Thank you for introducing our work to the public. My name is Sridhar Mani. I'm a researcher at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in Bronx, New York, and I have a laboratory that works and has expertise on the study of orphan nuclear receptors. We have an evolving story that I think might be of interest to the general scientific and non-scientific audience, and that stems from our work in 2000, which was published in 2014. So we work with a receptor, a specific orphan nuclear receptor called the Pregname X receptor. It's a X stands for xenobiotic. So it's a nuclear receptor, which is a protein that resides in the nucleus of a cell. And when bound to a xenobiotic, meaning a compound that is foreign to the body, that it activates and induces a program, a gene transcriptional program, a variety of genes that traditionally was ascribed to drug metabolism or xenobiotic metabolism. That was a paradigm. The gene was cloned by several groups and is still the paradigm. However, there are many other functions of the receptor that we have uncovered over the years and an enigmatic function of the receptors. What is it doing in both the liver where it's expressed and in the intestines where it's expressed when there is no xenobiotic? Is the receptor important at all? What's its physiologic function, so to speak? And a lot of work that led to a paper culminating in 2014 in immunity, we were able to show that with the loss of the receptor, and we obviously used mouse systems to show this, that in the intestines, there is an increase in the permeability, as well as gradual inflammation that takes place. So the receptor, as others have already shown, that the receptor had potential to abrogate or inhibit inflammation, that it makes sense that its loss in steady state in homeostasis in the physiologic state would also portend higher degrees of inflammation with age. So we got interested as to what and how this may happen and to break a long story. We were able to hone down on metabolites that were generated. These are breakdown products of agents that we consume in our diet, for example. So these were bacterial metabolites of those agents, a breakdown product of it, whether those products were actually serving as ligands that bound to our receptor. This would mean it would be an endobiotic, meaning it's not foreign to us. It's not a xenobiotic, but it's within us that we create these little ligands. And it made sense because bacteria that houses basically every orifice of our body, especially in the intestines, there are 100-fold more genes in bacteria. There's a lot more metabolic repertoire for bacteria to produce ligands which are free-floating in the intestine, and they have some place to go, either be absorbed or be secreted out of the body. So we felt that these metabolites that are formed in the intestines might be very good ligands if we could parse them out and show that indeed there are such ligands that exist for PXR in the gut or the intestine. And indeed we were able to show that certain bacteria that break down the metabolism of L-tryptophan to endopropionic acid is a metabolite of the breakdown of L-tryptophan in the gut by microbes. And that endopropionic acid indeed is a receptor or is a ligand for the receptor PXR. And we were able to show that indeed endopropionic acid has weak activity against other receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. So armed with this and the fact that the human receptor of the Pregnane X receptor, the human PXR as opposed to the mouse PXR was a little more complicated. You needed a combinatorial addition of ligands. So for example it had to bind to indole as well as endopropionic acid and there were other combinations which made more sense because in our body we are producing all these ligands simultaneously. So there's no reason to invoke only one ligand as binding to a receptor. There has to be its combinatorially presented to the cell which has the receptor of interest in our case PXR and in humans it would try to map the landscape really of what is there and if the right combination of ligands were present at the right concentrations it would then engage those ligands simultaneously. And we knew this also because the human Pregnane X receptor has a very large ligand binding pocket, much larger than most receptors, it's not all receptors cloned to date. So it has that promiscuity which acts in it probably in its favor in the intestine where it is sort of sensing what's going on all the time, what's being produced combinatorially and what it can bind combinatorially and that also gives it context specificity because at a particular point of time when these combinations are in the right mode mix it'll activate, when they're not it'll not active. So armed with this data we were able to model based on a variety of crystal structures that were already published by several other groups including Matt Redenbos group at the University of North Carolina who's really spearheaded the crystallization of this receptor initially and we were able to show that indeed that you could model these small molecule metabolites combinatorially on within the PXR ligand binding domain. And in fact that led to looking at the pharmacophore, the space by which these ligands come together within the ligand binding cavity as a means to see whether we could convert all this information pharmacologic information to a single molecule that would be synthesis of a single indolic derivative that would sort of have the same binding mode as the combination of these little indoles metabolites that are being formed in the intestine. So based on this and collaborations with other groups we were able to show that indeed it's possible and we developed from the paper that was published in 2014 a principle which we now call microbial metabolite mimicry. So this a twist on an old concept but it is a new concept because we've known for decades that microbial metabolites form by bacteria and this is particularly relevant to the gut but again as I'll say it's relevant to really any organ system skin, nears, eyes wherever bacteria in the host coexist there's going to be an exchange of these chemical compounds right. So in the intestine we were able to show that indeed there are a panoply of these metabolites and they probably have different receptor systems that they bind to but no one to this date had shown that you can actually effectively make a analogue of the metabolite that had increased potency as well as remarkable safety right because it was mirroring the parent metabolite there was very little chemical change made that would give it new liabilities the molecule new liabilities so there was very little of this that you could actually mimic the metabolite with a synthetic small molecule and get away with higher potency of effect and very little downside right very little side effect and side effect is important because these off targets they cause liabilities and clinical attrition in drug development. So it was a twist on an old concept yes because there are natural products that do this you know that's how we synthesize many of the molecules we know and use to date but this was a twist on a focus of the microbial metabolites per se that could it be done and hadn't been done it was an interesting proposal it's an obvious proposal but you know could it be done. So this year in April we published an embo molecular medicine which by the way was also featured on the cover page of the journal a metaphor of our concept that microbial metabolite mimicry actually can expand the chemical drug space repertoire and give you more opportunities to develop drugs that could potentially be more effective and safe and for that we used a variety of cell line systems and a clinical model of colitis to show that indeed we could get lead therapeutic hits that simulated what the metabolites did but with great potency and really had very little downside in terms of side effects. Now I want to caution the audience that this is just a proof of concept right it has a long way to go in there probably going to be liabilities as one develops other molecules for other metabolites and so on so forth and vice versa in our case because it's in its early stage they could certainly be liabilities as we go further and so what has to then combine some smart drug development approaches and use approaches of where these small molecule mimics could be used and that lead compound we called both fkk5 and fkk6 we focused on fkk6 just to show proof of concept I think we have to come full circle back in that we also have to recognize liabilities that may develop because we use in preclinical systems we often use rodents and it's not till a later phase that we use human material either tissues ex vivo or humanized sort of systems and so we are making a concerted effort right now to actually move this to humanized systems before we do much more in terms of admi pk docs and that kind of an approach which is more traditional to do and the reason we do that is to know whether you our data that we get from mice in any way could have any effect in humans and it's very interesting that we have now recent collaborations with exciting data which I'm not privileged to discuss at this present time but that these compounds could have considerable benefit using human systems but we need to vet that out completely so our focus really is on that to vet it out and to really understand okay what's happening there's going to be attrition in this conceptual development right not every metabolite is amenable to chemical derivation analog derivation all that stuff and it also depends on the chemistry and the chemistry has to be simple and has to be cheap there is little to add to biologics which have their own sort of expenses in making and so having another sort of chemical synthetic method that's very very expensive to create a drug that really will add to the cost of care down the road so we are also very conscious of that so any procedure that allows multiple chemical steps that are very hard to harness and very costly we try to avoid and so that's also put into the early pipeline in thinking as to what we would do so our paper actually validates we believe is the first validation of early proof of concept of microbial metabolite mimicry and we're pushing that as a conceptual advance there are many authors that have actually published in the same space in the same arena and this all goes towards that namely with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and other similar receptor systems and so you know it opens up the Pandora's box because as we discover more host microbial metabolites using state-of-art mass proteomic approaches we will or small molecule approaches we're going to find that these metabolites eventually will have some host target or targets and that would be very very interesting to delve down further into you see if any pairings the tablite receptor pairings could have a chemical space that one could take advantage of finally our focus also is on formulations discovery and pharmacology per se not all drugs can be consumed in one route you need to have some smart thinking as to what where its biggest payload would be in the case of our compounds we are considering local regional delivery particularly for rectal and distal intestinal inflammatory bowel disease but the applications are going to be much more broad as we start opening up different diseases for example with the compound and we know the compound has a very strong effect on barrier function if that's the case and that really is the case with with human systems then there is potential for use in diseases where these disrupted barrier systems accelerate the original pathology for example and liver disease of various sorts like non-alcoholic seato hepatitis there's evidence mounting evidence that the intestinal microbes are clearly potentiators of disease progression and there are numerous examples like that where you could then use this as a soft add-on approach to tackle those types of diseases the underlying principle is that long term use of these drugs