شكراً جميعاً للتلبية الحضور للاجتماع الثاني لمجموعة هيبالليجر فابريك ليبيا زما قرنا الباربس of the group hadee is to introduce a hyper-leisure ecosystem different systems exist in this ecosystem and including them in the hyper-leisure fabric اليوم معانا مهندس خالبي فيتوري سيد هيشانب البلا من IBM لتقدمون to the hyper-leisure fabric architecture وكما يتحدثون about what IBM can offer بلنقذ آيبكن جنغ بلا شهر ورواح اليوم بلا فابريك سريعاً وغربيون هل تجعل بباربس هيبالليجر فابريك ونقوم بالمجرد بلاعب مجرد بلغة سأرى مره جرد ونقوم بالنقام بلاعب مجرد وسنقوم بالنقام بخالد وحشام نحن نعطي سرعة هيك بيعجالة انترودكشن على البيئة اللي خالد وهي شام فمستر خالد الفتوري تيرتري سايل مانجر of IBM نورتافريك نورتافريكة. He joined IBM in 2019 as a sales manager responsible for total client relationship in Libya territory He is developing integrated solutions to address client's business needs both industry and business and deliver client value with supporting IBM business strategies Prior to joining IBM, خالد was at Cisco for more than 10 years where he served multiple sales rules in the Libyan market covering various industries commercial enterprise public sector and telecom خالد started his career in oil and gas industry at Schlumberger He served multiple rules as technical engineer and then moved to client management and sales rules and Mr. Fitturi holds a bachelor degree in computer electrical engineering from University of Tripoli هي شام. He is also joining us today from IBM Morocco He is the client technical leader in IBM North Africa He is a client technical leader for the banking industry at IBM In his role he guarantees the technical structure the architecture of the IBM solutions including hardware, software and services Mr. Vimbella joined IBM in 2014 as a solution manager for IBM business analytics platforms He deployed a number of solutions for international clients in Europe, North America and Middle East covering various industries telecom, financial sector and public sector Prior to joining IBM Mr. Vimbella was at NGA HR an HR outsourcing and publishing company where he served multiple rules as a consultant IT architect, pre-sales consultant and project manager Mr. Vimbella holds a bachelor degree in computer science and MBA from Al-Kewan University in Morocco سنبدأ بسرعة بسرعة بسرعة بلوكتشين سأمتع my screen و سنذهب ربما جميع يستطيع أن نرى the screen نعم بلوكتشين is one of these revolutionary technologies that appeared like in the last few years when I was trying to find out the best picture to start with I couldn't find a better picture than this one which describes the technology as how it's constructing different chains of blocks together and it's building trust it's a technology that builds trust between the different participants of the network so what's a blockchain? it's actually a database but it's a distributed shared ledger the way how it's constructed is that transactions are received from different clients or users and those transactions are getting composed together into a single what they call block this block will construct a number of transactions that will be linked to other blocks and all of that is done through some cryptographic functions specifically hashing so each block is linked to the previous block and the next block is linked to the previous block to construct this chain that will ensure that data cannot be changed as more transactions are added to the ledger as we say that's a database but there is definitely some major differences first thing is data integrity so records that are added in blockchain cannot be altered while in database their calls can be deleted or altered the audit trail which is one of the major let's say features that all actions are visible they can trace it back to the very first origin of when the transaction happened but in database only administrators can have this view on actions and even logs can be altered or changed over time so that's where trust doesn't exist in database systems while it exists in blockchain the only thing maybe with blockchain specifically one kind called the public blockchain is that adding records can take some time while in certain systems specifically the one that we're talking about today the ledger fabric it's reduced to a few milliseconds and the same in database records are added in a few milliseconds to the database main elements of blockchain technology public key cryptography and hashing function so cryptography is a core technology using blockchain public key cryptography is used to build identities of the users and hashing functions as we say is used to connect blocks to each other the distributed ledger which is a system of records that's distributed among all network participants and then the consensus protocol which is the mechanism through which these different participants will agree on adding records to the ledger and finally smart contracts which is the capability of programming blockchain to the different use cases or the different business processes that we would like to automate so there are three types of blockchain in terms of how to be deployed either public which is a kind of blockchain that's available to everyone everyone can join the software is definitely open source and everyone can create a node and join the network blockchain networks for cryptocurrency that we know of such as bitcoin, ethereum and others permission which is a blockchain type where few organizations agree to build a network let's say few banks would like to build a network let's say for clearance system so this can be a permissioned network where only participants that are known can join the network or a private which is can be a type of blockchain that's available within an internet within a single enterprise let's say an HR system for example the main features of blockchain is that it's immutability so as I said records cannot be changed and provenance which means that we can trace records to their origin so we can go back to time zero also transactions can be anonymous and most of these transactions are cryptographically secured with transparency specifically in public blockchain all of these features enable a model of trust that can enable different participants to streamline different business operations that in the current systems would require more auditing more reconciliation etc so the best maybe analogy to bring blockchain to people coming from maybe IT and telecom background is that there is parallel between what's blockchain and TCBIB both are revolutionary in terms of how they will transform the internet so TCBIB brought us to call it web2 and blockchain will bring us to what's known as web3 so TCBIB enables low cost connections blockchain also will enable low cost financial transactions and payments TCBIB enables bilateral messaging such as emails for example blockchain will enable bilateral financial transactions and what's the main thing here is that while TCBIB enabled exchange of information freely and more openly blockchain will enable exchange of value more freely and more openly anyone who plans to consider blockchain it's a bit of a journey so there is careful assessment so first need to identify the suitable use cases decide on which platform to build on and what type of blockchain we use and there are many hurdles like scalability how to scale the system but as I said certain platforms can reach thousands of transactions per second such as hyperledger fabric privacy which to ensure that even though there is transparency but certain data of the users need to be kept private and in these sessions where we are using hyperledger fabric we will look at some mechanisms where privacy can be achieved need to look at the workforce that need to be educated and brought up to the level of how to deploy blockchain solutions and at the end the governance especially in permissioned blockchain networks where different participants need to agree on who has the certain rules and the blockchain network so anyone would like to consider start learning about blockchain to things infrastructure which is today we are talking about hyperledger fabric so that's part of it and then smart contracts which how to code the business rules into a smart contract deployed on a blockchain to automate certain business processes different use cases exist for blockchain but they can be classified in three domains either documenting records and data or having a way to build an audit trail for these documents and data or to have smart contracts which will automate business rules or for exchange of value and this can be addressed in different sectors maybe financial services is the one that has witnessed early adoption and more applications on these three different domains but that can also go into real estate where we can enable having