The Veterinary and Livestock Division is issuing a final appeal to farmers before instituting the impounding of animals under the 2005 Animal Act. The additional emphasis on securing stray animals comes after months of sensitization and deliberation with farmers on the long-standing issue of unsecured animals posing hazards to pedestrians and vehicular traffic on the road network. Chief Veterinary Officer Dr. Sharmin Melville Edwin explained that whilst the sensitization efforts have been successful in the past, the stray and wandering cattle population remains a major issue. We understand the needs of our cattle farmers. We understand the challenges that they face, especially those who are not landowners. And we understand these challenges. We understand the need also for food security and food sovereignty. And so we have been working with them, speaking with them, discussing strategies and solutions to eliminate, to alleviate the wandering cattle and stray cattle on our highways, which also pose a high risk and a pose a hazard to motorists, pose a hazard to pedestrians. They also hazard to unproperty owners as well. Several control measures have been implemented as part of the Stakeholder Sensitization Campaign, including the targeting of animals in order to identify the animal's location and owner. As the next phase of the campaign continues, the Chief Veterinary Officer urges cattle farmers to follow the guidelines established by the Act and secure their animals in order to avoid having their animals impounded. Cattle farmers who fail to subdue animals commit an offence and are liable on some reconviction to a fine of $5,000 or to imprisonment for two years or both. Cattle owners must take responsibility for their livestock. There has to be responsible ownership, especially in the absence of land ownership and barriers in terms of fencing and so on, corrals. There has to be responsible ownership. We must take ownership of our animals and have them restrained, have them tethered to protect our public and also to protect the animals. So the Ministry of Agriculture is imploring the farmers, one last time, making that last appeal and filling that final notice. And in the absence of cooperation, we will look at the laws available to us, legislation available, which indicates that it is an offence to have these animals wandering on the highway, posing a hazard to motorists and to the public. And these animals will be impounded. These animals will be impounded. We're giving, selling one final notice to our cattle farmers. While the Veterinary and Livestock Services Division's efforts to control stray livestock continue, public adherence to legislation enacted by the Government of St Lucia remains critical to preventing an increase in stray animals and maintaining security along the island's road network. From the Communications Unit of the Ministry of Agriculture, I am Anisia Antoine reporting.


Hey, good afternoon everybody, Tom Stewart here. I'm with Liz Trotter and our guest today is Alonzo Adams and this is smart business moves For me, I'm always honored to be here hanging out with you guys. It's always our pack would excite Well, we're hoping that you're gonna bring the goods today and we're gonna have another hour packed with Great content. I know a little something on my sleeves. Yeah, I'm excited sharing with us leadership habits that you must adopt and You know Alonzo knows leadership habits He's been a leader in the industry for a long long time his own business You actually are doing spending more time doing coaching and helping other other business leaders develop their skills, correct? I am and it's fun. We're having a lot of fun and i'm beating up a lot of entrepreneurs, man But we're turning it into high performers So that's been awesome because again a lot of entrepreneurs get caught up into looking for um I would say they're always looking for different like sources You know, what what can I find this at what work? What can I get this at for my business for my company? Yeah, and i'm looking i'm like be the source Be the source stop always looking for resources. Just be the source Yeah, I kind of like that Look at me grabbing my remarkable and making me some notes already That's right because hey, what is everybody doing? They're trying to find every way possible that gets a success As fast as they can that's what they're doing But the key leadership sustainable leadership So if any of our viewers want Them or want you to be them up, you know, will you be explaining how how they can make that happen sometimes today? I'm going to give you a little taste give you a little taste and um, let's see how you can digest it All right time before we get into drive with Alonzo um, I would really love to talk about hate to neat um, I would really love to talk about um The covid spread i've had a couple people reach out to me because south carolina's numbers Are where they are and we've got foundations coming and What what are your thoughts there? Are you at all concerned? I'm always concerned les that that is so true Oh Yes, yes, that's true. Hey linda maybe maybe more so now. Yeah, covid is a thing and you know We know a lot more now than we did a week ago. Certainly two weeks ago.  It seems like at I guess a couple of things they've got a higher prevalence of these quote unquote breakthrough cases Even if you've been vaccinated you can still contract the delta variant You know having these really bad outcomes the probability is last but you can spread it the R not value of the delta variant is right up there with The chicken pox which is just below measles in terms of spray. So it's it's more contagious by by a material amount so You know, I know a lot of businesses down here are moving back towards, you know, masking within castle keepers We never formally said, okay, no more masks, but we we did kind of relax that a little bit You know, if you've been vaccinated and feel comfortable, you know, kind of, you know, we'll look the other way but we're we're starting to reemphasize that we've also implemented, you know a I guess a program within castle keepers that we are offering financial incentives for people to get vaccinated. So um We feel that's an important important aspect of it, but as it pertains to Like our events in in october I don't know. Um, I've seen some studies that suggest that this delta variant will burn through by them that, you know, the The people are going to catch are going to catch it and you know, that should be be dying off You know, once we we get towards the end of of august, but you know, who knows what what's behind that, you know Well, the the reason why I'm curious about it is Is it really much worse? I mean there it spreads more and all that good stuff But is it really much more of a threat to us They and the flu at this point. It doesn't sound like people are dying like You know, like covet was covet 19 was scary because people were dying I think for those who are not vaccinated, you know, I think the um chance of getting seriously ill being in the hospital and You know potentially death.  I think most people would argue that there's There's less we know about covet in terms of the long-term effects that you know Just to say it is the same as getting the flu Yeah, maybe for some but but but not for others People die from the flu as well, but Yeah, you know, that's been around so much longer They pretty much know what all the long-term effects and side effects and all that and they're still trying to figure this covet thing out Let's see About half of our numbers here for us One out of 10,000 under 65 or dying And I guess that's vaccinated unvaccinated just everybody Has anyone died of the delta virus that Has been vaccinated. Um, the last I heard nobody had there were zero cases of deaths of the Um in the vaccinated population Is that still ever You know, I can't say for the hundred percent, but my guess is some have yeah One in 200 61,000 vaccinated I'm assuming that's deaths Okay, so there's one death now for every 261,000 vaccinated. All right, so That's a that's a small number Yeah, I mean there's probably a lot of other ways that people are dying They are greater dying for a lot of other things and that's been covered if you're you're vaccinated Yeah, okay How's it going up in, uh, pennsylvania, alonzo is is coveted a thing there at the moment? Well, um Let's take it from the standpoint of looking at the suburbs because you got you got philadelphia, which again they have different requirements Suburbs out here. We look at counties And we look at what counties it's spreading more or what's or the numbers are spiking So where I'm at in cheshire