do not have liability and that is the key discovery differentiator for our molecules versus you know the traditional drug discovery approaches where you certainly get hits but you just don't know what the liabilities are as you investigate them down the road so I am not announcing that we have Pandora's box opened and solved but what I am suggesting is that this is just another avenue to look at potential molecules in the chemical space that one wouldn't consider as being very attractive because the metabolite receptor interactions often are very weak and it's not of interest you know to most pharmaceutical industry or to academic researchers who are trying to get you know sort of the holy grail high interaction high specificity the other point I'd like to make is that on the flip side right one always likes in drug development to have stable compounds compounds that are metabolically stable in the body that they don't undergo breakdown or have any reactive groups that form you know as they break down and those are very very valid points but I would say that if one completely understands a metabolically labile compound that you might have some selective advantages for those compounds in certain situations and in our case again there's evolving data that our lead compound is metabolically can be broken down with a high metabolic efficiency by the liver and we are honing down on the enzyme systems that do that but the it'll be interesting as we go forward to see whether the formed metabolites off that small molecule are indeed inert and what happens to them that does give us a selective advantage because the rapid breakdown of the parental compound when applied systemically reduces the activation of PXI in the liver and other organ systems systemically thereby reducing any liabilities vis-a-vis drug-drug interactions because PXI as I mentioned is a key regulator master regulator really of drug metabolism so you don't want other drugs to be foiled by the addition of your drug because of this mechanism so in a way you know that metabolic liability gives us that selective advantage of not having to activate PXI systemically but activate it only in the region of interest which is in the intestines where we deliver it right so all these approaches are evolving approaches they're not confirmatory at the present time they're in early stages of development but these are all considerations that we have in place before we sort of launch to the next round of investigations thank you


Hervé, the floor is yours. Thank you. Thank you, Thierry, for having the Indo-Pacific as an issue again this year. And I'm just proposing to share a French point of view on the Indo-Pacific. France has its stance on the Indo-Pacific and actually has its stakes. French overseas territories in the Indo-Pacific and Indian Ocean. That's more than, if you get it roughly, it's about one and a half million inhabitants. More than that actually. And we boast of the second largest maritime domain in the world. The first one being the US. The French one is 10 million square kilometres. The US is 12. Actually the Australian one is nine and New Zealand is seven. So I wouldn't say New Zealand boasts as a major strategic power, although it has seven million. But the French, we do actually boast of our 10 million square kilometres in the Indo-Pacific mostly. At least. That's 10 million in the world, but most of it is in the Indo-Pacific. The first thing I would stress is that we did not necessarily define the concept of Indo-Pacific exactly the same way others do. I remember last year having some discussions about this and as probably most of you know, the Americans mostly have defined the Indo-Pacific in a more northern and eastern way than we've had. The French would insist actually that the Indo-Pacific is the Pacific but also the Indian Ocean. Actually, if I get it right, American organisation, particularly American military organisation, takes the word of Indo-Pacific but actually concentrates mostly on the Pacific and tends not to look very much on the Indian part of it, although it has basis in cooperation with the UK in the Indian Ocean. The second point is that the US look at it is mostly northern, although occurs in all this. And since our territories are mostly in the southern hemisphere, the French look on the Indo-Pacific is mostly southern. So there is a difference in concept, not only between France and the US, but between the US and some other countries. France defines itself as a balancing power in the region. We had a short discussion with Jean-Pierre this morning. The French term is puissance d'équilibre. We're not quite sure that balancing power is a very good translation and we're not quite sure the concept is exactly the same in French as it would be in English. But the French insist on puissance d'équilibre. We're not actually the only ones in the region, but the translation I propose to share with you is a balancing power. Well, I think Thierry would agree with you. This is a very nice phrase to have. So I propose we discuss on these two aspects actually balancing and power. France would boast of being an Indo-Pacific country through its doctrine and its influence. First, the doctrine in itself poses a status. Saying we're in Indo-Pacific power, however balancing power, does put us in a position of being amongst the major powers. Not quite the size of the US and China maybe, but a major power. This is important for us and obviously geography and history helps us defining us as that sort of power. We do understand we're not quite in the same position as the major powers in the region. Neither as the small Pacific Islands for example, thus the very convenient definition of a balancing power. The status is underlined as being a side beyond the antagonism between the US and China. This is French tradition of defining itself as a sort of third term power in many circumstances. But actually here stands the first difficulty in the fact that there are many balancing powers, small powers or medium sized powers in the region. The Pacific Islands would not acknowledge any sort of alignment with China or the US alternatively. Neither would Asian countries. Indonesia itself defines itself as a balancing power. What about India? Its size is considerable in the region, its economy not quite yet, but it does not acknowledge as far as I understand an alignment with neither with the US nor with China. So when we define our position as being particular as a balancing power, it's not that specific as it supposes it is. Actually the US themselves, being part of many forums and cooperation and dialogue schemes in the region, also play on that. I mean in some circumstances they're looking for some sort of alignment between powers, but in other circumstances understanding the subtlety of the positions of different countries, they play their role in different forums that do not necessarily require any form of alignment. Okay, you do have the quad, you have AUKUS, but the US also for example has organised what is called Partners in the Blue Pacific and this is a cooperation with the very many island countries you get in the midst of the Pacific that does not require any necessary alignment. Neither does actually the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework, the IPEF, which in a lower level comes to succeed the TPP retreat in 2017. So France in this frame particularly with the US is an ally with many reserves and in a way we pay the price to it. Obviously we're not in the quad, which is US, Japan, Australia and India. We're not in AUKUS and as you underlined in your introduction, AUKUS has to do with the way we lost a contract with Australia on nuclear submarines. And so the problem is that being a balancing power is a positive definition in itself, but it's also a negative definition in the way that it defines itself as participating in many forums that others share, but having decided not to participate in some of the important forums that are aligned to the US. Assertion, France actually has enhanced the assertion of Indo-Pacific as such. For example, we have been very much the driving force with the definition of a trade policy for European Union in the Indo-Pacific and for example we've simulated Europe's engagement in 2022 with a ministerial forum between Indo-Pacific countries and members of government from the European Union. Our assertion is not only about overall discussions and forums, it is an actual military presence, although we tend very often to present as military presence and military cooperation what is very often humanitarian presence and humanitarian cooperation military means being used for humanitarian missions, which is fair and useful, but you should not confuse both terms. We purport to have reality on the ground and at sea, France as an Indo-Pacific country through its presence and connections. The presence, as I was saying, several territories in the Indian Ocean and in the Pacific and more than one and a half million inhabitants. But one must remember that most of the connection from these territories, be it French Polynesia or Mayotte between Madagascar and Africa, most of the connections are with mainland France and obviously there is a deficit so far on regional connections. We may have no choice in the future actually. We remember the slides that were shown yesterday by the chairperson from the BCG presenting what everybody knows as the regionalization of globalization and this, for example, weakens the maritime routes on which we are very dependent. All the trade that's organized between Europe and the French territories in the Pacific depends on maritime routes that are extremely fragile today because they are reorganized understanding the evolution of globalization. So we have a direct strategic concern shared with our allies on the security of these routes as everybody understands in the Pacific but we have more direct interest in the fact that they obviously are changing today and this should stimulate us in turning to new opportunities in the region. There's a gap to bridge on our regard and connections on shared interest. There are political connections with all the forums we are member of and some, I mean, the many I could say are the South Pacific Community, the Pacific Commission, the Pacific Island Forum, the Indian Ocean Commission but there are some difficulties, for example, in articulating roles and positions and the fact that our local governments in all these regions and territories are frequently members of these different groupings and sometimes they yield real power influence and, for example, trade responsibility concerning the Pacific French territories is not the responsibility for national government but responsibility for local government and so these local governments actually have economic responsibility although today they mostly understand their Pacific role or Indo-Pacific role as a political one obviously underplaying their role in the economy. We need to build up more economic connections. Economies, as I was saying, are very much linked to Madeleine today but there are some realities. For example, I will be concluding. Let me cut you short. Yeah, sure. Some realities, for example, in oil supply to these territories coming from Singapore, for example, concerning Réunion, tourism as well which is very strong from Australia or Japan in New Caledonia or from the West Coast in the US to French Polynesia. We did not succeed in a role to be regional hubs which usually other territories have better succeeded than we did. This is history but France is taking a very prominent role in renewable energies, for example. Many companies in renewable energies in Australia or French companies, nowhere in a curve, for example, but they develop in the region not from our territories but they develop from Australian basis. And so obviously we have to reconcile tomorrow what is the political assertion we're on today and the economic developments we may succeed in the future. I've given you far more than seven minutes but thank you very much. You've flown the flag for France extremely well.


