Hey, welcome back everybody. Jeff Frick here at theCUBE. We're at the Open Compute Project Summit, OCP Summit. This is our fourth year being here. It's the biggest year they've ever had. And there's a lot of talk about cloud. There's the Google Next event is happening in the city. But at the end of the day, the cloud does have hardware. And that's really what OCP is all about. Facebook open sourced their own internal hardware designed years ago. And now you've got this huge vibrant ecosystem of people that are building and specking hardware to build to that spec. So we're excited to have one of the biggest names in the cloud, smartest guy in the room. Chris Wright is the VP, chief technologist of Red Hat. Chris, great to see you again. Yeah, good to see you. Thanks for having me on. So what a week this week. So Gartner's got their conference talking about their view of the future. IDC's talking about their view of the future. SAP comes on stage this morning with Diane Greene at Google and says we're putting SAP on Google Cloud Platform. So cloud is clearly real. A lot of stuff going on developers. What's your take as you kind of watched this whole transformation over the last several years? Well, there's no doubt that cloud is real. It's really helping people differentiate where they care about building differentiated value for their business. So distinguishing where that lives from a developer point of view versus what it takes to build and operate the infrastructure. And we see automation being a core principle of the infrastructure layer, standardization at that layer so that you can build to kind of economies of scale. And really focus on the developer and getting the developer to do the work that's building value for the business. And we're seeing that play out in all these different layers all the way down the hardware layer up through these abstracted cloud layers. So it's really fun week. Because this is a lot of hardware. This is a lot of iron people that are here, right? Micro processors and boards and even power supplies and networking. So there is a computer in the cloud somewhere. It's not necessarily one you want to manage. Even in a serverless environment. Exactly. So, the developer, everybody wants the developer. Everyone wants to build an ecosystem. It's a really different world than when you kind of went at it at your own and you just relied on the guys inside of your four walls. You're really vibrant ecosystem here and it seems to be growing. Yeah, I mean, I think the thing that we're seeing is the developer is increasingly in charge of what used to look like IT decisions. So you used to have a procurement process. You get the blessed tool and everybody uses that. And I was just joking about this the other day and thinking there was a time when the IT group would say, here's our source code revision control system and here's the army of admins that come with it. And today, with things like Git and distributed CVS or revision control systems, that kind of goes away and maybe it's even controlled externally as software as a service and the developer can just focus on writing code and pushing out code into production on these platforms as rapidly as possible, trying to capture value for the business that they're part of. The other huge piece of it besides cloud, as you just mentioned, is the open source. And nobody knows open source obviously like Red Hat. And we hear time and time again, even Mark Hurd, we interviewed him at Oracle, talked about the incredible pace of innovation that is enabled by an open source ethos. Huge piece of what's going on. You guys seem to have mastered it. Not everybody's really mastered the open source. Why is Red Hat doing such a great job and what is it kind of from an ethos that lets you guys be so successful managing in an open source world? A big part of it is it's core culturally to who we are. We are a company built from, we're delivering enterprise products but we're building that using an open source development model and we really focus on engaging with the community, being a part of the community, being leaders in that community, being influential in that community on behalf of our customers. And it's that level of engineering rigor that's really required to be successful in any open source project and taking that project into production so that you're not sort of stuck at the whims of the upstream but you're really there helping influence where the upstream goes. And I think one of the things that's really exciting to me about OCP is you're seeing that similar collaboration model. You get a diverse set of people bringing different use cases and different skills and experiences, working together, solving a problem. And now we're solving that at the hardware layer. And what's important there I think is the users have an avenue for getting engaged. And you see this in open source software, users are part of the communities. Here it's not just vendors designing new systems and delivering those to their customers, hoping they're meeting something useful, making something useful for their customers. We're working together, users, designers and the whole supply chain. I think it's really a powerful way to do technology innovation. And really just the whole co-operative thing which is such an interesting and very Silicon Valley way because the reality is there is no just a customer. There is no Boeing, right? There's a lot of Boeing projects and a lot of Boeing customers and a lot of Boeing needs that can be supplied by a whole host of people. And also the rate at which all this stuff is changing, no single vendor can stay at the cutting edge. It's really not even realistic and you shouldn't because there's a lot of people outside of your four walls that can and will make tremendous contributions to what you're working on. Yeah, I mean we're working together with our competitors and with our partners, building software that we know satisfies our customer needs. We also know that we're helping our partners and competitors succeed. That it's sort of the rising tide raises all boats. We're trying to really improve the industry, move it forward and let everybody benefit from that. Right, so if we come back a year from now, what do you see as kind of some of the big accomplishments looking forward to 2017 that needs to still be kind of taken down or significant progress made? Well it depends on which layer of the stack you're talking. I think one of the things we'll see here, OCP, is that we've gone past that initial stage of a few design specifications, small number of ODMs providing hardware and it's really, you can see here on the showroom floor, there's a lot of activity, a lot of real production quality hardware. So that helps it move out of just kind of an awesome idea, a technology dream into a practical reality and things going into production and it helps companies like us find ways to get involved because our customers are now interested in putting that hardware into their data centers. So I think we'll see more and more increase of science projects, it's real honest production work. Production, production, production. All right, well because I know you got to go, you got a session later this afternoon. I wrote down scale out software solutions so I'll let you get going. Thanks for taking a few minutes out of your busy day. Thank you. All right, he's Chris Wright, I'm Jeff Rick. You're watching theCUBE. See you next time. Thanks for watching.


the first and foremost from the immigrants and the helpers and all of those who follow them in goodness. Allah is pleased with them and they are well pleased with him. And he has prepared for them gardens under which rivers flow, wherein they shall dwell forever and that is the supreme achievement. The first and foremost, the pioneers of this Ummah from the Muhajiri and the Ansar. These are people we honor. We honor them because without them there would be no us. It is because of their sacrifices of wealth, sacrifice of comfort, sacrifice of their lives that Islam still is with us and has been passed down to us today. Despite the fact that they fell into strife as we know in Muslim history, two civil wars and great strife and upheaval for many centuries. But, Alhamdulillah, Allah SWT has blessed us to preserve our religion, to preserve the book that He revealed to our messenger, alayhi salam, to preserve the prophetic tradition that He bequeathed to us. Alhamdulillah, still in its original state and for us to benefit from the many fruits and wisdoms of that great legacy. The student of Abdullah ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, is Mujabir ibn Jabir. He said, So, the first of those who proclaimed Islam openly were the messenger of Allah, may Allah be pleased with him, and Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him. It didn't continue. As well as, As for the messenger of Allah, may Allah's blessing and peace be upon him and his family, Allah protected him by his paternal uncle, Abu Talib. As for Abu Bakr, his people protected him. As for the remainder of them, they had no protection. So, they were taken and they were placed into plates of iron and left to bask in the sun and experience the immense heat from those plates. And as we know, many of them had boulders, or some of them had boulders placed on their chests in order to compel them to recant and to renounce Allah and His messenger, Aleyhi salatu wa s-salam. These are pioneers. And I want to spend today to reflect upon the lives of these people, or at least try to highlight some of the important characteristics of them. And I want to give you a chance to take a look at the fact that they are not just a group of people, but they are not just a group of people, their lives with these people, or at least how to highlight some of the important characteristics of them. Take for instance, Khabbab ibn Arad. After the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and Abu Bakr al-Siddique, raja Allahu an. Khabbab is said to be the very first person to openly proclaim Islam. Khabbab ibn Arad. Khabbab was from Ben-Ussad. He was a sort maker. He was captured and enslaved during a raid. He served under a very cruel mistress known as Um Anmar. And when Khabbab had been discovered from time to time speaking with the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, she would punish him, she would torture him, she would take pieces of iron and she would heat it, and she would have it placed on his head and on other parts of his body to burn him, to discourage him from listening to this strange, strange teaching that he's receiving from Muhammad, who they consider to be some sort of sorcerer or a port or some soothsayer or fortune teller.  And it says in the narration that the only thing that put the fire out was the blood and the serum running from my back. And it said that Khabbab was tortured so much that his muscles in his back were atrophies. If you looked at his back, you only could see bones and burnt skin. And he even said that although everyone speaks of Bilal and how Bilal had it very bad, that Bilal didn't have it as bad as I did. Said at least Bilal, he had a family who were coming to his defense. They had a tribe coming to his defense. Not that he was his Abyssinian tribe, but the tribe that he had an allegiance to, that those people were defending Bilal, but Khabbab had no one. Khabbab was a slave himself. He lost contact with his own tribe. He said at least Bilal had someone to advocate for him. I had no one to advocate for me. And on one particular occasion, I'm talking about Khatab, of course in the later days when he had become Muslim and he was, and during his reign he had saw Khabbab and he was walking with him. It started to question him about the days of his torment. And Khabbab, he says, Umar, look at my back. And he removed his shirt and let Umar look see his back. And then Umar said, I haven't seen the back of a real man before today. The first time I've ever seen the back of a true man, a real man. In other words, these people had underwent great torment, great torture because of what they believed in.  