county, we're doing fine. So it hasn't been any major restrictions You know, everything's just plain and safe plain plain is safe My company for my cleaning business. We've kept on the mask. We never took the mask off vaccinated unvaccinated you got to keep them on and um, just really just fallen, you know Protocols that would protect everyone and just being smart about our choices You know a lot of things and it's good to even bring up leadership and how this just coincides And as watching how all this has been developing, you know now over a year We just have been You know blue to our televisions or whatever information others or whatever we're reading or researching and Deeper dive it has really provoked a lot more fear and you know, you know, that's one of the things I've always spoken on was fear and and having courage and and having the ability to keep people Focus in the right directions because again when fear kicks in then people start to really look towards sources And sometimes it's not always the best source So I've always been encouraging people, you know, keep their eyes into the positive and see things And take everything for what they what what it is because everything's our studies and in different science information We're getting can be conflicting. So it's the best thing is to do what you feel is best for yourself and Never hurts the healthy man and take care of yourself and get your vitamins and nutrition I mean that to me is always huge, you know Before COVID because as we can see the whole thing but people's immune systems We're challenged more about our immune systems because of the different things we're up under with Pollution different things with the water the things that we eat and just not the right nutrition that we used to have You know 40 50 years ago So it's really important to protect your immune systems and get the right nutrition because um I'm just seeing a lot of people that go down and have struggled with COVID Just again, they just really didn't take care of themselves or underlining conditions that you're not aware of You're just not really sure because when you actually go and you get a physical The physicals are basically basically like when you go to take your car for inspection You know, it's not it's not the deepest dive It's still other things there that you don't really know that could be going on with you because It's just an inspection a yearly inspection that you get Smart health moves Oh Thanks, robin. Hey, did you see tom that linda and you need to have a couple of questions about your incentives Are the incentives working we announce them today so can I tell you if they are are they all right And what are they tom If you are fully vaccinated, we're going to give you a hundred dollars All right, I think that's the same one that's been floating around for a while Didn't eat linda. We've we've talked about that a bit in group so Do you have anybody that you know liz that's implemented that with any degree of success? um, I know a couple people that have implemented it um the they had some success and They had some backlash that they didn't Didn't realize that they were going to run into Um, I know you think things out really well tom.  That'll be fun. Yeah. Yeah so um Yeah, I I think it is. Um, oh federal government reimbursing the hundred bucks What? Uh, I know that there was talk about it. Um, don't know if it ever became a thing or not Well, that would be awesome because you would definitely Not have to worry about the liability If the government is reimbursing the hundred bucks, right? You know, hey robin good to good to see here today. She wants to know what percent of our staff is already vaccinated Um, not a large enough percent. I can can tell you that it's um We're below the uh national average it's We've got some work to do there The question is How do how do you know? You know from everybody is it was just a question and meeting? um That was in a group and who's vaccinated who's not how did that go? Yeah, we had a discussion and a lot of people, you know have concerns for for for various reasons and You know the the counter argument is, you know, it's it's bigger than you, you know, if you Don't want to participate in the 401k plan. That's just affecting you But if you don't you know do the responsible thing and and protects yourself against coveted you're Putting the community at risk. You're putting your co-workers at risk. You're putting your clients at risk You're putting you know a whole lot of other people at risk too because even if you know, you're fairly healthy You can still spread it People who aren't healthy can get sick and die from it I'm just wondering because the reason why I was wondering is because just for instance Carson went to his quarterback for the indianapolis cults um the professional football your your former guy out there Yeah, former guys He came into the press conference. He actually had on his mask. And so the question was was a carcin You weren't a mask and he's like, yeah, I got him.  He said that's a personal personal choice And it shut it down. So that's why I was curious about, you know, the business owners out there that's really asking that question And how is it being presented because I still struggle with that and I should say I struggle with it I'm very definitive with it as to saying that I leave it as into my staff's personal choice To to their decision. So there's nothing been forced upon them So I don't know exactly to extent to who is and who isn't You know, I do know that there are people that are and people that's not with myself But I don't know the ratio or percentage because we just can go down go down that that path with that Well for us you have to produce a vaccine card if you want a hundred dollars. So that's going to be A more that's a good way to find out objective way of doing it so Tom still there wasn't any like I'm vaccinated. I'm not what what happened. I mean, how do you know the number? That's what I'm trying to trying to find out Because because robin just say like that are 50% So she says she thinks she's 50% So I'm thinking most of the owners are in the same book We're we we're thinking unless we've got a definitive number You're probably right and um, I don't know, you know, we're just kind of doing it by the honor system Robin says she's at 50% Some she says she thinks she's at 50% all right. I'm going to show you how I know This is our name tag at american made Uh, can you see what's over there? Okay, that's how you can know. Okay snow You have to have a name tag and if you're vaccinated It says you're vaccinated and if it you're not vaccinated it says I'm not vaccinated and you have a little Little syringe with a x going through it. So I know exactly how many people are vaccinated you know what's so interesting too about it because um I was actually was I was speaking with another business owner and other business owner was asking they were um Our customers our customers inquire You know So, um, we had about probably about maybe two or three Um people inquired about that, but that was that was the most that we had We actually had someone that was going to return and they were asking about that and we said that wasn't something that we required And so she goes, okay, let us know of that change. I said, okay And in Robin makes a good point, you know, it's one thing telling the national media what your choice is but As an employer, I think you have a right to know and we have a responsibility, you know, a lot of employers out there Walmart and God one other large employer Basically said that you're going to have to be vaccinated sometime by september if you're going to be working here or You know getting out getting a covet test every week. I think was the other other alternative I told you here in our state, um our Government you're going to have to be vaccinated to work in the government Yes In september. Yes. Yeah. Do they give them an option to get a covet test every week instead of that? Uh, it's it hasn't been written into any kind of a law or anything yet So I don't know if they're going to currently that's not part of the discussion set And yes, Stephanie. It is legal to ask There's a whole big There's a whole big thing about it too. Um, so, you know, I My daughter goes to cornell university business school And so she shares a lot of her her stuff from cornell And they had a an awesome panel We we brought this panel on smart business moves. It was awesome And not on smart business moves. Sorry and uh mma groups and There was a labor attorney a An employee advocate I can't remember four people on the panel that was like hit all four sides. Oh, and and