Good evening. I am Manish and I work for Autodesk. I work for Autodesk and today we are going to talk about how to optimize your S3 usage or how we can detect there is anomaly in your S3 usage and how we can save costs. So this is based on my experience with a previous startup. Even though I work for Autodesk, I do not work for AWS at Autodesk. I mean I do not use any of AWS services at Autodesk. So let us begin the agenda. So we will talk only three things here. We will talk what is S3 and what is the AWS building pattern and then we will see why do we need to understand how what is the S3 data transfer cost, why does it matters to us. And last is how do we have generate S3 analytics so that we can actually optimize the cost. So let us come to what is S3. So those who have not used S3 or those who do not know what S3 is, it stands for simple storage service. So basically you can actually dump all your files into the S3 storage and you can give access to your services to those files. So that said next coming to AWS billing. AWS billing actually generates monthly. So based on the usage like use S3 EC2 and other things based on that the AWS billing comes. So let me show you how actually AWS billing is. Billing looks like. So generally the AWS billing looks like something like this. So it gives you a breakup of all the different services that you have used and what is the costing for each of the services that you have consumed. And if you can see here my data transfer cost for this particular month is around $31. It is for the month of July 2017. So this particular service is basically consumed by a startup in US. They are having an e-learning platform. So where they have all the e-learning content over the AWS cloud. And what happens is they were deployed this for almost close to 5 years now and they used to get average monthly bill of around $200 to $250 within this range. So what happened suddenly in the month of August 2017 onwards the bill shot up to $600 almost 3 times. So if you can see the billing here the data transfer shot up to $377. It is almost from close to $31 it almost shot to $377. So that means it is almost like more than 20 times or 30 times. And if you see the billing breakup you see that there is a data transfer this particular cost. So this is almost close to 4 terabytes of the data has been transferred. Usually the data transfer is around 500 GB per month. But what happened from August 2017 onwards is shot up to 4 terabytes and the bill shot up exponentially. And we do not know what was actually causing this. During the month of August they deployed two of the new features. One is they moved their existing platform from flash based e-learning tool to HTML5 based tool. So what happened? And apart from that they added few more help videos into the platform. So they were not sure what was actually causing this shoot up in the S3 usage. And if you see the bill you really cannot figure out what is actually causing this. So that actually with that actually we now move to the next section next section. Why do we need to understand the S3 data transfer cost? So we need to understand like S3 has two different kinds of costing. One is the amount of storage space you use in S3 that actually co-costs you. And the amount of data transfer happens between your S3 and your client over is requesting the service. So that is also billed. So the first part you know you are using 1 GB of your S3 storage so you are billed this much. But the second part there is no clear break up how much of data transfer on which file is getting downloaded and why is it causing the spike in the this thing. So we really cannot pinpoint this is the particular file which is being downloaded by the users which is causing the spike in this billing. So now we need to see go to the next final step. How do we try to figure out who is the culprit file which is actually causing this all this spike in the cost. So if I come jump to the bill as I shown like there is no really detail even if you go to cost explorer or something you cannot really figure out what is actually causing this issue. So let me actually show that this is the application this is the e-learning platform they have and they have this they in the month of august they actually have this once you log in you can actually see this getting started screen. This is a very basic help they added some five videos to help you with the usage of the app and then they moved center platform from flash base to HTML5. Now this is what these are the two simple changes they did but they do not really do not know what was actually causing the issue. So one of the developers they said it might be because we moved from flash to HTML5 flash might be caching the videos and HTML5 is not caching the videos so it might be spiking up every time the user logs in he is actually seeing the videos afresh from the server. Then what we did was they contacted me they asked me whether it can help me out on this. So I tried to figure out what was the real thing which is actually causing this spike. So what I did I tried to google up and see what is the different options we have. So there is something called if you go to S3 we have something called so if you have a bucket so these are the various S3 bucket. So you have the bucket and you can actually enable analytics on that. You have something called server access logging you can by default this is switched off so you need to actually enable this. So once you enable this server access logging you can actually as a AWS S3 starts logging each and every request that is made to the S3. So you can actually the logs are kind of stored here since it creates a directory called logs and for each request it actually creates one simple text file. One text file for each request it will store the IP address and what is the time and how much data was all the different parameters of the request. But this actually does not make sense to anyone it is a very flat file nobody can actually figure out the make meaningful sense of this data. So what we what I try to do was I try to figure out probably maybe I can write a some kind of a small server script which actually can parse all this but then that also did not figure helped me out. So I thought maybe there might be some third party providers who can help me out with understanding this all this logs. So I googled up there are many third party small startups which are actually specifically meant to enable you to access parse this access logs and understand what is exactly happening. So one of the things the one of the tools that I used was it is called S3 stat. So AWS is actually enabling some of the different markets they do not they are not providing one service because of that there is a startup called S3 stat which is just providing only analytics for that. So you just sign up here once you sign up you actually can you need to actually sign up and you have to give access to your S3 database read write access to your S3 database. So what basically these guys do is they go and first also logs that S3 is generating and then they generate give you this nice beautiful report. So this is actually much better than understanding all those log files. So here I can actually see if you see this log there is only this four or five files which are actually causing all those data transfer. This is a very one file which is accessed almost 200,000 times and it is almost close to 900 GB almost close to 1 terabyte and that is costing 87 dollars. So close to only five files are the one which is actually causing all this spike in billing. So this with this you can actually now you know who is this real culprit which is a file which is actually to be blamed. Now that you know which is the file which is causing now from here on it is up to you how do you want to optimize. So one of the we had two options. So these were a high definition videos. So if you either you can reduce the video definition compress it maybe instead of high definition maybe you can go for 720p or what I did was since these were help files they were not of much importance I just moved all those files to YouTube and then I gave access I linked those YouTube videos here in the app. So instead of actually going through S3 I am actually pulling it from YouTube. So this very simple now YouTube will be built for all those everything. So it is very simple solution how the owner of the company is saved almost close to 300 to 400 dollars every month because of one simple change just moving from S3 to but this is not a practical solution I mean it all depends on the use case basis. In this particular use case it was very relevant I could afford to do this but maybe if you have really paid content so based on your use case at least you know you have data to take decisions if you have the data you can actually take decision if it really not possible I mean those videos are really paid content that you cannot put it in a public access then you cannot do anything that then you have to pay for that. So in my case it was a really simple solution at least I found out this five culprits put it on YouTube and YouTube was paying for the 400 dollars whatever. So with this we come to know that like how do we optimize S3 analytics so what I mean to say that you should always have analytics enabled especially I deployed a update to one of our software on the S3 and there was some error which made that S3 usage into petabytes and Amazon made very big money out of that. So maybe if you do a mistake you can it can ruin your business so S3 Amazon services are really good but you need to know what exactly you are you need to have data to your fingertips to take decisions. So if you have data you can take decisions and you can optimize your business according to that. So with that I think I end my talk. Any questions? Cloud friend basically this is a small startup so if we do not want to use too many of the services then it adds to the development cost who knows all those things. So they were using S3 already so they just wanted to dump it there and this is just four or five new additional help videos they could have that that. Maybe for a larger organization it actually makes sense okay you can hire a bunch of engineers one for cloud or cloud front other for S3 other for RDS and whatever yeah. This is a very you can see the billing it is 200 to 300 dollars it is not a big startup they are making quite small decent amount of money but yeah we have to be aware of all the cost and all those things. How about using reduced redundancy? Reduced redundancy like how? Okay so S3 has three storage yeah sorry S3 has for the better the group. S3 has three storage your standard and then you have infrequent access and very short but in between infrequent access and your standard what we call reduced redundancy. So you are losing one or two nines out of the availability of 11 nines so availability is still there but the cost is almost half almost near price. Yeah that actually there is also one of the option here in the two we are actually using US east north Virginia region only that I am not even using the global one I am just using one region even with that the cost was too high I mean that difference of 400 dollars actually may makes a big difference for a small startup. Sorry I correct myself because you were talking about transfer cost. Yeah yeah yeah. Any more questions? Yeah if the practical solution would be probably you will have to compress your video or enable HTML5 caching and HTML5 with the latest HTML5 there is also an option that you can actually store that video locally on the users machine so that if once it is downloaded the second time it does not have to go to the S3 server it has to directly take it from the user machine. Additionally you can enable the cloud front. So what it does this video is static contents so once the cloud formation cache it is always there so every time yeah. For internal organization compliance training Yes sir. It is from route 53 for example so it does not go to the cloud front and there it goes in house video with the out there. But route 53 can also directly route to the cloud front. Yeah it is an external error. We do not want to expose directly the videos inside the bucket so it has to go to the cloud front. Yeah so one option we had was using HTML5 had a very good caching option wherein you can actually download that video to the browser cache and keep it there alive and for a long time. Sir can I ask you can configure a street bucket as a private bucket but have cloud front pulled from that one so you are only exposing the cloud front end point not the S3 end point. And that will save your password calls as well because then the object will be capped to the edge locations then your user will just pull it out from the last point and from cloud front. Okay. There is no cost to enable analytics? Yeah analytics that server logging is free so it is just an option just to tick it and it starts logging. Again the cost would be like your logs keeps accumulating then your data storage space will be accumulated maybe that will be built but that will be very less it will be really less than a dollar. Okay thank you.


