I don't know, maybe this movie might make a man out of you, man. Ooh, that's a hot mug, guys! Hey guys, this is my review for Mulan, the Disney remake, which was delayed heavily. Originally supposed to come out in March, it has now been released in this format on Disney Plus with people paying $30 and I'll admit, as high of a price point it is, I can't deny that it ain't a bad move on Disney's part in terms of trying to recuperate the losses that they've had this year. We gotta understand that Disney has basically been the juggernaut for box office studios for the last several years in a row, so to see them dip so low, especially after last year, they won in that money bag. That Greek goblin's hungrier than ever. But how does this movie interpret the original tale, as well as the Disney animated classic that many love, myself included? First off, I'll say that they actually do a really good job in terms of trying to reinterpret Chinese cinema, at least current-day Chinese cinema, within the first shot of them coming into Mulan's village and doing this big panorama. I felt like I was watching the It Man movies. Now, admittedly so, the first It Man is a very grounded film, it's very well done. I actually prefer the second one the best, but it's because it reminds me of like a modern-day retelling of Fist of Legend. At least in this movie, by the way, too. He's not very good, though. So that style of cinema is what they do to reinterpret the story of Mulan.  Is it kind of being a little bit on the nose sometimes? If you're not familiar with this type of cinema, you might be thrown a little bit off when you see a girl jump 20 feet in the air and do a pretty cool soccer bicycle kick onto a spear and have it hit a guy. Admittedly, though, that's actually one of the best parts of this movie. I ain't going to lie. Obviously, with how the film landscape is right now, there are a few different aspects of films that are possibly perhaps most definitely pushed a little bit more in this film that they were in the Disney animated film. For instance, Mulan's backstory is given a little bit more detail. They're kind of going the route of the mystical warrior, the chosen one to save the Chinese dynasty. I can see some people thinking that this is kind of a reinterpretation of Ray, how she was good at everything in Star Wars. There's a point to this. She's training. We see that she is being trained by a master warrior. We see that she has potential. It's more so her status and the culture at the time that is holding her back. And that's what the first film had as well, just done in a bit of a lighter, more child friendly tone, which, speaking of which, the child friendly tone, like kind of the Disney nuances that you're used to with the original film, they're not in this as much. They are trying to go for a little bit more of a mature setting, which is why some of the fight scenes are a bit to watch. Like when you see some Mongolian guys running up the side of a building, you're kind of just supposed to think, okay, we also go all the way over and we dip into the origins of Qi as a force like entity, even though the force is basically based on the al concept of Qi. And there is the alternate woman. This is the witch who is helping the Mongol leader take over China. And she's one of the best parts of this movie. She's damn cool. Every single outfit she has is fantastic. Just that's a side note.  I actually liked her inclusion in the story. I was a bit on the fence to see how she would be integrated in the film. And her fluidity with her powers and her strikes and just her character are very well done, which is kind of, again, a little bit polarizing when we see some establishing shots look like they're straight out of a PS3 game. There are some moments where the CG dips very, very heavily, but only for short periods of time. These moments where they have lots of really great moments followed by one very bad dip every so often. It's not a consistent thing, but when it appears, you see it. It's also with the hair. Her hair in this movie is amazing.  I enjoyed the fight scenes of this film. I enjoy the training, even though there isn't the whole mega man of view. I just enjoy the choreography of this film. Admittedly, when you're seeing all the swords flying and there's no blood whatsoever. Again, I know it's Disney, but I was expecting something more than nothing. However, again, there are dips. There is a scene that is taken from the animated film. It involves a mountain. It's done the same way, but differently. And I feel that in this film, it fails at changing how it works.  There are moments where they do alter themselves from the animated film. And it doesn't work all the time. It works sometimes. And those parts are done well. Sometimes not as great, but they still are doing a good, mature retelling of the story. Not so much the animated film, but the original tale. Obviously taking tidbits here and there from the animated film, but it's not to the point of over-excessive fan service. I wasn't expecting this film to be this good in its production value for the most part. I love how colorful the sets are, how colorful the costumes are. The changing of the music parts, while not as frequent as I was hoping, really is only two or three songs that are kind of altered.  But again, it's not frequent. And I kind of missed that. I was hoping for a little bit more of it because it was such a good score when it was good. I enjoyed Mulan. I think people will enjoy it too if, again, you have some experience with Chinese cinema. If you never watched one before, you are going to be a little bit out to lunch. But I think it's a good way to introduce you to it. I would recommend it because there really are some good Chinese action cinema films out there. In the end, I'm going to give Mulan a 4 out of 7. It doesn't come anywhere close to the animated feature. That's something that's undeniable. It doesn't get anywhere close to it. But it still does a decent reinterpretation of the original tale as well as the animated film. And it doesn't pander. Anyways, guys, that's all for me. I hope you enjoyed this video. If you did, leave a like. And if you're interested in more, subscribe. Otherwise, see you guys next time. Thanks for watching the video. My name is Nitz. And you might remember me from the animated cult classic TV show, Undergrads. It's been a while, but I'm happy to say the click is finally getting back together in an all-new movie, thanks to a successful Kickstarter campaign. But we are still asking for your support. To see any and all updates about the upcoming Undergrads movie, be sure to check out and like the Bring Back Undergrads Facebook page. And with any luck, we'll see you guys soon.


