Yeah, so let us continue with our discussion which is about trying to see what kind of results you can expect for a function which is analytic at infinity. So I told you last class I mean in the last lecture that you know if a function is analytic at infinity then you cannot expect Cauchy's theorem to work okay and the easiest demonstration of that is taking the function 1 by z okay which is analytic at infinity but if you integrate it over a simple closed curve in a neighbourhood of infinity you are going to get there is a possibility that you do not get 0 okay. So Cauchy's theorem will fail could fail but what works is and before that we saw that you know if you have a function is analytic at a point in the plane then you know that all its derivatives are also the all the derivatives exist derivatives of all orders exist and they are also analytic at that point that anyways true for a function which is analytic at infinity if a function is analytic at infinity then all its derivatives are also analytic at infinity and we in fact those derivatives will add the derivatives at infinity will be 0 and the crucial point to note that is that you do not define actually the derivative at infinity it does not make sense but you deduce that the derivatives are all 0 at infinity okay. And then the last thing that I said was about Morera's theorem okay and that Morera's theorem actually works okay even for a function which is analytic in a domain in the external complex plane okay so let me explain that so suppose f of z is analytic in a domain in infinity which is external complex plane okay and integral over gamma f of z dz is 0 for every simple closed curve in that domain so then I should not say analytic which is it should be it should be the conclusion suppose f of z is continuous so I should so let me remind you that the whole point about Morera's theorem is that you are trying to get a converse of Cauchy's theorem okay and the Cauchy's theorem is that the integral over a closed curve is 0 okay integral over a simple closed curve is 0 and you want to say that if and that is true for an analytic function for a function is analytic on and inside a simple closed curve then the integral over that curve is 0 but you want a converse that is you want to say that if a function if the integral over every curve is 0 every simple closed curve is 0 then the function is analytic then you will have to add this condition of continuity because if you do not add the condition of continuity then you can get into trouble okay. So that is also the same statement in the case of a domain including the point at infinity suppose f is continuous in a domain including the point at infinity and you know the integral over any simple closed curve is 0 then f is analytic in that domain that is the statement but the point is I want to stress that when you say integral over a closed curve and you are saying for a curve in the domain which contains a point at infinity you must understand that this is not a curve that will pass through infinity okay. So when I say when you say a curve in a domain okay it could in principle pass through any point of the domain but when I say a curve in a domain in the external complex plane the domain in the external complex plane could contain the point at infinity and in the case when it contains the point at infinity when I say a curve in the domain it necessarily means that I am not thinking of a curve passing through the point at infinity it does not make sense okay. So whenever we talk about simple closed curve whether it is in the complex plane or in the external complex plane a simple closed curve is always a simple closed curve in the complex plane okay even if you are looking at a domain in the external complex plane which includes a point at infinity a simple closed curve always means just a simple closed curve in the usual complex plane the point at infinity is not involved okay. So here is a conclusion the conclusion is that if f of z is continuous in a domain in the external complex plane and integral over every simple closed curve in that domain of f is 0 then f is analytic in that domain. So this is Moray-Ram's theorem and the fact is that and the proof is pretty easy as they was saying by words last time the proof is the proof uses the usual Moray-Ram's theorem and then and it uses the definition of being analytic at infinity okay. So let me write this f is analytic on the domain so you know so let me call this domain as let me call this domain as D so f is analytic on D minus the point at infinity okay throw away the point at infinity f is analytic on that by the usual Moray-Ram's theorem of course by usual Moray-Ram's theorem I mean the version of Moray-Ram's theorem that you study on the complex plane okay it is analytic because it is continuous if you even if you throw if it is if a function is continuous on a domain then it is also continuous on every subset of that domain. So if a function is continuous on the domain D then if you remove something from D it continues to be continuous okay the restriction of a continuous function is always a continuous function. So the function continues to be analytic in the domain with the point at infinity thrown out okay and that is a domain in the usual complex plane and integral over every close curve is 0 that is one of the conditions of Moray-Ram's theorem. So usual Moray-Ram's theorem by that I mean the version of Moray-Ram's theorem for the usual complex plane that works okay and f becomes analytic and because f becomes analytic on D minus infinity what it tells you is that infinity is a singular point okay it tells you that infinity is a singular point because D minus infinity is a neighbourhood of infinity okay and of course you know in all this I am assuming that infinity is in the domain if infinity is not in the domain there is nothing to prove okay because it is usual Moray-Ram's theorem which we assume okay so I am assuming that infinity is in the domain and if infinity is in the domain then infinity is an interior point and if I say that outside infinity the function is analytic that means the analytic function is analytic in a neighbourhood of infinity the domain itself any domain which contains infinity is a neighbourhood of infinity and f is analytic in that neighbourhood of infinity in the deleted neighbourhood of infinity and but there is also this extra assumption that f is continuous at infinity because f is continuous on the domain it is continuous at every point in the domain so infinity is also there in the domain so f is continuous at infinity but then you know be cheated by saying that continuity at infinity is same as analyticity at infinity and this is kind of inspiration we drew from the removable singularity theorem in the usual complex plane. So what you get is that first you get that if you throw the point at infinity out the function is analytic okay and that will tell you that the point at infinity is a singular point is an isolated singular point and then continuity at infinity will tell you that it is also analytic at infinity and therefore it is analytic at all points in the domain and your new version of Maria's theorem works okay. So let me write this down by usual Maria's theorem I mean that is for domains in the complex plane because D minus infinity is a domain in the complex plane thus infinity is an isolated singular point of f but f is continuous at infinity so it is analytic at infinity so that is the proof and you see the what you see that is that you know it is just being one is just being very clever when I say infinity is an isolated singular point and then when I say f is continuous at infinity you know that means I am actually saying that f is infinity is a removable singularity and infinity being a removable singularity was a clever way in which we defined f to be analytic at infinity okay and the inspiration was taken from the removable singularity theorem because you know the straight forward way of trying to say that the function is analytic at a point if it is differentiable at that point and also in a neighbourhood of the point will not work for the point at infinity because you cannot define the derivative at infinity at the point for the point at infinity that is the problem okay fine. So Maria's theorem works now what I want to tell you about is about a problem that I want you to try so here is a problem for you to try let D be a domain in C or C union infinity let f f of z be analytic in D let f of z be continuous in D suppose there exists an n greater than 1 such that of course when I say n greater than 1 it is an integer n greater than 1 n is not a real number okay greater than 1 suppose there is an integer n greater than 1 such that f of z to the power of n is analytic in D show that f itself is analytic in D okay so this is a problem which I want you to try okay so the idea is very simple you have a domain of course non-empty connected open set the domain you can take the domain either in the complex plane or you can include the point at infinity if you want first maybe you first try it for domain in the complex plane and then you will see that the same arguments will work for the point at infinity suppose f is continuous in D and there exists an integer power of f greater than 1 which is analytic then f itself has to be analytic so we can try this now what I am going to do is well we have now more or less seen something about the infinity being a point of analyticity or is the same as saying infinity is a removable singularity the next kind of singularity is that of a pole okay so let us go to the study of infinity as a pole okay so let me go to the next page infinity as a pole so here is a situation you have a function f which has infinity as an isolated singular point okay that means it is defined in a deleted neighbourhood of infinity which you should think of as a the exterior of a sufficiently large circle on the complex plane okay and the question is that when is infinity a pole okay so how do you define this so the of course there are the way we do it is that we call the independent variable as W we write the function as f of W and then we say the behaviour of f of W at W equal to infinity is the same as the behaviour of f of 1 by z at z equal to 0 because you are plugging in W equal to 1 by z okay so this is a philosophy which we have justified earlier because W equal to 1 by z is a is a homeomorphism of the extended complex plane onto the extended complex plane which is an analytic isomorphism of the punctured plane onto itself okay so under an analytic isomorphism the type of singularity must coincide okay so let me so let me do that so how do you define f f has f of W has a pole at W equal to infinity this is the definition this is I will put d f definition if and only if g of z which is f of 1 by z has a pole at z equal to 0 so this is the way we do it okay but what are these conditions so you know so what is a condition that a function g has a pole at a finite point of the complex plane there are 3 equivalent conditions you know one is based on the limit of the function as we approach that point the limit should tend to infinity that is one way of looking certifying that something is a pole. The other way is to look at the Laurent series at that point and then see that there are only finitely many terms in the singular part and the third one is to say that you know think of your pole of certain a pole has to have a certain order okay a pole has to have a certain positive integer order and that positive integer is actually the power of the variable minus the centre which you have to multiply with the function to neutralize the pole because it is like if a function has a pole of order n at z not okay then multiplying the function by z minus z not power n should neutralize the pole okay so you neutralize the pole by multiplying by the by killing the 0 of the denominator okay so I will write down all those 3 conditions so the first thing is there exists an n greater than 0 such that you know z power n g of z limit z tends to 0 is