Hello and welcome to the Groundline Review, your source for everything one piece. And today, for the Devil Fruit Encyclopedia, we are going to be taking a look at the terrifying world of hormones as we examine the Horu Horu No Mi. The Horu Horu No Mi is a Paramecia-type fruit that allows its user to craft unique hormones that can affect anybody they strike, including the user themselves. And this of course can produce a variety of interesting effects, to say the least. The fruit was consumed in the series by the glorious Emporio Evenkov and made its first appearance during the Impel Down Arc. Easy, easy etymology this time as the Horu Horu No Mi takes its name directly from the English word Hormone, which would be pronounced as Hormon in Japanese. Although to be fair, English is a very sneaky language and stole most of its words from other languages, in this case being ancient Greek. Whatever the case, once this word made its way back into the English vernacular, this and Funimation both decided to translate it as the Horm Horm Fruit, effectively shortening the word exactly as it was done in Japanese, but with a less satisfactory sound. All right, so anybody who has gone through puberty knows that regular hormones are pretty insanely powerful. However, this devil fruit takes things to a whole new level, granting the user the ability to influence factors such as emotional states, thermoregulation, growth, and even the manipulation of a being's entire gender. But before we get into those, it's very important to note the delivery mechanism of said hormones, which are administered through a series of fingers that morph into syringes. Now, if you're influencing yourself for another willing party, that's fine. However, if the user were attempting to access their powers through combat or another more hostile situation, then this is a pretty big drawback because it depends entirely on their ability to strike their opponent. But should that condition be satisfied, let's take a look at the potential results. First up in terms of growth, the user is able to gigantic physical features of a particular being, which could be incredibly useful in a wide array of situations. And to use basic combat, for example, the user could inject themselves to give them gear third like super arms, or perhaps even on an opponent to thoroughly confuse and throw them off. It should be said that while no evidence has been shown in the series, in theory, it should also be possible to use hormones to shrink certain bodily aspects, as synthetic hormones have been implemented in the real world for various purposes, such as reducing height. And with the amped up craziness of the horu horu no mi, I don't think it would be out of the question for the user to turn either themselves or another target into what would effectively be a chibi version of themselves. Of course, these hormones can also be used for healing purposes as well, as the user of the fruit can generate substances that unleash the full potential of the bodily immune system, which can range from enhanced fighting of a common cold all the way to allowing the body to overcome an overwhelming deadly dose of poison generated by a certain warden of impel down. However, it must be noted that in these more extreme cases, survival of the target is almost entirely dependent on their own personal will. Should they not wish to fight, then a fully armed immune system is near pointless, as it would be receiving orders to surrender. However, with a voracious general and quite a battle will ensue. There is however, one huge detriment to engaging in this particular use of the fruit, which is that the body suffers a certain degree of after effects after being kicked into overdrive. And these are not trivial either. For example, in order to save Luffy's life in the series and give his body the power to fight Magellan's poison, it costs 10 years of his overall lifespan to complete the process, which I suppose, yes, is better than dying right then and there, but there are perhaps other situations, you know, non-life-threatening ones in which a user may wish to rethink their use of the fruit. For example, these hormones can also be used to relieve stress, tension, and fatigue, which allows a person to push far beyond their natural physical and mental limits. Although it does come at a cost of heavily increased fatigue hitting the target once the effects of the hormone have worn off, as well as potential long-term lifespan reducing effects, as previously stated. But another pretty insane possibility exists within this fruit, but the ability to completely change the gender of an individual. Now, for the purpose of combat, this is obviously a massive advantage because forcing your opponent into a body that they are unfamiliar with will result in a sharp decline in their natural abilities. Plus, there is also the initial shock factor to consider because of the time it would take them to mentally adjust to their new form. A psychological advantage that Emporia Weave and Coff has applied on multiple occasions throughout the series. But it should also be said that this feature, unlike several other devil fruits, which invoke a temporary change, is permanent. So in reality, the user of this fruit would come to completely change the world as we know it, should they be inclined. I mean, for example, gender dysphoria may all but cease to be with an easy and reliable source of switching to a physical form that caters to one's preferred identity. The thing about this, though, as well as every other effect crafted by the user, I guess, is that they could only be applied on a global scale through a means of mass production, which may not be entirely out of the question, because whilst even Coff has only really been shown injecting hormones directly into a target, there is the possibility that they could be extracted from his body and used without his implementation, possibly even studied and replicated as well, in which case these insane powers would come to potentially reshape the world as we know it. So with that in mind, let's take a look at how this fruit is put to use by Emporia Weave and Coff, who may be best known as a member of the Revolutionary Army to the readers and viewers of One Piece. However, to the denizens of the world, he is also known as a miracle man. People from all throughout the world seek him to perform miracles on them, which we can infer would be devil fruit related, whether it would be helping them to fight a deadly disease, swap their genders, or anything else that this crazy hormone fruit is capable of. As such, even Coff grew a dedicated following of individuals who wished to live a more fluid lifestyle than the one presented by Standard Society. And even Coff will frequently change the genders of both himself and his followers, depending on how they are feeling at any given time. Although one of even Coff's more devastating uses of the horror horonomy is employing the growth hormone and applying it to his own head. This is very important because even Coff's primary method of attack in the series are shockwaves created by his winking motion, which means that the bigger the lashes to wink, the more powerful the shockwaves become. But in even Coff's particular case, making his head gigantic can also serve a purpose of transportation. As allegedly, his hair is able to hold a total of 235 people within it whilst the growth hormone is active. Now, as for the good old fashioned world of awakening, it's another non-standard paramecia, so changing your environment probably isn't on the cards. But another natural escalation of the fruit may have to do with the delivery mechanism, which normally is through the syringe-like fingers. So perhaps an awakened user of the horror horonomy could bypass this and just excrete hormones from their body going forth into the world and affecting the environment in whatever way they say fit, kind of like a pheromone effect. And yes, I know that science by and large says that humans have little capacity to detect pheromones. However, with the kind of potency demonstrated by other effects of this fruit, I think that that most certainly has the potential to change and even if they still remain ineffective on humans, they would most certainly work on animals. And if there's one thing that One Piece World has in abundance, it's exceptionally large and absurdly dangerous creatures that an awakened user of this devil fruit may be able to manipulate into being under their control. So sort of like a miniature and more aggressive version of the ancient weapon Poseidon is what I'm thinking. Some other miscellaneous things to consider when becoming a hormone controlling human. In addition to everything we've mentioned thus far, hormones also have the ability to enhance memory function, which is why people tend to remember embarrassing or fearful events much more vividly. This is due to a release of adrenaline and cortisol, which results in temporarily enhanced memory. So you know, in theory, if you could control the release of these hormones into your body, then you could program yourself to more effectively remember information or circumstances that you deem more necessary for the future. Also something to be aware of with this fruit is that it will unleash a never ending storm of theories and speculation within your life and the world you inhabit, just as it has impacted the One Piece fan base. The most infamous act of which is the Crocodile Mom Theory, which states that crocodile was once a woman and is in fact the mother of Monkey D. Luffy. So as soon as painfully inquisitive minds become aware of your hormone abilities, I assure you that nothing will ever be the same again. And in the end, what we have here is a pretty nifty double fruit. Just as even Kov has become in the series, the Horu Horonomi can turn you into a literal miracle worker capable of everything I've mentioned in this video and probably more because the world of hormones is incredibly vast and powerful. The main thing to keep in mind is that these abilities do come at a cost but the immune system boosting hormones being directly linked to the loss of lifespan but there may also be smaller prices to pay with each use of the fruit because whatever application is invoked, it does put unnatural stress on the body due to the extremely concentrated nature of the substances being injected. Plus that's remember that the whole injecting thing is a pretty huge detriment if you'd planned on using the fruit in any form of combat. However, with a competent wielder, this fruit can no doubt accomplish some pretty phenomenal feats. Although it's probably not for me personally because I'm not keen on the after effects but certainly not a fruit to be ignored in the series. And with that, we are going to commit the Horu Horonomi to the devil fruit encyclopedia. Next time on the devil fruit encyclopedia, we will be moving on from Ivankov to his direct subordinate Inazuma to take a closer look at a very cool, very strange and very sharp fruit, the Choki Choki No Mi. If you enjoyed this video and the content this channel produced in general, then please do consider donating to the Grand Line if you paid Trion because the support of all of your amazing people is what continues to make this channel possible. And if you'd like to see more videos like this but applied to other anime and manga series, then please do check out my second channel, New World Review, for all of your wider needs. And if you'd like to join the fun at any time, then please do head over to my Discord server where a wide array of shenanigan retakes place on a daily basis. And finally, please do comment with your thoughts on the Horu Horonomi. This has been the Grand Line Review and I'll see you next time. Do you think we get a new show of Hunter, Hunter? And it, when are you macking new about Kralo Lucifer please? Sadly, I don't think we'll be getting a new show any time soon. I mean, despite the fact that the anime finished in 2014, we are nowhere near another installment due to the situation of the manga. In fact, the manga still has yet to complete a single arc from where the anime left off, largely due to the fact that the series is on hiatus much more often than it is in serialization. So for example, we haven't had a single chapter published thus far in 2019 and it's looking like a pretty grim year actually, just like 2015 when nothing was published or 2013 which had a grand total of two chapters published. So as much as I love another Hunter anime, there is almost nothing for it to adapt. We'd probably need to wait for the succession more arc to be over and all I can say is that it doesn't seem like we are anywhere near the climax of that yet. Also, I'll be making a video of Kralo fairly soon on my second channel, New World Review. Which kind of Haki would you choose? Uso Shoku, Observation, Conqueror. You can choose only one. That's a tough choice actually. Initially I'd lean towards Observation Haki but at the same time I can't deny that Armored Haki would come in very handy in a lot of situations. The one I'm least keen on is Conqueror's Haki because unless it has a more advanced application I don't see a lot of great use for it.  So you know, applying it in that situation might be fun. Spell Red. No.