all these real estate records or land registry for example on blockchain in telecom as well where smart contracts can enable automating many business processes such as let's say roaming agreements in government digital identity is also one of those examples and even in renewable energy where people can trade the generated energy among the different participants so just quickly going through some examples let's say central bank digital currency which is now a days where the central bank will issue digital currency and the commercial banks will start to enable users to maintain their own wallets for this digital digital currency in addition to having maybe some anti money laundering authority or verification of users etc one example where one of hyperledger platforms called hyperledger aroha was used in the Cambodia and they built a trial for a central bank digital currency and having a considerable performance with around 1000 transactions per second also in financial markets where banks, regulators or stock market let's say authority and brokers can also participate in one network to enable trading of different financial instruments such as over the counter derivatives or bonds or credits etc a digital identity also one big example government of Canada with IBM they built some trials where users will store their digital identity in a digital wallet and through this identity they can get but they call it verifiable credentials to either prove that they are an employee at a certain place or they own a specific digital ID and also to enable them to perform any transactions with financial institutions voting as well can blockchain recently one company is targeting to record some of the voting results of the US selections on blockchain just recording this but it can also include the overall process from starting to issue the users certain IDs for verification going through submitting their votes in an encrypted way and then casting these votes and checking at the end of the reports as the voting process continues all of this in providing some anonymity as well as some trust between all the different participants to ensure that the voting process is legitimate and fair we'll stop here and I will hand it over to Khalid to start introducing the IBM Hyperledger Fabric and IBM Solution thank you Ahmed you didn't mention the chain supply supply chain supply chain is also one aspect but to be honest if we're going to go through use cases there is a long list but I just highlighted some of them but supply chain is definitely one of them okay thank you Ahmed for the starting up this by doing that I don't want to do much talk I will leave it to Hisham to take you through the slides and do the detailed talk about the blockchain and IBM platform for blockchain as he's the expert on that I'll just say a few words I mean myself two years ago when I was when I hear blockchain term the first thing came to my mind is the cryptocurrency that was the only use case I thought is for a blockchain but now I can see blockchain use cases are everywhere almost in each industry there is a blockchain use case some are very visible some will come later but this is where we are moving and this is the trend I see I'll just share my screen to show you something I mean for the people who interested to learn more about what IBM is doing on the blockchain you can go to the website developer.ibm.com and here you will see different technologies AI, analytical and blockchain is one of them so if you go to the blockchain you will learn a lot you will find the basic about the blockchain ABC and moving on to the developer level and you will see a lot of what IBM is doing in the blockchain domain you will find a lot of useful information self-learning, materials use cases and several things I invite you to visit this place and you will believe me you will benefit a lot of the information available there I'll stop at that I'll invite Heisham to take over and go through the presentation and I hope it will be very useful for you guys and you will learn a lot from it Heisham I hand this over to you please Thank you Khaled, thank you Ahmed I welcome everyone yeah so I'm very happy to be here and it's always good to see as for me as a aficionado of blockchain and other technology advancement that could change our lives and to see that we are advancing in the right direction and the Hyperledger chapter is now created in Libya and I'm sure a part of the Libyan future in IT and could have a real impact on Libyan people and on the business as well I'm from Morocco I'm an IT architect I'm a client technical leader in IBM I also do like the I have the blockchain subject in North Africa I'm leading it for IBM so today's presentation I rather try to be as straightforward as possible do not I mean do not hesitate to to interrupt if you have any question we can solve it out right away and then we'll leave some time to do questions by the end of the day so it's just if I can have a confirmation that you are able to see my screen yes you should okay great so to put everyone in the right context this is the presentation that you're going to see it's part of a a series of presentations that has been developed by IBM in order to talk about blockchain to explain blockchain from either from the business side or the technical side this is the technical series and it has multiple chapters we will mainly focus on the first one which is the introduction and how to use the IBM blockchain platform and if there is interest we can maybe schedule another call for the other how to model the blockchain application what are the best practices to have when you are designing an architect blockchain platform so that's about it I completely wanted to skip through the parts that were explained to you by Ahmed which is really interesting and to the point explanation of the blockchain technology and we'll then move forward with the IBM blockchain platform which as Ahmed has said is based on Hyperledger Fabric so we'll go on an overview of the basics of Hyperledger Fabric then its concepts and components and as I've said I'll try for it to be like if there is any question we'll go further up and then go to IBM blockchain platform so yeah as Ahmed has said the blockchain solution if we try to make I would say the parallel with what we are used to on IT systems we have like data structures we're used to that algorithms we're used to that we invoke algorithms or functions we model to at least we we work with this connection up in sockets to different businesses to different interactions and integration and drivers and then we have partners so assets would be the data structures contracts are the algorithms like what is needed in order to validate a transaction so the transaction would be when we do invoke this algorithm or this function and the business networks is where the value is created and and the participants are the different peers in this business network so I'd like to start with this situation example about consensus and a simple explanation of how does blockchain work so we are here okay we are either one of the audience we have the audience all those parts all those blue dots then we have these mathematicians with the big dots with M's and the the presenters let me just then maybe here or a laser pointer and we have the presenter here and the different so this is the situation we have a problem a problem is asked what is the square root of 2401 and we asking everyone can you please agree on an answer so this is how it works that the presenter would be asking the mathematician to calculate the square root of 2401 and every mathematician will write their answer on a piece of paper and sign it with their signature and then the presenter would collect every mathematician sign the response and then we will have to distribute the copies of the same answers to every member of the audience so when every every audience member agrees that the answer is the right one there is a consensus that's about it this is the participant that we have so the problem how much mathematician should the presenter ask so that the validation would not be costly to the different participants because at the end of the day there is a process in power that would be consumed each time a consensus is reached and how many mathematicians needs to agree for an answer to be correct and if there is a disagreement so that's the practical problem and this is where we will put a policy that would say okay this is how we do agree on a good answer this is the conditions that would make a good answer for us and that would characterize it so this is an example would be that we can agree that maybe all mathematicians must agree or we can say okay this is only the majority the two thirds this policy would