equal to is non-zero okay is non-zero and of course in fact it is a non-zero complex number it is not when I say it is non-zero it cannot it cannot be I do not I do not want this to be infinity so this should belong to the punctured complex plane okay so this is one definition of pole of order n g this is one definition of g having a pole of order n at z equal to 0 okay had it been a pole of order n at z equal to z not you know you will have to modify it to limit z tends to z not z minus z not to the power of n times g of z is a non-zero complex number okay so this is one definition okay then the other definition is of course it is it is a definition that has got nothing to do with the order of the pole it is the fact that the function approaches infinity as you approach the pole which means that the function in modulus approaches infinity as you approach the pole so that second condition is limit z tends to 0 g of z is infinity okay and mind you you should think about this in terms of what in terms of a limit being infinite that we have defined earlier okay so the way this should be made sense of is that as z comes closer and closer to 0 that is if z is restricted to a small deleted neighbourhood of 0 then the values of g a z will lie in a small deleted neighbourhood of the point at infinity which is supposed to be the exterior of sufficiently large circle in the complex plane okay so that is what that is how you should think of this and well the third condition is that the principle part of the singular part of the Laurent series of g at the origin has only finitely many terms okay and the highest negative power is of course going to be you know the subscript is going to be this n which is the order of the pole okay or rather minus of that subscript okay so or rather let me say this the you take minus of the highest negative power of z that should be n okay. So the Laurent series of g of z at 0 has only a finite singular or principle part and what you must remember is that this is the same as saying that it has only finitely many terms involving negative powers of z okay now the fact is that each of these definitions have their analogues for f at infinity okay having a pole at infinity and well you know I just want to point out few subtleties so you know for example the one in the middle goes through very easily limit z tends to 0 g of z is infinity is the same as saying limit w tends to infinity f of w equal to infinity this is direct because basically z is 1 by w and z tends to 0 is equivalent to w going to infinity and the limit going to and so I just make a change of variable from z to w by putting w equal to 1 by z or z equal to 1 by w okay. So these two are one and the same is obvious okay and especially you know again you are using the fact that w is equal to 1 by z which is z going to 1 by z is a homeomorphism okay that is there that is implicitly used here okay essentially because basically under continuous map the image of a convergent sequence is a convergent sequence okay so this is very very clear so if you want to test of whether a function is having a pole at infinity you just have to see whether it goes to infinity as you approach the point at infinity okay so and what does it mean in terms of the topology of the point at infinity it means that if mod z is sufficiently large then mod I mean if mod w is sufficiently large then mod f w is also sufficiently large you can make mod f w as large as you want provided you choose mod w as large as you want that is just a verbal restate statement of saying that f tends to infinity as w tends to infinity okay. So the one this and the center is pretty easy the one in the top needs a little bit of thought you see if you want to neutralize this pole of order n of g at 0 mind you a pole of order n should be thought of as a 0 of order n of the denominator or of the reciprocal of the function so if you want to neutralize a pole you should multiply a power by a power of the variable okay or the power of variable minus the center at the point which is a pole okay but to do it at infinity you can imagine you have to divide okay if you want to utilize a pole at infinity okay you will have to divide so that you can see by simply substituting z equal to 1 by w in this so this is equal to limit w tends to infinity f of w by w to the power of n is a non-zero complex now okay. So this is the point that you have to notice to neutralize a pole at a finite point in the complex plane a finite point z not in the complex plane you have to multiply by a sufficiently high power of z minus z not okay and in fact it is a particular power of z minus z not okay and that is the order of the pole okay at z not but if you want to neutralize the pole at infinity you have to divide by the variable by the correct power of the variable okay so for example the simplest case is take the identity function f of w equal to w okay that has a pole at infinity because f of w equal to w if I take limit w tends to infinity I am going to get infinity limit w tends to infinity f of w is just infinity okay so infinity is a pole and it is a pole of order 1 because I can utilize it by dividing by w you take the function f of w equal to w divide by w I will get 1 now that is constant function which even at infinity remains 1 okay so you can see that in this way you can see that if you take a polynomial of degree n if you take a polynomial of degree n in w polynomial of positive degree in w that has a pole at infinity and the order of the pole will be simply the order of the degree of the polynomial okay so if you have polynomial of degree n in w if you divide it by w power n and then take limit as w tends to infinity you will see that you will end up with you will end up with a nonzero complex number okay so polynomial of degree n has a pole of order n at infinity okay that is something that you can see and coming to this last condition on the left which is that the Laurent series of g at 0 has only a finite singular or principal part what will that translate to it will translate to the fact that the singular part of the Laurent series of f at infinity okay will have only finitely many terms okay but mind you the singular part of a function at infinity is supposed to be the part that consists of positive powers of the variable okay see you must remember that the singular part and the analytic part they will interchange if you move from 0 to infinity okay so at 0 it is the positive powers of the variable that behave well and the negative powers of the variable do not behave well at infinity it is the other way around at infinity it is the negative powers of the variable that behave well and they form the analytic part along with the constant term okay and the positive powers of the variable misbehave and they form the singular part so saying that the right way to say the function has a pole at infinity is to say that if you take the Laurent expansion at infinity then there are only finitely many positive powers of the variable okay and that is equivalent to saying that the singular part at infinity or the principal part of it at infinity is a polynomial okay so let me write that down the singular part or principal part consisting of positive powers of W of the Laurent series at infinity is a polynomial of course you know the constant term is not included the constant term is taken to be part of the analytic it is part of the analytic part so the constant term which is the 0th power of the variable okay the question of the 0th power of the variable and then and the other question and the other term which involve the negative powers of the variable okay powers of 1 by W these form the analytic part at infinity okay and the positive powers of the variable okay they form the singular part at infinity and that has to have only finitely many terms which means that it is it has to be a polynomial okay a polynomial constant term 0 okay and of course the degree of that polynomial will be the degree of the pole okay so now and because of all this what you can say is that therefore you know these three are you know these three are equivalent so let me write let me put that here this is equivalent to this and this is equivalent to this and I will put therefore the point is that somehow you may have to go to the behaviour at 0 and mind you even at that these three conditions for a pole in the finite complex plane that they are equivalent if you have tried to write down a proof of the equivalence you will see that somewhere you might use a removable singularity theorem okay so that is something that you should try to do okay if you have not done it fine so so so the so the model of the story is you think of a function having a pole at infinity essentially to be polynomial plus something which is analytic at infinity okay so the model for the function having a pole at infinity is a polynomial so polynomials are functions which have a pole at infinity okay and the degree and the order of the pole at infinity is just the degree of the polynomial okay and therefore you must understand that you know and mind you these are entire functions polynomials are entire functions so the model of the story is that if you take an entire function okay and if it has a pole at infinity you should expect it to be only a polynomial okay and more generally this is not exactly correct you what you could get is that you could get quotient of polynomials also with the numerator polynomial bigger than the denominator polynomial okay that is also possible because that is also something that will as an improper rational fraction will work out to something that is a proper fraction plus a polynomial and the proper part will be analytic at infinity okay so so let me let me let me let me say that more in more detail so here is so here is a remark if f of w is an entire function with infinity as a pole then f is a polynomial in w and conversely okay so the converse is something that we have just seen if f is a polynomial then a polynomial is of course entire and a polynomial is does have a pole at infinity of course you know in all these things you have to assume that you are not working with a constant function because a constant function should always be excluded so because even constants are thought of as polynomials so let me just put non-constant entire function so let me write non-constant here okay let me write non-constant here mind you if you have an entire function which is analytic at infinity it has to be constant okay this is a non-constant entire function will have a problem at infinity it will have a singularity at infinity and that infinity that singularity cannot be removable okay that is just another avatar of Liouville's theorem okay so so how do you prove this proof is very very simple well let me say it in words f has a pole at infinity so if you write the Laurent expansion at infinity the singular part is a polynomial okay and then there will be an analytic part which consists of constant and it will consist of negative powers of w okay but then this is also supposed to be analytic at 0 so you cannot really have any negative powers of 0 because they will negative powers of the variable because they will simply the negative powers of the variable will simply misbehave at w equal to 0 so all the coefficients of the negative powers of variable have to vanish which means that f is essentially a polynomial so it is pretty easy to see that this is true okay so let me write that down for the Laurent expansion at infinity has only a polynomial as a singular part as the singular part and the analytic part at infinity cannot be non-constant since terms involving 1 by w will render f singular at 0 okay so that is the proof okay so let me again repeat it you write f of w you write it as positive negative powers of w including a constant then the positive powers of w that can be only finitely many because that is what will happen if f has a pole at infinity so the positive powers of w they will be polynomial okay and the constant and the negative powers of w that will be the analytic part