Our next question is from Rachel from New Jersey. Hey, Rachel. How you doing? How can we help you? Hey guys, thank you for having me. So my question is I'm a trainer and coach and someone who really wants to create and give content. I've been doing this for seven to eight years almost, but I still lack the confidence putting the information out there. I know I still have so much to learn even with everything that I have learned so far. So how have you worked through this throughout your career? And what advice would you give to a newbie coach or even like a seasoned trainer who probably feels this way as well? First off, don't feel bad. This is so common. I think this is one of the more common things I would hear from trainers that work for me. And I would hear it from new trainers. I would hear it from experienced trainers. And I would remind them that the people that you're helping know way less than you do. And not only that, but all the advanced health and fitness and wellness information that you may know or that you'll learn, you're not even going to be able to apply to most people. I think one of the reasons why Mind Pump has done well is because we take a simple concept and we communicate them and we don't go super crazy. Mainly because a lot of that real advanced stuff isn't going to do anybody much good. The only people that like that or need that typically are people like you who work in the fitness space. I love this question because most of my fitness career I was training and developing other trainers. And I'd say this is the number one thing that stifles their growth as a trainer is just getting in their own way. I even remember feeling this a little bit when we first started Mind Pump, even after what 15 plus years of experience that we all had getting on the YouTube channel and knowing that potentially thousands or millions of people are going to get criticized. They're going to listen to me. They're going to judge me. They're going to hang on everything that I say. And then I would catch myself talking as if I was trying to impress my peers versus communicating the same way that I've communicated to my clients for 15 years. And it's funny because when you do that and you're super hyper critical of yourself, honestly, it doesn't even do well. So if you're thinking about this as far as putting content out on Instagram, Facebook, on YouTube, and this is your concern, the irony is that those really high level conversations don't even perform very well on all those platforms. If you want to reach the masses, you've got to communicate the same way that you can communicate to your aunt or your uncle or your little brother or older sister, whatever, like the same way you would communicate at home to those people and you've got to get out of your head and not think about you're talking to your peers or I've got this educator that's going to listen to me and they're going to critique what I said. Get away from all that. You're trying to help people. And if that's your desired outcome and you lead with that, then communicate the same way and you'll be just fine and stick to the things you feel confident in. Yeah, stick with what you're passionate about.  But really, like if you just stick with what you know and what you're passionate about, a lot more people are going to benefit from it.  And go look at, if you get a chance, go to our YouTube channel and just look at like the top 15 videos or so that perform really well and listen to the way that we're communicating and look at all the hate too, by the way. So our most viral videos, we have the equal amount of hate of people, critics coming on there and saying, oh, that's not true and trying to argue with us with biomechanics or trying to say that we didn't communicate something well.  It's actually helping millions of people that it reached. So go look at those and just pay attention to the way that's the stuff that we're communicating and it's not very high level. Then we have stuff on that YouTube channel that is really high level, that we've had people come on the channel and they talk 10 levels above the average person and it doesn't perform well because the average person hears that it goes right over the top of their head. And think of yourself as a curator, right? You're there too to direct people to other people that specialize in those areas and people really appreciate that if you can kind of introduce them to other people they would have otherwise never found. Yeah, Rachel, what are the number one goal? What's the number one goal you get with your clients? Is it fat loss or weight loss like I've experienced? Definitely change in body composition and I think overall just switching the mindset from this all or nothing mentality to a more abundant mindset. That's definitely something that I've helped them do and simplifying their workouts. I think most of my clients come to me because they find simplicity and ease when it comes to training and working out as opposed to feeling overwhelmed and burnt out and all of that too. So I try to really just simplify it for everyone. Yeah, now that's spoken like somebody who's been training people for over five years. You actually sound a lot like you know what you're talking about. That's what I would have to teach trainers. I mean, let's say you have a client who wants to lose weight and you have two trainers. One trainer explains the intricacies of the metabolism, talks about ketosis if they cut out their carbs, talks about the Krebs cycle. And then the other trainer helps with their behaviors and helps them deal with bad relationships with food and maybe says something to them like, hey, let's try