So if the question if the question was do this long division, right? you would lay it out in this form and You're doing You're taking this guy and dividing this guy into it So when it comes to long division the way you end up doing it is the only thing you care about is matching the first guy in the Dividend to the first guy in the divisor the first guy in the numerator to the first guy in the denominator So what we what we should be asking ourselves is this what do we multiply x by to give us negative 3 x squared? It's the same thing that we had when we had 27 here and 2 here What we're gonna? What we're gonna multiply the 2 by to give us the first number 2 in 27 right so what we multiply x by to give us negative 3 negative 3 x squared is negative 3 x Right and what we do with that is we put it up top the same format that we had for integers right when we're dividing integers so What we're gonna do is put negative 3 x up here and multiply that out with these two terms and write them down here So what we do we put negative 3 x up here and negative 3 x multiplies the x and then it multiplies the 5 and again We definitely want to match the sign of these numbers to write that's a positive x and that was a negative 3 x squared So we need a negative number there to turn it into negative 3 x squared, right? So negative 3 x times x is going to be negative 3 x squared Which is exactly what we want to want to match it right and negative 3 x times negative 5 Yeah, I'm sorry negative 2. I'm looking at her backwards. It looks like a 5 so negative 3 x times negative 2 is going to be positive 6 x Now what you're gonna do is subtract This from the above term, okay?  So the way I like doing long division is What I do as soon as you do more your multiplication and trust me This makes a life a lot easier because that way you don't have to worry about a negative and negative, right? Because again long division. This is a fairly simple one. It's a short one But for long ones, you're gonna have a lot of you know, it's gonna be It's gonna be there's gonna be a lot of things you need to keep track of right and the last thing you want to keep track of is You know when you have a negative and a negative so it turns into positive and then you do your you know Edition or whatever it is that you're doing right the simplest way to do it. I like adding Rather than subtracting. So what I end up doing is if you're subtracting the bottom from the top All it means is you're changing the signs of the bottom and adding it to the top So as soon as I do my multiplication here and lay down my terms here what I do I change the sign of all the terms in the bottom and I add things together So what I end up doing is Changing negative 3x squared to positive 3x squared and I'm gonna add it to the top the top is negative So negative 3x squared plus 3x squared is going to be zero in the bottom That's going to be that's 5x plus negative 6x instead of going 5x minus 6x right is going to be negative x Now what you do is just like you're you know dividing the numbers dividing your integers You're gonna grab whatever is over here and bring it down So you grab the tube bring it down now what you're looking for is the question you should be asking yourselves And this should become automatic it should be something that you know as soon as you get to the next line This is the question that should be you know clicking in your mind is What do you multiply x by to give you negative x and the answer to that is a negative one So what you end up doing is putting negative one up here and then multiplying it out through this guy and then multiplying it To the other term and writing it down here So you go negative one times x is negative x you're gonna write it down here and negative one times Negative two is going to be positive two So you have negative one times x is going to be negative x negative one times two is going to be positive two So what I end up doing is changing the signs in the bottom over here and adding these things together So that was a negative x it changes to a positive x and that was a net a positive two changes to a negative two So negative x plus x is going to be zero Positive two minus two is going to be zero So we just got down to zero which is Basically telling us that this guy divides evenly into that guy Another way you can think about it is as soon as you get a remainder of zero it means that this guy is a factor of the top guy, okay, and Going back to our terminology The symbols that we're going to call each one of these things is the following So what we have from our division statement is the top guy is q of x is the quotient, right? X minus two this guy is going to be our divisor d of x which is that guy right there This guy here is our Numerator or our dividend, but we're not going to call it big D We're going to call it p of x because it's the product of things multiplied together Okay, which is really what we're looking for right and you know it splits up the terminology So we don't have two different days in our division statement Down here is our remainder r of x right now it equals zero and whenever the remainder is Equal to zero it means what you were dividing is A factor of the top and this is super important because it's what we're looking for right So we're going to write our division statement and then write these out and you're going to see how everything fits together So our division statement is the following right p of x is equal to q of x times d of x plus r of x So what that means is? negative 3x squared plus 5x plus 5 p of x is equal to q of x Right, which is the quotient that whatever we found out out here Times d of x which is x minus 2 plus r of x which is zero, right? So right now we have our division statement and the above you can write in the following form We're gonna do a way more complicated version of this or more complicated version of this a longer one where the remainder does not equal zero and Where we're gonna have an r of x and again that r of x is just going to be our y when our x You know you set this thing equal to zero where x when you bring the number over x equals the opposite sign of this then If you sub that x into our original polynomial, that's going to be your remainder now We've talked about just you know factor in the polynomials breaking the polynomial down to those prime prime factors I guess prime prime polynomials, right? And whenever you get a quadratic you should right away look at it to see if you can factor it by using all the different Factoring techniques that we've learned so far simple trinomial complex trinomial Quadratic formula now difference of squares or even gcf to see if there's a gcf that you can take out and maybe that gcf Kills your denominator, right now the top guide We've already factored using two different techniques and its factors are the following so what you would end up having if you Factor that guy straight out using either complex trinomial factor in quadratic formula You would get the top guy is equal to x minus two times negative x minus one, right? Divided by x minus two well x minus two kills x minus two so if that guy kills that guy what you're left with is negative Three x minus one which is what we had over here, right? And I'll answer would be this guy so again right now learning those two techniques complex trinomial factor in quadratic formula It's given us two other choices for us to do this problem, right? And the way that's that's sort of the way it works in mathematics the more tools you have There you know the more the more ways you can tackle a problem and the more power you have, right?  It's up to you which way to solve Solve a question to answer a question, right? And the more of these things you do the more that the easier it's going to become for you to recognize Which you know which technique to use on which type of problem, okay? And this is exactly what we're doing right now We're taking our toolbox putting a whole bunch of different tools in their techniques in there to be able to attack problems From multiple angles because sometimes a lot easier coming at it from this side than it is coming at it from the other


I'm actually checking out this unboxing video and we're in a different location because I figured This is way more comfortable. It's a freaking couch before I was sitting at a kitchen table And this is just way more comfortable. So let's see if it works out You can let me know in the comments if you prefer the other location better because of lighting or whatever And then we'll see but box of dread the August box of dread was running a little bit late because of Hurricane situation That's what they had sent in an email and that's one of the great things about box of dread very very good with their Jesus communication with their customers. I'm a little tired. It's been a full day of work, you know Up early all that so I hope there was no pop. Well, I mean I do and I don't I hope there I hope there's a Funko pop in here But because I want one but I don't hope there is Because look at this I got bashed up and if there is one in here I hope it's on this side, which didn't really get bashed up that much and not this side But we'll see US Postal Service Come on They usually I usually don't have problems with them, but you know really hope that I didn't get They really messed up pop All right, yeah, so this is the August one There's only one property that was teased for this and they did say Because it's like it's gonna be all the rage if people don't think it already is it And since this box is all squished up. It's giving me a hard time with my knife. I Got it though. All right Just blind style like you I know they're saying that they're gonna have some changes to the box coming up that they're really excited about because they Got another person who's working with it Mmm first item It's an it thing Like we were saying You'll float to September 8th at the movie.com slash VR. I Don't know what that is. I don't see the lighting is not the best. Hey, you can see what you need to in there There you go. I Don't know what this is though Carefully tear along the perforation to open. Oh, it's like some sort of Let's see if I can assemble this right now. It's some sort of like the like when I open it up It's like a viewfinder type thing. I think I Don't understand this Is this like one of those like slide reel things? Oh, look at this actually it doesn't I'm not reading the instructions. This is probably bad. I should probably be reading instructions All right. Well, okay, so I'll mess with this later But basically like you can see like it looks like it's some sort of like viewfinder type thing and then you Probably see a creepy clown in it from it So that's an interesting item. It's an interesting item. I don't know if I'm totally sold on it The good thing about it is if you don't want to take up a lot of space. It's collapsible. So Anyway, not my favorite thing. I think there's a pop in here, but it's wrapped up Something really big I'm just gonna set that to the side Because it's in its own individual box with bubble wrap on it. So I'll do that for last next thing Oh Okay, this is cool. I like this They did a pin. I love pins. I love love love pins If you knew if you watch my band box up boxing as I always say like my favorite thing about band boxes Pins they've never done a pin as far as I know for box of dread. So here we go They have their own box of dread pin here. It says scream Which stands for Stephen King rules everything around me, which is pretty funny slash cool Let's see if I can get the best lighting on that No, it's not gonna lighten up. There you go. Maybe see it best like that. There you go. There it is Yeah That's cool. I like it. That's a good pin Man I like that pin. I like pins and I like that pin Next thing maybe second to last Uh, is this like a lot of it stuff? So look, it's like an inflatable it balloon. I could do without this Honestly, I'm not I don't you know like inflatables and stuff like that I don't really need it I don't need it in this form Um, yeah, so it's just like it says you can kind of see It says it on there when you inflate it And it says you'll float too It says you'll float too as well.  