at infinity okay but then this expansion should be also valid at 0 so at 0 negative powers of w cannot be allowed okay so there are no negative powers of z as a result you see that the analytic part of f is just a constant okay so the analytic part is a constant the singular part is a polynomial when you add it together you get a polynomial so f has to be a polynomial okay so the only functions entire functions non-constant entire functions which are analytic which have a pole at infinity are polynomials okay and of course if you relax the condition that f is entire but you add the condition that f is meromorphic okay which means that it has only isolated singularities which are poles in the plane then you can prove that f has to be rational function okay it has to be a quotient of polynomials with the degree of the numerator polynomial greater than the degree of the denominator okay so this is something that you can show but we will come to it because you know eventually we have to come to meromorphic functions that is what I want to do and you know just to connect things back in our discussion you know we are trying to prove the Big Picard theorem and the Big Picard theorem involves looking at functions which have essential singularities at infinity okay and or probably functions which have poles at infinity and basically you want to study meromorphic functions and families of meromorphic functions you want to do topology on and in fact study compact families of meromorphic functions compact spaces of meromorphic functions so but in all these things you want to be able to work with infinity very easily you want to work with the point at infinity in a very easy way and that is the reason why we are analyzing the point at infinity in so much detail okay fine so now that we have this so let me write that as well so here is another remark suppose f of w is a function which is meromorphic on the complex plane which means that it has only poles as isolated singularities in C and no non-isolated singularities okay. So this is what a meromorphic function is it has only the only singularities it has they are all isolated so it has no non-isolated singularity and every isolated singularity is a pole okay this is what a meromorphic function is and then you also assume that infinity is an isolated singular point and assume that infinity is a pole okay then the claim is that f is quotient of polynomials with the numerator polynomial having degree greater than the denominator polynomial okay so let me write this then f has pole at infinity if and only if f of w is equal to p of w by q of w where p, q are polynomials with degree greater than degree q okay and f has a removable singularity at infinity if and only if f of w is of the same form p of w by q of w but now the degree of p is less than or equal to degree of q with p, q polynomials degree of p is less than or equal to degree of q okay so basically this remark tells you the obvious thing namely you know if I if you take two polynomials okay and you take their ratio you take p of w and q of w they are two polynomials and you take p of w by q of w you know that p by q will be an analytic function at all points where q is not 0 okay and the points where q is 0 they will be poles okay and so p by q will be a meromorphic function okay and this meromorphic function will behave well at infinity if the degree of p is less than or equal to degree of q okay and that is because if the degree of the numerator is less than or equal to degree of denominator as the variable goes to infinity you will get a limit okay whereas if the degree of p is greater than the degree of q this quotient will go to infinity as you go to infinity so infinity will become a pole okay and that is exactly what this remark says okay. So you can try this it is pretty easy to do but we will come back to it later now what I want to shift my attention is to do something connected with residues okay so you know one of the ways of trying to study a function at a singular point is by the so called residue or the function of that point why is the residue important the residue is important because the residue actually gives you the integral of the function along a simple closed curve that goes once around that point okay so the whole importance of the residue is because it will allow you to integrate the function around a singularity that is why residues are important and that is why you use residues to compute so many integrals in a first course in complex analysis you even compute many real integrals by converting them as real parts or directly into complex integrals and then applying the residue theorem or the Cauchy theorem okay so the moral of the story is that residues are important just because you can integrate a function around a singularity okay and you know so now if you think of the point at infinity as a singularity then it is natural that you will ask about the residue of the function at infinity okay so you can talk about the residue or the function at the point at infinity and what do you get so the answer to that is something very nice actually tells you in a way why Cauchy's theorem fails for the point at infinity the beautiful thing is that since Cauchy's theorem has failed for the point at infinity you think you have lost something but the point is you are getting it back in a different way there is a so called extended version of the residue theorem it is called the residue theorem for the extended complex plane which tells you that you should expect the Cauchy's theorem to fail at infinity okay so if I tell you in a nutshell if I want to tell you in a nutshell what the residue theorem for the extended complex plane is it is very very simple it says take a function on the extended complex plane which has only isolated singularities okay then mind you if it has only isolated singularities there are only finitely many okay because you are looking at an isolated subset of a compact set the extended complex plane is a compact set mind you the extended complex plane is a one point compactification of the complex plane it is a compact set home it is homeomorphic to the Riemann sphere okay which is compact okay and if you take a if you give if you take an isolated subset of a compact set you should get only finitely many points okay so the moral of the story is that if when I am looking at a function on the extended complex plane which has only isolated singularities there are only finitely many singularities okay and then one of the singularities could be the point at infinity so that function may have infinity as a singular point or it may not have infinity as a singular point but the beautiful thing is the residue theorem says now if you integrate over along any simple closed curve okay and assume that the simple closed curve goes around all the finite singularities okay all the singularities in the finite complex plane okay the residue theorem says the sum of all the residues okay inside the curve plus the residue at infinity will add up to 0 the total sum of residues is 0 that is the residue theorem for the which includes a point at infinity the residue at infinity has to neutralize the sum of the residues at the finite plane many points see that is the reason you see when I try to integrate 1 by W over a sufficiently large circle okay I get if I put positive orientation for this if I put negative orientation for the circle so that it the infinity lies in the interior of that circle okay which actually becomes exterior because of negative orientation then what happens is that I do not get 0 okay even though 1 by W is analytic at infinity I get minus 1 and what is that minus 1 that minus 1 is to it is to neutralize the plus 1 which is the residue at 0 of 1 by W and you see a sum of residues of 1 by W at 0 which is plus 1 and the residue at infinity which is minus 1 they add up to give 0 and this is exactly demonstration of the residue theorem for the external complex plane so the fact is that if you take a function which is analytic at infinity the integral at infinity does not vanish because it actually tries to you know it neutralize the sum of residues at finite at the finite points at the points of the complex plane which are singular points okay that is the reason why the integral at infinity is not giving you 0 that is the reason why Cauchy's theorem fails so Cauchy's theorem fails but it is not in vain you get the residue theorem for the external plane okay so I will elaborate on this next class okay.


Hello everybody! Today we'll be talking about editing a video right on your smartphone or tablet PC with Android or iOS. In one of the briefs showing you how to edit a video on a PC or laptop, you can find the link in the description. And today we'll focus on doing it with mobile devices. Here we go! Hello friends! If you need to recover deleted data, view or restore removed browsing history, Hetman software products will help you. Follow the link in the description, download the necessary program for free. Reinstall it and analyze the disk. The utility will show you the data you can recover, so you will be able to view it or get it back. In our channel and blog you will find solutions to any problem, from installing an operating system or configuring it to fixing possible bugs and errors or optimizing mobile gadgets. Our specialists will answer any questions you ask in your comments under the videos or articles. Edit a new video on an Android device. Just a few years ago, working with a video file on a mobile device was quite a headache. It was easier to transfer the video to a computer for editing, but this option becomes less popular as more and more posts in social media are made with smartphones and tablets rather than conventional desktop computers. With the Google Photos app you can trim a video you made with your smartphone or downloaded to any other mobile device, regardless of what type of the actual device you are using. In most of the cases, an Android device comes with Google Photos pre-installed. Even if it doesn't, there is absolutely no difficulty in installing it on your own. To edit a video with Google Photos, turn the app and open the video you need to work on. After that, select the Edit in function. In the Editor window, use the two white cursors to select the part of the video you want to keep. And then click Save. The app will save the trimmed video to the system memory of your device into the folder Photos Editor. You can also see it in the Google Photos app. If you want, you can use one of the many tools for trimming and editing videos available in Android Play Market. There is a wide choice of such apps, as you can see. I don't think we need a review on every particular one, as they are all very similar. Let's have a look at Ucut. I like it because there is very little advertising. Install and run the program. Tap on the plus button to upload a file for trimming. Select the Trim function. Choose the fragment you would like to see in the target file. Confirm the operation by tapping on the tick button. Tap to save the trimmed video. And that's all. The application saves all edited videos to the Ucut folder in the memory of your device. Editing a video on an iPhone If you are an iPhone user, you can also trim a video in the way I have just described. The Google Photos app has a version for iPhone too. However, iPhone and iPad also have their own application named Photos, which is also good for trimming a video. To do it, start the Photos app and play the video you want to edit. Tap here to edit a file. Drag the sliders on either side of the video timeline to change the beginning and ending times. Tap Done and then Save as new clip. The Photos app for iPhone and iPad saves your edited files as new videos to let you use a short or long version of the video as you like. And that's all for now. If you have any questions about the tools in this video, ask them in your comments and I will do my best to answer them. Hit the like button below and subscribe to Hetman Software channel. Thank you for watching and good luck.


