Now, I'll also introduce the discussant for this session, Anna-Lena Oppo, who's a Leave Her Hume fellow at the LSE. And her work focuses on inequality, perceptions, redistributive preferences, and social protection in the Global South. And she's also a former focal point of the Government Revenue Dataset Project at UNU Wider, which I think is why we're here. So Anna-Lena, you'll have about 10 minutes. And then we'll get some responses from the panelist. And then we'll open the floor to questions after that. Thank you for the introduction, Kyle. And thank you, everyone, for these very interesting presentations and for this session. I think I agree with Christian on what he said in the beginning, the value or the importance of the perspective on data, which underpins a lot of the research that we heard about it, and policy analysis and advice. OK. So we had these two presentations that primarily focused on the data project. And then one that was a bit more applied, telling us a story that is very important and interesting. And what I also really liked about the presentations that we see in that, we understand sort of that these data collection processes are also facilitators of a lot of collaborations and partnerships. So on the first presentation, made by Christian, on the tax expenditure, I was one of the people in the room who had to get a clear definition of what tax expenditure is. So thank you for that. And what I also found very interesting is what you mentioned in the beginning, that it can work as an important incentive for certain policy goals, right? You mentioned, for example, the link to climate change and so forth. So that was very interesting for me to see as well. What I wanted to ask, if you can give us some further reflections on the distributional effects of tax expenditure in terms of direct and indirect benefits. Who's benefiting? Who's missing out? And also, you mentioned that you want to have a rational use or promote a rational use of tax expenditures. So I was wondering if you can give us more thoughts on what rational means in that context. And then I took some notes where I have to think about what I meant. In terms of, oh, yeah, I found it very interesting when you spoke about the universal benchmark as well, sort of as almost a non-positivist approach of seeing all the catalogs, what can be taxed, as in other contexts that's not even on the radar. And hence, it's not accounted for. So I was wondering if there is also a rationale to have this kind of like, it almost reminded me of the tax effort debate on all the possible types of taxes that you could have and why they are not relevant in other contexts. So perhaps there is some reflections or merits to talk about this. And on the data, I wanted to ask when there's only aggregate data, is that a matter of reporting or is it a matter of politics as well or both? So just interested in whether there's also sort of like an incentive to keep some information covered, let's say. Thank you, Evgenia, also for the presentation as a non-tax expert. I cannot give you a lot of technical input or questions, but I really liked the global minimum tax so that was also something that I wasn't familiar with. And what I also found very interesting and when you showed that the size of the cake as in tax revenue is still increasing, it's just the composition that changes, right? Which of course raises important questions on the tax burden, who benefits, right? In terms of profit shifting, I also wanted, as a sort of like outsider to this field is like where do they typically shift to? I mean obviously in terms of places where they're not taxed as highly or sort of who stands to benefit from this as well. And I was thinking if there is a link as well in terms of like say the global minimum tax would sort of be a remedy for this disincentivizing this behavior if there's a dialogue to be held between you and Christian on the tax expenditure sort of as a tool of setting incentives, right? And on the last presentation what I really liked as well is like seeing sort of that link between data research and policy and practice, the partnership it builds, the workshops that are held like linked to these data collection efforts. Having worked a little bit on data harmonization, I know how tedious it can be. And sometimes it almost seems a little bit like an artificial process that is mainly geared to like ticking the same boxes. So I was wondering if you have also in these consultations if you have like some element of this pick and choose or trying to kind of sanitize also some certain maybe political elements of like making it fit and what information may get lost. And similar to what Christian introduced with the transparency index, I was wondering if it makes also sense to have that sort of in terms of incentivize better reporting perhaps, but maybe I'm too idealistic. And I think yeah that the last question I think is on the last slide, which is a little bit maybe more on the content if you have any insights as to why tax revenues have stagnated in the time period that you've been looking at sort of. Yeah, thank you to the presenters and then I'll leave the rest of the time for the floor. There any questions which you will moderate, right? Okay, so yeah, if the panelists want to just sort of go one by one and respond to those remarks and then we will open the questions up to the floor and if there's any online as well. Thanks for your comments. Regarding the distributional effects of tax expenditures, as I have said evaluations on tax expenditures are rare actually. What we see is that in most cases where evaluations take place that tax incentives tend to be more regressive in their distributional impact than progressive. This said there are some tax expenditures as for instance the income tax credit in the United States and similar measure in the UK that have a progressive impact with regard to income and also with regard to employment. So it's difficult to give a universal picture but quite often actually tax expenditures that do not aim at having a distributional impact but aim at promoting growth or incentivizing investment or promoting certain types of behavior do this by having also a regressive impact on it. And this leads me to the question that you asked about the rational use of tax expenditures. From our perspective, a rational use of tax expenditures would be able to answer two key questions. One question is is the tax expenditure under review effective in terms of reaching their stated goals and of also not having undesired side effects? And is it superior compared to other types of public policy tools in particular direct spending? And you have governments that include these types of questions in their pre-assessments of tax expenditure. So when you want to set up a tax expenditure you have a certain record of guiding questions in the Netherlands and Ireland for instance where these questions are being asked and we have to provide some type of evidence with regard to that. Universal benchmark, it's a very nice question also sitting next to OECD. It's important institution when it comes to setting up and seeing through international standards. It's not likely that in the near future we will have a universal benchmark. There are certain initiatives of having regional benchmarks. ECOVAS for instance in West Africa is promoting, I'm sorry, East Africa is promoting or is it West Africa? West Africa, sorry. It's promoting this type of regional harmonization with regard to benchmarks. From our perspective you could have some intermediate things in the sense that you could have a joint understanding of what constitutes a benchmark measure or what constitutes a tax expenditure. To give an example, almost all countries would agree that a threshold income below which you are not taxed with a personal income tax is part of the benchmark system. So here we would say, okay, there is an international consensus on that. But with regard to reduced rates for basic goods for instance in services, we have diversity. Germany does not consider reduced VAT rates as a tax expenditure. Most other countries would do that. And it would be nice to have a joint understanding with regard to those measures as well. But there will always be some kind of variation. And the last question was if the issue of aggregate data versus detailed data is reporting or politics, reporting is politics. Setting up those reports is a political decision. Governments are transparent because they choose to be so either out of their own understanding as being a good government or because there is some kind of pressure from civil society for instance. And in this sense, if they do not provide provision level data but only aggregate data, usually it's not a data issue. It's an issue of a decision to present the data. Anna-Lena, thank you very much for your questions. Regarding the first questions, who benefits from tax burden? I mean, if corporations shift profits to tax havens or to low tax countries, what happens actually like the main beneficiaries are the owners, the shareholders of corporations and the owners of capitals. And if we speak about losses of such movement of burden, like for example to individuals, like from the research of Gabriel Zuckman and also Thomas Piketty, we see like the examples of even France, like really rich country. In 2018, it was the situation that top 10 percentage of rich people, so it's like about rich people, they paid in terms of the taxes less than the rest 90% of people. So like we speak about like poor and middle class. And the same extra situation we see in US, that's why like if it could amplify inequalities, it actually lies on the shoulders of like poor