MUSIC ON CHRISTMAS MORNING by Ann Bronte Read for LooperVox.org by Brianna Call Music I love but never strain Could kindle raptures so divine So grieve a sage, so conquer pain And rouse his tensive heart of mine As that we hear on Christmas morning Upon the wintry breezes born Though darkness still her empire keep And hours must pass their morning break From troubled dreams or slumbers deep That music kindly bits us wake It calls us with an angel's voice To wake and worship Andrew Joyce To grieve with joy the glorious mourn Which angels welcomed long ago When our redeeming Lord was born To bring the light of heaven below Empowers of darkness too to spell And rescue earth from death and hell While listening to that sacred strain My raptured spirit soars on high I seem to hear those songs again Sounding through the open sky That kindled such divine delight In those who watched their flocks by night With them I celebrate his birth Glory to God in highest heaven Goodwill to men and peace on earth To us a savior king is given Our God has come to clean his own And Satan's power is overthrown A sinless God for sinful men Descends to suffer and to bleed Helmlust renounce its empire then The price is paid, the world is freed And Satan's self must now confess That Christ has earned a right to bless Now holy peace may smile from heaven And heavenly truth from earth shall spring The captives galling blondes are riven For our redeemer is our king And he that gave his blood for men Will lead us home to God again End of poem This recording is in the public domain Music On Christmas Morning by Anne Bronte Read for LibriVox.org by David Lawrence Music I love, but never strain Can kindle raptures so divine So grief assuage, so conquer pain And rouse as pence of heart of mine As that we hear on Christmas morning Upon the wintry breezes born Though darkness till her empire keep And hours must pass From troubled dreams or slumbers deep That music kindly bids us wake It calls us with an angel's voice To wake and worship and rejoice To greet with joy the glorious morn Which angels welcomed long ago When our redeeming Lord was born To bring the light of heaven below The powers of darkness to dispel And rescue earth from death and hell While listening to that sacred strain My raptured spirit soars on high I seem to hear those songs again Resounding through the open sky That kindled such divine delight In those who watched their flocks by night With them I celebrate his birth Glory to God in highest heaven Good will to men and peace on earth To us a Saviour king is given Our God has come to claim his own And Satan's power is overthrown A sinless God for sinful men Descends to suffer and to bleed Hell must renounce its empire then The price is paid, the world is freed And Satan's self must now confess That Christ has earned our right to bless Now holy peace may smile from heaven And heavenly truth from earth shall spring The captive's galling bonds are riven For our Redeemer is our king And he that gave his blood for men Will lead us home to God again End of poem, this recording is in the public domain Music on Christmas morning by Anne Branti Read for LibriVox.org by Ernst Batinama Music I love, but never strain Good kindle raptures so divine So grieve as wage, so conquer pain And rouse this pensive heart of mine Is that we're here on Christmas morning Upon the wintry breezes born Though darkness still our empire keep And ours must pass our morning break From troubled dreams or slumbers deep That music kindly bids us wake It calls us with an angel's voice To wake and worship and rejoice To greet with joy the glorious morn Which angels welcomed long ago When our redeeming Lord was born To bring the light of heaven below To powers of darkness to dispel And rescue earth from death and hell While listening to that sacred strain My raptured spirit soars on high I seem to hear those songs again Resounding through the open sky That kindled such divine delight Those who watched their flocks by night With them I celebrate his birth Glory to God in highest heaven Goodwill to men and peace on earth To us a Saviour King is given Our God is come to claim his own And Satan's power is overthrown A sinless God for sinful men A sense to suffer and to bleed Hell must renounce its empire then The prize is paid, the world is freed And Satan's self must now confess That Christ has earned a right to bless Now holy peace may smile from heaven And heavenly truth from earth shall spring The captive's galling bonds are riven For our Redeemer is our King And he that gave his blood for men Will lead us home to God again End of poem This recording is in the public domain It's that we hear on Christmas morning Upon the wintry praises born Though darkness still her empire keep And ours must pass your morning break From troubled dreams or slumber's deep That music kindly beats us awake It calls us with an endless voice To wake and wash a bentred choice To greet with joy the glorious one Which angels welcomed long ago When our redeeming Lord was born To bring the light of heaven below The powers of darkness to dispel And rescue earth from death and hell While listening to that sacred strain We raptured spirits so as on high As him to hear those songs again Resounding through the open sky That kindled such divine delight In those who watched their flocks by night With them I celebrate his birth Glory to God on highest heaven Good will to man and peace on earth To us a savior king is given Our God is come to claim his own And Satan's power is overthrown A sinless God, for sinful man Descends to suffer and to bleed Hell must renounce its empire then The price is paid, the world is freed And Satan's self must now confess That Christ has earned a right to bless Now holy peace may smile from heaven And heavenly droves from earth shall spring The captive-scaling Bonseriven For our redeeming is our king And he that gave his blood for man Will lead us home to God again End of poem This recording is in the public domain I suppose this pensive heart of mine As that we hear on Christmas morning Upon the wintry breezes born Though darkness still her empire keep And ours must pass air-morning break From troubled dreams or slumbers deep That music kindly bids us wake It calls us, within angels voice To wake and worship and rejoice To greet with joy the glorious morn Which angels welcomed long ago When our redeeming Lord was born To bring the light of heaven below The powers of darkness to dispel And rescue earth from death and hell While listening to that sacred strain My raptured spirit soars on high I seem to hear those songs again Resounding through the open sky That kindled such divine delight In those who watched their flocks by night With them I celebrate his birth Glory to God in highest heaven Goodwill to men and peace on earth To us a Saviour King is given Our God is come to claim his own And Satan's power is overthrown A sinless God for sinful men Descends to suffer and to bleed Hell must renounce its empire then The price is paid, the world is freed And Satan's self must now confess That Christ has earned a right to bless Now holy peace may smile from heaven And heavenly truth from earth shall spring The captive's galling bonds are riven For our Redeemer is our King And he that gave his blood for men Will lead us home to God again End of poem This recording is in the public domain Music on Christmas morning by Ann Bronte Read for livervox.org by Hunter Leslie Music I love that never strain Could kindle raptures so divine So grief assurge, so conquer pain And rouse this pensive heart of mine As that we hear on Christmas morning Upon the wintery breezes born Through darkness still her empire keep And ours must pass ere morning break For troubled dreams or slumbers deep That music kindly bids us wake It calls with an angel's voice To wake and worship and rejoice To greet with joy the glorious morn Which angels welcomed long ago When our Redeemer Lord was born To bring the light of heaven below The powers of darkness to dispel And rescue earth from death and hell While listening to that sacred strain My raptured spirit soars on high I seem to hear those songs again Resounding through the open sky That kindled such divine delight In those who watch their flocks by night With them I celebrate his birth Glory to God in the highest heaven Good will to men and peace on earth To us a savior king is given Our God is come to claim his own And Satan's power is overthrown A sinless God for sinful men Descends to suffer and to bleed Hell must renounce its empire then The price is paid, the world is free And Satan himself must now confess That Christ has earned the right to bless Now holy peace may smile from heaven And heavenly truth from earth shall spring The captive's galing bonds are riven For our Redeemer is our king And he that gave his blood for men Will lead us home to God again End of poem, this recording is of the public domain As that we hear on Christmas morning Upon the wintry breezes born Though darkness still her empire keep And hours must pass ere morning break From troubled dreams or slumbers deep That music kindly bids us wake It calls us with an angel's voice To wake and worship and rejoice To greet with joy the glorious morn Which angels welcomed long ago When our redeeming Lord was born To bring the light of heaven below The powers of darkness to dispel And rescue earth from death and hell While listening to that sacred strain My raptured spirit soars on high I seem to hear those songs again Resounding through the open sky That kindled such divine delight In those who watch their flocks by night With them I celebrate his birth Glory to God in highest heaven Good will to men and peace on earth To us the Saviour king is given Our God has come to claim his own And Satan's power is overthrown A sinless God for sinful men Descends to suffer and to bleed Hell must renounce its empire then The price is paid, the world is freed And Satan's self must now confess That Christ has earned a right to bless Now holy peace may smile from heaven And heavenly truth from earth shall spring The captives galling bonds are riven For our Redeemer is our King And he that gave his blood for men Will lead us home to God again End of poem, this recording is in the public domain So conquer pain and rouse this pence of heart of mine As that we hear on Christmas morning Upon the wintry breezes born Though darkness still her empire keep And ours must pass air morning break From troubled dreams or slumbers deep That music kindly bids us wake It calls us with an angel's voice To wake and worship and rejoice To greet with joy the glorious morn Which angels welcomed long ago When our Redeeming Lord was born To bring the light of heaven below The powers of darkness to dispel And rescue earth from death and hell While listening to that sacred strain My raptured spirit soars on high I seem to hear those songs again Resounding through the open sky That kindled such divine delight In those who watched their flocks by night With them I celebrate his birth Glory to God in highest heaven Goodwill to men and peace on earth To us a Saviour King is given Our God has come to claim his own And Satan's power is overthrown A sinless God for sinful men Descends to suffer and to bleed Hell must renounce its empire then The price is paid, the world is freed And Satan's self must now confess That Christ has earned a right to bless Now holy peace may smile from heaven And heavenly truth from earth shall spring The captive's galling bonds are riven For our Redeemer is our King And he that gave his blood for men Will lead us home to God again End of poem This recording is in the public domain That we hear on Christmas morning Upon the wintery breezes born Though darkness still her empire keep And ours must pass Hear morning break from troubled dreams Or slumber deep That music kindly bids us wake It calls us with an angel's voice To wake and worship and rejoice To greet with joy the glorious morning Which angels welcomed long ago When our Redeemer Lord was born To bring the light of heaven below The