That they believed that their way of life was a life that Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala, the creator of the heavens and the earth, wanted them to lead. And ultimately the very life that Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala was for every human being to lead except without compulsion. Without compulsion. But Islam is the religion of the guy's religion. It is the religion that he wants for humanity to live by. And they believe this. And they wanted things to change from what they have been accustomed to. And one particular occasion, Khabbab becomes the prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam. And he says, Ya Rasulullah, ala tas tansur lana. Won't you ask Allah to give us help? Why don't you pray to Allah that he come and give us his help? The prophet became upset when he heard this. And remember what I just said about Khabbab and what he's gone through? All this torture. The prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam, when Khabbab actually came and asked him this question, was in the Ka'abah and he was resting his head on one of his cloaks before the Ka'abah. So Khabbab, you can imagine Khabbab saying, I'm going through all of this punishment and you look at you that you're comfortable in the protection of the Ka'abah. Ya Rasulullah, are you not going to seek and petition Allah sallallahu alaihi wa sallam to grant his victory, to grant his help? The prophet became angry. And he says to him, the people before you, ditches were dug for them and their bodies were placed into their ditches. The saw would be produced and they would be sawed and halved at their skulls. And others would have the meat raked from their bones. And none of that would deter them. None of that would turn them away from Islam. None of that would turn them away from Islam, from Allah sallallahu alaihi wa sallam. Well, I can not come to Sa'ajilun, but you are hasty. You people are impatient. Again, khabab, this is khabab, impatient. But Rasulullah sallallahu alaihi wa sallam is basically saying, no, people had it worse than you'd had it. Even you, khabab. Another of course is Bilal ibn Rabah, a raja'allahu anhu was among those who was mentioned in this hadith or this statement by Mujahid ibn Jabir. And there's a version by Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, a raja'allahu anhu as well. In Bilal ibn Rabah, we know so much about him. He was the son of slaves for Abyssinia.  He refused to disavow Allah sallallahu alaihi wa sallam in his messenger. Bilal was a son of Arabia. Not meaning that he was an Arab, but he was born and raised in Arabia. And I think this is an important point to highlight a misunderstanding that many people have because there's actually a supposed hadith that says that Bilal, when he called the adhan because of his dialect, his accent, he couldn't say ashhadu. That he would say ashhadu, ashhallahu alaihi wa sallam. And supposedly the prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam said Bilal is seen to Allah sallallahu alaihi wa sallam, that this is a fabricated hadith. Bilal, this is ibn Kathir. He makes it clear that this is a fabricated hadith. That Bilal was eloquent. Bilal, he has poetry. Bilal himself, he was by all intents and purposes, culturally in Arab in that sense, that his language was Arabic. But Bilal, as we know, we know him as the first one of them. But that's not all what Bilal was. He wasn't just someone with a nice voice. That's not all what Bilal was. He was an important figure in Islamic history. That he was also responsible for the baits and mouths, the treasury, the prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam gave him that task. Bilal, he would serve the messenger of Allah sallallahu alaihi wa sallam. That he would go out day by day, trying to find sustenance, things for the prophet to eat, as did Abdullah al-Mas'ud and Anas ibn Malik, so many others. They would, of course, carry, they would bring him his sandals, they would give him his toothbrush, all these things that they would do for the messenger of Allah sallallahu alaihi wa sallam. Bilal, on the day of Eid, Bilal would be the one who actually would lead the prophet's sacrificial lamb out to the prayer grounds, to have it slaughtered. That was Bilal al-Rabah. He had a very, very special position that he had. And we know the story of him being freed by Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, Raja Allahu An. Even though there's some disagreement about his athlete, how his freedom was achieved, but the famous story is that it was Abu Bakr who did so. We know stories about Bilal being berated. We won't have time to get involved with that, but that's not really what we're here for. But the idea is that they understand, remember that these are people who sacrificed for us because they believed in something greater than themselves. They sacrificed for us, of course, for themselves too, because they wanted to be close to Allah sallallahu alaihi wa sallam. But ultimately, we can say that the far-reaching effects of their decisions have reached us today. Sumea bin Khoyaj, Raja Allahu An, she was the very first martyr in Islamic history. Sumea was the mother of Ammar ibn Yasab, Raja Allahu An, who many of us know who he is. Sumea was Abyssinian as well. Ammar's father was from Yemen. Yasab ibn Amr, Al-Absi was from Yemen. And Sumea, similar to Bilal, refused to give the Mushriqin what they wanted. They wanted her to renounce Allah and to renounce His messenger, alaihi sallatu wa sallam. So it wasn't only Bilal who refused to say that Allah is more than one, or that there's more than one God. It was also Sumea. It was also khabbat. There were others as well. And Sumea ended up being the very first of those killed in Islam with a very gruesome fashion, which I don't think we have the stomach to even mention from the minbar. But she had a very gruesome way that she was killed, unfortunately. But one of the great martyrs, the very first martyrs in Islam, Sumea bin Khoyaj, Yasab ibn Amr, her son, as we stated, he was the son of Yasab ibn Amr, who himself was from Yemen, who actually ended up in Mecca only because he and two of his brothers were searching for one of their other brothers who had been lost, apparently captured, or perhaps just simply fled away from their lands. So the brothers, his two brothers returned to Yemen, but he remained there in Mecca. And naturally, when you remain in Mecca, you have to form an alliance with someone, because you need the protection of the local tribes. So eventually he and his wife and his son become Muslims. And that decision is looked at as a type of treachery. And so they lose the protection of the tribe that had been given protection during this time. And all three of them, as we know, they were persecuted. And one particular day, it's the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, he walked by them as they were being tormented. He called out to them, sabran ala Yasab, be patient. Patience, oh family of Yasab. Innamo idikumul jannah, because your appointment is with Allah in jannah, insha'Allah, that Allah will reward you with jannah. Be patient, patience, oh family of Yasab. Soheb ibn Sinan, also known as Soheb al-Rumi, Soheb the Roman. Now, a misunderstanding that many people have about Soheb is that he wasn't Arab. The truth is that Soheb ibn Sinan was actually an Arab, he's ethnic Arab. But the reason he's called a Rumi was because when he was a little boy, he was kidnapped by the Byzantines at the border between Persia, the territories ruled by Persia, and the Byzantines, and he was taken to Rome. And in Rome he grew up and he lost his accent, his original, his fluency in Arabic as a result of that. He still knew Arabic, but he developed a very strong accent when he spoke. His father and his uncle, they worked as feudal lords for the Persians, you know, when the Byzantines had invaded. And so he was again kidnapped and transformed into a slave, and then eventually he had found his way back to Arabia. On one particular occasion, Umrah al-Khattabah asked him that why is it that you claim affiliation or lineage to the Arabs? And so he explained to him what his lineage was. He said, no, he told him this story. He told him that, no, I'm actually an Arab, I'm not one of you. On one occasion Umrah al-Khattabah was visiting Soheb on his estate with one of his free slaves, Abu Aslam. Aslam. And so Soheb came out and he saw them, he became excited, and he said, Yanash, Yanash! Oh people, oh people! At least that's what Umrah al-Khattabah understood him to say. So Umrah was like, that was a very strange way to greet someone, to say, oh people, oh people. So he says, why is he saying oh people, oh people? Why is he saying Yanash, Yanash? But Aslam said, no, no, no, he's not saying, oh Nas, he's not saying Yanash, he's saying Yohannas, Yohannas. He's calling his servant. He's calling the name of his servant. He found it difficult to say Yohannas because he had lost his fluency in the Arabic language. But Soheb al-Romey was among those who were tortured as well for Allah's sake. And one of the early pioneers of Islam and one of the reasons that we all have Islam today, Meqdad al-Amr is another of these people. Meqdad al-Amr, he was from the tribe of Kindah. And he fled to Mecca because of a murder. He had murdered someone and he had fled to Mecca because he was afraid they was going to be dealt with among his people. And once he arrived, he was incorporated into the tribe or he was adopted by, rather, Aswad ibn Abdul Yeruz. And for that reason, he was referred to as Meqdad, ibn Aswad from that moment until Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala made it impermissible to refer to someone who is not your son as your son. Meqdad, he had been on the second hijrah to Abyssinia. But he missed the opportunity to flee to Medina for some particular reason, apparently because the Mishrikine prevented him to do so. But in one particular encounter, a story between the Prophet Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam and the Sahaba and the Mishrikine, a peaceful encounter, he himself and two other Sahaba, they had defected and they joined the Muslims and they went back with them to Medina. He was known for his famous speech at Badr, Meqdad al-Amr. This is when the Prophet Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, he was trying to ascertain whether or not the Muhajirin and the Ansar were willing to fight because originally they came out to retrieve their goods. But now they're here. Now the army, the Meccan army is approaching and now they have to fight. So the Prophet wanted to be sure that you're giving me Ba'a, but are you truly willing to fight? And then Meqdad stood up and among the things he said was, we won't say to you what Banu Sallayhi said to Moses which was that you and your Lord go and fight. We want to remain here. No, we say that you and we all will go. We will fight with you. We will fight with you. We're not going to say the same thing that they have said. Then you have people like these women, these great women who also sacrificed, Labinah, who was a maid servant of Ben-Utameen. Before Ibn Abkhattab became Muslim, he would torment many people. Among them were women. Omar Abkhattab used to torture Labinah. She actually used to sometimes choke her until she passed out. This is how severe that her punishment would be, but she herself remained firm. She used to even threaten Omar Abkhattab with divine punishment if he did not accept Islam. She would still remind him, even if he wasn't afraid that, yeah, you can do with me whatever you want. But if you don't accept Islam, if you don't enter Islam, Allah knows how that he's going to punish you. This is Labinah. Brave women. Brave women. Another woman was Zanira Ar-Rumiya. This was a Byzantine woman who was a slave as well who was also mistreated by Omar Abkhattab. Raja Allahu An. When Zanira, she became Muslim, she lost her sight. And once she lost her sight, the mushrikeen they started to say, oh, Latin Uzzah placed a curse on you because you accepted this foreign religion. And so she said, no, it has nothing to do with that. This has to come from the creator of the heavens, that he has done this to me. And then after some time, Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala restored her sight. And what did they say at this time? This had to do with the witchcraft of Muhammad. Muhammad had his sorcery did this to her. That's the only way, the only reason why she could have her sight returned because of his sorcery. Not because Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala had chosen her for the truth. And then lastly, because there's no time, there's so many people I can speak about. It's Ahmed Ibn Fuhairah. Raja Allahu An. He was an Arab slave, similar to other Arab slaves. He was also the uterine or the maternal brother of Umm al-Mu'mineen Aisha Rajalanha and her brother Abdul Rahman. He was freed by Abu Bakr Siddique, Raja Allahu An. He was among those people who, the few people who knew the prophet's location and Jabal Thor, when he was on his, his, his path to Medina with Abu Bakr Siddique. Ahmed Ibn Fuhairah used to bring the prophet and Abu Bakr food at certain times every single night as they waited to decide when they're going to leave and depart from Medina. They would bring with them goats, which were lactating and then they would give them the milk to drink from it. And, and, and so sometimes he would come with Abu Bakr's son and so that way, they would have someone who could cover their tracks so that the Mushrikiin would not find a way to, to the location of the prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam. But a miraculous event happened in one particular battle where in Ahmed Ibn Fuhairah he had fell to the ground and the man who had been fighting him he had a spear and he took his spear and he stabbed Ahmed Ibn Fuhairah. This same man later on became Muslim because of this incident so he stabs Ahmed Ibn Fuhairah and he says, as I stabbed him, it's as if his body disappeared. It was either swallowed up by the earth or a lost, I don't know, thought it took it up the heavens.  