hello everybody and welcome back to my video log channel again so here we are here we are here we are this is a little bit excited about actually see what these are like more than the other day of eBay and this is here it doesn't it doesn't have the current rating and it has the rated voltage 100 to 240 volts working temperature 20 60c Wi-Fi 2.4 gigs and AC frequency 50 60 so there's four pieces there but I don't think there's four pieces in here now it does say four pieces doesn't this is strange I'm going to presume it works well I don't know what it's gonna work with but this will work with Amazon or with Alexa and I look for pieces but there's a little bit different I've already got some of these yeah this is green so and I've already got some of these but the difference with these ones is you have an app or you can use Alexa you know to turn them off or Google turn them off but the thing that makes these a bit different to the other ones that I have because I use them because I the behind my speakers is where they suck it connects a cable thing is for my amplifier and so I just tell Alexa to she didn't respond to turn on and off the preamp and the power amp and that's great that is absolutely great but these are slightly different these do the same thing but they've got built-in power meters as you get to see the amount of power that you're using which is great right and so what we're gonna do is I'm gonna get the get my phone onto this oh I'm using the phone so I'll have to do a bit of a jump-cut on that get my phone onto this and get the app in here so we can see then because I want one of these on my bench so because it's supposed to be 16 amps I'm pretty sure I mean it says here 16 amps but we have a look always has a rated current on the back here as well also says that that's gonna be 16 amps that's good yeah and so I can then just be lazy and just say you know that magic word and turn the bench off I'll just call it the bench Alexa Alexa which is lit up now but it's alright turn the bench off then she'll say okay and all the power will go off on the bench meaning I mean I do even things on a course but like all the power going through their things will go off on the bench so let's just do a little jump cut then and let me get this thing no in actual fact that's not gonna work like that is it how am I gonna show you it if I do it like that so I don't need to do that let's just grab all of my tablet and I do it from there okay is it on goodness so we'll do a jump cut to it being powered on yeah that's the tablet I got it's an old one but I love it it still does everything I needed to so let's have a look let's say we can do this thing so I've got a speedy B thing on here I don't know if I know how to do this I think there might be something in here saying scan QR code here we go it's gonna tell me in actual fact straight away that it's no good because there we go and I think that's because I need to have no Wi-Fi on I can turn my location off I suppose we've got the Wi-Fi on and probably have to do that again now okay so we're gonna open the link Google play lovely oh 4.7 and you get to see on here look straight away about this smart home dietary management weight management what nerves going on in it's supposed to be powerful yeah let's just install that I'll sign in to continue V sync right let's just get rid of this we'll just go through the app sometimes it's just the easier to go like this V ES Y N K V E sync V E sync there we go let's go on to the app oh oh here we are 4.4 I was looking at that thing then I wish you wouldn't do that but no mind suppose it's one thing to keep you keep you on your toes isn't it it's a 119 megabyte this might be quite slow so I'm just gonna skip forward hey it's installing okay don't key so let's do it now let's see what we got upgrade your home by transforming it into a fully connected smart home with V sync now of course I want to be able to use this with Google as well so I'm hoping it's gonna do that sign up or log in don't you just hate doing all this signing up and logging into stuff right let me quick do that then okay so we're done our little sign-up thing there and we're gonna add a device so we're gonna do a electricity Wi-Fi outlet smart plug nearby devices go to settings I presume this is gonna be a Bluetooth thing maybe position nearby devices why not enable the access to click click enable access turn on Bluetooth we're gonna turn on the Bluetooth then allow turn on some Bluetooth now allow location turn on location services clicks location data to scan nearby Wi-Fi networks and connect to your device bag one and why not while using the app turn on local services location services I presume that's not already is it I'll go over your location yep okay so that would be nice we just get rid of that get rid of that get rid of that and go back to that we can get rid of that as well sorry you're watching me do my cleaning up right no devices found so let's see if I can just stick that like that I'm gonna plug in a device and get this and as far as I know he's supposed to just hold this in the side or it might just come up straight away but we'll soon see yeah it's flashing straight away so it should be looked like sorry found it I just plugged it in connecting your device now because this is gonna go through the Wi-Fi yeah this is something that I need to I need to get this permissions now with this Mac address and stuff through my router so I'm