and middle class. The second question, why do they shift profits about corporations and who benefits? So as I like mentioned, they mainly shift their profits to tax havens. And as Annette, for example, mentioned today during her presentation, there is also the gravity effect that they shift to jurisdictions that are near them. So mainly, but they have like this jurisdictions with the low tax rates. About global minimum tax, would it desensitize such behavior? It's the same as about BEPS project. It could actually desensitize them, so it could actually move some of the profits from tax havens. But there is no evidence I mean now because there is no data from the notation of global minimum tax. So it's going on. But there is a set of the literature that actually simulates the global minimum tax implementation. And what it shows that in comparison with like developed countries and developing countries, developed countries could benefit more. And the reason of it is that for example, for developing economies, they rely a lot on investments and like attracting investments, especially with the special economic zones. And such a policy, global minimum tax, could actually desensitize investors like to invest in the government, like in their countries. And there was the discussion of the rate that should be implemented. So now it's like 15%. But for example, in the book by Gabriel Tsukman, he suggested like 23% if I'm not mistaken. And African countries also like suggest the level of 20% and higher. So yeah, there is a huge discussion and yeah, about global minimum tax. Thanks. Thank you very much for your comments. I think I took down two questions and forgive me if there was. I think there might have been a third, but I was already trying to think what the answer to the first one was. Please remind me if I missed one. So the first question was what information gets lost in the harmonization process? That's an excellent question. That's why I was already starting to practically think what the answer might be. And then the no less complex, but perhaps more answerable question of why tax revenues stagnated in 2010. So on the first question, absolutely, information gets lost in I suppose the first issue that we have in the harmonization is what constitutes a tax? So the OECD has a definition of tax revenues and it has also thankfully expanded and more into non-tax revenues as well. But for now the big discussion is or a common discussion with country focal point is whether or not what they might consider a tax instrument actually is a tax instrument. And because of the OECD's definition it means that some countries revenues, for example, from natural resources don't go into their tax GDP ratio which is very contentious because then they see it looks as if they're performing much worse than they would consider themselves when they look at the tax GDP ratio. So first of all, the OECD definition of taxes as compulsory, unrequited payments to general government sounds sensible but that leaves various things out. And so I'm pleased, as I say that we're now but yet non-tax revenues as well for Africa and the Asia Pacific because that allows us to get a more complete revenue picture. And so we'll continue to do so obviously. Then within when it comes to different tax types I think there are fewer discussions the discussions are perhaps a bit more straightforward because the OECD classification is for the most part very clear and it's pretty well disaggregated, it's pretty granular. So where there is perhaps disagreements with the national focal points often the national focal point may carry the day because it is up to them ultimately whether or not we publish their data. But for the most part, I think this is very, very marginal because for the most part the classification is very clear. Now, as to why tax revenues have stagnated in developing countries, well I'm going to extend the OECD as well since the global financial crisis. First of all, I think a couple of caveats to that. First is the way the tax GDP ratio is formulated. Obviously it also depends on what's happening with GDP. So if an economy grows at 10% a year and tax revenues grow at 10.1% a year it might not lead to a great jump in your tax GDP ratio but it would be unfair to say that tax revenues is stagnating, they are there, they're sort of holding fine. So it shouldn't be necessarily the case that there's been no growth in fiscal space in developing countries during the 2010s on the flip side. Of course there's interest payments have become more onerous. Actually you can easily say that fiscal space is narrow. So one of the, we look surprised at the pandemic even at the proportion of increase in tax revenues in African countries that has been eroded by the growth of debt servicing costs and it's about two thirds. So that, and that was a three time dynamic so you think it'd be even higher. And so there are these different dynamics to take into account. At the same time these averages are, you are looking at an average for 33 different countries in Africa now. There's a lot of heterogeneity, not only in the level but also in the trajectory. So a country like Togo in 2010 was a couple of percentage points beneath the African average now is a couple of percentage points above. It's been a hugely successful period for them involving a lot of reforms to tax policy, to tax administration, huge political commitment is a great story to see. On the other hand you have countries where there's been declines as a percentage, and revenues as a percentage of GDP. Often we found that this relates to mineral producers or oil producers where they had huge falls in line with falls in oil prices. Now maybe in 2021, 2022, these will pick back up but these are incredibly volatile revenues and so there's a lot going on beneath that story. I would say all that being said, persistent informality is a huge constraint on the expansion of revenues from tax sites that are currently, as we saw in that final slide on the tax structure. If you don't address informality, your PIT revenues won't grow very much in neither of those social security contributions and that hopefully has interest users and social protection researchers. And then there's also just the slow pace of economic diversification in many of the countries that are covered and so that's, I think, one of the things that you'll need while you're searching, it does so well at, it provides that big picture. It looks at revenue mobilization from the perspective of the overall diversification and development of the economy and I think that's something we should know about. And so that's it. Thanks so much. So we have somewhere between five and 10 minutes left. So at this point it would be good to take some questions. Firstly, are there any questions online? Sadly not. Do we have any questions in the room? We have two, three, four, okay. If they're brief, we could take, let's take the first two that went up, so Arhelge and yourself and then we come back. Christian's confident he can handle four questions. Thank you so much. I have first a question to again, yeah. Very interesting presentation, both interesting but still is good. I have much to learn how to do a proper presentation. My question is related to what do you have information on the sectors of these multinational companies? What sectors are most aggressive when it comes to profit shifting? And second, where are the headquarters of these multinational companies? Then I have one question to Alexander. There are now quite a number, several government revenue data sets available. You have the IMF, which has existed for decades, I think. You have the Univider, government revenue data set. Now you have the OECD. And when you look into and try to compare, you find also that inconsistencies here. And you find also that the user friendliness of these data sets are different substantially. I must say that I'm most impressed of the Univider government revenue data set. If I want to make a presentation, I go there. Very intuitive, easy to use. And my question is, do we need all these data sets? What is the added value of producing more amounts? Wouldn't it make sense, given that there are also inconsistencies in the data between these different databases, that one aimed to join forces and develop one kind of harmonized type of data set, which actually had more reliable, credible data and which then would be more cost-effective to operate? Thank you. Yeah. So there was one just in front of me. I can just say who I am. I am what gets that from the CMI Bergen Norway. Hi, my name is Christina and I work for the Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative, where the secretary is located here in Oslo. My first question piggybacks on your comment. Are 57 implementing countries report tax and non-tax revenues, disaggregated by company level and type of revenue? And we map those to the GFS classification. So what's the value add of another classification because this one has been established and all our countries are already doing this work and doing another mapping is extra work and we should be analyzing the data. So I want to be a little bit provocative. What's the value add? Because we were already doing this and we have been for almost 20 years. And for you, Christian, I had a question on one of the things that we see happening in our research rich countries where we have state-owned enterprises that play an important role. There's this issue of quasi-physical expenditures. I was wondering if this is also part of the data set or the issues that you're working on because we see a lot of countries struggling with understanding what that is and what the importance of that