powers of darkness to dispel And rescue earth from death and hell While listening to that sacred strain My raptured spirit soars on high I seem to hear those songs again Resounding through the open sky That kindled such divine delight In those who watched their flocks by night With them I celebrate his earth Glory to God in highest heaven Good will to men and peace on earth To us a savior king is given Our God has come to claim his own And Satan's power is overthrown A sinless God for sinful men Descends to suffer and to bleed Hell must renounce its empire then The price has paid, the world is freed And Satan's self must now confess That Christ discerned a right to bless Now holy peace may smile from heaven And heavenly truth from earth shall spring The captive galling bonds are riven For our Redeemer is our king And he that gave his blood for men Will lead his home to God again Music I love, but never strain Could kindle raptures so divine So grief a swage, so conquer pain And rouse this pensive heart of mine As that we hear on Christmas morn Upon their wintry breezes born Though darkness still her empire keep And ours must pass air-morning break From troubled dreams or slumbers deep That music kindly bids us wake It calls us with an angel's voice To wake and worship and rejoice To greet with joy the glorious morn Which angels welcomed long ago When our Redeeming Lord was born To bring the light of heaven below The powers of darkness to dispel And rescue earth from death and hell While listening to that sacred strain My raptured spirit soars on high I seem to hear those songs again Resounding through the open sky That kindled such divine delight In those who watched their flocks by night With them I celebrate his birth Glory to God in highest heaven Goodwill to men and peace on earth To us a Saviour king is given Our God has come to claim his own And Satan's power is overthrown A sinless God for sinful men Descends to suffer and to bleed Hell must renounce its empire then The price is paid, the world is freed And Satan's self must now confess That Christ has earned a right to bless Now holy peace may smile from heaven And heavenly truth from earth shall spring The captive's galling bonds are riven For our Redeemer is our king And he that gave his blood for men Will lead us home to God again End of poem This recording is in the public domain Though darkness still her empire keep And ours must pass their morning break From troubled dreams or slumbers deep That music kindly bids us wake It calls us with an angel's voice To wake and worship and rejoice To greet with joy the glorious mourn Which angels welcomed long ago When our redeeming Lord was born To bring the light of heaven below The powers of darkness to dispel And rescue earth from death and hell While listening to that sacred strain My raptured spirit soars on high I seem to hear those songs again Resounding through the open sky That kindled such divine delight In those who watch their flocks by night With them I celebrate his birth Glory to God in highest heaven Good will to men and peace on earth To us a Saviour king is given Our God is come to claim his own And Satan's power is overthrown A sinless God for sinful men Descends to suffer and to bleed Hell must renounce its empire then The price is paid, the world is freed And Satan's self must now confess That Christ has earned a right to bless Now holy peace may smile from heaven And heavenly truth from earth shall spring The captive's galling bonds are riven For our redeemer is our king And he that gave his blood for men Will lead us home to God again End of poem This recording is in the public domain As what we hear on Christmas morning Upon the wintry breezes born Though darkness still her empire keep And hours must pass air morning break From troubled dreams or slumbers deep That music kindly bids us wake It calls us with an angel's voice To wake and worship and rejoice To greet with joy the glorious morn Which angels welcomed long ago When our redeeming Lord was born To bring the light of heaven below The powers of darkness to dispel And rescue earth from death and hell While listening to that sacred strain My raptured spirit soars on high I seem to hear those songs again Resounding through the open sky That kindled such divine delight In those who watched their flocks by night With them I celebrate his birth Glory to God in highest heaven Goodwill to men and peace on earth To us a Saviour king is given Our God is come to claim his own And Satan's power is overthrown A sinless God, for sinful men Descends to suffer and to bleed Hell must renounce its empire then The price is paid, the world is freed And Satan's self must now confess That Christ has earned a right to bless Now holy peace may smile from heaven And heavenly truth from earth shall spring The captive's galling bonds are riven For our redeemer is our king And he that gave his blood for men Will lead us home to God again


the course contents, the reference books as well as the examination which is nothing unique as per the institute norms. So let us start our discussion on you know because the geotechnical engineering is basically the mechanics of soils alright. So it so happens that this is the material and the mechanics you are aware of all of you have studied fluid mechanics you have done any course or not yet you still you are doing this semester already finished very good. So you have done fluid mechanics, you have done solid mechanics, you have done engineering mechanics. So mechanics nothing but the tools which we are using to understand the response of the material and in this case it so happens because we are talking about the geotechnical engineering our material is going to be either soils or rocks alright. Now there is a very interesting interplay between the soils and the rocks. So it is a good idea to understand what is the origin of the material all of us have some heritage alright we belong to some place linkage and so on. So the origin is the first question how soils are formed. So in today's discussion I will be focusing on how soils as a material which is going to be used by civil engineers particularly geotechnical engineers alright for various applications. So the materials part is either soils and rocks and then I would like to see what forms what rocks might form soils which is the normal process but it might so happen that soils might also form rocks I hope you are aware of this is it not. So it is a reversible process parents definitely they give you know they create offsprings sometimes it might happen that the offsprings might also create something which is look alike parents. So we will talk about the origin how the origin of the soils has occurred. In the process we will also try to define what this material is we will try to define the material soils alright the most important characteristic of this material is it gets formed by some process and then it gets either transported or it remains at that place only what is known as residual now this is what is normally known as formation okay. So the first thing is origin before that comes how to define this material how the formation of the soil occurs and this is where we will talk about several issues like conditions of formation. Now formation is a very deceptive alright say incomplete term it might so happen that the formation could be you know strata itself is also known as formation so suppose if I say that this is the ground level normally we define the soil surface like this is what is known as geo-microbiosphere so anything which is existing below the ground level is our domain alright so this is the domain in which lot of geo is earth and in this system there could be microbial activity there could be different type of activity which might be taking physics might be occurring physical chemical and the logical thermal and what not. So if I say that the whole strata is stratified strata is plural and stratum is singular so each of this layer if I say layer alright number 1, number 2, number 3 and so on unless you hit the mantle or the core these are all the layers layer 1, layer 2, layer 3 alright so the strata is the entire thing strata is layer now as I was saying the formation could be connoting to please remember these few words in the beginning of the course then our language becomes same and I hope you will not have any difficulty later on. So if I want to define the layer number 1 this is the formation clear now you must have realized you know somewhere here we have hills you know Himalayas and somewhere down the geographical line this is you know this would be let us say Oogle and I hope you understand why I am drawing this this is the journey which the entire system is going to traverse means travel what is going to happen here because of various activities like the system is going to get fragmented those of you who might have gone for trekking in Himalayas or the hilly terrains you must be realizing lot of boulders big piece of the you know rocks they keep coming out so that is one process which is what is known as weathering we will discuss about this later on. So it so happens that the big chunks of the rocks they get detached from the parent body by some process it could be physical take a hammer start hammering it the system gets you know converted into small small pieces there could be a chemical weathering taking place alright because of the chemical actions and this could be the fundamental property of the soils or rocks there could be a combination of the two there could be a thermal activity which might be occurring over here temperatures go very high and the system develops thermal stresses cracks develop when the rains come all these cracks get filled up with water and these boulders start rolling down alright. So this is what actually we are going to talk about so formation includes how ultimately traveling from point number A to somewhere in the plains you know water plains, gangetic plains so those of you are from the central portion of India Delhi UP Uttarakhand not Uttarakhand Uttarakhand still goes into the hilly terrain so these are the plain areas where the slopes of the you know ground are not much and then ultimately what happens this thing over comes over and gets into a ocean is this okay. So this whole journey A to B to C we are trying to capture 2, 3 things which are very important how the fragments get formed in other words how the soils get formed what is causing them to come from A to B this is what is known as a transportation agency. So formation is going to depend upon the cause you know and this cause is going to be mostly weathering and this weathering could be either physical chemical it could be even microbial alright sometimes people also call this as a biological and this could be the combination of X, Y and Z as well so this is as far as the formation is concerned. The second term which will be going to introduce which we are going to introduce would be what causes soils and how they get transported in your opinion what are the transporting agencies which you might be aware of which would move the fragmented portions of the rocks from A to B and B to C very nice so transporting agencies would be either water yes in most of the cases this is water sorry rains, winds, air nice good next sorry very good it could be gravity yes why not what else so it so happens something detaches over here because of the weathering action so weathering is nothing but disintegration this causes this integration alright is this part clear are you realizing the material with which you are going to work is this okay so it depends upon all these things it is a big matrix water, air, gravity anything apart from this which might be transporting agency living organisms will not transport the soil their role is different so living organisms what you are trying to connote to is microbial activity that is responsible for creating the weathering process or disintegration of the rocks fine I mean I cannot justify your answer so anybody else you think that living organisms yeah human beings if you are saying then yes that is