Hi guys. So today we're going to be taking a look at how to implement the add method for a custom array list. Now in our previous video, we talked about growing a custom array list. And just a reminder, our customer array list contains two fields, data, which is the array that holds our items, and n items, which is the counter that keeps track of how many items we have stored in data. We then utilized the isFull and the grow methods in order to grow our array list. But today we're going to be taking a look at how we can add items to our customer array list. And the first method we're going to take a look at is just this simple add method right here, which simply adds an item to the end of the list. So you can see it's a return type void. It just takes one parameter, the item to add. Obviously, we first check to see if the array list is full. And if so, we grow our list by calling the isFull and grow methods above. We then simply add our item to the end of the list and increase our n items counter by one. So that one's fairly straightforward. But this next add method here allows us to add an item to any index that we choose within our array list. So let's take a look at how this one works. So you can see it's got return type Boolean. It takes two parameters, idx, which is the index we're going to add our item to. And item to add, which is obviously the item we're going to be adding. So first of all, we have this check here, if idx is less than zero, or if idx is greater than n items, return false. And what this is doing is it's checking to make sure that we've passed a valid index into our method. And if our index is less than zero, or greater than n items, it's not valid. So we just return false and we don't add any items to our array list. Once again, we then of course check to make sure our array list is not full. And if it is, we grow it. Then here we have this for loop for int i equals n items minus one i is greater than or equal to idx i minus minus data i plus one equals data i. So what this for loop is doing in order to make space for our new item to be added to our list items from the end of the array down to idx need to be moved to the end of the array one by one. So basically what we're doing is one by one, we're taking data from i, and we're moving it to data i plus one in order to make space for our new item. Once we've done that, we're then going to add our new item to our chosen index, and then of course increase our counter by one, and return true to indicate that our method was successful. All right, so you can see here that I've created a new my array list object called R. I've then added three items consecutively to the list 10, 70, 20, and I've then called that second add method to add the number 90 to index one and the number 30 to index three. So I've added a couple break points here so we can take a look at what's going on if we run this in the debugger. And of course, we're starting the debug mode from this line right here. So if I open up our array data, you can see we've already added the first three items 10, 70, and 20. And data is of type double. So these numbers are represented as doubles 10.0, 70.0, 20.0. And when we initialize data in my array list, it is initially of size five. So the last two indexes of our array are just filled with the default double value 0.0. And n items, of course, equals three because we currently have three items in our list. All right, so if we step through to this method here, then you can see we're going to go up to our add method here. First, we're going to make sure we have a past a valid index one is a valid index. So it'll move to check if the array is full. It isn't so we're then going to go down to this for loop here. So starting at n items minus one, which is two, we're going to loop through. And now if we open our array up, you can see that data i plus one, so data three now contains data i the value inside data i, which is 20. So you can see that our list now looks like this. Now if we step through again to i equals one, and then we step through one more time, you can see now, once again, data i plus one, so data two has taken on the value of data i, which is 70. All right, so we've now finished the for loop, we're going to add our new item to our list. And our list now looks like this, we're going to increase an items by one, because we now have four items in our list, and items now equals four. And we're going to return true. And if we now go ahead and move on to the second array list, the second add method, sorry, we'll see the same thing happen. So our array list currently looks like, sir, we're going to again perform outchecks, move down to our for loop, go ahead and run this, we can see that data i plus one or data four has now taken on the value of data i, which is 20. We've finished the for loop. So we're going to go ahead and add our new item to index three. So we've added 32 index three, we'll increase an items by one, and we'll return true. And we can see our complete array list, customer array list looks like so.


Welcome. We're here today with Dr. Nakao, who's Associate Professor at the University of Tokyo. Welcome, Dr. Nakao. Hi. I was wondering if you could start by explaining to us that you coined this term deeply programmable networks. I was wondering if you could explain a little bit more about that and its relationship to software-defined networks. Okay. So, in short, the concept of deeply programmable network is an extension to the concept of SDN, the software-defined networking, and we came up with this term because we wanted to extend current SDN from just the programmability of the control plane to programmability of the data plane as well, because currently the purpose of current SDN is to automate things by a program of the control plane so that you can reduce the cost, especially the OPEX operational expense of the network. But sometimes we feel that that's limited in terms of programmability because we want to look at the data plane as well because we have lots of interesting problems happening in the current internet. And sometimes if you program data plane functionalities like caching and DPI and deep propaganda inspection, we can resolve a concertly arising problem more flexibly. So it's a lot about reducing complexity and making it easier for operators to implement new services. Can you explain why standardization is so important in this field? Of SDN or DPN. So SDN defines an API for control plane programmability. So if there's no standardization, everybody wants to develop their own API. So at some point we have a basic set of APIs so that many vendors can define, write a program that is using a basic set of APIs. But at the same time, what we are saying in the DPN deeply programmable network is that sometimes you want to define a proprietary set of APIs. So we can differentiate this basic set and a proprietary and programmability. Redefining these APIs is a very important one. And what role do you expect that ITU will play in this particular part, the standardization part? Okay, so SDN is in a great confusion right now because nobody has clearly defined SDN yet. So what we say today is that SDN decouples control plane and data plane and you can program control plane, but nothing more than that. And so standardization at ITUT I think has two roles here. So the first role here is that maybe we clarify this confusion around SDN. So we take lots of related area like SDN, network virtualization, network functions, virtualization and DPN. All the SDOs are working on defining and standardize these technologies. But there is no global picture of this related area. So maybe ITUT can take a lead on drawing this entire global picture to explain, okay, this area has this SDO has this scope and draw a map of related areas. That's the first role. And the second role is that nobody has ever defined this deeply programmable networking idea yet. So extending the control plane programmability into the data plane programmability. So all these missing PCs and defining the multiple isolated programming environments, that is also missing. So all these missing PCs from the current SDN field, maybe ITUT can attack that and try to define these technology areas. Well, we very much look forward to seeing how that work progresses. Thank you very much for coming to speak to us today. Thank you.


Am I live?  I'm on my iPhone Oh, can you hear me? You guys hear me? Give me a Hi or hello. Oh Well, everybody's saying hi. Okay, cool. Thanks Alex. Hey Jess. Hey everybody All right, so I don't know how long I'm gonna be on here But yeah, I'm gonna give it a few minutes let people come in join, you know, whatever just talk about everything so Anyway, anyways, like I've done a lot of thinking about this and I'm like like I just want to move past it because I know how the How the news and stuff like that works and you tube. I'm like I say something and there's more videos about and it just keeps Going prolonged and everything and I guess the first thing is like thanks everybody who's like had my back And you know sticking around I really really really really appreciate it Like you guys are some of the only reasons why my head's on straight along with my support group and friends And everything like that and like it's crazy. I get so many calls. I appreciate that I'm more or less doing this because it's just not sitting right with me that I have Subscribers who have been around for a really really long time and they're being affected by this, you know, like I You know, I've been on this platform for about a little over a year and Like really hustling for about a year now last year I had less than a thousand subscribers around this time I think right at a thousand around this time and like there's people who you know They've benefited from my mental health tips advice conversation education advocacy whatever you want to call it and there's some people who are just like upset about it and I'm like that doesn't sit well with me. So I want to come on here and address everything So So, yeah, but yeah, don't worry about me everybody like I just want to answer your questions I want to answer Every single thing I'm gonna do my best. This is a pretty big live stream right now So I'm gonna try to answer every single thing if you don't think it was a dress up real quick So I changed the title of my video about leaving the drawing entity I changed the title to To like the timestamp of where I talked about those DMS because I knew it was coming But I wanted to offer some more Clarity or whatever it is for everybody So, I don't know I guess I guess I'll just start there like that's the thing That's the thing. So that's the main thing so Like I I admit I could have handled it a Lot better message messaging and reaching out to the other drama channels, you know or the drama channels, right? Like I'm the type of guy like do you ever have that you have a guy in your friend group or a woman in your friend group Who just like copies the paste stuff and they send it to like five people like that's who I am and that's who I've always been All right, I am that idiot who will say something to one person and because I'm impatient and I save time I copy and paste it to other people right So when the Trisha pay this thing was going down, that's what I did like I Something that I've I've looked at with the YouTube community It really like bumps me out that everybody's so disconnected and not really friends or anything so I wanted to I Wanted to kind of like, you know reach out and make friends with people and stuff and like You know, although I don't consider myself a drama channel.  