could be. Thank you. Do you want to take maybe one more question before responding or is there one more? Daniel? Okay, thanks. Sorry, we're eating into eating time. So. Some of my questions might have been raised already. So I would go back to them and let me add this question might apply to Alexander and probably to some extent Christian. First of all, thank you for those presentations. One of the frustrating things a researcher might encounter is when you're working with tax data and then you find out that there are some countries of interest but there are no data points for those countries. Or you might find some countries of interest but if you look at the period, you notice that they are gaps. I know over time there's been some improvements but probably I would like you to reflect a bit more on what the challenges are and how this has been addressed over time. Okay, thanks. Let's say between one and a half and two minutes response each and then we'll wrap up from there. Thanks. Thank you very much for your questions. I would be brief actually because the first question was what sectors are more aggressive multinationals? So yeah, we have this data but I need to look at the data back in order to answer you properly. So we have this data, that's right but we don't really show this in the paper that is aggregation among sectors because the most important thing was about aggressiveness like multinationals. And the second is like headquarters of this multinationals. So what do we have? So as you remember probably from the slide that we like in the end have 20,000 of subsidiaries among multinationals and the exact number was 842 or 43 I think. Like they belong to domestic multinationals. So this is desegregation but again like the headquarters, I mean the country so we need to look back in the data. Like we have it but we need to look back. That's it. But thank you very much for all these questions. I think that we need to add this to the paper. It's worth it. Thank you. Okay, yes, thanks for the question. Yeah, you from EITI, you know of course that the extractives sector poses all kinds of challenges with regard to transparency and data collection and tax expenditures are of course not alien to the situation quite on the contrary. We know that many tax expenditures in the extractives sector are granted through agreements and they do not appear in the reports. So this is one issue and the second issue with regard to state-owned enterprise and quasi-fiscal expenditure. At this moment we do not have it on our screen actually and I think it's also again an issue of data but let's follow up directly afterwards. I'm very much interested in hearing your thoughts about this and with regard to data gaps from our perspective with regard to tax expenditure the key issue is the quality of reports. This decides over the data that we have in our database and what we do is we see this as a major policy challenge at the national at the international level and try our best to advocate for better reporting. That's what I can say about this. Thank you very much. Unfortunately, that's all we have time for so thank you very much. Thank you very much for your questions. I'm not sure this is not the appropriate moment for me to make a comparison or explain the strengths and weaknesses of the respective databases. I would say two things. Because these have been sort of discussed as well I don't want to quote people without that portion but I think it has been said frequently that the the data space today is unrecognizable from where it was 10 to 15 years ago that there has been a great development in the quality of data available. Now, as ever, development is uneven. It's a process that will move forward, step back, there'll be rationalization. It's a work in progress. I can say that from the OECD in 2018 I think we covered 80 countries which is barely enough to call it global. Now, by the end of the year, we'll be at 130 so we're getting there. And I'd say that we're also improving the quality. We have the opportunity, thanks to the partnerships, thanks to donor support, we have the opportunity constantly to be improving the quality of data. And I think Carl would accept that, would agree that there's filling the data points and there's actually filling it well with good quality data. And I think we benefit from this when we pool our experiences and our expertise and we have these different people who are perhaps accessing different information. And over time, the data that everyone is having access to is getting better and it's not necessarily, it's not an easy conversation to have on a panel but we are, the OECD global revenue statistics initiative is a response to a country demand. We have no persuading power on countries to join. We invite them and if they see the value of the initiative, then they join. Equally, the regional partners could walk away at any time. Equally, the donors on whose support we rely might not see the value of it. So I think we will carry on doing what we're doing and we will do it to the best of our abilities and in the broadest consultation possible knowing that exactly you are having these discussions and it's confusing and you might wonder why. But I think it's beholden on us to make, to have a clearer answer to that picture, to that question perhaps over time than we do today but in any case, I do implore you to just contact us to reach out because the differences you might see, we are working on it all the time and I would say the inconsistencies are much, much smaller and as a final note, we have a bridge table in our publications where you can combine, compare the OECD classification with the IMF for example and just see exactly where the commonalities lie and also all our documentation is at least transparent and it's publicly available and so you will be able to see if you're curious as to where the differences lie. It's not the best explanation I've ever given but I hope it suffices in a certain level. Thank you. Okay, thank you very much to all of the panelists, to the discussant and to the audience. I think it's been a really interesting session and I think that text is nicely up to the coffee break so thank you everyone.


So I'm in the middle of getting ready, but I just got my date designer in the mail. Can we just talk about this frickin' packaging? Like what the hell? My goodness. Look at that. Look how pretty this box is. I want to like save it. And it says like two-day shipping on the thing, but I thought I paid for like regular, so... I'm so excited. It's like the perfect size planner. I thought it was gonna be a little bit smaller than this. So that's what I was just expecting, but I actually like wanted a bigger one, so oh my goodness. First size comparison, this is like the size of my hand. So it's pretty big. I think it's nine inches by nine and a half inches. It has a little thing over here. What I really liked about this is that it had like the times on it. Like you could put like what you're doing at each time, so that was really nice. And it's like a page for one day.  I just hate it. It's so annoying. Then you have to stay in there, you gotta wait for it, and then it's just so annoying. So he just asked if he could do it for me because he knows I hate it, which is really nice. Put your gas for you. Thanks. You eating tic-tac? What? You eating tic-tac? Why? There's him. He said my breath smelled. She ate like four cheese sticks, and my girl like- I ate one. I ate one cheese stick. Oh my god. And I wait in my teeth again, and I think it worked better this time. I don't know. Or the lighting's really good right now. I don't know. GPS girl is pretty bad. I don't know why he keeps trusting me honestly. I'm always bad. I'm never going to get good. She was not me. It's serious. She's stuck it up. We are at the main burger looking at the menu, and we just saw our friend Hannah, because she works here. And we're sitting at the sushi bar, so it's really cool. Spicy tuna with crispy rice. So yummy. It's like so good, guys. It's so good. We got the new page roll. Best friend, Hannah. Then we have the kamikaze. And I think our last sushi of the night is of the lobster box. Last but not least, we have our chocolate bento box.   It takes three minutes to go. We got out of dinner like a little bit of go. And now we're just like trying to find somewhere we could like take a picture, because I really want to take a picture of both of us. And I brought my tripod and everything. So we are actually currently trying to park at Jackson Street Bridge. And I've been here before. I think I've vlogged it. Didn't I vlog it? Yeah. But I thought it'd be really cool to go at night because the last time we went at daytime. So, I mean, we passed it. It was really, really cool. Yeah. We found parking like super easily, which is really exciting because we were going to park on the other end. Gonna have to walk so much, but then I was like, let's just check the other place. Easy parking makes Ryan happy. But he is like a parallel parking pro. How cool is this view, guys? Like it looks so much better in person. Missed the exit. Look how cool this view is. But you're prettier. What? This is cool. I took like boomerangs for Ryan. Let me show you guys. You're so cool. I think I liked these ones the best. Ryan's taking a time-lapse. I bet it's still gonna be shaking though. Woo, that's cool. Okay. Yeah, that's cool. You should do that one. I really like it. I like your boomerangs. I don't know. That looks like more fast-paced. I don't know. I really like it. It feels so good tonight. So leave a happy birthday in the comment section below, okay? I'm gonna read all of them. Yes, you will. I just woke up. I'm gonna give my dad his present. Happy Father's Day to you. Oh, thank you. Thank you, baby. Happy Father's Day. You should open it. Oh, it's already opening it, so... You're not gonna open this flat? Yes. Wow, that's nice packaging. Thank you. Oh, tune it. Not that, maybe even more, because... Thank you. That's very practical. Actually, he's going to be doing a lot of traveling. Yeah. You're welcome. Show what you got. A universal plug thingy. Well, travels. Here we come. So, this morning, I was dreaming about bacon. I know, I'm making myself bacon. So, I decided to surprise him, but it kind of worked. It kind of didn't. I face-timed her, and I could tell she was in the car, and I was like, where is she going? He literally face-timed me right when I was pulling in his driveway, and I, like, answered stupidly, because that truck was at, like... Can't wait. Okay, because I thought you were in the truck, so I thought... Well, no, I just, like... I just thought you, like, saw me already, so I was like, okay, whatever. I'll just answer you. What?  