I'm an open source investigator and trainer, okay? So yeah, being open source investigator, I do investigations. I come from Kyrgyzstan, so my main focus is in Central Asia, but I'm also looking into conspiracies in Europe and data-driven investigations and many other things, as well as the war reporting in Ukraine, but also in Tajikistan, okay? And yeah, let's dive into our presentation. This will be a little bit interactive at some point, okay? So I'll be needing sometimes for you to raise your hands. So yeah, the first question when we're talking about open source investigation is what is open source investigation, of course, what is open source research? And some of you might know, it is an investigation where a researcher and a reader have equal access to the information, okay? So how it happens in traditional journalism. Researchers might go do a field trip, might do an interview, or have some sources they can reach out to, right? But in open source investigation, researchers such as we, we're doing everything at our laptops and we're searching information that's available publicly. So theoretically, if I do an investigation, you would be able to do the same thing, okay, to reiterate each step. So this is the main difference. The researcher, which is a journalist, analyst or investigator, has the same access to information as the reader slash listener, okay? In our case, we include the information with a payroll being a open source. So this can be a subscription to a news channel. So say you want to subscribe to an economist or Wall Street Journal, it costs a few bucks. And of course, like in many cases, there is a high possibility that somebody else has always written about the subject you're interested in, yeah? And then when we want to check out this information, of course, we subscribe and we read this info. And we think, yeah, this is also an open source information because everyone with a budget would get access to it. So this can be as cheap as a couple bucks, but also expensive as being a couple thousand of dollars for a satellite imagery. So we use satellite imagery a lot at Balancad. It's primarily Googlers, but we also have paid subscription to services like Planet, which costs, yeah, I think about a thousand, $2,000 a month, but this gives us an access to a huge amount of satellite imagery, okay? So there is this, I'd say, budget barrier, of course, but we still consider that it's an open source. And why is this important? Because when Balancad just launched in 2014, so it's a relatively new organization, to build trust, among our readers, we, our founder, decided to do everything open source because he really liked it, he was really into it. And then he could see that when he did an open source investigations, readers could actually look at each step and confirm that, yeah, this is a trustworthy information. So the reader doesn't have to take our words for an investigation, they can just find the same photo or delicate the same photo and do the research themselves, okay? So yeah, the great thing about open source that it provides transparency and the credibility to this investigation. And yeah, in an ideal world, again, consumer, the reader will be able to do the same investigation. So open source materials, what are those? So we have these four blocks of open source materials categories, okay? So first of all is the GSPayShell, the offensive word for mapping services. So these are the things like Google Maps, Yandex Cartier, which is basically Yandex Maps, Terra Survey, Planet Subscription, and etc. So this one is very, very useful for many things. One is, of course, for geolocation. So if you have a photo and want to find out where exactly it was taken or you want to verify that this image is showing, I don't know, which is showing the Netherlands and not Belgium and things like that. So in this case, mapping services, they help a lot. Another thing that you can do is, for example, just tracking the changes. So for example, on Google Earth Pro, so you know, on Google Maps, it will show you the latest satellite imagery. But on Google Earth Pro, which is the app, you can see actually the historical images.  You can see if some construction has been made, if the mining project is going on, if some forest fire coat up and the consequences could be seen on the maps. And many, many different things. The second one is media. Of course, as I've said, there's a high chance that media has always republished something about the research topic you're investigating. And that's why we always check out what's there. So yeah, these are just all the different medias that are out there. In most of the cases, how our research works is that we are reading some article and we see there mentioning some photo or some interesting thing that they didn't follow up on. And we say, oh, that sounds interesting for us. We could probably do something about it. And then we base our research on it. The third one is user-generated content, which is basically everything on social media that users are posting.  So we use this information a lot. And the last one is databases and archived materials. So basically human knowledge of the world. This can be databases of books, like Google eBooks. It can be governmental databases of companies, like Companies House. It can be a private database of companies, like Lexus Nexus, which costs some money, information from Internet Archive, which has an archive of millions of websites, but also books, videos, and et cetera. So these are all the main four categories where we get our information from. And Joel quite used to those. And here are some other four categories that we do use from time to time. This are called gray area open source materials. Why gray area? Because there's a lot of question about ethics about them. Not all journalists consider these sources as open source. Some journalists do, some journalists don't because of the ethical reasons. So for example, we do use leaked materials. So this can be information from WikiLeaks, but it can be also information from leaked passwords and leaked platforms, like from D-hash, intellects, et cetera. It can be databases that we can buy basically on the Internet or find on Torrent. Here's an example of a database of Russian airlines. So Russian airlines, which is called Iaraflot, a couple years ago, we had a huge leak. So you could find info about the passengers. If you're searching for a person, you could see their past flights, their date of birth, their passport information, the people they flew with. So basically the people they bought tickets together with. So this kind of information. So if it has been leaked, we might use this material depending on the investigation. So I'll talk a bit about in the next slides when we do justify using those. Because there is, of course, two sides of it. So in one case, it can help us to find this GRU agent, FSB agent, or any other bad guy. But there is also another ethical issue is that because by buying this information we're incentivizing, of course, hackers to get this data, to leak this data, or we are supporting this platform which shares personal information of lots of people. So there's this trade-off. And in each case, we always have a discussion if it's really worth looking at this data. So we wouldn't just check it for some random person, but only when it would be in the public interest. Okay. Next one is contact books, which is apps like Get Contact, True Color, Sync Me. Has anybody heard about them? No? Okay.  So when somebody else, so the great thing about it is if somebody else that you don't know is calling you, it will tell you the name of this person, okay? It can tell you right away that it's a scam, or it can tell you right away that it's a bank, or some person's name. So how this works is, as I said, when you download it, you give access to your contact book. And when there are lots of people who have downloaded it, the app will have a huge contact cloud, right? And then you can do searches, you can search for this person, and then find how this person has been saved in some other users, okay? So for example, let's say that I never downloaded this get contact book, right? So I never downloaded it, I don't have my information on it. But my sister, for example, she doesn't hear, okay? She doesn't care about her, like, contacts being leaked, or she might have not read the terms, and she agreed to that. So if she saved me as, like, sister, okay? Then if you would search for my phone number, you would find that someone has saved me as sister, okay? If she saved me as ironish, I don't know, like ironish, my name, then you would find that someone saved me as ironish, okay? So this is a great way to find information about people, because usually this, like, bad guys, or just in general, like, people who don't want their information to be public, they have no say on it, right? Because if my sister, if my friend, if my colleague downloaded this app and they had my contact, then now my information will be exposed there, okay? So, yeah, this is, this is a sketch of things about contact books, and that's why they're in this gray area open source. But we do use them quite often, again, when we have a phone number and we want to find out who this phone number belongs to. The next one is exposed databases, database on MySQL, Amazon Web Services, but also, like, Google Sheets and stuff, and these are the databases that users have, but they don't really know that they made this database public. And then, again, there's this ethical question that, are you gonna use this information when the user didn't actually know that they made it public, okay? And the last one is dark web markets, like, Silk Road, Dream Market. We don't often, we don't really do our research there, we just, this applies for us to sometimes download like databases, but yeah, that's pretty it. Okay, so what is open source? This is a source that is freely available to the public. As I said, this can include a payroll, but in most of the cases, we do use free tools, okay? And I'll show you, I'll show a few at the end that we use, okay? And this does not include directorying or requesting hacking, stealing or spying, but it can include accessing publicly available leak data, okay? So we're never gonna, like, come up to a hacker and say, hey, could you hack this person, social media, or hack this database? But what we're gonna do if some hacker has already leaked it, if some organization has already leaked it, we might use this information, okay? So yeah, and just remember that when we are doing a research, it, yeah, the results that we have will depend on lots of different factors. If you are looking into a person, it will, of course, will depend on how much digital footprint this person leaves. We will also look at the platforms this person is using. So for example, if you're looking to Vkontakte or Facebook, Vkontakte is basically a Russian Facebook. So if you're doing a research on Facebook, and if, you can't really go out of Facebook to many other places, whereas if you're researching on Vkontakte, even if the account