Good morning. I am Maureen Menongu-Izigwe and this is News Brief. President Bola Tinobu says Nigeria is ready for business, urging foreign investors to take advantage of the opportunities and ongoing reforms in the country. The president told investors in Paris, France that ongoing reforms including the removal of fuel subsidy and unification of exchange rate will be sustained for a more competitive economy that attracts foreign direct investment. Tinobu assure the delegation of African bank executives that the federal government will continue to stimulate the economy with policies that support investments in areas of Nigeria's competitive advantage, particularly agriculture. Nigeria is now the focus globally of inventors, corporate financial institutions all over the world and now very excited about Nigeria specifically about the fast-paced dynamic progressive policies, economic policies of President Bola Menongu in the last three weeks and in Paris here a lot of them have been showing interest even those who existed Nigeria. Now I encourage to come back to Nigeria and the essence of this meeting, why the president is attending, is to network extensively with developed societies, donor agencies, financial institutions and foreign investors with a view to inviting and really encouraging direct foreign investment back into Nigeria and the encouragement has been really great. The enthusiasm of these corporate institutions and financial institutions on Nigeria and particularly on Nigeria's recent economic policies have been very, very tremendous.


Hey everyone, Joanne from Art Resin here. So by itself, Art Resin is a crystal clear coating used to enhance photos, paintings, wood, puzzles, prints, you get the idea. But you can use it for so much more than just clear coating artwork. In fact, Art Resin looks beautiful when it's tinted. And you can use tinted resin to create flow art, ocean art, geodart, petri dish art, jewelry, and so many other things. You can use a variety of colorants to tint epoxy resin, but each one has advantages and disadvantages you'll want to be aware of. Today we're going to go through the most commonly used resin colorants and what you need to know about each one. We're also going to give you a few guidelines that apply to all colorants and of course plenty of tips along the way. Let's get started. Now before we dive into each colorant, it's important to note that whenever you're adding anything into the Art Resin formula, we always advise doing a sample test first.  It's also important to note that typically a small amount of colorant goes a long way. It's best to start with less and add more as needed. It's a good idea to use a highly pigmented colorant so you don't have to use as much.  Keep in mind that no matter which colorant you use, never add more than 6% of the total combined volume of resin and hardener. So if you have 50 mil of resin and 50 mil of hardener for a total of 100 mil, don't add more than 6 mil of colorant. If you add more than this, the Art Resin may not cure properly. It's also important to measure and mix your resin and hardener first, then add your colorant and mix it well to ensure it's thoroughly blended. If you add the colorant to the resin or the hardener on its own, it may throw off that one-to-one mixing ratio. Finally, certain colorants can alter Art Resin's non-toxicity, non-flammability, and food safety designations. So if you're unsure, apply a layer of clear, non-tinted Art Resin as a final top coat. So now that we've got through all of this, let's get to the fun part, the colorants. So first, let's talk about tints that were designed specifically as resin colorants. Art Resin's resin colorant is called Resin Tint. It mixes seamlessly in with Art Resin, preservates glossiness, and because it's so highly pigmented, a little goes a long way. Resin Tint is both non-toxic and non-flammable, so it won't compromise Art Resin's non-toxicity and non-flammability. Keep in mind that Resin Tint was designed specifically to be used with epoxy resin. So it can't be used on its own, and when you mix it into the resin, you want to blend it really well to make sure the two are properly emulsified. Now let's talk about alcohol ink. Alcohol ink is a super popular addition to resin. The colors are rich and deep, and in fact, alcohol ink is the only colorant that will create Petri dish art. Now, as you may know, alcohol actually breaks down resin, which is one of the reasons why it's so effective at cleaning off sticky resin tools. In Petri dish art, the alcohol in the ink breaks down the resin as the drops move their way through, creating those cool tendrils and squiggles that Petri dish art is known for. So apart from creating Petri dish art, is it possible to use alcohol ink simply to tint resin? Yes, it is, but it's important to remember a couple of things. First, alcohol is flammable, so while art resin on its own in its liquid state is non-flammable, this isn't the case once you add alcohol ink to it. For that reason, never use a flame torch on resin that contains alcohol ink. Next, alcohol is also a solvent, so adding alcohol ink to art resin will compromise art resin's non-toxicity. Next, let's talk about acrylic paint, which is one of the most commonly used colorants to tint epoxy resin. On the plus side, acrylic paint is inexpensive, it's readily available, and it comes in so many different color options. On the other hand, acrylic paint typically dries with a matte finish, which can look dull and take away from art resin's glossiness. Acrylic paint is water-based, so if you use too much, it can prevent the resin from curing properly. Make sure you use high-quality, high-pigmented acrylic paint so you don't have to use much. Last, some acrylic paint can react with resin causing it to get clumpy, so whenever you're adding anything to art resin, always test first to make sure the products are compatible and the resin cures as expected. Next, powder pigment and mica powder are really popular resin colorants, especially for geodart. You need to mix it in thoroughly or the powder won't dissolve, and you may end up with a grainy texture to your resin. The metallics provide a rich, luxurious, pearlescent effect, but the metallic pigments can sink to the bottom, and you could lose that beautiful, swirled look. If you want to keep the swirls, try pouring your metallics last on top of a cured layer of resin. Glitter is a really popular addition to resin. Now, it doesn't tint the resin per se, but it certainly adds a colorful effect. Glitter is available in a wide variety of colors and sizes, but just be aware that larger glitter is often heavier and can sink down to the bottom of the resin. So those are the most popular colorants, but over the years, we've seen lots of different materials added to art resin, including ground up chalk, pressed powder makeup like eyeshadow, food coloring, and spices like turmeric and paprika. Now, typically, pressed powder makeup has binding agents to help hold it together. This can make it difficult for the makeup to dissolve, and it ends up not mixing in properly and leaving specks throughout the resin. Loose makeup powder will give a better result, but these can be costly. You're really better off using mica powder. Ground up chalk or spices are just not fine enough. They don't dissolve well and can give a grainy result. Food coloring may give a good result initially, but it's not pigment-based, so the color will fade very quickly. We've also seen various materials used to tint resin which we don't recommend at all. One of them is oil paint. It just doesn't blend well, leaving clumps that won't mix into the resin, and you'll end up with a stringy mess on your hands. Once cured, there are large specks and even divots of oily residue. Watercolor paint doesn't mix in well with resin either, leaving specks throughout and divots on the surface. Latex paint is another one we don't recommend. It's water-based and very fluid and can cause a weird cure and a dull finish. We don't recommend anything solvent-based like nail polish or spray paint. Most importantly, it's flammable, but it also gives a poor result, leaving you with specks in the cured resin. For the best results, we recommend using a highly pigmented colorant designed specifically for use with resin. Here's a quick tip if you're using tinted resin to create ocean art or flow art. Mix your resin, portion it out into cups and add your colorant, then let the resin sit for 15 minutes or so to thicken up a bit. Many artists like using this method because it gives you more control over the flow and prevents the colors from blending together and becoming muddy. This method also works well for Petri dish art. Pour your resin into your coaster molds and let it sit for 20 minutes or so before you drop in your alcohol ink. Because the resin will have thickened up a bit, you'll find the ink won't spread as easily, giving you far more control and even allowing you to create negative space. So next time you're making flow art, ocean art or Petri dish art, try this method out and see what a difference it makes in your artwork. So to recap, there are lots of colorants available but no matter which one you use, there are a few important things to remember. Always do a sample test so you know exactly what to expect and to make sure that the resin and the colorant are compatible. Always add less colorant than you think you need. You can always add more. Observe the 6% rule and finally be aware that certain colorants can alter art resins non-toxicity and non-flammability. So there you have it. I hope you found this information helpful. If there are any colorants you want to add, please leave them in the comments below. Don't forget to hit subscribe and we will see you next time. Bye.


