Hello everybody and welcome to video number seven of the free online version of the future research lecture You might remember that in the last video we introduced the major Properties the main geometry of the magnetic feed configuration the rotational transform and In this video, you're going to talk about flux surfaces something which we already mentioned in the last video. So flux surfaces The topic of this video So before talking about flux surfaces We have to be sure that we all are on the same boat when we talk about magnetic field lines. So what is the magnetic field line? magnetic field line Now a magnetic field line is a curve that is everywhere tangential to the direction of the magnetic field. So that is a curve That is tangential to Well everywhere to the direction of the magnetic field Of the magnetic field Okay Now we also or you might also remember that the magnetic twisted the twisted magnetic field line is something is essential for system where we aim on Confining a plasma meaning that if the field lines go around toroidally, they are shifted poloid by a certain angle so if our field line goes around toroidally the field line Going around Toroidally then Going around toroidally, then it is shifted poloidally by a certain angle and this angle we called Yota and more often Yota bar is used, which is just Yota over 2 pi In addition to Yota we talked about Q we introduced Q which is The inverse of Yota bar and it is 2 pi over Yota and if Yota is a rational It means that the field line closes itself. So if Yota is rational the field line closes after M Sorry, usually it's in this case. It's first N after N toroidal turns And M poloidal turns Meaning that Q then equal to N over M is a rational number and if we draw an example This could look for example This is a poloidal cross section and if we start in this poloidal cross section by following a field line here Which goes around the torus and then after one toroidal Circumference that ends up here after a second toroidal circumference that ends up here When then after a third toroidal circumference it exactly ends up where it started three toroidal circumference as it go We have a Q number equals to N equals 3 and equals 1 thus Q equals 3 Would be here in this example our safety factor now if Q on the other hand is a rational This means that the field line will trace out an entire surface. So it means that the field line will trace out an Entire Surface if we follow it around the torus Meaning there is a surface Which is covered ergodically by field line meaning there's a surface covered ergodically by one field line and Ergodically here means basically that if a line or that it means is that one field line will pass Arbitrarily close to any point on a given surface if we just follow it long enough This means if we again go to our poloidal cross section example if we start at the same position here Then go around toroidal once then we might end up here then toroidal around another Turn another toroidal circumference another toroidal circumference another one Sorry another one another one another one and so on and so on and eventually all our Intersection points would fill out the entire circle here. That's the entire surface and this Surface filled out by the field line is called flux surface This is basically the flux surface Sometimes it's also called magnetic surface You might read that also once in a while magnetic surface okay, so Let's give you an example. So here I have plotted one field line So this is all the one magnetic field line which goes around the torus it goes around the torus It goes around the torus and so on and so on Meaning if you would follow one field line Let's look at this for example. It goes around the torus Goes around the torus and then it's hidden underneath this plot Then it might end up somewhere here and so on it goes around further toroid Lee Spending up an entire surface and of this surface I have drawn this surface in blue, but only half of the surface for visibilia reasons the reasons So here I have drawn one flux surface as an example Okay You might remember as the next step from your plasma physics one lecture the equilibrium condition the equilibrium condition was introduced when you talked about or you learned about the single fluid model a single fluid model and Within the single fluid model you might remember an equation of motion was derived equation of motion was derived and Then assuming stationary conditions Meaning that the temporal derivative vanishes Corresponding to equilibrium condition to an equilibrium condition then actually the so-called equilibrium condition was derived and it says that the pressure gradient so the plasma pressure gradient is balanced by J cross B the diamagnetic current times the magnetic field Now the equilibrium condition has a few implications implications one Since we have a cross product over there one application is that the magnetic field is perpendicular to the pressure gradient then B the same is true for the current This is also perpendicular to the pressure gradient and If we look at a then we can also say that B times the pressure gradient times the pressure gradient is zero or Or that the pressure gradient parallel to the magnetic field is zero and that means that the magnetic field lines B magnetic field lines a the magnetic field lies on surfaces of Constant plasma Pressure and These surfaces are the flux surfaces So on one flux surface we have the constant plasma pressure Okay from the beginning of the flux surface I have given in the sorry from the definition of the flux surface I had given in the beginning it is clear that flux surfaces are never crossed by magnetic field lines, so flux surfaces are never crossed By field lines This also means that on one flux surface. We have a fixed value of the magnetic flux psi. So there is a fixed Value fixed value of the magnetic flux psi on the flux surface and It is does not surprising that psi is used as a label for Oops, sorry as a label for flux surfaces now, let's again draw our polar cross section to Illustrate a few things about the magnetic flux. So here we have our typical cross section Extending in this direction then We have magnetic field lines pointing into this direction here since we have a purely toroid example here just for illustration purposes So this is B And now the magnetic flux is basically a measure on how many magnetic field lines are going through this particular surface Through this particular surface. So these are sticking here through the surface Meaning that if we bring that into a more formal way, we see we say that psi is the surface integral On the surface S. So this is over the surface S. This is the surface S then B dot product DS Where DS is the surface normal Meaning it is a vector perpendicular to the surface. This is a surface normal And this basically implies that if there are more field lines sticking through that surface the magnetic flux is higher and We can rearrange that using Stokes theorem Into a different form Saying that The line integral around a curve around the boundary of the surface is the same as the expression above So the line integral and then using the vector potential a which I will define in a minute times the tangential unit vector DL. So this is the the tangential unit vector of a curve Surrounding our surface S Meaning that in our example it could be for example simply Curves surrounding our surface S could look in the simplest case like this Then DL would be here the tangential unit vector But the curve could also look like this It would also surround the surface having some other shape and then the tangential unit vector would maybe look like this now a what is a a is the magnetic Vector potential something which you might remember from your electrodynamics lecture magnetic vector potential A and a is defined such that the rotation of a Gives us the or defines the magnetic field so a is a very Useful quantity as we will see and I just write vector potential Into the box here because often you just write a C vector potential although it's probably better to call it magnetic vector potential and Since the rotation of a gives you B. This also defines that the divergence of B is equal to 0 Okay, this is the magnetic flux psi. Let's look an example We just set that on one flux surface We have Psi equal to Psi as a certain number a constant number and that should not to be zero Now if we look at the example at the example which I have drawn there We have three flux surfaces there. So first of all the innermost flux surface here. This is oops, this is Psi one then use another one. This is psi two then use another one This is Psi three and you might remember The magnetic flux size and measure for how many field lines basically are enclosed inside of that flux surface And this implies of course that Psi three is larger than Psi two larger than Psi one so the magnetic flux increases for Outer If we go further outwards increases for outer flux surfaces You should probably write Psi increases for outer flux surfaces and since They are not cross-time magnetic field lines You can also write that the gradient of Psi In a function of r then the dot product with B And this is equal to zero Important equation Okay, now how to define Psi an actual example if we assume a twisted magnetic field, which is our standard our default case if we have a twisted magnetic field and If we separate the poloidal and the toroid magnetic field direction, then there are basically two ways To define Psi in a such a twisted magnetic field system Now let's try to explain so Let's again draw our typical cross-section like this and Then another flux surface may be like this And you're on the other side like this and then maybe like this More or less good. Okay Then let's draw these lines connecting these two to get half a half torus half of a torus Also the inner flux of faces of course goes around toroidally like this Then the coordinate system is as usual that Z is pointing upwards and As I said, there are now two ways to define Psi Let's first just look at the Toroil magnetic field component Now if you just look at the Toroil magnetic field component, then the flux through this surface Gives us the first way to define Magnetic flux and this is the Toroil magnetic flux the Toroil flux Psi Psi for indicating in the Toroil direction and this is then using or taking the Toroil magnetic field direction component the Toroil magnetic field component times the surface normal ds Psi and this would point if we Here perpendicular. This is supposed to be perpendicular to the surface Which I have drawn there. So this would be ds Psi Now, you know, however, that there is also the at all. Sorry a polar magnetic field component So we can also draw some surface which Encloses the polar magnetic field vectors sticking through it. So this would be the surface and This would be a surface of Z equal constant direction. This is here, of course the r direction, right? Oops in the r direction and that surface would lie at a z equal constant value and That surface defines the pole loyal flux. So that is the pole loyal flux Psi theta That is given by the pole loyal magnetic field component the pole loyal magnetic field line sticking through it times the surface normal ds theta Which if we look at one point here for example, it's it's pointing upwards since this is a surface normal ds theta And of course, yeah, yes, I have not written it explicitly here But you remember that if we go around in this direction, this is the angle phi Okay, those are the two methods to define the magnetic flux Psi in a twisted magnetic field system The total magnetic flux and the polar magnetic flux Now why do we talk so much about flux surfaces because flux surfaces are crucial for the confinement. So flux surfaces are crucial for the confinement now First of all, you remember I said The first part of the lecture one of the first videos that we need the energy from the alpha particles in the fusion process To further heat up the plasma This however takes some time. So in a typical fusion device In a typical reactor type device in the alpha particles They need to make Ten to the five toroid returns before they have delivered the energy to the plasma so the alpha particles from the fusion process They take ten to the five turns to Deliver their energy to the plasma to deliver the energy to the plasma So we need a good Magnetic confinement. We need good flux surfaces such that these alpha particles are confined and stay on the flux surfaces So they can deliver the energy to the plasma and The flux surfaces Then also important due to the fact that we have a very general a very fast movement of charged particles and our plasma only consists of charged particles or mostly So we have a fast parallel movement Whenever you read parallel and magnetic confinement Configuration context always refers to the almost always refers to the direction of the magnetic field So we have a fast parallel movement of particles meaning that the temperature as Basically is basically a function of psi and the same is true for the density being also a function of psi and As we just said two slides ago This can be in most cases translated to a radial coordinate since the magnetic flux psi increases if you go further outwards or radially outwards Okay, that's it for this video. We talked about flux surfaces We talked about how they are defined So they are basically defined by a field line going around and around and around a torus to royally Filling out an entire surface thus or let's say tracing out an entire surface We said that on one flux surface The magnetic flux is constant and thus psi the magnetic flux psi is also used as a label for the flux surface And there are two ways to define the magnetic flux in a twisted magnetic field system the toroidal and the polo magnetic flux We also introduced the magnetic vector potential which we will make use of in the next video and Finally I said on this slide that flux surfaces are crucial for our confinement And that the shape of the flux surfaces basically gives us an indication on the shape of our temperature and density profile Okay, that's it hope to see you on the next video


Our basic goal is to come out here, take everyone from the transmissions, MOS. We want to test them on the proficiency of the MOS, as well as how they go out and conduct themselves as a warfighter with patrols, things of that nature, call for fire, just getting inside of the combat operations center and practicing that aspect of it. We're not custom checkpoint one. We're not just only out here to just focus on communications, we're also here to focus on convoy movements, as well as BSTs and infantry tactics, if anything. We continue to do this training that allows us to make sure that we're not losing our standing. The experience and exposure is what it comes down to if the Marines get enough exposure to something, they're able to build that exposure into their experience. So time with the gear not in garrison is going to help them be able to work through troubleshooting steps that they wouldn't be able to simulate being back in garrison. We're able to work with those different incongruencies and still overcome a DAP and then accomplish the mission. The high value targets and you execute the objective and because of that I'm proud of each and every one of you. I would take everybody out here in a combat situation.