possible we are the biggest culprit is this okay so mostly you know have you have water you have air you have gravity you have human activities another interesting thing over here is see some very intelligent material soils we will talk about this later on why it is so intelligent because simple answer is it gives rises to it gives rise to the entire what you call it life this is correct or not life originates from soils so we talk about the cause we talk about the transportation agencies there are few materials which get disintegrated but unfortunately they cannot get transported so we talk about deposition characteristics and normally we term them as residual which one is going to be more experienced more knowledgeable more workable all adjectives which you can think of you should attribute to this a person who stays all the time in his or her home or the one who comes out travels meets people takes his or own decisions there is a lot of similarity between what we are studying and what I just said look at the process they were form somewhere because of some external agencies fragmentation took place the second thing came in the picture transportation it carried the material up to a certain distance and this distance could be geological distance of few thousands of kilometers agreed in the process what is going on all these agencies are giving lot of rubbing effects abrasive effects you must have seen when you go to the Himalayas you know big big boulders are lying over there but as you come down towards let us say Kanpur Varanasi Gaya and all these areas what happens all these big boulders have got converted into a small particles sands clear so this in this process of grinding the type of grinding which you are going through at IIT Bombay what is happening you are becoming more knowledgeable or no whatever it is so you are getting exposed to different type of environmental conditions this is correct so a system which gets transported because of the transporting agencies keeps everything in its memory so it is not a inert material it is not a dead material it is a very intelligent and live material all right this is another attribute of the science so this is memory based and no wonder why silica is used as a basic ingredient for designing chips because the basic constraints of the entire thing is silica so we will talk about this memory effects in the material alright I will be using this term quite a lot what is memory of the material there is no other intelligent material like soils in the history of civilization steel do you really talk about the memory effect do you talk about how it was formed do you talk about how it was deposited you know how it is going to behave how it is going to react no we do not use these terms at all so that is the difference and that is why it becomes very important to study the mechanics of the soils this is part clear so we will talk about all these things coming to the second thing which was talking about the depositional characteristics how the deposition is taking place whether the soils are residual or they are transported so I was giving a logic the guy who never came out of the house he was born in the same house alright attend youth in the same house and became a big person in the same house and is also going to die in the same house there is something of this sort residual means the disintegration took place over here unfortunately there was no transporting agency transporting agency is nothing like teachers like us who might be carrying you along with us to some destination is this okay and then depending upon your fate you may get deposited somewhere you may settle down in a profession clear so this is what the depositional characteristics are there are few guys who remain in the profession for 20 years like me 25 years 30 years they might be getting rotten and they are another breed of the people who keep on changing their jobs every now and then another similarity are you getting this point so these guys are going to have a very different type of characteristics and memory in their brains so this is a very interesting thing which we can use for designing our structures when we are dealing with the systems which are either transported or which are is this part okay because what is my job my job is to put all of you in order I told you 2 o'clock means 2 o'clock everybody is there so I am going to dictate tomorrow with this material as another this material look this is how you have to behave because I am a technologist I am an engineer I want you to behave like this are you getting this point and that is what the engineering is all about that is what the technology is all about so I have a material clear I would like to dictate with it how I have to use the principles of mechanics which is nothing but the physics and mathematics put together tools understand and in the process all this happens ask any question I think I have given you the preface of today's discussion rest is all bookish if it is not clear please discuss so this is the preface of today's discussion anything which you like to add so suppose somebody asked you a question introduce yourself you are asking something last week you remember down the stairs yes suppose somebody says introduce yourself how would you introduce yourself this is the introduction of the material clear now make it a habit wherever you go in life today onwards Google where you are what type of soil deposits are available there you will learn a lot of things and if possible make it a habit to collect some samples also system retains what has happened in the past all right so the memory is what when you came here you are carrying some imprints of what happened in your childhood all right so when we talk about the engineering issues associated with the material we will talk about what the material carries in its mind clear and based on that it has a tendency to behave to exhibit its response so my name is Ankit Ankit yeah so how microbial weathering takes place okay that is interesting thing I think you should search it out on Google read some papers if you are really interested what microbes produce any idea microbes in soils produce gases and these gases could be hydro carbons agreed so imagine the system it is like a control volume where there is a lot of organic matter I do not know I should not have introduced this word right now but I am introducing you can capture all these things so this is organic matter all right so wherever the organic matter is the bacterial activity is going to harp so this is the bacteria inside and what this bacteria is going to do organic matter provides nutrition carbon nitrogen sulfur all right hydrogen oxygen and so on now what is going to happen you have provided enough food to the bacteria what is going to do it is going to be active what it does it eats up the material disintegration started it is a microbial or biological disintegration of the material deterioration of the material clear lot of R and D is being done in this context and those of you are interested in going for higher studies should note these words carefully geotechnical engineering has a lot of potential for R and D both in the industry as well as academics so my emphasis is to give you more ideas about what is happening in the world today rather than bookish knowledge all right so is this part clear so what microbes do they try to eat up the system at the same time they might create the system also so they act both ways so they may deteriorate or they may upgrade any system a good example of this is please go and check in on the net MICP these are all research ideas so this is a very interesting area in which lot of research is being done in the area of geotechnical engineering soil mechanics microbial activity and just check it on the net is this okay so what bacteria does is one of these processes if this is happening I should not bother but if this is happening the system follows the chain this onwards correct so this is the microbial disintegration fine I just wanted to provoke your thoughts what humans are doing I want to create a time in Bombay Antilia from where I brought all the materials geomaterials from somewhere in the minds of Rajasthan clear or let us say from Orissa or some south you know there are a lot of stones which are available in Kadapa region so humans also transport the material a beautiful example of this would be reclamation so most of the islands which are being created all over the world how many islands have been created in last 2-3 years look at the geography of the world of the world it is not stationary you know when we were kids we used to use the same book for 30 years the Atlas now what was happening Atlas keeps on changing every month yesterday something has happened it is a good example now so what has happened the geography is going to change so South China see what is happening China is expanding next time when you go to Singapore when you are landing just sit on the seat number a or last one edge and tip down what you will see a lot of activity going on in the ocean what do they do they bring soils from different places they dump them over there and they are creating islands you got the answer to your question so humans are also becoming extremely notorious in transporting the soils but this is how the civilization is how many islands India has constructed in last five years all strategic check it on net you understand so the geographical boundaries are changing why because it is my wish I would like to bring material from somewhere and dump it somewhere the same process I am following look at this the material was created by human activity by mine it I brought it in the barges over the pipelines or whatever I transported it and I deposited it so what nature was doing in millions of years I have done it in 5 years 10 years palm islands pearl islands world islands these are beautiful example of creation of land ok so human activity is associated let us say with the land reclamation search it out more yourself about this thing this itself is the formation of rock shall I add man made this is okay microbially induced calcite precipitation now because of this what is coming out of the bacterial secretion the system gets upgraded formation of rock takes place I can use it for my different applications very good question yes sir how a chemical can be used how can suppose if I go somewhere on the hill it rains and I carry a say 100 liters of sulfuric acid concentrated 5 molar sulfuric acid and I will pour it on the system what is going to happen chemical interaction clear so you are adding something chemically to create disintegration or weathering of the material clear so this could be by hammering as I said physical it could be chemical you add some chemical compounds in it have you ever seen any blasting which was done in any of the projects you know in the rocks so what do they do they drill holes they put chemicals and then they wait for 24 hours and what happens room clear the rock becomes this this fragmented is a chemically induced weathering of rocks for making highway projects is there any natural chemical phenomena phenomena of weathering good question have you heard about arsenic oozing out of soils in the western eastern part of the country this is one of the chemical processes which might be bacteria driven if you see any acid acid in pH it will be less than 4 point but go to the genesis industrialization and too much of industrialization means that most of your industries are emitting socks nox box so all these things will be in the environment and then what happens so when clouds forms these gases will also get trapped inside the clouds okay so when it starts precipitating rains precipitation means rains when it start precipitating that sulfur sulfur dioxide nox nitric oxide anything will get mixed with water and it will turn it into acid because yes because yes because so it will get precipitated on the rocks like if first of all such kind of rain happens in the region of Himalayas so the kind of chemicals that were precipitated over there might try to might