Yeah, okay. Okay, if you can start out by just introducing yourself to us and, you know, where you come from or who you work with. Hi, nice to meet you. I'm David Kernahan. I work for JISC in the UK. I'm also an independent, I suppose, analyst on higher education. I write on a couple of blog news sites, including my own blog site, Follows of the Apocalypse. I've had a long-standing interest in open education and I do like to take a critical perspective of where I can. So we'd like to ask you, why does open matter for students, faculty and institutions? Okay, I think open matters much more widely than that. I think open matters for everybody that uses the internet and or wants to access information. Ever since the beginning of time, information has always been a scarce good. It's been privileged. You have to ask for access. You have to be granted access and you have to be deemed worthy of access in order to find out information about the way in which the world works around us. I suppose openness came from the spirit of scientific inquiry initially. I mean, science just works much better when things are open. So there has always been calls for people to write academic papers and to share all the details of their experiment, to share their data, to mean that other people can verify the experiment. I'm in this with an argument that while society in the UK were having back in the 1700s, so this is all old stuff that the more access we have to information and to the conditions around information, the more we can verify information. As the internet developed, I mean it's a perfect platform for replicating information. It makes the storage of millions of copies of a resource not much more difficult than storing one. It makes it possible for millions of people to own their own copy of a resource at no cost. And unfortunately as the internet expanded, a lot of people tried to import all the business models onto the web, including in many cases institutions, including in many cases institutions. I mean I'm thinking about early web education products like old learn and fathom in which it was just another wire of buying access to a course or to published material. But the possibilities of the web for sharing have transcended this. That even where information is supposedly scarce, it's still accessible, it's still possible to get it. I mean you think of stuff like the ICANN has, a PDF hashtag where academics are sharing copies largely of their own papers to people that want to read them but can't or are unable to or don't wish to pay 60 pounds to Elsevier or Pearson in order to get access to them. You see the same thing happening in music, in film. Piracy tends to start where the business models of scarce content are just breaking down. And it's possible to see fixes for that. I mean services like say Spotify or Apple Music, they've actually cut piracy because they support access to multiple songs. They're still not open because we have the second big cultural chivalrous. It's the idea of people are paid for their work. They're paid for what they have done rather than because they're people or because of what they can do. And they need to be paid in order to live. I mean open I think is the first flowering of a much wider critical perspective that will probably lead to something terrifying like the end of waged work and a completely different way of organising society and opens on the vanguard of that. So for institutions, for academics, for students, you're supposed to be on the cutting edge of the cultural movements that are happening in society and I think open is a perfect example of that. I guess, I mean that was very large scale. Perhaps this is too near a question. I should open via default at universities. Why do you think so or why not? I think that open does need to be a default at universities. I think that the days of restricting access to information, I think they're finished. I think that apart from information linked to personal activities and privacy that there's no longer really a reason to pretend information is scarce actually when it's abundant. This however has to be coupled with a way of supporting academic staff a way of making sure that it's still possible to actually make a living or to exist as a human being whilst being an academic. How do you think we can engage our faculty, students and people at these institutions to be open to this kind of... There's a lot of theories of change around this and there are different answers depending on how cynical you are feeling. The worst one I think I've heard which I will repeat here as a quotation, not my actual view is that we just need to wait for them to die. The younger academics, they get this, they're growing up sharing stuff, they get the way this works and the older academics are more set in the patterns of old fashioned publication and of publication as an achievement as something that you should be proud that you've been published. Younger academics I think see publication as just something that you do. But as I say that is terribly cynical. I think that the benefits of open are starting to become more and more apparent in terms of practice that the questions come when openness appears to be affecting people's livelihoods people's practice, people's jobs, that the big barrier the open agenda has to overcome is not any facet of openness itself. It's the way it interacts with systems of prestige, power and money. So addressing those issues I think is key. And everyone likes a big audience if you want to share something. Isn't that a benefit? The audience has been shown in numerous studies after study after study if you release an academic research paper and it's openly licensed more people will read it, lots more in order of magnitude more will read it that makes you more likely to be cited, that makes you more likely to be invited to collaborations to conferences like OpenEd because people can read your stuff and they can see what you're doing. I mean I was invited to deliver a keynote at OpenEd in 2013 and I was hugely flattered to be asked. That's because of the material I was publishing myself openly on my personal blog it had nothing at all to do with the work I was paid to do it had everything to do with the work I was doing because I wanted it to do. And that I think personally that was a big changing point it's like okay this stuff I'm just doing because I'm interested in it because I like writing because I like to make sense of stuff because I like to share things. That's actually been much more beneficial to my personal career than a lot of the stuff that I've done as a paid policy officer or a program manager or anything like that. I mean that's not to say I've not done some amazing things in those roles and I've had amazing opportunities but in terms of what's actually shaped the way that I live my life it's been open publishing. And maybe lastly anything here that you've seen, learned about that really surprised you or sparked an interest? This is a weird conference this year. It's like it's two conferences that are superimposed. You've got a stream as a conference that's all about open textbooks it's all about demonstrating open texts are as good as paid for texts and that they can replace open texts and you can also link to that the agenda around analytics. But there's also been a really prominent critical strand of people looking critically as openness saying okay is openness and alloy good? Is it something that is just the best possible answer under every circumstances? Is it something that we've not actually properly critiqued? And I found that really excited. I mean I'm looking forward to Roland Mose presentation after lunch today. I loved Amy Collier's stuff this morning. That was absolutely fantastic. Paul Stacey on business models was really interesting as well. I mean he's just such an amazing person and he's really taken a critical look at open business models. I got a lot from that. So yeah it's been a really interesting conference. Lots of arguments I always liked that in the conference. I think a really good academic conference should have at least one session and you can sit in and think I completely disagree with everything in this session including basic underlying premise. And that's always a lovely experience so I'll add a couple of them too. Thank you so much for talking to us. No thank you very much. I hope that's useful or interesting.


Okay, it's a one o'clock block on a Monday, actually. And this is Think Tech Tech Talk, so we're going to talk about tech today. And let me just introduce the subject by saying, you know, we can't be complacent about the underlying tech that we benefit from in our lives. We rely on tech in so many ways. Our whole civilization, our global civilization relies on most of the information technology but other kinds too. And so once in a while we have to take a look at the companies that are involved in providing it, whether we realize we are, you know, benefiting by them or not. And this is one of those occasions. We have the Yanis, okay? We have Isabelle Yanni and Terry Yanni from Cisco Systems. Fabulous. God, they've been around for a long time and you guys have worked for them for a long time. So let me give you titles, okay? It's important to give you titles, okay? Terry is the cybersecurity, a cybersecurity specialist for Cisco Systems and Isabelle is manager of partner sales. You guys are going to have to explain this to me. Manager of partner sales. Are partners different from regular people? No, partners are amazing people too. So over 85% of Cisco's business, which were a $50 billion a year company, over 85% of that business goes through our partner community and our partners are highly certified and specialized resellers who help us with our customers and help sell to our customers and take care of them. So the team that I lead manages our partner relationships for Southern California, Arizona, New Mexico and Nevada. Where are you located? Where are you working? We're based out of Phoenix. Okay, wow. Yep. Cisco has offices in pretty much every major city all over the world. And what is Cisco selling? I mean, where is its focus these days?  