I was reaching out to these channels to To like kind of start a conversation like part of those is for the conversation like hey This is happening, you know, like let's talk about You know, let's talk about this. You know what I mean Okay, I'm okay. I'm a person of color I don't know if you know, that's something that I'll all dress right now Like I heard like I've been watching the drama videos on me So you'll have to answer ask questions, but I heard like somebody said something about me talking about people of color I am I am I'm half African-American. Okay? I'm half Sicilian half African-American. I've discussed this. So that is that's something that I don't understand So anyways and yeah, it's like me just being friendly inside and like people are saying lol Like that's me laughing at Trisha. That's not that's not my intention like some of you are taught to in BMS and You see me on Twitter like go look at my tweets like I put laughing emojis I put lol that's me lightening the mood That's just how I do it and I've I've been somebody who always feels more comfortable talking through text rather than voice And now I'm saying like okay Chris don't do that don't do that because that you know I'm finally understanding why people say don't do that because Things can be taken out of context and you know like like so my intention I Win what and who's fault is that is it mine? Is it there? You know like I'll take responsibility Like I guess like I like I understand like I look at it I'm like hmm.  That's what I do. I love watching comedy. I love watching comedians something else oh I guess too is Like somebody pulled up like Facebook post I made like years ago in 2013 like Yeah, I have a twisted dog sense of humor You know like that that's just who I am. That's just how I am and I'm one of those people who think comedians You know, I don't like I don't agree when people are getting Comedians I don't agree when comedians are being attacked and everything, but yeah, I think that's like the main thing I just wanted to talk about and just put all out that all out there about the DMs and at the end of the day like you you can believe them You can believe me at the end of the day.  Oh Thank you for the super chat If you want it needs to be relaxed That was T by Ali who use old Facebook posts. Yeah Yeah, well, okay, so Gn said sorry I'm trying to like go through here. Maybe I'll turn screen the other way Nope can't do that. All right, so Gn said we're so old out of that I like this ask you all to remember I got sober in 2012 and And and yeah, I've made plenty of videos about the awful person I used to be and Like I still don't I still don't really think like us, you know those like jerks that I posted That's just my sense of humor and a lot of you who have been watching my videos Just know I don't believe in outrage culture and getting offended by things like there's way more serious stuff going on Yeah, I think I'll leave it up. I love you Chris. Love you to Okay, if it's okay, how do I deal with possible bullying? Katsudo, how do you deal with possible bullying? I'm dealing with it right now. Oh Okay, so siren cove So, yeah, like I just I've been blocking people on Twitter just for my own sanity so And I don't like doing this like one of the reasons I didn't want to make this video is because I didn't want to like Talk about these other youtubers and stuff like that because that's not that's not what I I do That's not what I feel like that's something that I believe separates me from drama channels, but yeah, like I Will say this not specifically siren cove, but there are other people there are people who messaged me who reached out to me and I might have I might have messaged them. I don't remember But they were talking to me about the trisha pay the situation, right? they were talking to me about that and then I was talking to them and Something that kind of bothers me is I would ask them questions like for example, I never I knew I never was making a video about it And he was waiting weeks. Well, you guys all know how much content I put out So I was following up with people and asking them about it Just so I can kind of plan my content, right because as a youtuber I have to get ready for Okay, well, what kind of video is I never putting out? What kind of video is this person putting out about it? How should I strategize my content? You know, especially because I was trying to move away from some of the trisha pay stuff, you know and all that So, yeah Yeah, Jean it's not that deep Yeah, and and again like you know if I don't even know how to say that properly But any jokes that I had in the past I used to joke around a lot more like I apologize You know, I've tried that I tried to tame myself like a lot of people, you know a lot of people don't like my you know don't like I Don't know but like I've been around my friends and everything for like that for so long But again, like I understand how some people can get offended like here's the thing I'll always empathize with people who get offended for me for me And what I try to teach people is like I don't have time for that, you know Like I've experienced racism, you know, just for being half black and I choose Not to get offended like unless it really warrants it like I've had people because a lot of people don't realize I am and they've said some really nasty things about People of color around me and it really offends me and I Like as I'm growing like I'm still learning how to edit myself I think all I think and you can you know, I might be wrong, but I Like I haven't done it. Well, I haven't seen any of those videos. I haven't watched them. I've chosen not to But I believe all of those are from years ago All right Steph if you have anything asked I'm I'm sorry in front of this. Okay, so let me address this real quick, too So what I heard is that people are bringing up the fact that I don't answer questions unless you're a patreon Which is not true. I have over 800 videos on my channel And most of them are topics That you guys give me so I have over 800 channels on my 800 videos on my channel. Those are all free content Absolutely 100% free. Thanks Diana. I Will thank you. So I have over 800 Videos on my channel answering questions over 800 And I have a hundred thousand subscribers now like could you imagine if I just said hey, I'm gonna answer everybody's questions It's fiddly impossible. So You know As a as a youtuber as somebody who's trying to do this thing full-time, you know Which I have successfully patreon is one of the things and patreon I actually give access to the Q&A to Everybody so even if you're signed up for a dollar I do it for everybody and I try to balance out my my patreon by doing giveaways and things like that when I donated a hundred dollars to The Gosh, I can't remember at Taylor when she was doing that that we just did it I did my makeup and stuff like I use some of that the my earnings, right to do giveaways and donate to that That organization and I'm doing monthly charity live streams and So I I try to I try to give back more than I take and that's another reason why I make so much content So I can cover as many topics for all of everybody As I can one of the reasons I started my YouTube channel was because I knew that a lot of people Couldn't afford therapy. They couldn't afford therapy. They couldn't afford going to treatment and like I started my channel So I can provide free content to people But at the end of the day, you know, I have bills to pay and things like that So I'm like like I don't care about my like I don't care you guys. I lived in the hood for the last Five years like the last five years like Tristan and I moved into a new apartment in a safer neighborhood Like I'm not living large or anything and The other thing is too like when people say You know, oh, he's only doing this for money You have to be a patron to pay for stuff like I would challenge them to show me any other youtuber Any other youtuber who put who hosts and shouts out as many small creators as I do just this morning I had Jason from these four walls on my less than a thousand subscribers, right when I was gone in Los Angeles a couple weeks ago That entire time I had guest videos from smaller channels like if I was the terrible clout chasing Person that I was thanks GM I'll play the video coming soon Like if I was the terrible clout chasing trying to get views person that I am Why would I promote so many other channels? Like why would I like that's I like I'm honestly asking like if any of you can tell me like how How that can be Construed a selfish like I I made it a point that when my channel got big I wanted to give a platform to smaller creators because I know as a smaller creator It was so hard to grow on YouTube and because of the algorithm. I Had to do what I could do to grow but like K knows this bipolar pug because we've been talking about this forever Like she's known me since I had like a thousand subscribers Like basically hold her and our other friends like when I get bigger I'm gonna host all of you guys because I want everybody to know about more mental channels You know what I mean? So like that's what I'm doing I'm holding up to my my my promise that I made everybody I'm putting on a lot of mental health channels And if you go watch the video that I did over on psych IRL's channel I gave her an entire list an entire list to put her in the Or to put smaller channels in the description of all the ones I recommend and I put a bunch that I could remember when I sent her an email Yeah Jasmine so Jasmine asked okay, this is a good question Jasmine Why were you charging $100 for a course when you weren't licensed and now it's suddenly free? Please answer. I know others are curious about this. So I started YouTube backwards, right? I'm the type of person where I don't like working for other people and I always wanted to work Myself so I actually made that course before I even started my YouTube channel And it's something that I was teaching in a treatment center that costs $30,000 They paid me I was paid to teach that course So I put that up online and then I put it up there and I'm like seeing like I'm like, okay Nobody's signing up. So hmm, right? So I was like, okay. I need an audience first So I built up my YouTube channel and all that and then I just kind of focus on YouTube And I forgot about that that course and it's kind of answered in the video I mentioned where the course was free I totally forgot about that course because I never sell it a lot of people didn't even know about it Right. So I gave it away for free. Now. Why was I charging when I'm unlicensed? That's something that so many people do like if you're familiar with online courses Like I take a bunch of online courses, right? Like go to Skillshare. Have any of you used Skillshare?  