whatever Uh, when you have the called The the group I know the group of people in a company that all comes together and says we are going to committee No, darn it. I'll come up within a second. Ask for any mine. No, this is uh They oh my gosh killing me the more I try to think about the worst it's getting Okay, I think about it when the show's over, right? Yeah. Yeah It's it's um, and you have to pay Union union union they had a union representative there and Uh, anyway, there were four of them and they talked about Whether or not you can do it. What are the risks? What are the challenges? And it was it was really good. Actually Kevin. Is that me a focus group? Union union Anyway, it was uh, yeah, it was really good Okay, 70 47 percent are fully vaccinated. They're telling us they are not planning to the rest of the process Well, it's not bad Right 23 percent are doing it right now. So that's pretty good So Let's stay with below 40 percent vaccination No, let's let's let's broad the discussion up a little past covid not to say that it's a trivial subject. It's uh Very timely and important But we want to talk about leadership habits on a larger scale a lot and so and I know that You spend a lot of your time working with other, uh, you know business Leaders helping them with their leadership skills. So You know for You know the the time that we have left What would uh, what would you like to share with us in terms of? kind of best practices in terms of uh leadership skills But first but first my guess is before ever even hearing it I'm going to guess I know you have five Five leadership habits that you have to put into place. I'm going to guess that all five are going to connect to this covid conversation Oh, okay. Let's just check easily. Um, well, you know You know when you think about entrepreneurs, I've been around them forever and I've been with them in the entrepreneurs organization I've been with them in arc c ar csi And just even coaching them And I start to think about more and more. What are the five? Elements the characteristics of like a great entrepreneur which actually transcends over to being a leader a really good leader as well And I the first thing I started thinking about when I'm looking at guys that don't have this one quality Which is huge drive Drive they don't have the drive to really make this thing go And you know, they get worn out. They they just burn out whatever they just don't have that drive. So I said What would you like to look each letter inside of a drive because I think I have something right there And the first one I looked at was that B was just having that that discipline And when I looked at that discipline, I said, okay, well, you can be disciplined in a lot of things But the most important thing to be disciplined in is your focus Have discipline focus because I see companies. I see leaders. They're just all over the map and Again, you brought up about the coven We stay very disciplined in my company and I I always Instruct our focus not to get scattered not to get Diverted into different areas to stay very disciplined regardless of what's happening outside of us around us We're going to stay very disciplined And I think that's the most important thing When you look at in drive is having that discipline to be focused and to consistently Grind and do those same things with great discipline But that focus when everybody's going in different directions and they're getting thrown off and they don't know which way to turn Stay disciplined to the focus Yeah, that makes really good sense to me Yeah, you can't really find a strong leader that it has fractured focus that's here that's here That that's just not something you hear about a lot. So that makes great sense to me Exactly and when we think about COVID being resilient. So that's the R You have to be resilient Okay So that's why when I think about an entrepreneur I want him to have that if I'm going to build it, you know, I'm going to create him like the bionic man We're going to put all that stuff in him.  You're going to it's all going to hit you But you're going to have to endure, you know, because business is just Values man and that guy's that's the leader that's resilient I mean you think about stuff that like Elon Musk had to go up against, you know Mark Zuckerberg, they're always up under some type of investigation, you know, there's something that you know They're getting poked at from from all directions But you've got to stay resilient and stand strong and weather that storm That's that's what that's what I like about being resilient and it's just like you can hit me man But guess what I'm coming back and I'm coming back stronger and better in order nice I'm loving this d.r.i.b.e. I know what the eye is. I know what the v is but I'm dying to hear Really know what that eye is. Are you sure you do? Well, I think I do.  They want to just say hey just go out and do it But as that leader You have to show up You have to show up and what I mean show up. It's just being again to a position where you set the tone You really set the tone inside your your company your business, especially as we're speaking about covid What is the tone inside of the company? You know when this hit when people are concerned cases are spreading, you know customers are asking questions You know someone got covid What is the tone in the company in the business? And that's where the leader has to really really set the tone inside of the company Because emotions go at a high they get worked up. They get stirred up Once once it spreads this contagious It's like a wildfire and someone's got to be able to put that out You have to bring bring bring people down and just say hey listen, you know what it's a day by day thing It's a day by day thing So people are so caught up thinking about the next next week the next month. What's going to happen? They go to shut things down and we're not there yet. We're not there You know deal with that That was the whole reason why we started smart business moves in the first place was because People were struggling. They were They were unfocused.  You've got to get strong So I I'm loving what you're saying.  I'm going to show you my guesses. Okay. That's what I have That's what I have Mmm, you only got you got to be right that v's easy though All right, I'm dying to hear dying to hear now the one thing is why I went why I went with the I I went with intention I love intention for being intentional, you know That's that is something that's missing because whatever you sit out to do You have to be intentional about it. That's about your habits. That's about your routine That's about how you're going to actually run the business your training whatever be intentional about it, you know Be intentional about your consistency People are watching your people are watching you every day And if your attention is is not the right intention that you don't you don't put them in in the right position to succeed And you're not intentional about it that they don't trust you So intentional to me brings trust And that's huge as a leader because I'm watching your habits. I'm watching your routines I'm watching if you're doing what you're saying you're going to do You're intentional intentional about everything that you set out to do all right Okay, I I think intention falls a lot under discipline focus though because if you have discipline focus You're intentional. You're doing you're doing what you're supposed to be doing I feel like this is all kind of the same Well, here's the one thing you can be different in discipline than being intentional So discipline again, you know, it's doing the same thing over and over and you're doing it You're doing it that way but intentional that means that listen everybody has discipline. It's not intentional about things So, yeah, that's they're just not intentional about what they're setting out to do because But you said discipline focus Right, if you're going about the discipline you're going about focus and even about you know about things that you set out to do What your intentional is if that's a whole different level not everybody's intentional about things that they do So that's why I think that's more of a trusting as well. I trust people that are very intentional Okay people that I coach when you say intentional, I think of like the difference between making it happen versus just letting it happen or You know, the whole idea if you aren't intentional then basically whatever happens is just an accident Right. Yeah, that's how I think of it. Right because I mean what what when I when I set out to be intentional about something You can put your money on me 100% You