This is a terrible item actually I prefer you not put that in This is kind of like a borderline-ish thing because like you can freak people out with it and stuff like that and that's kind of cool but the Yeah, the whistles are Not a good item All right, so let's find out what this big thing is it feels a little bit heavy-ish So maybe it's a mug or something. Oh, it's a glass. Okay Something you can drink out of Which is cool And it's kind of cool. It says it Say it September 8th That says losers club I assume it's been a long time since I saw the original it So I'm assuming that has something to do with the group that the kids in it in the movie it Hang out in so that's why I assume it is. Um, this is cool. I like this I don't I don't think I really have any horror glasses or mugs or anything. So it's pretty cool to get A horror related glass or mug. I like that item other than that. Honestly, this is a weak Except I do like the pin. I like the pin quite a bit. Let me see that again Yeah, the pin's pretty cool. I like it the pin the pin and the glass cool But that's you know The viewfinder thing is a cool idea, but like You're gonna use it once most likely and then maybe you like show a person and then you'll get rid of it I'm assuming it's not like a real collectible item or anything and And uh, you know inflatable It's kind of weak box. I gotta be honest. I really typically like box of dread um, but I can't be too upset about it because it is a cheap box. That's 20 bucks total and That's a great thing about the box. The pricing is so low that even if you're not like totally excited about the box Then it's usually still fine because you know, like I got two items that I like. I got the pin and I got the glass I like those so That's fine. It's not it's not like I waste a lot of money or anything But as far as their boxes have gone, this is actually one of the weaker ones in my opinion so not on Actually, I'd say it's one of the stronger ones when it comes to like One individual item or two individual items, but like overall, I think it's one of the weakest ones, so But there's a cool theme and I do like them incorporating like things that are coming up horror-wise like the movie's about to be released Well, I mean is released at this point. So that's cool. Um, I like that angle and I think they should look more into that but um, still love box of dread I'm gonna keep doing it and I'm gonna drink from my it glass and Yeah, I'm gonna maybe blow that balloon up and freak out one of my uh co-workers So that'd be nice. Anyway, thank you box of dread. Um, stick around for Other videos you can check out on my channel. Just look forward if you have any ideas on stuff Boxes or whatever you want to see just send an email to brutal about a podcast at gmail.com And until next time, thank you for watching this and keep it brutal


oh what a beautiful day of fall yo what the f*** what are you doing oh yo i heard other style youtubers say to wear earth tones for the fall so you know that's exactly what i'm doing you know i'm roving on the earth what up fellas it's your boy johnny and yeah i really just did that to my shirt rest in peace but it is fall this is the best time of the year to look fly as hell so today i'm going to be talking to you guys about how to look fly fall 2017 no 2018 so starting off you guys you guys seen it in the intro earth tones now don't be doing what i did that's going a little bit too hard but it's pretty standard most of you guys know but actually some guys don't wear fall colors so you know i'm talking about your creams your olive greens moody oranges your grays basically if it looks dull or moody it's perfect for the fall now next up you're going to need layering pieces specifically flannels because it is fall season and this is probably the only time of the year you get to actually wear flannels so the best part about flannels is you can get them anywhere and the brands don't matter at all if you see the pattern of a flannel and you like it then cop it but i'm not talking about just flannels okay you want some layering pieces in general so i'm talking about your denim jackets your leather jackets your varsity jackets bombers suede sand jackets any kind of layering piece these are a must have for the fall season because you don't want hard nipples in public man save that for the bedroom so the third tip to look fly for fall 2018 you guessed it boots now there are a variety of boots there's desert boots if you're new yorker like me there's the tims but if you want to get started with boots i definitely recommend the chelsea boots it's a must have for every dude enough said now the fourth tip to look fly out here are essential under layering pieces so i'm talking about your long sleeves your sweaters your tanks your hoodies oh and speaking of hoodies our world's best hoodies in our track is that hozay oh that's right fellas essentials next drop has some hoodies look fellas if i were you i would save your money because the next essentials drop is fire i know i know most of you guys have probably seen my essentials review and that's an honest review bro man their shirts are quality they fit perfect and they are still in great condition till this day but you know it isn't just the best t-shirt company out there they provide essentials that every guy needs now for the case of layering pieces and fall essentials they got you covered from the long sleeves to the henleys that keep you warm to the underwear track pants and no-show socks that keep you comfortable and finally what you need the hoodies which are a perfect essential under layering piece that you need to compose your outfits for the fall season now if i were you guys i would sign up for their mailing list because on november 24th at 10 a.m eastern time you want to be prepared because they sell out hella quick bro i'ma leave a link in the description where you guys can sign up for their mailing list and get notified for when they open the store so you can cop these pieces but anyways back to it these pieces are essential for fall it'll keep you warm add some depth and texture to your outfits and it's either a way to dress up or dress down a streetwear outfit that's up to you but my personal favorite look for the fall season is a hoodie under a leather jacket or flannel next up fellas is a beanie beanies are sick because they killed two birds of one stone that warmth though and how you can style it i like it because it's just like flannels it just screams fall and winter but it also just adds an extra layer of depth to how you compose your outfit and people are gonna notice so go cop a beanie bro now last but not least if you want to look fly for the fall season roll with the all black look it ain't summer anymore it ain't hot so this is the perfect time to rock an all black fit the all black fit is just it's just perfect you don't have to think about what to wear it's sleek it's edgy and it just gives you this look that can't be matched by any other outfit all right fellas that is how you look fly for the fall season this is the best time to look fly put some more effort in and if you guys found this video helpful let me know by hitting the like button follow me on instagram it is fly with honey tie subscribe to this channel if you haven't already leave your comments down below and what are the types of videos you guys want to see and until then stay fly check out essentials and i'm out peace


How to Legally Teach English in Spain with a Student Visa Spain is traditionally one of the most popular destinations in Europe for teaching English abroad due to the great climate, fascinating culture and large number of jobs on offer year-round. However, as the process of obtaining a worked visa for non-Europe citizens can be a bit of a hassle, many employers choose to only hire teachers with an Europe passport. If you are not from an Europe country you can apply for a student visa which enables you to legally work as an English language teacher for a set number of hours every week. Application process for a student visa in Spain If you like the sound of a student visa you need to visit your nearest Spanish consulate to begin the application process. As it can take a while to process the application, we recommend that you contact the consulate at least three months before you wish to leave home. The first thing to do is to verify the current application requirements as these can change at any time. At the time of writing you will need to submit the following Completed application form Valid passport Four extra passport photos Private health insurance policy Police criminal background check in English and Spanish Medical certificate in English and Spanish showing negative test results for yellow fever, cholera, the plague, mental illness, and drug dependency Proof of enrollment on study course in Spain Proof of accommodation Proof of finances, bank statement showing funds of $1,000 for every month of your stay, or notarized document from parent or similar declaring they will guarantee the funds. If your application is successful, the next step upon arrival in Spain is to apply for a numero de identification which is basically an identification number. This must be done at either a police station or immigration office within 30 days of your arrival. At the time of writing, the following are required to complete this process, completed application form Valid passport Copy of passport ID page Two additional passport photos Your Spanish address Study programs in Spain Obviously one of the key requirements for obtaining a student visa, is to enroll on a course of study that is recognized by the Spanish government. There are many options available at universities and other institutes throughout the country, but for the majority of those looking to teach English in Spain, a Spanish language course is the most popular choice. Why learn Spanish? As Spanish is regarded as the second most spoken native language in the world, there are many different reasons for wanting to learn it. Whether you wish to explore your Spanish ancestry or simply want to learn enough for future travel to other parts of the world. There is surely no better place to learn than in the birthplace of the language. If you plan on staying in Spain for a while, having a good understanding of the local language will also help you to feel more at home, and help you to make friends within the local community. Where to study in Spain? If you have a specific university course in mind, then your destination may well be limited to certain cities where it is available, however if you simply want to enroll on a Spanish language course then you will have plenty of great options. The two major cities of Madrid and Barcelona are the most popular options due to the wide choice of courses on offer and the high demand for ESL teachers. Other cities such as Valencia Civil Granada and Bilbao are also worth considering as they offer a rich cultural experience and a lower cost of living than the big two. One popular option is to take an in-class TEFL certification course in the city or region where you would like to be based. We offer our 4-week intensive TEFL course with observed teaching practice in several Spanish cities including Barcelona and Seville. By completing the course you will not only gain all the skills you need to start work in your very own classroom, but you will also benefit from the local knowledge and contacts of our staff when looking for jobs. Of course Spain is not only about the big cities, as there are also many beach resorts that are famous worldwide. If you like the idea of living in a lively resort you can choose from one of the country's famous islands such as Ibiza, Mallorca and Tenerife or one of the popular mainland regions which include the Costa Brava, the Costa Blanca and the Costa del Sol. Although famous for its summer beach resorts and year-round pleasant climate in the south of the country, you might be surprised to learn that Spain also has a long history of winter sports. In the north the Pyrenees mountain range offers a number of world-class ski resorts, while elsewhere you can enjoy great snow in the Cantabrian Mountains, the Sistema Central and the Iberian Mountains. In the south you will also find the Sierra Nevada range which is home to the most southerly ski resorts in Europe, located only a stone's throw from the beaches of the Mediterranean coast. The Cultural Ambassadors Program for Teaching English in Spain Another popular option that you might want to consider, is to apply for a place on the Cultural Ambassadors Program which is a government run scheme that recruits up to 2,500 North Americans every year to work as assistant language teachers in elementary or secondary schools across the country. For further information check out our guide here. Are you ready to start a new career teaching English in Spain? If you dream of living and working in Spain but don't have an Europe passport, applying for a student visa could be the best way to make your dream a reality. The big bonus is you can also learn a new language during your stay that will enhance both your future travels and your future career. Thanks so much for watching. We are ITTT, the leading provider for TEFL and TESOL training courses. If you like this video, please subscribe by clicking that button down here and click on any of the videos here on the left for more interesting teaching tips for getting certified to teach English abroad and online.