But these are our pioneers. These are the people who sacrificed so much for us. These are the people who believed that Islam is the source of strength, is the source of salvation. The real question is, do we still believe that? We ask Allah, Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, that he restore our faith and our religion and increase our knowledge and proper understanding and to give us the courage and strength to defend it when faced with a challenge.  It is he who sent his messenger with the religion of truth, with guidance and a religion of truth in order to proclaim it over our religion, even if the idolaters, they are displeased with it. This is Quran. The Muslims throughout most of our history understood that they not only had an obligation to fulfill the complements of Allah SWT and to avoid the prohibitions, but also that there's a great burden on our shoulders, which is to bring the life of God to the rest of the world. This is clearly demonstrated in our history. They had a sense of mission. And while not every Muslim has an obligation to go out publicly and do dawah, that every Muslim has the obligation to enjoin what is good and forbid what is wrong. Even if that means keeping it inside, there should not be a Muslim who is enjoining wrong and forbidding the good, as we see today, unfortunately, quite often, and distorting the clear and pristine religion of Islam, the image of the Messenger of Allah, his legacy. So we are called to return to our religion. We are called to repent to Allah SWT, to reform ourselves, to remind ourselves of the great gifts we have been given. It is a source of our salvation. It is a source of our happiness. Without it, we would be nothing. We are nothing. And especially when we consider the fact that none of us shall tarry here forever on this earth, that there is a great reckoning, inshallah, after may Allah SWT protect me and protect you from that reckoning for failing him and our responsibility to ourselves, to our families, and to his creation. May Allah and His angels pray upon the Prophet. O you who believe, pray upon him and send him peace.


American Horror Story Season 10 is back in production after a brief hiatus and the pieces are finally starting to come together. Not only do we have updates regarding the state of production and more character information, we also have a brand new cast member that has been added to the season. So let's start with the best news first, but before I do that, this video was made with the support of my channel members. Thank you so much for your support and if you would also like to become a member, you can for as low as $0.99 a month and you will receive early access to every video and exclusive uploads every month. But anyway, the big news of the day is that Francis Conroy has officially joined the cast of season 10. This news was confirmed by Ryan Murphy who commented on an Instagram fan account saying, quote, I can confirm that our beloved Franny is indeed in this season. This comes directly after fans noticed one of the confirmed directors for an episode of season 10 expressed excitement in working with Francis in her own Instagram comment that was later deleted. Season 10 will be the 8th season to feature a Francis Conroy role and it is worth noting that we do not yet know if she is a main cast member, recurring, or a guest star. Despite being a staple of the show, Francis Conroy was only a main cast member in Coven and Freak Show. Her roles in Murder House and Asylum were recurring and she then had guest roles in Roanoke, Cult, and Apocalypse. As I discussed in my last video, once rumors swirled that Kathy Bates may have pulled out of season 10, many hoped for Francis to be taking over the role that was intended for Kathy. But the rumor of Kathy's departure has yet to be proven true or false so there is no way to tell if this is why Francis was brought on. But everything I discussed regarding Kathy Bates is completely speculation but if she cannot film season 10 then there could be a decent chance that Francis Conroy is getting a main role because of this. I am a huge Francis Conroy fan, like so many of the actresses on this show, she brings so much to each season that she takes part in so even if it is just another guest role I am very glad that we get to see her on the show again. One of the first things that Ryan did say about season 10 was that he intended on bringing a lot of the core cast members back together. It's hard to determine which actors are exactly core actors since not one season's cast is the same but if you think about the actors that are phenomenal in many roles throughout the series, I think the ones that come to mind are people like Sarah Paulson, Evan Peters, Lily Raeve, Jessica Ling, Angela Bassett, Dennis O'Hare, Kathy Bates, and of course Francis Conroy. I think give or take these actors are the core of AHS and so far AHS 10 has already cast whether it is still the case or not 5 out of the 8 that I just named. I would absolutely love for them to bring in some more AHS legends like Angela or Dennis to this season but I think just like every season some of the legends will inevitably be missing. Jessica is probably never going to return in a new role. I think we got very lucky in season 8 and that was her send-off from the series. I think it is criminal that the show has not cast Dennis O'Hare since season 6. With that being said I don't think AHS is dependent on any one actor as I think 1984 proved with some really great new additions to the cast and a season functioning well without Sarah or Evan present. In case you've been out of the loop, last year it was revealed that an AHS spin-off would be heading to FX on Hulu called American Horror Stories and we now know that it will consist of 16 anthological episodes featuring some members of the AHS cast. Cody Fern and Dylan McDermott are attached so far in acting roles and Sarah Paulson is set to direct an episode and just this last month it seems that the show has begun the casting process. This can only mean that filming is not far away and a casting call online reads as follows. In partnership with FX on Hulu Ryan Murphy is unveiling a new horror series that will tell short tales in lieu of a season-long arc. American Horror Stories will comprise of 16 standalone episodes that span a range of topics from creepy and dystopian to murderous and ghostly featuring talent seen in the original anthology. The casting call went on to note that no shooting dates or locations have been announced. Now back to season 10 news in my last video I reported to you that 20th century television applied for permits to film season 10 in Provincetown, Massachusetts from February to March 2021.  At least that is the plan but the February to March schedule is no longer happening as a town official has revealed that there has been no signed location agreement. He stated there is nothing in place at the moment other than some very general conversations. The original plan was for a 100 person cast and crew to be in the town from January 25th 2021 to March 13th. It seems that the AHS production does not yet have a set plan or schedule for the Provincetown shoot just yet and the Provincetown tourism director says the hold-up is likely due to casting and availability. With American crime story filming again perhaps the availability of Sarah Paulson is the issue. Some of season 10's cast members have spilled some information about their characters shedding some more light on the mysterious season as a whole. Let's start with Angela Carras. Firstly she gave an interviewer some insight on what fan theories are off base. She confirmed the season has something to do with sharp teeth but also said that the season will not be about vampires. We are filming right now and what I can tell you is that it definitely involves something surrounding sharp teeth but I will say that I think that people are very far off who are thinking that this has to do with vampires. What else have I seen? I've seen some interesting American Horror Story fans. They will print something like it's fact and they'll be so far off. Like one thing I can tell them for sure, well no I shouldn't say that because I don't know that for sure. I'll just say that the season has nothing to do with what anyone thinks it has to do with right now.  Interesting. In that same interview Angelica gave us some clarity about the unclarity of season 10's release. She says they have not pinned down a release date and will not until they can know the work will be completed. This makes sense as the filming of the season in particular has been pushed back so incredibly much they see no reason to make a deadline as the important thing that I hope they are focusing on is getting it done safely and not quickly. One last piece of information that Angelica Ross has given fans recently regards her character in season 10. More specifically which characters she interacts with. She began to list cast members she had scenes with with people such as Sarah Paulson, Leslie Grossman, Evan Peters, and Billy Lord before simply saying she has scenes with the whole cast. Then she says that the story is written in a way where her character gets to engage with every cast member. I think it is interesting the way she phrases that. The way it is written allows her to interact with everybody. I mean when you think about it this is kind of a weird thing to say because as a main cast member you are likely to have scenes with the entire cast. I mean Angelica was a main in 1984 and had scenes with every other main character at some point so it isn't unique to this season unless this is only unique for her character this season in particular. Maybe not many of the main cast members interact with many of the others. Remember a while ago Sarah Paulson stated that the season was going to be broken up in a way that has never happened before. This is obviously a vague thing to try and speculate about but maybe each episode deals with one character or a few interrelated characters stories and then elsewhere either in time or place the other cast members have their own stories. If a story structure like this is implemented then Angelica Ross has implied that her character will be breaking the barrier between the separate stories. That's as far as I'll go into theorizing in this video so let's move on to some new details that Sarah Paulson revealed about her character. In an interview with Entertainment Weekly Sarah stated the character I'm playing this year on Horror Story has some issues let's just put it that way. I have a hair color that I've never had in life nor on the show and I have a great name. I have a great name which I can't tell you end quote. I'm excited to see what hair color they went for for this character. I'm also just excited to get a new Sarah Paulson character in AHS at all because if you think about it the last new character we had from her was Venable back in 2018 and Venable wasn't even the main Sarah character in that season so it feels like even longer. I know you probably can't talk about it much at all but what is something that you might get to do in American Horror Story season 10 that you've never had the chance to do on that show before? Gosh I can say that the person I'm playing on this on this season is nothing like anyone I've played on the show before and I am having such a wonderful time with her and with my fellow actors and I love this season. I love this season. I think new fans of the show will love this season but I really the long-time fans of the show I just can't wait to share this season with them. Yeah there's something about it. It's really I wish I could say more but I really love I wish I yeah I just Well those are all of the updates that I have for you today make sure you subscribe for more AHS coverage give this video a like if you liked it and I'll see you next time.