trigger the disintegration of the rocks correct any other example which comes to your mind is this okay you have understood acid rains are a good example of how human activities are going to create more and more chemical weathering of the system including the buildings which you have constructed so let us start now with the conventional discussion let us say how to define soils you will be surprised to know that this is the material which has several definitions you know why so everything is a material so when I say define soils you say this boy is not very good very casual remark oh he is excellent he is a ten-pointer whatever you say like this you define a person by using some attributes in this case what happens is most of the attributes are a function of so it so happens that these functions these are the functions of the profession you understand is such an interesting material what is the meaning of this what is your name say your name at least Ashish sorry why you cannot follow my words or what so the definition of the material depends upon the attributes which are profession dependent how would you complete this statement depending on properties the function of the soil not the function of the soil I said the definition of the material depends upon the attributes and one of the attributes is the profession in which you are what is your hobby what you do apart from that poetry apart from that so suppose if you are a pottery maker many people who do sculptures is it not how would you define soil by the way most of my research on cracking characteristics of soils you know my guru was the guy who came for mood and ego who was doing your pottery making I called him in the lab and then after that I might have guided I do not know two three PhDs and several papers which I have written on cracking characteristics of soils and my question to him was that why your pots do not crack because this is the answer which BCC I was looking for and I was a consultant to BCC I hope you are aware of before 2011 World Cup I made their pitches I gave them a recipe so my big question in the mind was that let me create pictures which will never crack of course the spinners will not be very happy with me so why I am telling you this is this story is because if I am in this profession what would I like I would not like any system to crack but just now what I had said if I am creating pitches a spinner would like pitch to crack in the third hour of the match why then we have so many in our team we will go and finish the game in two days you are getting the point so what I what twist I have given the material is defined by the attributes which are mostly dependent upon the profession so you might be a border sculpture or you might be a player in what type of games you use soils in what type of sports you use change soils or what number 2 yes okay see my connotation is more on the terms very nice good in London is how many types of tennis you have varieties why how many types of courts you have yes now you could link the subject with the practice are you getting the point so why do they have these four grand slams why they want to test whether this guy is going to be a winner on all type of terms or not remember so you have clay courts clear you have grass courts also which one is grass courts we invalid excellent you are right so that means depending upon what sports you are playing and what are the requirements you can play with this material you can define the material is this okay football is not a very direct answer it should be either mostly tennis where the ball impinges and then you must have studied your mechanics course reverse English forward English all those things have you heard or not earlier ethnic 10 plus 2 physics no swing why the ball swings late cutter in cutter all these things are derived by the material properties if I can control over here everything the response is going to be different understand so it is nothing but the engineering properties which I have to modulate and the pitches are ready so tennis course is a good idea your cricket pitches are very good idea anything else apart from that basket ball not going to be of much because he but it is about you do not imping the ball intentionally on the ground when you are playing of course for bounce and all fine so anyway so this is their agriculture is a big profession is it not farmers of the country how do they check soil they do not have a laboratory what do they do they will just touch the soil they will rub it add some water again rub it smell it and they will tell you whether this type of soil is good for this particular produce or not why why they are so experienced I mean they must be checking some attributes for them the requirement of the soil is different fine suppose I am a florist you know what is florist the guy who is producing flowers they are very particular about you know a type of soil which should be used for creating a sudden breed of flowers it is a big business apart from this any other profession quickly tell me what are the other professions where you use soils sorry yeah construction okay so we will keep ourselves we will place ourselves engineering electronics not in the soil form so is extracted form of let us say silica which is one of the constituents of the soils so I will not put it in this matrix because of this reason alright we are talking about right now natural systems and professions okay but the answer is good at nano level we can think of yes any other profession sorry mining will come in engineering S&T let us say science and technology beauticians skin care where do they use soils you never bothered about it no Vargavi Vargavi yes please okay nice so


Hi everyone, I'm Sam Cahane. You're watching theCUBE on the ground from QuickBase in Power 2017. Excited to kick off the event here. This is our first guest, Joe Skola. He's the Senior Director of Technical Operations at Sage Payroll Services. Joe, welcome to theCUBE. Thank you. First time. It is, yes. Excited to be here. Great to have you. What did you think of the keynotes this morning? I thought it was wonderful. We're excited about what QuickBase has to offer this year and we're looking forward to it. Great, so Sage, how can you tell us about your company? Sure, Sage has been with Sage about 17 years. We've been using QuickBase for about eight of those years. Sage Payroll Services uses QuickBase throughout our operation from sales all the way through operations. It's really been our cradle to grave application for managing our customer base. That's great to hear. Out of those 17 years, how many of those years do you think you've been using QuickBase? It's been about seven or eight years now. Great, and your role, can you tell us a little bit about the day-to-days? Yeah, I work with technical operations. Really, my focus has been with our work with QuickBase. We acquired 17 different companies in the last 15 or... 17 different companies, that's amazing. Yeah, it's been 17 different payroll companies. QuickBase was the tool that we used to combine those companies into one operation. Really, we had disparate systems throughout and QuickBase allowed us to bring all of those applications and all of those companies into one operating system and just really to manage our business. Wow, so let's talk about the numbers, the efficiency numbers. What have you seen using QuickBase? Well, one thing, for example, every payroll that was submitted to us was touched by someone who had to go in and manipulate the numbers a little bit. Now, QuickBase has it to the point where only 10% of them are touched. So we've increased the number of accounts per rep by 70%, and also at the same time, been able to spend more time on the phone with our customers where it matters. At Sage, who is actually using QuickBase? The Sage payroll division in North America uses QuickBase. It integrates with 17 other applications that we have. They're separate databases for our payroll and other applications in Sage, and information flows nicely in and out and become really efficient for us. Right, and then at the event here, what are you looking to learn while you're here? Well, I'm going to attend a bunch of the sessions and see what's upcoming. I'm part of the product council, so I've seen a lot of what's coming in QuickBase, and I get to participate in that. So just really looking to learn a few tips, like from other users, and see how they're using QuickBase, and also a few of my associates are here, and I hope we can go pick up a few things to help us out too. Great, great. Well, I appreciate you kicking off the cube here today. Anything you want to leave the viewers with? Any last words? Go with QuickBase. If you're looking at other applications out there that are to compare, go with QuickBase. You'll love it. Joe, I appreciate it. Thanks for coming on theCUBE and CUBE Nation. Thank you for watching. Cheers.


Well, good morning. This is your morning wake-up paper. Is everybody feeling really, come on, a little bit of enthusiasm? Yeah, well, we'll soon beat that out of you. Don't worry about that. What I'm talking about today, don't mention the Bible, religion and identity in contemporary Scottish politics. It's perhaps what you would call the Sherlock Holmes, the dog that didn't bark, kind of story. You know, the important thing is the dog doesn't bark in the clue. And here we've got, I think, a story of where the absence of the Bible actually means something. So, I want to begin by showing you three pictures. I can do it with a clicker, actually, David. I think. First picture. The great Scottish reformer John Knox in the courtyard of New College, Edinburgh. There he is, the great reformer in some ways a kind of metonym of Scottish Christianity, gesturing to the heavens with his Bible firmly classed. Second, and you're not going to get away today with that, a lot of this, President Donald Trump taking the oath of office as 45th President of the United States of America. And thirdly, oh no, there he is, he's actually swearing, as you probably know, on two Bibles, because one's not enough. One belonged to Abraham Lincoln in the red box. The one on top is the Bible, his Scottish mother, Mary MacLeod Trump, who was born Gaelic speaking on the Isle of Lewis, gave him on his ninth birthday when he graduated from Sunday school.  