So, I, like, hung up, and then I just came in here. Wait, what time is it? What time is it? Oh, 11.59. He's gonna open his present. Two, two, one. Every time. When you get in the feels. Mm-hmm. Okay. Now you have to open your present, though. He already knows what it is. Wait for it. Look at the back. Look at the back. Isn't it cool? Yes. You guys didn't know I left fishing? Yes. Look at that, the one, look at that, the one. Look at the back. You like it? You're welcome. No need. Happy birthday. That's not all I got, guys. Don't, don't think I'm just a cheapo. I got him some Nike stuff at the outlet. I don't know. I vlogged it. Two shorts. Oh, yeah, I did. I vlogged it. And then a shirt. And we went to Umi. Happy birthday. Now I'm not a cougar anymore for, like, what, five months? Four months. It's fine. He's 19. I'm 19 now. He's 19, but I'm gonna turn 20 soon and then he's still gonna be 19. Hey guys, so it's June 20th and I didn't have to look at a calendar for that because I know, because it's Ryan's birthday today. And so I'm going to his house right now.  That's him texting me right now.  I have 30 and it's six right now. But I mean, I have a good excuse. Like, every time he says to be somewhere, like, he's not even ready. Like, he still has to take a shower or something like that. So it's like so annoying. I'm like, okay, let me take my time. Like, and you take yours. So, whatever. But he better be out of the shower. I think he is. So, hopefully he's ready to go by the time I get there. Okay, I don't think he's mad at me, I'm gonna say some snarky comment. Be like, why are you late? You're always so late. Blah, blah, blah, blah. Like, I'm not late. I just know you and you're gonna take so much time. He's ready. First time ever. What are your comments on me being late? She's late every single time I talk to her. Oh my God, you're so annoying. I'll tell her that's early, she's still late. You're never, you're never ready. That's why. Cause I know you're never gonna re- I don't care. If you're taking a shower, I should be able to spend 10 minutes more on my makeup for having a birthday. Fried oysters, Kalamari, salad.  Put your hand like that. You're pretty. We're at Topgall for like all the girls. I told her to smile. The birthday boy. Ryan keeps missing the ball. Record that, you hit it. He missed it like five times. Kalamari, Kalamari, Kalamari, Kalamari, Kalamari, Kalamari, Kalamari, I mean, yeah this is the video. Oh my goodness. Did that hurt? If you read my other vlog, you would know I'm in trouble. Why do you feel about this trouble? Oh yeah. He put it in the first place. Jack is literally the pro at cutting cake. I don't know why. I cut pies for a living but I probably can't even cut it that well. Preston's playing for me and he's doing really well. He's gave me a 49 score. For all those points, Tommy. Is it recording? Jesus 11's. I'm really sad about this. I really wanted a leftover cake. I see my hands. This one, the middle finger.  I got like the wrong fingers. I got to get it like on the same finger.  Do I have to do it with my hands? You can't do it like that. You literally have to just do it so many times until it becomes easy. So now you grab it, you take it, use your middle fingers and your thumbs. I want cake! I'll help you.


2K has been trying to win me over, literally the entire year and I've been incredibly skeptical about a lot of the things that the devs have been saying. And for good reason, it's literally their job to get people excited about the game.  So I've been like, I've been reserved for a while now. But some gameplay came out a few days ago, and I just put it this way, ladies and gentlemen, it is very hard at this point for me to contain said excitement. You win! Just drop the game already. I'm tired of playing 18. There's already a default level of excitement because anything that's not NBA 2K 18 is exactly what I want right now. Just bring back 16 or something, man, or just drop 19 today. Do it now. Anyway, iPod King Carter was the one who I seen upload the gameplay, although I don't think the footage was his. It was the first one I saw. There was some things that I've seen in this gameplay that one Mike Wong talked about on Twitter, but two caught me by surprise a little bit. So let's take a look. So first off, the text and the designs look entirely different. It has like a little sleek vibe to it. All right, I don't care because I'm not gonna play my team or play now, but looks good. There's something different about the way that this game looks. I don't know if it's contrast or maybe they increase the saturation a little bit, but the colors just pop more. So this is the first offensive possession of the game. Stephen Curry is going to bring it off the inbound drive left, no overpowered blow by, but he makes the contested layup and it only, if you pay attention, it shows the coverage was lightly contested. So a lot of people were sending me tweets freaking out. They did the same to Mike Wong and this should be obvious if you played 2K, but for some people, apparently it wasn't. They're playing on rookie difficulty. Jesus, guys, why y'all jump into conclusions so quick? I criticize 2K a lot for a lot of valid reasons, I think, but there's some people that sometimes they be tweeting me and I'm like, yo, relax, but there's an explanation for it. Jesus, man. So Mike Wong verified on Twitter as well. He said the guy that was playing was obviously playing on rookie difficulty and the sliders are different. So even if it's heavily contested, if you're playing on rookie, occasionally they'll tell you the coverage was lightly contested. So there was some key moments in this gameplay I'm going to point out when they arise. And this is the first time we're seeing some post play Durant playing some awful defense LeBron with the fade. We haven't heard anything about a post fade or a fade ace badge returning to 2K. If you guys remember in 2K 15 and 16, fades were incredibly overpowered, which is why in 17 and 18, they've seen huge nerfs. So Stephen Curry's dribble packages look the same as NBA 2K 18. He's getting drive by, horrible defense by Rondo, gets a wide open bucket.   Jesus man, it's like they go right to IGN and IGN, you know those guys, none of those guys can play video games. And then they put them on the sticks and it's like, we don't really learn as much as we could have because this guy is taking horrible shot attempts the whole time. He has no idea how to dribble.  So we see LeBron in the post again, a hop, DeMarcus Cousin stands his ground, all those animations were in 2K 18, nothing new there, good box out, boring Dremons on the break. So the main thing that I guess I picked up from this gameplay was the changes to rebounding. In the past, rebounding was incredibly linear and very random, which is why I found it really funny when people come out with montages, they would call them snag montages of them just clicking the triangle button and jumping for a rebound. It's random, it's easy, like, but people were doing it. And in this 2K, we know Mike Wang on Twitter has been just going and talking about rebounding.  And so this is the first time we're seeing footage of a lot of the stuff he's talking about. So literally every tweet from this one right here, all the way up to like this one here was all about rebounding. A message from your friendly neighborhood AI engineer who works on rebounding. This year, only decent rebounders can cover a lot of ground while jumping to make up for trim rebounds that didn't trim. Rim rebounds that didn't go their way. He mentioned things like if you're a guard, you might be better off just trying to sprint to the rebound instead of clicking triangle, because you might just scoop it up and sprint your way to the basket. He also mentioned if you're a guard, it might make more sense for you instead of clicking triangle to just sprint to the ball and then get a running start to a fast break. If you're controlling a short guard with low rebounding, it might be best for him to play like he'd responded in real life, instead of immediately matching the rebound button, keep him on his feet and rush over to the ball once you see where it's headed.  