was closed, you would still be able to see their friends list, you would still be able to find out their date of birth, their alt profiles, alt bios, and et cetera, just because Vkontakte is more research friendly and it can get scraped, okay? The same with WhatsApp and Telegram. So Telegram is also a messaging app similar to WhatsApp, but it just has more features, and again, it's more research friendly. And if you were doing an investigation based on WhatsApp, it would be extremely difficult because you can't really find groups, you can't really find different channels and stuff, but if you found a Telegram, you can, first of all, do a search on different groups, even on private groups, on channels, private channels, and stuff like that. And if you find an account, you'll also be able to find their user name, and then just continue and continue your search, okay? So it really depends on what platform they're using. Another thing to remember is the privacy legislation in the country they're residing in. So for example, same with Russia. So in Russia, the government was collecting lots of information about the citizens, and they were intending to do this private, and they keep it to themselves for their use, but it gets hacked all the time, and that's why you can find a person, like a Russian citizen's passport information easily, their flight record, their cars, where the car is registered, the phone number that they used, and etc. So lots of information there. So if you're looking on information about Kyrgyzstan, it's somewhere in between, you can find some information. So if you were to research me, you would find my full name, my paternal name, you would find out my date of birth, my relatives, the village I used to live in, Kyrgyzstan, and things like that, because this information was made intentionally public, okay? But you can't really go further than that. Whereas in Germany, for example, it's completely closed off, because their privacy and data legislation is much better than I'd say. So it really depends on the countries you're researching in. Okay, yeah, open source investigations called a new genre of journalism and beyond. Again, when our founder started Bellinghead, it was 2014, it was quite new, and he was one of those pioneers, and nowadays it is really caught up, I'd say. So for example, New York Times has a great visual investigations team, where they do great just investigations into different matters, and they've won a couple of pool surprises for it. Washington Post has also their visual forensics team. BBC Africa Eye has also done some great investigations. So here there was this investigation called Anatomy of a Killing, just an amazing investigation that BBC Africa have done. So what happened was that there was a Facebook video circulating on the internet with some soldiers executing women and children. So there was like this horrific video. It was allegedly shot in Cameroon, and the people, the executors were Cameroon soldiers, okay, allegedly. But the government would deny this, saying this is fake news. I don't know, this is from a movie or something or some other different place, so it's not true, they were basically claiming. And then what BBC Africa Eye did, first of all, they geolocated this place. So you could see just a tiny bit, just a short video showing the soldier walking with women and children, and you could see some place around, like the road, how the roads looked, what buildings there were, and et cetera. So they were able to geolocate it and confirm that yes, this was actually shot in Cameroon. And then they were able also to confirm that this were actually Cameroon soldiers. And you guess how to do that? Okay, I guess, yeah? Yes, so looking at their uniform actually was very easy to check. What they did was they just googled like Cameroon uniform and they could see that this match is exactly the same. So they had to be on the ones. And yeah, as the result of this investigation, it was confirmed that this video is true and the children and women were executed by Cameroon soldiers, and later they were convicted of murder, okay? So this is what verification and geolocation can lead to. This is also getting popular in the non-governmental organizations, in the human rights organizations. So here's, for example, a vacancy for a human rights watch for open source investigations had. UN also has a team of open source investigators, okay? Again, this is all because people know how much power this open source has hold. You don't have to necessarily be in the conflict zone or be on-site to do investigations. You can sometimes do it just online, okay? Searching for relevant videos on the Internet, searching for relevant videos in the local language on YouTube, on TikTok, and et cetera. And yeah, and since there are so many information that is out there on the Internet, you can apply it to a great range of topics, okay? So this can be conflict zone, and conflict zone usually are the ones that get the most attention. They're not, I wouldn't say in Israel that this are the most popular investigations that are there, but that researchers do, but this are the ones that get the most attention. So for example, right now at Balanket, we have this project where we're looking at the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and what we are doing is we are basically collecting all those photos, videos posted in Ukraine, okay? So yeah, as you know, there are lots of people who are just taking photos of damages, of murder, of different atrocities, and we at Balanket, we are collecting those. We are verifying that this indeed happened in Ukraine and also it is new, it's not from like 10 years ago or from another place. We are also geolocating it, confirm that yes, this was, like this video was done in Lysichansk, this hospital was located in Lysichansk, this number like no five schools, et cetera, in Kiev, and et cetera, okay? So we are trying to geolocate it, and then we have this nice database of all these incidents. We are specifically focusing on civilian harm done in Ukraine. And then this gets transferred into a nice map where people like anybody can access it and see the cases, the incidents of civilian harm that we were able to verify and geolocate and confirm, okay? And why is this useful? It is useful because the, first of all, like other researchers, other journalists can do their investigations based on this data. The government, different justice accountability bodies can use this information because this has been verified and vetted by our staff, okay? And lots of other places. So for example, I'm currently looking also at the protests that turned out in Tajikistan, and yeah, my colleagues have looked at Yemen, Syria, and also many different other places, okay? So this can be applied to any conference. Yep, the next one is environmental research. Again, quite popular, I'd say. Just again, using different mapping services. You can see the changes in, I don't know, in the sea level or the level of the lakes. You can see the frustration, many different stuff. But you can also look at the mapping services not only with a satellite imagery, but also with different radars to see how the moisture index has changed, how the vegetation index has changed, and et cetera, okay? And lots of other different things. Basically again, looking for photos, for videos, posted on YouTube, Facebook, and et cetera. Then there's corruption and financial research. I've done a few investigations to corruption in Central Asia. And this are the cases, for example, in my case it was the fact that there was this very, very well-dandoned, influential corrupt family, but no one could prove that they were corrupt, right? And what we were able to do is find their Instagram accounts and Adna Klassniki accounts, which is like basically, again, Russian Facebook, of their family members. And we could see that they have, they're having this luxurious lifestyle that they would not be able to afford on their government salary. We were also able to find their nanny of this particular family, who was posting photos with private jets with the kids of this family who was doing a whole video tour of their new apartment in Dubai. Hold ten minutes of saying, like, my bosses have just bought this apartment, and we could see from their wife's Instagram account that this is her apartment because she posted videos. The walls were the same, the doors were the same, and different furniture. And then we could confirm that, like, when this nanny posted a photo from here, from this penthouse window, we could gel-locate it, we could find it dislocated in the most expensive area of Dubai, in this building, and it was a penthouse, and this cost a few million dollars. And again, this family was making around $10,000 a year on their governmental job, being the head of taxes in Kyrgyzstan, and there was no way they were able to afford it. So this came as a crucial evidence, yeah, crucial evidence to actually prove that they are corrupt, and then later they had to confirm it, and they, yeah, he was basically arrested, okay? There are also things like HR, criminal, a person-focused research, of course, and historical research. And the fun fact is, like, brands actually the first open source investigators because they used the information that was publicly available. So, yeah, and lots of also other very different things, okay? It's just the ones that are more popular right now. So, yeah, and what is Bellingcat? How many of you have heard about Bellingcat before? Okay, okay, I'll skip this one. So, yeah, we have our website. We publish in English, Russian, and Ukrainian. Some articles get translated. Some of the most popular ones are our investigators in Syria. So, Elad Higgins, our founder, he started actually with Syria. In his free time, he would just research what's going on there. It was like during 2013, 2014, because it was very difficult to find information about the Syrian war because it was... For journalists, it was very risky to go there. And what he figured that he can actually, like, find videos of what's going on there in Arabic because local people were also posting photos and videos of what's happening. And journalists just didn't know how to find it. And he was just, yeah, basically searching the same terms in Arabic. He would able... He was able to find videos. He would gelocate them and confirm that, yeah, here are chemical weapons being used and stuff like that. So, he had actually no background in anything like that. He never had a... Yeah, he never knew how to differentiate among different weapons, but then he just, by Googling, he became an expert at the end, okay? There is MH-17, the Downing of the Malaysian Boy and Cobra Ukraine in 2014. Again, when this one happened, no one really knew what was going on. Russia was blaming Ukraine. Ukraine was blaming Russia. And no one knew who was responsible for killing almost 300 people. And what we decided to do at that point is again turn to social media. So, you all know that the boy cannot be shot by just a random weapon. It has to be a missile