My name is Tim Reed. I'm extension of Modest with Auburn University and today I'm going to be talking about scouting for insect pests or soybeans. The first pest I'm going to talk about on soybeans are cutworms. Cutworms cliff off the plants at the soil surface or just above the soil surface and they burrow into the soil in the daytime and they come out to feed at night. Sometimes they'll hide underneath the residue that's between the rows and they are becoming more and more of a problem as we go to more and more cover crops during the winter prior to planting.  It's going to be hard to see as I said earlier until you get to the point where you can scrape them up with a knife. The feeding damage that they do is typical shown here, typically shown here with the leaves that they've eaten on the corn plant. They'll also feed on cotton leaves, peanut leaves, and soybean leaves. On cotton they can notch this plant stem and maybe not eat all the way through it as they did here. They can thin the stand over time and you'll start out with maybe a one to two percent stand loss the first couple of days after the plant start to come up and then over time you can get up to a 10, 20 percent or more stand loss. So they'll get in your pocket book very quick if you're not careful and allowed to get ahead of you. They are they're in the fields feeding on vegetation prior to planting and that's why you really need to consider using a pyrethorid insecticide at the time you burn down as well as at the time you plant if you're in a high risk area for cut worm damage. Thrips can also be a pest of soybeans. They are always present on soybeans but they're they don't do the same level of damage on soybeans that they do on cotton. You can find this type of stippling effect sometimes. They all vector a soybean vein that crosses virus in North Alabama and we've have seen your reductions in cage studies where we looked at the caging plants and not caging plants and keeping excluding the thrips from feeding on the soybeans and vectoring that viral disease. They can craquel up the leaves like this and acquire treatment in some situations. You can sample thrips by checking the plants over a white surface like a notepad or a handkerchief. Another pest of seedling soybeans would be the immature wireworms. The immature stage of beetles they can feed on soybeans when they're germinating. Three-cornered alfalfa hoppers will girdle plants where they're piercing sucking mouth parts and they can cause the plants to fall over later on. Immature three-cornered alfalfa hoppers are very unusual looking and not going to get them mixed up with anything else. They will also do the same type of girdling. They'll girdle the lateral branches, the main stems, and the leaf petio. It is thought that the girdling by these insects interferes with photosynthesis and the flow of nutrients to developing seed. You may not notice three-quarter alfalfa hopper injury until you go out and sample your soybeans with a sweetener drop cloth and you notice that the plants fall over. They'll fall over and you'll look and they'll have an even break area. It looks like it took a chainsaw to it and cut a smooth surface, level surface cut. Sometimes the girdle will not be all the way around the plant enough for the plant to break off. It'll break off partially. Sometimes the feeding by the three-cornered alfalfa hoppers will lead to the formation of adventitious roots as you see here. If you plant soybeans into a wheat-covered crop, the current thinking is that you may have a higher damage in that cover crop or that other crop of wheat that you plant the soybeans into, then you would if you'd till that wheat up and plant. If you're using the onyxanoid seed treatment on your soybeans, it will reduce the level of three-cornered alfalfa hopper damage that you see on those beans when you plant into them. Work done in Mississippi indicated when they put two adult three-cornered alfalfa hoppers per plant on case soybeans, they had a higher level of girdle plants when they infested at the three-inch height than they did at the ten-inch height, indicating that the girdling that they do when it's severe is going to start when the plants are very small. Later work done in Mississippi indicated that the adults were higher on the plants than the immatures, that the nymphs prefer stems, by the adults prefer pettios to feed on, and they did find that when they put three three-cornered alfalfa hoppers per plant for one week, they got a yield reduction in the greenhouse, but they didn't in the field studies. Treat for three-cornered alfalfa hoppers recommended when the plant stand is being reduced below the recommended plant population. We don't really have a good threshold for seedling soybeans when we're sweeping. We don't have one that I'm aware of. For plant-setting ponds, the treatment threshold of two hoppers per sweeps is sometimes recommended. Recent research in Mississippi indicates that the threshold of two hoppers per sweep is probably too low. Significant yield losses due to hoppers are most likely to occur from feeding when the soybeans are less than ten inches tall, and once ponds begin to develop, you need to consider three-cornered alfalfa hopper numbers as a component of your pest complex when making treatment decisions. That's a constant bore larvae are going to be a problem in dry weather and sandy soils. They bore up and down the stems of the plants that they attack. The burrow weakens the stems and causes the plants to fall over and die, and the larvae wiggle violently when disturbed. They move in and out of plants feeding. They'll go into these feeding tubes that they form by spinning silk webbing that will have soil particles attached to it. They burrow up and down the plant during wet weather. They can actually burrow clean through the top of a 12-inch tall soybean plant come out the top. This is the moss that you can trap with pheromones. There's a model that was developed at Auburn University to help people use the pheromone traps and monitor the weather data to predict when lesser cornstalk boars are going to be an issue. You see this soybean plant was killed by a lesser cornstalk that bored into the plant. These are feeding tubes on larger plants, showing how big the tubes can actually get. And this is one way you can pull up plants and look for presence of lesser cornstalk bore larvae in your soybean field. Research said I did in Tifton, Georgia in the early 80s, showed that when we artificially infested small plots of soybeans with three-corner alfalfa hoppers, excuse me, with lesser cornstalk boars, we could kill the larvae better if we used Lord's Bandit. If we did not and where we used, we would burn the wheat versus not burning the wheat. We had lesser damage reduced in those plots.  Burning a cover crop has been reported to increase the number of miles that move into the field after it's been planted. It attracts the moths. Beanleaf beetles are sporadic pest of soybeans in Alabama. They're not as serious a pest as they once were. They're different color phases. They can move into seeding soybeans and do quite a bit of damage, especially along field borders. This is kind of feeding damage that they do. Once this damage gets to this level, I would certainly want to spray my seeded soybeans for beanleaf beetles. Podworms feed on the beans in the pod. They move up and down the plant. In the morning, they'll be up on high on the plant as the temperature is warm up. They'll move down on the plant. This is a picture from soybeans that I took in August of 2016. The plants were in the bloom, the very early pod field stage, and the podworms are actually feeding on the lush green foliage or so than they were on the blooms in the little pods. Economic thresholds vary from state to state. The economic threshold in Arkansas on 38-inch rows is four per three row feet, three per row foot, excuse me, it's four per row foot on 38-inch rows, three per row foot on 30-inch rows, and they reduce the threshold to a lower level and address stress situations. In Mississippi, threshold for podworms is three per row foot with a drop cloth sample and nine per 25 weeks for the sweet net. In Mississippi, they also have a dynamic threshold that varies with the price of soybeans and the cost of control. In Alabama, based on the research done by Dr. Ron Smith, we have just data that showed us that we lost three quarters of a bushel per acre for each infested larval per row foot. So the value of that would be seven dollars and 30 cents with beans at $10 per bushel. That's about a 2.2% yield loss per infested larval per row foot. If you do the math with a 38-inch row spacing, it takes a loss of 5.2 seed per row foot to result in a yield loss of a half bushel per acre. That's $5 worth of soybeans at $10 bushel beans. A single podworm is going to do more damage than this. So on podworms in Alabama, the treatment threshold is one per row foot or three for 15 sweeps between blooming and pod maturity. The smaller the pod, the more positive single podworm will damage. When you're sampling soybeans, remember that a drop cost sample is going to capture throughout two-thirds of the larvae that are actually present with respect to corn earworms. It's going to be a conversion factor. If you've got three per row foot on a drop cloth, you can expect to sleep net sample to pick up 19 per 25 sweeps. Thomas and his researchers did some good work in Missouri in the early 70s where they simulated defoliation at four different levels and depotting at four different levels at different stages of soybean development. In these studies, the control yields were always between 40 and 45 bushels per acre. If we look at the bar charts here where we have depotting and defoliation axes, we see that where we had 33% defoliation and no depotting, we had a 15% yield loss with 100% depotting and no defoliation. We had a 5% yield loss when pods were in the R3 stage of development. If we go to the R5 stage of development, the same levels of defoliation and depotting cause more damage with 33% defoliation and no depotting. We get 25% yield loss with 100% depotting and no defoliation. We get a 70% yield loss. Green stink bugs and other stink bugs are long-lived insects that can cause a lot of damage to your crops. The dust can live for two months. Immature states takes 30 days to go through five instars. The eggs hatch in the summer in about five days and there are a lot of eggs in the egg masses. The green stink bug eggs will start out green and then before they hatch they'll be kind of a pinkish color. The immature stages of the stink bug, they tend to congregate together to maximize the benefit of the odor they produce and protect them from predation towards off predators. If we look at the green stink bug, the immature stage has orange shoulders. There's a southern green stink bug adult and then the immature stage of the southern green stink bug has a pink margin that separates it from the green stink bug immature. If you look at green and southern green stink bug you'll notice that the scent glands are elongated on the green stink bug and they're not as elongated on the southern green stink bug. Brown stink bug is a common pest of soybeans and other row crops. This is the way it looks. This is an immature brown stink bug. They're more difficult to kill than the green stink bugs. Rice stink bug, red bandage stink bug is becoming a more serious pest in Alabama.  