They're professionals who have worked in it industry whether it's to geography or river and they're sharing their skill with somebody okay, like well that stuff that you could just learn for free. It's like not for free like I bought books and everything but I Was charging people for all of the knowledge that I've gained and the time I've spent Educating myself, right? So I even put up a screenshot In that video about how I've made zero dollars from that in the last year, right? I think it goes back even further. I just did the last year. So yeah, like it's very very very very common like it is extremely common and One like I don't know why people are so concerned about how other people make their money You know what I mean? Like that's just something I just never really seen, you know Like when people sell merch or they do that or whatever like I'm just Doing my thing. I hate when people ask you questions that you all have addressed in videos Yeah, Jude Mom and dad got a cover Luana's in here. Oh another super check I appreciate this for to everything via live. Oh, I'm gonna say something. So it feels more organic But at some point don't stop feet patrols. Yeah, Amber That's the one of the reasons I don't want to do this because it's just gonna give people more stuff But I like I said like this morning like one of the subscribers that's been with me forever like messaged me and I was like and I saw something in a Facebook group and that bugs me that bugs me like like I Can you know manage all this stuff, you know, I have my tools in place But for other people who are just like, oh my god is everything I learned and you never like At the end of the day You don't care if people love me or hate me like my goal is to help people right whether people want to say No, you're just trying to get views you're trying to get money. That's cool People are gonna say what they're gonna say But my goal is to help people and the fact that I get so many comments of people saying like oh Chris Thank you so much. I went to therapy because you know because you kept recommending it, you know or hey Chris I went to a 12-step meeting.  I started meditating, you know all of these things like that's why I do it Those people who were affected like who had positive impacts on their lives like that's who this video is for You know what I mean? And other channels if they want to make stuff on it or whatever that's totally cool If you guys have any questions Go for it. I have about I don't know a little bit of time My flight got delayed. I don't think that for all the good you do. Hold on. This is Kyle Tbh, I don't think that for all the good you do for other people such as bipolar pug and the growth of not only hers But other channels as well as apps, etc. That is fair to have have to apologize pal. Yeah I don't really look at this as an apology like Like like I like I said, I admit my fault and the way I messaged them and that was just purely out of ignorance like I've only been on this platform for a year and it's something I talk about a lot of videos people having like mental breakdowns see that's But anyways, that's something I'm dealing with now. I'm learning. I'm growing and everything. That's why I have a therapist So Rachel Sarah, did you see talk on this criticism on your so that's another thing Jan like this is nothing against you Rachel nothing against you personally, but Jan just said it like Yes, I saw it. I left a comment on his video like that's like You know a lot of things that come out You know it's like because I've had people say why don't you answer Todd guande? I'm like I did You know just because you know and I get it. I get it trust me I totally empathize because I have so much stuff going on 800 videos like you can't You can't do that. Okay, so Hannah says better help as a scam. Okay, so let's address that I use better help. I have a licensed therapist I made a whole video about this the better help scam thing was a conspiracy now listen If anybody were to try to take better help to court, okay, let's say this like let's just get logical real quick if Better help wanted to sue People for calling them a scam Like they could and they would probably win because you can't just go around calling places a scam With no physical proof or no evidence.  So here's the thing. I have a therapist through better help. Oh Look, look at that Megan Fitzpatrick like I don't get it Everybody neglects all of the people using better help and saying like what are you talking about right like I use better Help I have a better help therapist. My therapist is through better help and she's fully licensed It is on the Nevada State Board of Therapists her license her name matches up my girlfriend has a therapist who from better help if she meets with person So like you guys don't like you can't just because you feel something is a scam Doesn't mean that it's a scam right for example.  Gas companies are charging. You know what I like.  There's my response about the the better help thing So, yeah, okay, so somebody else has a psychologist or who works for them Make the rest of the plane. So yeah, my phone is dying too Sammy Joe. Yes, better help is ethical That's why licensed therapies are on better help therapists are on better help because it's 2019 people shifting to online therapy. It's completely ethical So, yeah, and that's the other thing scam ethics Like a lot of people use the word scam fraud ethics and things like that without fully Understanding like what any of those things are and again thing like you One thing that we have stopped doing is just making up our own definite our our feeling or not definition of something like there are so many people Who don't understand the mental health industry at all at all, but they talk as though they're experts on it Hell, I'm not even an expert on it, but I worked in the field. I've worked in the field for the last three You know, believe people who have never worked in the field or not, right? Dollar In you for a while and I'm in recovery You're not a want to be therapist monster raises or one to do anything for views. Thank you, Jayden Yeah, and the last thing I'll say is the only reason I do anything for views is because I want to grow my channel I talked this about my therapist Not about my therapist to my therapist yesterday and I was explaining to her why I started my channel Why I want to grow why I want to do this all these other things like why I want to do this, right? It's to reach as many people as possible.  Like I did what I had to do to get my message out there Um Roberto Blake. Oh, hey Roberto. I got into the calm app because of your video would love more views on apps like that If you need even one person if you help even one person, which nobody brings up That should mean something Tony Robbins didn't get certified by he saved my life. Yeah, thank you Roberto Thank you for that. And yeah, I plan on doing like with this shift in content By the way, the last thing I'm gonna address to I can say the last thing I'm gonna address My phone's gonna die any minute now. I'm still making videos about youtubers. Okay, you hear that? I'm still making videos about youtubers I said in my view my rule of thumb is is if the drama channels are covering it Then I am not touching it. Okay, unless there is a very very good reason. Okay So so yeah, and yeah at the end of the day, I'm here to help people I am gonna be okay because I know I have helped people And that's the end of the day, right?  Why the drama explain, please Diana Diana that's a long video Diana my my buddy Ryan from Crimson Studios is releasing a video this weekend He'll be talking a lot about it, but just a quick rundown Little TLVR for you People say I'm not licensed. I shouldn't be talking about mental health People talk about you know DMs that I sent to others having conversations with them trying to spark a conversation Trying to get them. Yes, trying to get them to make videos about serious subject about her lashing out on me and saying things about addicts and all that and Yeah, I probably went about that the wrong way, you know, and it's that's just really deep But I'm learning and growing too like something I'm learning here And I'm not here to fault the other channels or creator like I could be really careful about who I talked to You know, I I was very Optimistic and ignorant right like just like oh everybody in the YouTube community is all friendly and buddy And you know what I mean and like I was an idiot, you know like Oh Really, I'm sorry my phone but It's kind of like one of those movies, you know We're like somebody's like been like kind of time capsule forever and they come out and they just like are super optimistic and think everybody's like Friendly and nice and like they think everybody has the best intentions. Like that's kind of how I was like I was telling Tristan last night. I was like, what would I say? What would I say to somebody who's going through my exact situation, and you know what I would tell a really surprised You know what I mean? Like that's just the way it is. It I will say this it bumps me out because I've always prided myself Hey, Roberta I've always pride myself in talking with my audience and being very connected and Talking in DMs talking in emails and everything like that But now I have to be a lot more careful I have to be so so so much more careful about that Like because I never know what somebody's going to take in a certain way or whatever.  It's it really sucks you know what I mean because Like I said, like I understand what people are saying about, you know, the the DMs I sent out but like That's not what I intended, but they're taking it in a different way and I'm like, oh, okay So I might just have to stick to phone calls and whatever and even that can be recorded. It's just like So cleansed and I think all of you for some reason I'm not seeing your chats anymore. Hopefully I'm still on the online but anyways like I Already stole the drama channels with the oh Thanks, Diana. I blocked all so Tristan I blocked all the drama channels so we can't even see them on our feed and Like all that's left on our YouTube is like fun stuff and funny things and it's just like it's nice And it's gonna make my content a lot better Just focusing on more positive things and again, I'm still gonna make videos on youtubers like doctor Dr. Mike made an amazing video yesterday about ketamine for depression and I've been meaning to make a video about that for a long time So I still am going to talk about youtubers GM. Make sure everybody knows that it's just I'm not gonna talk about the same YouTubers that drama channels talk about Just so I can stay out of that community.  I'm not seeing your messages anymore. So let me try to move to another area. I Love all of you. I appreciate all of you And I'm trying to read your messages because they're just popping up sporadically. I'm at the airport in Dallas So anyways, I'm going to play let no, I'm at the airport. I'm going to playlist live about to head out to Orlando All right, but yeah, anyways, this is the last time I'm gonna be talking about all this stuff And I hope I answered everybody's questions I love you all I will try to fly safe and go watch the video that Jason did on my channel And I'm still gonna keep trying to promote small creators and I'm gonna keep doing charity live streams I'm gonna keep trying to help more people, you know I'm not going anywhere. Well, I'm going somewhere right now, but I'm not going anywhere anywhere, you know I thank you all again for your love and support and everything like that and sticking by and I'll talk to you guys