Hello everyone! Today I'm going to talk about the Weyland Compositor and how we are using it in the Agile project. First of all, a few words about myself. My name is Marius Foulad. I work for Collabra on the graphic side of things. I'm a regular Western and Weyland contributor and I've been doing that for a while now. Under the Agile project I've been involved in supporting and maintaining the Agile Weyland Compositor and basically helping out with anything related to graphics. More to the point, I'm going to talk today about what is the Agile Compositor and I'm going to take a look at alternative means of doing Guino management using gRPC, which is Google's RPC and how we integrated the Agile Compositor with different runtimes like Flutter and Chromium. Some of the past and current issues we've been having while doing that integration. Now, what is the Agile Compositor? It's a tiled Weyland Compositor which doesn't allow users to move on their windows nor it allows to grab and resize them. And why different compositor, why not using Western? Well, rather than taking out an existing list on Shell or modifying or create a new Shell plugin it would be far more beneficial to be able to modify the entire stack if one would need to do that. But also because in Weyland the compositor owns the entire graphical stack and at the same time the window manager, as well as dealing with everything that requires working with the hardware. Whereas in X11, XORG, these components are entirely separated. Now, in the same time this allows the compositor to be actually slimmer than using some kind of intermediary of APIs and in the same time it allows other users to customize it as the same fit. So, there is no need to use IVI Shell, instead we rely on just USDG Shell, which is far more used, tested and implemented in old toolkits and runtimes, so we get that basically for free. Now, we leverage on Libweston to extract anything related to backends, outputs and input processing. Libweston has dedicated optimized paths for scanning out the buffers directly onto hardware planes or ignore discard, occluded surfaces, which do not need to be painted. And all of that happens internally. Doing that, it just allows us to focus on providing window management functionality, rather than just dealing with the predicates of having several software stack layers that we need to manage. Infotainment and IVIs, we don't interact with the environment the way that we interact with desktop environments. So, how do we convey to the compositor how it would like our information to be displayed? Furthermore, how do you tell the compositor which application to be displayed at a certain time? For that, we basically use a private extension, which is a Wayland protocol extension, custom to the AGL compositor. And we use private extension, one is called AGL Shell and the other is called AGL Shell Desktop. The first one, AGL Shell, is to manage panels, backgrounds and perform window activation. Now, the client that implements this protocol ideally should be able to handle multiple top-level surfaces at the same time, from within the single process, within a single application. Now, this is rather important because I'm going to get back to this when talking about runtimes and toolkits and we're going to see that this is a bit problematic. And additionally, we have another protocol called AGL Shell Desktop, a protocol that is designed for all clients that would require to perform additional window management operation on their own surface or to others. This diagram shows how the compositor stacks different surface applications with the help of this private extension. Now, on the left is the shell client with distinct surfaces, each assigned in a different western layer. This is, the western layer is a structure maintained by a live western. And these layers are similar to live AGL Shell layers so that they have different stacking positions in terms of the z-axis. The application when they're going to be activated will be stacked in the same layer, but they're going to be stacked one on top of the other. The protocol extension allows switching between these surfaces by removing the current one being displayed from this layer list and replacing it with the one that I want to be displayed activated at that point in time. Now, at the end of the day, why exactly do we need two different extensions? So, for one, we can let two clients manage the same surfaces and here I'm talking about specifically the panels and the backgrounds. Allow multiple clients to bind to the same protocol interface with one client taking over from the other. So, we don't obviously want that. And secondly, we still want other clients to perform window management functionality. For them especially, but also for other clients, we don't interact with the system the way that we would interact in a normal desktop environment where we have other input devices like moist and keyboards. But, yeah, having these two private extensions complicates things quite a lot and has quite a few shortcomings. And for quite a while, there wasn't really an alternative to doing that until we settled on the IPC, a global IPC which we started to use recently in the Age of Project. Obviously, I'm talking here about Google's RPC, GRPC. And I'm going to talk about this and how we transition to it in this next part of my talk. So, the Age of Project decided to use IPC in the entire system and with it we just landed on using the Google RPC for it. And, yeah, along the side it with the Protobuf protocol. There's a lot of pros and cons around it. It just felt the most suitable for us. Obviously, that's not the case to a lot of platforms. And for this particular use case for window management use cases, this is more than suitable to use it. So, to recap a bit, what I've said previously, there's a requirement for using these private extensions. So, protocol require access to the Weyland connection and they're going to need to be implemented in each client. And that's true for, yeah, AGL shell desktop protocol. In the same time, the AGL shell protocol didn't gain all those new features that I'd be adding into AGL shell desktop, like state events for windows. And we kind of need to bring this from AGL shell desktop into the AGL shell. Furthermore, having just one single protocol extension simplifies cold handling quite a lot in the compositor. And because now we have GRPC, we can actually use GRPC as well. And we can actually use it from different environments like Dart and JavaScript. So, it seems we have a lot more reasons to provide a way to extract this Weyland connection and instead use a more easier API which can be used from all kind of language bindings. So, basically, what are the steps for doing that? So, you need to migrate some of the functionality from AGL shell desktop to AGL shell and then, yeah, get rid of AGL shell desktop. We still need to keep the panels and the background surfaces managed by a single client, so we shouldn't want to allow multiple clients to do that. And rather than embedding this GRPC server inside of the compositor and dealing with all kind of, yeah, multi-firing issues, we need to proxy this RPC using the helper client. Now, migrating this functionality from AGL shell desktop to AGL shell, I've done that already with the version free of the AGL shell protocol. So, we already have that in main master. At the same time, while doing that, I found a issue that we do not know reliably when an application actually started and is ready to present content, but the compositor actually knows that information, so the compositor can relay back that information. And with that, I would like to let the shell client control start up rather than having some implicit policy in the compositor, which, yeah, still continues to do that in some other runtimes with the Qt platform that's already present in master in main. Now, the second part would be to proxy this communication with a distinct client rather than just adding this code in the compositor. And the way that this happens is that when the compositor will start, it will start up as well this helper client. It will be found by the compositor. And this does two things. One, it implements the AGL shell protocol on one side and bonds to the compositor. It uses the same interface on the server side. I mean, on the other side, it will just implement the server side of the GRPC protocol. Finally, we still need to have just one single client manage the panels and the backgrounds. And for doing that, I kind of added a new interface station. It's going to be in the same protocol as AGL shell. But this additional interface allows to work as a token to be able to still use the AGL shell protocol. I mean, the interface is not a protocol. And in the same time, make sure we don't mess up with the panels and the backgrounds. Additionally, as a feature, any protocol updates that will happen at some point will be basically abstracted to the client using the GRPC, because they won't really care about that. They don't need to update their own URL and implementation. And we can much easier modify the protocol, and the update protocol wouldn't need to do that. Here's how this working plugin looks like.  Basically, these are like some requests I've been having in the AGL shell. This protocol, they don't really have an implementation. They are just like empty stubs. We do have implemented the Activate app, which activates an application. And I have this stream or this continuous event from the compositor and different events from the windows state events happen. These events will be propagated to all clients that will listen for this application in the status state events, like termination, like deactivation, hidden, and stuff like that. Now, the last bit I would like to talk today is about an ideally slightly related issue to the private extensions. It's about the AGL shell. And it's about the fact that it seems a bit problematic to handle multiple surfaces from one to the same process with toolkits like Flutter and Chromium. So, we have more than one ecosystem, more than one platform in the AGL. And we let users choose a toolkit which handles and abstracts the relevant API and connection for that. But now the question is how do we implement these private extensions? Where do we implement the shell client? And how do we communicate from the runtime? And the runtime is going to be differently than C. It's going to be JavaScript Dart or C++. So, we have Qt, we have WM, which is the web application manager, and Chromium and Flutter. We can also have GTK and GTK, just that that's not really used in AGL, but it can be used and also we can use native well in the C. I'm going to look a bit at each of these toolkits and talk a few words about how exactly we gain access to the well in primitives. For instance, for Qt and Qt Wayland, we have something called Qt Platform Abstraction, and this is not specific to Wayland. It does kind of the same thing to other Windows systems like Mac or Windows. And basically the shell client can retrieve any kind of backing well in primitives. We are interested in the well in surface and the well in output, for instance, and we need those primitives to control them. They can handle multiple surfaces at the same time, so internally how they do the repainting, they can do that. And obviously the application is written in C and C++, so it's actually probably the ideal use case for implementing the shell client. Now, under Web Application Manager and Chromium, WAM provides application lifecycle for HTML5 application. I would suggest watching Lorenzo's talks about WAM. Now, due to the way that WAM is built, it's built on top of Chromium, which is an adapted version of WebOS. And here, not WAM is the well in runtime, the one that maintains the well in connection, but Chromium. So there