The success and speed of your swim attempt depends on many factors, including of course strength, weight, box out skill, hustle rebounder badge, and whether or not you're in takeover. He continued to go on with more and more details about the relationship between the boxer and the boxy, but what we're seeing a lot in this gameplay is examples of even if I'm the better rebounder, if you have me boxed out, there's a good opportunity I can go above you, tip the ball, and then just fight for it and get it back depending on all those factors he just mentioned. So in the past, while Glass Queen his biggest advantage was how overpowered Brick Wall was in 2K17, this year it seems like there might be some real purpose to having a build with rebounding in it. Okay, so this part right here is one of the key moments of this gameplay. Stephen Curry is at the free throw line and he's about to put up his second free throw. He's going to shoot it, he's going to get a green, and you can almost see the shot meter looks elongated. But more importantly, the takeover badge appears. This is the first time we're seeing hints of the takeover badge. And if you've been listening to the drama alerts and following Mike Wong's tweets, you'd know the higher your overall, the better you are as a player, the longer over your takeover lasts. And so for Stephen Curry, what we're going to see is it lasts for about three minutes of gameplay. And it happened two minutes into the game, which is incredibly impressive.  Stephen Curry, there's a snatch back, he's going to blow left, doesn't get to blow by animation, but the amount of space he covers in that step back is incredibly impressive.  A shot creator put that shot up and hit. Look at, look at just the space. Jesus. I don't know, man. I might be a little bit bullish on shot creators this year. They could be, if they're not balanced correctly, incredibly overpowered. And that's just, that's a Stephen Curry animation. I can't even imagine what players like Derek Rose might have as their animation for a step back. Stephen Curry, again, doing some Stephen Curry dribble moves, going to pull up in his eye. And this is weird because although it's contested, it's going to say lightly contested and the shot is going to drop. Again, not only is he on takeover, his name is Stephen Curry, but more importantly, this is rookie difficulty. Alright, so watch this play here because this stuff gets me excited and screams skills gap. Kuzma kicks it to Lonzo coming off the screen, misses the shot. In 2K18, 17 and everyone before that, if you're eight foot away from the basket, literally under no circumstances do you miss the shot. Whether you're contested, whether you had a bad release, no matter their situation, you were hitting that shot, which is frustrating. But it seems like in this gameplay, there was a lot of situations, even though it's in rookie difficulty, where those shots missed because it wasn't an ideal situation. They weren't dropping automatically just because of their distance and proximity to the rim. Alright, so this play right here is probably the perfect example and it happened pretty frequently throughout the game of the differences and changes in rebounding this year and it gets me excited. So this guy, keep in mind, you can see this play, he's trash at the game. He's gonna kick it forward to Curry and then he just thinks Curry's a good shooter, so let's just throw it up contested. Ball goes up. Now, you see DeMarcus Cousins over here boxed out. I believe that's Kuzma in front of him boxing him out and look at him. About like seven or eight feet away from the basket. Now, in every other 2K, that would usually put Kuzma in the best position to get the rebound, unless the rebound went incredibly long, Kuzma was safe. But in fact, let's slow it down even more because you guys have to watch this in .25. Ball goes up, DeMarcus Cousins pushes his way all the way to the rim because of strength and now he's almost there. The ball tips in his direction and even though he's boxed out, he fights his way through Kuzma's box to tip the ball and even though he doesn't come down with the rebound, he almost did.  Can you imagine if you're consistently in good position? That's what I'm trying to say. So there's another example of it literally the next place. Stevenson is going to bring up the ball. He's going to put up the shot. It gets tipped by LeBron. He does come up with the rebound against strength, ability to box out, being in good position. And I assume he had a higher rebounding stat than all the people around him. So it's like you actually have to hustle and fight for the rebounds this year. It's an actual live ball. And so although that's what I got most excited about, there was some other things I've seen in the gameplay that we need to check out. All right. So Stephen Curry is bringing the ball up the court. He's going to go left again, like he's been doing literally all games. Snatchback again. No overpower with Snatchbacks this year. Thank God, no overpowered blowbys this year. And so in previous years, while Stephen Curry might have just blown by him, this year is not so easy. So you have to find creative ways, whether it's through setting screens, running plays, or maybe just breaking his ankles if you're a good at ISO. So he drives left and obviously this is a turnover waiting to happen. He looks like he's about to bump into somebody and he does. That's how it should be. If you're dribbling into people, you should be punished. And the people that came back from the event said that they were getting a lot more bump steals, etc. And I know in real life, it's not really realistic to get steals with your knee or to get steals with your elbow or whatever.  And so in knowing that in that context, we have to understand if we're not punishing people for bad dribbling, there's going to be a lot of clipping and running into each other. And it's just not going to be fun. It's going to be incredibly cheesy. Okay, this play was fun. Hart brings the ball in, gets bumped by Stephen Curry, picks up his dribble, passes inside. Good contest. Misses the shot. They're out on the break. Bell kicks it. That's Iggy.  It wasn't a good release. I don't care if it's rookie.  You should have easily went up for a dunk or a layup. He didn't do that. He also missed the release. And so if you do all of those things wrong, you shouldn't then be rewarded with the bucket. It makes me happy to know that there's a little bit of a skills gap to it this year. That on top of the fact that it might have just been his mid range rating, right? If he doesn't have a good moving mid range, that might also be why he missed the shot. So no surprise, they have those very pointless time wasting interviews with players at the end of the first and third quarter. This should give you hope if you're a post scorer. Bell gets the ball down low, is muscling his man, literally shoves him out the way to go up. Listen, if I'm bullish about any two builds in this year's game, it's post scorers and glass cleaners.  Ladies and gentlemen, don't make bad passes because it will get picked off. All right, this play here is pretty funny. Sean Livingston is going to bring the ball up. We skip forward a decent amount.  I believe that's Rondo. And so he fumbles with the ball and eventually Sean Livingston gets it back and they reset the play. I love it. It actually feels like a ball this year. Look at the animation. So don't force your big man to be in horrible situations by making bad passes that lead them right into defenders. That's for you point guards. Some more post play here. LeBron on Durant is going to do a post spin on the baseline and get perfect positioning. Even though it looks like Durant played it well, LeBron gets the bucket. Okay. This part for me as a shooter was, I don't even know if it's interesting. It's more funny and I don't really know what it means exactly, but okay, we got to actually slow this one down. All right, we got our guy Sean Livingston with the ball. He's bringing it up. We see Clay Thompson follow him. He's going to the left wing. He gets the ball and Clay Thompson is going to go up for a shot right here. Did you see what I saw? Clay Thompson's shot meter just pulled up for a pump fake.  I don't want to say anything just yet, but I might, I might just fall for the trap. All right, let's watch this back. Clay Thompson gets the ball. His shot meter pulls up. So basically you couldn't even get a very early relief with Clay Thompson if you wanted because it's just going to be a pump fake. That's how fast his release is. Now, in just some context for those of you who didn't know, Clay Thompson and Kevin Love, in my opinion, had the best release in NBA 2K16. I don't know if 2K wasn't happy with it or whatever the reason was, but in 17 and 18, those releases were just like, they were I in 17, especially Clay Thompson at a decent base, but it was nothing like it was in 2K16. Let me find out Clay Thompson has the fastest release in the game so fast that shot meters pull up on pump fakes. It's going to be the first release I test out comes 2K19. All right, that's all there was to the gameplay. This is five on five, right? So it's not entirely representative of what we could expect to see from Playground or the Pro-Amp. The sliders are going to be different on top of that what we've seen was on rookie difficulty. That being said, there's a lot that I've seen in this that would lead me to believe the NBA 2K19 is going to be a much better product than 2K18. Now, I'm going to be going to New York in a couple of days, and it's going to be the first time I play NBA 2K19. So it'll be my first time getting hands-on experience. Hopefully, I can record some footage and bring it back. We'll see how things go. I'm excited for it. If you guys enjoyed the video, drop a like, subscribe to the channel. I'm going to announce the archetype that I'm choosing, at least the first one I decide to choose for NBA 2K19 really soon. Let me know if you guys want to see that. I'm going to catch you guys in the next one, free lose around the corner, and I'm starting to get excited, ladies and gentlemen. I'm out. Peace.