It has a relatively large proboscis that can feed on larger soybeans. It's harder to kill but also because it moves lower down on the plant than some other stink bugs do. Red bandage stink bug lays its eggs in two rows. We see those here. The immature stage is it hatches. It's a pretty red color. Red bandage stink bug is similar to the red shoulder stink bug. It differs from the red bandage by having an abdominal... it differs from the red shoulder because it has an abdominal spine. Red shoulder stink bug does not have an abdominal spine. It's a little bit shorter stink bug. These are the early instars of the red shoulder stink bug. It has kind of a zebra stripe appearance. Brown marmorated stink bug is becoming established in Alabama. We continue to find it in more and more counties every year. The immature stage is shown here in the picture. It walks kind on its tiptoes when it's out in the field. It's easily distinguished from other immature stink bugs. This slide shows the relative sizes of different stink bugs. The bottom left-hand corner is the brown marmorated stink bug. Above it is the predatious stink bug. It desys macular ventris with the pointy shoulders. The second stink bug from the left in the picture is the red bandage stink bug. Third stink bug from the left on the top is the red shoulder stink bug. Next to the brown marmorated stink bug. The first stink bug on the bottom on the left is the brown stink bug. It's the second stink bug and then you've got a stink bug that feeds on trees on the very bottom right-hand corner. Stink bug economic injury levels except for red banded bloom to mid pod field. We have one for three row feet or two for 15 sweeps. Mid pod field to maturity one per row foot or three for 15 sweeps. For the red banded stink bug the treatment threshold is one for three row feet or two per 15 sweeps. Kudzu bug is now it's about the fifth year that we've had this pest across the state. It has not been an extremely serious pest during the last two years because of the Bavaria fungus and the parasitic wasps that have reduced the populations. Initially we thought that this was going to be a very serious pest as they would cover the the main stem of seedling soybeans pretty early in the growing season. They reduced the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, and they reduced seed size and they reduced yields about 20 percent in their studies at prapostation for two years in a row. And then the populations declined due to the fungus and the parasitic wasp. This is the immature stage. It's flat-bodied and a very hairy insect. The eggs are laid in two rows.  Economic threshold for kudzu bug prior to first bloom treat when there is an average of five kudzu bugs per plant for the whole field. After first bloom through R6, apply insecticide when the sweet net catches 10 adults per sweep or you have one or more nymph per sweep. Talk about now the caterpillar pest of soybeans. The soybean looper is the most difficult to control caterpillar in soybeans. It starts usually in the lower part of the plant and the larvae move up.  Our foliage feeders have a defoliation threshold prior to bloom of 35 percent. It's uh 20 percent defoliation threshold from pod set to maturity. You need to treat prior to 20 percent leaf loss when you have five to eight loopers or have been caterpillars that are a quarter of inch longer or longer the foot of row or you can treat when you catch an average 1.5 worms per sweep since loopers are harder to dislodge you count them twice and this is per sweep across two rows.  This slide here shows different defoliation levels and you can see that 20 defoliation to me it looks like a a heavier level of defoliation than 20 percent. You can then distinguish caterpillars by their abdominal proleg number. The abdominal prolegs are in the middle part of the body green clover worm has three abdominal prolegs. The caterpillar has four abdominal prolegs. Podworm has four abdominal prolegs. Pallarworm has four abdominal prolegs and it also has fewer seti or hairs on its back than a that a podworm has. It's a slicker back of caterpillar. There are many color phases of falls and and podworms especially podworms and so you can't use color to tell apart. Of caterpillar treatment options we can control all the caterpillars that attack soybeans easily with pyrethroids and we can get 30 plus days residual control on caterpillars except for lupors with with the pyrethroids. The products that are preferred for soybean lupor control or prevathon and trippin and trippin-edge and besiege. You can have severe defoliation in your soybean fields in some situations if you don't keep them checked they can totally denude the field. Beanleaf beetles can feed on soybean pods and they can graze through the pod and allow water to get into the pod and right the bean. Mexican bean beetle can also feed on foliage. Blister beetles are present in soybean fields usually they're clumped in spots in the field it can be in very large numbers maybe a half acre or so and they can be difficult to get to especially in Naruto soybeans to where you can actually find them. You may want to use binoculars to look across the field to find the spots where these insects are defoliating your soybeans. Blister beetles can cause blisters so you don't want to let them get on they have cantheridin which is a toxic substance that can be very harmful to horses when they eat them in the hay. Remember that when you plant late planted beans double crop beans you're going to have a lot of different kinds of insects present. You may have sub-threshold levels of these insect presence. The president's going to be very difficult for you to make treatment decisions sometimes with these low levels present but having many different species and I will close with that I hope you enjoyed the presentation and we'll be back again soon.


Did you know that Namibia actually shares a border with Angola? We are currently walking at the No Man's Land. So this is the border that separates Angola and Namibia, man. It's beautiful, man. For me, walking inside No Man's Land with no passport, I love to build a house here because this is not for anybody. Can I please walk to the No Man's Land? Yeah, there you go. Yeah. Yeah, you don't need a passport. You don't need a passport to be here. So like, I was told that Angola shares a border with Namibia, so that's why we decided to come and check it out since we came to the North. So currently where we are standing right now is No Man's Land. So yeah, we are neither in Angola, neither are we in Namibia. So yeah, I think I can build the house in the end so that I can build the house. Is it allowed to build the house here? I hope it's allowed. Ask him, ask him. Is it allowed to build the house here? I can sleep here without any...  That's the privilege of being a citizen of my village. Of my village is that you can walk from Namibia over to Angola without a passport, visa and the police will not arrest you. How? Must I show you? You have to. I really want to walk. That would be in Guinness Book of Records. Okay, so... Who walked from Namibia to Angola with that passport and a visa? I really want to do that. Okay. So currently guys, we are on the Namibian side. You can see, right? The whole of this area is Namibian. All of this area is Namibian. All of this area is Namibian. We are going to walk now and cross the border without your passport or visa. No one will ask you for it. No one is going to arrest you. Again, a privilege of being a resident of my village. Let's go. We are going to Angola now. This is us crossing over to Angola. Hi. This is us. So if you stand, can you see this road? That road divides Angola and Namibia. This road? Yes, that is the border. This border goes all the way to Oshikango. All the way to Oshikango. It goes further. Yeah. Runda is the side. Yes, Rundu is the side. Rundu. Yes. So this divides Angola and Namibia. We are... Right. No man's land. No man's land. Namibian police can't do anything. Angolan police can't do anything to you. Here. Here. Nothing. I can build the house here. The piece is too small. The piece is too small. Yes. So if you build the house here, I think they will consider you like you are weak. They can't consider me as a son of Bushman. Because the house that I live in there is too small. You don't have to farm. If you wake up, that's okay. No, I don't need it. I'll buy it. This is a serious Bushman living lifestyle. So we are going to cross over to Angola. Now we have crossed. You have walked. Right now, this is Angola. This is Angola. If anything happens right now, the Angolan government needs to deal with you. This is within the Angolan jurisdiction. Really? Yes. You're not recording. So we can go. So people living here are living in Angola? People living here are living in Angola. Are they Angolan? Most of them have Namibian citizenship. But they just live on this side. And I think because this is a colonial demarcation. It's a colonial border. Because most of the people I think you can go again 50 kilometers in. You just find Namibians that are speaking. You won't find Angolans. So they say that the people of Angola and Namibia were literally the same people. Yes. They were just divided by the colonial borders. Yes. So most of the Quanyama people are from Angola. My people. It's just the border that divided. And we had a king, King Mandume. He killed himself because he didn't want to be killed by the colonizers. So his grave is feathered into Angola, Kihole. And that's believed to be the actual border of Angola and Namibia. But then because of colonialism, they put up this border. So on this border they used to have like, almost like cameras. So if you cross the border, the border, the South African army can see you and they can kill you along this border. Whoa. Yeah. That's how they ruled. But then they couldn't go feathered into Angola because then the Portuguese colonized Angola. So it was a different enemy that they are fighting. So this was for South Africans? Yes. And this one was for Portuguese? Yes. And that is how the Angolians also speak Portuguese today. But what about... Dad. Do you speak Portuguese? Um pouco. But he speaks Portuguese? He speaks Portuguese? Yeah. Hi. Homostage. Homostage. Tutube. Obrigado. Obrigado. Yes. What's your name? My name is Maya from Ghana. Yeah. You know Ghana? My name is Simone from where? Angola. Where are you from? Where are you from? Angola or Namibia? Where are you from? Namibia. Namibia. But you are in Angola now? Yeah. It's crosses. Crosses. So you cross to Angola? Yeah. Where's your passport? Where's your passport? Your passport? No. No passport. The passport is... The boat. Yeah. You don't need passport. The boat. Yeah. You don't need passport to cross here. You don't need passport to cross here. Yeah. No. So he doesn't... Tara. Mm-hmm. Iimona. Mm-hmm. The saying is we head our kettle in Angola. And the Angolan people can also come to Namibia and buy stuff in Namibia. Wow. Yeah. I want to know, yeah? Mm-hmm. If you are living... You are living here? Yes. If you had one thing to change about this, what will you change? Honestly, there's a lot of things I would change, but what I would change is access to health facilities. There is no health facilities on this side. If you have to go to a clinic, you either get onto a donkey. A lot of people actually die between this forest going to the clinic, because it's so far. So if I were to change anything, really, is access to health facilities. Even if it's just a mobile clinic, I've been mobilizing a couple of people to get a mobile clinic. I haven't gotten much of it. But hopefully, that is really what I would want to get. Is this something that you really want to do? Yes, that's something that I really want to do, because it's not only my village. The Angolan people also come for the clinic. How much do you think it will cost to go there? We probably need maybe 100,000 Namibian dollars. Just a small clinic, a mobile clinic, where people can just come and get maybe immunization, where the health workers can just come and stand. Can I do that? Would you like to do that? You want me to do it? Yes, please! Oh my God, really? Yep. Can I do that? Think. I'll go and show you the place. Just tell me and then... Yes, please do that. Wow, guys. When you finish it, I won't be here, but when you finish it, make sure you do a video and let us know that you did it. Oh, wow. Please. Oh, wow, guys. What did I do? Let me do that. Wow. Oh my God. I have to clean it. Oh, no. I have to clean it. I have to clean it. Yeah! I have to clean it. I have to clean it. I have to clean it. I have to clean it. I have to clean it. Yes. Yes, all these people here. Namibian citizenship. All of them. In Angola right now. Yes. Do you guys have the curfew? In Angola, we don't have curfew. Namibian has curfew. So, as soon as curfew hits, and we are not done with life, we just cross over, we switch on our car lights, and life continues. I'm going to pack this car. Yes.  