be depending on the network and the business network that will be put in on the blockchain and this is where the governance of the blockchain would be really paramount in order to have the right policy in front of us and this is at the end of the day what will permit the transaction to be involved so a transaction we can be described as a change in the system a transaction cannot be only as maybe as Hadid has told you about the cryptocurrency that we sell as a transaction is a send in X number of whatever cryptocurrency to be a transaction is really a change on an entry in a system a change in a state so it could be a change in a bank balance that a student receives a diploma or parcel is delivered so as of now as we are talking today on a word without a blockchain every transaction is signed by a single organization so if you are issued a payment then the back would give you a statement that you have done this payment but the back would sign it alone and then maybe it will ask you afterwards to sign it as well but you will not have signed on the very same time so that's what's different when a university gives you a diploma it do sign it but maybe it would have required some other validation maybe by the governments or some other entity or a ministry for example that would sign this diploma as well so that's about the change in here is to allow this multi-party transaction so a transaction would not be valid unless it is signed by all the people that needs to be signed and again this is a policy it will be designed in the genesis of this network and as I said this is the heart of how hyperledger fabric is working so are we good there is there any question or should we go to the different concepts and components of hyperledger fabric I think it's clear from my side yeah if I may add just one thing the difference between the hyperledger platform and the other blockchain platforms is that they don't want to pay the miners and they want some of these transactions to be private with using the architecture of blockchain yes absolutely absolutely hyperledger fabric is not based on the proof of stake there is no risk reduction as we said to the miners or to the different pairs that will be validating on those transactions so that's the basis of it and that's why hyperledger is the best or the most I would say to not to not go into a polymica I would say but also to a business network because the most basic reason is that no business network would want to see the value of them doing business so making transaction with each other linked to a currency that's fluctuating so today making transaction I don't know I'm just saying a number out there is $1 maybe today it will be 10 maybe the next day it will be 5 then 15 and you know because the business like to be all to see or to forecast the revenue and the costs well that's not really a good idea for the mining to have to have this cost that will fluctuate right so yeah so let's go into the different the different concepts and components that are used with hyperledger fabric so in this you know in this slide you are we are seeing an organization see this is an organization which is organization one it has base it has ledgers it has I'll go to the channels after it has an application, policies smart contracts certificates, authority and ordering services and then you have all the channel is what is governing governing the pairs so we can we can have pair in multiple channels that we can have multiple blockchain so to say or multiple ledgers which are managed by the same base but which have information that are different we might want our organization if we are a bank for instance and we're making like business with other banks but on the other hand I am also a bank which has subsidiaries and I want to be connected on a blockchain with other banks and the central bank but I also want to be connected with our subsidiaries on a blockchain for another use case so I wouldn't want to have like those are the pairs for the banks those are the pairs for my subsidiaries no I won't have my pairs and my pairs would be on different channels so this is what the channel is about and this is one of the you know a new functionalities that have been introduced by the later versions of hyperledger and then at the end of the day we have the ordinary service which for simplicity are the one which would broadcast the change once it is validated and once it is on those validated and all the steps we will see that afterwards the ordinary service will be the one which are broadcasting to all the participants for all the pairs to write a new entry onto the blockchain so so this is the network we are having multiple organizations multiple pairs which are connected using one or using the same channel and yeah definitely the organization can own any number of nodes so that's really as part of the architecture of the network we'll have some pairs that will say okay I want a node I want to have a node in my data center or I want to own a node that might be on the cloud but that will be mine and I will be managing it or there is maybe an organization saying okay I would need multiple nodes because you know I need to be a major part of the trust that's on the network so I want to have my way so to say in the overall trust or there is an organization saying okay I'm good I can be a part of this network but I don't need any pairs so I will have an application that will connect me to the blockchain network but I don't want to have a pair which is based with me so really there is no set rule even the consensus it's not set with hyperledger fabric there are multiple consensus algorithms that we can be using so it depends on the really on how we architect in it on the trust that exists actual trust that exists today with the between the different participants of this network so that's where it is really important so what we are seeing today is different paths that we can play with on our architecture so the policy is what is permitting the fact how we do validate a how we do validate the transaction so it serves like the organization right or a constitution it's really the basis of this network and it is set normally the use cases that I've seen is that usually it will be set by a consortium of the different paths of the network the different stakeholders of the network they will get together and say okay this is how our policy should look like this is how we we will be doing it and any change in the policy because it's possible that something needs to be updated so it's not written in stone but I would say the governing body of this blockchain network will make the majority or organization agree on this change or maybe that organization must agree on this change so we will work that in this particular case in order to be able to change a policy and so once it is we do validate it it needs to be validated the transaction needs to be validated with the other organization so the ledger how do I put it it is really the same the same the same the same the same the same the same the same here Here here where I put it here is the database فقط ، فعلاً ، في التباقية ، يمكن أن يكون مدينة ، يمكن أن يكون مجموعة ويجب أن يكون المدينة من هذه الألوان هو أن يتبقى بشكل كبير أو مدينة كبير كما يجب أن يكون هناك مجموعة دعني أخبرك في الملعقة الملعقة كما أخبرك لديك مجموعة سأعطي أخضر إذا كنتم مع المستخدمين المسكولين ومع المستخدمين الكريبو يجب أن يكون هناك مجموعة لديهم ممتاز كريبتو على المجموعة ويجب أن يتعلق مع المجموعة بينهم في المجموعة ما هو المعلومات التي ستتعرف في هذا المجموعة؟ يجب أن يكون دعونا نلتصف فرق up about 5 currencies دعو ندعوهم اي اي اي مثل اي اي اي اي اي اي اي اي اي اي اي اي اي فهي لا يوجد سبباً ونقوم بسيطة على المتابعة. إذا نحتاج إلى ترى أو أن نعرف ما هو مالذي يوجد من المشاكل بما يوجد من المشاكل من اجهزة. نحتاج إلى تجعل ان تقوم بكل المشاكل التي يصبحت في المتابعة. فعلياً كل المشاكل في التي يظهز اجهزة. لكي يقوم بردد من المشاكل في اجهزة الوصول في الوصول 50. ثم يقوم بعمل 5 ، ثم يقوم بعمل 4 ، حسنًا ، يوجد 43 ايكوين أو 41 في هذا المثال ، إذا كنت مستخدم ، this is his balance. هذه المعلومة سيكون موجودة على السلطة العالمية. هذا هو ما السلطة العالمية يوجد. السلطة العالمية يوجد as a helper, as a way to increase the performance of the blockchain, but in no way it can supplement the information that is on the blockchain itself. table of the blockchain and the world state, the smart contracts read and write from the world state, the sort procedures and it is in the benefit of the performance. والتطبيق يضع التساعدة إلى المدينة التي ستضعها ويضعها ويضعها على المدينة البلدية ولكنها ستضعها على المدينة البلدية مرحبا، هل يمكننا أن نرى أن المدينة البلدية تصميم مدينة البلدية؟ إنها لم تقديم المدينة البلدية باستطابع أن المدينة البلدية ت الناس لن تقديم المدينة البلدية بأي طريقة هل يمكنني التساعدة على المدينة البلدية؟ searching I would like to go five slides back to the introduction slide of the components. I believe. Yes This one. So I have a question about the ordering service, which I did not actually understand the purpose of the ordering service, and they have a problem in making the correlation between the policies and smart contracts. So the policies as far as the admission goes in the following slides حيث تقريباً. ماذا يجب أن تفعل المساعدات المساعدة؟ لأنها تفعيل المساعدة المساعدة. الآن، المساعدة أيضاً جداً جداً لأن المساعدة هل أنت بسيطة من المساعدة المساعدة أو مستخدمة مستخدمة المساعدة المساعدة؟ هذا هو السؤال الثاني. السؤال الثاني هو about database. is it updated on each transaction or does every peer have its own policy on how to update database? and is the operations or submissions of the applications done based on the word state or basically the database or is it done based on the ledgers? So, for example, in making a transaction in order to make a transaction or to move some money from account A to account B it has to validate that account A has a specific amount of money. now in order for the peer to make sure that that account has that amount moon doesn't go to the world state or does it go through the transactions, I believe since you said they reduced timing and have led just few milliseconds and they have to, used that X somehow to do this. Yeah absolutely right maybe I'll go back in your questions indeed you absolutely right the some contracts in order to see or to make sure that the balance is present قبل أن نقوم بعمل التحديد. سنذهب إلى المنطقة العالمية ونذهب إلى المنطقة العالمية. لأن التحديد يجب أن نقوم بعمل التحديد. لأننا لن يجب أن نقوم بعمل التحديد. لأنه على بيتكاين I think a couple of years before the whole ledger was about 20 gigabytes for the wallet. So if we wanted to go and traverse the whole 20 gigabytes of texts even with a high CPU then the performance would be really good. So to me this is so the word state is sort of like a derived attribute in a database. It still doesn't discontradict the entire idea behind the blockchains like you're using the derived attribute in a database. Or is there some sort of security policy that's enforced to make sure that databases are synchronized because the word states has to also match between different peers as well. Is that correct? Yeah, definitely. And that's part of the endorsement policy that all the peers would be running. See, for instance, if I have information that my account has 100 e-coins and I need to endorse a transaction because you would send you different peers in order to endorse. What does it mean in those? It's that they will make the same transaction. And if I have information which everyone knows, then there is a problem, right? Because every peer needs to have the exact same results. So the information needs to be the same across all the different peers. If a peer is moving out then there are policies at this point in order to manage the peer which is 4k which is going another way and understand why and maybe cut them from the network the time to understand what's happened. And then once they do come back they do not come back with the word states they come back on a new copy of the blockchain the same as with the others. In case there is a discrepancy In case there is a discrepancy Right, so the system Yeah Yeah, go ahead I mean all of this I mean it is what hyperledger is doing you know in the you know behind the curtains is making sure as with the policies and how the algorithms work is to make sure that every peer has the very same copy and the states is different so that's the basis of how it's functioned So if I understand correctly the answer to the question before this I believe this also answers the questions about the difference between the policies and the smart contracts so they replaced the brute force with policies or they did not actually replace it it's just a smarter way of validating the transactions of the smart contracts based on the policies so saying all the peers have to agree and the transaction is defined by the smart contracts Yeah the policies are the rules that we agree on on our channel or on our blockchain the smart contracts are the enforcers of those rules The applications is what they are The application is our you know is how as users have access to the blockchain so the application is our application with it's there where we do call the the blockchains, different APIs and different calls, this is from where we are doing it so from a how we do describe them in this in this figure I understand, I'm really sorry about the questions It is perfectly fine that's why that's why we are here in order to understand and I hope it's clear as with the orderer I'll give an example later in the presentation on how a transaction is maybe it will help you it will help you have a clear understanding of what are the orderer but those are like I would say actors which are not part of an organization which are not peers but they make sure of the synchronicity of all these transactions if I can put it so before I mean after everything stayed and done see like the transaction is good we understood we validated and all you know the different steps that needs to happen then it is with the orderer they will send the order to the different peers if they do not receive the order from the peers do not receive this they will not wait it even if they do endorse it I see thank you very much I'm sorry again for the interruption don't worry about it really my pleasure so this is an example in fact of a ledger so even if everything is on a blockchain and that's the basis of a permissioned blockchain in which every entity or any party would only see what they are able to see or they are entitled to see in this case we have an example like cause information within a country within a government and we have in different views or so to say information that is public to all the organization all the cars so we have in different makes different models different years and so on so this is information that is public to everyone and then information that is private to the ministry of transportation for instance and police is the car owners so every car and their owner then there is also information that is private only to the police is a status of a car of an owner for instance that the car one is stolen or has been speeding where and then we have also the choice to filter so we can filter on a view and say okay I want to see all the cars that are the year before before 2000 the year 2000 then all this information this is what we get from the blockchain system but then on the blockchain this is how you will be able to see like transaction one by car one and this is on the same block then on the next block we will have other kind of information which are written in there so so this is the structure of the the client application the client application is part of an organization and this is really important it has a certificate because it needs to be authenticated before it is able to do anything on the blockchain so it has a certificate based on cryptography it is the base so it will connect to a gateway using an identity from a wallet then it will select an available network and smart contract the one that it can be connected to and they will submit the transaction and check for the responses if it is validated or not and then this connects from the gateway this is how we as users as developers as other kind of operators administrator and so on this is what we see only see the application so all the what we have been discussing on the consensus in the different pairs with the word states and so on it is completely hidden see it is completely hidden from the application itself we only make one call validate or make this transaction and then we will have the the response so this is an example of how the application is square rate so they will query their own organization pair so the application for one bank for instance will go and query their pairs they will not go and query the pairs from other from other organization because the information here is the same as here and so on we should be we have like made that statement already and each one would be as I've said query their ones so I'll give an example of how a transaction is submitted through the network the first one we've made as a contract submit transaction add call to its make it will go and connect through the channel to the different to the pairs in order to create multi-parties transaction because for this example we require 1 and 2 to be signing the transaction so we'll have like the what will happen behind the scene is that we'll have the right car tool for the transaction which is signed by org1 and write car2 signed by org2 and why is that? is that we have