Hello, my name is Peter Barlarin and I'm the Acting Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for the Bureau of African Affairs. Welcome to this interactive web chat jointly organized by my bureau and the Secretary's Office of Global Partnership. This is the third event in a series of Diplomats and Diaspora web chats. Thank you for joining us today. Please send us your questions on Twitter using the hashtag Diaspora Voices and we'll answer as many as we can. You can follow the conversation by using the widget next to the video player and the tweet button below it. The topic of today's discussion, entrepreneurship, is particularly important to the Department of State. The Bureau of African Affairs promotes entrepreneurship as one of the most effective ways to boost Africa's economic growth, spur development and reduce poverty. As we look toward the 16th African Growth and Opportunity Act Forum to be held in Togo this August, we want to think about how we can couple AGOA with our entrepreneurship efforts to further energize trade and development. AGOA is U.S. legislation that significantly enhances market access to the U.S. for qualifying Sub-Saharan African countries. As we see Africa continue to rise, we have the basis for very good discussion about leveraging partnerships with diaspora communities to keep up the momentum. Please let me make clear that today's subject is partnership. We are focused on identifying creative ways we can partner with the diaspora to advance diplomacy and development objectives. We will not be discussing U.S. policy at this time. So today's goal is to focus on the diaspora as a natural structure for linking the United States with Africa. And we want to let the diaspora community know that your influence on diplomacy and development is welcome. In fact, it is invaluable. We also want to highlight that this web chat is taking place during the State Department's Global Partnerships Week. The Secretary's Office of Global Partnerships has worked to expand our engagement with diaspora communities and build public-private partnerships that strengthen diplomacy and development outcomes. The Secretary's Office of Global Partnerships is working closely with USAID on IDEA, the International Diaspora Engagement Alliance, to leverage the global connections of the diaspora community in promoting sustainable development. Now to our panelists. Joining us from Kenya is Abisoye Ajayi. Abisoye is a social impact entrepreneur who facilitates opportunities for vulnerable young girls in Nigeria through her organization, Pearls Africa. Today is International Women's Day and we want to highlight the importance of women entrepreneurs in Africa by featuring one on the program. Abisoye is also a member of the Young African Leaders Initiative, or YALI Network. Tuning in from the U.S. Embassy in Togo, we have my friend and colleague, Ambassador David Gilmour. Joining with us from our Embassy in Zambia is Public Affairs Officer Janet Deutsch. Zambia hosted the AGOA Forum in 2011. To begin the discussion, I'll turn the floor over to our speakers for brief opening remarks. Let's start with Abisoye. Please introduce yourself and share your thoughts about deepening linkages between the African diaspora and regional audiences to advance entrepreneurship. One of the ways whereby partnerships and relationships can be deepened is Africans in diaspora forming groups, groups and thereby exploring crowdfunding opportunities to help entrepreneurship back home. And in doing this, investments, the investment needs to be protected, thereby having strong frameworks that helps in protecting the investments. So diaspora capital, which I call a medium and who knows and understand how the system works in Nigeria and in the U.S. Because this is very crucial in terms of entrepreneurs coming back home or Africans in diaspora coming back home, putting their money down to get things done. You need someone who knows the system, who understand the system and know how the culture works. Thank you. Thanks very much, Abisoye. Ambassador Gilmour, what is your perspective from Togo with the AGOA Forum taking place in Togo this summer? What are your thoughts on using AGOA as a tool to catalyze entrepreneurship? How can diaspora communities do more to connect the two? Thanks, Peter. It's great to see you today and great to be on the program. We're very excited about the AGOA Forum coming to Togo. It's a large event. It brings together government and the private sector and civil society, 38 African countries in the United States, several hundred participants in the forum. So it's going to be a big event for Togo that will put Togo in the spotlight as a leader across the continent in trade. AGOA, of course, was designed to increase trade between the United States and Africa and to help Africa lessen its dependence on foreign aid. And in particular, it was hoped that through AGOA, Africa could increase its manufactured exports. Now, Togo, like many countries across the continent, has struggled to take advantage of AGOA and to increase its manufactured exports. And I think we see here in Togo a couple of constraints, a couple of obstacles, and I think the diaspora can really play an important role in these. One of those is connections with the United States market, and the other is English language skills. I think one of the things that we look at a great advantage for diaspora is that the diaspora can help overcome these challenges, that diaspora know the U.S. market. They understand the preferences of Americans consumers. They know what Americans want to buy and what Africans can sell in the United States. So we look at diaspora as an enormous asset in terms of establishing these economic relationships and seeding start-ups in small business here in Togo. And in terms of English language ability, I mentioned, Togo is a Francophone country, of course, as many of the countries in West Africa are, but of course it sits in the middle of a region of Francophone and Anglophone countries. And of course, its nearest neighbors are Ghana and Nigeria, very large Anglophone economies, which are the largest potential trading partners for the country. But we see because of that language difference, that tends to impede trade in many ways, and of course trade with the United States because of the language difference. And again, I think diaspora can play a very important role there. So thank you again for including me in the discussion today. Thanks a lot, Ambassador. Janet, turning to you and the U.S. Embassy in Zambia, the embassy has made entrepreneurship a focus of its mission strategy. Why is entrepreneurship so important to economic growth in the region, in your view? What are some of the things the embassy has been doing to promote entrepreneurship? Thank you very much. And first, before I get started, I wanted to say what an honor it is to serve on the same panel as Ambassador Gilmore, someone who's own public affairs career I've admired for a long time. So thank you very much. There has been a lot of talk over the past few years, as Ambassador Gilmore referenced as far as I go and trade. There's been a lot of talk over the past few years about the desire of many people and governments in Africa to shift the relationship with the West and in particular with the United States from aid to trade as part of a move for their economic development. Entrepreneurship is and will continue to be a large part of that shift. And the diaspora has a role to play. Many people, likely many people, many members of the diaspora who are taking part in this web chat today have heard other speakers encourage members of the diaspora to move from remittances and growing of wealth and holding of wealth and savings to investment and specifically to investing in Africa. We endorse that. In addition, we believe that members of the diaspora have a role to play in sharing knowledge that they've learned outside of Africa with books on the African continent and a mentor of entrepreneurs to further make that aid to trade shift happen. And our embassies in Africa are here to help members of the African diaspora connect. Two of the strengths that we have here at embassies abroad are convening power and our extensive entrepreneur networks that we've spent time building, both of which we encourage members of the diaspora to make use of. Our embassy in Zambia was invited to this web chat today because of some of the programs that we're undertaking. I just want to mention a few of those. The Zambia Entrepreneurship Summit is an activity that we hold in November as part of Global Entrepreneurship Week. Many members of the diaspora are probably aware that during Global Entrepreneurship Week, many of our embassies around the African continent hold activities with entrepreneurs for networking and other opportunities. Zambia Entrepreneurship Summit is one of those. Last year, this past our most recent entrepreneurship summit, we had more than 1,000 Zambian entrepreneur visitors with 100 exhibitors who were investors and lenders. And so clearly, there is a great interest among Zambian entrepreneurs to access financing and partnerships and investment. Next, I want to mention the United States government funded We Create Center here in Zambia. This is a center for women entrepreneurs to gain skills and access to mentorship to start up and scale up their businesses. And its first year of operating along, which was 2015, that We Create Center in Zambia had more than 3,500 women participate in three programs or more. So again, showing the interest in Zambian women entrepreneurs and accessing skills and building their businesses. That's another way through which the diaspora could be involved with entrepreneurs here in Zambia. Finally, I just want to mention that we have a series of entrepreneurship boot camp programs through which we brought a number of American experts on topics such as financing, management, and marketing that we link with Zambian entrepreneurs. And this would be another way again that members of the diaspora could get involved with entrepreneurship activities going on here in Zambia. So I look forward to this discussion. I'll turn it back over to our colleagues in Washington. Thank you. Thanks very much, Janet. Now let's take some questions from our online viewers. Please keep tweeting your questions using the hashtag diaspora voices. You can use the Twitter widget next to the video player. The first question we have comes from Martin on Twitter. How can African diaspora in the United States help shift the dial from aid to trade and work within job creation? Dave, do you want to take a whack at that? Well, I think that's where maybe to just build on what Janet was saying a few moments ago about the ability of our embassies to make connections. And this is something where we stand ready to do that. We have lots of connections here, certainly across the government in every country where there's an American embassy. And we have an American embassy in just about every country of sub-Saharan Africa. But we have a wide range of contexts. And then the business community, civil society, kind of all the major actors across society. And so if U.S.