And if you look down with X-ray vision down below the street, you would see all these cables and switches and they all said Cisco on them. Is this still the case? It's definitely still the case and we've really expanded outside of switching and routing, which were, you know, our first two products. But we sell across all of the enterprise needs and from networking to data center, to collaboration technology as well as security and then all of the services that go around that too. So it sounds to me, and we'll get into greater detail about this, is that the name of the game in information technology is collaboration with other companies. You have to fit together. And I'm reminded of the story of Wang. My law firm had a Wang system and Wang was very proprietary. Nobody could connect with Wang yet how to buy special gizmos if anyone was going to, you know, use, you know, connect some other system with Wang and ultimately output. And so you have these days, especially right there. Oh yeah, absolutely. It's absolutely critical that we're not siloing ourselves and limiting our understanding of the world just through our lens. It's critical to be able to work with even our competitors to understand, you know, the value that they bring, a collaboration of ideas. And it's to the benefit of the customer. The customers, in my experience, have been demanding for years that we work with our competitors to deliver a better outcome for them. I have security tools from Cisco, I have security tools from McAfee, I have security tools from Checkpoint. Wouldn't it be great if all of those work together, talked to each other, shared intelligence, so they can understand what threats look like and be more effective in eliminating those threats. I mean, that's really something that I've seen come to fruition. After years and years of customers asking for this, we've kind of got the framework now for these tools to work better together. And it is a competition in some regards because we are trying to compete for business in some areas, but we really have to understand to the benefit of the customer and their customers, especially if it's healthcare, to the benefit of the patients, how do we protect their information? How do we deliver patient safety? How do we deliver all of the things that they're looking to deliver in the most effective manner? So you're working on API program or interfaces where you can allow other companies access and you get access to their stuff. But my question is, talking about, for example, privacy in healthcare and talking about cybersecurity, and I want to talk about that in length, there's a risk that if you give away an API, if you give that to someone else, it might fall into the wrong hands and they can muck up your system, isn't it true? Long story short, API is just an application programming interface allows a structure or a framework for somebody to communicate with your equipment. In the groundwork of how we would do this for a customer, all of those interfaces have to be protected. So that's part of the security system. So part of it is to allow us to communicate with other tools in their environment, but all of that environment needs to be protected against an outside threat. So people should not have access to those unless they are designated access to those. And there should be different levels of access based on your role. You're controlling that? Of course. Of course. Yeah, we call that our back or role-based access control, and that is paramount to a security system. Serious. This also goes with the partners, doesn't it? You can't let anyone be a partner either. You have got to make sure that that partner is a real person or a company as a case may be. That partner is not going to divulge information or access that would compromise either Cisco or its customers. Absolutely. Cisco has one of the most mature and well-developed partner programs that's out there. That's part of the reason why it's called as a pinnacle of for partner programs in our industry, which is really amazing and wonderful. And we have really, really stringent requirements and certifications that our partners go through and agreements that we enter into together that we're going to protect our customers' information, that we're going to, you know, follow a set of policies and processes to make sure that we're always doing the right thing for the customer. Check up on them. So, I mean, really the center discussion as far as I'm concerned is about the role that Cisco plays in cybersecurity. And to get to that, we should talk about what cybersecurity is and what it's intended to deal with and how fast it's moving in a world, especially in an information technology world that is moving so fast and so globally with all kinds of players, including players you wouldn't have a beer with, you know what I mean? Absolutely. So, what's going on in cybersecurity and what does it need to deal with these days? Yeah, so that's an excellent question. I think I'm going to bring up two things that I, there's so many things to talk about, I'd like to start with just two. One, and this is kind of a call to action to anybody out there interested in the information security business. There is a 12x demand for IT professionals who have a security background, who have learned about security. That is one of the biggest shortcomings we have today. We are way understaffed and more than any other role out there, they are looking for security experts and, you know, they'll take, I've heard stories where they take truck drivers and put them in a security operations center. Six months later, they'll go on and move on to another job because they've got six months of experience in a sock and they'll move on to another job that pays them twice as much. It's just an amazing vacancy for these types of positions. 12x, can you explain that? Yeah, so if you're looking at IT professionals across the board and the demand for those professionals, the demand for security-focused professionals in the information technology is 12x greater than that for any other IT professional out there. So that's one of those things that we're extremely short staffed. So I did, and I'll bring in a live example, I had a health care customer who had 40 open headcount for security professionals because they had been breached and they were looking for a build out of security team. They tried to run it with a team of, I believe, 12. And it did not work for them, they had to expand the team, they had to bring in outside help, they had to bring in all kinds of things. But 40 open headcount, and it took them over 12 months to fill half of those positions because they just could not find qualified individuals for those roles. A lot of that was also filled by retooling network professionals. They took network professionals and said, we're just going to have to get you guys up to speed. That's not the ideal, but I like that they tried to make that effort to reintegrate some of the current staff and retrain them and get them up to speed because those two areas of IT are blending together. Well, if I wanted to do this, and I think there should be, we hope there are a lot of people who want to do this because it's important. What do I have to study in school? Is English literature helpful? You know, you're talking to a guy who was a studio art major. Is that right? Yeah, yeah. Must be a connection there somewhere. Yeah, you know, they actually say that the folks who study music make excellent developers because thinking about music theory and how to orchestrate music and get it all to fit together is very similar to writing good code. So from my standpoint, I would just say anybody can apply. I mentioned the truck driver scenario. Yeah. As we see things like Uber and self-driving cars take over that industry, it will be interesting to see if we can retool the, I think it's five million workers in that business who may need to find a new occupation or a new job. So it's an interesting example in that regard. I would say anybody. Anybody who has an interest, that would be who I would target. If you have an interest and you find this cybersecurity work riveting as I do, you may want to pick up a book and read, start reading some of the online trade rags, explore, experiment, talk to companies who are looking to hire these people. It's not just coding though, it's strategies also. It's figuring out what the black cats want to do. Yeah, absolutely. So we have all kinds of programs around that. There's industry standard programs. For example, CISSP certification. Please don't ask me what that stands for. I took mine years ago, and it's a long acronym. But it's an industry standard and well-accepted certification that you could take. There are different companies offer their own certification programs. Cisco, of course, has security certification programs that can get you started. I know that a lot of our competitors have those as well. And then the school part, yeah, if you do learn how to code and you learn scripting languages, we're seeing a whole lot more emphasis on security professionals who used to just be policy writers. And that was really the strategies around writing policy and enacting and executing that policy to make it effective. They're now being asked to do more coding, to be able to execute against that policy. So it's one thing to be able to understand security principles and write the policy. But now it's the demand is, hey, I need you to execute that as well. So let's make sure that you know how to write code and do some scripting to execute that in the system. How do you keep a lid on it? I mean, a member of Snowden, he could take secrets and give them to the wrong people.  And there are people who used to be white hats who sell themselves to the enemy. How do you keep that door closed? I think, I got to be honest, I think that that's a game of numbers. And when I say it's a game of numbers, it's like anything else in life. They're going to be good people and they're going to be bad people. And you have to accommodate or hedge in your system for those types of things. So a great example of that is, it's not a question of if you're going to get breached. We can't prevent all breaches. Something bad will happen. It's a question of what systems you have in place to deal with that. So if you do have bad people in your organization, how quickly can you limit the amount of access they have to do real damage? How quickly can you remediate what they've done? And how quickly can you have a return to normal?  