a policy that say for this case org1 and org2 must sign so we will have a response from the different pairs to the application and then what will happen is that the application would send the right car to transaction which is signed by org1 and org2 to the ordering services at this at this moment that ordering service would send to all the different pairs the order to write the transaction in the ledger which will be then like we've said also cascaded to the word states so that we make sure that every pair is being synchronized and then it is going to the word states as well that it is synchronized and we'll have the response to the application that the transaction has been done and completed is there any questions so far? yeah one of the issues that you have almost talked about about the ledger because of the lack of many things it's not as transparent and secure because there is no incentive for anybody to verify or to keep the network sounder and save even though each organization is controlled by governance and by rules and all that but it's not the same so it's the hybrid ledger fabric especially took away a little bit from blockchain but they still use in the blockchain principles even though they are not really working with it like the consensus like the proof of work the permissions permission list and the public and they try to use the other software that's built on Linux community to overcome of this are there any use cases that that's we can up to 2019 I think everybody is saying there is a lack of use case around the world to participate in this technology I do I can provide a number of use cases that's how today into production with this technology maybe by the end of the presentation if we have some time I'll get to that in order to present you the major use cases that's how I don't work we need to make sure I understand and your position in which proof of work would provide this as to make sure what motivation would have in order to participate in this network I will reply to you that it is about trust and we have a cost of trust so in the case of cryptocurrencies to not name it or other cryptocurrencies out there there is a cost which is the the heat and electricity that would come into all those different nodes trying to guess the challenge before you know and one only one would be getting it there is a cost on the one hand on the other hand but that's what that's what enforces the trust and enforces the security this is what this is what makes I mean I'm getting to that because we are talking on the case of transactions that are made amongst people who are completely anonymous and we need to it's not a small feat I'm 100% there to make two people make transactions between one another that don't I mean we don't even know it's the first letter of the first name and we do make transactions business you know we do send them money maybe in exchange of a service or a good or whatever so and it's not because of that but what is hyper ledger fabric is about it's about permission networks business networks with people that do know each other that do identify with each other that have a reason to make this network working so that's really the difference there yeah I think it's a blockchain special yeah in both cases we need to build trust but in case of public blockchain as Heisham said it's trust between people who doesn't know each other who are spread all over the world but in the case of permissioned block chains such as in hyper ledger fabric there is a level of trust that's already established because it's a network between let's say banks or in supply chain it's between let's say different companies that exchange goods so there is a level of trust there but there is still the need for blockchain in this case is to mainly to automate the business process and ensure that data is recorded and cannot be changed or altered even privacy in this case is more in the case of permissioned blockchain than in public blockchain but either one has its own applications and definitely has its own advantages and disadvantages I think if I may add something it's it's the world that is the regulated ecosystem versus the unregulated ecosystem yeah yeah it's more about yeah which is one is that like more open to everyone to join the other one is a little bit restricted so it's usually as he said it's a consortium it's a business network so still users can still access this business network but based on some rules that those organizations define absolutely absolutely Andy it's a little bit different as making maybe a transaction with each other it's sometimes about in some use case because it is slow to make business with each other because if each one of us or each one of the business participants has their own way of storing the data I might have like this is how I saw my data this is the data that is important to me and the other part or the other party has the information is different or how they are saw in the data and if we do not agree with each other it takes time in order to to get okay this is the data this is what I need this is how I need it and to reach an agreement if we had a blockchain network you know between us we'll have the same you know the same information which is shared and you know if there is disagreement just go back to the blockchain you don't even need to talk to me so this is how we how we base in it this kind of information that we need of use cases that's useful on a business network as opposed to be able to make so that's where this cost of trust would be different we'll say okay maybe we know each other we don't need to go all the way to a proof of work kind of implementation let's make it maybe less costly and agree on a set of policies which makes us happy to make business on this network I think you can move ahead Tisha so no thank you that's a very good question I like that and always like to debate about this obviously there is no right or wrong there is only needs and requirements and based on that we need to architect the best solution I mean even with Hyperledger it is possible to implement proof of work for instance because you know the consensus algorithm is not set in stone we can change it based on the network that we have in front of us and we need to architect for so yeah that's about the how it is how it is possible here maybe if if I may I was talking to you about the multiple networks and the multiple channels we can from our application be able to connect to different channels let's consider channels only for simplicity at this point like different so each one is with different sets of information and different organization can be part of that using the same the same pairs and here what's important is that each one of the nodes like each and every one of those needs to be identified we do have like we can have like a certificate authority as part of an organization that will provide the different x509 certificate that will make them identified or we can have a third party one or external one that's depending on how we want to do it but each one of those needs to be identified and without this we can't work really and each we need to be able to take care for that certificate so be it on instance or on cloud and we have like some some tools like high security modules or electronic vaults that would take care of keeping those certificates in security in order to make sure that it's not the wrong hands so to simplify the wallet is the identity that's not much than that it permits to identify the different part or participants or user of a blockchain and from that identification we can define the member and so on operator and so on as a user and yeah basically application can use multiple wallets because applications can be connected to the different channels and yeah I mean this is really our ability to have like multiple connection option multiple in a gateway to be able to you know to have availability to different nodes this is a really simple application that will permit to make a transaction this is really straightforward I think 10-15 lines of code that's what you need to do in order to make your first transaction your first hello world transaction on a blockchain a smart contract it is as I've said this is an example of a smart contract so it will it will get what's on the information get different inputs like the context, issuer, value, date and face value in here and interact with the ledger in order to make sure that all the conditions are met before transaction is validated yeah maybe before going on to the IBM blockchain platform to IDP is there any question I'll cover one okay okay great so yeah basically IBM's blockchain strategy is based on IBM blockchain platform in the sense that this is the main the main solution that IBM