are different stack layers to reach from WAM to YAM to the native well in connection. So we have no direct access for the well in primitives. Applications obviously are written in Javascript, so we kind of need to plan different layers of their stacks until we gain access to the well in primitives. And yeah, I've written here that we need the WAM instance per web page, in that with all those above, we can't really manage multiple surfaces at the same time, but at the same time, we have some kind of a workaround in place to handle that. Finally, with Flutter, which is our newest platform, we have something called the Flutter Embedder, which is a way to let users create their own Embedder on different platforms. They have an Embedder for Linux, they have one for iOS, one for Android. So for AGL, we needed to create a platform Embedder, and we have that Embedder. The good part is that this has native access to well in primitives and it's the one that manages them. But the bad thing is that it cannot handle multiple surfaces at the same time, although that's obviously possible and much easier to do than Chromium. Now, application on written in Dart, and from Dart we need to go to the Embedder and then to gain access to the well in connection and then to the Composer. And August history requires some kind of a product. Now, in order to run more than one application, basically we just need an instance of that engine or that to run time. And that's how we basically have multiple applications in the system. So what actually are the issues to do a kind of a recap? So basically we don't really have direct access to the well in primitives. For instance, in one management of double leveled surfaces within the same process. This is problematic for both Flutter and Chromium. And basically application code doesn't really have access to the well in primitives and requires planning several software stack levels until we reach the well in connection. Now this last part should be actually fixed by using the Google RPC because application won't really need to gain access to the well in connection. They just can use GRPC and just be done with it. It will be far more easier. But we still have the problem of managing multiple level surfaces from between the same process. Now, how things are currently running at this point? Well, Chromium and WAM basically split the panel and the background into two different processes and they just orchestrate this startup. I mean they need to be sorted in certain way to be able to implement correctly the IGL shell protocol and protocol. And for a well, the Flutter and better just manages the single surface, which is like the background surface. So a possible workaround for both front ends as we have like an engine instance per surface why not have multiple engines per surface, an angel per surface basically. And have like three distinct drawing loops each for each surface. Well, I've done that for Chromium and as a like proof of concept, but obviously it's computationally expensive and it requires a lot, a lot more work than just doing that. And yeah, a lack of interest. So just rather than forcing squared pegs into round holes and trying to adapt the tool kits and runtimes to support what would have been normal otherwise. We now have a new workaround in place designated in way to designate a certain rectangle area as the activation area for application. And just have one single surface to manage rather than multiple from the same process. Now, this picture shows a lot better than I've explained it words. So on the left, it's how we basically have multiple surfaces. And on the right, what I mean for that designated area. Basically, we have the same surface just the client will have to have certain parts of it. And basically, we never include those parts. We just tell it look this background. This area will be the activation area with all the other application will be placed on top. Now we have this implemented for Flutter. I mean, in our demo, Scott Murray added this initially. And I've added a protocol update to have a request for doing that directly. I've also suggested doing that as well in Chromium. And I think we're going to try to go as well with that to avoid having all these multiple applications just manage one single surface. I guess that's it from my side. Yeah, if you have any questions. Thanks a lot for watching.


on everyone Sam here with late in sports cards ripping one box of 22 Panini honors football first off the line photo for Sam a it's a good luck here Sammy you know the the meme I like turtles I always say I like photos that one so we're gonna I'm gonna have I'm gonna have Halle make a t-shirt of just like a turtle with a first off the line sticker on it these last kind of sick actually see we got in here gonna be mr. Bree Saul 42 of 75 a Jonathan Taylor that is 3 of 12 that's gotta be the first off the line exclusive nice one there congrats on that there Sam first one this is this kind of nasty that's gonna be a Russell Wilson number one of 15 nice Ross congrats on that Sam Broncos country let's ride get him some weapons and a competent coach which they did so very nice congrats on the Russ he's gotta be due for like a bounce back here this is kind of nasty from Panini one how about a two-colored patch auto one-of-one Heinz Ward there we go congrats on that Sam Hall of Famer pain in my neck for about 10 years but an absolute stud Heinz Ward one-of-one on the buyback very nice that will do it for your break there Sam thanks again as always for the support buddy get that right out to you man


Okay, let's start. Can you hear me okay? Good morning. Good morning. Good afternoon. Good evening, depending where you are joining us from. Thank you for joining these side events of the EcoSoc Partnerships Forum. Sustainable Development Goals Building Back Better with improved land information systems. Thank you for joining. My name is Laura Mediolaro. I'm team leader at the Land Portal Foundation, a small Dutch, no-profit organization that works to improve access to land data and information for all. This side event has been organized in collaboration with, between the Land Portal Foundation and the United Nations Convention to Combat the Certification UNCCD. A special thanks to our colleagues for giving us this opportunity and co-organize this event with us. We really appreciate your time to participate in this event and this important discussion. The goal of this event is to bring the SDGs back into the global debate. We know that the recent pandemic has kind of blocked many of the discussions around the SDGs. So we want to bring the SDGs back into the table and take stock where we are six years after the establishment of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals and after more than two years into a global pandemic that has limited our movement and certainly disrupted no man many land governance processes, programs, interventions. So in particular we want to focus our attention to the land-related indicators. So there are more than a dozen of land-related indicators that are included in five SDG goals. We know that data and information is by nature dispersed, scattered across websites and databases of different organizations, governments, statistical agencies. Sometimes it's hard to have a clear picture. We will present the latest information. So related to the SDGs, indicators related to land, where are we in this ambitious process? Has the pandemic undermined our efforts? How can we still build back better? The land portal is also proud to use this opportunity today to launch our SDGs land tracker. It's a platform that offers an entry point into the land data and information related to the SDGs and provides an overview of all the how land is documented and reported in the SDGs. We also want to discuss together with our colleagues at the UNCCD about land degradation neutrality, what role it has within the SDGs, how it is monitored and how it is intrinsically linked with land governance and land rights. Let me now introduce our esteemed group of panelists today. We have only 50 minutes, so less than an hour. I will invite you to please use the chat feature to introduce yourself and the Q&A feature if you want to pose any questions to the panelists. We will do our best to address your questions in spite of the limited time. The first panelist is Shasha Alexander, policy officer with the Secretariat of the UNCCD, where he focuses on the role of sustainable land management and ecosystem restoration in helping countries to achieve the SDGs and specifically the target on land degradation neutrality. We also have Romi Stator from the Land Portal Foundations, she's the network of researchers coordinator and she also worked previously with a global donor working group of land. We have Pamela Chasek, professor of political science at Manhattan College in New York City. Pamela is a co-founder and executive editor of the Earth Negotiations Bulletin, a reporting service on United Nations Environment and Development Negotiations. Pamela is the author of numerous books on land degradation neutrality and also on the SDGs more in general. And finally we have Kader Baba, a researcher associate and country program manager at TMG Research. TMG Systems is a think tank funded by Klaus Topfer, a former UNAP executive director. Kader research focuses on social innovations for upscaling sustainable land management. He works on innovative approaches to supporting community rights to land and forest resources. Thank you all of you for joining us today. So let me first give the floor to Sasha Alexander to give us some background on land degradation neutrality and SDGs. Please go ahead, the floor is yours. Thank you Laura. We're very happy today to co-host this side event with Land Portal at the EcoSoc Partnership Forum talking about land governance and the SDGs and to shed a little bit of light on the work of the United Nations Convention to combat the certification and the work that we're doing on land tenure. But before I speak about tenure, the UNCCD as you may know is the custodian agency for SDG indicator 15.3.1, the proportion of land that is degraded over total land area. And as there were no readily available indicators or data sets back in the early period before the SDGs were agreed to, we began working with numerous partners to refine the metrics already being developed within the UNCCD reporting process. It was quite a lengthy process of consultation, capacity building, the provision of default data from global data sets and the development of good practice guidance and user friendly reporting tools, which enabled us in 2019 to collect national data from over 160 countries. This information is submitted through the UNCCD national reports every four years and is published in the SDG indicator database. Now in 2019, the conference of the parties of the UNCCD adopted a groundbreaking decision on land tenure. The decision acknowledges the importance of responsible land governments to address desertification, land degradation and drought and for achieving land degradation neutrality, which is at the heart of SDG target 15.3. So it's groundbreaking because the UNCCD is the only multilateral environmental agreement to explicitly address the issue of land tenure and recognize the importance of promoting equal tenure rights and access to land for all. One element of this decision was to explore options for integrating existing global indicators into the indicators on land governance into the UNCCD reporting process with a view to avoid the duplication of reporting and to ensure the widest reach. However, national reporting on land governance related indicators still remains very limited and we are eager to work with our partners to assist countries with reporting on these important indicators as well as other dimensions