pan cancer and we looked at our ploidy data Here relative to what was available and here's thyroid, which if you may remember has a very quiet genome and then Chromophobe kidney again with this hypo diploid so you can see the big range Employee present in this cancer and it's not really related to any type of purity because adrenal cancers as I showed Histologically are really quite pure. So so this is a really true biological observation We then turn to molecular classification And we have two large classes shown here and then form more granular Classes with profound differences both in survival shown here and in endocrinopathy And endocrine function so this is Recapitulate some of the work that my lab did through the director's challenge grant on adrenal cancers years ago Methylation we have three classes again with survival differences and other associations coming through and then we The NSAT data was available. We took the NSAT data showed that they're similar and Luda distilled a nice Luda and others distilled a nice 68 probe Methylation signature to show that we could get three classes and Validated it with the NSAT data. So we did this in response to reviewers asking. Well, you know, how are you going to? Really distill this into the clinic. So this is one possible method for clinical translation But we really like this result or I really like this result this cluster of cluster analysis with the different clusters here and the Associated data and this very nice result and remember I told you we do low-grade high-grade, you know Which is basically, you know, low-grade high-grade So if we could actually go from a two-class prognostication to a three-class would actually benefit You know what we do in the tumor and weekly tumor boards, right? So I'm excited about this and you can see some interesting associations with beta-catenin Most of the beta-cat mutations are in the more aggressive clusters So this is you know, I'll talk more about this is what I'm going to focus on as a pathologist Going forward and how do we translate this three-class into the clinic? So this is a really busy slide It's our our sort of supervised landscape view where we have the three cluster clusters all the associated mutations all the different clinical and other Genomic data and then some interesting things and I'll just point out a few things everyone can look at their favorite gene but we have a group here that are sort of You know free of mutations and so the question to me is Tom are you sure they're sure they're cancers and Because I told you sometimes we we had we struggle and I would argue that they are and the reason is is his here's IGF2 expression And it's well known that IGF2 expression is is only seen in cancers and goes up quite substantially And so all these tumors here that don't have drivers Clearly have high IGF2 expression and some of the ones that don't are actually in some of the more aggressive clusters So I think that's pretty strong evidence that in fact they are cancers They're just devoid of drivers and it also speaks to the fact that IGF2 is probably the main driver in these tumors Here's Ki67 and you can see that these are sort of the most low-grade tumors in terms of their proliferation Because Ki67 and mitotic counts correlate with each other So so we're sniffing out the earliest form of adrenal cancer, which I think is quite quite interesting And then you can see the accumulation of mutations as you go from cluster 1 to cluster 2 to cluster 3 And then a few other things in here notice though the fusions I was hoping the fusions might concentrate in there, but they don't and so you know you have great ideas But sometimes they work out so I think this is a great Figure I think it will be really well received by the adrenal cancer community We did a lot. I don't have much more time, but we did a lot. We looked at telomere length at the suggestion of Matthew Meyerson I always like to put things in the context of our Clinicians so we developed this adrenal differentiation score that sort of puts the genomic data in the context of adrenal function and you know And endocrinopathies we did hotnet. Sorry hotnet to file Oncocyan and then pan cancer genomic processes. I don't have time that I apologize I don't have time to show you all of these, but I'll show you that the telomere length analysis I think it worked out pretty well. This was done by C1 Zang and Rover Hake in which they they did sort of off-target Sequencing they took that data and don't ask me the details But they they took the whole like whole exome data and met and got telomere length data shown here And then they validated it with some glioma data where they had whole genomes And so there's some supporting evidence that this is believable And then on top of that you can see where the telomere length is increasing We have enrichment of ATRX and Dax mutations and also MLL And suggests that alternative lengthening of telomeres is in play for adrenal cancer in a subset of tumors So Matthew, thank you for the suggestion I think it worked out pretty well and we bumped this up to one of the main figures in the paper And then finally we because we knew that there were other Papers we really wanted to take advantage of the pan cancer data So we actually closed the paper with a pan cancer analysis in which we looked at all the different classes of Mutations that define oncogenic processes and we're able to put adrenal cancer in largely three of them Shown here and and this is more interesting where you can now plot it this this big C of this plot Where you have the mismatch repair signature a smoking signature from lung cancer And you can now see that adrenal cancer looks more like a scatter plot But nonetheless there are some cases that are in the mismatch repair signature We had published