There he is showing off his holy Bible, neurovised version, so obviously not infallible, but still he does hold to it. And there, in case we ever need to know, is all you need to know. The Bible is the most special thing, according to Mr. Trump. Our third picture is, anybody know that wonderful lady? Yeah, Nicholas Sturgeon, First Minister of Scotland, being sworn in as First Minister. And I think when we compare the three pictures, there's something interesting going on. As I said, Knox and the Presbyterian Reformation of the Scottish Kirk are a kind of metonym for many people of what Scottish identity is, grim Presbyterianism. But that's both a misleading account of what it means to be a Scott these days and it's a misreading of Knox. There he stands, clutching his Bible. What Bible is he holding? In all probability, the Bible he used and preached from and which he was in part responsible for translating into English, the Geneva Bible. And note that it was translated into English, not into Scots, which at that time was beginning to emerge and certainly there were writers in Scotland at that time who regarded it already as a separate language. It was never translated into Scots and quite programmatically because this is the rallying call of international Calvinism, this Bible. And we'll look at the long political and linguistic consequences of the lack of a Scots Bible. I mentioned about Mr. Trump, but the main thing I wanted to look at was the contrast because there's Mr. Trump with two Bibles, Nicola has none. She stands right hand up raised, no Bible in sight, no reference to the Bible in the ceremony. So, the absence of the Bible here, is that a mark of the accelerating secularization of Scotland? The absence of the Bible being a measure of its irrelevance to Scots politics? Or is it conversely a sign that the Bible continues to be not only active but positively dangerous in Scottish politics and therefore cannot be admitted to this moment? Absence can mean several things. Actually, this mode of taking the oath of the raised right hand without the presence of a Bible is not a post-Christian modern invention. It has a very long history. In British legal parlance, it's known as the Scottish Oath, or the Oath in the Scottish Manor. And some of it moved over to the States with the Bible, the raised right hand. It reflects ancient custom, no doubt, but it was reinforced by a culture that took its Bible and therefore the biblical injunction swear not at all entirely seriously. Far from showing indifference or disrespect to the Bible, this practice derives from respecting the awful authority of the text, which is too dangerous, too important, too powerful to be sullied by the sordid human business of oaths, laws and politics. Jesus does say, you know, don't swear. You take the Bible seriously, how can you swear on it? So the Bible may be absent from this kind of political moment, not because it's been discarded or ignored, but because it continues to be too potent and dangerous to be admitted. And I want to say that the rather striking absence of the Bible from contemporary Scottish political debate is an example where both explanations are correct at the same time. Absence is a double-edged, double-sided coin. The Bible's irrelevant and dangerous, outdated and all too prophetic. The epitome of one definition of Scottishness and the antithesis of another modern Scottish identity. So the example of Scotland may remind us that even in its absence, the Bible can be an unsettling, unreadable element in contemporary political discourse. Talking about the absence, well, I think it's probably as often best illustrated by the exception to the rule. The Scotsman newspaper on 28th December 2013 thought it worth putting this headline in the Scotsman, which is one of the major Scottish universities. Scottish independence Bible tale cited by SNP MSP and MSP is a member of the Scottish Parliament. Even the article below this, you know, this is newsworthy, shows just how hard they were trying to find the Bible in the debate over Scottish independence. The article begins, SNP MSP John Mason has suggested the Old Testament story of the Tower of Babel could be used as an argument for Scottish independence. Now, wow, but the reference comes from an article where Mason, who is a well-known evangelical Christian, was interviewed along with another Christian MSP who is opposed to independence for a small evangelical magazine, in-house evangelical magazine, and asked about the Christian response to the independence debate. And he wrote, I would maintain there is no one Christian line to take on Scottish independence. However, there is a principle from the time of the Tower of Babel that God split the peoples up as too much centralization was potentially a dangerous thing. So it could be argued that we should be wary of larger national units and supportive of smaller ones. So this great bringing of the biblical tale into Scottish independence was in answer to a specific question about that. It appeared in this small niche publication and it could hardly be more hedged with caveats. This is no great Christian proclamation of the truth of Scottish independence. The fact that this was thought newsworthy enough to plaster on a national newspaper is itself evidence of how low even an evangelical Christian MSP was to appeal to biblical authority in the biblical political sphere and how hard someone was looking for this to happen. Now of course, things were not always so in Scottish politics. The great symbolic document of Scottish independence sometimes read as the first declaration in European history of something becoming recognisable as modern nationalism and also by others taken as a precursor to the American Declaration of Independence is the declaration of our growth which was sent by Scottish nobles to Pope John the 22nd in Avignon to assert the rights of Scotland in the face of the claims to sovereignty over Scotland by Edward II of England back in 1320. Scottish politics is like that, 1320 is only yesterday. It's filled with biblical illusions and imagery and I've given you a sort of redacted copy of it, there's a lot in it that is a bit irrelevant to this. The Scots are given a migratory history like the Jews and the Romans in this case from Scythia. That's what the Scots say, we started out in Scythia and we ended up in Scotland. There's a bargain for you. And their claim to their land is made on grounds recognisable from the book of Joshua. As you can see, one of the things that the Scots nobles are claiming is that they totally exterminated the Picts who lived there before. There's nothing like a genocide to establish one's God-given right to a particular territory. In addition, they claim a priority within Christendom, having been among the first nations to be converted and that not just by anybody but by Saint Andrew, Peter's brother. And the link to Saint Andrew politically is always a subtle move as he's traditionally not only converted before Peter, he runs to get Peter so Peter comes second but also beat him in the race to the empty tomb. It's not for nothing that Russia and Greece and Scotland all with their various problems over the authority of the successor of Peter adopt Andrew as their saint. Now, Robert the Bruce, Scotland's king who, as you will remember, no doubt, at that time was under a ban of excommunication from the Pope. So this is a slightly complicated thing. They're trying to write to the Pope saying tell Edward to keep out of it on behalf of a king who himself has been excommunicated because of a murder in front of the altar in Dunfermline Abbey that he just happened to commit. But he's compared to Judas Maccabeus or indeed Joshua. He has done what they did. But interesting too is the clause that makes it clear that Robert the Bruce's position as king depends on his fulfilling the wishes of the people particularly in relation to freedom from England. He is our king, they say, but if he doesn't shape up, we'll have another king because what's important is our freedom. Now, though the implications of all this are much debated by historians and it's very possible and many people do to read far too much into this, Scottish commentators have seen this as a breakthrough in medieval politics, sovereignty residing in the people, the king ruling by their consent. You look hard to find an earlier document that so starkly claims that. And however true that is, the principle becomes central to the political theology of John Knox, the great reformer. He was of course a friend, disciple of Calvin, but he went much further than Calvin ever did in asserting that although Paul may enjoin obedience to the authorities, that obligation can never override obedience to God. And it's the church, the Presbyterian church, not the king, not the civil authority who determines what God's will might be through its assemblies and the presbyteries of ministers' laity. And the people not only have the right but the positive duty to overthrow oppressive and corrupted rulers. There's quite radical politics, you see, why he wasn't very popular with Mary Queen of Scots. But Knox was ambivalent over the Scottish aspect of this identity. His aim, along with all the other Presbyterian reformers, was the conversion of the whole of Britain to Presbyterianism. Who cared about little Scotland? It's England that's the prize. This is symbolised by the fact that although the vernacular Bible was so important to his thought, he never offered any defence for a Scots version of the Bible. The Scots could just about read English and that would have to do with them. And the Bible becomes a symbol of this British dimension to the Calvinist Revolution. It's a Bible for the whole of Britain. In his The Construction of Nationhood, Adrian Hastings points to the decision of the reformers not to produce a Scots Bible as a key moment that's left Scotland in this strange, always ambivalent is it a country, isn't it? Is a state, is it not? Is it a nation or isn't it? His overall thesis is a development of that aspect of Benedict Andersen's notion of the imagined community, where the perception of a shared literary tradition is an important element in the formation of a national consciousness. Hastings points out that certainly within Europe and often beyond, the key text in this regard is the Bible and that the history of Biblical translation runs parallel to the history of the rise of nations. In his words, while it would be a great oversimplification to regard the vernacular Bible as the sole catalyst for language unification or to claim that the development of a national consciousness could not be achieved through other means, nevertheless, as a matter of fact, the correlation between Biblical translation and what one may call a national awakening is remarkably close across most of Europe and quite often for other parts of the world as well. So on this argument, again, the lack, the absence of a Scots Bible is going to be clearly politically significant. It was, of course, the Scottish King, James VI, later VI and I, who on his ascension to the English throne programmatically took over this idea with the promulgation of a new translation of the Bible which would be read in every parish of his new United Kingdom. The King James Bible is a programmatically unionist document in that sense and though it took much longer in Scotland than in England to oust the Geneva Bible from the pulpit, the fact that the Bible in the Kirk was British rather than Scottish later contributed to the Church of Scotland slightly schizophrenic identity both as a marker and guardian of Scottish distinctiveness but also as a bulwark of the Union with England. Contemporary Scottish Protestantism retains that ambivalence. However, to read the influence of religion and the Bible on Scottish civic and political life nowadays merely through the lens of the Church of Scotland and Noxi's Reformation is deeply misleading. Let's see if the right thing comes up. And just look at religious affiliation in Scotland. This is from two censuses, 2001, 2011. 