Now, first of all, your tour is still in development and your feedback is important. Thank you for support it, ugh. Anyway, hello! That is Chinese! Don't even have Japanese. Ugh, all the new dinosaur games are doing Japanese. Calibrate system recommended. No! Oh, oh no. Oh. Okay, hello. You're scary. Fossil fuel demo. So, we not too long ago played fossil fuel. Well, actually, I was stuck two years. But we not too long ago played the DLC, which had like the man raptor or whatever. A man raptor! A man raptor! No! Don't! Bad man raptor! And now, they've released fossil fuel to the demo! I don't know why, too. So let's just do a new game.   You get unlimited lives or saves. Yeah, you want to be a balanced player and play the game the way it's meant to be played. Brutal! This ain't your first rodeo. I'm always limited and enemies buffed. And back!  But you know what will play me and find whatever the way it was meant to be. 7am, July 23rd, 2028. Oh my god, that's not far away. Two miles east of the Alitian Islands. Alitian? Alson? Oh, here we are, guys. Fossil fuel, too. Oh, we're on a boat! Mission briefing. Return to Sierra. Operator, Sierra PMC Alpha. Operational timeline. Departure, July 20th. Sitkin? Island? Arrival? Okay. Objective. Investigate Sierra Research Institute. Recover Sierra Source Code. Expect first-hand confirmation of lab-made creatures. Use extreme caution.  The dinosaurs were in the first game. And they're also going to probably encounter them. Oh, so is that where it is? Oh, the Bering Sea. It was in Russia somewhere, is it? I think that's where the Bering Sea is. Sierra Game Warden tells all. Don't tell the mainstream media. Cover up the facts about what's really going on in your backyard. All this stuff. Sierra wins in court. US regulators have been kept at bay by Sierra lobbyists in Washington. And then, what was that? Like a Megalodon. T-Rex in a rain. In the rain. And third fishing boat missing near Sitkin Island. Oh my God. What's this? I can't crouch. No shooting into the ocean. Keep your guns locked up. I'm assuming we're going to see a big Megalodon then, are we? No. Oh, look at- Oh wow, look at this. Oh, it's a bit loud out here. Shoot into the ocean. Oh my God, we have a Megalodon. Well, that makes sense. No shooting into the ocean. Where's the gun? Where's all the guns? We're in for a treat here. Watch out, watch out. He didn't John Cena it. That's a bugger. Well, at least he didn't, you know- Oh, still doing a WNS for up and down. He didn't, you know, bleed much. Got instantly smushed. There's worse ways to go. Like, imagine a giant Megalodon just jumping and like attacking the ship. That would be crazy if that happened. Oh my God, it hit the ship. What's happening? The shaky? Did it nudge anything? Oh, oh, that's it. Okay, cool. It nudged the ship. Oh, no. I think so. Where are you? Oh, there you are. Oh my God. Oh, thank God- Oh, fossil hill. Well, thank God it's not going to go for me. I hope. Look at that. Look at that fondant color. That is amazing. What is this graffiti font? Maroon by the shipwreck you know face the terror of Sierra Research Institute. Alone. Is he going to say alone? Can I call him alone? Alone. Oh my God. They are some amazing 3D textures. Oh. Whoa. Oh. I'm alive. I survived. But there it is. No. The ship. Submarine. Investigate. This vessel is a total wreck. Maybe others have made it to the shore. Oh. Can I get on here? Oh my God. Oh. What the hell's happened? That wasn't a Megalodon. That was a Ducalostus. You are extinct. Yeah. Didn't know that was going to happen. I didn't know. Did it fall in? I thought it was going on the rock there. But hey ho. I was just kind of looking at this. Like the water physics have just loaded in. And then they sort of don't know what to do. They made some sort of weird whirlpool here.  We've got dragged in. E-examined object. A pipe made into a weapon. Does twice the melee damage versus a gun melee attacks. Ooh. I thought it was a telescope to be fair. But you know, I'll take that. Oh yes. I mean, I thought we'd stab it. But I guess that will work too. It looks like survivors have stacked up cargo that washed up the shore. Can I not chop it? Okay. What is this? Ooh, what is this? A camera that can take pictures to end points. Accumulating up points to unlock achievement batteries. Or achievements. Battery must be at least 30% to use. Taking pictures earns you points. Icons of interest are revealed. When the camera is equipped, the demo does not include a... Photo record. Our secondary mission is to take photos and document the encounters at Seattle Research Institute. Sturdy digital cameras have been distributed to the squad leaders. Images of living dinosaurs will get more credit than dead ones. We also want to document equipment assets. Take as many photos as you need. Cameras have rechargeable batteries. Lieutenant Maximus, not Elon Musk. It is alive. Oh, that's so funny. We need to take a picture of the things. Sweet. I'm this one. Good. Thank you, Professor Oak. I did brilliant. Off we go. Oh my god, I'm wobbly. Jesus. Am I drunk? These old chains can probably be broken. Look around for something to use. Yeah, there you go. See? Amazing. Anything with the camera here? Oh, I don't know. What is this? Enter Sierra Base. Examine and interact. You do not have the needed valve. We've got to go find the valve then. Right. Am I like a... I'm a mercenary. I'm an operative. Okay. It's got to be green, so yes. All right, so I've got one more. So I just need to rotate this like once, right? Like that. Whee! Woo-hoo! Oh, careful. All right. There we go. Interact. Jesus Christ! Just like that, I didn't even really do anything. Can I look at my inventory as a tab? Yeah, okay, hold on. I need to use the camera again. Yes. Yes. Photos. I love photos, me. Yes. Whoa. Spooky. Oh, who's down here? Oh, I recognize this. Those weird raptors were here. Explore. That's not helping me at all. Silo. Oh, wow. They designed this place amazingly well. There is water on the other side of this watertight door. Maybe it can be drained. Oh, okay. Would be cool if I just opened it and I just could drown straight away. We're like... Is that a museum? Do you have a museum here? Steam control room. USB sticks are used to save progress on laptops. Oh, I have a USB. Thank you. Used to save the game on laptops. Each use comes with three saves. So use wisely. Okay. We now have no way of escaping. Power has been out for days. There are three pressure valves that can drain this section of the base. But they are now underwater in the silo. Someone can hold their breath long enough. They can reach them by swimming. Sierra engineer. Taylor. I mean, I don't... I don't think I need a save at the moment. He'd hide? Why did it make a squeak? Oh, it doesn't do it anymore. Okay. It's the first time we get a squeak. All right. Okay. Oh, well, that's fun, isn't it? There's a raptor round the corner. I don't have a sprint bar or anything yet. Wait, is there valves? Is there going to jump out at me? Trapped raptor. I might as well lock a raptor in the steam access hall. We barricaded the way so it can't escape. Steam pressure control valve is locked in there with it, unfortunately. We had this last time, though. I just played the DLC. Oh, wait, I didn't mean to do that. Well, I need the steam control. Yeah, I've done that. The raptor. The raptor. Wait, what? There's multiple ways? Oh, that's interesting. Follow the claw marks. Where's the claw? I'm assuming we'll get like a cutscene before the raptor decides to attack us, maybe. Oh, no. The fan. Okay, we have a vent. Cool. So he's going to be round here, then. He's going to go... Is he going to go... Round the corner, go... Wait, is that him? Is it sleeping? Oh, bless. I can't even crouch. Oh, oh, no. Utah raptor. A specific type of raptor. Sneak past sleeping enemies, crouch. Cool. Yes, doesn't make noise with the light. Oh, oh, oh. I can only go straight, can't I? See, last time I played this game, you couldn't hide in the lockers. Or like the DLC.  I think only once it worked. Oh, look, a steam pressure valve. Sweet. Oh, no. Did the raptor wake up because it hurt the steam? Oh, wait, no. Oh, there we go. This is good. I like this. We're getting like resonable cutscenes. Like, oh, you got to see what you've just done. Water valve. We're drained silo. Okay. Well, now I just need to walk past again, I suppose. Or will it be disappeared? Ah, it's still there. Thank God. It's a sleepybo peepee. I like how it makes snoring sound effects. It's like a little cat. Right, so I have that to hide. Oh, God. Hide. Oh, I mean, I'm assuming that that was the raptor. I can't see anything. Do I go out? Do I get attacked by it? Oh, here it comes. Yeah, there we go. Did you come round in circles, dude? I have a map, right? Yeah, okay. So I just need to like come out, go to the right. But I don't understand. He went this way and it sounds like he's back over here. So I'm not exactly sure how that's working. All right. Wait, what? Did it come back this way? Like in literally, did it go through the fan again? Is it just doing this cycle? Maybe it is. Maybe it is. I mean, this is it, right? And then we just go through here and we're done. Well, that was easy.  It's going to be like... I mean, we have a vent here. So that's interesting. Well, you know what? It may as well save. Save to slot one. Woohoo. Cash money. Let's go. Let's go. All right. So now what? Oh, I turned this off, didn't I?  Find a way to turn it off. Let's open the door. Whoa. What's going on here? Why? This museum. Wait, what? Drain solo? What? What happened? What? Oh, is this the last of us?  Science finds a way. Spinosaurus. Okay. Oh, right. What is it? Like Donkey Kong country? What is this? Why is the font over there? Looks so naff on the wall. Why is there a dead doodoo soldier? No.  Well, you know what we must do, guys? Wonderful. A powerful short range radio that can penetrate the concrete walls of Sierra. Jack, he survives. The mission is still on. Find the Sierra source code hard drives. Keep your eyes open. I don't want any surprises. Find the Sierra source code and enter the elevator. Okay. Oh, I can actually examine this. Stegosaur bone. A fossil on display. You can do nothing with this. Cool. Wait, do all of these? Stegosaurus bone. Looks exactly like the Stegosaurus bone. This one. Delofosaurus bone. Uh-huh. Spinosaurus. What's this one? Triceratops bone. Do I have unlimited sprint? I don't like that I wobble like this. Have I got a gimp leg? What's happening? Control room. Access room. What's over here? What? What? What just happened? I was in it. There was no way of me knowing that that was going to turn into like a cut-suit.  Nuts. Oh, wow. Oh, wow. You could take pictures of everything. Hey, look. It's topolopolis. And it's a T-rex. And it's another T-rex. Oh, I should take a picture of that wrap that was alive that was sleeping. Silly me. I'm leaving. This is boring. So it wants me to hold my breath long enough, right? Okay. Well, I guess here I go. Let's try not to get eaten by anglerfish again. Okay. Yeah. Uh-huh. I know that. Yes. Yes. We'll go down here. So stay away from the lights is what I've learned. Although not all the lights are bad lights because these ones are fine. Okay. I could see an anglerfish there waiting. So that's just death.  