is using for implementing blockchain use cases with the clients and also offering as a service on the cloud but also as a how do I call it as an on-prem kind of solution that you can install on a node on your own data centers which is one maybe of one of the good choices that you have in this case so basically IBM blockchain platform is based on Hyperledger it's not only Hyperledger in the sense that it permits new or it facilitates some functions with Hyperledger that would need maybe an administrator and operator to do it so it will permit or facilitates out of the box so from this the IBM blockchain platform solutions are built on that solution if you are familiar with that and maybe we'll get to that later is IBM Foot Trust which is the supply chain or the use case for for provenance of goods edible goods from the farmer to the supermarket to see all the trace of that food then you also have the MERSC the trade lens the MERSC use case so for supply chain like you said really good use case for blockchain and then you have IBM World Wire which is a way of sending money on the seas of trans borders without using Swift and so that's one of the solutions that IBM did develop and they they would also mean that it is proposed to a better client so if you are a port a custom agency you can be part of the trade lens of the MERSC supply chain solution just by being subscribed to it and and so on on top of that you have the ecosystem and across of each and every one of those different components you have IBM services with expertise and teams that will make or help from the ideation to the production إشام would like to add this new service that I read about from IBM which is the IBM digital health pass which is related to COVID-19 and how to restart the economy so building digital identities on blockchain and allowing people to submit verification of their COVID-19 test or other verification required absolutely absolutely really I would say even further I mean the digital identity use case is very important or very useful in the case of the blockchain because of the trust that we have on the system but also about our control of the data that is possible so for instance if I have the digital identity on a blockchain this is my national ID number and it will have my information and I will be able to control who is able to see it on a factual matter it also could have my medical records in there if I need to share it with the doctor hospital what I will share with them for them in order to be able to see I can also revoke the access to that information another type of example is that the KYC with the banks the telcos because they need to be able to identify the customers so that I can point them to my digital identity on a blockchain no need for me to provide any other proofs or whatever and at the maybe end of the spectrum see for instance in broken and we have to make requests for visas for Europe for US whatever and we need to provide a whole set of papers in order to be approved for that and if I had my digital identity on a blockchain I would point them to that and they be able to see approve or disapprove but I would not need to make all this process each and every time with the same papers not withstanding the ecological factor of those kind of new cases so IBM blockchain platform it is based on Kubernetes because the hyperledger fabric do run on Kubernetes and it is it can be you know deployed on IBM IBM Cloud IBM Kubernetes Service or OpenShift it can be on-prem and other clouds like AWS Azure or Google Cloud so what it does in fact give you on top of hyperledger fabric is those developer tools and the operator tools so the developer tools is for you know advanced tooling like create management contracts applications and network and the this choice to deploy anywhere with you know you know only clicks in order to deploy on the different clouds so it is important to to make the like there is only one like blockchain platform there is no like IBM Cloud version on-prem version different cloud version it is same one everything is is the same that's where IBM is coming from the hybrid cloud we don't want to have different flavors so it's the same so that it's the very same experience for each and every one of you know the different nodes and also because you know it needs to be interoperable from a different standpoint so how to get started maybe I'll get to that on IBM blockchain platform it is you know you can there is an add-on to the VS code virtual studio code which is open source it can be developed and you know it works on Linux windows and macOS and there is an IBM blockchain platform add-on on there which will permit you to begin create your smart contracts creates your own your connection to your network your new network and here you can see the IBM IBM I've been console this is how it looks like see you seen that you know you have your nodes your pairs based maybe in this case it's on IBM cloud so it's based on different regions with one organization so pairs certificates, authorities orders and so on so this is you can see like a high level view of every one of those you know you can configure your infrastructure you can connect and manage the different components the policy and IDT management is here and even like the smart contracts management can be here it can be installed and so on and lastly it is installed on IBM cloud on Kubernetes cluster or this is not visible on this slide yet but it is also an open shift they're working like an open shift closer on IBM cloud so in like each of the components of Hyperledger Fabric do run on a single pod or a single container so you have another here it is a container and in it node it is a container the chain and so on so each one of them is a separate container to allow for I will not give you the advantages of microservices here but it will allow the scalability and you know the network and the storage would be like on persistent storage and and fast storage if it's SQL DB for instance so yeah I'll go to the end of this first part of the presentation what I have also is it's not a demo but it's also a slide but it will show you from the VS code point of view how to do create you know smart contracts how to do such a shit if we want we can go through that in the interest of time how much time would we saw her I think if everyone agrees I think it's going to be important to show this is it like a video no it's not it's not a video let me go through that I mean if we can take like let's say 5 minutes just to show this because it's maybe important to some of the people who are attending today can you see my screen yes so as I was saying it goes on to more details that we are discussing about the IBM blockchain it is you know you're having the VS code it is key in fact into the developing with IBM blockchain platform and you know as I've said it is open source you can download it on your own machine download the add-on and be able to go then you're having the the IBM blockchain platform console as we've seen it and it's running on a Kubernetes dashboard so you will be able to see or to operate your cluster the deployments the different posts and the replicas and so on so this is what you need to do in order to manage a blockchain you know the IBP it is also important to know that you know it will be the same you know on the different clouds or even on-prem you will have the same tools that will make you able to to manage it we'll go on to the VS code you know this is it's it's UI in the sidebar you can be able to install extensions and you know you will have the different JavaScript Go or Java whatever you are using to develop on to here as with a regular IDE so you can install you go to the extensions and install IBM Blockchain Platform it's right there it has some requirements or components like NPM that needs to be installed you could have like it needs Xcode Go or not but it's useful it's solid for you just for you to be able to have IBP and then you will be able to start you'll have the this is the icon of the IBM Blockchain Platform right so just try to have a pointer this is the icon of IBM Blockchain Platform you will be able to view the smart contracts the fabric elements like the gateway, the channels and so on the environments and the wallets in here and also you will be able to get directly on some tutorials you will have the ability to do so and in this in this window you will have the logs so the outputs so here you connect and submit it for action and so on so the logs so this is how when you are on the Explorer view you will have the different the different files those are the paper contract those are smart contracts those are JS and we are in sessions in here so this is how we test the smart contract we right click the