-based diaspora are interested in doing business in Africa, coming back to invest, certainly one of their first stops should be the embassy because we can help plug them into all kinds of connections. And we do that here in Togo. We do that all the time. And maybe the flip side of that is that we've made an active outreach to the Togo-Lease diaspora in the United States. Since we're dealing with Togo, we've limited to that audience. And we found that that's been a wonderful interchange. And they had never really thought about necessarily getting in contact with us. And so we have become a conduit, a kind of a channel for communication to connect them with people certainly in the Togo-Lease government, but with business people as well, with people in finance, you know, potential investors in businesses. And so I think we, the U.S. embassies across the continent can play a really important role that way. Thanks a lot, Dave. And that's really a great feather in the embassy, Lome's cap. And I think we should use that as a model for other embassies. And also it's a lesson to the diaspora communities from other countries that they get in touch with the U.S. embassies in their countries of origin. Next, we have a question for Abisoya, I think, would be best place to answer this one. You mentioned crowdfunding. How can an entrepreneur connect their crowdfunding campaign with the relevant diaspora group in the United States? I'm going to build on what Ambassador said. He made mention of the embassies. I believe the embassies have reliable resources. They have reliable sources. And they know who the real entrepreneurs are, who are making the change, who are actually making the difference, and who needs the money. So really going through the embassy is a first step. IRC, U.S. consulates of different countries in Africa, then being able to connect with specific groups in the U.S. So really the embassy is more or less the medium man in this, because the embassy knows both parties in the U.S. and Africa. So being a member of setting departments at the embassy, for instance, IRC, I joined IRC and I was able to learn so much from different parts of the world back in Nigeria. So I can imagine a lot of people being part of IRC or Yali network. You get to know who needs what, who is doing what, and who is making a difference, and who needs money, who needs investments. So really the embassy is a first point of call because they know everybody, they know all the groups who are relevant to what we need to get done. Thanks a lot, Abisoya. Just to clarify, Abisoya is from Nigeria, but she's currently in Kenya doing work for her group, Pearls Africa. So thank you very much for that response. Next, we have a question from Afro-Brit on Twitter. And maybe I'll ask Janet to answer this one. What are the best examples of diaspora mobilization and how best can they be scaled and replicated? Thank you for that question. We would in fact like to see more diaspora engagement here with entrepreneurs in Zambia. Again, I think opportunities to network with entrepreneurs here in Zambia and other African countries to share knowledge, to consider partnerships, to consider investments, to mentor those who are in African countries. We have yet to see much of it here in Zambia. However, I know there's a wide network of members of the African diaspora who are already involved, like I said, in things like remittances and things like communications with folks in their home country. So we would like to see this deepened. Again, that can be done through engagement with the State Department and with our embassies, contacting us through our Facebook page or other social media outlets are always great ways to do that. And we'd like to see that deepened. Thank you, Janet. The next question we have is, can you tell us how important it is to support and partner with startups for economic growth and job creation, both in the United States and Africa? Are there any examples you can provide? Maybe we could start with Ambassador Gilmore in Togo and then maybe Abisoye might have some views from the perspective of a woman entrepreneur. Well, it's certainly very important in terms of, we do a lot of supporting startups here on the ground. And we've got some really nice examples here in Lomé that we've managed to get through a number of ways, through Yali, the Young African Leaders Initiative, young people who have gone to the States and gotten entrepreneurship training, come back and started their own businesses, our self-help, the Ambassador's Health Help Fund, which is something that exists across the continent and all of our embassies give small grants. And as a matter of fact, today, Peter, you mentioned earlier that it's International Women's Day. We had a big celebration here this morning in our embassy. And one of the ways we celebrated was to bring in about a dozen women entrepreneurs who the embassy has supported. And I think almost 11 out of the 12 that were here were former grantees of our self-help program. And some of them are running really successful businesses now that are really going. So the point is it doesn't even take that much capital. The self-help grants are a few thousand dollars, not even that much. So a little bit of capital can make a big difference and really can get a business going. Where the diaspora certainly can come in, we heard earlier about the mention of crowdfunding and certainly access to capital is always the biggest challenge for business people, for startups, business people just getting started, not only in Africa, of course, but in the United States. I mean, that's the case as well. And most American entrepreneurs starting out have to fund their business by borrowing money from family members or friends.  So America and Africa are not that different in that sense. But I think there's a great role to be played. And again, I think the embassies can help make some of those connections because we are already in the business of providing seed capital to entrepreneurs and are literally helping a lot of them get started. Yeah, that's fantastic. Abisoya, do you have anything to add? Sure, startups are creators of jobs. So when you have a startup who is employing 50, I mean, 50 people, 30 people, it's a big deal. We have a couple of them back in Nigeria. For instance, we have the CC Hub combines different startups in the building and they give mentoring advice, they give support. They even give grants. We have idea hub. We have budgets. Budget is a startup by itself. And what do they do? They break down the budgets of the country by infographics. So they make you understand this. And they have up to 30 employees and this is a startup that started five years ago. So having support of the US, having support of people giving grants or partnering with this startup goes a long way because you are indirectly giving people jobs and you giving people jobs is affecting the economy at large positively. So it's a good thing, yeah. Thank you very much. May I add to that as well, please? Yeah, please. Thank you. I just wanted to add also some of the most successful efforts we've seen in helping entrepreneurs start up, our scale up if they already have small businesses, our mentorship opportunities and intensive build of business type sessions. Our Recreate Center in Zambia here does a lot of that. We've seen some great success stories on scale ups and startups because of the mentorship that is linking more experienced people in business with people who are just getting started. So there's a Zambian potato lady, for example, who had an idea, she grew some produce, she wasn't making much money just enough to get by. She collectivized with a group of women and organized them to agree to grow potatoes in a large scale, did not have any capacity to do that. They had an idea, they wanted then to, they thought, how can we process this food and have some value added to this? They had this vision to freeze and sell chopped potatoes as french fries, frozen french fries in grocery stores. So all they had was an idea and the willpower. They went through sessions, they had a lot of mentoring and the Recreate Center also helped these women partner and find partners. So they were able to find partners in agro-processing and people who owned farmland that they could rent at low cost and in farm equipment. And now they're already cultivating, I don't recall how many hectares, but a huge expanse of potatoes. They have an agreement already with the largest grocery store in Zambia to provide these frozen chips once they get this first harvest and produce and have the production of these frozen chips. So again, what's made the difference in this startup and scale up is mentorship and finding and connecting and networking for opportunities for partnership. And again, the diaspora has a role to play in that through connecting to some of these activities that are going on in countries around Africa. There's an opportunity to be part of that mentorship. There's an opportunity to be part of those partnerships. There's an opportunity to get in on investments. And so I just wanted to add that, again, mentorship and partnership are great. Have been very successful here in Zambia, particularly. Thanks, Janet. We are very pleased and proud to be able to support the We Create Center in Lusaka. And there's another one in Nairobi. I think they've been extremely successful. And we're also, we're very pleased to partner with Caterpillar Foundation on delivering this excellent model for helping women entrepreneurs. The next, we have a question from Corey on Twitter. Where are there opportunities for mutually beneficial trade between the United States and Africa? Does AGOA provide any opportunities? Dave, I think that this is a good question for you because you're going to be the host of the next AGOA forum in Lomay this late summer, early fall. So what would you suggest would be a good response to this question from Corey? Well, I think there are a lot of opportunities. When you look at a market like West Africa where we are, it's 300 million consumers. That's almost the size of the United States in terms of population. And you have some real giants like Nigeria, close by the largest economy on the continent. And what we're seeing here is an increased ties and connections within the sub-regional West Africa. It's becoming easier and easier in terms of air transport and that sort of thing. And with reforms going on and telecommunication in different countries. So we're seeing more and more trade over the borders. It's still a tough challenge for sure. But if somebody is looking to come in for opportunities from the outside, I think they're definitely there. In terms of AGOA, one thing that we're hoping to encourage for the AGOA here in Togo is a lot of dialogue between government and private sector because that's one thing that I see that's a big challenge. Certainly here in West Africa, but across the continent as well, that there's not enough dialogue between private sector and government in that quite often governments will make reforms, but then they don't necessarily always listen very well to what the private sector has to say. Or there isn't kind of a feedback loop the way there needs to be to give the government feedback on those reforms and to see how effective they are. Or indeed, are those even the reforms that business needs to advance? So I think that aspect of dialogue is something that we're gonna be working on and try to build into the AGOA forum here this summer. That would be an excellent addition to the forum and I'm really looking forward to coming out and participating in the forum. I note that Lome has a new airport and a great port facility, so I think that will help facilitate expanded two-way trade with the United States. I've got a question from a member of the African diaspora in Minnesota. How can the United States-based entrepreneurs doing business in Africa use local expertise to facilitate business in Africa? Can the US embassies help? Maybe I'll turn to Janet for answering that question. I think, again, part of what, as I've said before, part of what US-based entrepreneurs can bring to African countries are expertise that they've learned outside of African countries and also investment opportunities, partnership opportunities. But I also want to mention, when we're talking about mutually beneficial trade and trade going both ways, there are great examples of African entrepreneurs, leaders in entrepreneurship in Africa who are already seeking opportunities to partner with folks in the United States for this mutually beneficial trade. I related a couple of examples from Zambia. So