gonna do a jump cut for that I'm just gonna do the one now I'm gonna do a jump cut now to give the permissions good I'll log into my router okay guys so it's what you need to bear in mind when you do this is one you need to set up through your router of course and you also need to have the device and your router and whatever you're setting up with pretty pretty close to each other so that so that will work so now I've done that it says your device is all set to go ahead and try it out so I'm gonna say okay there we got a third-party app so I'm gonna use Alexa and what's it say here connect the various sync devices to Alexa for hands-free control sync your data to Alexa for quick search yep maybe add this with Alexa what's this thing here how much do I weigh today how much I wasn't even doing anything so that what they're trying to say oh connect maybe that's where we go to right now I need to sign in with my Amazon thing let me just move out the way for that okay so now we got a I've got a message come through my phone now to tell me that someone's just tried to sign into my account v-sync would like to access Alexa we're gonna say hello allow no Alexa no alarm no alarm cancel the alarm no alarm has been said no alarm has been said just going off her rocker all right so we can we can see now what we get here so we got voltage energy in kilowatts and power in watts that's pretty cool down the bottom here we can schedule we got a timer inching don't know what that means and away inching what is this inching mean all right so inching mode means each time the device is turned on it will automatically turn off after a period of operation that's pretty cool isn't it what else we got timer what's this away thing so all right so you can turn things on and off while you're away that's pretty cool and because you can access this through data as well you know the whole Alexa thing and everything you can access it you can switch it on and off while you're out all right so let's plug something in now what can I plug in I've I've got it plugged in to a phone charger but it's on one of those C charger things and I don't what's this gone this is eighty-four percent plug this in the bottom here let's see what happens I plugged it on and we're gonna turn on okay and we can see the voltage I try and do this in such a way now that the light isn't completely there we go so we got our voltage I'm not sure if we're charging or not all power 2.1 watts up there and then we'll have the energy every time so now I should be able to say Alexa turn off the bench okay I had the darkened cloak let's have a look at the side yep the little blue lights gonna out there we go so it takes a little bit of time before it comes on here so Alexa turn on the bench okay by the way I'm still learning about your plug is it connected to a light no it's just connected to a phone charger at the moment okay if you decide to connect this plug to a light you can change its settings in the Alexa app okie-dokie thank you it's weird isn't it talking to Alexa power 7.6 watts now going into this and yeah so that's the little bit of difference here with that so what we got here device name the bench the icon is that voice commands Alexa turn off Alexa turn on device info power monitoring settings so energy saving mode power protection mode always take that out of euros and we're going to put this into great British pounds now to be something that can show you what it's going to be costing you which is what I believe this can do cost per kilowatt here we go so now I can put in my cost per kilowatt and if I remember rightly now because I've just moved from British gas for my electricity and gas to Scottish power I'm now saving myself four per unit and six per day just on the electricity so I'm going to go for 31 pence so that should be a 0.31 a unit so we can say okay with that and now this should not only be just telling me it should be giving me my costs or what it's going to be actually costing me to be running this so I'll be able to keep it on what my bench cost me visit I will the main bench cable comes in and starts connecting up to it all spurs off this one big four-way eight-way adapter switchable and then it comes on to some other adapters which plug-in this section this section of stuff on one and then I got my heating stuff you know the soldier lines and that on another and lighting on another and for doing the charging that's up there it's actually up there on the bench that's another one but from the main plug going into the wall that's where I'm going to put this the bench unit and I should hopefully be able to yes keep an arm while it's actually costing as well so share device what else we share but not shared with the users yet invite users no thank you we go back to the power monitoring settings what else we got energy saving mode power protection mode energy saving mode turns off your device when your maximum power consumption is reached all right power protection mode turns off your device when it falls below or exceeds your chosen power setting so can I put that all right okay exceed power setting so I can get this then let's say what we got here one to 350,000<PHONE_NUMBER> watts 3.5 kilowatts I can say then if it goes above let's say 300 watts then that would show you an issue on the bench possibly and for it to switch off which wouldn't be very handy really especially if all the lights are connected to it but hey that's a feature there