launcher, right? Rocket system, some. And there are not that many missile launchers in Ukraine and Russia. And we suspected that if there was a missile launcher traveling, it would be with a convoy, with a military convoy. And some people would, of course, see it. Some, like, citizens would be able to see it and then upload it to the Internet. So, we started just searching on YouTube, on local social medias for a keyword military convoy. And then we started finding photos and videos that people were actually seeing it a few days, a couple of weeks before the downing of the boy. And then we were able to delicate those and then make this map. So, this missile launcher was spotted in Russia going to the border at this point of time. Then a couple days later, it was spotted in Ukraine at this place at this point of time. And then we could see the textual travel from Russia. And after the downing, we could again find the photos and videos of this missile launcher of the book. And when it was going back, we could see it was missing one missile, okay? And, yeah, this is just an example of how we looked at it. We also looked at the military unions that were near Ukraine, okay? So, one of the closest would be Kursk, which is in Russia. And then we started searching for soldiers who worked at this Kursk military unit. Because same as on Facebook, like people, like these people are like 19, 20, 21. They would, of course, indicate in their bios on their social medias that they work at this military unit. And then we would find their social medias. We would find that they were actually taking photos with their book. They were in this convoy posting photos because for them, it was quite exciting.  So they have uploaded lots of pictures on social media. And it was 2014. They had no idea that this info could be used, okay? So, yeah, then we have Scripple and Navalny Poisonings, where we've actually used quite a few of this gray area sources. So there was poisoning of Scripples and Navalny by Nevychok. And, yeah, again, in most of the cases, it was not really clear what happened. So what we did, we used this gray open source area, so leaked databases. If we had a name, we would search for this name and see if this name has any car registered to it, passport information, et cetera. We would find different flight records of these people. So for the, I think it was for Navalny investigation, we were searching for people who were traveling with him on the same route. And we eventually found some people that turned out to be traveling with him for a few years so they were tracing him. And then, yeah, we could find their passport info, their full name, their phone number. And then we'd go to those contact books, like Get Contact, True Caller, and searching for this phone number. We could see that. So this is a telegram bot, okay, which basically works on Get Contact. And we uploaded a phone number and we would tell us how this phone number was saved. Again, this was a phone number of agents, probably, and then he for sure did not have this app downloaded. But some of his friends did, some of his family members did, and they saved him as Vladimir Panayev, Panayev Vladimir, and FSB, Vladimir Alexandrovich Panayev, okay. So these things happen a lot, okay, saying like this FSB, because people usually save them as like where they know them from, right. And then we look at their phone records with this Navalny investigation, since we had a phone number, we went a little step further. So in Russia, you might know there's a lot of corruption going on same in Kyrgyzstan and in most of these countries you can actually find different websites of the workers from mobile operators, okay. They work for those mobile operators and they'll get you the phone record of a phone number that you're looking for, okay. So we requested this information that did cost us some money, but we could find out like all the phone numbers, this phone number called. And of course it would be like other high-ranking FSB officials, there would be a commander and stuff like that, but we also could see their location, okay, where this was, where the person was when doing a call when the phone was on. And yeah, you should remember that this is like FSB agents. There are also people, they do mistakes, some dumb of them. So for example, they have this rule, they are not supposed to turn on their phone wearing a mission because they can get tracked. And what they did actually was when they were near the hotel of Navalny, they actually turned on their phone for three seconds and these three seconds were enough to get the location from the mobile operator. And since we bought this data, we could also find it, okay. So let's do a quick example, which is called Locating ICS supporters. 2016, you might remember there was a huge campaign by ICS supporters taking photos and saying that they are actually, they live in Europe, they're in this city and they're actually among, yeah, and they're not basically, they're not far away, but in the Munster for example, in Paris to spread terror, okay. So what you would find is this kind of photo posted on Twitter and this one says like ICS supporter, like Germany, Munster, okay. And lots of ICS supporters would do that to spread fear that again, this ICS supporters are not somewhere far away, but here in their cities, okay. And the open source community started gelicating it and let's do it together. So please, yeah, just shout out a place that, shout out the details you see that can help you find out where exactly this is. Yeah, with this Munster, yes. Oh yeah, sure. So we want to find out where exactly this photo was taken. So what are the details that will help you? We have a first test for saying the bus. Yeah, you can actually just Google Munster bus and find out that Munster has similar buses. We cannot see really the number, okay, because it was uploaded on Twitter, so the route we didn't fill now, yep. Yeah, there is a poster and this is also very important. We couldn't really find, figure out what was written there and what advertisement it was, but then it got very useful, okay. Yeah, yes. Yeah, so now we're looking at the micro details. So if you find some similar place, the details you would cross reference, okay, to make sure this is the right place. So yeah, there's the white building behind, what else? Uh-huh, you can see the trees, you can see the lights I've heard. Yeah, you can see that there is one light there, two of them, yes, there is also a big shadow, okay. What do you think it is? It might be a bridge, it might be a building, but there, we'll go back to it later, but if you look at this place, it will give you a hint what this is, okay. So yeah, we could see also the crosswalk, okay, the crosswalk here, a few trees here, and yeah, these are the things. So we couldn't figure out where this place is, so what we did, we posted on Twitter saying, hey, does anybody recognize this place? Does anybody know how to find this place? And then this German resident tells us, on Twitter just replies, saying, actually in Germany, there is a map with all advertisement stands, okay, and then you can find it. So we went to this website, you can see there are just hundreds of these advertisements columns. So we go to Google Maps to do a satellite imagery, and then we start filtering the ones that could be, okay. Now, I'm gonna give you six options, okay, and you'll tell me which one is right, okay. Now look again at the details in this photo. What do those lights tell you? Yes, there is a cross, yeah, there is an intersection in there, okay. So look at all the details, okay, let's go. The first one, do you think it is the right place? Why not? Yes, no crossing. By the way, this green thing means this is where the ad was, okay, the column. What about this one? Okay, I'm hearing a no, let's look in the third one. Oh, it might be two lights for you, yeah. I'm sorry? Yes, there's no white building across the street, that's right, okay. What about the fourth one? Oh, I'm sorry, not anyone can see. Oh, perfect, that makes sense, yeah. What do you think about this one? Okay, I'm hearing maybes, okay. Number five, what's that? Yeah, yeah, it's not roundabout because they don't have lights, that's good. And the last one, okay, who thinks it's the number one? Number two, okay, I've got one, maybe. Number three, number four, okay, let's look at number four then. So now we are gonna zoom in, okay. And now we are gonna look at the micro details, okay, on the small details that match. So what do you see matching? Yeah, I can hear traffic lights. So here's one traffic light, yeah, and then here's the another one, and you can see it's also this shape, okay. This, yeah, so here, here's the shape. You can see it's not straight, it's curved, and here's the same. Anything else? I'm sorry? Four legs? Oh, that might be tricky because this is satellite imagery from Google and it was taken I think a few years before this took place, okay. So yeah, unfortunately, maybe you can do it, but we cannot access the satellites that are doing it the exact time, okay. So, yeah, yes, the lines. So you can see there's one sick line here, the same as here. I'm not sure if you're able to see it here, but there was also another one dashed, the thinner one. And you can see it's here too. Yep. You can see also this barrier. You might think it's a shadow, it's actually a barrier. And then we have a question about the shadow. Does anyone have a guess what the shadow means? This huge shadow, huh? Direction of what? Yeah, yeah, why is it so huge? Yes, that's right. So this photo was uploaded around 7 a.m., 8 a.m., and the shadow is much longer than it's in this Google photo. So the satellite images are usually taken at noon, sometime close to noon, to get the least amount of shadow, okay. So here's just an example that you can also track different projects, okay. And yeah, now we're gonna do another exercise, but just give me a second. We are finishing at 12, right? Oh, okay, so I thought 12. Okay, let me give you another example about the overflowing of information. So open source investigations are not black magic, okay, so we can only find what's there out in the Internet. But it also has its own challenges. So one challenge is that you cannot find that information that you need, meaning that there's just so little information about this person there or about this friend. Another is the opposite, having just this huge amount of information, okay. So here's an example. 2017, this white supremacist protests in the Charlottesville in the U.S.  