Hey there friends, thanks for checking in at the range now and today. We're going to do a Taurus handgun world review I have five Taurus handguns to feature and let's start here with their newest G3C they took the popular G2C and Improved it with the third generation G3C it's a subcompact handgun with a 3.2 inch barrel. It ships with three 12-round magazines. They added front serrations The trigger bar safety was improved. They made it wider more comfortable to use and it does have Restrike capability Serrated black rear sights front dot and that is interchangeable with Glock and the thumb safety the disassemble The overall feel is the same as the G2C for those who love that Tenefer matte finish on the slide as well. They they removed the Loaded chamber bar and added a sight hole indicator. Let's take a few shots in see how the G3C done I believe I had eight rounds loaded up, but a nice Little handgun the G2C brought many people back to Taurus, and I think the G3C is An approved G2C and they did a very nice job with it And it's a pleasure to shoot it accepts everything that was steel case load loads and it was fine Now I also have a G2C But I didn't bring it out because I didn't want to be too redundant with the new model But one of the Taurus handguns that has gotten overlooked is the G2S. Now. This is a single-stack Handgun that shares many of the same characteristics except for it has seven rounds. It's good for those who live in those states that Restrict magazine capacity same three point two inch barrel Actually, you can take the slide off put it on the G2C and it'll work just fine You can see it does have the loaded chamber indicator bar three dot sights thumb safety same position disassemble Same thing just a little bit thinner a little bit lighter. It also has restrict capability with a Short reset right there seven round mags also scalloped on the base plate of The magazine. Let's see how it does It shoots nice Also has an accessory rail there nice little handgun For those who want a slimmer Grip profile or they live in a state that requires less magazine capacity Here we have a Taurus revolver. It's called the model 85 polymer protector a Snub nose lightweight revolver goes about 16 ounces unloaded does have a rubber grip there Three-finger contact nice feel two inch barrel fiber optic front sights encased in polymer It's a five-shot 38 special Plus P It also has a cylinder release that is serrated. It's embedded in the frame Double-action revolver even says protector poly on top there Need a little revolver Let's see how it does. We'll start with the circle double-action Single on that little one. There we go The Taurus models are the revolver models are very nice. They have a great reputation They make them small. They make them lightweight. They make them large the 605 is a poly protector, too That's a 357 Magnum. This is a model 85 in 38 special plus P, but it's a neat little revolver and Slides in the pocket quite comfortably Here we have the small and lightweight Taurus spectrum weighs between 10 and 11 ounces Very small fits in the pocket nicely does come with two magazines Here's a seven round mag with an extended base plate also a six-round mag with a flat base plate 2.8 inch barrel long double-action trigger pull and a full Reset the spectrum has these inserts that are rubber It gives it a pretty decent feel also where the serrations typically go are the same rubber inserts I was a little suspect at first. I Would have preferred to have regular slide serrations, but these have stood the test of my time anyways It does have a sight hole indicator there for the loaded rounds and integrated sights On top of the slide. I've got Blazer 95 grain aluminum case here 380 ACP. Let's start with the rabbit. All right. I'm now mad at that 7-inch target Let's try it again with the spectrum Well, that's a little better anyways next we have a new revolver released from Taurus called the Defender 856 many people love the model 85 the model 856 but they wanted a three-inch barrel and that's what Taurus did here They put a three-inch barrel on this ultra light model weighs about 17 and a half ounces And what I like is they have a meriglowe front night sight with an orange outline That's easy to pick up during the day. They make them with G10 grips Ultimat wood grips. This here is a Hogue rubber grip nice feel to it. It's a six-shot 38 special plus P And an overall nice feel to it now a lot of people Wanted it Taurus delivered. Let's see how it shoots And there it is Here are the five Taurus handguns that I featured today G2S single stack nine millimeter hold seven rounds Polyprotector model 85 38 special plus P Defender 856 that's a six-shot 38 special plus P the new Taurus G3C A lot of people like that and over here. We've got the Taurus spectrum in 380 ACP if you like videos like this, please subscribe and share I always appreciate thumbs up button Thanks for watching and you guys be safe


Mahesh here from Khan Academy. We've created a ton of science content for you and we would like some feedback on how much you like it, how much more you needed and a bunch of other stuff. This feedback will help us create more science content in more languages. So can you fill out this form in the description? It has a few questions, it should take less than two minutes and after you're done with everything, don't forget to click on the submit button. Thank you.