We can't enter. Yeah. With the car, because if the police patrol, then they want a permit for the car. So, they pack that side, then they cross over. Can you see? People like this, so we are just showing, he's very grateful for the hospital. You know, he won't have to walk, thank you so much. And, wow, I'm actually overwhelmed. But make sure, let us see the process, how it is going to be happening. Definitely. All right. Maybe you can spend a month, you finish. Yeah. Then you just let us know. I would definitely do that. I would definitely do that. In Angola now. To land in Angola, let us know. So, my cousin just informed me, that we now get water from Angola. We don't need to go back to Namibia. We just get water from Angola here. Cross? Cross. Yeah. That would be awesome. Yeah. That would be awesome. Yeah. It's so funny. We're actually on the same land, and you're telling us that we are in Angola, we are in Angola. This is what colonization did to Africa. And someday, I wish this borders would be close, so that all of us can move freely from one country to another. It's so difficult to travel in Africa as an African. Extremely difficult. Like, I've been to 22 African countries, and sometimes you get arrested, you get deported. Really? Just because you're coming from... Some of them even refuse to allow you to enter their country. It's crazy. Why would... As an African, especially, yeah. Even when I was coming to Namibia, I had my visa already. Yeah. But this lady was asking me like, so many stupid questions that I've never seen any immigration officer asking me, like, I couldn't even believe that, yo, as an African, where did you get all the money from? Like, how come you have so many visas?   Do whatever you wanna do. But... But if you finish giving my passport. Yeah. And they said, let me see your bank account. Really? They said, okay, you know what, if you don't... I said, you can't see my bank account. They said, oh, what about physical cash? Like, I have physical cash in my bank. I showed her, and then she looked at my face and was like, okay, it's okay. I got two visas from Namibia. Wow. The immigration officer canceled one because I had a meeting with her. I can't make it. So she should give me another one. She should give me another one. So, if the ambassador has given me another one... Why are you two... Elin, honestly shouldn't be that difficult to travel within Africa. It's difficult. It's the most difficult place I've ever traveled with Elin. I'm so sorry about your experience. Hi. Hi. What's your name? My name is Maya. What about you? My name is Naponikuwa. Naponikuwa? Are you Namibian or...? Namidia. Namidia. Namidia. Yes. But now, you have a ring. Actually... You cannot laugh. Hahaha. Haha. How you laugh? Haha. Haha. Haha. Haha. Hahaha. Hahaha. Hahaha. Yeah. Hahaha. I think you are wearing it. Looking for call words. Yeah. I don't know if you've been following the twins they say a bisexual couple that got a surrogate in South Africa and the twins were then denied entry to Namibia one the fathers are Namibian I think one is South African one is Namibian and due to immigration laws this either a step or a policy or a law that was missed so they couldn't come home now many of my people along the border face the same problem they are Namibian we are born by Namibian parents but they can't get citizenship why because they can't prove that they are Namibian yes and honestly you are born imagine if you are born here there's no way you can be Angolan you are Angolan because of the land but you are Namibian so a lot of them don't have citizenship and I think the government is now trying to resolve us but it's taking forever so this man is one of them who is that the man with the yeah the crutches is one of them it doesn't have citizenship so now they are teasing him they are saying hey listen this boy are here to fight for rights and you are not listening and he's angry yeah so that's a immigration it's a problem but he's not a Namibian or Angolan yes but he's definitely Namibian we all know growing up we know he's Namibian yeah we finished we stopped by the cooker shops in Angola to just refresh a bit yeah we are we are currently in Angola yeah we are going to cross over to the well where we are going to get water Namibians don't have water so we have to get the water from Angolan we're so sorry Angolan we're going to borrow water from you all you know in Africa we say passport I don't have a visa yo it's time for you to pull the basket today so we are going to collect water now and we'll just show you guys that process yeah you must be careful don't fall in the well I told you there's no health facilities yeah to take us forever to get to a clinic then you take the basket yeah then you take the water you pour in the basket which one do I take yeah take that one oh okay oh okay you are serious village boy okay so he has taken his on the shoulder you take to the car if you get tired just shout carry the baskets on the head like this with water I've mastered the art of carrying without holding my hands and yeah until home when there's no car you carry and so that is how you carry water from Angola to Namibia without a passport the Angolan resident said please go ahead what is yours is mine in Africa we share and along the border we truly share because our animals graze on Angola side and we live on the Namibian side yeah someday I hope Namibia and Angola will embrace each other as one country maybe how do you call it Angola oh yeah Angola no Angola in Namibia but Angola that's our new name Angola yeah


Good morning sir. Good morning sir. Thank you sir. Dhruva. Sir. Dhruva is from Tikhamgarh. Sir my father was from Tikhamgarh. I was born in Chhatarpur. Chhatarpur. Yes sir. How far is Chhatrapur from Tikhamgarh? Sir both are in Bundelkhand region around 150 kilometers. Okay. Yes. Okay. What are the challenges in Bundelkhand region? Sir the critical thing is sir there is environmental, ecological integrated area. Second would be sir environmentally also pause area. And sir third is sir there is a exodus of the people. Why? Because of sir lack of economic activities. The critical factor would be the water sir. So major challenge is water? Yes sir. What governments have been doing for that? Sir first is that has been recently in the news. Kane-Bithwa link project has been there. And second sir a small farm pond project is also going on very successfully over there sir. So apart from that sir even the society and the farmers are adapted to different form of agriculture and change their crops. Because agriculture has been the mainstay of that region's economics. And I think big infrastructure something is also being done. Yes sir. Kane-Bithwa link so one canal. Not other than link. Some Bundelkhand expressway. Yes sir. That expressway is being developed. Sir already developed and it is active right now sir. So it has connected till Jhansi. And the other routes are getting developed sir. Okay. What are your views on Kane-Bithwa river linking? You should be there. You being going to be a forest officer. Sir there are two aspects sir. First if we see from the whole region's point of view sir water has been a critical factor there. So sir water is required else sir the region would go into more of exodas would be there. And so this has been the case since long. I think since 1997 I have been seeing that. And sir second would be sir if we talk about the second constraint. That is the core area is getting submerged due to the formation of the dam. Which core area? Sir of Panna National Park sir. So sir regarding that sir we have to compensate it through compensatory afforestation. And sir getting the other regions. But can you compensate it through compensatory afforestation that those natural forest core area tiger habitat. Can you compensate? Sir to say it honestly sir it would take a long time sir. Long time how much? 10 years, 20 years, 50 years, 100 years. Sir if we see the main species there sir. Then that would be teak and other plants such as Enogizis pendula. So they take around for 80 years in natural forest. Okay your father is Ayur's officer. Yes sir. He is in Ayurveda or? Sir he was Ayurvedic doctor sir. This government have created two commissions. You know something about that? Two national commissions. Sir recently there was a law regarding. Sorry sir I am unaware right now. National Commission on Indian Gesture Medicine. And another one is there. Sir homopathy. Sir homopathy I cannot recall sir. This one I knew sir. Okay next month some very important elections are going to be held. Any idea? Sir in Madhya Pradesh or sir in Madhya Pradesh it is Panchayatira's election that are going to be held. At the national level two very important elections are going to be held. Sir I cannot recall as of this moment sir. Elections are the post of resident and? Okay sir. Sir president sir I cannot. And another one? Sir I believe that would be vice president. And vice president. Okay. Core infrastructure sectors. Can you tell me names of five six core infrastructure sectors? Sir I am unable to recall exact but if you would give me a moment then I can. Sir that would be power refinery and sir power refinery and sir electric. Okay.  Sir. Sir if permitted sir then I would like to make it I would like to take the raw materials from that region only. And design it in such a way that the material cannot be exported from somewhere else. So that it is zero sum for that particular area no other construction material. Second would be sir groundwater harvesting and rainwater harvesting would be there. Third would be sir in order to make it a greener building. I would also like to ensure that there is certain reflective paints on the roof so that the temperature remains low. And sir I would also like to minimize the area of the construction so that the other maximum area can be dedicated to some sort of. Okay but just tell me what else you can do one is moisture conservation water harvesting and all what else can be done. Sir development of a garden or a mini forest sir that would be another and water conservation soil. Composting, biogas plants. Sir yes sir that can all that will be done sir composting can be done. Okay majoritarian culture you heard of majoritarian culture pluralistic society. Yes sir. Culture which is dominated by a single community and can be termed as the majoritarian culture. And a pluralistic society in which there are there are many culture which are cohabiting with each other. Okay some very sad incident happened in Madhya Pradesh relating to Madhya Pradesh yesterday or so. Studying the papers. Sorry sir I haven't. Sir I cannot. Some extent to place in some other state. Sir in Uttarakhand I remember sir. Okay Mr. Srivastava. Yes sir. So you have participated in evolution 08. Sir. What is that? Sir it was a technical cultural festival organized at my college and sir it was first time initiated by us. There was no culture there was no precedent prior to that sir. You almost mentioned there was no culture. Anyway now the issue here you are a mechanical engineering student. Sir. Are you aware of second law of thermodynamics? Yes sir. Sir it introduces us to the concept of entropy. What is entropy? Sir sir it can be said as the degree of disorderness in a system sir. It is one way process can it be reversed? Sir in universe it cannot be reversed but if we take a particular system with a fixed boundary it can be reversed. So it means that in nature it cannot be. Yes sir. That's what it means. Yes sir. Sorry about this. The one of the common reference by the evolutionists. Those who believe that human beings were created what we call creationist is that the second law of thermodynamics that is entropy is contradicting the whole idea of evolution. Because if you look at evolution it is refining. Yes sir. Whereas entropy says that it cannot refine it has to disorder. So this is the one important point which is taken by the creationists saying that God has created. How do you handle this question? Do you agree with it? Sir when we take as a system sir as I told you that in the system the entropy can be even reversed. And if we take it system and universe the entropy will going to increase. So sir if we take a particular species as a system then it will try to minimize the efforts taken by itself to perform a certain task. So in that sense sir evolution does not contradict with the entropy but it decreases entropy in a system. The system will always disorder. Yes sir. So system given the free form it is going to create more disorder. But sir I think sir