42% claim Church of Scotland but we have to remember that for many Scots that's the kind of default position just like people in England claiming Anglican identity. It doesn't mean that they ever darken the door of a church. By 2011 that's down to 32%. Trend that has accelerated of anything. Roman Catholic, 15.9, steady. No decline in Catholic numbers in Scotland. Other Christians, other religions. No religion from 27 to 36. The other way include also people that refuse to answer. You can see that to see the Church of Scotland 32% probably mostly nominal if that's not a bit unfair as the be-all and end-all of Scottish church life is rather different and the place of the Roman Catholic Church is really quite interesting. Actually it's interesting to compare that let's go to this one with the UK. This is 2015 a little later but not so different. This is for the whole UK 42% of people call themselves Christian whatever they mean 17% Church of England other Christian Roman Catholic 8%. What people forget is Scotland is a more Catholic country than the UK as a whole. It's not a more Protestant country it's more Catholic. Non-Christian faiths unaffiliated as well. Scotland is in line with the rest of the UK slightly behind but in line with it in this rising trend for people not to identify with any religious tradition. And this is interesting because the single most important trend in Scottish politics in the last couple of decades led to the fact that there are now only one Scottish MP who is not from the Scottish National Party in Parliament is that Scottish Catholics are now voting for the Scottish National Party. That's a change in the last 20 years. And the figures for the independence referendum which I think is that one are quite interesting. This is maybe a little hard for you to say but blue is no, orange is yes. Now they've done this rather peculiarly we don't really need to bother about that though it's interesting. Here are religious denominations Protestants 59% voted no. Roman Catholic 44% voted no 56% voted yes. Interesting. Church of England well that's a load of nonsense because what it probably means is the Scottish Episcopal Church and saving anybody's presence that it's not a large denomination by anybody's standard and it's got in there because people are doing this with a British rather than Scottish view of the thing it doesn't really matter what they do because there's hardly any of them. It's interesting also more women more women. The other demographic that's very interesting is that voting for independence clearly depends on age. Young people are far more likely to vote yes for independence than people in older age groups. So why is it that this has happened because Scottish Catholicism used to be absolutely heartland labour territory. It's the change that's happened in Scottish politics that involves that Catholic community. So we need to understand a little bit about that Scottish Catholic community. With the exception of a very few Highland and Hebridean parishes most of the Catholic community presently living in Scotland is the result of immigration of Catholics from Ireland to the west of Scotland predominantly. Attracted at the end of the 19th, early 20th century by the growing industrial wealth of the Scottish cities and their active canvassing for cheap labour. Something like half a million people arrived from Ireland into Scotland within a relatively short time. And that caused tensions with the existing communities as it would anyway exacerbated by the fierce anti-Catholic rhetoric that had characterised the Scottish reformation and still continued. And of course this Irish Catholic community had to react by defending its own traditions notably an insistence on maintaining separate Catholic schools. And if you ever want to get into an unhappy argument start an argument about separate Catholic schools in the west of Scotland. It will end badly, whoever you're talking to. Because the Church of Scotland for its own part took as one of its distinctive contributions to world civilisation, it's not modest its insistence on the provision of a school in every parish from the 17th century. So arguments about who could educate properly are going to be nasty. Now in 1923 their notorious report was received by the Church of Scotland, that means the Assembly of the Church of Scotland accepted this report. It was referred to the menace of Irish immigration. It contains sentences like this. They cannot be assimilated and absorbed by race. They remain a people by themselves, segregated by means of their race, their customs, their traditions and above all their loyalty to their church and gradually and inevitably dividing Scotland racially, socially and ecclesiastically. There's a great deal more in that vein that I'm sparing you, that certainly with hindsight echoes anti-Semitic and racist very closely. The report goes on to bewail what it says is an unprecedented situation where the progressive and educated Protestant Scots are emigrating to spread their industry and moral property around the world for the good of mankind while being supplanted in their own land by the degraded and immoral Irish as the Vatican rubs its collective hands in glee. Saving present circumstances. That was an official report to the Church of Scotland in 1923 and until the outbreak of the Second World War the church demanded an annual report on the progress of Irish immigration. That's far from the stance of the contemporary Church of Scotland. It's not hard to see how the memory of such rhetoric endorsed by the National Church would lead the Catholic population to be a little apprehensive of what might happen if Scotland became independent at the time when the Church of Scotland was in the ascendant. At the same time we shouldn't underestimate the Protestant self understanding as an increasingly beleaguered outpost of the rationality and morality of the Reformation and a bitter assault from both secularism and a resurgent Catholicism. Both communities felt beleaguered both with varying degrees of ambivalence found consolation in some way in the Union with England. To this day the more extreme Protestant groups in Scotland seek security in asserting the unbreakability of the Treaty of Union in 1707 under which the sovereign guarantees the position of the Church of Scotland and the reformed faith. It's one reason that certain Protestants will give for their maintenance of the Union is the way to maintain reformed faith. Catholics on the other hand preferred the relative tolerance of Catholicism within the United Kingdom as a whole to being trapped into dealing in a little independent Scotland with a Presbyterian establishment in Edinburgh. And they found solidarity sometimes it has to be said with a disapproval of the Catholic Church in the labour movement. Now this history of sectarianism in Scotland is painful. It has not yet run its course and yet something has changed. Now Catholics will vote SNP. I can't give the definitive description of this. I haven't got the knowledge and I haven't got the time. But there are some interesting factors where the Bible does play a role contributing to the success of the Scottish National Party. One key factor is Northern Ireland. Scotland and Northern Ireland are only 20 miles apart at their nearest approach. Both Protestant and Catholic communities in the west of Scotland have strong cultural and family ties that cross the Irish sea. However the dynamics of the two situations in the west of Scotland and the north of Ireland are very different. Catholics and Protestants on the island of Ireland has a significant Catholic majority. In Scotland the built-in majority is Protestant both within Scotland and within the United Kingdom. So the Irish community in Scotland the Catholic community could be both fiercely supportive of the independence and reunification of Ireland while resisting any moves towards Scottish independence. Both parties however are also very aware of the need to avoid it possible importing the violence and intractability of Northern Irish politics to the Scottish mainland. The role of the Bible in the rhetoric of Northern Ireland Protestantism is not something that any mainstream politician in Scotland has ever wished to imitate. When it has surfaced in Scottish political life it's been swiftly suppressed by all parties. The danger of the Bible in Northern Irish politics is all too obvious. However the development of the peace process allowed a relaxation of tension in Scotland. Now while this is happening the decline of the Church of Scotland means that its political hegemony has all but gone. The advent of a devolved Scottish Parliament spelt the end of the slightly bizarre situation where the one forum of national debate of policy in Scottish public life was the general assembly of the Church of Scotland. I remember as a child people don't always believe this from elsewhere when the assembly the Church of Scotland's Presbyterian assembly was televised live throughout in the days when there was only three television channels that was what you viewed for a week in Scotland was ministers debating Church of Scotland minister debating nuclear power, the installation of nuclear weapons in Scotland, no other forum to debate it but the Church of Scotland's assembly there wasn't anything. But now we have the Scottish Parliament it's even been suggested so doneically by the veteran Scottish author Alan Massey that the SNP is the new Church of Scotland a remark not intended as a compliment to either but if it is so the SNP is a church that's taken very seriously the potential dangers of any appeal to the Bible in Scottish politics. In Scotland the Bibles are divisive rather than unifying text identified with unionism and Protestantism and a definition of Scottishness that is grounded on both. In political terms it's both irrelevant and dangerous. Now just a couple of minutes but one thing I did want to mention this might seem a very parochial discussion of little interest outside Scotland however I was given pause for thought by an article written by one of our beloved government ministers in his day Michael Gove in the times of March the 9th Mrs May is our first Catholic Prime Minister In essence Gove argues that Mrs May was exposed to Anglo-Catholicism in childhood which means she's been tainted with Catholic social thought thus giving her an unlikely appeal to a certain kind of Catholic Labour voter he goes on as follows it also exposes the government to a longer term risk Britain's path to preeminence in the past followed our break with Catholicism and embrace of the reformation we pursued a global maritime buccaneering individualistic liberal destiny the spirit of our capitalism was infused with a very Protestant ethic now that we are once more freeing ourselves from a conformist continent to make our own way in the world the question of whether we need to be more radical to maximise opportunities or more cautious to reassure and protect is central to our politics really rather extraordinary stuff from a government minister you could question that on all sorts of grounds but there may be something to think about in British politics anyway and then in European politics the wider Brexit vote was conducted in a background where there may be almost unconscious cultural and religious assumptions about what it is to be British English, Scottish, European that float around in our culture the tension between Protestant identity and Catholic identity that is such a running sore in Northern Ireland or has been that might seem a mere aberration a kind of fossilised survival in this remote northwest part of Europe thankfully elsewhere is dead and gone or is it more like the last irritable patch of eczema which serves as a reminder that the body is always vulnerable and in times of stress to break out into an uncontrollable rush Scottish politics has become very adept at not mentioning the Bible but that does not mean that its residual effects are unimportant after all just because you can't see the Bible isn't there


Hello, Myself Ravindra Chauhan, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics Engineering, Walsh and Newstop Technology, Solapur. So in this session, we will discuss how to interface the temperature sensor LM35 with the 8051. So outcome from this session, so students will be able to apply the concept of LM35 interfacing to develop the electronic product with the temperature controller. So outline of the sessions, first we will see the LM35 sensor, then the signals for the ADC 0804 and how to interface LM35 with the 8051 controller through ADC 0804. So this LM35 is the temperature sensor and this is coming in the form of integrated circuit. So LM35 is an integrated circuit temperature sensor and the output of LM35 is in the form of voltage and this output voltage varies based on the temperature around it. So with the change in the temperature, the output of the LM35 is changing and this is in the form of voltage and LM35 it is widely used because it is small in size, it is cheaper and the output is directly we are getting in the form of voltage. So that is the major advantages of the use of LM35 and this LM35 measures the temperature between minus 55 degree centigrade to 150 degree centigrade. So the wide range is there minus 55 to 150 degree centigrade. This LM35 as it is having the output in the voltage form, it is easily interfaced with the any microcontroller through analog to digital converter and no any calibration or any special circuit is required for this because the output is directly in the form of voltage and that we can easily convert into the digital value by using the ADC and the output of the LM35 is 10 milliholt for each degree of Celsius temperature. Means when the temperature is increased by 1 degree Celsius then the output of the LM35 is changed with the 10 milliholt. Now this is the look of the LM35 only the 