I speak today of fathers. Fathers are fundamental in the divine plan of happiness, and I want to raise a voice of encouragement for those who are striving to fill well that calling. To praise and encourage fatherhood and fathers is not to shame or discount anyone. I simply focus today on the good that men can do in the highest of masculine roles, husband and father. David Blankenhorn, the author of Fatherless America, has observed, today American society is fundamentally divided and ambivalent about the fatherhood idea. Some people do not even remember it. Others are offended by it. Others, including more than a few family scholars, neglected or disdain it. Many others are not especially opposed to it, nor are they especially committed to it. Many people wish we could act on it but believe that our society simply no longer can or will. As a church, we believe in fathers. We believe in the ideal of the man who puts his family first. We believe that by divine design fathers are to preside over their families in love and righteousness and are responsible to provide the necessities of life and protection for their families. We believe that in their complementary family duties, fathers and mothers are obligated to help one another as equal partners. We believe that far from being superfluous, fathers are unique and irreplaceable. Some see the good in fatherhood in social terms as something that obligates men to their offspring, impelling them to be good citizens and to think about the needs of others, supplementing maternal investment in children with paternal investment in children. In short, the key for men is to be fathers. The key for children is to have fathers. And the key for society is to create fathers. While these considerations are certainly true and important, we know that fatherhood is much more than a social construct or the product of evolution. The role of father is of divine origin beginning with a father in heaven and in this mortal sphere with Father Adam. The perfect divine expression of fatherhood is our Heavenly Father. His character and attributes include abundant goodness and perfect love. His work and glory are the development of happiness and the eternal life of His children. Fathers in this fallen world can claim nothing comparable to the majesty on high, but at their best they are striving to emulate Him, and they indeed labor in His work. They are honored with a remarkable and sobering trust. For men, fatherhood exposes us to our own weaknesses and our need to improve. Fatherhood requires sacrifice, but it is a source of incomparable satisfaction, even joy. Again, the ultimate model is our Heavenly Father, who so loved us, His Spirit children, that He gave us His only begotten Son for our salvation and exaltation. Jesus said, greater love hath no man than this that a man lay down his life for his friends. Fathers manifest that love as they lay down their lives day by day, laboring in the service and support of their families. Perhaps the most essential of a father's work is to turn the hearts of his children to their Heavenly Father. If, by his example, as well as his words, a father can demonstrate what fidelity to God looks like in day-to-day living, that father will have given his children the key to peace in this life and eternal life in the world to come. A father who reads scripture to and with his children equates them with the voice of the Lord. We find in the scriptures a repeated emphasis on the parental obligation to teach one's children. And again, inasmuch as parents have children in Zion or in any of her stakes, that teach them not to understand the doctrine of repentance, faith in Christ, the Son of the living God, and of baptism and the gift of the Holy Ghost by the laying on of the hands when eight years old, the sin be upon the heads of the parents.  In 1833, the Lord reprimanded Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, and Frederick G. Williams, members of the First Presidency, for inadequate attention to the duty of teaching their children. You have not taught your children light and truth according to the commandments, and that wicked one hath power as yet over you. And this is the cause of your affliction. Fathers are to teach God's law and works anew to each generation, as the psalmist declared, for he established a testimony in Jacob and appointed a law in Israel, which he commanded our fathers that they should make them known unto their children, that the generation to come might know them, even the children which should be born, who should then arise and declare them to their children, that they might set their hope in God and not forget the works of God but keep His commandments. Certainly teaching the gospel is a shared duty between fathers and mothers, but the Lord is clear that He expects fathers to lead out in making it a high priority. And let's remember that informal conversations, working and playing together and listening are important elements of teaching. The Lord expects fathers to help shape their children, and children want and need a model. I myself was blessed with an exemplary father. I recall that when I was a boy of about 12, my father became a candidate for the city council in our rather small community. He did not mount an extensive election campaign, all I remember was that Dad had my brothers and me distribute copies of a flyer door to door, urging people to vote for Paul Christofferson. There were a number of adults that I handed a flyer to who remarked that Paul was a good and honest man and that they would have no problem voting for him. My young boy heart swelled with pride in my father. It gave me confidence and a desire to follow in his footsteps. He was not perfect, no one is, but he was upright and good and an aspirational example for a son. Discipline and correction are part of teaching, as Paul said, for whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth. But in discipline, a father must exercise particular care lest there be anything even approaching abuse, which is never justified. When providing correction, a father's motivation must be love and his guide, the Holy Spirit. Reproving betimes with sharpness when moved upon by the Holy Ghost and then showing forth afterwards an increase of love toward him whom now has to be reproved lest he esteemly be his enemy, that he may know that thy faithfulness is stronger than the cords of death. Discipline in the divine pattern is not so much about punishing as it is about helping a loved one along the path to self-mastery. The Lord has said that all children have claimed upon their parents for their maintenance until they are of age. Bread-winning is a consecrated activity. Providing for one's family, although it generally requires time away from the family, is not inconsistent with fatherhood, it's the essence of being a good father. Working and family are overlapping domains. This, of course, does not justify a man who neglects his family for his career or at the other extreme, one who will not exert himself and is content to shift his responsibility to others. In the words of King Benjamin, you will not suffer your children that they go hungry or naked. Neither will you suffer that they transgress the laws of God and fight and quarrel one with another. But you'll teach them the walk in ways of truth and soberness. You'll teach them to love one another and to serve one another. We recognize the agony of men who are unable to find ways and means adequately to sustain their families. There's no shame for those who, at a given moment, despite their best efforts, cannot fulfill all the duties and functions of fathers. Disability, death, or other circumstances may necessitate individual adaptation. Extended families should lend support when needed. Loving the mother of his children and showing that love are two of the best things a father can do for his children. It reaffirms and strengthens the marriage that is the foundation of their family life and security. Some men are single fathers, foster fathers, or step fathers. Many of them strive mightily and do their very best in an often difficult role. We honor those who do all that can be done in love, patience, and self-sacrifice to meet individual and family needs. It should be noted that God Himself entrusted His only begotten Son to a foster father. Surely, some of the credit goes to Joseph for the fact that as Jesus grew, He increased in wisdom and stature and in favor with God and man. Regrettably, due to death, abandonment, or divorce, some children don't have fathers living with them. Some may have fathers who are physically present but emotionally absent or, in other ways, inattentive or nonsupported. We call on all fathers to do better and to be better. We call on media and entertainment outlets more often to portray devoted and capable fathers who truly love their wives and intelligently guide their children, instead of the bumblers and buffoons or the guys who cause problems, as fathers are all too frequently depicted. To children whose family situation is troubled, we say you yourself are no less for that. Challenges are, at times, an indication of the Lord's trust in you. He can help you directly and through others to deal with what you face. You can become the generation, perhaps the first, in your family, where the divine patterns that God has ordained for families truly take shape and bless all the generations after you. To young men, recognizing the role you will have as provider and protector, we say prepare now by being diligent in school and planning for post-secondary training. Education, whether in a university, technical school, apprenticeship, or similar program, is key to developing the skills and capabilities you will need. Take advantage of opportunities to associate with people of all ages, including children, and learn how to establish healthy and rewarding relationships that typically means talking face-to-face with people and sometimes doing things together, not just perfecting your texting skills.  To all the rising generation, we say, wherever you rank your own father on the scale of good, better, best, and I predict that ranking will go higher as you grow older and wiser, make up your mind to honor him and your mother by your own life. Remember the yearning hope of a father as expressed by John. I have no greater joy than to hear that my children walk in truth. Your righteousness is the greatest honor any father can receive. To my brethren, the fathers in this Church I say, I know you wish you were a more perfect father. I know I wish I were. Even so, despite our limitations, let us press on. Let us lay aside the exaggerated notions of individualism and autonomy of today's culture and think first of the happiness and well-being of others. Surely, despite our inadequacies, our Heavenly Father will magnify us and cause our simple efforts to bear fruit. I'm encouraged by a story that appeared in the New Era some years ago. The author recounted the following. When I was young, our little family lived in a one-bedroom apartment on the second floor. I slept on the couch in the living room. My dad, a steelworker, left home very early for work each day. Every morning he would tuck the covers around me and stop for a minute. I would be half dreaming when I could sense my dad standing beside the couch looking at me. As I slowly awoke, I became embarrassed to have him there. I tried to pretend I was still asleep. I became aware that as he stood beside my bed, he was praying with all his attention, energy, and focus for me. Each morning my dad prayed for me. He prayed that I would have a good day, that I would be safe, that I would learn, and prepare for the future. And since he could not be with me until evening, he prayed for the teachers and my friends that I would be with that day. At first I didn't really understand what my dad was doing those mornings when he prayed for me, but as I got older, I came to sense his love and interest in me and everything I was doing. It is one of my favorite memories. It wasn't until years later, after I had married, had children of my own, and would go into their rooms while they were asleep and pray for them, that I understood completely how my father felt about me. Alma testified to his son, Behold, I sand you that it is Christ that surely shall come. Yea, he cometh to declare glad tidings of salvation unto his people. And now my son, this was the ministry unto which he were called to declare these glad tidings unto this people, to prepare their minds, or rather, that they may prepare the minds of their children to hear the word at the time of his coming. That is the ministry of fathers today. God bless and make them equal to it in the name of Jesus Christ, amen.