energy saving mode maximum power consumption so yes if I get up to a certain amount of power I've used let's say I only want to use maximum one kilowatt a day then it can turn it off but I'm not gonna put that into play now we can just have a little bit of a peek at the power I had to do a little bit of a junk cut for a day or two just because we don't know you know what the actual power is doing on there so at the minute it's saying it's using 72 watts which is the entire bench because it's now plugged in to the bench and that's what we're using I've got the video editor on the go and stuff so that's why it's got so much power there being used but now we get to see where our power is being used so you can see Friday which was the day I started the video you had to use anything 0.0009 kilowatts that's nothing really is it and then yesterday 0.1605 kilowatts and then today we're using a bit more today which is a 0.208 kilowatts so say you find that and down the bottom of there get your weekly total so far how much it's cost me which is 11 pence the daily average but we can't we don't we can't work out the daily average so we got like a week there at least come on and at the top you've got that month you know year even so yeah that's that's pretty good that's for all right that just puts us back into that mode I'm just gonna say okay to all that and then I'm just going backwards to go back out I've not used anything else yet the schedule or timer or the inching just don't seem to be needing that at the moment so there we go this is a new type or at least to me and maybe to you guys I've been able to watch the power if you want to switch on and off obviously from you know using Alexa or using the actual tablet here on your phone and then connected to a network by your data on your phone or the Wi-Fi on the tablet depends how you've got yours connected up but you still can do it like that and I think that's pretty good I think that's pretty good I don't think now I'm gonna bother buying any more of the because this is the same price I think that probably about an extra 15 or 20 pence I can't remember but what do I pay for these I think I paid about 17 pounds for two so what's that work out to be 8.50 each 8.50 each to just be able to switch them on and off I mean I know that seems a bit silly really why would you want to pay 8.50 for an adapter but look you can switch them on and off and you can also see exactly what's drawing what current so let's say I put this one for my TV my bedroom at least that night I can just tell my echo thing in there like turn the tally off yeah and it just switches off just as I'm falling asleep you fall in asleep I echo turn the tally off and it all goes off brilliant anyway that's that for that guys and I'll catch you in the next one bye for now


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we discussed the following question which says if the ratio of the interior angle to the exterior angle of a regular polygon is 7 is to 2, find the number of sides of the polygon. First of all we have each interior angle of a regular polygon of n sides is equal to 2n-4 upon n right angles and also each exterior angle of a regular polygon of n sides is equal to 4 upon n right angles. This is the key idea that we use for this question. Let's proceed with the solution now. Now according to the question we have ratio of the interior angle of a regular polygon to the exterior angle of a regular polygon. This is given as 7 is to 2 also from the key idea we have interior angle of a regular polygon is to the exterior angle of a regular polygon is equal to 2n-4 upon n right angles is to 4 upon n right angles. Thus we have 2n-4 upon n right angles is to 4 upon n right angles is equal to 7 is to 2. This means we have 2n-4 upon n into 90 degrees upon 4 upon n into 90 degrees is equal to 7 upon 2. Now 90 degree cancels with 90 degree n cancels with n and we are left with 2n-4 upon 4 is equal to 7 upon 2. Now for the cross multiplying we get 2 multiplied by 2n-4 the whole is equal to 7 multiplied by 4 that is we now have 4n-8 is equal to 28. This gives us 4n is equal to 28 plus 8 that is we now have 4n is equal to 36. Now for the value of n we divide both sides by 4. Now this 4 cancels with 4 and 4 9 times is 36 therefore we get n equal to 9. Thus the number of sides of the polygon is equal to 9. So this is our final answer. This completes the session hope you understood the solution of this question.


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This study examined changes in land cover and rainfall in the upper Gilgel Abbey catchment in the upper Blue Nile basin, from 1973 to 2005. The results showed that 50.9% of the catchment area was covered by forest in 1973, but only 16.7% in 2001. This significant decrease in forest cover is primarily due to the expansion of agricultural land. Additionally, the study found that rainfall in the catchment had decreased significantly since 1973, with the exception of the wet season months of June, July and August. Furthermore, the study also found that the annual flow of the catchment had decreased by 12.1%, while low-flow and high-flow indices had decreased by 18.1% and 66.6%, respectively, between 1982 and 2000, and 2001 and 2005. These findings suggest that land cover change and reduced rainfall have led to a decrease in stream flow in the upper Gilgel Abbey catchment. This article was authored by THM Reanges, A.T. Highly, E. Cabetta, and others.