we have a young African leadership initiative fellow who is an entrepreneur in biofuels in Zambia. He's amazing, he's very successful, has great ideas, has challenges. Again, as Ambassador Gilmore mentioned, always access to capital challenges, partnership challenges, marketing and increasing his profile in the region and internationally. He has reached out to folks in the United States for help in obtaining the enzymes that he needs to process his product. So an opportunity for businesses in the United States to also enter the market in Zambia. Also, there's a company called Dotcom Zambia, another one of my favorite companies by a young Zambian entrepreneur that has undertaken online shopping here in Zambia. It's great and this company brings in products from the United States and around the world as part of this online shopping experience. And so there again, an opportunity to link with a Zambian entrepreneur who is looking for partners to buy products from the United States for sale here in Zambia. And I also wanna make a plug for embassy commercial services because not only do our commercial services at embassies help American businesses connect with markets overseas but also provide services to African business people who are seeking partners in the United States or goods and services in the United States. So I wanted to mention that as well, thank you. Thanks, thanks Janet. So the next question is, what is the mission of US embassies and why would they care about entrepreneurship? Maybe I'll take a whack at that and then ask Ambassador Gilmour if he has anything to add. I think the US embassies overseas are there to explain US policy and US culture to host country governments and also the people of the country. And then to understand better what the policies of the host country government and what's going on in the country to be able to explain it back to the United States. Why is entrepreneurship important to us? Because we view entrepreneurship as being a fundamental part of economic growth and development. Without entrepreneurship, it's very, very difficult to achieve the higher levels of growth that will eventually lead to a reduction in poverty and it's a fundamental part of all economies but those economies that are able to capture the spirit of entrepreneurship are much, much better able to have a successful dynamic economy. Dave, do you have anything to add in that respect? Thanks Peter. I think the way we talk about it here, I get the same kind of question even from local business people. Why is the embassy involved in some of these kind of activities? And what I always say is that the United States interests here in Togo and of course indeed across the continent is that we want African countries to be secure, prosperous and democratic. And the way that we achieve those goals in one of the important ways is to ensure the prosperity and to increase the prosperity and as you say, reduce poverty and the best way to reduce poverty of course is to get people a job. And you get people a job by creating the conditions so the business can flourish. And so that's our national interest and it's as simple as that I think. Well said. Abisoye, maybe you can answer this next question. How can entrepreneurship tackle social problems in Africa? This is effectively what you're doing. Entrepreneurship empowers people obviously and when entrepreneurship empowers people they're able to explore talent and resources around them. There are problems everywhere and entrepreneurs are there to actually identify what these problems are. Some are making money because they've identified problems and they are creating jobs because they've identified problems. So they've been able to create solutions to certain problems because they've been able to identify them. And from the social entrepreneurship experts when we see problems we are moved to solve them. So in essence we're investing in the lives of people by what we do when we invest in people when we invest in the life of young girls and women. So really entrepreneurship goes a long way. Opportunities are unests and they are also there to solve challenges really. Thank you very much. So Wisdom Akari on Twitter asks how do you aid of African small to medium size enterprises and startups for inclusive growth and sustainable development? Janet maybe you could answer that question from the perspective of we create centers and what you're doing in Lusaka. Thank you for that. So inclusive growth can only happen if we have folks at the SME level the small business level growing into the middle class. And so this training for example that and mentorship and partnership that's built by the We Create Zambia Center provides skills, provides these connections for Zambian women, business owners, small business owners, many of them, the market traders and farming women teaches them and works with them to help take their business idea and make it a reality turn it into an actual SME that's formalized in the economy and that builds this inclusive growth. And so they're moving again Zambia into growing the middle class in Zambia which is great. Thank you very much, Janet. Next question, we're just a small startup. Would an embassy even take my call? I think Janet, do you wanna answer that one? Thank you, contact us. First step would be to contact us for example through our Facebook page. Let us know your interests. We would love to connect you to a resource such as We Create Zambia Center for those African countries where no We Create Center exists. Most of our embassies around the continent have wide, expansive networks with entrepreneurs. We've worked with them. We love to see them succeed and for most of us here at embassies too it gives us great pleasure to see these partnerships made and so we very much would like to connect more with folks who are interested at small scale level. People who have a great idea, people who've been doing this for a while. We'd love to connect you with resources, with mentors, skills opportunities. So please do get in touch with us out of posts. Thanks a lot. Given that it's International Women's Day here's a relevant question. What is the importance of women's entrepreneurship in Africa? Maybe again, Abisoya could answer that question. Using Africa as a case study, majority of producers are women and being able to transform their lives economically goes a long way. The community benefits from this. The economy benefits from this. The country benefits from this. So it's a mistake when you don't empower women and you don't believe in entrepreneurship for women because women bring a big and great perspective to businesses. They have different perspective to where they see things. Where we see things, right? It's different. And kind of passion we have towards things. We are here for progress. And looking at it from this angle, women are managers. We manage resources differently and permit me to use this example. When you give a woman money, she looks at the family first. Oh, my children needs to be okay. The entire family needs to be good. I have a feeling when you give a man money, you probably need to get a car for social status. Because so when you don't empower women and you don't have women in places of businesses, it's a mistake because the communities are lost as a result. Thank you. Well, thank you very much. I acknowledge the criticism. We're our final question from Twitter is, I guess this is to me, how is the State Department leveling the playing field with respect to working with the African diaspora? I suppose that means how are we leveling the playing field with governments in Africa and making sure that the diaspora gets fair and equitable treatment in countries. And I think as Ambassador Gilmour can attest, we do a lot with trying to improve the ease of doing business in countries because it's a good thing for the countries and the economies to attract US investment and trade, but also from other countries. So in that respect, I think that that's the way we level the playing field. And we look forward to working with the diaspora community and getting ideas from you, as I said in my opening remarks. We've come to the end of the program now, but before we close it out, I'd like to each of you to share some brief parting thoughts with our audience. Please just keep it short, no more than a minute. Let's start with Abisoye, if we could. Also being part of International Women's Day, I would say an empowered woman educates the family. And when you educate your family, the entire community benefits from this. So when a woman is not empowered, meaning when she's disempowered, everybody suffers from this. Thank you. Thank you very much. Ambassador Gilmour? Thanks, Peter. Maybe I'll just mention a couple of things. One, I think an important role for, or an important issue with diaspora is getting over mistrust. We have a situation here in Togo, and I think it exists with a lot of countries where people have left the country over the years, perhaps because of political instability or other difficulties. And maybe they're overseas, they're in the diaspora now and they wanna come back, but there's mistrust on both sides. And I think both sides have a role and a responsibility in the sense that African governments need to reach out to their diaspora in an active way. And that's something we certainly encourage here on this end. But then also people in the diaspora also have to realize and maybe consider that aspect, if they are looking to come home and do business, to keep the focus on aspects that are not political in order to try to raise that trust level. I also just wanna give a big pitch for US-based diaspora because I think diaspora who live in America, who worked and been educated in the United States, bring something very special that other diaspora who live in Europe, maybe in other places don't have. I think Americans have a special attitude toward free enterprise and entrepreneurship and a kind of natural optimism in the way that we do business. And I think that that's something that's greatly needed. And so I think they bring an important kind of business culture that other countries don't have. And I think, and that's why we certainly wanna encourage more and more US-based diaspora to come back and invest. Totally agree on that point. I mean, they have a foot in both worlds. So it's extremely important that we work with them and they work with us. Lastly, but not leastly, Janet. Thank you. I just wanna build on the first point that Ambassador Gilmour just made. And that is, there are a lot of reasons why a business person or someone in the United States could give an excuse for not coming to an African country to involve themselves with entrepreneurs here. So access to credit, we talked about infrastructure for power, for water, distribution systems and other business needs are expensive or make doing business difficult and expensive. Regulation can make registering businesses, owning businesses, operating businesses difficult. But you know what, entrepreneurs here in Africa are already getting past these challenges. They're already out here doing great things. And it's amazing to see and to cheer on. And we really recommend and encourage members of the diaspora to come out and get all of us to the embassy and check and see what's going on here. Because they're already a lot of great opportunities to invest, partner, and we welcome that. So thank you so much for your questions and ideas on diaspora engagement and partnerships. Thank you to our live viewing groups including US Embassy Abuja, Nigeria. Check out the ideas webpage, www.diasporaalliance.org, diaspora alliance all one word and sign up to receive updates to stay informed on future events. Keep the discussion going on hashtag diaspora voices. I think I can speak for all of us here that this was a very productive conversation. Thank you and have a very good day. Bye bye now.