And we wanted to find out who this person is, okay. So all we have is this one blurry picture and we know that this is a Charlottesville event in August 2017. So how do you think we can find this person? What would be your first step? Yeah, I can see the helmet here and there. So you can see this, he's wearing a helmet, white helmet. If you look closer, you'll also see that he has stickers, black and red that makes it quite unique, okay. That's good, so you know how to differentiate him from other people, yeah. Yeah, exactly, that's exactly what we did. We started looking for other photos and videos published about this event. We did like hashtag Charlottesville on Twitter, on Facebook, but we also just Googled and tried to find out as many photos and videos as possible, okay. So eventually, Eric was able to hear, yeah, he looked through a thousand of images and he eventually was able to find this guy. Do you think it's the same person? Could be. Why is that? Yeah, shirt is the same I'm hearing. Yeah, stickers also match, I'm hearing, yeah. So the shirt matches and the stickers also match, okay. So you can see there's this black sticker, but also red sticker. And also if you zoom in, you'll be able to see that there's something written in here and yeah, and this one's also match saying something killer, maybe. Yeah, something like this. And yeah, but again, so now we found a couple of images of him where we can see his face. But again, on this images, there was no text, no user names, no names, and so forth. So what we do is, yeah, we just continue searching for this person and then eventually we find this guy. So I'm pretty sure that some of you would suggest doing a facial recognition, but this one was back in 2017 and facial recognition in this case did not help. But nowadays, I'm pretty sure you would be able to find something. So then we find this guy. Do you think it's the same person? Yes, because of the birthmarks, that's right. So yeah, the birthmarks are the same and he's also wearing a chain and yeah, if you look at his ear, it's also has the same form. But again, we found another picture of him, but we didn't know who he is. So the next step for us would be searching for his friends, okay? It was the exact same, the exact same thing because we could see in the photos that he was always with this guy. So we assume that this are his friends and we find, if we find information on them, then we might find information on them. So we do the same thing and then we find this Twitter account called YesYourRacist basically exposing all these white supremacists on the protest, okay? So they posted this photo and screenshots from Facebook accounts of these guys. So we go to their profiles, we find Jacob Dix. You can see that the same guy. We can see Ryan Martin. Do you think these are the same people? Why is that? Yes, that is, okay? So here we're 100% sure that this is the same guy. We look at their friend list and then we can see that Jacob Dix, the blonde guy, his friend was Ryan Martin and then we just go through his friend list because we expect that the first person to be his friend and we find this Dan Borg-Borden. Here is the guy. We can see that his friend was Jacob Dix and Ryan Martin and then here are photos of him, okay? Do you think it's the same guy? Yeah, Burzmarks. So you can see that he has the same Burzmarks. He's wearing the same chain. And yeah, if you again look at the ears, it will be the same. Yeah. Yeah, and this is how just by sitting at computer area, I think it took him around two weeks maybe. He was able to go from this blurry photo to actually the name of this guy, okay? And then about two months after the investigation, the guy, Daniel Borg-Borden, was arrested and found guilty, okay?  Where do you draw the line on gathering personal information on someone? So, for example, if you're looking... If you're looking into neo-Nazi groups, do you think it's okay to create a fake profile with some other men's photos and pretend they're also watching the premise to get into this group and then infiltrate and check out all the data, okay? You might find it's okay. You might find it's not okay. Or if you're looking at this person, are you going to create a fake profile of their friends to friend them? And then once you get access to that information, delete it immediately. Again, I think most of the people would say no, but still some journalists would do it, okay? So it really depends on the line where you draw... Where we draw as a researcher, as an organization, and, of course, depending on the law of the country, okay? And yeah, if you're interested in this open source investigations, you can look at our tools. We have our toolkits at this link, because, by the way, I'm going to send you the... I'm going to send the percentage to organizers so you can get it, okay? And also, there is a great book of Michael Bezos, open source intelligence techniques. It's very thick, it basically has everything... Yeah, everything that a researcher would need. So yeah, sorry, we're a little bit late for questions. Yeah, thanks. I just checked the program, and I think the next one up is at one. So I think we have some time for questions. Yeah, let's just use it. Yeah, so... Okay, thank you for your presentation. I wonder how many languages do you master, and how do you approach languages that you don't speak or can read? Mm-hmm. I'd say some of us speak only one language, English. I personally speak three languages, and it really depends. What we use is Google Translate, okay, basically. So the team that works on Ukrainian research, like, I think most of the team, of course they don't speak Ukrainian or Russian, we have a new Ukrainian researcher, but still, majority of us are just translating it from Google Translate, yeah. So that's the thing. So first of all, thank you for your work, giving us some proper journalism to read. So two quick questions. First of all, how do you deal with, I guess, individual and organizational security and privacy?  And how do you, like... Yeah, sure, good question. For our security, yeah, we take it very seriously because we always get phishing attacks from, yeah, different people, especially from the Russian government. And for that one, we have our, first of all, we have our security person and we follow the protocol. So one of the thing is having the perfect cyber, having our digital security very, very well maintained, not clicking the links, not having the same password, so the very basic stuff. But also for the physical security, I'd say there's only one not visiting Russia. For, like, smearing campaigns, sometimes it does happen. In this case, we do have a trauma risk management policy where if a person is getting a rest or something like that, they, first of all, can approach to a psychologist, but we also have editors in the, yeah, and basically the management staff who can make a statement or who can take care of it or who can decide that it's better not to reply to the Twitter user, for example. That's a very question. Oh, okay. I'm sorry? Gami, one question is enough. The other two you can ask later after. Yeah, yeah, I'll be here. Okay, perfect. Because this will be the final question because there are people standing on their legs for an hour already and I think we really need to wrap this up if that's okay. Go ahead. Hi, I was wondering if you're estimating the uniqueness of, let's say, the stickers on the helmet and the birthmarks because there might be some collisions at some point. Say it again, sorry. There might be some collisions with other people having similar birthmarks or similar stickers. Do you estimate that? Yeah, yeah. So what we can do, so first of all, we look very closely at the birthmarks. There are actually hit around 10 and they were perfectly aligned. So in this case, we're 100% sure that the same guy, but if a person doesn't really have this birthmark or a tattoo that would give us 100% of that same person, we would go to, for example, like Microsoft Azure's tools to compare faces. Okay, so yeah, tools basically to compare faces. If it's higher than the 70% match, then we say it's the same person. So this basically, yeah, all good. Okay, thank you very much. I do have a workshop on geolocation in one hour and then you can also right now catch me for other questions, okay? Ooh, that's cool. Yes.


Hey, this is Brett, and this 2009 Chevrolet Corvette 3LT with the Callaway conversion package on it is stock number 13698Z. I am here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, you're new and use sports car headquarters. This 2009 Chevy Corvette has the 6.2 liter V8 LS3 engine. Probably would be 430 horsepower. This one, however, has, of course, the Callaway conversion which comes with a CS2000 supercharger on it, and it is the polished magna charger version, which at the time was an $8,495 option. And this one has 580 horsepower. This car has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop, has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off, and it is 100% ready to go, and probably one of the cleanest Corvettes I think we've ever had on our lot. The Callaway conversion also gives you the domed hood there with the special gold paint on there. I'm going to go all the way around in this video, inside, start it up, take a look under the hood, and just give you the most accurate representation I can of the car. Inside Crystal Metallic Tint Coat is the color, and I shoot all my videos in 4K, so if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, smartphone, or television, I recommend turning them on out because it is your best way to check out the quality condition and options of the vehicle before seeing it in person.  I didn't see any scratches, I didn't see any scuffs, paint is in very nice condition. If you like the video, you can subscribe to my YouTube channel, which is summit youtube.com slash summit auto. Click the bell notifications, you'll get updates on the videos that I do each and every day here at Summit Automotive, and we get a lot of sports cars in, so if you like the sports car videos, definitely click that subscribe button. We have one of the largest catalogs of vehicle walkarounds on YouTube, so that's pretty sweet. This one comes with the chromed alloy wheels. They are in very nice condition. Has Michelin Pilot Sport all season tires. These are 24540 ZR18s, and these tires look pretty new, and they still have the little wear knobs on them. I would say a very good amount of tread. You get the drilled rotors on there as well. Headlight lenses are nice and clear, factory fog lights, HID headlamps, front bumper I didn't see any scuffs, I didn't see any scrapes, didn't see any damage whatsoever. Get a really good look at that hood. That gold has just a little bit of metal flake in it. Really a cool color, as is the red crystal metallic tint coat. And that hood is absolutely perfect. We're going to turn it on and take a look underneath in just a little bit. Also, if you haven't noticed, this is a convertible. We'll put that top up at the end of the video as well. Passing the side front wheel is an excellent shape. And as you go down this side of this 2009 Chevrolet Corvette, take note of how clean that body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. I take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by, you just cannot make the trip down, but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle. You can see the car, hear the car, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. So when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises and you can make a smart and informed buying decision before you