But in a year and a few months, we're going to have an election. And there's a lot of concern around the information technology that has to do with polling and voting machines and all that. Is Cisco involved in that? And how do you assure your clientele that you're taking the best steps possible to avoid incursions on our democracy? So I think that's a really interesting question because politics and what's going on in our political system is something that's really interesting to me. I can't speak for how Cisco is involved. We certainly do a lot of work with a lot of governments. But one of the things that I think is really interesting about our last elections, and if you look at what's going on in how social media has been used as a tool to move an electorate in one way or another, I think that's one of the areas where we all need to be really, really vigilant and really think about what kind of news are we being fed? What kind of news are we seeing on a daily basis? How is that influencing our thoughts and our decisions around who we vote for? And how do we make sure that we're turning to really credible news sources and not just exposing ourselves to the types of ads and the media onslaught that we've seen in social media that has caused huge swings in elections, it seems like? Well, it's essentially propaganda. And there's not necessarily validity to it. So I think that's one of the biggest things is finding trusted news sources. People actually have journalistic integrity. And that's not something that the company would deal with. That's something that you as an individual have to understand. You really have to be critical in your thinking and I think maybe start by saying, is this opinion or is this fact? Or analysis. Or analysis. Or analysis, yeah, exactly. And what's the source of this information? And is this a trusted reputable source who does source vetting, sorry, trusted information from a source that does vet their actual sources? Oh, interesting. I want to take a break. I have some more questions about that very thing. And it's sort of in a creative way. Oh, I can hardly wait to bounce my questions off you guys. Take a short break, come back, and then we'll get into it. Sounds good. Aloha. I'm Keisha King, host of At the Crossroads, where we have conversations that are real and relevant. We have spoken with community leaders from right here locally in Hawaii and all around the world. Won't you join us on thinktechhawaii.com or on YouTube on the Think Tech Hawaii channel. Our conversations are real, relevant, and lots of fun. I'll see you at the Crossroads. Aloha. Aloha, I'm Winston Welch, host of Out and About. It's a show that we have every other Monday on Think Tech Live here. We explore a variety of topics that are really interesting. We have poor organizations, events, and the people who fuel them in our city, state, country, and world. We've got some amazing guests on here, like all the shows at Think Tech. So if you want to catch up on stuff, tune into my show every other Monday and other shows here on Think Tech Live. It's a great place to learn about stuff, to be informed, and if you have some ideas, come on my show. Let's talk about it. See you later, and Aloha. Okay, so we have people like Mr. Putin who would like to interfere and deceive our electorate. And who knows who else these days, because the interesting thing is a lot of that internet research agency, IRA, and all the deception and misinformation in Moscow has actually been copied here. It started there and it spread here, I think, in some ways. So it'll be a feature in a year or so or less. So the question is, with all the strategies that you have to use in dealing with the bad guys, why can't we use artificial intelligence to spot information that is likely to be deceptive? And you may not be able to do a perfect job, but at least you can raise a little red flag, a little red flag at the top of the screen and says, watch out for this one. There's something fishy about this, and then let the user make his own mind up. Is that happening? Absolutely, you should ask that. Yeah, we absolutely use artificial intelligence, machine learning, behavioral analysis. We have all kinds of tools to understand what normal behavior should look like, to understand not only who's talking to who, because that's important to know. We tie identity to conversations that have been online and internally and externally, but who's talking to what, because sometimes people are working with machines that are what we call headless. Nobody logs into them, they have a purpose, they serve a purpose, they do a certain thing. Your AC sensor, for example, is going to be connected to the internet and taking instructions. And then the most, in my mind, and the most nefarious is what's talking to what. So devices that have no login and that are headless that only talk to each other, so maybe an HVAC controller that controls all AC sensors in the building. And if I can impersonate one of those, I can do some, I can wreak some havoc to a large, large swath of the population. So we want to understand what that behavior should look like and we want to make sure, you know, hey, and then cross-reference that with intelligence. What we have is we call threat intelligence. So we study the current threat landscape. We understand how it's evolving. We understand where the bad guys live. We understand there are bad IP addresses out there that have always been bad and have never done anything but nefarious stuff. If anybody in your corporation is reaching out to one of those, we should know about it. You should know about it as a career professional. So we have those tools in place. And then understanding, hey, you know, if we're transferring lots of data at off hours from this place to a place outside of our network, why would we do that? So raise the red flag and understand that that's happening. And then lastly, what if J logs in? Here in Honolulu, but also from China at the same time. Should that be possible? Should that ever happen? We'd want somebody to know about it. Right. Yeah. A little red flag. Yeah. I'd like to know about it. Yeah, you certainly would like to know about that. Yeah. You know, you realize, well, first of all, a partner is kind of a customer too, isn't it? Absolutely. A partner is a customer. And so you have to discuss these things with at least some of your customers. How deeply can you get involved in it? How much can you share about that? And can you tell them, as I would if I were you, Cisco is saving you a democracy? Yeah. This is really important, you know? Well, I'm not sure I would go so far as to say Cisco's saving your democracy. But I would say that our customers and partners alike have to make decisions every day with the limited resources that they have for how they are going to run their business effectively, continue to innovate and digitize and grow their businesses all while understanding that attacks are inevitable. Everybody is a target these days. My mom is a target, right?  Your computer has been locked and does this much in iTunes gift cards. Just like a big corporation would be. So what can customers do with the limited amount of resources they have to stay secure while they're trying to do the main thing, which is running their business, whatever that might be. Whatever it is, yeah. And Cisco is an incredible business partner who are customers in that sense because we do constantly innovate both our own technologies as well as acquire other companies that complement the technology portfolio that we have available to them. But the technology is only one piece of the equation for how customers are going to stay secure. They have to make sure that they also have the right services in place, the right staffing in place with the right training. One of the points that Terry brought up, which I'd be remiss not to talk about, is Cisco has this amazing program called the Cisco Networking Academy, which is a program in high schools all over the world, helping young high school students get ready for careers in technology, for careers in coding or cybersecurity. So thinking about if there are young viewers out there, is there a Networking Academy or a similar program out there near them where they can get involved now and be an advocate for a network and a system that will really help drive business outcomes, but also stay secure the whole time. Are we winning this battle? If I'm your partner hyphen customer and I come and say, look, I represent a number of say small cities in Florida, and they come to me for ransom, they're near with ransomware, can you protect me? Because it's always changing, and those guys out there are mischievous and smart. What can you say to me as a customer, and I worry about that, because in Florida, one of them paid $600,000 and others in the same vein. What can we do for our customers on that kind of thing? Yeah, absolutely. So that's once again a game of numbers and a trade-off. So one of the things that Cisco's done is we have one of the largest threat intelligence organizations outside of government, and that we feed all of the security tools with that threat intelligence, and we participate in the Cyber Threat Alliance with our competitors and our co-operatition, so to speak, the folks that we work with who may compete with us on a day-to-day, but we share that intelligence and we work towards feeding all of those devices. So devices think of, I mean, they're tools, they're static, they serve a purpose, but if you can arm them with threat intelligence, you've just up the game quite a bit, and a lot of times we can actually stop some of these ransomware before they even break out, ransomware attacks before they even break out, because we understand the mechanism that's weaponized them, and we can understand how to kill it and take it offline. And in that case, we can do it, but we can't do it all the time, and that's the game of numbers. So we have that instances where even when they call the FBI, Cyber Crime Division comes in and says, look man, this is a hospital, you've got patients in the ICU, and things are locked up. It's $17,000, either. Just get it done. We'll figure it out on the back. Sometimes that happens, so it's just a judgment call to understand, do we have the intelligence, or do we need to service the end user for the, in this case, the patient? I know you could develop a fail-safe way to identify the people who are asking for the ransom. I would like to sit on the jury. So that's an interesting, it's interesting that you say that, though, because a lot of the ransomware is malware that you can download and buy, it could be anybody. You could go home and buy yourself a nice shrink-wrapped package of malware and then find a weaponization mechanism or vehicle to send it out and make it propagate. And if you knew a few lines of codes, you may be able to alter it. You may even be able to call their tech support because it probably comes with tech support to help you alter your malware. I'm telling you, this is big business. Yeah, but one other example, remember the city of Baltimore who didn't pay it? And for weeks, people couldn't pay