Hello everyone! Welcome back to our channel. I hope you all are safe and sound. In some of our previous projects, we have used smartphones to control our home appliances via either text commands or voice commands. In this video, we will make a project in VictorBlocks to control the appliances using speech recognition technology, one of the many cool applications of artificial intelligence. We will make a small setup of bedroom in VictorBlocks and control the appliance sprite using the voice commands. Hello, I am your AI assistant. What do you want me to do today? Turn the lights on. Switching on the lights. Pre-requisites are a laptop or a computer with latest version of VictorBlocks downloaded, a camera and a good internet connection. You can download the all-new VictorBlocks from the link given in the description box below. Let's begin by adding the artificial intelligence extension. Click on the board button and select if I from the list. While working with the AI and MN extensions, you need to keep two things in mind. First, you need to sign in or log in into VictorBlocks account from here. Your computer needs to be connected to the internet. Now click on the add extension button and select the artificial intelligence extension from the list. We'll even make our AI assistant speak up. Thus, we'll add the text to speech extension from the extension library. Now before writing the script, we will set up the scene of the room in VictorBlocks. We have already added up a few sprites and have set up the background. Simply download the SB3 file from the link given in the description box below. Once you have downloaded the file and have opened it in VictorBlocks, we will now start writing the script for each and every sprite. We will be controlling three sprites. First, fan, second lamp and third, the radio. Abby will be our virtual AI assistant. Let's first write the script for Abby. We'll make Abby ask the user what does the user want to do and then perform the actions accordingly. To execute the program as soon as the green flag is clicked, place when flag clicked HUD block from the events palette. As you can see that the Abby is standing in the center of the stage. Let's shift her to the right hand side of the stage. Thus use go to XY block from the motion palette and write 197 in X and minus 73 in the Y. Now let's set the size of HUD to 80% of the original. Thus use the set size to block from the looks palette and write 80 in the space given. We will make Abby speak thus let's give her the voice. Place set voice to block from the text to speech extension and choose L2 from the drop down. Let's first introduce Abby to users. Thus drag and drop C block from the looks palette and write hello I am Abby your AI assistant. To make her say the text place a speak block and copy the above sentence into the white space given. Now place a forever block to run the script continuously. We need Abby to ask the user what do they need to do to placate these blocks and write what do you want me to do today in both the space given. We first need to recognize the speech from the user. Thus from the artificial intelligence palette drag and drop the recognize speech for block and choose five from the first drop down to keep how long do we recognize speech from the user. Now the speech is recognized but is not stored in the block. It is stored in the speech recognition result block. Now we'll match the speech from the user to the text we have added. Thus place an effects block from the controls palette. Now to compare the recognized speech and the command place a contain operator block from the operator's palette. This block is used to check whether the user has spoken the phrase written in the space or not. Place the speech recognition result in the first input. We will first turn the lights on. Thus write lights on in the second space of the contain block. As soon as the lights on speech is recognized we will make Abby say switching on the lights. Thus place the say and the speak block below the if arm. To turn on the light we will make a broadcast block and write new message as lights on. Now we want to turn the light off. Thus duplicate the if else block and place it into the else arm. Replace all the ons with the ops. Now we will make our fan turn on and off. Thus duplicate the above nested if else arm and place it into the else arm. Into the duplicated else arm replace all the light word with fan. Again to turn the radio on and off we will duplicate the last two if else arms and place it into the else arm. Replace fan with radio. Now if the commands by the user does not match any of the above commands we need Abby to say sorry didn't get you please try again. Thus play the say and the speak blocks for the same. Now the script for Abby is done. Let's try the script to make each and every appliance work as soon as the command is given. Let's first see what to do with the lamp light sprite. Click on the lamp sprite. We will first initialize the looks and the position of the lamp sprite as soon as the green flag is clicked. Thus place a wind flag click hat block. From the looks palette use the set size to block and set its size to 50 percent. Add switch the costume to block and choose lamp light animation from the drop down. Now to set the initial position use the go to XY block from the motion palette and write minus 27 in X and 28 in Y. Now we need the lamp to light up as soon as we command lights on. Thus place a when I receive broadcast block and choose lights on from the drop down. Place switch costume to block from the looks palette and choose lamp light animation to from the drop down. This will glow up the lampshade. Now we even want the room to lighten up as soon as the lights are on. Thus go to the backdrop. Let's first initially set the brightness of the room. Thus place a when flag click hat block. From the looks palette using the set brightness effect to block set it to minus 10. Now to lighten up the room place a when I receive a broadcast block and choose lights on from the drop down. Using the set brightness effect to block set the brightness to 20. Now let's go back to the lamp sprite to write script for what happens when we turn the lamp off. Duplicate these blocks and choose lights off from the first drop down and lamp light animation from the second drop down. Finally we need to turn the room dark as soon as we command lights off. Thus let's go to backdrop and duplicate this block. Choose lights off from the first drop down and write minus 10 in the space here. With this our script for the lamp is complete. Let's move on to make the fan rotate. Go to the fence sprite. We will first initialize the looks and the position of the fence sprite as soon as the flag is clicked. Thus place a when flag clicked hat block. From the looks palette using the set size to block set its size to 70%. The switch costume to block and choose fan from the drop down. Now to set the initial position use go to XY block from the motion palette and write 66 in X and 141 in the Y. Now we need the lamp to light up as soon as we command fan on. Thus place a when I receive broadcast block and choose fan on from the drop down. Now we want the fan to rotate as still we command it to stop. Thus place a repeat until block from the controls palette. Drag and drop and equal to block inside it. Place speech recognition result in the first input and write fan off in the second. To make fan look like it is rotating we will switch its costume one after another. Place a next costume block from the looks palette and add a weight of 0.001 seconds. Now let's write script to stop the fan. Duplicate the above block and choose fan off from the drop down and remove all the blocks. Now place a switch costume to block below the hat block and stop the rotation of the fan. With this the script to control the fan is complete. Finally let's write the script to turn the radio on and off. Go to the radius sprite. Similar to the fan and the lamp sprite we will first initialize its look and the position. Thus place a when flag clicked hat block from the looks palette using the set size to block set its size to 70% and switch the costume to radio A. Now to set initial position use the go to XY block from the motion palette and write minus 163 in X and minus 78 in Y. We want the radio to play spiderman song or the song of your choice. Thus place a when I receive broadcast hat block and choose radio on from the drop down. Now we want the music to stop as soon as we command it to stop. Thus place a repeat until block from the controls palette. Drag and drop an equal to block inside it. Place speech recognition result in the first input and write radio off in the second. To add the spiderman song go to the sound tab. From the sound library choose the spiderman song. From the sound palette drag and drop the play sound until done and choose spiderman song from the drop down. Now we need to change the costume of the radio to make it look like it is playing. Duplicate this block and remove the play sound block. Place next costume block from the looks palette and to make it look like it is changing place the wait block of 0.1 seconds. With this your script is ready. Hello, I am your AI assistant. What do you want me to do today? Turn the lights on. Switching on the lights. What do you want me to do today? Turn the fan on. Switching on the fan. What do you want me to do today? Turn the radio on. Switching on the radio. What do you want me to do today? Switching off the lights. What do you want me to do? Using the similar concept you can control actual appliances using picture blocks. Don't forget to share it with us in our picture blocks community on Facebook. Also, if you like this video, give it a thumbs up and subscribe to Follow us on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. Bye bye, stay safe.