of secure tenure that are not captured in the current SDG indicators. There is data out there being collected by different actors at different levels, varying both. However, much of it remains politically sensitive or is often of a qualitative nature and not comparable across or even within countries. We do not have the luxury of respected global datasets, such as we had with the biophysical indicators used for land degradation. So we will need to develop innovative but scientifically valid approaches for new governance indicators with global coverage and comparability. With tenure security, we know that people working in the land are more inclined to make long-term investments in sustainable management and restoration. So this should be the focus as we consider the various elements that provide for this security and certainty. It's a matter of bringing together all the different actors to build a process and a platform that works for countries and helps link administrative frameworks at the local, regional and national levels. So we look forward to the discussion today so that we can advance our common goals of increasing transparency and accountability and land governance. And I thank you for your attention and I turn it back to Laoda. Thank you so much, Alexander, for this excellent overview and also to highlight this intrinsic nature of land, nature and people. This is an issue that will come up again during the discussion and the excellent work that CCDS is playing as a custodian agency for this indicator. Let me just give the floor to Romy now to present to the audience the SDG land tracker developed by the Landport Foundation. The floor is yours, Romy. Thanks, Laoda. I'm going to share my screen now and so I hope you can all see the presentation in a few seconds. Yes, perfect. Okay, so I'm going to present you the SDG land tracker, which is this tool you probably have received at the announcement earlier today. It's a tool that we have recently revamped. And let me just stop by saying that I'm doing this also in view of Anne Hennings, who's the researcher working behind the scenes to collect all updated information and also coordinating with various partners to get the information into this SDG land tracker. Okay, so let me start by just recapping a bit of the words that Laoda gave us in the beginning on this context of the land governance and the SDGs. As you know, land is a key economic resource. It relates to access to the use and control over other economic resources and productive resources. It is thus critical to achieving the SDGs. But it's also a cross-cutting and multidisciplinary field. At the same time, when you think about land data, and particularly because it is such a cross-cutting issue, land data also tends to be dispersed, as both of you have said before, Sasha and Laura, it's also politically sensitive. And it is not always very open. But at least in the context of the SDGs, the openly available data gives us a good overview to look at the land's targets and see what progress we are making towards that. But also because of the nature of land issues and land data, we also see the need for having this overview, particularly focusing on land, and also you will see the need for collaborations relying on the expertise of different organizations in their different expertise. What is related to land in the SDGs? We have five goals. And in these five goals, you will see 13 indicators that are either closely or secondarily related to land. And now quickly on the SDG land tracker. We wanted to do this to provide easy access to data and information on all land-specific SDG indicators. It is open source. It is openly available. You can download the data and manipulate it yourself. And it concisely explains not the indicators, why they are important, and track's progress. The SDG land tracker is now updated with this name. But it actually emerged in 2017. It was established at that point together with land photo and the Global Land Tool Network. That's a program from the UN Habitat. And they were working a lot on various multi-stakeholder consultations on coming up with land indicators back then. And this was prior to the time where there was the real negotiations on the final indicators related to land. Back then, this was called SDG dashboard, this tool. And it was funded by Omidia Network and the UK's Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office, previously called DFID and now FCDO. In the course of the recent update, we decided to rebrand it to SDG land tracker because we felt that the term is more appropriate to describe this tool. Currently, this tracker is provided with support from the German Technical Agency, GIZ. Now, if we can jump a little bit in the data. As I said, we have the five indicators. And we have first the, sorry, the 13 indicators. The first one on the gov number one is really the flagship indicator, I would say, for the land tenure security community. That relates to the documentation and perception of tenure security. And you have another three indicators under gov two, relating to productivity and income of smallholder producers. Then we move to gov number five, where you have, again, another two indicators related to women with secure rights over agricultural land. Under gov 11, non-sustainable cities and communities, we have three indicators related to slums, land consumption and public spaces. And finally, on the environmental go life on earth, you can find actually four indicators related to forest, sustainable forest management, protected areas, and degradation. There are three of these indicators for which official data is not yet available in the SDG indicators database. There are many reasons for that. Sometimes it's because data is still being adjusted and processed by the custodian agencies to correspond to specific reporting standards. Or it's indeed because data is not yet provided by the countries. The background to this SDG land tracker is we had the desk research conducted by Anne Hennings, as I mentioned in the beginning, done last year between November and December. And of course, it relied on many collaborations. And I put here the logos of the various institutions which Anne was in closely contact with. And the whole update of this tracker would not have been possible without the valuable feedback that they provided to us. And I also cite here two key resources, two sources of information, which is also available for everybody. But it's very comprehensive on the whole indicators of the SDGs, which is the SDG indicators database and the interagency expert group on the SDGs. Now the added value, of course, of this tracker is because it is very much focusing on land issues. So there you have a one point of access where it can be very focused. But now let's take a very quick tour. So you can see a little bit how it looks like on the tool itself. So here in the beginning you have a quick description of the tool. On the right side in this panel you have quickly its hyperlink to here all the indicators. And over here you also have the descriptions of the targets which they fall into.  And this timeline also gives you a few, and you can click on that to then take it to another page describing a few events and developments in the whole process of negotiations of the indicators but now also in terms of data collection and any further methodological adjustments. At the bottom in LandPorter you also have a collection of news and blogs related to these lands as indicators. And if you click in any of these indicators, let's see 1.4.2, you will be taken to a page like this again with the official description of the indicator. You will see the unit of measure. You will understand why this indicator is important. You also understand how the indicator is measured and monitored. And at the bottom part you also have a quick visualization to some of the indicators. And let me tell you that some of these indicators of course they are broken down into sub indicators. And particularly in the case of the visualization we have here, sometimes we needed to break down even to more levels. So not into just two sub indicators but a bit more. And there you can quickly click and you would have access to download this data in different formats which are also open for you to use in your research or for other purposes. Thank you very much. Yes, and I hope you can take a tour yourselves there. Thanks, Laura. Thank you so much, Romy. Thank you. And also for highlighting the fact that land data is so dispersed and scattered across the web. Still, you also highlighted that this data is available online. So it's publicly available. So we are not really reinventing the wheel. So can you maybe specify how the SDG tracker of the lamp holder is adding value to this data? As we said, does this exist already online? Or how they complement other resources that exist, information resources that exist and are available on the SDGs? Yes, Laura, thanks for the question. Of course, I think it complements by providing an extra point of access now for this information. And it's a point of access that comes also with rich metadata and metadata being this information about the information. For example, it brings you the data itself, but it's also telling you who's the data provider for that data. It's telling you which years are available for that data. What is the license of that data, what you can do or not do with that data? So this kind of information is called the metadata. And with that, which is what land portal provides in this platform, it allows you to, machines can link up information much easier, which makes it that you in your search for information, you have more accurate results for it. I think the other way that it complements is also because it adds an extra layer of accessibility in the sense that on one hand, it is accessible for the land community because it's sort of focused, or for anyone that is working with looking at land. So you have this accessible, easy to find place information for that. And also accessibility in the sense of understanding, it gives you explanations about the methodologies that perhaps is not so obvious to find in the central databases of the UN. Thanks. Thank you, Rami. That was very useful. And thank you also for pointing to the fact that not only the data is presented here, but a lot of additional information such as analysis or blogs and news or reports that helps to understand, making sense out of the data. But we heard that the pandemic has really affected the global debate and limited our movement, the possibility to meet face to face and participating in debates, conferences and events. And as a direct consequence of that, the many online digital spaces have increased in their importance and the presence in people's lives. So what is your opinion about that? Has the importance and the dependence on online knowledge and networking changed over the last few years because of the COVID pandemic, Rami? Yes, absolutely. I think it has changed dramatically, of course, almost to the point that if it's not online, it doesn't exist. It's a bit of a paradox of our society. At the same time, exactly people with the pandemic, they have become a lot more exposed to data. They have become more familiar with graphs and looking for this kind of information. And this at the same time is coming with driving the demand for more data and for more information. Now, what we have to consider is that not everyone is necessarily data savvy. So I think in that context that you have a demand, but maybe to an audience that is not fully yet with the tools to process this data, I think it becomes very important for organizations not only to make data more accessible, more open, providing it in formats that people can actually use, manipulate this data for their purposes, but also that they be aware