3 terminals are there 1, 2, 3 and the output is plus 10 milliholt per degree centigrade and temperature increases by 1 degree Celsius then the output of LM is increased with the plus 10 milliholt. So for example, say sensor output is 100 milliholt so temperature is 10 degree Celsius. At 0 degree Celsius suppose the output is 0 milliholt at 1 degree Celsius the output is 10 milliholt similarly at 10 degree Celsius the output is 100 milliholt the same goes for the negative temperature reading also if the sensor is outputting minus 100 milliholt that means the temperature is minus 10 degree centigrade. Now this is the circuit configurations used for LM35 so this is the first output is 0 milliholt plus 10 milliholt per degree centigrade when we are operating this LM in the range 4 whole to 20 whole okay and then full range centigrade temperature sensor here the output is 1500 milliholt at 150 degree centigrade and minus 550 milliholt at minus 55 degree centigrade means when it is required to use this LM35 to measure the negative temperature then we have to select the full range configuration okay where it is required to use one resistor with the value equal to the applied voltage divided by 50 micro. Now this is the general block diagram how we can use the LM35 along with the 8051 so LM35 its output is in the voltage directly we can apply it to the ADC any ADC we can use then the micro controller for the processing and then the next output part okay so you can use the display or you can control the relays like that depends upon the application so the ADC 0804 now this is works with plus 5 whole and it has a resolution of 8 bits means the digital output is of 8 bit and major signals are clock in so clock in as input pin connected to an external clock source so to use the internal clock generator the two signals clock in and clock R pins are provided and these are connected to a capacitor and a resistor circuit okay so and the clock frequency is determined by 1 divided by 1.1 the value of R and C okay so the typical values are R is equal to 10 k ohm and C is equal to 150 picofarad where the frequency getting is 606 kHz now this V reference 2 is used for the reference voltage okay now suppose if this V reference by 2 this pin is open not connected then analog input voltage is in the range of 0 to 5 volt which is same as your VCC means the ADC can convert the 0 to 5 volt means the digital output will be 0 for 0 volt and FF for maximum 5 if the analog input range needs to be 0 to 4 volt then V reference by 2 is connected to 2 volt if now you want to change your input range from 0 to 5 to 0 to 4 then it is required to apply the 2 volts to V reference by 2 pin now this is the table which shows the relations of V reference by 2 to V input range okay so if not connected input voltage range for ADC is 0 to 5 for if it is connected to 2 the input range is 0 to 4 now if we are using this with the LM 35 so it is better to apply 1.28 volt to the V reference by 2 okay because now our input range is 0 to 2.56 volt so for 0 volt we will get digital output equal to 0 and for 2.56 volt we will get maximum digital output FF okay and now the step size you see here 2.56 divided by 256 by 256 because ADC is of 8 bit digital output is of 8 bit which comes equal to 10 milli volt okay and the LM 35 is also providing the 10 milli volt output when the temperature is changing by 1 degree Celsius so for that you apply 1.28 volt to the V reference by now the some other signals are there WR okay it is to start the conversion so send low to high transition on this INTR which indicates the end of conversion then the read signal is there to enable the digital output and it is required high to low pulse on the RDP in the CS it is used to active the input and it is also enabling the ADC 0804 so this is the interfacing schematic of LM 35 with the 8051 so this is the 8051 this is the LM 35 whose output is connected to this ADC input okay and this RD and write operation is controlled by the processor so CS must be grounded so that this ADC 0804 can be active the algorithm for this so first make CS 0 okay then to start the conversion send low to high pulse to pin right okay then once the conversion is started then it is required to monitor the INTR pin to find out whether the conversion is finished or not okay so when INTR is low the conversion is finished if INTR is high means it is the conversion is going on so keep polling until INTR goes low CS equal to 0 and send high to pulse to the read pin to get the digital data from the ADC references thank you


who's this guy look at this look at this the CIA's bankers also known as Wall Streets and the big banks right who are those who are those people Cox Wilson Bush haha he's looking at the cards look at this he's actually holding up a deck of cards like trading cards and he's got Bush on there very cool very meta what is this the cards CIA attack ha ha ha CIA's bankers card number 14 the Nugan hand bank what is this what is this January 1980 Frank Nugan co-founder of the Australian based Nugan hand bank was found shot dead in his car on the outskirts of Sydney over the next few years the Australian government investigated the firm's mysterious activities they discovered that the bank did not did did no legitimate banking during its seven-year existence what it did do was laundromony for many large Asian drug traffickers and arrange arms sales to several third-world countries the banks the banks officials were mostly retired US military and CIA personnel such as Admiral Earl P. Yates former chief of Navy's Pacific Strategies General Leroy J. Manor former chief of staff for the US Pacific Command General Earl Cook Jr. and Edward F. Blank Waller Walter McDonald former CIA deputy director William Colby former CIA director and Nugans co co-founder Michael John hand a former special forces operative in Laos who disappeared shortly after the bank collapsed wow the investigation showed strong links between the bank and CIA bank and bank and hand CIA superiors in Laos Theodore Shal Shen Shackley and Thomas Klein as well as with former CIA and Navy intelligence agent Edwin Wilson Wilson's longtime partner Frank Turpel Turpel Turpel explained Nug's hands role in the CIA drug wars in a 1983 interview quote where do the drugs come from Laos who is the boss of Klein's Shackley who were they coming from where were they coming from Laos the pilot was sick word what was what was on the plane gold he was he was going to pay off the warlords the drug lords now what do you do with all the opium you reinvest it in your own operations billions of dollars not millions billions where did the money come from Nugan hand there you go wow wow 1983 interview the Australian connection the Australian connection well not really headquartered in Australia but ran operated by CIA and US military right retired the same type of retired generals in US military that come on corporate propaganda news and tell you that the United States is winning the war everywhere


Today, I have the pleasure of speaking with contributing editor Peter Clossy. How are you today? Very well. Thank you. How are you? So Peter, you're a lawyer, an investment banker, and a respected consultant for compliance, and you have been providing us with much needed information about this Canadian anti-spam legislation, or CASEL, as we call it. Can you please explain to our audience why this is one of the most actually shocking pieces of legislation I've ever seen happen? Glad to, Tracy. I've been banging the CASEL drum for some time. CASEL is so invasive, it touches everything that a business does, and yet we haven't given it the attention and the respect it deserves. Already, companies have been fined hundreds of thousands of dollars for being offside CASEL, and yet it hasn't made its way to the mainstream yet. In 2016, this will be the number one issue for risk departments across every business to deal with. So for all of those in the mainstream that do not know what CASEL is, can you please explain what it is? Because it seems that many people are defining this incorrectly. CASEL is a piece of legislation with good intentions. It's meant to enhance Canada's economy and increase efficiencies by eliminating waste. That sounds great. So what the government has done is they passed a law that says if you send an electronic message to another person's account, you must have that person's consent before you send that message. Notice it doesn't say email, it says electronic communication. Notice it doesn't say email account, legislation reads to an account. As a result, it is so broad, so encompassing that it catches every aspect of your business. So for all of you entrepreneurs that are out there, say for instance you wanted to just send an email to a company soliciting their interest in having a meeting. Would that potentially violate CASEL? Potentially it could. There are some exceptions built into the statute, but if you think about it, that's a classic definition of spam, an unwanted, unsolicited email in your inbox. So yes, in most circumstances that would be spam and caught by CASEL. That terrifies me the most is that in addition to as an entrepreneur as being limited by the types of solicitations we can do and marketing that we can do, additionally we are responsible for all of our employees or anyone utilizing our email address with our company. So for instance if anyone in my team with an at investorintel.com sends an email to company B and they didn't want it, I can potentially be fined, is that correct? In many ways it's like environmental liability law. The person who actually affects the spill is liable, but so too can be the officers, the directors and the corporation that employs that person. I've read that both Porter Airlines and Rogers have both been fined I think $150,000 and $200,000. Can you tell us how or why they were fined? And this is what makes CASEL so scary. Porter Airlines was fined because its unsubscribe mechanism was hard to find and Porter could not prove that everyone on its email list had subscribed to the email list. Rogers was fined because the unsubscribe mechanism did not always work. So imagine you're sending an email. The law requires you to have an unsubscribe mechanism built into that email. It must work and it must work within 10 days and if not, you face a $200,000 fine minimum just like what happened to Rogers' communication. But the larger problem isn't the fine. The larger problem is the legal cost of dealing with it. It's easy to imagine that Rogers spent upwards of $2-3 million on in-house and external legals to deal with this problem. That's where many companies are going to get hammered. This reminds me of Sarbanes Oxley when it first came out and you know is there a CASEL911.com we can go to or Peter where do we go for help or is this just an effort by CASEL to employ all of our entire legal system? CASEL reminds me of the old joke about the elephant with six blind men feeling it. What an elephant feels like depends what part of the elephant you're grabbing. To the accountant's CASEL is one thing. To the lawyer's CASEL is something else. What are needed are business consultants who understand CASEL end-to-end and who can help companies find the right software solution for that company. That solution should be minimally invasive and foolproof. Well, of course we at Investor Intel are going to be having Peter update our audience regularly on some of maybe the solutions that we can utilize to safeguard ourselves. There are to date I've only found two companies out of the hundreds I've spoken to who are actually in CASEL compliance. The larger problem that people face is the CRTC recently had a warrant issued allowing it to go into someone's place of business and seize the email server with the assistance of the RCMP. Well Peter, thank you so much for joining us today to update us on what I deemed to be one of the harshest laws I've ever seen to basically restrict the entrepreneur. Thanks again. I hope you'll come back regularly to update us on this. Absolutely. CASEL is here to stay and everyone must deal with it.