know 100 so that's the only difference why I separated from discipline. Yeah, it's a routine It's the things how we think Discipline can almost be just like a way of describing your actions, you know, but intentional. I mean, that's even deep I think of intentional as making a choice And sticking by that choice. So this is the choice. This is the way we're going and this is What we're doing how we're going, right? So I see how you're linking trust to that. I like that piece I like that a lot Yes, yes So to that v which you were bringing up is to the vision is having that vision to me It's huge But I don't just like the people that sitting around and saying, oh, I got this vision You know the vision is huge when you actually take that to set up yourself for the next three Five years type of vision Okay, because when everything starts to get clouded we go back to the vision When we start to when we're not sure when we don't have the energy when we have something like this this pandemic happening Where's the vision the division get lost? The division get put away Division needs to stay in the front Regardless of what's happening are we on course or off course what's taking us off course? You know, it's it's almost like looking at a gauge Okay, we said we're going to be doing this in five years. Are you doing it? You know have the business actually set out and accomplish what it was supposed to you're now year three And that's why I see people struggling with the vision the vision too. It's not being communicated enough Especially as when we look at the leader. So when you said, oh, well, I'm absent the owner Okay, I get it. But the leader has to constantly communicate the vision Everyone has to know it. What are they? What are they struggling for? What are they working towards? What is our our our leader about? He's about that vision that big picture that overarching goal That's where we're headed. That's where we're going. I want to work for that dude I want to be on his team because he has that vision You know and then when when say if you you get out the picture And you need to happen the next man up that's going to actually be able to carry the vision Because when we saw what happened with with our sneak jobs Very hard guy to replace right very difficult person to replace So you had to find a guy like tim cook. You had to look at tim and say, okay Do you get the vision tim? Do you really see where this is supposed to go to? And and man look at where apple's at they far exceeded what steve jobs had Far exceeded. That's when you know, you're a good leader too. You step out you step out in a company does double Double yes That's a great leader. I'm gonna talk about painting He didn't maintain because a lot of people you you know, you had a million a half two million You stepped out business still at two million like well, you know, I'm still getting my check Well, bottom line is did it get the three it'll get the four Because that person again He's caught up in the vision, you know, I love that Alonzo. I mean I see that So often that people they step out but their business stagnates That is so so so common. That is That I see that 99 of the time so I love this connection between the vision Stepping out having the company continue to grow and tying that into Like the strength of the leader and the vision, you know, because the leader has to really Keep that vision alive. Even if they're not there Oh, I love that you You can back out of the business and you can stop Doing a lot of the things that you used to do and hire people and delegate that You know, somebody still has to be the leader and I guess at the top of that is the vision, right? Yeah, I love that you gave me chills Give me chills on that. That is that is top top top top notch right there And you're talking about, you know, something that's actionable something that, you know, to your core you expect it to happen It's not a dream. It's not a wish. It's not, you know, something that you're hoping for to your core You fully expect that this is going to happen Because if you don't expect it to happen Chances aren't one That's that's why you that's why you have Cameron Harrell Describes it as the vivid vision It's vivid, you know, but the big thing is when I think about this whole thing Um about vision I look at some of the people that I've known for years And you look at how they just they lost it. They lost the vision You know, because they're trying to escape their business so bad that you guys all see it They're trying to run away and they want to get away from that business. They're tired of it They don't want nothing to do with You know, if you call them they they think their stress level just jumps up blood pressure goes right up Because the one thing is that they lost the vision. It doesn't exist anymore So they're not excited about their company no more They're just like man, if I just can pass this next four more years try to sell it and get out That's what they're looking for, man.  So everyone didn't have a plan they did they got punched And knocked that vision right out of me Okay, I was at a breakthrough event over the weekend Alonzo. I heard that saying at least 10 times At least 10 times You know what Mike Tyson says That's why like I like the guys that have been battle tested You know when I look at people that have staying power they've been around they've been in the game for a while They've been they've been battle tested, you know Battle tested. So the one thing is if your vision if your vision comes to five years reset the vision We set the vision. There's no way that you did never reset the vision It doesn't stop. You have to do a reset Okay, I I really love this. I wrote down vivid vision too. Who did you say? Call it Okay So could that be drive with two v's? You don't need two v's vivid vision. You're good. Yeah All right. All right. Tell us about this e Alonzo e um When you hire someone Just say for instance You're gonna hire someone to run your business. You want to step out that person's going to be the leader now The number one thing you want that guy to have is ability to be effective That dude needs to be Effective because he can get things done on both sides Both sides and when I say both sides he can create the strategy And he can find a way To execute on that to get it done That's when someone's affected And and I like someone that has sustained effectiveness You know not just someone that's running running for to give me the the 90 day sprint I don't want the 90 day sprint, you know, I need that sustained effectiveness You know or again like we said you take the hits you take the punches, but you're still Effective you're fine in a way You're fine in a way regardless of the situation go back to kovat How many people are effective in being able to pivot? I mean people are effective to having the right message to their customers How many people are effective to being able to communicate to their staff from the leader down to energize and inspire them to keep them going How many people are able to do that they're not effective And when you see people starting to crumble people starting to hide under the desk They're trying to look for a way out How effective are they and I'm talking about being effective on multiple levels in multiple ways To me That to me is strong Can you come into your business if you're there if you're the leader and you know without a shadow of a doubt You were effective You were because if you're not Get out the position get out the chair You need someone that's going to be effective. You know whenever you're looking at superstars elite, they're effective Yeah, and you mentioned you mentioned two sides of being effective, you know the strategy part and the execution part And I think that's important as well and You know strategy has a whole lot of different levels and as a ceo, you know, there's a lot of strategic planning but you know, there's a lot of tactical decisions that need to be made day by day moment by moment and Leaders need to be able to do that and then execute and make it happen I mean we could could spend an hour just talking about how important execution is and a lot of You know businesses that aren't getting results. They're looking for they You know are doing a lot of the things right, but when it really comes down to you know There's a big difference between talking about it and doing it and all kind of companies fall short on the on the executions I did change my word From energy to execution. I was like, oh execution You can't do anything without execution and then you got effective and I think effective is really the same thing As execution because if you're