even get here. Get the Callaway lettering on the side there as well. And if this video does help you make that buying decision, let your salesman know that you saw the video, that it was helpful, and that Brett sent you. Back wheel is an excellent shape. And you can see just how much tread is left on those tires. It's about all I can show you underneath with the gimbal. Back brakes are drilled as well. Coming around to the back of the vehicle. Rear area looks really good. You also get this special, I think they call it the double D exhaust with the Callaway package. You also get the Callaway lettering, Callaway lettering right there. Take a look inside the trunk. Got some special stuff back here. So I think this is a windshield for when the soft top is, it's like a metal bar, I'm not sure what that is. I really don't have time today to figure out what that is. There's the original window sticker, feel free to pause that. And then this was sold I think originally at Hendrick Cars. So you get this little pamphlet of stuff there. Here is a breakdown of the Callaway conversion and the pricing on that system. And then what's really cool is you get this book with the certificate of authenticity from Callaway. Once again, feel free to pause that. And then there's just some other paperwork that goes along with this car with the back storage area is very nice and clean. And you get that carpeted Corvette top there or insert on the trunk lid. We'll put this back. Yeah, it's some sort of bar, not sure what it is. Like I said, I don't have time to figure out. We're doing a ton of videos today. And this happens to be one of the cars that we're doing. And coming around the driver's side just as clean as that passenger's side. For full disclosure, this back wheel is just as nice as the rest. Edge of the doors all look really good. Inside you get the 3LT package with the tan leather interior. Side curtain airbags, sorry about that. Anyways, no rips or tears on the seats, just normal wear which you'd expect. This is Callaway floor mats underneath these rubber covers. Bose sound power windows, locks and mirrors will hop inside. You do get the Callaway kick plate there as well. We'll show you all the things that this car has to offer and then we'll start it up. So we gotta start it. Starts right up. No check engine lights or anything like that. This one does have the heads up display, I don't know if you can see it, the windshield there. Brighten it up a little bit. And this car only has 8,385 miles on it, instrument cluster is very nice and clean. You get the leather wrapped steering wheel, audio controls on the right, Bluetooth on the left. This one has the touch screen radio, it has the factory navigation system on it. That was Highway 41 so you can see that's working nicely.  This one has the selective ride, magnetic ride control, tour and sport mode. There's your key fob. There is the Callaway badge on there as well, passenger side floor mat and seat are in excellent condition as well, no rips or tears on there. And then you get a compass display in the mirror. Also home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems. We'll put that soft top up, I'll show you how that works. Just press the button, this is the power one. I do have to get a pull down and turn and now it's locked into place. Alright, let's go take a look under the hood at that magnet charger. Let's take a look at the soft top here. That is in really nice condition, I didn't see any rips or tears on that. And I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video, you've been able to verify the quality, condition options and of course, cleanliness of this car all the way around inside and out. There is the CS2000 Supercharger, engine bay is very clean, runs very smooth. Once again, this car has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop, has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this car is 100% ready to go. Cool thing about this car, it was signed by Rick Hendrick. You also get this little plaque on the hood, but that's the polished one, they made a non-polished one I guess and this one was way more expensive than the non-polished one. Anyways, car is all ready to go, super clean and really, really a clean Corvette. Like I said, one of the cleanest Corvettes we've had on our lot, we usually get a lot of Corvettes in every year. So this is definitely one of the nicest. And I would highly recommend this car from a quality and condition standpoint and to see more pictures of this car or one of our other 550 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, sports cars, Corvettes, Camaros, Mustangs, Challenges, Chargers, you name it, we've got to go to that website right there, summitauto.com, full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle, all at summitauto.com and if you'd like to check out more HD videos, you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto, click the bell notifications, you'll get updates on the videos I do each and every day here at Summit Automotive. In fact, in a second you'll see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel in the upper left. There's more Corvette videos I've done in the upper right, link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right. Quick those check us out. We're super excited to help you with this Ultra Clean 2009 Chevrolet Corvette 3LT Callaway Conversion Convertible and Crystal Red Metallic Tin Coat. Thanks again for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe and share on the YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Thanks again.


A big theme today was people and peat because sometimes we look at peat as just an ecosystem for biodiversity or conservation aspect. What about the people on it? Tell me about the connection. Okay, yeah, that's exactly what the session was about. It's about the other relevance of peatland in Indonesia, especially in Indonesia. We have a large peatland area of 15 million hectares and some of them, perhaps I can quote some of the literature saying that between 10 to 25 percent have been occupied by local people, by communities and it has happened since 1970, so it's been like 40, 50 years. So the relevance of people in the peat ecosystem is very high and I think that is why it has to be part of the equation in dealing with the most recent emerging issues of conservation and sustainability. Do you think this connection sometimes is overlooked? I think, yeah, well, actually before the big fire event of 2015, it was not in the radar, in the discussion of sustainability of peatland discussion radar. So it used to be overlooked, but it survived, you know, I mean, these local people, they managed the land in a small-scale fashion, they managed to plan some, you know, commodities and sustain livelihoods, but they also had problems and it was sort of overlooked, although in other, on the other side, they survived their way, yeah. So but, you know, towards recently after this becomes a massive issues of fire and then of utilization by large scale, for example, the intersections or sort of the links came up. And you know, this 2015 environmental crisis, fire and haze in Indonesia was really a big event and it became a local issue that became projected on national, even international scale. How did that incident and this crisis change policy in Indonesia towards peatland management and also did it wake up communities or change communities' actions?  So, of course, you know, our presidents sort of established the peatland resolution agency and I think what has been the progress so far compared to what happened before 2015 is also the fact that many actors, stakeholders, they try to have the willingness to cooperate, yeah. Some obstacles are still there, but policies have been established, but especially the policies are mostly for the protection, for the rehabilitation, for the restoration. But not so much, perhaps I actually now talk about the challenge already, not so much policies that are aligned with the livelihoods of the local people, but at least, you know, people join forces. Can you touch on this slightly? There are some challenges in terms of integrating livelihoods into the equation. Can you expand a bit on that? In terms of practices, there have been good practices, yes, but making it sustainable for the livelihoods to continue, you know, it needs a list of enabling conditions like market, like certain policies to ask private sectors to involve, for example, to be committed, you know, and different actors and those are still challenging at this point in time, I think. At the small scale level, I think they survive, you know, but then if these small scale people have to comply with restoration approaches like rewetting, re-vegetation, polydiculture approach, there need to be other enablers or other enabling conditions for them to also sustain. You know, so that's, yeah, I think that's still, it shows some progress, but there's still bottlenecks. What do you think is the next step in terms of research into the connection between livelihoods and peat, whether your own research or for policymakers and other scientists? Yeah. Well, I think there are a whole long list of, you know, potential research for that. But one thing is indeed to see which species that can be incorporated in which type of restoration and how they can be sort of domesticated and adopted by farmers, not only from the biophysical perspectives but as well as from the livelihoods, markets, you know, this type of economic return perspectives. I think that type of research and assessments that produce concrete recommendation based on lessons learned, but then to be applicable for larger audience, for upscaling to different contexts, I think that would be really needed and, yeah, hopefully the research communities respond to that type of needs. Thank you so much for your time today. Okay, thank you so much.


Brave citizen of Staten Island, thank you for your participation in this groundbreaking experiment. You are one of the pioneers. In one week, you will make history. As part of a program that could change our nation forever, you will be among the first Americans to purge. The experiment will commence with the sound of this alarm. For the next 12 hours, all crime within the Staten Island borders will be legal and all emergency services will be suspended. Weapons of Class 4 and lower are authorized for use. All other weapons are restricted. You can purge as an individual or as a group for whatever reason you choose. You may want to settle a personal score or simply release the rage that is burning inside of you. If you believe in the goals of the experiment but do not wish to participate, leave a sign of support outside your home. We suggest a bouquet of blue Baptisia flowers, a symbol of rebirth. News media and government surveillance will operate with a heavy presence throughout the experiment. If you are concerned about revealing your identity, we suggest you wear a disguise or a mask. However, you choose to purge.  God bless you and all who purge. And God bless the United States of America, a nation reborn.