as a sir if we if a species makes an effort then it moves in a positive direction such as sir even we when we have to reorganize certain things. So we have to. Let me very clear it is like evolution saying that we evolve. Evolving means that we refine. Yes sir. As you correctly pointed out. Yes sir. Direct contradiction to entropy. Sir I think I have to look about that. You also mentioned that this is a national level. This evolution 08 is a national level techno cultural festival. Yes sir. Can technology have an impact on culture? Sir yes sir. Elaborate in the contemporary context. Sir right now if we see then sir technology has overtaken much part of our lives. Sir whether we are using the small gadgets to the ubiquitous mobile phone it has completely surrounded us. So if we compare our culture in a temporal scale to the culture of our previous generation there is going the difference is going to be very obvious sir. That we are very much the more the technology we are getting surrounded with the more we are getting dependent on it. There is a issue of fake news misinformation disinformation. So how do we handle this because it is becoming a serious pernicious problem because it is also threatening the democratic. Sir you are right sir. Sir in this regard sir previously we did not know when this social media boom came that how to handle it. But sir now we understand that it is us as a person or as a society that we are not giving a critical thought to how to about the source of the news. So sir in many districts or many states they even in the Google sir if you will see that there is a column for the fake news that they are regularly discussing and they are telling us how it is treated as a fake news. So and also sir even the social media is used to tackle this fake news menace by making groups at panchayat level or at a certain official level so that the correct information can be disseminated. No if you are saying government as an authority as a source for news then that is such a problem. Sorry sir I did not mean to say that I wanted to say that in a society sir the people who are responsible people who feel that it is their responsibility. I think if even if I am at a position that where I can provide the correct knowledge then I must also do it to the people who are connected to me. Well we can all do it but at the end of the day what we see around is that the fake news is getting more credit. As a policy making let us look at a person who is looking at the holistic nature of the issue what should we do. Sir we should disseminate the correct information in as widely as possible along with the rationale so that the false information cannot be given the required credibility. Sir the same pattern. How do we do that? Sir the same way fake news is spreading sir through the social media through discussions through whatsapp messages or the groups. Do you see it as a technological problem or as an educational problem? Sir I see it more as an educational problem sir because if we are critical in analyzing the news then fake news will have no credit. So what should we do on that? Sir in education also sir right from the middle school we can introduce how to critically analyze or disseminate any information so that in the future the same generation can. Alright I got it. Yes now it is also a technological problem. In fact in recently US has come out with a law where it is asking for algorithmic transparency. Are you aware of this? Sir yes sir I am aware of this. What do you know? Sir companies are using such as Facebook in particular was using certain algorithm so that they can increase the traffic and it was seen that if fake news or the. No you are giving a background what do you know about this particular law? Sir it is a law sorry sir I was not aware about the law I was aware about the concept and the associated.  Why should I waste my time reading fiction? Sir there are many aspects of fiction sir. Sir first sir at times there is a fiction which is very close to reality they use certain parts of reality such as if we talk about the Frederick Fawcett or Dan Brown. They use the part of reality and then they use their imaginations to construe a new picture. Second is sir when we want to see a imaginative word or utopian word where the solutions can come from sir because from imaginations also at times solutions come. So in that sense also sir fiction helps. It makes you a matured person. Sir. Last question here let's talk about since you are a mechanical engineering student let's talk about air quality index. What are the parameters on which it is measured and are you satisfied with all these parameters do you want any new parameters to be included? So air quality index is measured on I think eight parameters that would be sir carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, particulate matter 2.5, particulate matter 10. All right. And do you think anything new should be included? Sir yes sir in certain indexes sir NH3 is not there and also CH4 is not there. Sir as a ammonia is one of the major pollutants in the indogangetic plane. Okay right now sorry but there is an issue of carbon dioxide. Sir. US has recently included carbon dioxide as part of air pollution whereas in India we don't have carbon dioxide as air pollutant. So do you think we should include carbon dioxide as air pollutant? You talk about methane to be included. Yes sir. That's a different issue because it's a lot of organic matter which emits CH4. Sir I have to think about sir. Why it is not taken as a pollutant? Sir because sir I am not aware about that sir. Okay Dhruv you are from Madhya Pradesh. Yes sir. Such a beautiful state. But it's a sleeping giant. It's not like Uttar Pradesh or something every day something is coming in the news. Why sleeping? Sir I have to disagree sir we are moving ahead sir. And sir we have been very productive in the agriculture. Regarding the wildlife sir we have been the tiger state, leopard state, gharial state and vulture state. Sir apart from that sir. Sir going to be the cheetah state also sir. And sir apart from the largest forest cover if we look at the culture. The culture is also if we talk about the Ujjain and several other cities such as Orcha. Then there is also cultural heritage. And sir in other parameters such as Suksh Bharat Abhiyar. Sir Indore and Bhopal has been at the forefront. Regarding the sir economic activities with reference to industries. Sir we are we want to catch up more. Because there are only 3 to 4 areas which are very much industrialized such as Indore and Bhopal. So on the same line sir the region of Gwalior and the eastern Madhya Pradesh near Jaipalpur also needs to be developed. So eventually sir we will get there sir. Good. What are the forest types you would get in Madhya Pradesh? Sir the major sir it has a very diverse forest type. So on the eastern side or the south eastern side you will find the moist deciduous forest. Progressively transitioning to mixed deciduous forest. As we move towards north and west part. Sir it will be dry deciduous and gradually progressing to thorny and scrub sir. As we move towards the region of Gwalior and the western part. Please tell 5 important tree species naturally occurring in Madhya Pradesh. Sir first would be Shoriar Obasta. Second would be Tectonagrandes. Third would be Terminalia Tumentosa. Then sir also other Terminalia Cibula, Terminalia Bellarica. And Egil Mermelos, Sir Madhuka Indica. These are the few species. And sir also sir Esterculia orens from Google, from which Google and the government made. You mentioned about the Chita Translocation. From which country it is coming? Sir it is coming from Namibia sir. Namibia. Yes sir. Where it will be placed? Sir it will be placed in Kunopalpur's National Park sir. Okay. In your opinion this is the right step to take. Because already Chita was extinct 100 years ago. And it is experiment. Sir. I want to know what is the logic behind it. Spending so much money. Instead it should have been used for the development of the villages and all these things. Sir if we talk about the Kunopalpur. Sir it is very much ready or I should say it is an ideal location for the animal like Chita. Sir the problem with Chita or the concern. But it was earlier thought that it is the second home of lion. But it was a failure that lion was not given by the time with the Gujarat. Yes sir. Despite the fact that Supreme Court has given its ruling also. Yes sir. So now we have experimented with the Chita. They said next time some other species. I want to know why this fluid concept of this thing. Sir. The scientists are not firm or the forest officers are not firm about their logic. Sir if between the lion and Chita if we talk about both are grassland species. And biologically they both are suitable there. And second is Chita got extinct in 1947 I think sir. And after that there was no Chita in India. So through this there will be increase in the biodiversity. Also sir that area using Chita as a umbrella species whole ecosystem can be developed and protected. So not only that will increase the biodiversity but also sir ecotourism in that area. So eventually the people adjacent to that area will have one more source of income. And sir the only concern that lies is that it is an African Chita not an Asian one. So we have to watch it carefully this experiment. Okay. Recently soil has got importance. Everybody is talking about the soil. Why? It was in news also. Sir it was due to sir one of the eminent person that is Satguru. And he started the safe soil movement. Sir there is a fact that India loses is the largest looser of surface soil in the world sir. And soil is the basic substrate which provides the greenery and the plants which in turn gives the whole ecosystem. Also sir if we conserve the soil and maintain its balance then soil organic carbon is the biggest component through which the carbon sequestration can be done. What is the organic content of Indian soil? Data has been already published. Sorry sir I am not aware of it sir. Okay. What is the what did you take about COP26?  Sir I would say sir it was taken has taken incremental steps sir. We have come on the same we are trying to come on the same page but there are still certain decisions that are yet to be taken such as the funding. What would be the funding issue and how we can be counting the amount of carbon that is being means our how will be determining our INDCs. What do you understand by the panchamrith? Prime Minister required this word. Sir yes sir I cannot recall at this moment sir. At least one five panchamrith five very important. Yes sir. The Prime Minister told there nobody was knowing it. What was that? Sir sir sir I just cannot recall it means sir I cannot recall right now. Are you working somewhere right now? Sir I am working in Indian Ordnance Factory Services sir. Okay. So why you want to switch the jobs you are already working? Why you want to move to forest services? Sir sir there are many reasons but sir the primary reason why I am sir I am already in a comfortable position sir. But sir I sir I love the these aspects of forest and I have been associated since my childhood sir. I belong I was brought up in Chadol with where I have seen the sir interplay of forest where the lush green forest wildlife and tribal from the up close area.  They have provided me a view which I could through which I could appreciate more about it sir. And sir every aspect of this service sir is very dear to me and I sir I just love the things that it is going to provide me. And given any day sir I would like to switch from machines to the lap of nature sir. Got it. Can you tell me the hierarchy which is there in the forest services? Sir initially sir as a probation post it is the assistant conservator of forest then deputy conservator of forest. Then sir we move to conservator of forest then sir chief conservator of forest then additional principal chief conservator of forest principal conservator of forest. And sir then I think sir head of the forest in state sir. So there is no other levels in the forest department? Sir DG forest? DG forest sir in the center yes sir. No other levels? Sir there is sir I was sir there is also chief wildlife border at the state level. No no below. Sir below there is sir below here sir. Sir below ACF sir there is a range forest officer.