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From DailyDoseOfWeirdNews.com, I'm Darren Marlar and this is your Daily Dose of Weird News. This episode is brought to you by the audiobook One Bad Night by Jason R. Davis, narrated by Darren Marlar. Here are a free sample of this horror audiobook at MarlarHouse.com. President Trump was in Texas on Tuesday to visit areas ravaged by Hurricane Harvey. Gee, you think those poor people would have suffered enough already, but I guess not. Lotto winner Mavis Wanchek now has more money than Beyoncé, Leonardo DiCaprio, Mel Gibson, Kim Kanye and many other celebrities. So, what are you going to do with your three-quarters of a billion dollars, Mavis? I'm getting new snow tires from my 994 S-Court. According to a new study, one in four Americans don't consider one-night stands cheating. Also discovered, one in four Americans are completely delusional. Recently, in Florida, an intoxicated woman bit into a man's fishing line, then swam off with his lure. Alexandria Turner allegedly swam up to the man's line and began cursing at him. Well, then she nibbled at the line and then swam away with the bait. Cops accused her of disturbing the sense of public norm at the pier, and when they tried to handcuff her to take her into protective custody, she yelled, �I�m bleepin' naked!� Oh yeah, and guys, I hear she�s single, too. California Teen has developed a smartphone app for kids wanting to do extra chores. Both of those kids are said to be thrilled. Wisconsin and New Jersey actually have laws on the books that make it illegal to sell home-baked goods. So, what do you do for a bake sale, then? Here�s what I would do. Bag all of the cupcakes and cookies in plastic ziplock baggies. Sell the baggies for a buck each. And with each baggie, you also get free cookies or a cupcake. Problem solved, you�re welcome. Well, there�s yet another new study about coffee. This one says that four cups a day lowers your risk of death. That�s due to all the exercise you get, walking back and forth to the bathroom. The secret to keeping your mind and body young and vibrant at any age? Getting your beauty sleep. According to an April 2017 study published in the journal Neuron, lack of quality shut-eye among senior citizens can raise their risk of memory loss and suffering wide range of mental and physical disorders such as Alzheimer�s disease, heart disease, obesity, diabetes, and stroke. Matthew Walker, senior author of the study and professor of psychology at Neurosciences at the University of California, Berkeley, says nearly every disease killing us later in life has a casual link to lack of sleep. So, if you�ll excuse me, I�m going to have to go take a nap. Well, after the daily dose of weird news. Hey, you got to have priorities. Another study finds that a beer buzz can boost a person�s creativity. Researchers at the University of Graz in Austria have concluded that mild alcohol intoxication can actually boost cognition and creativity through loosening up and refocusing. This study made possible by a grant from Anheuser-Busch. Believe it or not, some companies in Canada�s British Columbia province can force women to wear high heels at work. Well, not anymore. The premier of the province, Christy Clark, announced Friday that companies can no longer impose such a rule. Clark, who belongs to the Liberal Party, called the practice dangerous and discriminatory. Well, yeah, definitely discriminatory, because menaloblonic doesn�t make high heels for men, and that�s just wrong. The study says poor sleep can lead to dementia. Wait a minute, didn�t I just talk about that a couple seconds ago? In Pennsylvania, 44-year-old Elwood R. Gutschel was arrested around 12.15 a.m. and charged with DUI. Ironically, at the time of his arrest, he was wearing a T-shirt which read �Drunk Lives Matter.� Officers say they observed Gutschel committing multiple traffic violations in a green Ford pickup. After subsequent investigation, it was determined the driver was under the influence of alcohol beyond what he could safely operate a motor vehicle. According to the department�s Facebook post, his blood alcohol test registered at 0.217%, nearly triple the legal limit. Most ironic mugshot in the history of mugshots. The Greeks were always given credit for inventing trigonometry, but new evidence shows that the ancient Babylonians came up with it a thousand years before the Greeks. The records also show that the Babylonians were the first to have both call waiting and hotpuckets. There was a planned alt-right rally over the weekend on a San Francisco beach called Chrissy Field. Anti-alt-right protesters decided to make the beach somewhat unpleasant for rally goers by organizing dog walkers to let their dogs poop all over the beach. An event was started called Leave Your Dog Poop on Chrissy Field. The dog walkers would then regroup on Sunday to clean up the poop. The idea got a lot of support with one father even asking if it was okay to unload his baby's diaper because he didn't have a dog. However, others criticized the idea, saying the area should be kept beautiful. Still others suggested retaliating by picking up the dog mess and throwing it onto the streets of San Francisco. America is really fun right now, isn't it? In Wisconsin, a funeral home is applied for a liquor license. You wanted enough alcohol to say what you were really thinking about the deceased. Well, there you go. Giving kids too much candy could lead them to murder according to a recent study. Research published in the British Journal of Psychiatry shows that children who ate sweets daily were prone to commit savage crimes as adults. Giving children candy and chocolate regularly may stop them from learning how to wait to obtain something they want, says a study participant. Not being able to defer gratification may push them toward more impulsive behavior which is strongly associated with delinquency. From every Halloween, when your kid is dressed up as a serial killer and going door to door getting candy, he is ironically also being slowly turned into a serial killer. A dad has invented a new app that freezes a teen's cell phone if they don't respond to your text in a timely fashion. It's called Reply ASAP. He also plans to develop one for mother-in-laws called Shut Up ASAP. The study showed that millennials prefer their friends to text when they arrive at their house rather than ring the doorbell or knock, because if that's the standard procedure, anyone ringing or knocking is not a friend. Millennials have texting, us old folks had super-secret knocks. There's a new beer coming out that contains marijuana. It's for those who get too full drinking beer but still want to have the munchies.  Despite having no CEO for two months, Uber's bookings are up 17%. Hey, maybe we should try going without a leader in the United States and see if it's just as beneficial for us. Detroit spent $100 million on stadium renovations in the offseason. Both of their season ticket holders are said to be thrilled. An expecting couple in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania saw more than they expected during their baby sonogram. Yes, it seems soon-to-be parents Alicia Zeke and Zack Smith fully believe they saw Jesus' face staring back at them during their baby girl's ultrasound ahead of the birth of their baby girl in Chambersburg. Smith said the image brought tears to his eyes while his fiancée, Zeke, stood in disbelief. Smith says the image is a sign from heaven and calls it a blessing. The couple also put the image up on Facebook to see what others think. Not to be all judging, but do you really think that Jesus would choose a couple that has had sex outside of wedlock to reveal himself? The Bible says that's a big no-no. It makes me wonder if this is really Satan? Do you like wine? Are you broke all the time? Get ready for $5 Wines at Target! No, not glasses of $5 wine. Bottles of $5 wine. Target will start selling the $5 wine this coming Sunday, September 3 under the label California Roots. Target, making it more affordable to become a hobo. ABC is planning a new live-action adaptation of the classic cartoon The Jetsons. The sitcom about a modern family living in a world of robots, holograms and flying cars will be set 100 years in the future and will capture the family through a modern filter. The characters will be based on the Hanna-Barbera version that originally ran from 1962 to 1963. Oh wow, so it ran from 62 all the way through 63! Woo! And ABC is counting on that to save the network? You gotta like those chances. If you're already an official weirdo, please share this video on Facebook, Twitter, Reddit and other social media to help get the word out. To become an official weirdo, click that subscribe button and click that little bell next to the subscribe button to be part of the notification squad. And while you're at it, click that like button to let the world know that you are an official weirdo.