Gotcha. Gotcha. Unfair death. I like it. Oh, it's all drained. So am I going to be standing there? Will I see the little anglerfish flop around? Please? Yes. Anglerfish. Are you dead? Oh, no. No. Well, you know what we need to do. It might not be a dinosaur, but I can't even take a picture of it. Damn it. One more save to do. Yep. There we go. So does that mean I've used that? Yeah, I've got one more. One more save. Cool, cool, cool. I don't know what this is, but I just don't want to do that all again. Flip system. Oh. Okay. Flip the system breakers. Right. Where are the breakers at? Enhanced learning optimization network. The base AI has gone rogue following the power loss and activation of the back of generators. Elon. Are we still? This is such a bad joke. Has adapted a blood thirsty protocol. Fiercely safe garden escape. Escaped assets regardless of the consequences. Although I have managed to deactivate it. Now half of our systems are non-functional. Restart Elon at your own risk. Well, it wants me to. So, you know, I ain't got no choice. Breaker box. I guess I'll do it. Flip this switch. Yay. Now it's going to let a raptor in. I'm assuming. But it's trying to protect the assets. Oh God. If it's Elon's floating face. It's such a bad joke. It's not even funny. Guys cringe. Is it going to be like, hello again? It's me. Hello. Wow. That's your security code for this place? Was literally that? Oh, hello. Good evening, doctor. Oh, I see you're not the doctor. Hello. It would appear that we have catastrophic containment breach and flooding in all levels. Implementing additional lockdown measures. I'm sorry, intruder. But I cannot allow you to leave. I like how we had, you know, him breathing. Like he was a voice actor or something. Rather than a robot. Oh, no. I guess I'll, I'm in here forever now. Thank God a door to escape is open. No, that's nice of him. Yeah. I don't even know where that door was. It's not behind me, I'm assuming. Storage. Why am I so short? Bio access. Storage is locked. Okay. I guess I've got a bar. Is it called bio access? Yes. Ooh, bio. Right. Oh, is this open? This new? Ooh, blue door. Oh, up. No. This is interesting, isn't it? Oh my goodness. It's a velociraptors. We'll have to see where he came from, though. He just ate somebody. His helmet fell off. And he's covered in pixels. No. Okay, I guess I'll take this. Cool. Right. Can I equip it? Sure. Cool. Ready? Fire at will. Got it? Wow, I have loads of bullets to this. Next run. Come on, bro. Move, move, move, move. Move, move, move. Go, go, go. Where's the next one? Where is it? I didn't see it. Right, there you go. Well, that was easy. I guess I want to go this way. I have a gun now. It's calling for help. Go, go, go. Where's this one called? Fire engineer clearance. Oh. And I flew through the thing. Shooting this might open the way. Yeah, don't say. I could have maybe guessed. Like, oh, maybe I could get that shot. You know. Woop, woop, woop, woop. Got to reload that one bullet. Oh, is there more? There's more. But wait, there's more. More. Should be clear, boys. Bioengineering clearance. Alt to melee. Alt. Whoa. My God, am I strong? Jesus. Oh, he's good. Like I said. You are in possession of Sierra proprietary property. Yes. I am therefore forced to take action. You see one of our research subjects. The prototype variant of our Homo erectus rex. This mutant is not only strong, but poisonous as well. This variant is codenamed Goliath. He will hunt you no matter where you go. Good luck, intruder. Well, that was nice of him to tell me. I don't know where he went. I'm trying to run this way. Let's get whatever these are. Wands acquired enables you to bypass basic doors. That's handy, isn't it? Right, where is he? Go then. Mr. Biomass. Whatever you're called. Cedar Crouch. Yeah. Surely you can't get me in here. It's a safe room. So I'll turn my light off. Jesus. Uh, quickly heal. Ooh, I'll collect that. Also got anything in here? Items and storage. Eh. I don't have enough really. I feel like I need to drop anything. Safe room. I've set up several safe rooms around the base to wait for help to arrive. These rooms are inaccessible to dinosaurs. Starvation is my current adversary. I hope assistance comes soon. Philip Sierra, janitorial services. Ooh, wait, what? Sierra Tactical Shotgun. An advanced tactical shotgun. This weapon can toggle cut shells to adjust spread and also be loaded with flame rounds. Uh, cut shells. The Sierra Tactical Shotgun has a secondary mode where two blades cut the shotgun shell. Cut shotgun shells have a very tight spread acting as a slug. Uh, is that more powerful? What was this one? Magnum shells. Upgrade your current shotgun ammo with flame rounds from your inventory. Flame rounds can catch target on fire and do big time damage.  Uh, okay. Magnum shotgun shells. Incendiaries, right? Uh, where's alt? I'll take that. Uh, incendiary effect rounds for the shotgun replaces current ammo in the gun. So I need to select that when I need it. Okay, so if I'm facing something that's big time damages, oh, another one. Hell yeah. You know, apart from the cheesiness and the sound effects that are awful, it's not looking too bad, really. I don't mind this. I mean, yes, it's not very original. You've taken from everything like, what's this? The thing from Resident Evil? The Terminator thing? Ah, I don't know what they're called. Tyrants, that's it.  Oh, and another one. Apparently a lot of them. Well, that was quick.  He's gonna go and run towards him. That'll do. Oh, they're different numbers. Oh, I didn't realize that. Oh, I should have taken pictures. Damn it. Next time. Next time, it'll be flawless. They just, they run too quickly. You know, I can't pull out my camera and go straight back to four without taking damage, probably. So where do I go? Oh, the elevator. That was, I've got the mainframe now. I'm clicking all the buttons and nothing's happening. He doesn't seem to do anything. Uh...  What? Oh, that worked? Why did that work that time? I literally did nothing. God damn. Meh. What's this way? Oh my God, it's the thing. Utah Raptor, 140 points. Headshot. Wait, did...  Did I just kill it? Did I just kill it when it was sleeping with a headshot? Oh, it could open doors? Oh, well that's not cool. I killed that last one with one headshot. And I even shot it and then it was like, my friends died, but I'm okay with that. I don't care.  I just died. Oh, what? It vanished. It vanished. Should I, what's my shotgun then? Can I assign my shotgun? Use. Okay, so I've got one, two, four, and shotgun is separate though. I can't combine. I can't put that on a hotkey. Guess I'll just use the shotgun. Oh. Was that supposed to wake up the raptors?  I like how they can open doors though. That's cool. Right, one. Bah! Bah! Bah bah bah. There you go. Woo! Where are you? Where are you? Bah bah bah bah bah. That hell's, antidote remedy for, oh, so we're gonna be facing the, the wajima call it soon then, are we? I mean, what I'll do when I face up against him, I'll switch to incendiary rounds I suppose. Right, so I guess I'll go this way this time. If. Underwater observation room. Oh my God, are we going to see the megalodon? We're going to see it. What's this? Notice, probable, sorry, portal control valve. Let's have a look. What's in the water? Oh my God, it's stretching. Ah! I'm in the water now. Don't glist this. There's a donkustas. Ha ha ha! Okay, there's a donkustas. What do we do with donkustas?  Oh God, hold on, what's this? The valve. The valve. What's this to do with the valve? I've got seconds. I need to, I need to put the valve on this one. And then I need to get to, I'm assuming the red one will be round here. Red valve. There's red valve. Woo! That was very naughty of it. It's like, wait, is it gonna come in? That'd be cool if it came in. There we go. Interact with them. Woo! Ha ha ha ha! Naughty. Very naughty. Naughty donkulostas. Alright, okay, well, that's that then I suppose. Something's so gonna come from behind there and go, Bah! Uh oh. Am I supposed to go this way? Oh my God, it's the mutant! Uh, right, so combine that with that. Uh, use that now. Flame rounds, bugger! Ah! You can't harm this enemy? What do you mean I can't harm this enemy? We're supposed to do that. Okay, well, I guess I was supposed to go that way. Alright, use that. There we go. Uh. Alright, well I guess I live then. I don't know what this is. Another round to do it. Oh, wait, that's it? It can't get through some cardboard boxes! Oh my God! They're gonna eat me! Bah! Bah! Bah! Bah! Well there you go. That was easy. I thought it was really worth it. Probably could have just, you know, used that I suppose. But hey, oh. Alright. What is here? I should take a picture of the guy. Keycard. We got a blue keycard! Yes! Alright. Okay, next one. Oh, we're back here. Oh my God! Hold on! Hold on! Let's take pictures! I mean, hold on! There's one guy! There's one guy's going for it! Look at him! Oh, another one! Oh. Who fell over?  Oh no! It's the monster! Can I hide in the vent?  He's just gonna slowly walk over to me going. Bah!  He is as well, isn't he? Oh wait, no. We're good. Never mind. Oh, it does! I never noticed. Okay. So actually, could I have went this way? Finally, we're here. I don't know how I didn't even see this before. Now it's got all my credentials. Woo! You're pretty! Nice to see some... Oh, your venture deep into Sierra. Coming on porn and underground paddock. Oh, you venture deep underground. And then I come across an underground paddock. Oh, okay. What's happening? Oh my... What? Who's that? What? Excuse me? Well, flame rounds will do, I think. Inflicting high damage. Okay, what am I supposed to do here? Like... Yeah, what am I supposed to do? Just shoot it! Can I kill it? Oh my god! Oh, I got a flashlight on now. Now I can see. Oh no! I thought I could lose it with the... The lamp post.  Yeah, come towards me. Go on then. There we go. Woo! Woo! Da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da! I am really low on ammo. I don't know if I'm supposed to kill this. Do I have enough ammo? Hold on, what's the next one? This one. Yeah, there we go. Hold on. Oh, I can't combine it. Okay, I thought I could combine this with other things. All right. Okay. Stop fighting! That's very naughty! Wait, what's this? Rock? Wait, you throw rocks at me? Oh no! That's no good! I think I'm going to kill it, though. Oh god! I'm running low on ammo now, though. Where is he? Oh, there he is. Da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da! Did I kill it? Oh, I definitely killed it. Killed it Thank you for playing the fossil fuel two dough. This is but a taste of what is to go no I hundred percent killed it And there was like nah, I just died by rocks Okay, um, I mean it's just kind of like fossil fuel one, right? You know you get what you see you get what you pay for it's it's it's not gonna be like Crazy a triple a quality, but you know it's a fun time. I enjoy myself playing it. It's alright But anyway guys if you enjoyed this video leave a like and until next time. I'll see you guys later. Oh, bye. Bye


The vast majority of UK neonatal units, 70 of 161, 44 percent, currently routinely administer probiotics to preterm infants. Most of these units, 64 of 70, 91 percent, have guidelines available and most, 59 of 70, 84 percent, require enteral feeding before commencing probiotics. Additionally, 69 of 70, 99 percent, units would stop probiotics if the infant was diagnosed with necrotizing enterocolitis and 57 of 70, 81 percent, would also stop if enteral feeds were withdrawn. Furthermore, 24 of 91, 26 percent, units that do not currently use probiotics plan on introducing them within the next year. This article was authored by Justinas Tyserskas, Rachel Hutchinson, and others.