In today's video, we're checking on my $1,000 TCG purchase and we're going to check on the ones from the last two years as well. Let's see how much money I've lost. All right, guys, before we hop into it, we're doing a $50 TCG player gift card giveaway. Just like the video, be subscribed, turn on notifications. Let me know down below. Did we make any money on any year? Like did anything go up? Which is, it's pretty unusual, but let me know down below. Let's get to it. All right, right off the bat, let's just start off. I think we should probably start with year one. I mean, we have a lot to go through. So we have year one, two and now three. So we have three separate years. I'm going to go through these pretty quick because now that we have three separate years to check, the video could be really, really long. So first off, let's go check on our blue eyes, ulti blue eyes. They've not been performing that well. All right, blue eyes, white dragon, baby. Give us some money. Blue eyes, ulti first edition. I've got a little story, by the way. When we get to year three out, we've got a little story going on.  There's a little story going on with one of the cards. Okay, five, four. This is weird shipping. We'll do 455, I guess. This is first set.  I know we've lost $21, 82% of our money. Uh, we don't need to talk about that. That just pretend like it didn't happen. Okay, near mint unlimited. We're definitely making our money back 335. Definitely, right? No, we're not. We're not 57%. All right, silent swordsman. Another one that would have performed well, had our return and got another one. The thing is what I've been able to get one. Maybe, maybe not. Not really sure. This is a beautiful looking card. By the way, I still have all these cards. The only ones I've sold were the Trap Tricks. Trap on my merits from year two. So I have all these cards still and, uh, we're getting it a little bit should have sold them. Okay, 56, 22. Just kidding. These are cool cards. So I'm not, it's, it's all right. It's, it's fine that we spent $3,000 on TCG player and probably have like none of our money left. Hey, look, we only lost 35% of our money. Not too bad. Astral Leviathan. Surely that'll help us, right? Yeah. Leviathan dragon. Yeah. Getting more prints recently. I think, or did they print this? No, they printed utopia. Oh, great. Yeah. I think we bought a utopia too. Didn't we? Let's see. Near met first debt. Still 110 bucks, 3495. Okay. This is literally getting worse. How is this getting worse? We've lost 74, 75 dollars. Oh, that's the biggest number. Like the percentages isn't as bad as the blue eyes, but we only spent a total of $26. We spent $110 on the Leviathan.  Lightning storm might be able to upstage it though. I think we're going to be losing more money on this one. This one was actually doing well for a while, but then, you know, rarity collection happened. So yeah, this thing is not going to be holding up so high. Let, oh my, that's just in the last three months. Look at the last year. This is where we were. This is where it is now, 79.95. Oh my goodness. Starlight rare RIP starlight rares. I mean, completely getting waxed. Solid morning.  Oh no. Chill out to be keyboard. My keyboard is now sticky King constantly. And I don't know why it's like new. So I don't know how it's happening already. It's like malfunctioning or something. It's really unfortunate. Oh wait, this is this is getting a print ready collection too. So it'll get crushed. Don't worry. Don't have no fear. This is a 299 shipping. So we're going to make that 56 26 instead of 54 56 26. Wow. Only $13. It's the closest we've gotten only lost less than 20% of our money. Slightly less a dusting gold. Okay. Evil hero a dusty gold had a random blueprint since then. Seeker rare brothers a legend. This was a terrible decision. 298. Let's go. Yeah. Elements or elemental hero Stratos isn't isn't Stratos in rarity collection too as well. They're personally targeting like Konami's like, okay, what did ruxin invest in in his $1,000 TCG player purchase? We're going to reprint those in rarity collection. I think that's what's happening because they're targeting our cards. All right. 99 95 for verified 99 95. Don't worry guys. We only lost $50 and 4 cents. This first year is getting depressing. So it looks like I'm hoping that what happens at some point like in like year seven of this series if we keep going that long is that like eventually some of these cards like they get their reprints they get destroyed and then they slowly start taking back up. The question is will they ever get back to that price that they were at when we bought them? Probably not. But maybe in like 10 15 years we'll be able to see them go and then just slowly make their way back up. That's what I'm hoping that's really all I can hope for at this point because we are getting absolutely massacred red eyes flare metal. Okay. Red eyes flare metal ghost near me. This one actually was near meant first at 63 95. Wow. What? This thing's that cheap rarity collection. Curse you rarity collection. They literally reprinted like three of the cards in here for the cards if you include rarity collection too. So flare metal lightning storm solid mornings upcoming. I think Stratos is upcoming. I'm sure blue eyes will be in something at some point. I mean it's as a million lieth and dragon is probably going to be in Brothers of Legend reprint number seven or whatever. Where's Triumph tech? This is the only one holding up because you can't really they're not going to reprint boxes. They might I say that I say that I shouldn't say anything. No reprint it. Okay. Verified 80. This is $15 shipping. I think this is the same guys last year. I'm pretty sure last time we checked out our last three months ago. Whatever. So I think we put that at 95 or well I guess we take $4 up $5 up for shipping. Let's call it 90 99. As you can see it looks like the sealed product was our best choice. We lost 8%. We have literally lost 50%. Let's see what it was last time. Hey, we actually did check last time right here. You guys can see we had 490 lost. Oh wait. No nevermind. That's lost. Okay. Here's what we had. So we've technically lost about 17 bucks since last time. Here's the original. So the first time we went up 27 bucks. Then we're down a little bit. Then we're down a little bit more. You can see the progression. 660 bucks. The 551 bucks 510 bucks 493. We're literally at like less than 50% value of what we spent. It's absolutely terrible. Let's just go to year two and see if it'll be a little better. All right. Sky's tracker A's rose. Let's keep going. I don't know. Maybe these will be a little better. Maybe these will be a little better because they are not so old, but maybe not. Let's see 24 cents. So we bought three of them. So we lost 260. Wow. These are worth nothing now. Okay. Dark arm dragon. I know this one hasn't held up very well, but it shouldn't be like as bad as some of the other ones we've seen because it hasn't had a million prints. So near mint though, near mint 3495. It's not horrible. Just being in the ballpark these days is great. Colossal fighter eventually is going to get a reprint for, I really should sell this because it's going to get a reprint for Edison and then it's going to be very, very cheap. Okay. Colossal fighter ultimate. Okay. This actually has pictures. Sometimes I skip these because I think they're foreign 9999 for that one. And that's pictures. It's the only one. Is it actually near mint? It's hard to tell from that picture. Edgeware a little bit. That picture is pretty sketchy. So let's see. Let's see if there's any. Have there been any sales recently that corroborate a $100 one? They've been selling 116, 110, 112, 140. Yeah. I think we're going to go with the non picture one because I can't really even see that picture. 114, 93, 114, 93. We've actually, wow. I need to sell this card. This card is worth 34 more or $26 more. Ally of Justice, Catastor. I mean, this is our only chance to lock in any profits. But at the same time, you know, maybe we just hang on to it and just let it ride, you know, $100 on that one. We've actually made money on those two. Thank you, Edison format. The only thing that's carrying the series. Ash blossom enjoy a string. We have string. Ash blossom enjoy a string. That's okay. That is not what we're looking for. Okay. We had the mega 10 version. Where are they? 10 of Pharaoh gods. This is a 599. That's what I'm talking about. We're making our way back up. All right. We have still lost $24. But hey, we're making our way back up. Pot of Desires, Ulti. This one I remember was not in the condition it was stated. It had a big old blob on the back and it had rarity collection reprint. So 24, 26, even for near meant ours was not near meant, but that's fine. Traptor trap old nightmare. We locked this in it. What was this? What was the sale at 292.26? That's the only reason this year is going to hold up at all to Black Luster soldier. See if these have made a run at all. We have the secret rares. Whoa. Okay. I don't even know what that sound was 1116. I sold all of mine to sassy Otto for like really cheap. So congrats sassy Otto besides this one that I bought on TCG player, but hey, a 42% increase in diffusion. That's why I should I should just ask sassy Otto. Next year, what should I invest in that? Then I'll actually like do something. I'll actually get something good because he's a genius. 129 90. Wait, what's instant fusion on the come up 7%? Okay. I like it. Night beam up next instant fusion. We are, we need to be celebrating this. This is insane night beam. What, what, what, what, what do you got? What, what 1094? That's about what we paid. I think 10 10.94 times some of these were not we're not near met, but I don't think we cared. Baxia. What you got for us? Ultimate rare first edition 1799. So that's not going to quite cut it. Yazi evil of the angzing. So far this has been a much better year than the previous because we're actually making money on a couple cards, which is great to see 1248 not on that one. That one got killed. I think that one was I might have been rarity collection to rescue rabbit because every single card ever was in rarity collection or rarity collection too. So it's going to be hard for this series going for it. Okay. We didn't buy a CR. We bought a secret, right? Okay. Secret rare near mint. Oh, what the, why are you rolling me up?  Stop doing that 1594 for first ed losing money on that one. Rising energy. I feel like that could have been. I feel like everything was in rarity collection. I came in to remember rising energy. We collected all the cards. So I have them somewhere first ed near mint. I've got a story to still tell about year three. So yeah, it's a wild one. It is pretty unfortunate. I'll say that. Whoa. Oh, that's times two. That's why I was like, what the? Yeah. We knew we over invested now in fiber jar. Yeah. We got to refund for that after like two months took forever. Drone lock bird. I think these were doing good last time. Let's see if they still are. Drone lock bird regular rare from Tama $4.  