We can't just keep doing everything the same old way. We can't do it. We have to find new ways of delivering services so that they meet the needs of people better, that they meet the needs of people where they're at. So it's not about government saying, I know what you need and here's a program that I've got that's going to fill it. Because we almost never succeed that way. What government needs to do is say, what do you need? What is it you need and how can we work together to do that? And we need British Columbians to start to see government not as an organization that does something to them. We need people to see, citizens to see government as an organization that is doing something where we are doing something for each other. Because that's what government is supposed to be. It's supposed to be the expression of our collective will. To care for each other. And I know that in five years, people from around the world are going to say it was British Columbia who led this change.


NASA embraces small satellites presented by Science at NASA. The earliest satellites of the space age were small. Sputnik, for instance, weighed just 184.3 pounds. America's first satellite, Explorer 1, was even smaller, had only about 30 pounds. Over time, satellites grew to accommodate more sensors with greater capabilities, but thanks to miniaturization and new technology capabilities, small is back in vogue. NASA is one of many government agencies, universities, and commercial organizations embracing small satellite designs, from tiny CubeSats to micro-satellites. A basic CubeSat has 4-inch sides and weighs just a few pounds. A CubeSat can be put into place a number of different ways. It can be a hitchhiker flying to space on board a rocket whose main purpose is to launch a full-size satellite, or it can be put into orbit from the International Space Station. Astronauts recently used this technique when they deployed the Miniatur X-ray Solar Spectrometer, or MIN-XS, a CubeSat that studies solar flares. In 2018, NASA plans to launch the CubeSat to study solar particles, or CUSP. It will hitch a ride out of Earth orbit during an uncrewed test flight of NASA's space launch system. CUSP could serve as a small space weather buoy. Eric Christian is CUSP's lead scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Right now, with our current fleet of large satellites, it's like we're trying to understand weather for the entire Pacific Ocean with just a handful of weather stations. We need to collect data for more locations. For certain areas of science, having a larger number of less expensive missions will provide a powerful opportunity to really understand a given environment. If you had, say, 20 CubeSats in different orbits, you could really start to understand the space environment in three dimensions. NASA scientists are taking this approach of using a constellation of sensors to probe the details of a large area with the number of recently launched and upcoming missions. The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System, or Cygnus, launched in December 2016. Cygnus uses eight microsatellites to measure ocean surface winds in and near the eyes of tropical cyclones, typhoons, and hurricanes to learn about their rapid intensification. These microsatellites each weigh about 65 pounds, larger than a CubeSat, but still very small compared to traditional satellite designs. Additionally, the first four selections from the In Space Validation of Earth Science Technologies, or INVEST program, recently began launching. The goal of the INVEST program is to validate new technologies in space prior to use in a science mission. Raven, the first of the INVEST CubeSats, was launched in November 2016 to demonstrate a new way to measure radiation reflected by Earth. The next three INVEST missions to launch, HAARP, IceCube, and Marata will demonstrate technologies that may pave the way for future satellites to measure clouds and aerosols suspended in Earth's atmosphere, probe the role of icy clouds in climate change, and collect atmospheric temperature, water vapor, and cloud ice data through remote sensing, respectively. NASA Science Mission Directorate is looking to develop scientific CubeSats that cut across all NASA science through the SMD CubeSat Initiative program. Andrea Martin, Communication Specialist for NASA's Earth Science Technology Office, believes this is just the beginning. CubeSats could be flown in formation, known as constellations, with quick revisit times to better capture the dynamic processes of Earth. Multiple CubeSats can also take complementary measurements, unachievable by a single larger mission. She envisions big things ahead for these little satellites. For more news about CubeSats and other cutting-edge technologies, both big and small, stay tuned to science.nasa.gov.


Senate Committee on Works were liaised with the House of Representatives and Executive. That will be on provision of an emergency fund to clear the 420 billion narrow-eared road contractors by the Minister of Works and Housing. Senate's move for an emergency fund for the Ministry was hinged on presentation by the Minister, Mr Babat of the Fashella. That was when he appeared before the Committee to defend the Ministry's 2022 budget. Fashella had in his presentation told the senators that the total money owed contractors on completed road projects was 420 billion narrow. He said the liability was far above the 350 billion narrow projected for funding of road projects in the 2022 budget. Subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Right, spearfishing gear, crystal clear water and bushcraft tools can mean only one thing, that's hope for a catch and cook. I've strayed south of the border and we are hoping fingers crossed for some sort of catch and cook this time. It looks stunning. Dustin's just gonna spin from the side of the rocks for a bit and I'm gonna spend an hour or two spearfishing and having a look around here. And we've got no real plan settings to do, have we, where we're gonna skate for? It's not like it's one of those like drive and slide holidays where we really know where we're catching up tonight but we'll make it happen wherever it is to be. Beach bums, rock bums, right let's saddle up and get in the soup. So what are your predictions, what are we getting? Well I'm just gonna keep bringing it to you like a seal at a circus, I'm just gonna keep launching fish out to you. Tight lines, good luck with your spinning. Good luck.   What sort of fish do you see? Bass, but they're too skittish and they're gonna shore the mullet and I was just waiting because bass swiped in with the mullet, I was waiting to pick the bass out, I just took one of those I can see you got a nice mullet there. I'll get some of it for the pot and I'm lobster claw. Nice. Look at that. That's a good mullet, that's a big mullet. The claw from the lobster that got away. I'm gonna go try and find the rest of it. Two hours I think I was in the sea there for the last one, I didn't get the footage of me actually getting the fish but I got a mullet in the end, had to settle for mullet but it's a decent one. This is our little area, we're blocked from the wind, we're gonna set up here, find somewhere, I'm gonna go in for a little dip now, I shouldn't really be talking to you, I should be getting ready and Dustin's getting ready. We've got three, three traps for lobsters, all sorts of push stations and loveliness.  All right, suited and booted for the second time today, feeling refreshed enough to get back out there and hopefully lobster's what we want, fingers crossed. See on the flip side. There you go, look at that, it's a weapon. I've got her, well within legal size, big brown crab and a mullet. This is our camp for tonight just on this ledge. It's a beautiful evening and a successful first time in the sea down south so things are going to plan. I had a wonderful time with Matt in the woods and mucking about in rivers and stuff and this is where it gets serious, this is what I've come for, and the goal is to get a bass, I've come down here, main goal is to get a bass but to be on the fishing, to get a mullet and to get a crab, elated. If it wasn't so exhausted I'd be more elated. Beautiful, a stunning evening, so we're just going to have a bit of wine and then we're going to cook up a paella with our seafood and a few bits and pieces we've got from the shop. There we go, so this is my time with Dustin and then he's going to go tomorrow, he's going to go home and I'm going to make my way, we're in Dorset now, I'm going to make my way through Devon into Cornwall and just explore myself, not explore myself but just explore by myself, see what I can see see if I can get on that bass and do a bit of wild camping and then hopefully hook up with a few more people do a couple more collabs and I'm going to take you along for the ride so if that's what you want to do stick around if not I'm sure there's something inside by you can watch. Right I've just come down to gut the mullet, I mean it looks pretty gutted, Tide's going to take it. There we go, prepped, taking all the scales off, head off, fins off, decent little bit of meat Right this is what we've decided to do, we've got our coals and we've made a little tiny area out of stones so we can condense the heat so hopefully it won't just burn out quickly and that is a male, it's a big buck, he's trying to get my hand and then we're going to put him out of his misery and then we're going to cook him that's big crab dispatched, hopefully it'll fit in the pot, let's have a look filming a little bit, filming a little bit so just be careful about your swear words I know you like your swearing There you go look, remembered it from school, home, tech, whatever they call it, RE made a little, there you go, rear mirrors, made a little lid out of tinfoil and I know you're watching my videos, check that out, it's time to retire old man make way for the new wave Brownie Oh yeah little brownie oh cute there's the mini version of what we're about to pick up the strength in brown crabs is ridiculous it's going to pick up the whole neck we've got the guts in the other pot, we're putting the head in this one and the rest of it we're going to eat so nothing's going to waste at least we know it works and at least we know they're out there it works, they're out there that just needs to go tell his grandad where we are yeah mind you I think we've got his grandad ready to go in our pot you know what I'm going to do, I'm going to crush it get those brain juices flowing oh man if not, if something doesn't have that there's something wrong there we go, the treat sir they're all slithering out of there oh Dustin's going in with his, we've got the chicken thighs burned they're getting cooked off and Dustin's spice mix which is paprika, mixed herb and then a bit of salt bit of salt as well yeah there you go as bush crafters we are the trees that we that we become accustomed to we use them all the time and then to be taken away like to have trees taken away it's hard to make tools, make whatever you need so I'm here stirring this with a rock coastal bushcraft AF and look at that you can add some water to it so it doesn't dry out there we go man look chicken thighs crab dismembered legs got our lobster claw that is a pie there and half meat chorizo we just started and we're going in on this crab claw and the meat the amount of meat that's coming off that is so good that is delicious right now this is going to be hotter than the surface of the sun because the sugars ahh the sugars get so