smart contract to export it and we will reveal the package open project and then we will start the local instance in order to install and instantiate the smart contract and we will be afterwards connecting to the gateway so this is the gateway as we said the application will be connecting to the gateway in order to get to the channel and here you will have in a wallet so this is where our identity is sold and we will right click in order to submit a transaction this is the fabric SDK this is where we are we are putting all of those are in the tutorials you will see a line of codes which are already done this is where we do require the fabric network or the fabric SDK that we are using on our application so this is a Node.js application so here this is the web console this is the idea blockchain platform web console again you can have access to tutorials in here which are really nicely done and kind of a hello world tutorial some pretty advanced ones in order on specific use cases and here you can select those are the nodes this is the channels this is the smart contract this is the wallet organization the users and the settings of the platform and here this is where we create the certificate authority as you can see it is pretty much self-explanatory in order to do so on the page in the green square you can see the help of a node so you know green it is running it can be yellow it is kind of node to get your rotation all red as not running and you know the idea of the organization and where it is deployed so this is where we do create an import additional additional nodes and those are the kind of details so for instance we will have in the location the version of the hyperledger fabric that is used but also the state database here it is based on couch TV so yeah making sure that the identity is managed and register really critical we can have a self-issue certificate for test purposes for development purposes for like you know really initial type of of developments but afterwards we need to have you know to make sure that our certificate and private key that really take and get good good very good probably we can maybe stop here if you have or if you have maybe just a few more slides to show okay I get it we will open up for questions probably yeah with pleasure with pleasure this is an example of the you know a you know a target network that can be built for instance like with the different the different actions yeah Mr. Omran I think he has questions it seems on one of these slides yeah I see it a good use for it in our system especially for KYC know your customer that would be a good system to do so where else do you think this technology can be used in Libya based on the information you have about the infrastructure and the knowledge and the quality of programmers and all that or the lack of it where do you think this could be a best practice where we really get probably I will go and touch base on this and a question first and then if he share more quality maybe also would like to add but I think globally financial markets or finance the finance industry is the one that's more adopting these technologies and differently central bank digital currency is one hot topic and really probably important in Libya as well given the situation that we are in stock market exchange or this is also another use case but even in case of land registry we know the situation also Libya in land registry and this is a very appealing use case I think some countries in Africa are really targeting use of hyperledger fabric for building land registry applications similar situation that we have other use cases education like for verifiable credentials the recent report about the classification of the Libyan education system was really shocking but but that's where probably some of these examples in terms of talent I would not say that there is lack but probably there is requirement in the workforce inside each organization to bring it up to the level but I think it's there is good developers out there in the private sector at least for hyperledger yeah for hyperledger yeah I'm not really aware but there is a couple of projects that I know people are developing it's not like in the industry but in academia at least 3 projects that I know of graduate students are developing applications in hyperledger fabric and we have here some some developers who are interested also to join and learn more so I think it's the time to bring it up to the community and get them engaged and here from the public sector on what they see in this technology and how it can help of course I'll leave it to Khaled maybe if he would like to add something who Ahmed and Libya specifically I see a lot of use cases or where we can utilize blockchain to solve some issues that we are facing such as the digital entity and how you can utilize it in the national ID in Libya in the city this is one of the I think something feasible that we can do it to avoid the duplication that has happened especially when the national ID has begun to share it between different entity in the country and essentially everything but this is a good application for the blockchain another one ممكن وزارة المالية وحكاية the duplication of salary this is where we can utilize blockchain to avoid any duplication and make sure that the people take the salary from one side and from the other another one is the voting خشين علي voting ممكن تكون فكرة نسهل الموضوع لبوطن يكون اي بوطن ونستغل البلوكة خشين to make sure that transparency and that there is no corruption when it happens quickly يعني في several applications هي أم حاجة الولينج وانا في the governance من جهات عامة to utilize this technology in such things يعني in the country فحنية معهمة الناس اليوم انترستت في المواضيع هادي ونشر المعرفة about blockchain والحيبر لجر دفنة لي we can utilize it in several, several use cases in the country maybe Heisham want to show us some use cases يعني as we are talking about it Yeah, definitely فكرة خالد In fact, there is a number of use cases that can be benefit from blockchain It is true that there is a huge benefit but also maybe on the other hand I would say of the of the specs is that not maybe not all solutions are possible for blockchain maybe in some cases it can also be beneficial to go with other solutions rather than blockchain we've seen the hype happening is really the one that do have some value in the technology being used I would say that there is a rule a rule from IBM from our number of implementation that we have done from successful to not is that you need to have three T's three dimensions trust, transparency and time. If a use case would benefit from any of those three dimensions then blockchain can be the solution. If those are the three dimensions even better so examples of those industries is like خالد said with the citizen identity as Ahmed said medical records the letter of credits this is really on the finance side the fact that it is taking a lot of time to do business in transport it's also the I would say very simple use case which is the audit the audit trail for finance the finance audit trail so that your book would be on the ledger so any audit would be really really easy moving forward with the supply chain the loyalty program for instance I like this use case a lot because if you think about it there are a number of suppliers out there that would offer points if you buy with them and you are able to redeem those points for some kinds of goods or services or whatever by the end of the day and if you think about it those points are somehow cryptocurrencies or digital currencies so yeah this is really really easy use case and then yeah information sharing the fact that we are able to share to close disputes very easily because we have shared information among us in the network as suppliers or any kind of client supplier relationship and yeah I mean in the insurance the fact that we are able to see for a car or a person or you know all the history or the provenance we are able to say it on a blockchain and we know that it's not something that has been tampered with so we can trust it on the manufacturing it's the supply chain really really good use case because it takes a lot of energy and effort in making the goods arrive at the right place with the number of documents and so on and validation that this will happen and even in security because we are able to trust the provenance of the data and the maintenance tracking as for instance the airlines or other kind of industries in which we are able to see the provenance of spare parts and so on I think we will have maybe 10 minutes this zoom meeting will be maybe used by someone else in like 15 minutes so I'll give it to I'll ask maybe Abdul Malik he raised his hand for a question yes I just I'm sorry three