I thank all of you to giving me this opportunity to share some of my thoughts with all the participants. First and foremost, let me welcome all of you to this important workshop. It is important not only because it deals with an important subject of signals and systems, but also because under our T10KT program is the first workshop which had more than 10,000 teachers actually registering for the workshop. I do not know what the current attendance is, but probably it is more than 9,500 which is a very good thing. All of you are familiar already from the material that you have seen on the web and the notices how this training program runs. It is a two week program, actually 10 working days with only one holiday in between that is Sunday. I am aware that all of you have sacrificed a whole lot of important activities at your own places. Many of you would already have colleges running their next semester. However, I would like to request you to be very serious and sincere in attending all sessions of this workshop. I am constrained to emphasize this because in the past there have been instances in our previous workshop for example where the teachers, particularly those who work at the same college which is the remote center were required to participate in some other urgent activities of that college and were unable to attend regularly the workshop. Please note that your respective college managements have specifically stipulated that you are being freed completely for this workshop and therefore I request you to spend the entire time in attending the workshop sessions. All of you have been either teaching signals in systems or have studied it. So it is not that the material that is being covered is completely new to you. But what is new probably is the style in which that material is covered, the style in which the problems are solved, the problems are discussed and perhaps a little bit of the IIT style of pedagogy on how a subject is talked to the students. Something which I am sure all of you will benefit from when you complete this workshop and subsequently try and teach this subject in your colleges. Sorry for beginning with a stern note but I hope you appreciate when I say that unless each one of us participates in such training workshops with full seriousness and sincerity, the net effect of the workshop can be much less than what it ought to be. Each one of us after all benefits not only while listening to experts such as Professor Somna Sengupta and Professor Vikram Gadri but also from the interaction that I have with my own fellow colleague participating teachers from the remote center, from the remote center workshop coordinator etc. This has been a unique experiment. It is worthwhile to briefly mention that when I started the synchronous distance education program in IIT Bombay, planning started in 1998 and we actually launched it in 2000, 2001. The ambition was to connect face to face a large number of people across the country so that we can work together, interact together and learn from each other. Slowly it morphed into a teacher's training program. We started with 1000 teachers at the beginning with about 20 to 25 remote centers. Today we have about 330 active remote centers with another 150 remote center spending. Out of all these, about 250 to 260 participate in any workshop. Last year when we changed the scale of this workshop to 10,000 teachers, many were a bit worried whether this is doable. We ourselves had some concerns but fortunately thanks to the cooperation of all the remote centers, their coordinators, workshop coordinators and of course the faculty, we have successfully implemented this program. I am very proud to say that thanks to all your backing, this is the largest ever synchronous training program that is running anywhere in the world and we are very happy that a large number of colleague teachers across the country are benefiting from this program. So I conclude this part by stating again, please allocate the adequate amount of seriousness and sincerity to this workshop exactly the same as you would expect from your own students when they attend your classes. Continuing on the stern note, I would like to request one more aspect of our lives on which we all need to be very careful about and that is academic ethics. You will wonder why I am taking this opportunity to speak on academic ethics. After all all of us are familiar with the requirements but it is worthwhile for each one of us to remind oneself of how I must conduct myself in all my academic activities so that I hopefully become a role model not only to my students but also to my colleagues. We generally relate academic ethics to the acts of copying and avoiding such instances. Equally important are acts of plagiarism where we are tempted to copy some material from some published work published by someone else, cut and paste it in our own submissions and claim that submission to be our own. These temptations usually arise when we are preparing some research papers to be sent for publication either in a conference or in a journal. It is not always that we do it with an intention of copying but sometimes we do it because we are unable to paraphrase the work of others in our own words. Let me tell you that this is considered an academically criminal activity and this must be avoided at all costs. Again this is not a research workshop but I do expect that many of you who work in signals and systems for example may be continuing your research work in that direction either doing your M.E. projects or working towards your PhD. If you are already a PhD you might be guiding some research students. It is very very important that you emphasize this ethical requirement to your students, your colleagues and to yourself. Please understand that our students watch us every day. They watch each activity that we do. They may be shy enough or not bold enough to say something directly to us but they are as sensitive and intelligent as we were when we were students. They are as observant as we were and we are. Please remember that whatever we do our students and other colleagues know exactly what we are doing and it is therefore very important that we be upright, we be always correct and we therefore become a role model for others so that the others will feel yes this is the way the academic life