if you're executing you're effective, right? So So so I really like that. I think I think I'm loving this and too is what I like to think about effective because you do have effective leadership as well effective leaders because When you are effective you are influential You understand that's the most important thing is if you are going to be a leader you're going to be effective Are you influential to your people? Because there's too many people that are in leadership positions. They're not influencing anybody You know they're being influenced They're not influencing anyone and right now the day and time that we're in right now You better be effective and influencing people man because people or people right now They're they're watching too many different things from social media to their getting their information So they're influenced that quick and if you're not effective you've lost those people You really although I do think though that if you have a strong vision That you can influence people through that vision because a strong vision is Influential it does influence people You got to communicate. Absolutely. You're looking at a company meeting. Let's talk about the vision That's not a vision. No, that's not a vision. A vision is not words on a wall That's not what a vision is a vision is Influencing, you know, that is that is part of the vision When we said vivid we're saying about the word vivid the vivid it feels real. You can feel it. Yeah, you know, you can feel it I mean How many times have you walked into a company and when you walked in you can feel the energy in that business? It's the right You know, you walk into another company. It's dead. It died a long time ago It's a funeral in there. They're playing violins. It's you know, it's it's not happening It's got to be popping baby popping.  It was violins playing You know, it's like come on man. Give me some hip hop. Give me something up in here Let's get fired up because we've got to keep margin four The funeral's not here. You know, all right a little bit you worries. Let's do it. So now you're speaking to my energy, right? Yeah, it tastes energy I'm gonna argue I'm gonna argue that one Okay, I'm gonna argue why Because you could be effective and not have any energy and I've got a perfect example for you Or have really low energy Tom's um, I don't know what his title is. He works as the accountant. He's the the main accountant If you were to meet him, you're not you're not feeling the energy at all, but is he effective? Yes, he is he is effective He does he does get the stuff done. You can count on him.  So I got you what you're saying. Well, I don't know To be effective. I want him to be able to put his DNA on it Yeah, but you want him to but I think he can still be effective as a leader Yeah, yeah, no doubt. No doubt very effective. I think the energy is like super super important as well. I mean, I do think that the The strongest not all of them either right, we know some leaders that don't bring the energy You know drive is a is a really cool acronym. I love it. We could have probably gotten say eight You know characteristics Tom is so funny Um, I bet that we could have gotten eight if we would have added on an i and added on two Is we have to figure out what we could spell with You have to put something else in there because that's only seven if we did drive it, you know Oh I really do love drive. I I do and really drive and if you're bringing it down to five I I don't think anybody is going to argue the point that these five are are definitely Um, you got to have them. You can't leave any of these out. It's not like well, you don't have to have discipline focus Arguing I'm arguing with you all day long. Yes, you do Well, you don't really have to be resilient. I'm arguing all day long. Yes, you do Well, you don't really have to have intention Yes, you do I I think this is awesome easy to remember Easy to pull up. Yeah, I'm totally using this. Thank you Alonso. This was an awesome share In something else Alonso that the word, you know, the word trust came up quite a few times in this discussion So that can't be overlooked either That's gonna be effective as a leader. You have to be trustworthy And that's a whole another discussion as well in terms of what that means in the different dimensions that it takes Which is why I'm changing the eye I'm gonna I'm changing the eye to integrity because it's a stronger trust word and I'm going to put intention Under discipline discipline focus with intention You can you can move around? Yeah, because I agree that that Here's the thing. Remember the drive comes from being that high productive Entrepreneur that's where it comes from from the high productive. So we could switch that high I agree because integrity is huge, especially right now And we we tend to and just right now it's like the trust factor You know, it's just so much right now That people are not trusting and we're thinking about this generation That is dominant right now with the millennials and then what's coming up behind the millennials that generation They're all about trust man. They can't trust you. They can't get behind you And when they integrity integrity is part of that but we talk about trust It's also about you know, it's it's trust is character competency and commitment So you can have the integrity part But if you're incompetent or if you aren't fully committed, you're going to lose trust on those points So by time we got we got execution to take care of the competency So that that's I mean I think in the commitment Or you would be maybe we got resilient. We got disciplined resilient We got Yeah, we had a lot of it. It would always be effective of it Yeah, because if you gotta be confident too too often though, we talk about trust just in the dimension of integrity, you know And you know, that's that's part of it But you know, I might let you hold my wallet, but that still doesn't mean that you can do anything Yeah And I I think you're right Tom the trust has a lot of different Dimensions, thank you dimensions Like not unions That's one of our core values is that word is with trust But it's it's not you just cannot rely on it just to be saying I can trust you to tell the truth So can I trust you to do the job right? You know, can I trust that you're gonna without a doubt give your best You know best version your best effort, you know, so it's so many ways you can put that spin on trust But that's why I had to read For this event that I just went to I had to read this article. They sent us an article a week in advance It was like a white paper on integrity And so probably why I'm like kicking integrity really hard is the one of the assignments before you got to the event was you had to read this this paper every day every single day For an entire week up until you got to the event and integrity is about To to to your point it is about having character competency and commitment all of those things are part of of integrity I'm like It's a crazy word because the more you look at it the more you think about it the more it actually encompasses It's not just about You know that people trust you or not. It's that you are your word and You can't be your word If you can't get the stuff done You're not your word If you're not committed to things you're again not your word. So I'm like wow. I got a whole big thing on integrity over over this past weekend And I'm like dang man. That's a that's a big old word. I used to argue with people that wanted integrity as part of their uh core values I'm like dude integrity is hard to withhold Are you going to be able to uphold integrity as one of your core values because I don't think you can I've had three conversations with you. I don't think you can You break it down to its core and it's a humbling thing. Yeah, it is It says a lot easier than it does And there's no way we could end it this without talking about integrity. It's no way No, no Ultimately again, as we say that that brings trust. Can I can I trust you? Can I trust what you know when I'm hearing what I'm seeing? Can I trust it, you know, and I and I that's the biggest thing where we're seeing division That's happening throughout throughout the country. It's this division, you know, can I trust? And that's what it comes down to Yeah, and who do I trust and You know a lot of why we're struggling right now with the People back to covet again. People don't want to get vaccines and they don't want to get vaccinated They don't trust y'all That's bottom line there. You know, it's it's a shame because it's a lot right now We're living in a world where everyone must be an expert That's where the problems everybody's