Okay, so we're looking at overcoming challenges and as individuals as a couple Just to be aware of the fact that yes Just because we are living We have challenges Lord Jesus himself said in this world you will have Challenges you will have tribulations But be a good share for I have overcome so the thing is the reality is that a child when challenges are Us personally or our marriage. It is a painful thing. No doubt. No, we're not in any way minimizing the pain It is a painful thing but We can go beyond we can receive healing we can go beyond that right so that's the good news. That's the That's it. That's the Encouragement that we have from our Lord and from scripture that there is a life beyond You know those challenges that we can live as overcomers. We can go through and come through Okay, now we're gonna look at some more challenges that we could be we could potentially face. Okay, and one such challenge isn't the area of the fact that that there could be Spouse in a marriage who's unsaved, you know, how does this happen? Well It could be because You know as a couple or as a husband and wife, right you One person came to came to know the Lord, right? You were not saved when you got married but then now In the course of marriage In the course of you know married life one one person comes to know the Lord and the other person is not saved and Because of that there are potential, you know, there's potential tension and conflict and challenges like in the family and the other thing could also be that well While getting married Even though the Bible says do not be unequally yoked with an unbeliever Well, one person just chose to ignore that and Because you know all kinds of reasoning, you know, you were emotionally attached to the person and a number of reasons But you made that choice, you know, the person one just makes the choice Based on emotions based on the fact that okay He or she is a good person And then go go on to make you know make that commitment get married and then you realize that well the person has very strong views about you know about world view about Have their own world views and then, you know, no matter what The person is not in a position is not in a place to receive Christ So that also causes a lot of tension that is that is a challenge Okay So this is what the word of God talks about in a 1 Corinthians 7 we Paul writes about, you know, this these kind of scenarios that can happen and On 1 Corinthians 7 we see this With his verse 12 right To the rest I not the Lord say if any brother has a wife who does not believe and She's willing to live with him. Let him not divorce her and the woman who has a husband who does not believe if he is willing to live with her let her not divorce him and Verse 14 for the unbelieving husband is sanctified by the wife and the unbelieving wife is sanctified by their husband Otherwise your children would be unclean but now they are holy but if If the unbeliever departs Let him depart a brother or sister is not under bondage in such cases, but God has called us to peace For how can you be?  Okay, so now now this is you know This verse many times is taken out of context and then and used and then reasoned And when people use it say to marry unbelieving people, okay, so this is a this is a situation where the husband where two people are already married and And then one comes to know the Lord is saved the other one is not saved Right and so so Paul is writing to such People or such situation in such people in such in the situations Saying that okay, this is what This is the scenario and this is what has happened If that one person in all the there are obviously there are conflicts that are differences There are things that are happening But it's saying that he's saying that if you know the Wife who does not believe is willing to live is willing to stay The differences are not so sharp Then let them stay let them live and so also it applies to the husband as well What is saying? Okay. That's fine. You believe this. I believe that but then I'm willing to stay and you know Let's let's go through life together fine. You know, let them stay Let them continue But also it says that if the unbeliever departs, okay, so the initiative is taken by the Unbeliever the person who does not believe that if the unbeliever departs Let them do so whether it's the woman or the man knows does not believe is not saved And they they're saying, okay. I want to you know, I want to end this marriage I want to leave then Saying that okay if they want to Then it's okay You're not under bondage in such cases You're not under bondage again, you know, it is a painful thing Right separation is painful Not undermining that but the scriptural instruction is if they want to go and If they are say adamant on saying that I know I want to end this then let them go Okay, let them depart Because you're not under bondage in such cases, okay, so first Peter 3 and verse 12 Sorry 3 verses 1 and 2 let me just put that up In the same way you wives must submit to your husband so that if any of them do not believe God's word Your conduct will win them over to believe it will not be necessary For you to say a word because they will see how pure and reverent your conduct is okay So the first case is like if they want to leave they can go They're not you're not bound in that case But even in 1 Corinthians 7 Paul writes and he says that You know verse 16, you know, how can we be sure that you know your life your conduct will draw them To Christ and they will get saved Okay, so that's good enough reason to continue on even though it could be difficult because the person might restrict Your living for Christ saying, okay, you cannot do this You cannot have prayer here Well, okay once it once a week church is fine But then you know don't bring that into the house, you know, let's not have any Bible study here No praying with the children, you know, all these kinds of things could happen but Your life and conduct could win the spouse over and and first Peter Peter also talks about the same thing it says You know when you when you submit yourselves the husband and the soul also applies to the husband to the unbelieving wife You know, how they would conduct themselves. So if even if the other person does not believe God's word Okay, so your life Your life's conduct and how you live your behavior your attitude everything will win them over to Christ And they do not you don't even have to say a word Right, there's no words reasonings It's not going to help because The other person might think okay, you have an agenda now Right, they're not able to objectively see the truth They're not seeking the truth in the first place they're not able to objectively see the truth because now You as a husband or you as a wife you're saying, okay, this is this is what I believe in and and you know, it's not It's not going to help unless They see the life They see the life they see the life Which means the words the attitudes the motives the thoughts the actions Everything and they see it consistently. It's not just on a Sunday when you return from church From the church service, but it's through the week on a Monday Tuesday Wednesday, you know, how does this person make choices? How does this person make certain decisions and how do they respond? react to circumstances all that so Because of their life, they'll be one over so it means that that opens their heart. Okay, and maybe I can consider now There is something to it Maybe now I will I can probably give a chance to listen to what they have to say right so far I Just completely close now I look at the life of my husband I look at the life of my wife Despite all that I have saw done and all that I have said all the things that I have restricted and all that You know, I've made life difficult for her. I've made life difficult for him, but I See the life they are living continuing to live. Maybe there is something more to it Right and so maybe it's time that I actually listen to what they have to say About why they made that choice, you know, really sit and listen. I've not done that so far But really maybe I can or even if I've heard maybe I can give an opportunity For Jesus maybe I can give one, you know, take that step open my life and See what will really happen, right? So that kind of a Place the spouse is able to come to if we live a, you know consistent life Okay So some key learnings is this that We see that God because we are righteous and we are in that place. We are the righteous one in that house well God will bless our spouse and the children as well Okay Again, I want to repeat this Retreat that this is a situation of two people who maybe got married when they didn't know Christ Right and now one of them has come to know Christ. So it's not like One person knows Christ one person does not know Christ and then you know, they make a decision Right It is well that could also happen or maybe a wrong decision may be a wrong choice And you're living with the consequences, you know, one is living with the consequences of that but No, this is the scenario okay, so The thing is that we see that God will bless Says okay, God is whatever blessing that you are receiving as a as a sanctified as a righteous person You know, the household is also experiencing that same blessing God chooses to bless because of your faith. Okay But we also see, you know, if the spouse willfully abandons and leaves because of your faith, it's fine. It's okay You know, but then the believing spouse is free to end that marriage If there is abandonment, okay So that is a thing that is a sequence if there is abandonment if the person chooses to leave and then, you know They can the logical conclusion is that yes this marriage Legally comes to an end There's a legal separation So that is that is possible. Okay, so Which gives rise to another question, you know, so what about divorce? Okay What about divorce? What is scripture? Yeah Yeah, yes Rosalind. So your question is, you know, can Can that person remarry in such case, you know, so so the so again, let me just spell it out You know, like so the person has abandoned the husband has abandoned and gone because he's of a different faith Doesn't want to continue in marriage. So the marriage ends legally, which means that there is a, you know legal divorce that happens because of the Law of the land the legal divorce that happens and in that case can the person remarry Well, the answer is yes and the and the and the reason is this because the divorce happened for You know, a biblically allowed a reason a scriptural reason Then the remarriage was also possible. Okay, we are going to look at that You know, what are the what are the scenarios in which the Bible says, okay? Divorce can happen. But first of all, you know, what are God's thoughts about divorce? Okay, so I hope I answered that question Rosalind But we'll, you know, when we look into this we will have even more, you know reasons You know, we're looking to the word, right? So so first of all, we just we just see that when we read Malachi to read Matthew 5 and All these scriptures, let me just see if I can put this up.  