which is the latest technology for enlarge prostate. After three days, we removed the catheter and were able to pass urine freely and easily without any blood in urine and even home next day without any issues. Thank you. Hi I am Jigme Kelsam and a week back I got my father admitted at Malipal hospital for a huge prostate and acute retention of urine and over here the doctor Dinesh has examined and advised a procedure called Holi and he has thoroughly explained about the procedure the benefit and advantages of the procedure and yeah four days back he my father got operated and and now he's doing well and we would like to thank all the doctors and all the stuff for the care and the treatment we received thank you so much volumin laser integration of prostrate Holi is an novel technique used for very enlarged prostrate who had urinary retentions who are having blood in urine who came to us with urinary infection and over on catheter the advantage of volumin laser integration of prostrate is it is a bloodless surgery without any cut in the skin and patient will recover fast and he will go back home this is ideally suited for patients who had lot of comorbidities like diabetes hypertension who are very old who are very risk for anesthesia these patients can undergo this procedure safely thank you


నికాకప్నిత్రంటి పత్నిందారికా. చూవాకుని ఆస౜నాలుాకుటాకాకు. కోఠ్నిఔం. బికాకికాకటాకా అంనౚలితాకారకిత్డందాకాకాికడి. The topics which I will include in this class are the idea of demand-and-demand curve. Atheft Shahidhar Hainga or Shahidhar Ekha movement along a demand curve. Atheft Shahidhar Ekha Salon shift in the demand curve. Atheft Shahidhar Ekha Bishyuti exception to the law of demand. Atheft Shahidhar Bixhyeul Briolla Tikkom. Atheft Elasticity of Demand. Atheft Shahidhar Starching Stopovata. Then Price Elasticity of Demand. Atheft Shahidhar Shall Oruer Est thu shay radishpa.' Income Elasticity of Demand. Atheft Shahidhar I Est thu shay radishpa.' Ahawa ekha. Atheft Mahalas東enapuri. Cross Elasticity of Demand. Atheft Shahidhar Tikkakここ , Sh Cythec. నారిలాసిను ఆరిను తీగారిలునిపిసియుత్నీటారి మురాఎనునిక్రిని కారిఆరినారిను దచింపయాను . వౕిలునాపను నిరినునిసినిలి . quinhorices teilip кстати teilip teilip  Disability  kolay  Shame  bask üyorsun The demand implies that the desire to purchase a commodity which must be supported by each purchase in power. Let me give you a very simple example. If I am saying that there is a consumer say consumer A, consumer A wants to purchase a mobile handshake which costs around 10,000 rupees. Now to create a demand for that mobile handshake, consumer A must have that amount of purchasing power that is rupees 10,000 to purchase that particular mobile handshake. So that is why to create demand, two things is important. The desire to purchase that commodity, that is, the desire to purchase a commodity which must be supported by each purchase in power. The desire to purchase a commodity which must be supported by each purchase in power. So that is why to create demand, two things is important. So that is why to purchase a commodity which must be supported by each purchase in power. So that is why to purchase a commodity which must be supported by each purchase in power. Other things remaining unchanged, the price and quantity demanded are inversely related. If there is a change in price, there is a change in common quantity demanded. Rising price will lead to falling quantity demanded and falling price will lead to rising quantity demanded. So next we will discuss about the moment and shift in the demand curve. Or a side record, so long or side record will be shifting. So when you are talking about moment in a demand curve, that means you will be in the same demand curve. When there is a fall in price, there is a rising quantity demanded. So as a result you will move from 1.1 to another point. So it reverses the case when there is a rising price. But shifting demand curve implies that a shift to the left or a shift to the right. Generally what happens, suppose if I am giving a very simple example, if for the time being I am assuming that the price of a commodity is constant and at that price a consumer demands certain quantity of that commodity. Now suddenly suppose there is a increase in the income of the consumer. So as a result even if price is constant, the consumer can, without changing price, the consumer can create more demand for the commodity and as a result the demand curve will shift rightward. So reverses the case if there is a falling income when price is constant then there may be shift, again shift in the demand curve. Next we will study about the exception to the law of demand. Atheb Sahida Rekhaar, Ba Sahida Vidheel, Bretikar. Generally we assume that the price and quantity demanded are inversely related. But this may not be true in all circumstances. Because for certain commodities the law of demand does not apply. And for those commodities violates the law of demand. So what are those exceptional commodities or what are those exceptional situations? So basically the law of demand is not applicable in case of given goods. What is given goods? The concept of given goods was basically given by the economist Robert Gifford. So in case of given goods even if there is a fall in price there may not be rising quantity demanded. And even if there is a rising price there may not be fall in quantity. Because in case of given goods the income effect is too high to nullify the effect of substitution effect. So as a result in case of given goods the price and quantity demanded are positively related. And second exception case is in case of the commodities which recognizes the status symbol for the consumer. Now there are some commodities people demanded because of their rise. Now if there is a fall in price of that commodities drastically people will not create demand for those commodities. Because those commodities no longer is status symbol for that particular consumer. So in case of those commodities the law of demand does not hold good. And in case of speculative consumption also the law of demand may not be applicable. What are the situations of a model that are applicable now? Next I will discuss elasticity of demand. So what is elasticity? So elasticity relates to the degree of responsiveness of quantity demanded of a good to a change in its price or consumer income or prices of related goods. Now elasticity of demand can be categorized as price elasticity of demand, income elasticity of demand or cross elasticity of demand. Atha Sahidar Darsthiti Stapapata, Sahidar Aishthiti Stapapata or Sahidar Teacher Thiti Stapapata. Let me start with price elasticity of demand. The price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded of a good to change in price other things remaining the same. Atha Sahidar Darsthiti Stapapata or Sahidar Kiman Hatankho or Sahidar Kiman Hatankho. So price elasticity of demand can be again explained in terms of point elasticity of demand as well as the arc elasticity of demand. The point elasticity of demand technique is used to measure the price elasticity of demand of a good. If the change in its price is very small, Atha Sahidar Darsthiti Stapata or Sahidar Kiman Hatankho. The arc elasticity of demand measures the price elasticity of demand when the change in price is somewhat large. Atha Sahidar Darsthiti Stapata or Sahidar Kiman Hatankho. The arc elasticity of demand measures the price elasticity of demand over an arc between two points on the demand curve. So next, Atha Sahidar Darsthiti Stapapata. The arc elasticity of demand is defined as the proportionate change in the quantity demanded due to proportionate change in income. Atha Sahidar Darsthiti Stapata or Sahidar Anopatik Paribhottan or Ayaar Anopatik Paribhottan. Atha Sahidar Darsthiti Stapata or Sahidar Anopatik Paribhottan. Atha Sahidar Darsthiti Stapata or Sahidar Anopatik Paribhottan. Next, Atha Sahidar Darsthiti Stapata. So when two goods are related to each other, then the change in demand for one good in response to the change in price of the second good is indicated by the process elasticity of demand. Atha Sahidar Darsthiti Stapata or Sahidar Anopatik Paribhottan. The cost elasticity of demand is defined as the proportionate change in quantity demanded of a commodity say X in response to a proportionate change in the price of Y. So amitri dhori langa dutta commodity say X or Y. Atha Sahidar Paribhottan or Sahidar Anopatik Paribhottan. Atha Sahidar Darsthiti Stapata or Sahidar Anopatik Paribhottan. So thus in this class initially we have discussed about the idea of demand, the law of demand. Next we discussed about the movement and the shift in the demand curve. Next exception of the law of demand, next elasticity of demand in terms of price, income and cross elasticity. So thus I hope that you got some ideas about the demand analysis from this online class. Thank you.