an expert That's creating more problems than solving Well, we can all we can all get the facts on facebook. That's why Yeah, but when you take that stage as an expert and you get in front of the world You're going to get challenged on it. Oh, yeah, you know and people are going to pull information from Your past wherever to try to define any holes in your message You know, so you got to be true with your intention as well About why you're really doing doing what you're doing and that's what we're seeing That's happening throughout the world. The intentions are not there and they're not genuine intentions It's more like look at me. I'm the expert listen to me and that becomes a little bit jaded Alonzo, I know that you've been spending more and more of your time coaching and helping lead other business leaders embrace these concepts and others and You know I can speak from from experience. I know this can as well that you know We can all use a good business coach from time to time if we have anybody listening here that Wanted to reach out to you and learn more about some of your coaching You know programs and how to participate in that Where would we direct them? Right now definitely, uh, you know, follow me on facebook. Follow me on instagram My email address is alonzo j Adams dot com and I'm coaching over at conquer. It's been a i'm actually full My Yeah, I'm completely booked up but listen People know that reach reach out to me. I'm there to help Anyone, you know, I want I want I want to make sure that I can help people be Successful in whatever way they're looking to be successful and that's personally Business wise whatever so never never hesitate to reach out to me and what you guys are doing here is is awesome You know, it's awesome because you guys are giving up your time You're not being paid for this. You're not looking for anything in return And that's why I love coming together with you guys because we're just trying to make sure that we're being the best That we can be for others and to help us We are looking for something in return. No alonzo and it's the vision You know, we are looking to we are really looking to Get this whole Industry professionalized. So we're we're looking for people to Yes adopt some of these Smart business moves and smart business thinking so that we can all be better. That's that's what we're looking for We're looking for that businesses be more profitable and they can take that money and create better jobs Provide better service make better lives for themselves and alonzo I know you share this vision as well because we've worked together for Goodest brief how many years Gotta be a decade at least Yeah We're coming up we're probably coming up on 20. Well, we're it's It's Yeah, quite 20 over over 15 years. What would be the anniversary? That's been many many years When's the 20th anniversary Of arcsy Yes, our ARCP Yeah, we started working on it like in 2003. I guess So it's coming up Yeah So the 20th almost yeah, yeah, we got to have a big bang Really got to Yeah, so you see you got a question here alonzo Do you just work with residential or commercial? I think you work with people that are outside of our industry too. Don't you? All service businesses Commercial cleaning all I do both so I do residential and commercial my background is actually commercial That's where I came from. I got in commercial cleaning when I was 13 years old I worked for one of the biggest commercial cleaning companies on the east coast They stuck me in when I was 13 years old. I went in and worked my way up and um I learned all that stuff man floor machines all that stuff carpets. I can I can do all that Well, I can't do it now, but You can tell other people to do it You could I bet you could get in there and at least fake it You know, you got to think about where you're going to spend that energy at man Where our most effective at right list That's right What is effective there no more you have to be disciplined and not indulge in such silly nonsense Oh my gosh, that is a really another great point tom I'm really glad that you brought that up because that is another thing That we see business owners doing all the time is they're saying yes to everything Every great idea every new thing that they see they're like, oh, I heard So-and-so say that she does blah blah blah. I'm doing that too. What stop doing what other people say and Or what other people do and stay disciplined on your focus your vision your stuff do do we You know, what's in our so many how many people have A How many people have that closet where they have that machinery because they decided to go ahead and jump into something different You know, yes, we'll have that that different vacuum floor machine. I don't know fall her way And god man, you know steam machines people just were all over the map, you know, it's like stay disciplined You know stay disciplined, but I think you know people want to miss opportunity, but everything's not opportunity sometimes.  That's that's been my claim to fame my success is that discipline focus not jumping at everything Or doing what other people are doing like hey, it works for you. Try it And you know, I go as far as to say too often. It's an indulgence. It gives you an excuse not to do the things that you really need to be doing Yeah, you're looking to distract you matter of fact, that's in a book indistractable, which is a very good book Indistract is a very good book Yes, people are looking for ways all the time to distract yourselves from doing what they're supposed to be doing when they're supposed to be doing it constantly looking for distractions Well, I am going to also create a list and I'm going to shoot over to you Alonzo of drive How you cannot have drive be distracted Be I got you a good drive No driving list too that I've created just from us talking here That I like it. Well, we will you call a person that's an entrepreneur that doesn't have drive And We are at the top of the hour. So there's just a couple of things we are Matt wanting me to share. He's doing a workshop Thursday and It's uh, I just dropped the link in chat with his big shout outs to matt He's making an impact. He's making a difference and he's helping us Push the ball down the field in a lot of ways And people are loving these workshops that he's doing. Tell him I'm getting so much positive Like um chatter about about these workshops. So Yeah So it's uh this thursday three o'clock eastern. I dropped the link if uh You're looking for you can find it in the made central facebook group. It's several places Alonzo you use made central. Yeah Oh, no doubt Yeah, are you going to be at the user experience? I will be there in full effect live and in color Yay exciting. I I always look forward to seeing you. So i'm glad to see you in october So we you know we'll have a good time That's all we have a good time. We're going to be doing some important work there too There's some some pretty awesome stuff that we've got queued up for that It's uh, it's going to be so I don't want I don't want to lose focus Everybody leave this call thinking about leadership think about drive So we're not we're not pitching made central today No, but we need people as necessary, man It's really on your own your own home your own house.  You know who our guest is liz um Sarah Sarah thompson And thompson. Yeah Okay, cool according to facebook still yeah, so i'm i'm going with facebook because facebook is the definitive That's right. That's how you know so how do you know sarah is uh Very qualified leader within the residential cleaning industry and accomplishes some remarkable things and a relatively small market if You know sarah, you know what i'm talking about it I know you're going to be here to want to want to want to hear her advice From a leadership perspective and if you don't know sarah, do yourself a favor You'll walk away with a different perspective. She's doing stuff that if she wasn't doing it You would say that it wasn't doable Yeah, and I I will say that she does follow Alonzo's method of Of drive we would definitely say according to what Alonzo Defines his drive sarah sarah completely encompasses drive That's one of the cool things about what we're doing This month you're going to see the common theme and from one success story to another there's going to be a common theme so Alonzo as always as always. Thank you ma'am. Thank you for bringing it Thank you for having me always enjoyed being a part of this experience and um, you guys are doing a great job Just making educating the industry and just making it better Thanks Alonzo. I'll see you soon. Thank you guys back here five o'clock eastern on wednesday.