hot but it gives it a complete different flavour and it just all loses out look at that loads of it this is such a good dish, lovely oh another one of these legs we still can't see the bottom of the pan Dustin's making my life add by talking saying weird shit when I'm filming and this ladies and gentlemen is our fish and that is good to go if I had a fork I would eat with it but I don't so I'm going to use my fingers it's well hot look at that white meat there ow ow ow just use the digits look peel that back there look at all that white meat that's delicious so I'm going to start chewing into that as well we don't want to waste a thing and the calories will keep us warm something like that, bushcraft Dustin doing his bushcraft watch I think I might tackle this he's tackling that he can't tackle that can't even get it open I'll just eat them finger bits on side mate get them down here get them into you they're good those Whitby lads love them they're the best bit they're the best bit you don't want to eat in the crowd they're delicious them in a wrap delicious don't know if you can see me again maybe you can maybe you can't we've come away from all the bugs we found this place that doesn't have doesn't look to have any bugs it's near these big stones and this old crane it's quite atmospheric unless some of the mad jar trash happens you shall see the on the morrow morning glampers so we ducked down away from the path last night to keep and there's the path so we didn't do a good job about that just kept on the on the air bed with the bivvy bag kept it simple as I did in the woods the other night glorious day, dry mouth let's get up and see what this day has to offer I wasn't going to do it but I'll just turn it on and be myself I don't care he's saying A up subscribers because I'm taking peace out of him from being a geography teacher and dusting there in the background off back to sleep like some sort of student mind both teacher and student sits out for 12 females out there beautiful lab-beautiful right we kept away from here and but we left our vans here and cars for a fiver T-word I don't know what he's talking about dusting is just going over there to do his weird little chapter camera I'm just keeping it real next to trucks we're having a bit of watermelon people are looking at me strange because I'm talking to a camera speaking of strange there's dusting strange dusting let's have a go hydrates you after all the sins of the evening I'm going to smash this, maybe have a little bit of a snooze check the pots and then we're going to go in I don't think we're going to bed till like 2 o'clock 2 o'clock rock and roll in it stumbling around trying to find somewhere to keep trying to get away from the path trying to get away from the path actually on the path we're going to go for a little snorkel around and see what we can find get dusting some tea do it, cheers that's for like tuning or something tuner yeah, £68 what, recently? about 8 years ago 6 years ago you've been getting them up in the North Sea though haven't you he's not from the North he can't claim Northerness I'm from up North we're back down to the scene of the crime I've got homeless footballer right there pull them in and see I mean this is a very long shot like the longest of shots it doesn't look like there's anything shadowy over the baits from here but nothing nothing the visibility looks better today just from walking along the cliff it looks so much clearer it's lost that milkiness to it so I can't wait to get in and not even brought my speargun because if I catch anything I don't really want to eat a fish I don't need it so if we get a lobster we're going to eat that for dinner there's like a find to end on and then any more dusting will take home to cook at home ear roll there's a couple of blasts in your lug and it stops water sitting in your ear and stops you getting ear infections suited and booted again even dusting's got his little green wet suit on switch to GoPro see if we can get anything I'll say I'm not going fishing because I don't need it but we'll definitely try and get some lobsters or big crabs to show you little juvenile hiding away in the cave this is pretty cool, I'll put it back pretty cool in these caves there's a lot of wrasse hiding about in the dark bit salt water makes your tongue go away it's nice to have some water bring it back to life there's dusting the TV presenter dusting nice to get two large two large male brown crabs I got the short straw well now I volunteered to jump in and go and retrieve our pot so that's what I'm going to do did you? yeah because I wanted to put my arms up to slow me down from hitting the bottom but you didn't touch the bottom I'll show it like that when I hit so that I wouldn't touch it alright alright alright this is dusting ladies and gentlemen and you're going to get to see dusting's true colours in this next scene where he promised to film me jumping into the water and then pushed me when I wasn't ready shame on you dusting shame on you kid alright so go somewhere near the end and I'll get a shot of that's revenge revenge is sweet alright we've come down here to cook up our crabs and we didn't have an accurate measure when we were down there and this one is a little bit under it's still alive so we're going to throw that back and then it doesn't really seem worth eating this guy because he's only got one look at him he's only got one claw so we would cook him up and we'd have to share a claw and then just pick at him and it doesn't seem worth it so they're going to get going to get another chance at life alright he's had a lucky break a lucky break back in you go there you go one by Arge I'll get on my travels and I'm just going to leave dusting there fishing for Mackerel they're by dusting links to dusting's channel below what an amazing trip we've had absolutely he's been quality made see you later dude see ya and that's dusting ladies and gentlemen join me next time as I continue my travels


Remember a Hallmark card when you will carry enough to send the very best. But the makers of Hallmark reading cards bring you Loretta Young in The Night of the Hayrise on the Hallmark Playhouse. She was one of the greatest stars in outstanding stories chosen by one of the world's best known authors. They distinguished novelist, Mr. James Hilton. Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. This is James Hilton. Tonight on our Hallmark Playhouse, we dramatize a story by Marcella Talent, called The Night of the Hayrise. Occasionally, it happens that a single chance event can pull the switches it were that sends the rest of a person's life in an entirely new direction. In Ms. Talent's story, this happened to her heroine, and the cause of it all was just a matter of inches and seconds on a country road at night. The difference between safety and disaster as it first appeared, but later the difference between a lonely, idle, selfish life and its exact opposites. To play our heroine's part tonight, we are fortunate indeed to have with us one of Hollywood's most famous actresses, Loretta Young. And now here is Frank Goss from the makers of Hallmark cards. While the pleasure Christmas cards bring can never been measured, isn't it good to know that Hallmark cards are priced the same this year as they were last year, and the year before, and the year before that, and that the quality of Hallmark cards has constantly improved throughout the years. Yes, today, just as for many Christmas seasons, that Hallmark on the back of your card is looked for and welcomed. It tells your friends you cared enough to send the very best. And now Hallmark Playhouse presenting Marcella Talent's The Night of the Hayride starring Loretta Young. It was big enough to be called a mansion, and indeed it was so named by the people of Holbrook. Gray and silent it stood in stately solitude, almost eight miles beyond the town limits. Passes by along the river road, peered frequently through the high iron fence of the formal gardens within. But seldom did they glimpse the mistress of the estate, Miss Cora Holbrook, age 37, lovely face and lonely of spirit. Arthur. Yes, Miss Holbrook? Will you tell the cook, please, that dinner was very good. And to send some warm milk up to my bedroom. You're going to bed now, ma'am? Yes, I'm rather tired. I'll read a while in bed. Yes, ma'am. Oh, excuse me, ma'am. Yes? Would it be all right if I took the evening off? I halfway promised, Mr. Anderson. You've been saying quite a bit of him, haven't you? Yes, ma'am. We thought tonight we'd drive down by the river. It's so warm and there's a full harvest moon. Martha. What do you and Mr. Anderson talk about? Well... Me? Perhaps. Oh, no, Miss Holbrook. I never discuss you with anybody. Because they're not interested, I suppose. That's the way I want it to be forgotten and to forget. Excuse me, ma'am, but is there something wrong? No. No, I'm just tired. Oh, you need to get out more, ma'am. Staying indoors and just walking around the garden isn't enough, Martha. I shouldn't speak out, ma'am, but I've known you longer than anyone. Ever since you were little. I say it's wrong to cut yourself off this way.  Martha. I beg your pardon, ma'am. You may have the evening off, Martha. Thank you, ma'am. See to it that you meet Mr. Anderson outside the gate. Yes, ma'am. Good night, ma'am. Good night, Martha. Just coming up over the river. Full yellow hayride. Children on a hayride. Have you seen that book on Lord Byron that I was reading? No, ma'am, but the front door. I know, Martha. Will you please tell Mr. Anderson he is not to come to my front door? He wouldn't do that, ma'am. Besides, it's too early for him. I can't imagine who... It really doesn't matter, Martha, who it is. Send him away. Yes, ma'am. Because I'm coming in. Dr. Armsby. Yes? Didn't you hear my name? I'm afraid you don't understand. There's been an accident almost at your front gate.  