of providing this in a language that it's also quickly understood. Thank you. Thank you again and congratulations for all the work done. Let me just turn to other panelists that are here today and pose a few questions to them. I want to pose a question to you, Pamela, because you have such a long experience in being part of so many negotiations, not only over the past six years, but over the few decades. So can you share with us any inside stories related to SDGs or any particular targets that you have in mind with the audience? Please, Pamela, the floor is yours. Sure. Thank you very much for having me here today. I'm going to focus a little bit on SDG 153 because it is the land degradation neutrality target. The origins of the target were actually at the VIO plus 20 meeting when the UNCCD secretary took the lead at pushing to get language on what they then called zero net land degradation in the outcome document from that conference in VIO in 2012, which was the future we want. They then took the same argument to the meetings of the open working group, which was charged by the UN General Assembly with negotiating the SDGs and presenting them back to the General Assembly for adoption in 2015. And so at the third meeting, which was in May of 2013, one of the focuses was on land and land degradation, forest, biodiversity. And at that time, the UNCCD also came and made a presentation on explaining why there should be a target somewhere within the SDGs on this whole concept of land degradation neutrality. The idea was further developed, but it wasn't until the very last meeting of the open working group in 2014 that we got to the point where perhaps there would be a target. There was a target in the draft that was up for adoption. And that meeting, like many UN meetings went all through the night. And one delegation argued that we really could not have a target on land degradation neutrality in the text. That their argument was that this could lead to trade offs between countries. So one country might still degrade their land and essentially buying up undegraded land in another country. There was also concern what would be the cost of this, both in developing countries and from donor countries. Some argued, no, this is not a license to degrade land. This is a way to actually restore land to productivity. And the debate went on and on. At the final point, when it was time for adoption of that, this one delegation argued, well, there was no definition. What is land degradation neutrality? At the same time, the UNCCD had a working group that was actually negotiating scientific definition of land degradation neutrality. When this one delegation said that they had rejected this definition, there was an opportunity to reach out to the chair, the science policy interface of the UNCCD to see what happened. It turned out it wasn't rejected. It hadn't been formally adopted yet by the UNCCD, but it was on its way to being adopted at the next COP, which was later in 2015. So this was brought to the floor and eventually the target was accepted. However, there's still been some issues with target 15.3. It was brought into the UNCCD at the 2015 COP in conference of parties, sorry, in Turkey. And it was, should this be a new focus of the UNCCD? And it was agreed that it would only be a voluntary target, just like the SDGs are voluntary targets within the certification convention. It is also a voluntary target, but it is still there. And it is now guiding the work of the UNCCD as in conjunction with SDG implementation. Thank you, Pamela. And for sharing with us these inside stories and how these politics and dynamics play important roles and are very powerful in ensuring that certain indicators get included in such a global framework. So we have similar experiences related to the 1.4.2 that our other organizations working on land issues are very much aware of. Can I ask another question to you, Pamela? We all know that land is a cross-cutting issue where economic, political and social dimensions are all very important. And monitoring all these dimensions might prove to be complex and difficult. So we need to look for different type of data in different organizations, et cetera. And this data might sometimes be closing in silos. What is your experience and your insights and reflections on these barriers that exist across organizations and how collaboration in this case is important? Well, as Romy demonstrated in her presentation, there are a number of different targets related to land and a number of different indicators within the SDGs. And that shows how land degradation is really related to poverty, gender, agriculture, biodiversity, entitled chemicals, pesticides, the rural-urban interface, economic livelihoods. But all of these issues are the focus of different ministries and different departments within governments. And they don't always coordinate with each other. Similarly, at the UN level in many countries, the Environment Ministry takes the lead on the SDGs. But really all ministries and relevant ministries need to work together on this and cross-pollinate and share information. This doesn't often happen at the national level, the local level, or even at the international level. Similarly, land degradation, I think as Qatar will explain, needs to be monitored at the local level, not just at the national level. So you need better vertical integration from what's going on locally up to the national and then international levels, as well as you need more horizontal integration across ministries, across departments within a single country. Unfortunately, at the international level, the high-level political forum on sustainable development, which is charged with reviewing SDG implementation each year, also tends to silo the SDGs. So you're not getting that integration either at the international level. It is because of this silo nature of the SDGs' land indicators that we also face these challenges in reporting, in particular government reporting. Why those challenges? Is there any confusion on who is responsible for monitoring these SDGs' targets? Or perhaps there is a capacity gap in certain governments? And in this scenario, how the voluntary national reviews role is placed into role half? The 2030 agenda for sustainable development, which houses the SDGs, set up different levels of indicators. Global integrators are the responsibility of the United Nations. And the United Nations has, through the UN Statistical Commission, set up all the indicators that Romney just presented on. And they're responsible for collecting information at the global level for which there is already data being collected. National governments were charged with determining their own priorities. They don't have to implement all 17 sustainable development goals and all 169 targets and monitoring the multiple indicators. They should focus on what's most important for them. So it is up to national governments to collect data and measure change at the national level. But as you noted, some governments don't have the capacity to set their own indicators or, once they've set them, to collect the necessary data, especially on a topic as local as land degradation. So they need assistance from local landowners, provincial and state officials, agricultural extension offices where they exist to attempt to accurately collect data on the ground. Within the high level political forum, there's something called the voluntary national review. These were, this was an idea that came up because many countries were resistant to having to report unimplementation each year. They didn't want their failure or inability to implement the sustainable development goals to be held against them as some form of conditionality. So the idea in the 2030 agenda was that countries could voluntarily report back to the HLTF. But what's happened is this has really taken off and each year approximately 40 countries submit own voluntary national reviews at the HLTF. And this is a good way for governments to try to break down silos and measure implementation of the SDGs across their country. But some NGOs and members of civil society believe that sometimes these voluntary national reviews are a little too sugarcoated. They're not really reflecting on the reality, but they're trying to give the best report possible. Thank you so much, Pamela. And maybe this process might be obvious for some of you, but it's so important that you describe it. And because many people don't necessarily aware of all these dynamics and the role of the custodians versus government, national government, etc. One last question to you, Pam. The pandemic has been going on for more than three years now. So what is your opinion about how this pandemic has affected the whole process and impacted the implementation of the SDGs? I'll echo what Romy said as well, is that all gains in areas like poverty reduction, education, status of women, health care have all been reversed since 2020 due to the pandemic. However, even before the pandemic, the world faced a $2.5 trillion annual SDG investment gap, which is most acute in the world's most vulnerable countries and regions. In many countries, implementation of the SDGs have been put on the back burner as countries are focusing on pandemic release, relief access to vaccines, and the inequalities that exist there. And so unfortunately, I fear that many of the 2013 targets will not be met by 2030. I don't know how they're going to address this within the UN system, but I guess we'll have to wait and see. And depending on how quickly the world can recover from the pandemic, we'll see what happens with the SDG targets moving forward. Thank you so much for all these valuable insights, Pamela. Let me just turn to Kader, our next panelist. Kader, based on your experience on the ground and your work on the SDG target 15.3.1, can you share with the audience what, in your opinion, our advantages and the limitations of the SDG target 15.3 and the indicator 15.3.1 on the proportion of degraded land to account for progress in achieving land gradational neutrality. Over to you, Kader. Thanks, Laura. The indicator 15.3.1 refers to the proportion of land that is degraded over total land area. So it serves as a dashboard to alert governments on the status of the land and is respected also to trigger restoration actions for people's benefits, especially smallholder farmers who are among the most affected by land degradation. I do understand the relevance and importance of this indicator. And I also understand the difficulty to be specific at this level of indicator formulation. Specific actions are to be taken by governments through national processes to ensure targets are met. So I will not talk about limitation, in fact, but I just want to raise here your attention on three things. First, the formulation of SDG 15, sorry, so the formulation of SDG 15 calls for actions such that combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil and strive to achieve a neutral world. But the factor it puts people at the center of all the actions. So whether we have a good match between SDG 15.3 and indicator 15.3.1 is a question to reflect further. Second, we could well decrease the proportion of degraded land by large-scale forest reforestation or even by taking drastic measures such as to evict people from forest lands. So the key question are we in the right direction by so doing? Are we really going to achieve sustainability if we are proceeding in this way? These are the critical questions. Third, I would like to recall again that past conservation and restoration efforts that focus only on physical indicators such as, for example, the proportion of land restored, the proportion of protected areas, etc., etc., have in many countries exacerbate poverty and communities' vulnerability, violating hence the basic rights to land