should be. Plagiarism is not necessarily limited to only copying somebody else's work and putting it as one's work. Let me give you a curious example. If in a question paper that I said I repeat a question which was said by a colleague of mine 2 years ago there is also plagiarism. If I repeat a question from a paper which I had myself said that also is a plagiarism that is a self-plagiarism. Basically these kind of instances happen because we do not feel that it is necessary and important for us to spend adequate time in constructing good new problems from an examination. Later on when I speak about the massive online courses the reason for my stating this fact will become apparent to you. So please understand that timely attendance in a workshop like this is equivalent of saying that you expect all your students to show up in time for your classes. Listening to all the sessions carefully and doing all your labs with seriousness amounts to you are subsequently saying that all your students must apply their minds to the problem that you solve in the class, the lectures that you give in the labs that you conduct with the same seriousness and sincerity. This is exactly what I mean so please note that broadly the topic of ethics covers the entire gamut of our academic behavior from small time things like starting a lecture exactly at 8.30 when it is supposed to start at 8.30 and not even at 8.31 is an important aspect of academic ethical behavior in my opinion. Having said this I will now come to another important topic in fact a topic on which I seek your considered feedback and this topic is on this topic is massive online open courses or MOOCs. Most of you would have heard the term MOOCs some of you may not have so let me explain what these are. You are all familiar with online tutorials, online e-learning material, online e-learning courses etcetera etcetera. In last 2 years such courses are being offered in an extremely organized way end to end from registration to actual certification to a large number of participants across the world by a few people. Mostly these few people are not individuals but have formed themselves into company. Three companies which are well known to have offered such MOOCs are one is called Coursera which originated in Stanford the other is called Udacity which also originated in Stanford but it is a sort of independent company whereas Coursera is run by 2 professors of Stanford. The third is EDX which originated in MIT and Stanford MIT and Harvard. The courses which are offered under these headings of under the banner of these 3 companies cover the major courses in engineering and humanities and arts. These are offered by the most renowned professors of the top universities of the world and the courses have caught the imagination of a large number of learners across the group not necessarily students alone but even professionals and other learners. It is not uncommon to have more than 100,000, 200,000 participants registering for a massive online open course from these companies. Just to complete the information about MOOCs in India IIT Bombay has taken a lead to offer MOOCs in collaboration with one of the three companies which is EDX of MIT. Three of our courses in fact will be offered from July onwards this year and two more will come in due course of time. I do expect that Professor Somnath Sengupta and Professor Vikram Gadre would offer the signals and systems course directly to the participating students across the group. There are a couple of problems about the way in which the MOOCs are presently offered. The course is completely online, the lectures are video recorded, participants listen to these lectures, then attempt quizzes and questions online, they give all exams online. In fact they never come face to face with anybody. Technically I can study a subject entirely sitting at home interacting on the computer with the professor who is offering the course with the teaching associates whom the professor has gathered and more importantly with the large chunk of these 1, 2 lakh participants who are participating in this course. I have some reservations about how effective these MOOCs could be in the present form in which they offered. As I said they are offered completely online. This causes two problems. One is that if there is a student from our regular university system who registers for one such course, the student also has to do his own examination for that course in the normal university system. Consequently the student is taught between either doing this course well or that course well and often gives up. That is one of the reasons why the completion rate in these MOOCs is hardly 5 to 10 percent for courses with large enrollment. The second and more serious problem is that the MOOCs in their present form completely disintermediate the entire university system. You do not need a college, you do not need a university, you do not need anything just the internet. Of course one positive aspect of this is the best course from the best professor in the world becomes extremely inexpensive. Consider the kind of tuition fees that our students are required to pay today for let us say engineering education. Per course fee if you calculate it would still amount to a large sum. Most of the courses currently are being given free in the terms of U.S. and European economy. The certified courses would not cost more than 50 dollars or 100 dollars. However while they become inexpensive they disrupt a very very important activity which is part of our education system and that is the group activity. When I as a student attend a course let us say in Coimbatore I am not just listening to the lectures given by my teacher but I participate in discussions. I benefit from the answers given by my teacher to another student to ask a question. I work together with my colleagues students to solve problems, discuss problems. I do sometimes course projects which are given by my teacher locally. In short I learn a large amount of my knowledge from such group activities. MOOCs being completely online remove this group activity totally. I have suggested a blended model of MOOCs to be adopted. In this blended model the regular students do only the MOOCs course and their universities agree that whatever grade they get in the MOOCs will be adopted by the university. So, that