within a year or two ago that adrenal cancer is part of Lynch syndrome and that they rarely do have German line mutations of mismatch repair genes. So this confirms what we published and And more importantly though there there was some Suggestion in the literature that it that smoking may play a role And so here we now have some data that at least in some cases that smoking may play a Causative role so that's we put that in there. It's a little speculative We tried to get TCGA data the smoking history to sort of corroborate that and sort of quickly gave up because it just became too difficult So what have we what have we done in the last minute? We created I think an outstanding genomic resource for adrenal cancer research We do have new somatic alterations We expanded the role of of went the hotnet analysis really put pulled that together nicely We have this copy number and whole genome doubling story that is quite elegant and well done this copy No, this cluster of cluster analysis with three classes of tumors, which I really think will be advanced for the field We did the pan cancer analysis the papers Honestly was rejected from nature genetics, but we've repealed and they've they said you know actually made some good points So we're hopeful that we'll have a chance with nature genetics and we're getting ready to send it back probably next week So looking forward as I said I will be looking for ways to deliver this three-class solution to routine cases Because how it works now is very few people get operated on at Michigan But they all show up at our door with the paraffin blocks and I need to you know If I'm gonna do something if we're gonna be a center of excellence I need to do something and so how can we deliver this to those patients and then therapy I think it's clear though that IGF 2 is still there. We've run IGF 2 trials We only have a few responders in the eyes of big pharma They failed but nonetheless there are patients in there and what I think what I think is happening This is a little speculation allow me to do this those quiet cases I think are the ones that are responding to the IGF 2 inhibition and once you accumulate all those other mutations That signal sort of gets drowned out But I think the combination of IGF 2 and when I think holds the secret for treating high-grade adrenal cancer I understand how hard it is to develop good inhibitors of beta-catenin So I'm not hopeful this is gonna happen anytime soon But I think the paper is telling us what we have to do and then there's other pathways in smaller subsets This was a huge amount of work led my co-chair by rollover hake and his postdocs He won zang they did a phenomenal job and then of course that many other people that contribute to this We really did look at that right on time we really did gather the world's group of endocrinologists to work on this and My co-chair gary hammer and I were chatting when we started I said if we're all talking to each other at the end of this It'll be a miracle But we've sort of done it and there's really nobody annoyed with each other Even though you know some of the issues of authorship have surface But I was able to sort of tamp them down You know without causing too much troubles and then just many other people from the TS sets the program office And then I just have to give a shout out to Kenna because when you know the TCJ announced rare projects I kept jumping up and down and let's do adrenal cancer and you know at first it was like okay, Tom That's great, but she did listen and so we got a ton. Thank you very much Sort of a whirlwind tour Yeah, so the clinically they've gotten much better there's a radiologist to Dedicated adrenal scans they do this wash out they look for heterogeneity so Having said that you know, it's still a mystery at surgery sometimes right so I think pathologically we've gotten much better Right, so there's there's this mystique which I think you might be referring to in the path literature You go back 30 40 years people said you couldn't tell adrenal Adnomas and carcinomas, but I think you know the work of Larry Weiss and other groups have really sort of distilled the Histologic features down so truthfully, it's not that hard most of the cases across my desk Are pretty straightforward now But again, I'm in a unique situation that I get to see two of these a week Whereas most private practice pathologists will see one every couple of years, so it's a I benefit from that Does it affect the localization of beta-catalan? Oh, yes so so what we're doing now is we're actually looking carefully at the ZNR of three mutations to see what the localization in those cases looks like because They it's clear that they don't look you so with beta-cat you get a strong nuclear signal You don't necessarily get that so it may mean that the the winch signaling is you know Not as potent in the ZNR of three mutations So we're we're exploring that with our tissue arrays that we didn't use for the fish studies Yes, do you have any information on intratumor heterogeneity and does that affect prognosis? No So that's my next project right is to wait for a big 20 centimeter tumor and sample it in 15 spots and then you know Get roll to construct the you know the evolution of the mutations, so that's there Unfortunately, I have many samples in the freezer, but nothing that's really tailored to try to reconstruct the evolution of a tumor what I am collecting though are tumors that have both adenomas what it would appear to be adenomas and cancers and Most of those are in paraffin But I am collecting a series of those to try to build a molecular, you know argument that this progression really does happen Okay, thank you very much Thanks, Tom and our second speaker Tonya Davidson from NCI she's going to talk about NCI cloud pilot report You