Two films, two Oscar nominees, one vision. The queen Lady Gaga pun counter is active as Bohemian Rhapsody takes on a star is born here on Movie Feud. Comfortably slips into the role of legendary frontman Freddie Mercury. The audience gets to see the world through his eyes. A world that to him is often lonely. He's a performer through and through with extravagant outfits, a powerful stage presence and millions of adoring fans paint the picture of a man who lived to entertain. It's amazing how much he contrasts the rest of the band members, who are far more focused on writing and just playing the music correctly. Freddie's girlfriend, or common law wife as he refers to her, gets a pretty meaty role in this too as a prominent figure in Mercury's life. Actress Lucy Boynton as Mary Austin is a kind, strong-willed anchor for this singer to lean on. For Mercury, she was definitely somebody to love. Speaking of love, the chemistry between Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga is incredible. I didn't really know what to expect when a person willingly goes by the last name Gaga, but she managed to impress with her acting chops. I also didn't expect such an amazing romance between the two leads. I thought for sure it would be the opposite of that, which would be a bad romance. I know, that was terrible. Hey, I was born this way.  He sells out packed arenas to millions of adoring fans all around the world and has more money than he'll ever need. There are a million reasons for him to be happy yet. He hits the bottle nightly, drinking away his problems like it's the cure. Turns out the real medicine was Ali, an airport worker by day, and a nightclub singer by ... well, night. These two make the movie unforgettable, but Jack's relationship with his brother Bobby, played by Sam Elliott, is just as interesting. Two comedians show up out of nowhere in both films. Dave Chappelle plays it straight as a sympathetic family man, while Mike Myers gets to go over the top as a douchey record label producer. A made up role for the movie, basically a wink to the audience in Reference of Wayne's World. He was there for the applause, applause, applause. He was there for the applause, applause. These puns are going to keep happening, so either push through it or leave. Do what you want. It's your life. But he being rap city is based on the true story of Queen. I use the air quotes because there are always portions that are slightly inaccurate or just completely made up simply for entertainment's sake. That said, I'm not going to discredit things and point out what's what because I honestly don't know. I can say with confidence that the movie is a blast to watch, mainly because the topic is so freaking amazing. We get to see the forming of one of the greatest bands of all time and take a peek behind the scenes of the killer queen himself, Freddie Mercury.  No matter how dark things got for Freddie and the other band members, one thing was made perfectly clear. The show must go on. As interesting as Freddie's sexual entanglements were, I was far more interested in the forming of Queen and how they created all their amazing music. Thankfully, the X-Men director puts a good chunk of time into it. Specifically, the film's title song, Bohemian Rap City. The way they produced that and the album as a whole was a blast to watch. True or not, it was a spectacular portion of a somewhat disjointed movie from a production standpoint. Ironically, it won an Oscar for its editing, which boggles my mind, but I'll get more into that later. A Star is Born is the fourth time this movie has been made, each one following the same basic structure but brought up with the times for a new generation to enjoy. Jack is a broken man, sitting on the edge of glory. Each drink could be his last. That is, until he sees Allie perform at a club after finishing his own show. They hit it off immediately, and it doesn't take long for Allie's telephone to ring the next day. Next thing she knows, she's performing a duet with one of the biggest musicians in the industry. She's a bit nervous, but the crowd doesn't seem to notice. All they hear is Radio Gaga. And it's music to their eyes as these two share their intimate song. As the title suggests, a star is indeed born, and Allie finds herself stepping out of Jack's shadow and into the flashing lights of the paparazzi. As one career grows, another starts to fade. That's when tragedy strikes. Jack is too weak to be alone. Thanks to a terrible childhood, it doesn't take much for him to slip back into darker places. Even though Bohemian Rhapsody covers Mercury's death, it's an overall uplifting celebration of the band. The last 30 minutes is most of the performance from their live-age show. The last 30 minutes of A Star is Born is a heartbreaking tale of love and loss. No matter which story appeals to you more. One thing is certain. I'm in love with my car. Patreon supporter Caleb Creach, awesome name, is all in on A Star is Born. I went into A Star is Born expecting a mediocre experience and was surprised with an emotional masterpiece. B. Coop and L.G. put their all into their performance and music, which, along with Cooper's amazing direction, elevate the movie above the rest this year.  Amongst other things, not even sure what that means. Over in the YouTube community, Slip and Jimmy states, A Star is Born hands down. Gaga and Cooper both give powerful performances. The soundtrack was phenomenal. Bohemian Rhapsody was shallow compared to this. And I don't believe we've used that pun yet, so let's put it on the board. Thank you, Saul. On the flip side, we have Freddie going with Bohemian Rhapsody. The reason he states is, I love the music so much. I've been a fan of Queen for as far as I can remember. So it was nice to hear their magic in the theater. As a movie, I thought it was OK. The musical bits, like the live aid performance at the end, were made really well. Oh, and also, I thought Rami Malek was amazing in it. The Oscars agree with you? Let's move on to production. This is where I feel like I'm going slightly mad. When I reviewed Bohemian Rhapsody after it hit theaters, I praised the acting in the way the music was center stage, but criticized it for some of the technical issues. The Academy apparently saw something I didn't when handing out the Oscar for its editing. There are multiple noticeable moments in this film where a standstill camera is shaking when it shouldn't be. It's clearly just supposed to be a wide shot showcasing what we're going to be seeing. There's also a lot of random editing cuts where someone's talking and it's quickly jumping to different people in the room for no reason at all. I don't even know who I'm supposed to focus on in the scene. I know virtually nothing about sound design, but supposedly they blended Malek's voice with Mercury's to get some sort of a hybrid sound. I thought that was done very well, so congrats to that. I'm just not going to get those visuals a pat on the back because I didn't see it. In fact, the movie as a whole is very by the numbers when it comes to these biopics, even ending the movie with that lame stock image with text. And I do think a band like Queen should elevate above those common practices. Now, if you're looking for a very fun, very fast-paced movie, Bohemian Rhapsody has it covered. Hell, this is one of those movies you can throw on in the background on a Sunday afternoon and just dance to all the hits. You know, Spotify is also good for that. So maybe that doesn't mean anything about the movie. A Star is Born just technically looks and sounds better in every way to me. It may not have the huge lineup of songs Rhapsody does, but the ones in A Star is Born are nothing to scoff at. But hey, I'm just one GUI with one opinion. Let's see if it stacks up with the others in the course. The clear winner is obvious. It's A Star is Born. It's not even close for me. And I'm sure the YouTube community, who I've grown to love and respect over the years, will agree. And here we have it, folks. A Star is Born picks up a whopping 37% of the votes, making Bohemian Rhapsody the winner by a pretty large margin at 63%. I'm not mad. I'm disappointed. You motherf**kers! Clearly just voted on the movie that had your favorite band in it. You based it off the music.   You voted for what you loved, not movie-wise, band-wise. And it makes me sick to my stomach. No, no, don't stop me now. I'm having a good time. And I don't want to stop at all. All right, I've calmed down. I'm sorry. Thank you for watching. And remember, if this is more than just reviews, this is Movie Feuds. There. Another one bites the dust. As a bonus on this episode, I asked the YouTube community to guess the amount of puns I would come up with. And the winner is Kaser Sosa, right on the money with 22. A few people guessed 22, but he was the first, thereby becoming Honorary Pun King. This comes with no prize. Thanks for watching.