I was driving along behind them and saw it. A truck tried to pass and the site swiped the wagon. There were about 20 injured. Oh. Then the telephone is in the hallway. That can wait. First I want hot water, soap, disinfectants, blankets and sheets. We're bringing the injured in here. Dr. Armsby, I'm truly sorry about the accident, but this is not a hospital. Well, I realize that. And also that the nearest hospital is in the county seat 45 miles from here. In that case, doctor, the children have their homes. If they'll me eight miles back to town. Ms. Holbrooke, you will have to accept my word that the injured are in no condition to be moved. Now I'll call the hospital and have them send nurses and anesthetics. Meanwhile, please tell your servants to clear your first floor rooms, put sheets and blankets under the vans and lay out mattresses on the floors. Eat all the hot water you can and keep eating. I'm sorry to be so abrupt. I don't wish to order you about. And I don't intend to be ordered about, but there are the children. You may bring them in, doctor. Put a new needle in this, sir, in, please. I am. Doctor, I put some coffee for you on the table. Oh, thanks, sir. By the way, what is your name? Martha, sir. All right, Martha. Will you start tearing up some rolls of dough? We'll need miles of it to tie on this book. Yes, sir. Dr. Armsby. Yes. The guest room's open for you whenever you wish to rest. Oh, thanks, but there'll be no time for that. Well, in any case, good night. I'm very tired. Well, just a minute in this whole book. Get some hot water and gauze and wash up some of these children with you. Try to be as gentle as possible. Oh, but, doctor, she's Miss Holbrooke. She has hands, hasn't she? I'm sure you understand. We need every pair of ministering hands we can get tonight. Yes, doctor. Yes, of course. You can clean face that's how secure, you see. There you are, Tommy. I knew there was a handsome boy underneath all that dirt. I had one every single winter when I used to ice skate. All right, who's next? Now you, Helen. Bobby and Carol. Miss Holbrooke, have you a minute? Yes. We haven't formed the parents yet. It's getting late and they'll be wondering what's keeping the children. Now, I've made a list of all the families. Will you phone them and explain, give us little detail as possible, but reassure them in case they've heard rumors. I'm sorry, doctor, but I couldn't. Why not? I'm not of touch with Holbrooke people. I haven't set foot in Holbrooke in 16 years. I understand that, but I'm too busy to call everybody myself. Above all, I don't want hysterical parents rushing out here. I need every minute to try and save their children. Now, he's just... Dr. Ansby, I cannot talk to them. I know what the town says about me, what they have been saying for 16 years. Doctor, I have taken too much. I owe the town nothing. An impenetrable fence, isn't it? I beg your pardon? The fence you've built around your estate and your heart. Feel better if I cross one name off that list. All of us have a long list of children we want to remember at Christmas. I know our list does seem to grow and grow. Quite a problem to see that each one receives an equal gift. That is, it was until we found the perfect answer in the Hallmark card collection at our store. Send the Hallmark Christmas stocking card to some, and the Hallmark Magic Money Tree card to the others, and everyone's happy. Because what youngster doesn't love a present of ten shiny silver dimes. You see, these Hallmark cards are designed to be a present and a Christmas greeting rolled into one. The Magic Money Tree, for instance, has a dazzling Christmas tree on the outside. Its bright green branches are hung with tinsel, and then for extra magic, you decorate the tree with ten silver dimes. Just put the dimes in the gum circles on the branches, and they look like silver bells. The verse inside the card says, Money doesn't grow on trees. That's almost always true. But here's a Magic Christmas tree that's growing dimes for you. Merry Christmas. Can you think of a nicer Christmas present for the little folks on your list? You'll find the Hallmark Magic Money Tree card, along with the new Hallmark Christmas stocking card, on the display counters of fine stores across the country.  Now back to James Hilton and the second act of the Night of the Hayride, starring Loretta Young. Moon was setting in the west before Dr. Armley fathomed the last blint and checked the final vantage. The injured children slept, all saved one. Cora Holbrook bent over her and placed a cool hand on the flushed cheek. Didn't Dr. Armley give you a sedative? Oh, what? It's something to make you sleep. Yes, but I can't. Why? Now you must... It was. It's my father's we could have a hayride. I asked him to get the wagon for us, and I invited everybody. It was all... Well, better yet, I can play the piano. It's right here behind the divan. This is my library, you see, and the rest of the children are in the other rooms. So if we're very quiet, they won't hear us. Been playing that years and nights. Isn't that reason enough to play it now? In the kitchen, I'm just fixing some fresh coffee. There's no need for you to get up, Martha. You've got to get your rest, too, ma'am. It's dawn. I know. And that's why I want you to go back to bed. Yes, ma'am. Martha. Martha. What happened to Dr. Thurston? Did he leave Holbrook? Oh, he died, ma'am. I didn't know. And then Dr. Armsby has replaced him? Yes, doctor. But there's so little he can do with the nearest hospital 45 miles away. I suppose. That's why he wants to build one here in Holbrook. Martha, do you, uh... Do you know what his wife is like? Oh, he's not married, ma'am. That's all, Martha. Yes, ma'am. I'm not used to people hovering in doorways. How long have you been there, doctor? Only a second. Well, yes, of course. I'm going to the transfusion. He'll be all right now. It's a mausoleum. There are 31. But I don't consider it a mausoleum. It's my home. I was born here, and my father and his father. No, no, this is my citadel. My fortress. Against the town your great-grandfather founded, the people of Holbrook. Then you know my story. Well, I don't believe everything I hear. I was in love once. Unbelievable, as it may seem now, doctor. And here's now your town banker. Jason Reeves. I was 21. The day before we were to be married, he eloped with my best friend. I went to Europe to forget. When I came home, I was greeted with pity, amusements, smug satisfaction. The town had seen a Holbrook humbled. Well, I wouldn't take it from them. Why should I? I owed the town nothing, and for 16 years, I have made myself forget its very existence. And then, last night, you snapped out of it. Last night, you took the children of the town into your home.  You even played a lullaby for the daughter of the man you hate. Sally's a sweet child. Why should I take out my bitterness on her?  You could put stuff in you. Don't hide it.  No, no, don't look away. What does my age matter? I'm old. I let myself go. My face, my skin, my hair. Cora, look at me. You're not old, and you look wonderful. Cora, the best part of your life can still be ahead. It depends on you what you do with it. You can stay here, cut yourself off from the world, secure, forgotten, or you can return to life. You can be the best liked woman in this county. I'm sorry, Doctor. I'm tired. I have got to get some rest. Cora, don't run back into your citadel. Stop building fences around yourself. It's too late, Doctor. Well, I did, Doctor. I'm sure you could get dressed. Yes, he doesn't want me to have to go home now. Some of the others are going with me. Oh, I see. Well, I'm very happy to have met you, Sally. Thank you. Miss Holbrook. Yes? You've changed your hair, haven't you?  Oh, I see. Miss Holbrook. Yes, dear. My father is here. He told me he'd like to see you. Sorry, Sally, but I'm very busy. He'll understand. You go and tell him that... I do. I don't blame you, Cora. I should see the inside of this house again. Time has dealt kindly with you, Cora. Uh, Sally, you'd better run along, dear. Yes, I'm... I have much to be ashamed of and more to be grateful for. The town? Yes. Oh. Everybody. Oh. If you hadn't heard the accident last night, if you hadn't gotten here so quickly and called Dr. Armistice when you did... Jason, who told you that? I see. If there's ever anything I can do for you, Cora, if any of us can ever help... Thank you, Jason. Thank you very much to be here somewhere. Yes, Doc. I just wanted to say good night, Miss Holbrook. Over the remaining patients, I think they'll be all right tonight, but if anything does come up, the nurse can call me at home. Yes, of course. Dr. Armistice, this afternoon, I saw Jason Reeves. Yes. Yes. He and the townspeople are under the impression that I saved the children. You gave them that impression. I did, and I hope you won't make a liar out of me. I'm not sure why you felt impelled to make me seem better than I am. Cora. Nevertheless, it did open my eyes to a need. Holbrook should have a hospital. It should. Would you say that this house would do as a beginning, this 31-room mausoleum of mine? It would be ideal, but where would you live? Well, I thought that out. I can build a smaller place somewhere in a property. Now, if the plan is satisfactory with the town authorities, I'll instruct my attorneys to draw up the papers. And then? That's all. I, uh... I just thought I should discuss it with you. I see. Then thank you, Miss Holbrook. Good night. Good night. Martha. Yes, Miss Holbrook? Martha, I am still looking for that book. Can't you help me? You don't really want to read, do you? Oh, I thought you'd gone. Look, Doctor, I happen to enjoy reading in the evening. And an evening like this? Oh, come on. I want to show you something. No, I really don't... Now, no arguments. Just follow me. Just coming up over the river. Full and yellow. Did he last night watching it before you came? It's the same moon, but not the same one. Cora, you can't fight your way back. Your gift to the town is only half a gift because you still aren't giving yourself. Do you know what I'm trying to say? Yes. Yes, last night, you made me forget myself. You made me up others who needed kindness and care. You made me serve others. You made me forget my... my self-pity. Perhaps that's the cure I should have sought long ago. That's only part of what I meant.  You can keep out the world, but you can keep out loneliness. Loneliness? Believe me, I know because I live in a little house. Cora, dear, let in that loneliness here now. For the first time in 16, I'm a woman, and I'm a woman-in-law. Take my arm, take me down that front path. I want to unlock that gate and never, never close it again. I want to walk down the river road under that harvest moon. Our hallmark cards designed to bring the happiest smiles to your family and friends because the words inside express your feelings. Help you say what you want to say, just the way you want to say it. You'll find hallmark cards to say Merry Christmas to the boss, to the minister, to teacher that you'd like to remember in a special way. And remember, besides the special message inside, that hallmark on the back of your card says something special too. To all those favorite people of yours, just as the people everywhere, that hallmark on the back will say you cared enough to send the very best. Here again is James Hilton. Thank you, Loretta. You gave us a most enjoyable performance. I'm glad you liked it, Mr. Hilton. I certainly enjoyed being here. I understand you and your family are going east for the holidays, Loretta. Yes, we are. We're all spending Christmas with my helpman's family this year. Well, then you should take along with our compliments one of the hallmark Christmas card trains. Oh, how nice of you, Mr. Hilton. Thank you. You know, when I saw the ads on the hallmark Christmas card train, I was wishing for one to take back with me. It's really a wonderful way to enjoy Christmas cards. Well, we hope you enjoyed and do think of us often during the holidays. Always certainly will. Now tell me, what are we going to have on the hallmark playhouse next week? Next week we shall tell a story about a man whose signature is perhaps the best known of any in this country's history. When we present our dramatization of Lorenzo Sears' book about John Hancock and as our star, we are happy to welcome back Dana Andrews. Oh, that's wonderful. Our hallmark playhouse is every Thursday. Our producer-director is Bill Gay. Our music is composed conducted by David Rose. And our story tonight was adapted by Leonard St. Clair. Until next week then, this is James Hilton saying, Good night. To send the very best. The very young will soon be seen starring in the Columbia picture of Paula. The role of John tonight was played by Ted DeCortia, Margaret Grayton was Martha, and with Bill Sallay and Frank Martin played Jason Reeves. This is Frank Goss saying, Good night to you all until next week at this same time. When hallmark playhouse returns to present Dana Andrews in Lorenzo Sears' John Hancock. And the week following, our traditional Christmas presentation paired to Paula is the story of Silent Night on the hallmark playhouse. This is KMBC Kansas City, Missouri.