Hey guys Today my job is to tell you about the Vitamix spring sale of Mother's Day sale But I don't want to do it and it said I'm gonna riff on things that I am grateful for things that I can show you Hopefully that I can show you I'm grateful for my work I Get to give the gift of health where I can hear our boys Fighting and screaming. I'm grateful for those very sweet little moments When they just And melt your heart. I'm grateful for my health. I'm grateful that I don't have a sore throat I didn't have a sore throat before but sometimes thinking about what it feels like to have a sore throat Grateful for my parents health. My dad had to have his gallbladder removed recently grateful for that modern medicine and His openness to get some vegetables in his diet.  I Am excited about this cookbook the Vitamix 100th anniversary cookbook flip through it And there are so many recipes that I'm excited to make most of them are whole-food plant-based and it's crowdsour So it's everyone's top recipes, but I'm grateful for the relationship that that we have that Shalva and I have with the folks at Vitamix with from all the way the top Jody to all the way down to You know the customer service folks the guys everyone I'm grateful that so many people have taken a shot with our recipes and try them including well, especially our creamy wild rice soup Which is featured in this book I'm grateful for all of the kind words that we get with from comments here emails Tax messages phone calls. They are what keep us going and the support and the love that people can show us in 2021 without having a brick-and-mortar store I'm grateful for my That I get the benefit of the doubt most of the time Things are pretty crazy in Minneapolis right now I'm grateful for that vaccine Wow Wow I'm grateful for my wife and uh mother of nine children and partner in this in this little business Shalva's Is everything To me guys. I'm grateful for this moment The ability to realize that this moment is all that really matters


Man gives four bedroom house away for free, but there's one catch. Louisa stands frozen in her tracks. She looks around at her new home and feels sick to her stomach.  She looks at the faded red stain on the floor, and a shiver runs up her spine. Then suddenly, she sees something in the corner of the room and gasps out in horror, she couldn't believe what she was seeing. It was at that moment then, that Louisa realized just why this house was free. She knew there was no coming back from this. When Louisa Johnson moved to a small town just south of Louisiana with her three-year-old daughter, she was hoping for a fresh start. It was just what they needed. So when she came across the most perfect house for her, and her daughter to start the new chapter in their lives, she was over the moon. But there was just one catch. And when Louisa found out what it was, she realized she'd made a huge mistake. After fleeing from her husband one cold dark night, Louisa, armed with a packed suitcase, and her daughter in a buggy, jumped into their car and drove to a town 200 miles away. With her daughter fast asleep, Louisa pulled up to her new town, and straight away she felt like things could only get better. But she was so wrong. Louisa and her daughter were stopping with a friend while Louisa looked for a job and for somewhere to live. A few weeks in, and she managed to get a job at the local diner. Next on her list? To find the most perfect home for her and her daughter. But Louisa had no idea what was in store for her. It was a struggle at first to find a suitable house.  Louisa wasn't asking for much, just a simple, two-bedroomed house with a backyard. But a mysterious stranger was about to come into Louisa's life and help her out. Or so she thought. Louisa was stood looking at houses for sale outside the town's estate agency.  She let out a sigh of frustration. She didn't want to keep living at her friend's house. Her daughter needed stability, she needed a home. And none of these were that. Then suddenly, Louisa felt a tap on her back. Louisa turned around and saw that the tap came from an old woman. Her face was more wrinkled than a summer shirt blowing in the wind, and her hair was wispy, the color of snow. Can I help? Louisa asked, an uneasy feeling shivering up her spine. You're looking for a house, she replied. Louisa slowly nodded, and the woman smiled, showing the few teeth she had. She handed Louisa a piece of paper before walking away. What was on the paper? Quickly, Louisa opened the piece of paper, and to her surprise, she saw a picture of a gorgeous detached house. Then she saw how much this house was going for, $0. This house was free, but why?  But Louisa would soon learn this house was far from perfect. Underneath the picture was a cell phone number, and for a brief moment, Louisa debated what to do. Was there a reason this house wasn't at the estate agency? Should she even take advice from a complete stranger? She dismissed her thoughts and got out her cell phone. She dialed the number, feeling both excited and nervous. But little did Louisa know she was going to regret calling this number. After nearly a minute of waiting, finally, the number picked up and Louisa heard hello in her ear. Louisa quickly introduced herself and explained that she was interested in the house she had seen. The seller, called Mikey was over the moon to hear Louisa's interest in the house. He insisted she come over straight away, and Louisa agreed. She had nothing to lose. But she was soon going to realize she did. Louisa drove to the address of the house, and already she could feel butterflies in her stomach. The drive was quite long, this house was further out than she had hoped, but she didn't care. She pulled up and Louisa was completely gobsmacked with how huge the house was in real life. Louisa was already sold. What could be wrong with this? She quietly muttered to herself. But Louisa was soon going to find out. As Louisa pulled and she could see a man was stood at the front of the house.  You must be Louisa, I'm Mikey, the man said. The two introduced each other, and Mikey swiftly kicked off the tour of the house. Louisa set foot inside her potential new home, not knowing what was coming to her. Walking around the house, Louisa reveled in the excitement. She could already picture her daughter playing in the backyard, and herself baking cookies in the stunning Victorian kitchen. Accompanied by Mikey, Louisa could tell he was enjoying her excitement and optimism for this house. Maybe he was just happy for her. But Louisa had no idea what Mikey's hidden agenda was. The house needed some work, but nothing too drastic. A few coats of paint and a tidy up. Louisa saw a dark red stain on the living room floor, but that was nothing a bottle of bleach couldn't fix. After seeing every area of the house, Louisa was confident she was making the right decision. But little did she know she was making a huge mistake. Mikey completed his tour of the house, and then started to explain to Louisa about its history. This house was his grandmother's, and unfortunately, she passed away a few years ago. Louisa was sad to hear that. She had lost her grandfather a few years ago, so she could sympathize with Mikey. The two then went into the living room to discuss the house over coffee. But she had no idea what was coming. Sitting in the living room amongst the gorgeous furniture and spacious rooms, Louisa had a feeling this house was too good to be true. Why would a house like this be given away for free? It sounded absurd there had to be some sort of catch. And Louisa was right. There was a catch. And when she found out what it was she was left feeling sick to her stomach. As Louisa and Mikey sipped on their coffees, Mikey said, Oh I forgot to ask, how did you find out about this house? As Louisa placed her coffee on the crystal table in front of her, she replied, An old woman showed it to me in town. As soon as Louisa said that, she saw Mikey's face go as white as a ghost. As if he had just heard something truly terrifying. Confused, Louisa asked what was wrong. But then suddenly, she saw something in the corner of the room. It was a picture hung up on the wall, a portrait of an old woman. It was Mikey's grandmother. Mikey's dead grandmother. It was the same old woman who showed Louisa this house a few hours ago. Louisa sat frozen in her tracks and a terrible feeling hit the pit of her stomach. Your grandmother, Louisa said, her voice trembling, she's the old woman who showed me the house this morning. Mikey's mouth dropped open and he put his hands over his face. Louisa didn't know what to do.  But she also wanted answers. Mikey, what's going on? She asked. Mikey looked at her and started to reveal the truth. You see, the reason that this house was free was due to the fact that many people have claimed it's haunted. Many people have said the ghost to Mikey's grandmother, Adele, haunts the halls. Mikey himself had never seen anything unordinary, but he also made sure to stay far away from this house as he could. What about Louisa? Knowing all of this, was this house still the house of her dreams? When Louisa heard the truth, she decided to not go ahead with living there. Normally, she didn't believe in the paranormal, but after the encounter with the old woman, A.K.A Adele, she felt different. Instead, she managed to find a smaller two-bedroomed house. But Louisa didn't mind. After all, wouldn't you rather have one less bedroom than a ghost lodger?