their utility bills and whatnot because the city refused to pay the ransomware? Yeah, that's another way of dealing with it. Costs a lot of money, I'm sure. So what about the internet of things? We're not just talking about the city, we're talking about every refrigerator. Yeah, we literally are. So if I was really bent on destruction, I could use this sort of malware to bring everything down, am I right? You know, yes and no, a little of both. It's just dependent on how well those devices were developed and what was the chain of custody through development and then how bad or how good is the code that it was written on. So I'll use personal experience. I did deal with a very large manufacturer who had a very stringent process around everything that they made, whether it was a fan, like a bedroom fan or a humidifier, any of those types of things. And they were also investigating ways to make those devices report intelligence back to them so that they could understand if there was a threat and they could mitigate it before it affected their customers, which I thought was really cool. But the other thing is I did work as an executive who had very large hotel properties. His concern was what if some tax in and dials all of the AC units up because they're all connected to the internet. Turns them up to 99 degrees, they'll have a mass exodus on my hands. And if you move large numbers of people, people get hurt. We've seen that in evacuations of buildings when there's a fire, people trip and fall and stairwells, break bones. So he was very concerned about that. Well, new threats all the time and you guys are like it or not, you're in the middle of it because you're the infrastructure and also the software. But we've had a lot of news lately about the tech industry in general and its interaction with the United States government. And with the Chinese Huawei and all that. And I'm wondering how that changes things for not only Cisco, but all of them. I mean, for example, last week there was this meeting in the White House. I don't know if Cisco was there or supposed to be there, but there were a number of big tech companies, highly capitalized companies that were there and some of them got disinvited. And this has got to be disruptive. So the relationship of the tech industry I surmise is different now than it was say five years ago or even three. Tell me about that, what you was about. I mean, I think that tech is something that whether you like it or not is a part of our lives, it's a part of society, it's a part of how we are continuing to innovate and change how we do things for the better in many cases, despite all of the malicious actors we were just talking about. And the role that tech, understanding that number one, it's here to stay and whether you love technology or work in every day or you hate it, you're benefiting from it in some way, shape or form, most likely, right? We're all totally committed to it at this point. Yeah, I mean, even those of us, we work in the tech industry and we try to keep our kids away from tech and outside of playing and developing in different ways because we know that eventually they're gonna end up doing something related to tech most likely. But when I think about how tech industries are being scrutinized, a lot of it is taking stances on how they're gonna treat their content. We were listening to a podcast or to a podcast about YouTube and whether or not they were gonna take down content that maybe contained hate speech. Companies are under a lot of scrutiny right now about the decisions they make based on political or social decisions. And one of the things, one of the reasons I love working for Cisco is number one, it's not a Facebook so we're not in the content business. But because of our position, we have this great ability to make a huge corporate social impact.  You can go build houses for Habitat for Humanity, for example, or these things like that. That's great, that's wonderful. What a statement that is. I mean, I think it's really, really amazing. We're headquartered on the Bay Area in California and we committed $50 million to help end homelessness in Santa Clara County, which is fantastic. But every decision that we make, whether it's regarding our technology or regarding what we do with our 77,000 employees has an impact on society and we have to recognize that. And I'm really proud to work for a great company that's made some really great decisions around that recently. You guys have been working for Cisco for some years now. Long time. Long time. You think you'll stay with it? I mean, is it a career? You know, I hear all these stories about people moving back and forth and being drawn away by promises of larger salaries still. So is this a lifelong thing, do you think? Any thoughts about that? I'll interject just because I did leave. And I did work at a competitor for a couple of years and I came back. I think just you have to make a personal decision about that, but for the both of us and for our family, especially for young kids and whatnot, having a similar work schedule helps a lot with our work-life balance. And a company that cares about keeping the family unit strong, we're happy, we're gonna be productive. Yeah, corporate culture is so important. And I just talked about this yesterday with a friend of mine at a birthday party and they have left their position because of corporate culture. And I think corporate culture is a big reason why we are really happy with the system. Well, you know, the country in general, the corporate world in general, globally, can learn a lot from that. Absolutely. And it draws you and it's a great statement about the company. Thank you, Isabella. Thank you, Terry. It's great to talk to you. You have to come back soon. Sure.


Tantal Audio Presents The Last Anniversary By Leanne Moriarty Narrated by Heather Wildes 1. Do you really think we can get away with it? If I didn't think so, I wouldn't be suggesting it, would I? We could go to jail. That's my third worst fear. First, funnel-webs, then childbirth, then jail. Neither of us is going to jail, you nanny. One day we'll be sweet little old ladies, and we'll probably forget that it didn't happen the way we said it did. I can't imagine us as sweet little old ladies. It does seem unlikely, too. A marriage is hard work, and sometimes it's a bit of a bore. It's like housework. It's never finished. You just got to grit your teeth, and keep working away at it, day after day. Of course, the men don't work as hard at it as we do, but that's men for you, isn't it? They're not much good at housework, either. Well, they weren't in my day. Of course, these days they cook, vacuum, change nappies. The lot. Still don't get equal pay in the workforce, though, do you? You've got a long way to go, you girls. Not doing much about that, though, are you? Yes, OK, Aunt Connie, but the thing is, I'm not interested in marriage in general. I'm interested in Alice and Jack's marriage. How would you describe it? Ordinary? Extraordinary? Cast your mind back. Even the tiniest detail will be helpful. Did they love each other, do you think? Love. I'll tell you something, something important. Write this down. You ready? Yes, yes, I'm ready. Love is a decision. Love is a decision. That's right. A decision, not a feeling. That's what you young people don't realise. That's why you're always off divorcing each other. No offence, dear.  I'm stuffed for the food, Aunt Connie. Really? Look, I have to say you haven't been at all helpful. See, the Monroe baby mystery is like a jigsaw puzzle.  If I found all the pieces, I could actually solve it. Imagine that. After all this time, wouldn't you like that? Wouldn't that be fascinating? Oh, Veronica, love.  A good, steady job in a bank, perhaps. Three. Out of the blue, just after the Easter break, Sophie Honeywell's ex-boyfriend Thomas Gordon calls her at work to ask if they can meet for a drink. He says he needs to talk to her about something quite serious. But nothing too serious, I hope. Sophie hears herself sounding bright and brittle. Her heart beats fast, as if she's just had a bad fright. And in fact, it did give her a start when she heard that familiar, but now strange voice. This is the first time they've spoken since their very messy break-up three years ago. Nobody's died, I hope. She asks all hail and hearty.  She never says that sort of thing. It must be nerves. There is a pause, and then Thomas says, Well, yes, actually, somebody has died. Sophie hits the palm of her hand against the side of her head. She has a moment of dithery throat clearing, and then just in time she remembers the polite thing to say to bereaved people. Thomas. She says gently and sadly, I'm so sorry. Yes, thank you. Replies Thomas briskly. So, can we meet for a drink? Yes, of course we can. But, ah, well, who died? I'd rather talk about it tonight. All of a sudden it's like they have never broken up. Why can't he just come out and say things? Her mouth begins to gape into one of those silent shrieks of frustration that used to characterize so many of her phone conversations with Thomas. But I'll be worrying all afternoon wondering who it is. Who, who died? He sighs heavily and says as if proving a point. My aunt Connie. Oh. Sample complete. Ready to continue?


As part of the ongoing island-wide Tropical Race for Awareness campaign undertaken by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Food Security and Rural Development, a sensitization forum engaging St. Lucia Air and Seaport Authority Slasper staff was held on Monday, July 24, 2023, at the Slasper Conference Room. The focus of the activity was to create heightened awareness and engage Slasper staff in early detection and preventative measures of the TR-4 pathogen under the guidance of the TR-4 Committee Chair Winston Elliott. An awareness program for all relevant stakeholders, like yourselves, farmers, custom staff, hiker, stevey doors, is necessary to prevent the introduction and spread of userium with TR-4. When stakeholders are aware, they can contribute substantially to early detection of likely sources of transmission, surveillance reporting, and managing this pest. Seizing the opportunity to convey the importance of a pathogen 3 agricultural sector in stabilizing the livelihoods of farmers and the maintenance of a sustainable food security system is Director of Agricultural Services Dr. Uriah King Snark. TR-4 not only threatens our food security, but also the livelihood of millions of people globally who rely on bananas and plantains as cash crops, and our farmers and their families are not spared. As a trans-boundary soil-borne fungus, TR-4 is recognized as one of the most destructive pests in the history of agriculture, and the world's greatest threat to the banana and plantain production. To date, the pathogen has not been detected in St. Lucia, however, taking no chances and on heightened alert is Slasper Director of Seaports, Adrienne Hiller, who embraced the coordinated communication and surveillance strategies between the Agricultural Ministry and Slasper. So, Slasper, our staff are the airports and seaports. We give the commitment that management and staff will be working very closely, continue the collaboration. We do everything that we have to do to give support, because I mean the impact is very significant. We have seen the decline of the banana industry, and the threat for St. Lucia is that we do not have very large farms. We have a number of small farms, so if you impact one, it's not like you can simply do some intervention. For one, you have to try to see how you could, it's all over the place, and I think together we can. The Ministry of Agriculture continues to engage the stakeholders around the island in the development and implementation of Tropical Ries for preventative strategies. From the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Food Security and Rural Development, Chauvry Mariusz