Okay, so so this God's this is God's heart. Okay Matthew chapter 5 The Lord Jesus are the words of the Lord Jesus Matthew chapter 5 verse 31 32 Anyone who divorces wife must given a written notice of divorce, which means that you can't be just frivolous about it Right can't just for any reason you cannot divorce verse 32. I but now I tell you if a man divorces wife For any reason other than her unfaithfulness Then he's guilty of making a commit adultery if she marries again Okay, and the man who marries a commit adultery also Matthew chapter 19 Some Pharisees came to him this was three Some Pharisees came to him and tried to trap him by asking does our law a lover man to divorce his wife for whatever reason he wishes This is the Lord's response to answer. Haven't you read the scripture that says that in the beginning the Creator made them male and female and God said for this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and unite with his wife and The two will become one so they are no longer to but one no human being must separate then what God has joined together Let not man separate but whom God is joined together Then the Pharisees asked him why then did Moses give the law for a man to hand his wife a divorce notice and send her away Was a Jesus answered Moses gave you permission to divorce your wife because you are so hard to teach and Another person says because of the hardness of your heart But it was not like that from the beginning and then the word Lord again read rates verse nine I tell you that any man who divorces wife for any cause other than her unfaithfulness Commits adultery if he marries some other woman. Okay Now One couldn't in seven the scripture that we saw now Paul writes he says for married people. I have a command which is not my own But the Lord's a man must a wife must not leave her husband. So this is again God's heart There was it's not an option or not the first option Verse 11, but if she does She must remain single or else be reconciled to a husband and a husband must not divorce his wife Okay, so this is the first and foremost thing God does not like divorce divorces not God's plan God not God's design So which means that every effort must be made in order to In order to not go in for that option of divorce every effort Every sincere effort every option must be explored. How can you know this couple or how can I you know? If you are the person who is being affected, how can I? You know stay in this Marriage what do I need to do in order to stay in the marriage? Okay Verse the verse that we read just now verse 15, you know a little earlier It says if one who is not a believer wishes to leave the Christian partner or believing spouse Let it be so so here, you know, so we so when we put these things together We understand that it was is not God's heart there was is not something that God wants That is not his plan and purpose. Okay, however In these kind of scenarios One spouse is married the others is a believer. The other is not and the unbelieving person wants to leave Then there is ground for divorce. Which means what is it? It means that it's abandonment The person is just Abandoning leaving and saying I cannot continue. I want to leave. Okay, so in such a scenario Yes, the scripture does such Just say that yes, it was permitted. But even then one must You know work at reconciling and see how You know the marriage can be saved But at the end of it, you know after all effort is made the unbelieving spouse chooses to leave. That's fine. Okay, then From the words of the Lord Jesus from what he how we address the Pharisees we see that If there is unfaithfulness Okay Again when we say that if there is unfaithfulness that's ground for divorce That is also it comes with the thing that Even if there's unfaithfulness, even if there has been repeated unfaithfulness and the trust has been broken Well, there can be reconciliation Right. So when you say unfaithfulness, we're saying that okay, the man, you know had an extra marital affair Whether the woman had an extra marital affair physical relationship with another person and You know, maybe it was there for you know, some some times a period of time and You know, obviously The spouse is hurt now that it has come, you know, it become public knowledge Maybe or she's come to know obviously hurt obviously does not trust the person Right. So even in that case Even in that place If the husband is repentant or if the wife is repentant saying, you know, yes, I know this happened but Can we put this behind I am repenting I'm asking for forgiveness This is this is why it happened. Whatever, you know, what could be the whatever could be the reason does not justify that happening But you know, this has happened. I'd like to come back and I and I seek forgiveness. I want to live a morally upright life Can you forgive can be reconciled? Yes You know in that case even the person who was hurt Can ask for time and say I'm not ready yet And I'm not ready yet. I need some healing. I need some restoration. You know, I need to think this over well can take time give it time and and Scripturally, you know, there is possibility of healing. You can receive healing. You can be restored marriage can be restored However, you know, if that unfaithfulness is a repeated offense if that unfaithfulness Continues on as a lifestyle the person is unrepentant and the person doesn't want to You know, excuse me, you know is unwilling to Change his or her ways Now that's ground. That's the political ground or biblical scriptural ground for divorce Okay, but with but also, you know having exhausted that option in the sense you tried to you know reason with a person to channel, you know, maybe there can be someone to Speak wisdom and say you need to change. This is not the way this and You know having exhausted that option Well, the Bible makes it plain the words of the Lord Jesus. Yes, if there is unfaithfulness Then it's fine. Okay, so So either it's unfaithfulness meaning adultery or If there is abandonment somebody just walks away Now what if there is there is, you know violence Right, what if there is violence in the sense the man is violent with a woman, you know as in most cases Yeah, I just want to be If any of the spouse is not repented for his or her act and still the other person decides to stay in the marriage Will it be wrong on his or her part in the eyes of God? Well Rosalind the the thing is it's a difficult scenario You know, it's it's it's it's going to hurt. You know, maybe, you know, this person is staying on for the sake of the Children the person is not repenting, you know The one who is maybe the husband of the wife is just not repenting just continuing to live the way he or she wants to live It's affecting definitely affecting the marriage. Well, but if the per if the spouse is choosing, you know, saying, you know I I still believe that God can work things out. I still believe that this person will change and I'm staying on because I You know, maybe the children's lives are at stake and you know, they are there already their life is affected because of this But then saying, okay, I won't I don't want to further cause any damage. I'm gonna stay and I'm gonna work things out And I'm believing God. Well It is it is fine, you know, it is fine in the eyes of God. It is actually, you know, absolutely She's doing a noble thing. It's a difficult thing But it's it's fine. You know, it's it's what God's heart is, right? But it's a difficult thing, right and Yeah, social pressure well kids are primary No, that's a that's a valid reason to continue to work things out. The social present not so much, you know, because You know others can say the relatives can say in-laws can say a lot of things But they're not going through it, you know, personally themselves. So, you know, it could be mistreatment. It could be, you know Verbal abuse. It could be sexual abuse. It could be whatever. No, they're not going through it Hey, they're not facing it. But here is this person facing it day in and day out and living under that roof. So Social pressure not so much. It's it's fine. You know, you can just actually Negate that but but yes, if there are children involved and for the sake of the children. Yes, that's a good enough reason but it's again a difficult choice a difficult decision and Having made the decision that definitely there is God's grace to empower that person to live that life and God will give ample opportunities for the Unrepentance spouse to change You know But it's thin ice, you know, it's that person is living a very dangerous life The person is moving away from you know, God's protective hand, right? It's moving oneself away from continuing to live in sin Opening his life or her life, you know, to the works of the enemy and the enemy comes to steal kill and destroy So it's a dangerous thing that they're doing but Yeah right so So if if there is, you know, yeah So if there is things so if the person does not repent now This is the consequence, but if the person repents, you know, and we've you know, we there are stories of Reconciliation and restoration and even from the depths of You know Immorality on one person's life unfaithfulness and you know, that has happened, right? Okay so another When it comes to remarriage, okay, so in all these cases if it's a biblical reason Because of which the divorce took place unfaithfulness abandonment Let's say domestic violence. Okay, so there is violence the the cause of action would be Self-preservation, okay, maybe violence in the home and One needs to save one's life. So If there's danger, you know violence to that extent, right or even otherwise to protect so for that sake They can be separation, right? You know, I I can't take that violence. I can't take that hitting anymore Right, I can't I don't I don't want to and this is not how God's design is for marriage. So well let's Let's be apart physically till Better sense prevails. There has to be you know, some kind of maybe counsel or input for both right one person to receive healing and from that trauma of Being violated And for the other person to to receive input and counsel that this is not how it is and it is well Not only is it scripturally wrong. It is against the law of the land. It's an offense right and They can be penalized put in prison for this And in some countries it's laws are very strict against domestic violence Right, even as so much a scratch That that person is inflicted. Well, they can be put behind bars And the punishment is very strict. So well In all these ways the person is a person is an offender. So definitely separation Till better sense prevails and counsel is received and change, you know, visible tangible change happens and then Yeah, yeah for the husband right to live together again, right and for them to maybe have individual counseling initially and Maybe they're not ready for joint session yet, but then come to a place of having a joint session of counseling together and Then the way forward right in case of domestic violence, but in case of domestic violence, okay It's been a pattern. Nothing has worked Repeatedly, you know, this is what is happening then that is again scriptural grounds for So so when when there's a scriptural ground for divorce and the divorce happens for these reasons not not for the sake of okay I I don't like this person anymore. We are not in camp in where we are in incompatible. We're not compatible anymore You know, not for those kinds of reasons trivial reasons, right? You know, we find we find that we are not Compatible, we're not able to relate to each other anymore. Not for those kind of things, you know So if the divorce happens for these kind of reasons, then it just goes For scriptural reasons if it happens then for scriptural reasons remarriage can also happen Okay, because we read in Let me just read One couldn't in seven Let me just read that scripture again It's here. Yeah Roman seven Two and three okay Romans chapter seven versus two and three okay For the woman who has a husband is bound Bound by law to her husband as long as he lives But if the husband dies, she's released from the law of her husband. So then if While her husband lives, she marries another man. She would be calling the interest But if her husband dies, she's free from the law so that she is no adulterous though She has married another man. So here in the case of in this case, it's about the death of a spouse. So the person having died now That is, you know The spouse is dead died About his dead. So therefore there is a cost that is a count for remarriage. Okay, the other thing that we see is One couldn't in seven. Okay, let's go to one content seven and worse And For I wish that all men were even as I myself But each one has his own gift from God one in this manner and the other and that But I say to the unmarried and to the widows It is good for them if they remain as I am but if they cannot He's talking about exercising self-control if they cannot let them marry for it is better to marry than to burn with passion So he's talking about remarriage again. So he's talking about people who are Either widows or unmarried okay, and When you're talking about unmarried, of course, you're talking about people who are single and people who are also who are Maybe legally the marriage has been dissolved, right? So saying okay, it is good for them to remain even as but if they cannot let them be married. Okay, then