مفضل أبن عمر مفضل أبن عمر one of the companions of Iwam al-Saraq one day he says I was walking I saw two Shi'a arguing I came to them I said what is the problem why do you guys argue what's the matter he said you know what I gave him some money and he's saying no and instead of me he said I gave him 800 for example he says no I only gave him 500 he wants to take 300 from me he says so this whole argument is over 300 he said yes he said come with me home both of you he takes them home he gives them money he tells the other man 300 here is your 300 take it خلص looked at him and said why are you doing this why are you paying us out of your own pocket he said this is not out of my pocket this is from Imam al-Sadaq عليه السلام he gave me this money he told me whenever you see a disagreement between our Shi'a if the disagreement can be solved through money then use money use it don't let the Shi'a be in disagreements Shi'a should be loyal to one another respectful of one another that's how we should be brothers and sisters as a community that's how we prosper as a community this is the wise Shi'a إن شاء الله you remember the W the I and the S the E and the S the H the I and the A the wise Shi'a and Imam al-Sadaq عليه السلام through his kindness through his loyalty love compassion to his followers guided so many people but unfortunately the enemy of Allah المنصور العباس منصور wrote to his governor in Medina محمد ابن سليمان he said finish him get rid of him and indeed they poisoned the Imam السلام الله عليه the Imam was poisoned and on a day like this day the 25th day of Shawwan حميدة the wife of the Imam the mother of Imam Al-Qarun سلام الله عليه she says Imam al-Sadaq عليه السلام on his final day was on his death bed he would go into sleep then wake up from the pain of the poison then he turned to me and said حميدة call all my family all my children حميدة said I called the whole family they all gathered together around him he turned towards them and said my family tell our Shi'a up to the last minute Imam al-Sadaq عليه السلام is thinking about his Shi'a my dear brothers and my dear sisters we also have to think about our Imam سلام الله عليه all the time following his teachings especially looking at his graves in this day and age how dark it is people cannot even go for his Ziyara freely on his last time on his last words he said to حميدة he turned to all his children tell our Shi'a that our Shafa'a intercession will not reach the one who takes his Salat lightly in other words oh Shi'a when the time of Salat comes we have to pray on time we have to concentrate on our Salat we have to take it seriously because Allah says فويل للمصلي الذين هم عن صلاتهم ساهون and the Imam says our Shafa'a will not reach the one who takes his Salat lightly then she said he stretched his arms and his legs and said بسم الله و بالله و علام التي جدي رسول الله صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم and his soul departed his body I say السلام عليك يا مولا يا جعفر ابن محمد and then إمام الكاثم عليه السلام I don't care of the burial of his father buried him next to his father الباقر and his grandfather زين العابدين and the uncle الحسن سلام الله عليه أجمعين I say إمام الكاثم you were there بني آشم we're all around إمام الصادق عليه السلام when he left this dunya but he was there for the ghaneeb بكر بالايا all alone there except زين سلام الله عليه coming to the body of أبي عبد الله الحسين and crying أي واجدة و محمد و علي و حسين oh my grandfather look at حسين a body without a head a body that is gone under the horses of bani omea a head that's gone on the spears of bani omea إنا لله و إنا إليه راجعون وسيعلم الذين ظلموا أي من قلبين قلبون والعاقبة


Hi, in this lecture we will start a new chapter, this is the first chapter of our course. This is about the arithmetic errors. In this lecture we will first introduce what is mean by floating point representation of a number on a computer and then we will see what is mean by floating point approximation and then we will also introduce a notion called mission epsilon and define various errors. Let us start our class with a brief overview of how the numerical methods are implemented on computers and how they give errors. Let us start our discussion from the mathematical problem that we have in hand and we want to solve this mathematical problem. Obviously, if we have a method that can give us exact solution that will be the highly desirable one because we have no error involved in our solution. Such methods are called direct methods, but as we spoke earlier not all mathematical problems can be solved to get exact solutions one needs to therefore, go for an approximation. One way to approximate is to go for numerical methods. The numerical methods can only give approximate solutions to our mathematical problem right. That shows that the method will obviously, involve error when compared to the exact solutions of the problem. These are the errors which are coming due to the mathematical approximation of the problem and we call such errors as mathematical error in our course. Once we devise the numerical method then we will go to develop an algorithm based on the method and further we will be implementing that algorithm on a computer right. Once we implement on the computer then the computer will generate numerical solution for our problem. Now, at this level also we have one more error coming up due to the approximation of the numbers on a computer. This is because computers cannot store numbers with their infinite precision due to their limited memory therefore, they in some sense truncate the number and only stores finitely many digits in their mantissa. This leads to a new type of error which is called the arithmetic error therefore, the numerical solution obtained on a computer will also involve the arithmetic error. Remember the numerical method as such involves the error which is the mathematical error. Now the numerical solution obtained on the computer will therefore, have mathematical error and arithmetic error both together is called the total error. Hence our exact solution is nothing but the numerical solution plus the total error. The problem is in general we cannot obtain the total error exactly if you can obtain then it is equivalent to getting the exact solution itself right. We do not have that luxury therefore, this total error is not known to us of course, if we know exact solution then one can take the difference between exact solution and numerical solution and that will give you the total error, but that also is not possible because if we know exact solution why will we go for the numerical solution right. Therefore, in practical applications we cannot get the total error however, we can get some idea about how the total error will behave in certain problems. For that we need to first understand how this arithmetic error will come into our calculation and how it goes from one step to the other step of a calculation and what kind of impacts that it will give on the total error and this is what we are going to see in this chapter. Let us start our discussion with what is mean by floating point representation of a real number. Assume that we are given a number beta which is some natural number greater than or equal to 2 then any real number can be represented exactly in base beta as minus 1 to the power of s remember if s is equal to 0 that will lead to a positive number and s equal to 1 will give us negative number into point d 1 d 2 dash dash dash base beta into beta to the power of e. You can keep in mind either beta equal to 10 which gives us a decimal representation or beta is equal to 2 which will give us the binary representation right. All these are well known to us I am just trying to define that the only new thing is that the way we represent the number and more importantly this d i's should be some integer between 0 to beta minus 1 with the main assumption that d 1 should not be equal to 0 or if d 1 has to be 0 then all other digits have to be 0 in which case we will be representing the number 0 only. As I told s is called the sign and it takes the value either 0 or 1 depending on whether the given number is positive or negative e is an appropriate integer such that this representation is a floating point representation means this d 1 should not be equal to 0. For instance if you want to represent the number minus 0.045 then how you can represent it? You can write it as minus 1 to the power of 1 into point see you cannot write 0.45 because the first digit should not be 0 therefore, you have to write 4 5 and the base is 10 I am just writing it in the decimal form into 10 to the power of minus 1 right. Therefore, this e has to be appropriately chosen to get the floating point representation of the number that you want to work with. Now, this part of the representation is called the mantissa and that can be written like this and the representation 1 is called the floating point representation often beta is also called the radix. So, when beta equal to 2 the floating point representation is called the binary floating point representation and when beta equal to 10 the floating point representation is called the decimal floating point representation. Throughout this course we will mostly consider only beta equal to 10 next is the floating point approximation. As I told earlier the computers cannot hold a number in its exact form especially when the number consists of infinitely many digits in the mantissa. So, for instance if you want to store the number 1 by 3 you know that it is 0.333 and so on. If you want to store this number on a computer it can only store finitely many numbers and it truncates all the other