Everybody forced here hoping 2023 top scrum black baseball hobby 12 box case number 17 random team style Let's roll the dice in random, and then we'll get started. Good luck everybody. It's a seven six and one Names first one two three four five six and seven Michael s down to quint e and then seven times on the teams one two three four five six And seven Mets down to Rockies Michael s Mets Alex M. Astros Bruce B. Blue Jays Edward P. A's Kale F. Yankees Mark M. Padres Jeremy T. Angels Trevor B. Ray's Nationals Utah Y. D. Backs Eli Cardinals Gordon P. Reds Richard H. White Sox Jesse S. Red Sox Craig K. Rangers Wes R. Royals Nam Q. Guardians Joe H. Mariners Troy H. Tigers Mike S. Giants Brewers Junia with the Pirates Bradley B. Twins Michael A. Marlins Bruce B. Braves Mark L. Dodgers Garrett T. Phillies Darryl M. Cubs John B. Orioles quint with the Rockies There is the link for the results. They're available at latent sports cards comm anytime. Good luck everybody. See what we got Not gonna recap this one's gonna be pretty quick keep it moving here Because we are behind Yeah, JT that's what I was saying Right after it just weird not have either one of those Yeah, it wasn't necessarily a bad case, but it wasn't like a great case Good load numbers Vargas rookie Green wave the 99 Manny Machado and if any Pasquantino Next up is autograph Raphael Pulmero. It's pretty funny Guy was just talking about one Rangers Raphael Pulmero Otto. Yeah, William. We're just talking about pulling one of these Haven't pulled I don't think I've ever pulled a pulmero Otto That's the first one. I can't think of another time that I have Do you want LSE crews this we need to do Got purple mini diamond rookie to 150 Christopher Morell Ezekiel Tovar next is a Derek Jeter autograph the Yankees That's for kale Congrats kale Do that in Star Wars is next time too. Okay. Yeah, I don't have to go back and yes You just write it on Cossus gold mini diamond of verlander out of 50 for the Mets SS and Gold rookie out of the 50 is Louis Ortiz Pirates Louis Ortiz Blue Garakul. What was the auto the auto wasn't good Gold rookie 41 to 50 Gavin Stone Dodgers Well, so no autograph here Cubs refractor Nelson Velasquez number 21 of 150 you mean like a Number box. Oh, okay Like top-scope update or something either hopefully the next trip goes better Yeah, these cars look awesome. I feel like great. I'm Jordan Walker Blue Lava mookie to 75 cool color match with the Dodgers here Blue Lava mookie ever Julian Sort of fingers baseball team or mookie bets is the second best player on it now. She's very weird Mike trout auto there he is Trouty Trouty for the halos Good hit there. Good case going here. Jeremy T. Miller there rookie refractor 150 of 199 Masatake Yoshida Red Sox 80 In nationals rookie auto jeter downs 50 of 99 crab legs are talking about fishy fishy fishy some crab legs Refractor Shohei Otani 23 of 199 angels Strive next time you come to shop man, right crab legs. Yeah, dude. Come on, man A refractor rookie auto to 150 Javier Assad cubs already brought it man. You have people drink it before you saw it Rookie image variation Adley Ratchman Orioles Adley refractor rookie Radley Green to 199 Tigers back and refilled it and I forgot to get back to your house.  No, that was a thing. How was illegal still in chat? Mysteries Oh Geez, they need to bring me the cake blue refractor to 75 mini machado Padres Jonathan India Next auto is a Yankee in his Paul O'Neill Yankees doing well Paul O'Neill auto base You did a super factor auto now purple many diamond rookie Michael Harris 41 of 150 Atlanta nice hit Atlanta Greenwave 9 of 99 Miguel Cabrera Tigers Not even here. They got us put thumbs up. We're indoctrinated now And base rookie auto Xavier Edwards for the Marlins He's so rough. His cards are totally safe pop now that bingo Man go Shriver do a case of top-skirm black in 45 minutes Purple mini diamond a rookie Nolan Gorman out of 150 for the Cardinals and a Vaughn Grissom Nice super futures to 99 Hulia Rodriguez auto for the Mariners His auto's fall kind of not I wouldn't say like frequently, but that's like the third or fourth. We've seen sign of top-scrown black Sick one there to 99 to on that one there we go Mariners Hello jumbo Green refractor Carlos Correa 24 of 99 for the twins. He said all that to say hi How do you feel about a 24-hour time out dude just say the word dude and Then rookie auto Brandon Faw for the D-backs. Oh, man jumbo your next message determines on whether you're timed out for 24 hours Or not you get one more message All right, that'll do it for the break everybody. Thanks again. Never move it on to number 18


Our goals at the beginning of the season were really just to see everybody improve as the season went on and then hopefully have everybody running at their best at the end of the season. And I can definitely say that that did happen, especially at the conference championships. Several people had their fastest time over the 6K and 8K distance. I know on the men's side, I think Hayden ran a PR, Taylor, one of our seniors ran a PR, he was really looking forward to breaking that 28 minute barrier and he finally got to do it at our conference championship. And then on the women's side, Isabel finished runner up and was really close to winning. I know that's a goal of hers going forward to next year. And then on the men's and the women's side to finish, we finished ninth on both sides and that was kind of our goal to finish right kind of in the middle of the conference because all 18 schools compete in the cross-country championships. So Isabel's had a unique season. She actually was injured at the beginning of the year and did not run a race until the week before Max. So she actually didn't start running on the ground until the first week of October. And she just cross-trained a ton. She's put a ton of work in the pool and on the bike and doing as much as two hours to two and a half hours a day of cross-training. And all that definitely has paid off because we've seen a big improvement from week to week. I was all excited to start the season. Coming into August, we were really getting a lot of training and hard work, like my highest mileage per week. And then I started having this injury and this pain. So it turns out I had to stop running for four weeks. And then I slowly started up again in the beginning of October. But it turns out I wasn't able to run every day. So Coach Bernan and I came up with a plan to cross-train as much as possible. So that means hitting the pool, hitting the bike, walking, something that's not as high impact for like two to two and a half hours a day every day. And I had my first official workout the week before Max. So that was exciting. And being able to come second at Max was really, really awesome. And then to finish runner-up at Max was a really big, it was really exciting for that to happen. And then for her to qualify for the national championships by finishing fourth at Regionals, we've only had one other woman. And that was Emily Gates in 2019 that has qualified before for the NCAA Championships.  So that was really unique for me. And just being able to experience it with the team was really fun. And just being able to be there because having been injured, I had no idea that I would be running. So to be able to do any of this was really awesome. And again, going forward this year for Isabel, it's all about getting the experience of what it's like at Nationals. And hopefully, top 40 is all-American in cross-country. So that's kind of a goal right now. But this year, again, like I said, it's more about gaining that experience of competing at the national level. I think I'm just going to have to do what I know what to do, just get out there. It's going to be a really packed field and really stacked. So there's a lot of really talented runners there as well. But I know that if I just do what I've been training these past few months and I just keep using what I know, then I'll be fine if I can just get out there and hold my place. Yeah, so we're really going to miss our seniors next year. On the men's side, we lose Taylor and we lose Jake. And they've both been great leaders and just really hard workers. So we're going to look to some of the other underclassmen to step up next year and kind of take over those reins and help with the incoming freshmen going forward. And on the women's side, we lose Mariam and we lose Lauren. And it's going to be, again, great leaders. It's going to be really hard to fill those spots. But we have some great underclassmen that I think are going to step up and fill in that role.


This paper provides an overview of the current state of the art for estimating multivariate design events. It discusses the various approaches available for constructing multivariate distribution functions, including copula models, which have been shown to be effective in capturing complex dependencies between variables. The paper also presents a synthetic case study to illustrate how different modeling choices can affect the resulting design event. Finally, it concludes by suggesting that careful consideration must be given to the choice of the approach used, depending on the specific application and the real-world problem at hand. This article was authored by B. Grayler, M. J. Vandenberg, S. Vandenberg, and others.