and resources. So that's the reason we call for mainstreaming, tenure issues in restoration processes, and to monitor the impact of land degradation neutrality on dependent communities' legitimate rights to land and resources. We vow to clear safeguards to protect dependent communities' legitimate rights and mechanisms to access land, and also without finding a right way to promote their leadership in land restoration efforts at the local level. We may run the risk to jeopardize the achievement of other SDGs, I mean SDGs 1, 2, 3, and 5, in the process of achieving LDN targets. Back to you, Lara. Thank you so much, Kader. I'm very much aware of time. We have six minutes left, so let me just jump to the last question to you, Kader, and then have a final round to close the event, because I know that you are working, you produce a very important case study, responsible land governance in land degradation neutrality program in Benin, and in this case study, particularly, you highlight the tension that exists between two different agendas, achieving, and you have already touched upon this, the tension between nature and people, so from one side achieving the land degradation neutrality targets that heavily rely on forest conservation and restoration, etc., and the other side, how to protect the communities that depend on those forest resources and secure their access to these resources. Can you elaborate a little bit more on this tension and how we can reconcile these two agendas? Thanks. In principle, there is no conflict or tension between the two agendas, since we all agree or increasingly agree that sustainable land management and restoration efforts should be centered on people. Unfortunately, at the practical level, we continue to see the implementation of top-down resource management approach, mostly influences by past conservation paradigm. So, despite open calls and support for a participatory forest management approach, communities are often used as cheap labor rather than white holders and active decision makers. So, in many countries, my impression is that community participation and rights continue to be rather seen as an embellishment discussed to capture fundings than necessary processes that require system reform and change. So, our research in Benin highlights, for instance, the existence of a comprehensive framework document to support forest agendas and communities' participation to forest resource, including clear management responsibilities for each stakeholder group. So, this framework document refers to as participatory forest management plan in Benin, also provides clear mechanisms to access forest land and resources, including the payment of service fee to access cultivation land, fisheries, or grazing resources. But in the process of implementing the participatory forest management plan, field observation highlighted that forest officers often focus only on the enforcement of provisions related to the service fee, together with various forms of abuse and increasing conflict between stakeholders who are, in fact, expected to collaborate in the management of the forest resources. So, the core objective of the framework, which includes capacity development and technical backstopping to ensure communities actively participate to forest management and decision making, is often forgotten. So, we assist here to a typical situation where a policy measure designed to support the sustainability objective inadvertently undermine the achievement of the call itself. Yeah. Back to you, Laura. Thank you. Thank you so much for this insights, Kader. We have two minutes left, so no much time for addressing any questions or discussions, but let me give the floor back to Sasha, Romy, and Pamela, and to ask them if they have any reactions to the other panelists' remarks and perhaps share their takeaway final message with the audience before we close. Who want to go first, Sasha? Yeah. Then Pamela and then Romy. Thank you. So, my takeaway in building on what Kader just eloquently said to us is that for many, in many countries, land is the most important asset that rural populations hold. And land tenure, the recognition of legitimate land rights, resource rights, is an essential empowerment tool in order to achieve sustainable development. Over to you. Thank you for this powerful message, Sasha. Romy. Thanks, Laura. Yeah. I think, as Kader was also going to say, I think there is a lot more now to providing for a sustainable world than, of course, only the SDGs. And I think what we are presenting here is just a very small portion of this whole puzzle. So, yes, and I think I was addressing some of the questions coming in the chat. What about, for example, non-communities that don't have access to internet and the whole drive to have more data? How can they make use of that? So, these are all questions of accessibility that is telling us that, yes, the problems are far more complex now that what we are trying to do here. But of course, I think this is a one framework that it's very important to drive attention to issues that otherwise probably would be anonymous. But it's not the end now. I think it's only the start. And I just wanted to also acknowledge that I saw some Q&A coming, a question from Ruben on the tribal communities, also a question from Evangelia to Professor Czajsak on the number that you provided on 2.5 trillion investment gap, if I don't know if we heard correctly. And also there is a question from Derek also on the sustainable goals, implementations left to volunteerism. We'll try to address these questions from emails to you. Thank you. Indeed. Very sorry about not having enough time to address all your questions, but we will get back to you via email. Over to you, Pamela, for your final remarks. Yeah, very quickly. On the investment gap, that's for all the SDGs, so not just those related to land. Then and that was cited by the UN Secretary General. Also, I just wanted to support what Qatar said about the importance of really bottom up here is that you and what echoing what I said before, we can't get the data, we can't have the change on the ground without working closely with local communities, landowners and those who and giving land tenure to those on the land to really be able to make change. It can't be done from the top down. It can't be done from the international level or the national level. So that's super important of what he raised. Thank you so much, Kader. Do you have any really, really final insights? 10 seconds to conclude. Yeah, I mean, we talk about silos. We talk about cross sectoral coordination. I just want to highlight again that data is important and use of data is crucial. Thanks so much. Thank you so much. Thank you, everyone. Thank you to the numerous participants from all corners of the world. Thank you to this great group of experts and panelists for this really rich discussion. We just touched the surface of this important discussion, but I'm glad that we opened it again and I hope it can stimulate more debate, more dialogue and more collaboration because especially in the land sector, the collaboration is very, very important and so needed. We are three minutes over. So congratulations to all of you to be in time and yeah, look forward to the next time. Thank you. Bye.


So guys, I am back with another dying light to video and today I'm going to showcase to you guys how you can find another military tech or military airdrop These crates which drop you some decent loot as well as give you that military tech used to upgrade those netrunner tools I mean, it's probably early days for many players watching this you haven't unlocked any netrunner toolshed But it's still definitely worth your time Getting them farm these and these are farmable. They're on a reset I believe it's about 30 minutes in game can keep coming up in game. So real life 30 minutes real lifetime and You can come back and grab these but yes, this one's pretty difficult to get and Find but today I got you covered. How's it going people? My name is DP Jane if you enjoyed the video leaving a like really helps out and if you'd like quite see I want to see more be sure to subscribe So as you can see you right here where I am at I'm going to pull out my binoculars in a quick second But it's on the map right here. You want to come to the maple windmill? Yeah, I discover this if you haven't already just saves you a lot of time just in case you do die And you can see right across here If I do pull out my binoculars Don't know what happened there You can see this right here the night runners hide out we need to get to that Prior to get into the military airdrop, which is under the platform right next to it So yeah, that's what we're gonna do right here So you can see right there on the map where it's acting that runners hide out and this is the windmill but we're good here because there's a Zip line you can use from this one meal to get relatively close to this. So we're good. So that's what we're gonna do I'm so I'm so dodgy when it comes to our current people. I'm so dodgy look at me jump here Because the auto auto hangs on so I'm here person my right bumper To grab on to it and it's it's auto.   You want to jump on to this Balkan here now there's an inhibitor container beyond this wall, but I can't get to it I just don't know how you get to I think I might need the power glider to swing across to it But either way so come here jump on use this zip line and Jump off and here we go. This is where it gets kind of difficult go across there, but you can't get through that door yet So you want to use your rope and Then fling yourself across and grab on to the other one now I died a couple times trying to that and as you see almost failed again there So if you land here, it's all good because you still jump up It's relatively straightforward guys. You just come to the edge of it Turn around on yourself.  You're good So climb up here And then you got to jump on to this which actually tilts when you're on it. It's it's um It's not too major. It's just getting on to once you get onto it though. You should be fine It just can be a bit of a pain to get on without slipping off So once you're on it guys, you want to walk really to the end And when you're at the end you want to jump on to this wall right here Where you can see the ridges are cut out for you to climb up So then when you get to the top guys, you have discovered A netrunner's hideout one of a fewer fans so far Um, there's also collectibles up here too guys So obviously you want to repair the generator while you're here to start So once you are up here guys, you may have already discovered this but there's there is a military uh drop Right near this as you can see it's on the other side Of the uh thingy. So what you got to do is here guys if you've got to run up this crane Jump slightly to your right And uh Land it now if you fall off it's all good because you'll respawn at that hideout that netrunner's hideout right there So you you're good there Uh, so don't worry about that. But yes grab these guys and like I said These are farm boys if you come back at it later time you'll be able to pick this up again And it gives you that military tech used to upgrade that them nightrunner tools. So yes people Definitely worth your time investing And there we have it guys another military airdrop location If you enjoyed the video, even like really helps out if you're new around here I want to see more be sure to subscribe and hopefully people I will see you on that next One


Hello Tisha, this is Ashley with Office More Toyota. Thank you so much for your recent interest in the new 2016 Camry through TrueCore. I want to hand this in to you all for a little bit more information about us. When you get a moment, please give me a call. My number is<PHONE_NUMBER>, or you can also email me back. Thanks, bye.