questions very fast a few questions are about the business side of the of the business side of the applications of hyperbolic or the block chains in general and then some questions that are I'll start with the techniques questions first so regarding the multiple block chains so as far as I understand each block chain is built on its own so I understood that different peers can have the data within the same block chain however I wanted to ask in case there was another for example block chain developed that has a correlation to the first one how I know the question I'm trying to find the best words to describe the question but I'm trying to ask if we can integrate two block chains together using smart contracts of policies and how will that affect the first block chain and the second block chain so that's the first question I'm not sure if you want me to ask one by one or just ask them all and then wait for the answer yeah just go ahead so that's the first the second question is it's the modifications all the altercations on the policies and smart contracts how easy is it to modify basically transactions not the transaction log policies themselves or the smart contracts themselves and is that feasible by the storage itself so transactions are stored in a specific way in case I alter the smart contract of the policies can the can the change be cascaded throughout the different peers or the different peers in the network that's the second question the third question is is a business side of the application some of the use cases that we talked about here are governmental or business related for example when we talk about the central bank digital currency or the digital identity some of these use cases are correlated in order to have one sometimes you have to ensure the integrity of the data that you're starting with you have to have the other a prerequisition aspect is important so for example to ensure that transactions are done correctly you cannot base them on the data that's available before the blockchain so you have to have the digital identity in a blockchain first and then move on to the the second application which is for example the the land registry so that's one how is it that I'm not sure governments are or other people who have used this technology before how did they adapt to this so the prerequisition is an acquisition of different use cases I'm not sure if the question is is related correctly I believe this this is the the third question is a little bit broad but I tried to formulate it the best way possible you are 100% on the prerequisites part maybe my personal opinion the thing that would make the blockchain technology broadly adopted is two kinds of use cases it's the digital identity as we said the fact that we are able to identify each and every one of us so if it's there then yeah it is the first step I would say the second step is the digital currency so to say you know the fact that all the business is based on you know on goods and you know value being transferred from a person or organization to another it could make like those kind of use cases because we will be able to identify and we will also be able to pay if we are able to do so then yeah limit is the sky on those kind of use cases so basically on that kind of set now that being said it's not it's not an end to means because we can make some use cases right now which would require the digital payment but would require maybe an alternative way of identifying people which is okay at the moment we are on developing these use cases and moving forward we need a number of parties that needs to be involved like the government we need the different actors to agree and move forward with these kinds of projects which is excellent the second question I mean from last first so I am on the fee for stack today the second question about the policies and if there is a cascade in fact yeah it's true I mean if we do change it it will cascade to the others but just make sure we need to understand here that all the parties need to agree on the change to policy before it is implemented no one party can change the policy by itself yeah there is recently in fabric version 2.2 there is a chain code life cycle management introduced which will allow how to upgrade chain codes how to modify this endorsement policy so it's a blockchain separate for policy so there is yeah there is a chain code there is system chain codes installed that will manage will manage this yeah to make it easy for the administrator to not update the policies but from the governance point of view or the governance standpoints we need to have an agreement of the different parties in order to be able to change these policies the third question about the interoperability of blockchains it's currently a research you know a research subject in order to make like this intra blockchains interchains connections and if you think about it it's if they are able to do so then it will be like the internet as we are saying like we are sharing the data because you know it's like the lands that we come up with the TCP IP in order to be able to connect them right so it could you know it could change things but from the node point of view a node can be connected to multiple channels or multiple blockchains so to say multiple ledgers so a node might have the need to connect to different and make a change in two channels in parallel this will be implemented into the code of the node or the application of the node will be making that but at the level of blockchain pure blockchain level it will integrate like multiple blockchains I think we will stop here maybe today as I said unfortunately this Zoom meeting link will be used by another group and it was really pleasure to have you Heesham and Khaled and also pleasure to have everyone here today such interesting discussion and they plan to have a series of events that will cover Hyperledger fabric and other cloud providers on what they offer and definitely we will have sessions that are more dedicated towards like smart contracts, chain code and other platforms like Hyperledger Indie and so to and other Hyperledger platforms شكرا جزينا الجبيعة شكرا جزينا الجبيعة ونلتق إن شاء الله في الأيفن تلقاد بعمل الله السلام عليكم شكرا لجميع شكرا شكرا بالتوفيق


The Armacran variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has rapidly become the most predominant variant globally, leading to the emergence of multiple subvariants. Two of these subvariants, BQ.1 and XBB, have demonstrated increased transmissibility and immunovasion capabilities, making them a major public health threat. These subvariants are able to evade neutralizing antibodies from vaccinated or convalescent COVID-19 patients and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, allowing them to spread more easily. To combat this, researchers have identified the F-86P mutation in XBB.1.5, which is responsible for its enhanced transmissibility and immunovasion abilities. Additionally, researchers have developed strategies to prevent the spread of BQ.1 and XBB sublineages, such as using MABS to target the F-86P mutation and developing vaccine adjuvants to enhance the efficacy of vaccination. This article was authored by Danny Aoe, Kazumai He, Waikihong, and others.


I remember people asking me when I was younger, are you a girl or a boy? And wanting to say, neither. Or wanting to say, both.  Growing up, that message was definitely something I heard every day. And I learned that if I wanted to get along or if I wanted to pass, I had to dress like a girl, even though I didn't feel like a girl. I remember googling, are you an alcoholic? And not thinking, people who drink normally don't wonder that? That's not a normal people question. I liked drinking and I liked using because it was like, all of a sudden, all of the anxiety and the discomfort I felt in my body and my shame, all of it, my circumstances, my surroundings, all of it was gone. I struggled from between 18 and 23. I really, really struggled. At that point, I was using speed every day and cocaine when I could get it and opioids when I could get them. I finally stopped drinking in 2007, a couple of months after my 23rd birthday. I've just, it's been an adventure, truly an adventure. I have found in myself resources and creativity and passion that I didn't think were in there at all. I'm finally discovering who I am and all I had to do was not drink and use and also be open to changing a lot of things about myself. For me, that means understanding that my gender is not what I thought it was. This is who I am. I heard every day that there was something wrong with me and I believed it and I used alcohol to medicate my pain. When I look at myself now, I see not only someone who has survived, but I see a success.