この朝、リアクトデザインについて説明します。この朝、リアクトデザインについて説明します。この朝、リアクトデザインについて説明します。この朝、リアクトデザインについて説明します。この朝、リアクトデザインについて説明します。この朝、リアクトデザインについて説明します。この朝、リアクトデザインについて説明します。この朝、リアクトデザインについて説明します。この朝、リアクトデザインについて説明します。昨日、リアクトデザインのアドバンテージとデザインのアドバンテージが説明しました。この朝、リアクトデザインについて説明します。この朝、リアクトデザインについて説明します。この朝、リアクトデザインについて説明します。この朝、リアクトデザインについて説明します。この朝、リアクトデザインについて説明します。この朝、リアクトデザインについて説明します。この朝、リアクトデザインについて説明します。この朝、リアクトデザインについて説明します。朝、リアクトデザインについて説明します。まず、適当に供入力を負担するため、SFR cycle system is sufficiently small compared to other risks existing in society.このセクションは、ネクリアのエネルギーの抜群の抜群が必要です。このセクションは、私にとっては重要です。そして、このセクションは、エコロミックの強力です。SFRは、COSのSFRは、少し高いコンベンチの抜群の抜群の抜群の抜群の抜群です。このセクションは、エコロミックの強力です。COSの抜群は、非常に重要です。COSの強力は、エレクトリースティーの抜群の抜群の抜群の抜群の抜群の抜群です。このセクションは、エコロミックの強力です。そして、エコロミックの強力で、エクスポージャーの抜群の抜群の抜群の抜群で、TRUの抜群の抜群の抜群の抜群の抜群です。SFRの補助の効果は長期 demand for energy will keep increasing and the global scale.SFR system should possess the flexibility to adopt the changing energy needs by adjusting its active management capability.and also resistance to nuclear proliferation and enhance physical protection to exclude pure plutonium state throughout system flow.Inclusion of minor accident and highly radioactive fission product enhance the difficulty of accessing the nuclear material and lower their attractiveness.So this development target also described in the generation for booklet.There are many, there are four generation for reactor concept in SFR.First one is this one, Japanese sodium cooled first reactor.This is the monolithic large SFR, full type, loop type.So it is very unique to you.I would like to explain what the system is.This is the reactor vessel.And this is primary pump and intermediate heat exchanger.These two equipment are integrated to one equipment.And this is these two steam generators.S sodium will enter from the pump like this and then go through the reactor core and exit from the hot leg piping like this.Then go to the intermediate heat exchanger first and then primary pump.The primary pump pressurized the sodium.Then go back to reactor vessel called plenum.The intermediate circuit concerns the intermediate circuit.There is an intermediate circuit piping here like this.And the secondary pump is located here like this.After steam generator, then go back to like this.The size of this monolithic loop type is assumed like this.Example sodium first reactor is named as example sodium first reactor is like this.Maybe this one is explained yesterday, very detailed.So I will skip.This one is also the full type configuration SFR proposed by Korea.This one assumed the size as intermediate to large size practice.This is the pull.And this one is I guess this one is the IHL adge heater removal stack.I guess next is very small size pull type named AFR.Or modular SFR configuration like this.These are the example for the generation for SFR.Discussed in GIF generation for international forum.Next.I would like to explain what innovative technologies are incorporated in generation for SFR.I am devoted myself to the development of Japanese SFR.I would like to discuss the example of innovative technology by using the Japanese SFR loop type SFR.This is the list of innovative technologies in SFR which is included in JSFR.The first, in the core, all these ODS, Oxide dispersion, one cladding to achieve higher burn-up with elevated temperature.The ODS cladding is new to SFR.So we have made a series of research and development and decided to incorporate this innovative technology into the generation for SFR.Another one is this one from the economics.Two loop configuration.It is very new.Because this thermal output is 1,500 megawatt electricity.So the normal case, the loop will be 4 or 6.But in this case, two cooling system is adopted in order to reduce the plant bacteria.which means the plant cost, construction cost.And the shortening of piping with high chromium still.I will show you the plant layout in Monju.The piping layout is very long, very huge.So it is very necessary to shorten the piping.That's why we are trying to shorten the piping with high chromium still.Next is Integrated Pump IHX Component like this.Compact Reactor Vestor like this.Next, right hand side, the double wall piping.All the piping are doubled.Team Generator, this one is also double wall tube in order to exclude the water sodium reaction.Finally, the enhancement of reactor safety.Possible reactor shutdown is adopted in this.And heat removal by natural circulation also confirmed.Re-criticality free core is adopted.I will show you more detail in the next slide.This is the reactor core configuration.As I have mentioned, the re-criticality free core.This is the molten fuel discharge duct as a corner of rubber tube.If we face very, very local possibility.But we in SFP people assume to the core disruptive accident.In that case, molten fuel, some of the reactor core is meltdown.In such a case, the molten fuel discharge like this.Which means that the re-criticality free design.Next one is safety.As I have explained, the re-criticality free core.And the investor retention against CDA.Then we have conducted the IGR in NSC of Kazakhstan.We have experimented.But unfortunately, due to the Fukushima accident.This experiment is stopped now.And enhanced passive safety.SAS self shutdown system is adopted here.This one is confirmed by using JOIO.And passive safety by natural circulation.Due to this innovative technology.The economics competitiveness like this.In Monju like this.Electricity output is like this.280 and the plant size is like this.In the generation for sodium cooled first reactor case.The electricity output is like this.And the plant size is reduced.Electricity output of generation first reactor is about four times.But such area is about one fourth.So these are the examples of the innovative technology.Which are incorporated in generation four.These examples will be shared with another first reactor.Thank you very much.


Okay thank you. So firstly thank you for INCF for inviting me here to give this talk. I will talk about brain atlasing and data-basing in the BrainMinds project. So what I actually want to do is focus on brain atlasing and how the atlas that I've been working on has is used as a common space and a way to organize all of the data that's going into the database in this project. So for those who don't know the BrainMinds project started around five years ago so it's in the it's halfway through and the goal of this project is to map the structure and function of the common marmoset at the micro meso and macroscopic scales and apply these results to the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. So it's one of Japan's large-scale brain research programs and it consists of a large number of independent labs and in the past is around 65. So this is this is both a good thing and a bad thing. The independence allows people to pursue their research interest but it makes it more difficult to organize data if you want to put this into a database. So in the past five years in the neuroinformatics unit that I was a member of the infrastructure and basic systems to register store and share data with metadata was developed and so this is a diagram of the system that was developed it's basically an internal database with 1.2 petabytes of storage and an open database and data can be registered into the internal database by this research portal interface. There's also an high-performance computing cluster that's connected to this storage and then the open data is accessible by the data portal. So currently there's a large amount of raw trace and MRI data that's in this internal database and the next step is really to compile and a large amount of data that can be shared openly with the public and also develop the website that goes along with this. So this is the current website if you have a look at it it still needs a lot of work and that's the that's the plan in the coming five years. So what data do we want to focus on for the this open database? So actually we will focus on the meso and macro scale structural data for the open database. Part of the reason is we have in terms of the neuroinformatics activities we have a strong research collaboration with the groups that are involved in this data and all of this data will be organized around the brain mines 3D brain at this. So computationally there's a transform that will take you from the individual data to this common space. So here is kind of a summary of the types of data that we have been collecting and are organizing. So we have a large amount of trace injection data. The plan for that is an example of the data sizes. So this trace injection studies is using the tissue site system. So the goal is to have around 200 brains after 10 years and each brain the raw data is 4 terabytes so you can see that it's taking up a lot of space. In the next five years we plan to get adult brain ISH for around 1000 genes and high resolution MRI with a 9.4 Tesla MRI system along with the division weighted imaging for all of the brains that have trace injections. Cytoarchitectonic maps for a number of brains resting state fMRI and the functional data will be we hope to integrate that into the open database but it's not yet decided which data that will be. So I want to talk about the brain mines 3D mama set brain at this that is being developed. So I worked on this and I published on it and this is based on Dr. Hashikawa's Cytoarchitectonic annotations. This was also compared the nomenclature is compatible with the Paxenos Atlas so that's if you if you are here yesterday Piotra uses this this Atlas so this is one step towards interoperability and if you see here the the key point is that the nissle sections have been 3D reconstructed and aligned with the MRI T2 contrast and we have the annotation the parcelations here and we also have the divisions between the the brain boundary the grey matter white matter and an estimate of the mid cortical surface and the best thing is that it's in nifty format so it's very easy to use in your software. So we've also been upgrading this so now we have a population average 25 based on population average MRI T2 weighted image contrast based on 25 image scans and this has been mapped with the Atlas so now we have a very nice kind of MRI contrast that is being from the same scanner being used in the project. We also created a flat map and there's this this parcelation is 116 regions which corresponded corresponds to the original Atlas divisions and there's also an aggregation of this so some of the MRI studies want to use a Corsair grain division. So how is this Atlas being used? I want to spend a bit of time describing a use case as to how this Atlas is being used and it also give you an idea of what the type of data what type of data is being collected in the project until now so if you remember you might remember some this this mama set brain figure from Piotr's talk and his work they're doing retrograde trace injection studies and in our work we're doing anterograde trace injection studies so we inject here at the source the anterograde tracer infect cells and causes them to express fluorescent proteins that travel down to target sites so the idea of this trace injection connectomics is we do this for a number of brains we computationally process this data and reconstruct it map into a common space and then we can generate a connectome of the mama set brain so what does the tracer signal look like? Here's an example so this is generated from a nanosomal batch slide scanner it's one of the one of the techniques that has been used in the project so this bright signal is the tracer signal this is the white matter so this is a coronal section of the mama set brain if you zoom in you can see that these are the axons and where you see the blurry blurry regions this is the out of the focal plane so what is the actual procedure that you take to to go from raw data into some matrix of connectivity so you have the raw data you want to 3d reconstruct this raw data map it to a common space with an atlas you also want to segment out the tracer signal and you also want to identify the injection site and using this information you can add one row into your connector connector matrix so in this case for this for this example for this use case the experimental data that we that we acquired so we have injected the brain the brain is sectioned he's in using