I'm here to say one thing and my goal, my agenda, is for everyone to have web accessibility in mind. If there's one thing you take away, that's all. That's it. Very simple. Now share this story with you. I met my husband when I was in uni many years ago and we've been married for over 10 years so I'm still 20 by the way and there is a favourite couch. We have this L-shaped couch in our house. He likes to sit and we have countless pointless arguments like many married people do about him sitting on that couch because he wants to sit on the L-shaped place and I'm like you get to put your feet up and have countless arguments and then one day he said to me why do you think I like to sit there? I'm like because you're selfish? You're not Sheldon. I'm like you can't own the couch. I paid my half. This is an independent family. Anyway, my husband has a bad hand so he had a vaccine when he was a child and he lost the use of the hand so he does everything well so it was just never in my stream of consciousness and he was like babes, I have to lean my hand somewhere. That's why I sit on that couch. I've been together. And if there are three things I want you to take from that story is one, people with disabilities seldom ask for help. Two, we all want to be independent, valid members of society and that's why they don't. And three, we can't let them do all the work. We just can't. It needs to be in our stream of consciousness and I'm not here to kind of shame anyone because there are unconscious biases and if something is right, it's not there in front of you, it's just not there. So why should we care? Now, the digital industry, we love a course. Like literally just go on Twitter, you would know that we love a course. But there's so many things that we campaign about that we can't change. And as I get further and further in my career, I constantly ask myself, what can I change? Like what can I really influence? There's all these things I really care about and don't get me wrong. It's all good. But there are things that are right in front of me that I have influence over that are within my control that I do absolutely nothing about. And that's what leads us here. 61%. So Web AM, AIM, did a research where they did an accessibility check on the top 1 million pages in the UK and they found out that 61% of all home pages have accessibility errors. Now, half of this where links that take you to other pages that were not accurately labelled. And the one third of these have like questionable old text and repetitive old text. And we've all seen things like this where we're like, oh, that's the last priority on the technical audit list. That's the last priority on everyone's list because there are other things that we deem as important. But these are things that are within our control. And if we claim as an industry to care, if we claim to be at the forefront of social justice, then why are we creating more barriers to people who have enough things to worry about? I mean, people have lists and we have conferences and talks about dev relationships. And that's really important. It's really important because we have all these things to do.  And that's just why I'm here today. If you take anything away, web accessibility, front of mind, every time, that's what I'm here to say. Okay. Now, one of the things that stakeholders argue about and one of the things that make us prioritize things like this is because people feel, oh, you know, how many people actually use the internet to have a disability? They must do things in other ways. Now, there are 61 million people in the U.S. alone with a disability. One in eight. So that's someone sitting around you here. And 12 million people have a visual disability. If you think about the way we perceive the world, the first thing we do is see. A lot of us have had this experience is where you see someone and instantly you can tell whether you like them or not. Instantly, that's because 80% of everything we take in the world is via a site. Now, there's a popular shop in the U.K. I don't know what the equivalent here is called TKMAT. And they sell discount designer clothes. And I can never shop in there. Never. Because every time I walk in there, my brain just goes, ooh, this is so overwhelming. This is not, because they sell this, it's not like when you walk into a typical shop where you have wide dresses all in line and that's really easy for my brain to, because I am slightly dyslexic. But when I enter a shop like that, instantly my brain goes to meltdown. And I can't cope. And this is the way the world is for a lot of people. They enter a place, they step into your site, they load that page and they just go, where do I start? Because a lot of times we think of people with visual impairment as blind or not blind. But there are a lot of differences. There is call of blindness, there's visual obscurity, there's a lot of in-betweens. And they're just people who the world is so overwhelming for. And when we look at it, 70% of the people who responded to that survey said that they regularly used the internet. And the age range for those people were 21 to 60. So this is not even, oh, it's an ageing generation problem. These are people who have everyday lives.  Now, what was even more surprising about that research is that people with a higher degree of visual difficulties profess to have a higher degree of internet proficiency. And we just assumed that people give up. But everyone is fighting for independence. Everyone wants to have agency. Another thing which would have been irresponsible of me today. I know I say it's your civic duty. But again, we're marketers, we're reporter stakeholders, we are losing money. 49 billion in the US is the income after tax for people living with disability. In the UK there was a study, for those of you who work on international sites, on the amount of money people are losing from people who have disabilities clicking away. And that's £17 billion. So people should stop saying that there is no money involved. One in eight people have £490 billion, sorry, I forget, to spend. And we are walking away from that. We're being asked that organic growth, revenue growth. At the end of the day, all marketers are tasked to do is make money. And we are walking away from money. And people with disability in that study says that they have really strong brand loyalty. They would rather pay more. The same way I would rather pay more and walk into a shop that has arranged things in a way that my brain can absorb. It's the same way that people with disability have responded that they would rather pay more for a site that caters to their needs. Now, the good thing in the US, you have a law, the American Disability Act, which says that every site must present equal opportunity to everyone. And yet there's still 10 lawsuits a day in 2021. Do you know if anyone can remember the lawsuit that went, I think it's pizza hot, where someone tried to order on their website and their app and the person could have accessed the site, and then pizza hot argued that he could have picked up a phone and like, why? I want to do it this way. So things like this are still happening. This is because a lot of people are using tools and people are not trying to work in someone else's shoes. Now, I just want to remind us, and this is really simple, this is something that should be front of mind, but if someone doesn't say, you don't instantly think about it, the kind of tax that people are trying to do that we are setting up barriers for them, managing personal finance. Imagine going to work every day and you can't manage your own finance and then you have to open that up to someone that's leading, someone can defrod you. These are things that we need to bear in mind that this is not just, oh, someone wants to shop.   School work. My friend's daughter is a game designer and I spoke to her because she has a degenerative eye condition where she's gradually going blind. She's in school now, second year game design. I spoke to her, I was like, what are some of the barriers that you face? I was like, oh, for this, you know, how do you do, and she was so upset. She was like, the gaming industry doesn't cater for me and yet I'm a game designer. She was like, one of the things I do to access the web is I have to put a DAX screen on and if you do that in any game, it just distorts all the images and that made me feel so sad. I think another thing I asked, I was like, oh, which news website do you go to? And she was like, no, I access all my news via YouTube because none of the news websites are accessible and I really felt sad because we know the amount of misinformation that's out there on YouTube and that is someone's primary consumption of news. Again, dating, shopping, etc. Like she said, oh, I can go to a website, I can browse, but I can never check out because the form input labels are always missing. Basically, we are contributing, stopping people from being independent members of society and this is what we should always have at the forefront. Whenever we're doing any audits, whenever someone says, oh, it's just an H1 text, think about how is a screen reader going to prioritise if you have multiple H1 text on your page. Now, how do we rectify this problem? There are some of it that's technical, but there are some of it that we can get started on and do ourselves. Now, these are links to checklists. The web accessibility guidelines, they have a checklist that covers the four areas that you need to. It's a very good checklist. You can just download it, create your own Excel sheet and walk your way through. Now, the first thing is that your website needs to be perceivable and that's because the first thing people do, first sense is site. Everyone must be able to access the information in a way that makes sense and I reached out to our community, I put tweeters like, what are the problems that people still face because I wanted to hear from every day people and it's the same thing. It's mostly about that perception. All text not being used or where they're used in videos, people don't let it stay enough and then it disappears, people using captures or people just using automated video text generations and things like that. And it says the content should be in a meaningful sequence and that's where the H1, because I see this a lot, it's like, oh, we don't care about the H1, it doesn't really matter. We have the keyword in the page title, but think about the way a screen reader will work. How would it skip to the content if you have like 10 H1s? So content must make sense, you know, captures, I can see, I hate captures. I don't know why people still do them. Again, there's especially new sites are so guilty of this or affiliate sites that have all these ads like there's decorative content that you can still click to and you can't skip. Again, do you not use an interface that people can't use? I think all the things that was really interesting for me with this is this message that Chloe sent, because I'm guilty of this and I'm sure loads of people, if you go into your Google search console report, you will see that mobile report that says content too small for screenwit and she was like, I have a bad hand and I have to use my dominant hand and I