Verse 39 same chapter woman is bound by law as versus 30 38 39 40 talk about same thing echoes the same thing which Romans 7 talks about so so this is the thing, you know so if one person is a Widow if a person is You know divorced for these kind of scriptural reasons then remarriage is allowed for Scriptural reasons again remarriage is allowed If the should the person choose to remain single that's absolutely okay But if if the person chooses to remarry that is also fine, right? So Well, the thing is that You know, it's it's the thing is this, you know, we need to be careful In you know as a church as what do you believe was you know in In one you know in approving certain things and also in condemning Okay, let's say the divorce happened for XYZ reasons and then you know, there is this is a possibility of Then wanting to remarry Well, there has to be counsel, of course. There has to be counsel. There has to be There has to be preparation for marriage It should not be done hastily because there will be a repetition of the same kind of mistakes It should not be done hastily. There should be there should be preparation and There can be remarriage. So as a church, you know as as believers We need to kind of encourage, you know, once that that is stated once that is established Okay, this is for these reasons that the person is remarrying and it's not a trivial thing and and so on Well as a church It's not fair to keep condemning You know the divorce happened because of unfaithfulness and then, you know, maybe things have changed the person had a change of heart the person has You know as come to a place of repentance and etc. But what has happened has happened Okay, and now the person wants to you know, maybe the the divorce spouse You know he or she has Remarried and you know things have changed and then now here If the person should so desire to again remarry and live a you know, a live a normal life In a healthy marriage healthy family Well, they can do that, but there should be proper preparation proper, you know from from from the side of the Church or the ministry Preparing that because now, you know, let's say if they were children Things becomes very complex, right? It becomes a little complicated When it when it when you consider remarriage in what way is it complicated? Well, first of all the baggage of The previous marriage the negative things that would have happened emotional baggage of the previous marriage Now that needs to be there needs to be healing there needs to be I'll just stop presenting there needs to be healing there needs to be Restoration there needs to be preparation based on that If there were children from the previous marriage Okay, and the divorce happened the separation happened if there are children and if so who has the custody of the children Right as the husband has had the custody of the children does the wife have the custody of the children according to legally how it was settled in court And if the husband or the wife is seeking to remarry Now there are children Right so that also has to be considered so the preparation of marriage for marriage now is with the children in mind are the children ready Are the children emotionally prepared To To have this other person in their family Right so because they are biological father continues to be the father They could be visitation rights So it becomes a little more complex So the children have to be prepared as well Okay, so that is why scripture is very clean. I will shoot the person Paul says no if you don't want to Or you know just remain as as you are but It's just you know his wisdom is saying just remain as you are but then if you should choose to remarry then go ahead and do it But it has these difficulties it has these complexities not that you cannot face them But you need to be aware of them and prepared mentally emotionally Spiritually definitely we prepared to face them It's not going to be easy But it is possible So, you know we we need to look at all these things when we are considering the marriage Yeah Okay, so let me just stop here and you know, maybe you have some questions About divorce about remarriage We can talk about that Any questions Any questions at all And whatsoever Okay, fine. Is there are no questions That's fine. I just thought that there could be Some questions Especially, you know Especially about divorce when it comes to remarriage Okay, so I hope that you know this gives a clear idea about about divorce Also about challenges right about challenges faced by the husband by the wife And how to face them overcome them, etc. Right so you can go over the notes again Okay, so you can go over the notes again And how to face them overcome them, etc. Right, so you can go over the notes again Just to dwell on the scriptures that we looked at 1 Corinthians 7 Romans chapter 7 And the words of the Lord Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew Where he is talking about, you know, marriage is talking about divorce Malachi chapter 2, especially Matthew 5, Matthew 19. So all these scriptures Give us an understanding Okay, so we live in a world that is It is We see this prevalent There are single parents There are blended families Blended meaning People who Divorced, the husband is divorced, the wife is divorced And then they remarry And they have children from the previous marriage As well as their own biological children So then, you know, there are children from a previous marriage And then children from this marriage So that's what we call as blended families And so when that happens Well, how we need the wisdom You need the wisdom of God To handle that Also with children There should be no partiality Now No partiality in bringing up children And so it's a big ask It's a big commitment In such cases And one needs to be really Prepared In order to Go through Such kind of marriages Or be a parent And to make it Make the whole thing work Because that the Lord is in it Right? If we would Invite the Lord into that situation And the Lord is in it The Lord is for it So definitely One can make it work Okay So very Just wanted us to Now quickly go through The other aspect Of restoration Moving forward Which is to release things from the past Okay So I just want to quickly go through that Let me just share that Yeah So since we were talking about Divorce and remarriage Obviously It involves moving forward Like we said We don't want the past to control our present And definitely we don't want things happening In the present challenges To To affect our future Definitely not But the thing is how will that happen To desire Yes I don't want my present to affect my future I don't want my past to affect my present To desire that is great But we need to do something In the natural We need to do something In the emotional realm Or something Like for our emotions In order to be able to do that So that is to release the past So when we say release the past Okay We are talking about Releasing those hurts Those hurts that happened Because of our People who have been close to us Hurts that happened because of words Because of Maybe their attitude towards us Maybe their actions So if I were to ask you right now Can you think of One thing that is there on the top of your mind Someone who hurt you Someone who spoke anything To, you know, ill against you I'm sure something immediately comes to your mind Right Maybe in a few seconds you remember Certain Maybe that someone who spoke certain things And In a few seconds It comes to our mind So that means that we We still, maybe we have forgiven But that is still there in our minds Now that's a reality In a sense We forgive Well, we forget We receive healing But the memory remains We need to understand that Of those events Of those things that happened The memory remains While the memory could remain But the pain of that memory Need not The pain of that What we went through Need not be there Okay, there's a question here What can we do if one of the spouse Didn't see his expectation In his partner after getting married So that is what we looked at Now that is This expectation Of this is what Marriage would be like Now the expectation can be Realistic The expectation Can be very unrealistic expectation Right One might have a very unrealistic Maybe you watched the movies And you saw that happily ever after And wow It's like A picture out of Out of postcard You see that So it can be a very unrealistic expectation At times But If it is a realistic expectation Right This is what I expect Now the thing to do is How can I communicate that expectation How can I communicate that expectation With my spouse Well Maybe You know Maybe it's something to do with the love language Maybe it's something to do What is the expectation Maybe it could be something physical, emotional You know That expectation is not met Because maybe that person is communicating In a wrong way We looked at the love language How do I receive love How do I feel treasured Or nourished Or cherished When Maybe when the person spends quality time Maybe when the person When there's physical touch Physical intimacy Maybe when there is Words of affirmation When the person says it Maybe when the person gives a gift In all these different ways By which the person can communicate Maybe the spouse Maybe the spouse is not communicating In the right way Maybe that person thinks that If I do this Maybe I'm spending time But why is that person not thinking that I'm loving and I'm cherishing I'm spending time Am I not Well the other person feels that It's not spending time But actually if you open your mouth And say it Then I feel love Communication of the love language It could be because It can be sorted When there is a council When there is a marriage counseling And Scriptural marriage counseling This can be sorted So there can be an understanding Of expectations This is how this person feels loved Or this is how This person feels wanted So then I've been doing it wrong So let me now open up and share Open up and communicate the way The person wants it So it can be It can be changed And it can be met that way But it's very important Not to assume That the other person knows about my expectations But to really Share it I hope that helps Yes sir Thank you Okay so We were talking about releasing the past Releasing the hurts So the thing is that Well we can go into the future Step into the future Remember these events that have happened And come to a place Of Not Feeling those hurts Another question How can we deal with this We have no ill feeling against the person Talking about that person to others Whenever that topic comes in And Yeah in a very light manner Okay And not getting angry Okay so there's no anger There's no bitterness But then You bring that up in conversations You bring that person Which means you remember that incident In conversations But you're actually in a light manner In the sense Yeah you're making fun of the whole thing Well as long as both Are enjoying it You know laughing about it That's fine You know you're forgiven You're saying as long as both As long as it's not gossip As long as not Aligning the other person's reputation Or whatever As long as if the person was there Would they also enjoy That's fine Well If that whole thing is behind you And if it's not Very sensitive If you would talk in a public setting And the other person is also Laughing right along with you Then I guess it's okay In the absence of that person Okay that person is not there Then you just need to make sure That it's not gossip That it's not Something that's Interfering with the reputation of that person Digging down the name of that person Reputation of that person As long as it's not communicated in that manner Then it's fine Right Yeah So that's the thing Okay so I guess We have time We just need to wind up So we'll stop here So pressing forward This chapter 12 I really like us to Go through it And as a self study Because we're going to be dealing with it In healing and deliverance Also Or you already dealt with it I'm not sure So I just wanted to be a self study You can go through it You can go over it And next class We'll straight away jump into Chapter 13 Marriage relationship Protecting it rather So we'll go into Chapter 13 straight away Okay right Thank you God bless See you again