a micro time and at the same time block face images are taken so if you assemble these block face images they're all aligned and you can get a stable reference of the brain shape and two traces are injected once so you have green and red so there's a correspondence between the the fluorescence images captured by the nano zoomer and the block face so the idea is to map these fluorescence images to the block face so you can get the 3d reconstruction so just in terms of steps this is the first step you want to isolate the block face from the the dry I said it's surrounded and then you have a 3d reconstruction of the of the ex viewer brain and then the idea here is to register the population average MRI to the block face so this is in the individual brain space its top line is the horizontal sagittal and coronal views of the individual brain and the idea is to once you've registered this you can slice the MRI registered into the individual space and instead of using the block face which has low contrast you're registering the the the average MRI signal so you're registering the the fluorescence images to the average MRI signal which is shown here and in this procedure I'm using the ants normalization tools both linear nonlinear registration so once you've done that you can recover the shape and you can also since there's no interslice consistency in the reconstruction you can also use this approach which basically removes high frequency distortions in the registration and you can effectively align and reconstruct the full brain shape in a more reliable manner so if you if you look at the cerebellum here then you've got a more smooth a smoother reconstruction so unfortunate so in this nanosumus slide scanner they wanted the experimenters wanted to capture the very faint tracer signal so unfortunately the sometimes saturated the injection site so what they did was they took separate images of the injection site at lower arm exposure and so this is just showing that we can take these separate images isolate the cell bodies and map this back into the 3d reconstruction then into the common space and we can recover the injection site volume so that's it there and you can also see where it was the brain was punctured so what does the reconstruction look like at the end so if you just took all the slices the sections and from the taken from the nanosumus slide scanner and stacked them by the centroid you'd get this kind of distorted brain as you can see here but if you use this reference brain and you use computational techniques to align everything you can recover the true shape and actually this bulge here is this this brains a bit deformed so that's not a error so you can see that one problem is how do you so the next problem is how do you actually segment out this tracer signal so the images from this nanosumus slide scanner not stable they the intensity varies and there's nonlinear illumination distortion so removing the linear variation is not too difficult but as an example of the nonlinear kind of low frequency distortions and intensity if you look at this region of the coronal section where there's strong tracer if you just threshold this out of this some set value you can you can isolate this strong tracer signal but if you're also interested in capturing this weak signal you you need to reduce your the level of your threshold but at the same time you're getting some of background fluorescence of the brain so how do we deal with that well artificial intelligence has become so popular now we trained a unit architecture on manually created binary masks so we sliced the large fluorescence image into small regions manually drew masks took a very long time and tried to carry tried to use this neural network to characterize the different kind of features that appear for the tracer and also ignore the background which can be bright as well so as a result we could successfully do that so here's a here's a close-up of the the occipital lobe and if you zoom in further you can see this is the tracer signal for a dense and we can also segment it so this is after binarization and this is a video of the result as well so this is a zoom in of the one chrono section and how we can use AI to segment out the tracer signal and this image is very big so it's three gigabytes 16 bit image at five fifty thousand by fifty thousand pixels so in order to process this image we had to divide it up into smaller regions and then apply the neural network and what does this result look like once we map everything into the common brain space so here's some reconstructions this is for one injection into MT but this shows the first row is the green channel of the one tracer and the second row the other red tracer so if you look closely you can see this is the injection site here and the injection site here and what's interesting is even though these are both in MT the green inject I think let me see the red injection was injected more superior and the green injection slightly lower and you can see how the projection varies even though the injection was done into the same region so this is also why it's interesting to study the and I think intrinsic connectivity or the connectivity within regions and not just make a summary region to region and in these type of studies so to normalize the data further what was done was the neuro anatomists actually annotated each of these brains being used in this some trace injection work so now I made a pipeline to convert the their annotations into 3d so now we have individual cortical atlases for each brain and we can use this information to further normalize this data when you map map into the common brain space so this this also helps us validate our results we have we have we don't have to rely on a single parcelation scheme we have actual some psycho psycho-architectonic evidence for the the brain boundaries and how we use this information we actually try to align the data in the cortical flat map space so 2d to 2d flat map space is a bit easier to align than then full 3d and this is the final result of two inject two injections also for two injections per brain and two cases so you can see the injection site here this is the cortical flat map anterior posterior and superior inferior and yet so very small injection here and actually this is this shows that this is just the the way the flat map of the individual brain was warped into the common flat map space so the next step after you've got this far you want to summarize all of the connectivity from a large number of injections so this is just showing that I'm going from this kind of data this this kind of image image data you can quantify it further and look at some summaries of the connectivities within and across hemispheres so moving forward as I mentioned this was from a nanozema batch slide scanner and we were we're going to move to well it's already been in process so in the previous five years there's a number of trace injection activity so one of them was using the batch slide scanner another was using the tissue site system and now the project has consolidated the efforts into this tissue site system for superior data quality because with the system you are sectioning the brain and imaging it all together so with that you can reconstruct the a very nice some 3d reconstruction you don't have this alignment problem when you're working with the data and just as an example so now this is the tracer signal and mapped into a common space and then also to characterize different trace in different regions the cortex and some subcortical structures have been delineated so in summary I've talked about brain atlasing and atlasing and how it's been applied widely to the brain mind studies so the plan for this atlas is that we want to upgrade this we want to upgrade the atlas by using information from multiple brains as you saw before we have so to our site architecture maps for individual brains and we also have been collecting diffusion-mated imaging so all of this data can be used to improve the atlas in terms of data basing so the brain minds database infrastructure has been established it's it has been it's being used for sharing of the raw tissue site data and raw MRA data within the project but the the open database has not been developed to a sufficient degree so that's that's what we want to focus on in the next five years how can we share a lot of this valuable mama set experimental data and another thing that is quite obvious is from this is that we can pursue and interoperability with other mama set data sets data sets specifically via the atlas that we have built so if you if you're here yesterday then you would have seen Piotr's talk on the mama set brain connectivity atlas all of their data is retrograde tracer data and we're collecting anterior grade data so it it's a very complimentary data set and it'd be very nice to look look at ways to connect these two and study it so thank you for listening and please talk to me if you want to know anything more thank you very much indeed I think the marmoset now is really quite an exciting project I never saw it developed so nicely when I first time heard about that I thought it's just a curiosity of some sort but no it's really very important so few questions please yes very nice talk thank you congratulations for the project and I have a question is about the choosing injections like this is more for the like starting of the sorry could you choosing injections I was part of the cortex are you guys kind of evenly dividing cortex in the two dimension or two dimension array based on the flat map and just unbiased and inject everywhere or you choose some strategic reason to focus a little bit so in the first five years of the project there are three tracer teams one tracer team is focusing on the prefrontal cortex another on the auditory temporal region and another was trying to do some sort of general coverage and that would that was how that was working and in the next five years the plan is to have more general coverage yeah okay next question hi that was a fantastic talk thank you and I was curious because you talked about ants quite early on which is the the an elastic registration yes so because you've gone to the effort the brilliant effort of individual atlasing you've got all these anatomical components delineated have you attempted to do 3d to 3d mapping using ants because what I've always been interested how well does it register and you could actually answer that question with these coefficients and measures oh yeah so I haven't quantified it based on the data that I showed you today okay but there is very I mean you can see the variation appears more in the harder to register areas so especially for example the the mama's it brain the cortex is relatively smooth but you usually have the most trouble in the lateral fissure because in many small regions there yeah but it's actually with the mama said I found ants it works that you can normalize data but the approach you take is the more information you can use to normalize even even if that's coming from expert annotations that the better I think if you want to get something perfect you can't avoid that yeah okay thank you okay any more questions at this stage you know everything there's one thing that that that came to my attention I saw this injection in empty two injections one slightly slightly more superior and we got this very distinct difference in connectivity pattern could you do you know I can you can recall what's large are the injection sites what are a lot what's the volume of the halo and then on the ejection which leads me to the follow-up question whether it would be actually indeed possible to study studying transit connectivity with these injections so for the second part of the question yes definitely I think I think this data will be great for studying this especially with this one challenge is how how were we going to segment the the the kind of from the actual interior chaser and what we found with the AI technique is it's very good to pick up these various what faint axonal projections that you might miss if you're just trying to search through a very very huge image and for the size I don't know but I can share that with you later and there's also a publication on the sexual data set that's that's specifically focusing on this so okay cool things yeah