can't expand things and everything on mobile is just too small and I was like, oh my God, I'm always thinking about speed. I see these things and I'm like, oh, I can see it's fine and I just ignore. So everything must be accessible from a keyboard, easy to navigate, allow, time caption for media, understandable. The interface must not be beyond the user's understanding. I know sometimes I work with web designers who try to reinvent the wheel and I'm like, can we just make it that the menu is in a way that someone knows is intuitive, you know, the content on your site to be intuitive. People should be able to look at you and understand that this is where I need to go. This is what I need to do. Again, it must be robust in a way that it is accessible to screen readers, assistive technology, that kind of stuff. Now, you don't want this kind of thing. Does anyone remember this? If you've been in SEO long enough, you will remember this. Now, I know I've talked about plugins not being the only way to go, but the way of accessibility, the web AIM, they have an accessibility plugin. They have extensions that you can use and that can be a starting point. It's really good because what it does is that it tells you where you have low contrast. It gives you recommendations for how you can fix that, although I'm sure that most of us will have fairly decent ideas. Things you can do yourself. Again, missing all text, you fill, skip links, you take to your devs and say, hey, can you put this in the area? Good news is there's an API. If you're good at coding, if not, where you can do bulk pages at once and then you can start fixing things. If you have what press, there's always a plugin. Lighthouse as well. You can do this in Lighthouse where you use the accessibility tool, but again, just be careful with tools. Because tools only detect 25% of accessibility errors. That's why I said before that most of the sites that we're sued, they have the accessibility checklist because they're only using tools and overlays and not real human experiences. So how do you try a real human experience? Now download a screen reader. There are loads of them, but you can start, I mean, you can start with a free one. Most of the really good ones are paid tools. A screen reader works with this. It's very similar to schema. It's called an area label. Your developer will probably have coded your site in a way that it has that, and then it makes what we call an accessibility tree, and the screen reader reads through. You can view your accessibility tree in Chrome Dev Tools. Now, I've committed the cardinal scene. I have included not just one, but two videos in my presentation because I wanted to demo how a screen reader works on a good slide. Fingers crossed I get asked to come back next year. Probably wouldn't say. This screen reader is going to, you'll see how, just watch how it goes through the content. There's no option to skip anything. There's no logical way. Discounts. List with tenide. Tick tock. Llyw swim. Soaps. Llynclis died. Abbage. Puzzle. Login. Privacy policy. Feedback. 12 p.m. 27 degrees Celsius. Previous slide. Button. Go to slide three. Button pressed. Nothing happens. Next slide. Button. Go to slide three. Button pressed. List. Mail online. News. Sport. List. I couldn't skip through. I just had to keep going. I didn't take me. No jump links. Nothing. Took me back to the privacy policy. Into taking me back to the article. So frustrating. So frustrating. No wonder she said she doesn't access any new sites. I mean that was so, I had to skip through 15 menu links. Took me right back to the start. Took me to the weather. Weather was already on the content. Now this is slightly better. So there's the jump link. Jump the content. Internal link. Right label. Back to home page. Contribute. Subscribe. Login. List with 14 items. List item. List item. List item. List item. List item. List item. List item. List item. List item. Amazon Prime Open Search. Button. Toggle between international editions. Button. List with three items. List item. Sunny Braverman as our next PM. Be afraid. Be very afraid. List item. Defiant to the bitter end. How Johnson. Defiant to the bitter end. How Boris Johnson became Britain's Trump. Be independent. Jump to content. Internal link. Cool. So you can see how frustrating the web can be. Like I cheated massively because I could see. So I could move around and just try to make it go faster. But imagine if you didn't have that ability. If you just had to wait and keep pressing tap, tap, tap, tap, tap to just get to the next stage. It can be really, really frustrating. Now web AIM. They have a long list of things. 161 accessibility tools that are specialist tools for detecting things. But as you can see, the best thing to do is download a screen reader and go through your page. Even things like full stops and commas and stuff. It really makes a difference. The way that most web pages are laid out is that you have this hero banner and you'll start with best dresses for sale. And then underneath it there will be buy best dresses and then the best dresses. You can see and so you can just ignore all of that noise and escape to the dresses that you want to see. But for someone who has to go through all of that, all the person sees is all of this noise. And as SEOs we are so guilty. I mean we've come such a long way. Content is no more about keyword stuffing, but oh my god. I can't even think of what the old days must have been like. Again, I'm just going to go through some of the most common errors that were found of that study. 97% of home pages had accessibility errors. This is the window to your shop, your front of house. This is a page in any website that everyone's super concerned about. Everyone has a stake in it yet no one gets it right. Low contract text. And I have to say I'm guilty of this because I use the WordPress template and there's this thing now. Everyone likes a white on grey. My website is guilty of this, so I have to change it. But this is the kind of thing that makes it really difficult for people to see. Again, we've just seen a demo of what happens when there's an empty link. It said button on the daily meal site. I clicked it. It took me nowhere. I was wondering where I was. And again, if I couldn't see, I would have been lost. Missing form input labels. If you ask someone to fill a form, people who can see would know that's the name. You have to label the form and actually say input name here. And this is an example of what that code looks like. Empty buttons. Again, we saw that empty button where I clicked on it. Nothing happened. Or on a website, it's really easy for you to put like a red button and say sale. And if you don't give it a label in the area code, people just don't know it's a sale button. And my personal favourite, which we can all do something about tomorrow, missing all text. Now, one of the key things that people forget when creating all text is that they're different functions. So there's the functional one, which is to initiate actions, which is like print. And we need to make sure we label it with things like this button prints a page. Because imagine if it even opens in a new browser and you are navigating a page and all of a sudden you're like, oh, that's reading out a new URL. And you just get so totally confused because you don't know where you... It's like being in a house and you turn and you're in a room and the door is locked and there's no way to get out. There are decorative images. Now I worked with an affiliate site where they had to display the logo of all the clients they worked with. This is meaningless to... It's an authority signal. It's meaningless to the screen reader. And no one asks the screen reader to skip it. And you can just go through... And literally you have to sit down there and press logo one, logo two, logo three, logo four for 30 images. So remember that if something is not useful, make sure you put a null value so that the screen reader can skip it. And again, where we have images that convey meaning, we need to put accurate description explaining what the images are. Now, speeding up the process with Python. I'm not going to go into what any of the script means. I mean, there are links in there. You can do your research. But these are all Python libraries that deal with passing and structuring data and processing images. And this is my personal favourite. This is the library that is used for image recognition. And what it does is that it breaks down images into different pixels and it tries to predict what each pixel means, puts it together, makes a hole. Now, I have put all of these together myself and my developer with written script. All you need to do is upload, click run, and download. And whilst this will not give you all of the all text you need, at least it's cotton out the admin by 50% at the very list. Please create a copy because it takes so long to fix these things. This is not my full-time job. I have two full-time kids and a part-time husband. So please, when you email me that something's broken, just be patient. Okay, cool. Now, just simple, create the file, upload it here. Now, I tried to make it the first time I shared the script. I tried to make it that you can run unlimited URLs, but it kept breaking. So I've shortened it now. You will see within the code. And it's really, the code is written up really clearly that you can reduce it to 100 URLs. So just try reducing to 100 URLs and run it there. Come and change it, run. So you can upload a file with like 5,000. It would just keep changing 100, 200, 300 like that, just so that it doesn't break or time out. Click here, run all. Once it runs, it will go to your download file. And this is what the predictions look like. Now, I can't see from here, but see a chair and a dex in a room. So it's pretty good, some of the time. So a living room, a plant with a bookshelf, and it gives you at least five of them, and you could choose best out or you can just read and refine. This is like a bed in a sitting room next to a window, a living room at a television and a couch. Now, sometimes it goes cuckoo. So a close-up, blue and yellow. So what I found out that it's doing is better at predicting larger image, which makes sense, because what the master CNN does is it breaks it down into pixels, and it tries to, so the smaller the pixel, the harder it is for it to break down. So try and make sure that you upload larger images. What I'm working on is to see if I can get a script that makes it enlarge the image to a certain size, but then again that might not work quite well because then stretch, but I'm working on it. So recap for the script so you don't break it and spell the phone for everyone, create a copy, run only 100 URLs at a time. Once it finishes, check your download folder. It should automatically download. The file name is called captions.csv. This is what it looks like. It will download the five captions, and then you can review, pick the best, optimise whatever you want to do. And I leave you with this. Any of us, any of us, could lose the freedom, the abilities that we have in an instant, and we should never forget that. Bear that in mind, and always keep web us's ability in mind. These are some of the sources I shared.