Hi, hi, welcome to AO Boots. Let me introduce about our LCD product. We are focusing on gaming this year. As you can see, we have developed a 49 inch R12Y 5K product with the highest refresh rate, up to 360Hz. It's a big gaming display you can see. As you can see, it's close to 1000mm. It's very immersive. The response time is 1 millisecond. It's very good for gaming applications. 360Hz. Crazy high, right? This is even more. For gamers, we can have the highest refresh rate gaming monitor with 540Hz. As you can see here, the fastest gaming display you can ever see. Even below 1 millisecond response. Not only for desktop, we also apply our gaming monitor to notebook. So we keep pushing our notebook up to also 360Hz. As you can see, very, very clear image by moving. Is it a variable refresh? Yes, of course. To save power, it's lower, and then it goes up when you need. How much power does it use at 360Hz? Just more power? A little bit? Not too much. Not only for the commercial user, we also put a gaming monitor to automobile application. As you can see, in automobile application, we have considered about the extreme environment requirements. And it's the AMOLED. Yes, it's AMOLED. AMOLED with the backlight. AMOLED backlight. Then it can have a good contrast ratio and HDR function, you can see. And it also supports VR functions. What does it mean, the AMOLED backlight? It means there are multiple rooms of the LED backlight. So you can have local dimming function. So it's like a mini LED? Yes. With advanced higher drones we can achieve commercial mini LEDs. Is this showing the AMOLED? Yes, yes. Alright. Okay, I follow you. Not only the refresh rate, but also try to improve our gaming monitor performance. So we have added our ART technology, which means advanced refresh-less technology. As you can see, in this bright room, the refresh rate keeps quite low and the image will not be distorted by the environment, by the ambient light. So the image quality will become very, very good. Is it very matte? Technology? No refraction. Anti-reflective. And this is another AMOLED product. As you can see, based on the same technology, we can have good HDR performance. As you can see, the dark area is very, very red. Okay, that's the gaming product. This one is our product for the medical application. Such for surgical display, they will require for the most precise color it can be. So you can see the red, the blood is very, very clear. And not only the color, but also the brightness. So you can see the brightness will keep as high as it can. Seven hundred nits, it could be. And the image will become very vivid. So the doctor can easily check what happens for the patients. It's what's called scary bright. Okay, that's about the display path. And let's go to the automobile by the Louis. Alright, thanks a lot. So this is AUO Smart Cockpit Display. We are using Qualcomm's 8295 chipset to operate this entire module. We have a one-glass due displays. We have a 30-inch display right over here from the driver's side, data center stack. And then a 22-inch display on the passenger side. So this is using LCD with local gaming technology. And touch? And it has touch as well, yes. So let's say you want to go shopping. So keep in mind this is only two displays, but we're able to make it seem everything seamless, just using our software alone and also using... You can see there's something... Correct, there's a separation right over here. Yeah, it's about seven mils. Does it include some kind of camera in this bezel or no? No camera over here, but we have a driver's side DMS or driver monitoring system here. So how it works is with the algorithm that we develop in-house in AUO, we can detect your eye movements, mouth movements, hand gestures, etc. So we know when you're on a phone, you're smoking, or you're looking away from the road. So one other thing that we did specifically was we know when you're trying to look at the passenger display, right? So imagine if I'm a driver, I look at the passenger display. What happens is we activate the privacy cells here. So I cannot see this passenger display, but as a passenger yourself, you can probably still see it. You're hiding? Yup. Stuff just disappears. Exactly. So legally, as a driver, you're not supposed to be able to view the display. So that's one solution that we had implemented in this module. And you just activate it? Yes, that's correct. Otherwise it's just... Yup. So just a bit. All right. Is this ready for mass production? Absolutely. So we actually had recently released in the media the Lincoln Atlas. It has the same architecture, two displays, glass, cold form. So it's very much well in production. So this whole system was using a single chip set to operate different modules that we can readily produce in the automotive space. Cool. That's it. All right. Thanks a lot. Yeah, no worries. Thank you. I'm Ray. I'm from AWO. Today I will introduce our micro LED. And this one is our relative 3D micro LED. We call it multi-layer display. And this display is made by two panels. The front one is transparent micro LED. The back one is LCD. So we have an in-front content and back wall content. And we can build in a real deep 3D effect. Okay. Is it to do with also the micro LED allows you to have very good transparency? Yes, yes. Because micro LED have very good transparency. So we can build a very good real deep 3D effect. Nice. Mass production is possible? Yes. Maybe need some... Maybe... Currently we already do some investment. But we have no actually... Mass protection light. Date, yeah. What do we see here? And this one we call is branded micro LED. What's mean about the branded? It's because we also use the transparent micro LED. And it can brand into our decoration fin. And you can see through the transparent micro LED. When the display off, you will see the same pattern. And when it's off, you will see almost the same surface. This will not effect the car interior design. So this is Peter to Peter design. We can cooperate with automatic. We can change the car, the pattern like wood like or some carbon like. Yes. So we can change the pattern. We can change the micro LED size. Yes. This just the concept. Yes. Okay. And this one is our one inch two color micro LED display. The key feature is this knob. This is LCD. The most important is this knob. This knob have a fingerprinting function. Because we also use the transparent micro LED. So we can put a fingerprint sensor under the micro LED. So when you reduce your finger into this device. This device will recognize you. And it can change some user mode. Nice. Okay. It knows what you like. It can even play the music you like. Yes. It depends what it is for. Maybe you can adjust your chair angle. Your fan value. And your temperature. It depends on you like. It even drives you to your job. Yes. It depends on the automatic design. We just show some concept. Yes. Nice. Okay. And this one is our borderless transparent micro LED. And it can use, maybe we can use it on the window. You can see the content and see through outside. You can see through the environment. How clear is a display like this? Is it the best transparent display in the world? We can improve it. Currently the transmittance is about 55. Yes. But this is high PPI. And the transmittance can be better. With a lower PPI? If lower PPI, transparency will be better. Yes. And this one is our foldable display. And this is also micro LED. But it's better on flexible PPI. So there's a lot of flexible AMOLED in the world, right? How does it compare when it's foldable micro LED? Micro LED have better brightness and better contrast. And AMOLED have special surface. We use single light as surface. When it becomes flat, you will not see the wrinkle. All right. Yes. Maybe I can show you. Yeah. You will not see the wrinkle, right? Yes. Where's the one in front? Oh, right here. Look at this one. Very special prototype. And this one. Oh, sorry. There we have it. Let's go around here. Okay. This one is our micro LED. This feature is we use the art fin on the surface. You can see the surface has a very low reflection. So we call it advanced reflection-less technology. So you can see very high level, high level feeling and a very good counter-racial. The tack feeling is very good. Nice. What is this MTFT? NTSC means the gamma. The color gamma is good. All right. How do you achieve such diamonds? Very special performance. Yes. Because we want to show the high color feeling, high counter-racial feeling. So we use diamonds to show the advantage. Yes. How do you go? When you see this diamond, maybe you want to buy one because it looks like high class. Yeah. All right. High brightness. Yeah. This is showing the peak. Yeah. Yeah. Show the peak. Yeah. Great. This one is our transparent monitor application. If currently it's transparent type, the transparent transmittance is about 50%.  The background will become darker because we have an electrical current made thing. Can you switch it back? Yes. Of course. It needs some time. Yeah. Yeah. It's really nice for something. Is it electrochloric? Electrochloric. Is it the same you have in the Boeing Dreamliner when you click on the window? Yes. Yeah. Something like that? Yes. Oh, it becomes... Yeah. Nice. All right. That's cool. So the micro LED... Are you the leader? No, no. I'm not. I'm just... I just joined... A.U.O. is the leader in this technology, right? Yes. I think yes. A.U.O. is the micro LED. And we're already building a lot of applications. Yes. I think we can... This will be the next generation display. We will make it successfully. Can I send you some money? I would use wise if I had to send you some money.  I'm pretty sure I will not do that. But if I did, I would use wise. 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