digits after that number. So, the number of digits in this mantissa will be decided based on the capacity of the computer. So, we will introduce the notion called floating point approximation which we will call it as n digit floating point number to the base beta. So, if we say that the number x is represented in n digit floating point form it means it has only n digits in its mantissa that is the idea all other conditions remain the same. Let us give few examples if you want to represent the real number 6.238 that can be written as minus 1 to the power of 0 because it is a positive number and then we have the mantissa like this and then to make it 6.238 we have to multiply it with 10 to the power of 1. Therefore, we are representing this number in the decimal form that is base 10 and therefore, here h is equal to 0 beta is 10, e is 1 and d 1 is 6 and so on right. Similarly, if you want to represent the number x is equal to minus 0.0014 then you have s is equal to 1 and you have d 1, d 2 or 1 and 4 with exponent e as minus 2. Note that there are only finitely many digits in the n digit floating point representation, but a real number in general can have many digits as we have seen for instance in 1 by 3 we have infinitely many threes in the mantissa right. Therefore, in general a n digit representation of a real number is only an approximate representation. Next we will try to understand what is mean by under flow and over flow of memory when the value of the exponent in a floating point representation exceeds the maximum limit of the memory then we will encounter a over flow of memory. On the other hand if the exponent e goes below minimum range then we encounter under flow of memory. Therefore, in any computer if you take there will be a minimum limit that it can hold and maximum number that it can hold that depends on the exponent. If the exponent is less than a minimum limit then the number will be just considered as 0 and if the exponent exceeds its maximum limit say capital M then that number will be considered as infinity. The number of digits n in the mantissa as given in the definition of the n digit floating point representation is called the precision or length of the floating point number. Now, given that our computer can hold only finitely many digits in the mantissa how is it going to truncate a number which has more digits than it can hold. Well the computers have very sophisticated algorithm of rounding a number, but for the sake of understanding here we will only consider two types of truncating numbers one is chopping and another one is rounding a number and these are in their simplest form just for the sake of mathematical understanding. Let us introduce first what is mean by chopping a number suppose you are given a real number and its floating point representation is given like this. Then chopping this number to n digit means you simply forget the digits from n plus 1th position onwards and take only the digits from 1 to n and therefore, this representation that is the n digit floating point representation just by chopping this part is called the chopping approximation. We will use the notation f l of x for any floating point approximation of a number whether it is chopping or rounding. Let us next see what is mean by rounding a number again you are given a real number which is written in this floating point form then rounding means you take the n plus 1th digit if n plus 1th digit is greater than 0 of course, but if it is less than beta by 2 then we will just follow the chopping idea whereas, the n plus 1th digit d n plus 1 if it lies between beta by 2 and beta then we will add 1 to the previous digit. So, that is called the rounding of a number we have more sophisticated algorithms for this, but we this is the simplest idea of rounding a number and we will consider only in this form in our course. With this let us try to understand the procedure of performing an arithmetic operation using n digit rounding remember we have four basic arithmetic operations plus minus multiplication and division the procedure that we are going to give here holds for any of these four operations. Therefore, I will not restrict the notation to any one of this I will take a symbol dot circle which represents any of this four operations. Let us see how to perform an arithmetic operation between two numbers x and y that is we want to compute this number x circle dot y remember circle dot can be either plus or minus or into or division. So, what you have to first do is to get the floating point approximation of x and the floating point approximation of y. What we are going to do here is simply to understand how a computer does an arithmetic operation like this. Suppose you give x and y to a computer it first takes x and write its floating point approximation as per its capacity that is it will truncate the digits which it cannot hold in its memory it is instructed to do mostly it is instructed to do a rounding approximation and then it also takes the number y and writes f l of y. So, it takes the number x and y and writes in its memory only its approximate value as per the rounding algorithm and then it will go to perform the arithmetic operation. Therefore, in the step two the computer will do the arithmetic operation of the approximated value of x and the approximated value of y and then it will take the final value that is f l of x dot circle f l of y and then makes a floating point approximation of that number and that is what the final answer that a computer will give to us if we want it to perform this calculation. Therefore, if a human being performs this calculation the value may be different from the value that is given by the computer. Now, if we have some complicated expressions like I have x y and z and I want to find x plus y into z then you can just generalize this idea and you can see how a computer will find the value of this expression. How will it find first it will find f l of x f l of y and f l of z then it will add f l of x plus f l of y and then it again makes a floating point of approximation of that sum and then it will multiply that floating point approximation of the sum with f l of z and then the final answer will further be approximated using the floating point algorithm. So, that is the idea of performing any expression. Let us take this example you have f of x equal to x into root x plus 1 minus root x. Let us say we want to compute the value of this function at the point x equal to 1 lakh using 6 digit rounding. How will we do of course, we have to find this value for that first we have to round this number to 6 digits anyway it has only 6 digits. Therefore, you can just plug in that and take the square root and the square root is coming to be like this. You write it in the floating point form and that comes to be like this of course, you have to put a minus 1 to the power of 0, but I have just avoided putting it here then the 6 point rounding approximation of that number happens to be this right. So, what you are doing is you are keeping up to 6 digits 1 2 3 4 5 6 and then 3 4 7 you have just truncated since the leading number is 3 it just goes like a shopping approximation only. Therefore, the floating point approximation of root 1 lakh 1 is this. Now, you go to do the next step that is you get the floating point approximation of the of this number minus this and that happens to be minus 0.1 into 10 to the power of minus 2. Finally, we have floating point approximation of the function value at 1 lakh which is what we want to find is given like this and that happens to be 100. So, remember we have done this calculation with 6 digit rounding at every step of the calculation and we got the value 100. You can see that instead of doing rounding if you do the chopping approximation then you will get the value 200 here ok, but now what is the exact value well we will see the exact value is entirely different from this it is something like 158 or so therefore you can see that the calculation using 6 digit rounding or chopping has magnified the error to a greater extent. Let us see what is mean by mission epsilon mission epsilon of a computer is the smallest positive real number delta such that f l of 1 plus delta is greater than 1. Thus, for any real number which is less than delta we will have the floating point approximation of that number to be 1 only and 1 plus delta cap and 1 are identical within the computer arithmetic ok. So, such a number is called the mission epsilon. Let us quickly go through the definition of error we all know what is mean by error. Error is nothing, but the true value minus the approximate value by absolute error we simply mean the absolute value of this error and next the important concept is the relative error. Relative error is nothing, but the error divided by the true value and that will give us in fact the percentage error which can be obtained by multiplying the relative error by 100 of course the absolute value of the relative error into 100 and that is what we call as the percentage error. We also use some notations e of x a if we say it means the error involved in the approximate value x a when compared to the true value x and that is given by x minus x a and absolute error we often denote by e a of x a that is defined as modulus of x minus x a. For the relative error we often use the notation e r of x a and that is nothing, but the error in x a when compared to x divided by the true value x of course x should be not equal to 0. With this we will now go into see what is mean by significant digits and what is the danger in losing this significant digits in our calculation. Thank you for your attention.