students do not have to do double work. In addition I have suggested that the teachers in the local colleges should use the flip classroom model. The flip classroom model says that I would not waste my time in delivering lectures. The lectures are prerecorded either my lectures or somebody else's lectures. Students are supposed to listen to those lectures before coming to the classroom and the classroom engagement is entirely devoted to discretion session problems solving session. Many of my colleagues have used this model in IIT itself and some sister institutions have tried it with great success. In fact the feedback uniformly is that the students learn much more because they get far more time. The teachers who have contributed to this flip classroom model say that they are now able to spend more time and attention to let us say weaker students who need hand holding because now they can talk to them one on one since they do not have to waste their time in lecture. They can also challenge the smarter students by giving them more difficult problems so that their learning goes one step up. It is this flip classroom model that I suggest where the teachers in the local colleges spend their entire engagement time in discussions, problem solving, explanations, hand holding, mentoring. I have written a series of papers and given a series of talks on this blended model. It is likely to be adopted by University grants commission NAICT and on a pilot basis this blended model may be implemented in some of the universities and affiliated colleges which will accept this model from coming semester. The reason I considered spending some time describing this is I want your feedback on what you feel about the entire MOOCs and the blended model approach. Of course I do not want you to be judgmental only on the basis of what I have just shared with you. For your benefit I am uploading latest version of my thoughts which will be appearing as an invited talk in an international conference. You can consider to be a pre-pinned. It will be uploaded on the moodle by third evening. I would request you to get it downloaded, may be get it printed, spend about an hour reading it. There are a set of questions on which I seek your feedback. Those questions are also included in that write up. Please read those through those questions. Record your opinions on pencil and on the moodle please give your feedback. I request you to give this feedback on sixth or seventh. I think by sixth evening if you can complete that feedback session I would request the course organizers to kindly provide a lap time to conduct this feedback. This is not an examination so people can give this feedback as and when they are free. Why it is important for me to get this feedback from you is because the University grants commission has appointed a subcommittee to finally take a call on whether to recommend acceptance of MOOCs at least for some courses for the regular engineering examination and the final meeting of that subcommittee is going to happen in IIT Mumbai on eleventh of March. I would like to present the feedback received from 10,000 teachers which will be actually a very very useful feedback for all of us to consider. I will not take much longer. I think I already exceeded the time that was given to me but I would like to still take one minute on coming back to the main theme of this workshop which is signals and systems. Contrary to popular belief we say that I am actually a computer science professor dealing with information systems, databases and so on. Like all of you I was actually a signal processing person in the early days of my career. When I was working towards my PLD and working also as a teacher I had the fortunate privilege of developing the first digital signal processing course in IIT Bombay jointly with my guru Professor Kekre and my colleague Professor Sastra Bundy. At that time there was only one book, Gold and Radar which was published in 1968. Two more books appeared I think in early 70s. One was Oppenheim and Schaffer and what was, well Oppenheim and Schaffer is what I remember and Rabin and Gold and Rabin. Curiously later in 1985 Oppenheim gave a course in digital signal processing under the open course where in IIT and the entire video recording and the complete course material is still available on the web. Although the technology has advanced significantly and the way the digital signal processing is done today is completely different than how it was done in old days. At the cost of some additional time I will tell you an exciting experience. A student of mine who later became a colleague Dr. Sunil Sherlecker was writing a paper for an IEEE contest. It was based on a research that we are jointly doing on identifying certain parameters of ECG signals. In those days we used to get the ECG signals as printed strips from our hospital. We had to hand sample those signals then we had to punch cars to put that data in, put those punch cars on our famous Russian EC-1030 machine to get the analysis done. In fact one of my colleagues Riley commented that by the time you predict that there is a heart problem the patient would die. Fortunately the signal processing of modern times is completely different. I will tell you one more thing. The two people who are conducting this course Professor Somnath Sen Gupta and Professor Vikram Gadre are amongst the best known experts in the country on this subject and perhaps some of the best known experts globally. I am very glad that you will be benefiting from their lectures, the material that they have put together. You already know that we intend to put all the learning material in open source so that all of you and your students can use that in future. Just remember one thing signal processing or signals and systems like any other subject is not something which is confined to one course however exciting and however great that course may be. There is a whole lot of material including old background material including new thing that is happening that continue to happen and therefore apart from studying this material well I request you to keep your eyes and ears open on the new research that is constantly being done. Keep on adopting and keep on improving your own knowledge so that your students become better signals and systems people. Thank you very much.