We bought these on the cheap. Oh my goodness. That times four bucks. That is $12. We made 700. Wow. 757% increase. That was a good investment on those drone lock birds. They were literally a dollar 40 divided by three. That's how much they were like 40 something cents. Gay guardian. The way here's a big one. Here's a big L. This is the way you can't let chat decide for you. Okay. Midterm paradox, baby. These suckers are worth. There is literally a 3 cent listing with 3 cent sales. 3 cents. We paid like $5 each. Oh my goodness. Three cents. All 23 are worth 69 cents. Now one of them we paid like 10 times as much for one that 23 of them are worth. We lost 99% of the value. That's like buying like a crypto and it just of course inevitably goes to zero. That's what just happened there. Wow. That is that is sad. Okay. That is completely just complete destruction of the wallet right there. Just don't even ever consider investing in a speed dual secret rare of gay guardian. It is a bad a bad idea, which now the three cents. So maybe like you could actually make some penny stocks off of it, you know, because it's worth nothing. All right. 64 99 collectors cash go and but 14 of those Canyon moth. Of course these made money because they're the rarest cards out there, but he moth metal Raiders. Let's see. These are 26 cents. That is unbelievable. Completely false. I don't believe it for one second lost 58%. So overall we made 2% on our money. We made half as much as it would just put it in a high yield shape savings account. Who is proud guys? We did a great job. So proud of us. We could have just put it in a savings account. Not even worried about it. We didn't even consider tax. So we lost money. Okay. But guess what guys? They're still your three. Nothing to worry about. This is going to be a longer one. All right. For some reason this was not listed separately as the ghost. So I'm going to have to go find it. Uh, Gold ghost. There it is. So always makes it difficult near mint 25, none of eight. So yes, we have in fact made money on that one. That's nice. Dogmatic Ecclesia ultimate rare. I remember this being really cheap. Let's see if it still is. I think it still is to be honest. So maybe we'll have a little bit more time. It'll go up near mint 12 whole dollar race. We did not make money there. Nekagall number one. Let's see. One of the meme purchases. Somebody donated for that one. Nekagall number one near mint. Anybody 175. So that's not going to hold up. Oh wait. No, no, it's not. We are losing money on the Nekagalls. Trap tricks were fleas yet. Trap tricks was good to us last time, but there's no trap tricks trucks or deck coming out this year. So it's going to make it a little bit more difficult for us to make money on this 21 68. Hey, we did it. We made a little bit of money. All right. 25th anniversary. No, look, the LOB boxes did go up. Legend of blue eyes. These went up to like a hundred some dollars. Yeah. A hundred nine ninety nine. So stocks, we should have done more of those. And I think these will hold up because these aren't just going to get an immediate reprint little D up next. So the stocks, as you can see, 25th anniversary boxes. I do believe in those. They're very solid. So I'm very pumped that that worked out. And if you guys want to see any of the videos previously, where we actually bought these cards, where we opened the mail for them, go check them out on the screen right here. They'll be up. There's a whole playlist for the one K investment because you do this many times a year, probably like six videos a year on this. Judge. OK, here we go. Here's the story. Judgement dragon. You guys may have seen the mail day. If you didn't go check it out where we got the judgment dragon back. The guy said it's near meant. I look at it. There's a bit all the way through the car. So I hit up the guy. Hey, his car doesn't bend in. And he's like, OK, you can return it. So I'm like, OK, cool. So I returned it to him. He offers another card. I look at it. He said he's like, oh, I got one here that slightly played that you could take with a little refund. I looked at it. I thought it was like heavy play, to be honest. So I just said no. So we didn't do that. So I returned it. Got a refund, which was great. Put out a little post on Instagram. Hey, anybody got a judgment dragon? Get a message from tricky ending on Instagram. I've met him card party. Really cool guy. It's like I got one and I was like, OK, I'll pay you the 180 we paid like for the other one. He's like, no, dude, don't worry about it. You don't need to pay that much. Just pay a hundred. I'm like, are you sure? He's like, yeah, sure. I'm like, all right, sure. So I so he sent it to me. I paid him a hundred bucks, whatever. Guess what happens? It gets lost. Yeah. So first the first ones back condition replacement one was not in good condition either reliable seller. I knew would actually have a nice near mint copy for me offers it to me not even for a hundred for 100 not even for 180 for a hundred bucks. So giving us a big discount just because they're like, I got it for a hundred. You can have it for a hundred. And I was like, that's super clutch. And it gets lost and to top it all off, he threw in a little bonus pack for us to open a heavy start us over drive. So we literally didn't get the card like multiple times and he threw in a heavy start us over drive pack. We were going to get to open. So that got lost. Shout out to the post office for being awesome. Just kidding. They're terrible. Every time I go in, I wait 45 minutes to pick on my mail. So annoying. So yeah, unfortunate. There are some people at the post office though. If you do see this at the post office, I like some of you, you guys are working there. But sometimes it's rough. Okay. But yeah, that's what happened with Judgement Dragon. Very sad, very disappointing to be honest because tricky and then go check about on Instagram threw in a free pack for he didn't make any money on the card through a free pack and it gets of course gets lost. So even refund like, dude, don't worry about refunding me. He refunds me anyway. So right now we're just going to calculate it like we have like we have one. I'm going to try to find another one. If you guys have a Judgement Dragon hit me up because I'm still trying to, I haven't actually spent our one K because I got a refund for it. So twice, twice.  It's cursed. Give me one that I will not be cursed on. Maybe when I go to an event this year, I can find one and buy one and then that way like, I know it won't get lost in the mail and I could look at the condition everything. Okay. So that was a super sad story. That's what happened. Unfortunately. Let's see what the near mint cost is first edition. It is one nine nine nine five. Okay. One nine nine nine five. Very nice. Looking good on that one actually too bad. We don't actually have the card. That would help. Okay. Zushan or let's go for that one. Yeah. Very cool card. Yada yada. Okay. I guess it's unleashed right. Yeah. It's the older one. This one is nine cents. So okay. We've somehow lost money on this card. Equals. Why don't I make two? I don't know why I made two lines for this, but there's two lines. So I guess cause two different packages who just made it easier. So yeah. So we lost money even on the 19 cent card. It still went down somehow cause some we had to pay 21 cents. I see Mirage of Nightmare. No, no, no more Zushan. More Zushan. I guess we had to play 25 cents on those. So we are taking a big L on those Mirage of Nightmare up next. As you can see, not exactly an exciting exciting check-in this time. We kind of got waxed this time. Mirage Nightmare 550. Okay. 5.50. We got three of these actually. So we actually got multiple quantities on a lot of things, which we don't normally do or not this much at least. Okay. So that one's still taking an L destroy Phoenix and forces. This one will be interesting because it was pretty cheap when we bought it. Not the Starlight Rare. It would be pretty cool. We got, what do we get? The Burst of Destiny or the, you get the secret. I think that means Burst of Destiny. So 4.99. Let's see what the price, yeah. Yeah, it was three bucks. So it was this one. Let me see. All right. So we actually made money on the, that made sense. That was a really cheap card for how good it was. Heavy Storm. Let's keep going. All right. The unlimited 5.99. I think we spent 5, right? No, 5.49. Okay. So we made 50 cents. I'm not mad about that. Brilliant Fusion. I think Brilliant Fusion. People were really like happy about those. This shop that sold us to them, sold us super clean copies. They were like, ooh, this is a cool card. All right. 23.98. So we didn't make any money, but we're not getting killed yet. Lost 4%, not the worst thing ever. Draco Sack. Let's see what that one got. When we get like way into the series, we have like multiple years at some point. I will, I will do these ahead of time and like maybe we'll check on the current year and I'll just kind of review the other ones, but you know, maybe we'll even start doing that this year because this is taking a little bit of time. If you like it longer though, let me know if you like the like maybe not because normally they're like 10 minutes, which is a little short. So this might be a happy medium for that. We made 5%, not bad, which is not much, but it's something bearing the floor. Okay. Now we're checking in on a rarity collection options. I think we did supers. Yeah, we did supers here. So let's rarity collection. What are these worth? 74 cents. Somehow these have gone down even more. Linda the Light Charmer, our big starlight rare. 288. You are also down, but who is it? Dingyirsu. All right. Dingyirsu QCR going down already 949. All right. Lava golem. We bought a few of these QCRs. There's no way these are $20 still, right? There's no way that'd be insane. Yeah, 1510. I was about to say that would be pretty insane if they were and that means we've also about 25% on each of those a little bit more and some of them evenly matched. You are evenly matched. We went with the Ultras on this one. These are literally the same price. So, okay. Moving on. A lighting storm. Let's see what you are doing lightning storm. Are you holding up as well? This is my typing skills. They're not good. 85 cents. No, you are not holding up. Not great reasoning our last card. I don't think this is going to get us back. What do we get? Like an ultimate or something? Prismatic ultimate on this one. 53 cents. So you aren't doing so hot either, which means this year we have already lost 5% and it's only been three months. Not off to a great start because usually the first three months is where you actually make something. So overall, the investments these days in Yu-Gi-Oh. I mean, as you can see, it's never been great, but it's getting worse and worse. It's just like slowly they get worse and worse and worse. So not awesome. If you guys enjoyed the series and want to see more, make sure to subscribe to the channel and hopefully at some point it will be worth buying cards and you're not going to like slowly just die. Shout out to ToFoShow, Puffin Zidoo, Ernesto Dianne, America Deutcher, KK Beats, another side show, Ian Moosey Jr. Barney, Robert F. Thomas McClain, Chang-Ling, and Al Delso, Galicia Jr. Thank you guys for supporting the channel and I'll see you guys in the next one. Peace.