drinking some more water and let's start with that. Which trainer do you think would be more successful? Now I think the answer is pretty obvious. So think of it that way. Your desired outcome is to get people to improve their relationship to exercise, maybe develop one that's lifelong, eat better. All that complicated stuff, it's great. I love learning it. I mean, especially me, it's one of my favorite things to read about. But I mean, how often do I communicate that to clients? Almost never. There's almost zero value. It doesn't help them at all. The people that like to hear that kind of stuff is people like us, people who work in the field. So simple is better and communicate in ways that are effective. And that usually means simple and direct, not complex or way out there. No, that definitely helps. I think the more seasoned I'm getting, the further away I am from where I initially started. And that, you know, that was the basics. It was so simple when I didn't know anything. Yeah, you know, I forgot. Yeah, that changes. I forgot the name. There's an actual term for it where it's like, when you first start, you think you know everything. Then the more you learn, you go through this period. Is that done bars long? Yeah, I think so. I think it's like a Kruger done it or something like that. Kruger done it. There it is. Yeah, there you go. And again, you are 100% normal. This is so common among trainers. Stick to what you know. Keep it simple. I don't, I mean, it's even common with us. I mean, like that's why I wanted to admit that with the YouTube channel. Like, I mean, we've been doing this for a long time and you still, it's hard not to feel that pressure, especially when you're putting content out on the web, right? So, but I mean, we constantly off air are reminding ourselves. We can't allow the few trolls that are going to come on there and try and critique the way I pronounce something or the way I describe something. Like who cares? It's really about the people that you're helping.   Don't pay attention to that. Continue to put out content that you know that's helped people. Now, Rachel, are you using any of our programs to help your clients like maybe Maps Prime or Prime Pro? Yes, I have them all. I use them myself because I don't like to program for myself either. Yeah, Prime and Prime Pro, I've definitely incorporated so much more mobility into my own clients programs. And like Anabolic is honestly where I start a majority of them just because that's building the foundation there. So they've definitely come in handy through my career. Awesome, Rachel.  And when you become the go-to person, when your clients know they can come to you, ask you a question, and you'll either A, know the answer or more likely know where they can find the answer, now you've provided tremendous value. So great job. That was awesome. Thank you guys. Thank you. Thank you. Guy, that's so common with trainers. Number one thing. Here's where it really starts to translate. It's the trainer feels that way, and then they're afraid to ask for money from clients to hire them. And it was like this hurdle that I would have to help people get through because I can't have them pay me. I don't know everything. It's insecurity. Yeah, like nobody knows everything. Well, I think it's exaggerated now too because this is now the new model, right? It used to be just 10 years ago, people weren't talking about creating. Now everyone was in a content creator. Right. You were a good trainer. You learned what you needed to do to help people. You were a good one-on-one in person. Where now the business has evolved that you have to be able to put stuff out on social media platforms and present your information. And there's a lot. I felt that.  I still don't. It's still uncomfortable for me to look at a camera, pretend like I'm talking to a million people, and there's no one there that I'm talking to. That's still there. I also know that I'm going to get thousands of trolls that are going to see this at one point, and a lot of my peers that are going to hang on every word that I say and look for all the holes to try and poke holes in my whatever point I'm trying to make. And so I get it, man.  Yeah.  It's so tough because it's easy to compare yourself to all these other channels and all these other people doing things that you feel like you're going to, you're wanting to evolve and do and replicate that. But really it's about finding your own voice and finding what is sticking with your audience and who your audience is. So that's what you really need to focus on.


Well, despite ongoing efforts to move the giant bog off of the beach at North Long Lake's Legionville safety camp, the massive four-acre bog is still floating on the shoreline. Crews made several attempts yesterday to relocate the bog by using boats to tow it to a new location. Eventually they were able to cut it in half, but it was still too heavy to move. Today the bog was split one more time and now sits in three pieces, but with the wind blowing in the wrong direction, progress is halted again. As soon as weather allows, crews will attempt to move the middle piece away from the shoreline. The DNR Long Lake Association and Minnesota American Legion are remaining hopeful the bog will be relocated in time for hundreds of campers to use the beach by mid-June. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland news, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Reading some Sydney Australia. I'm sorry I can't be with you at the tabard to take part in this important event today. Instead I'm going to give you a quick rundown of the latest events related to Julian Assange here in his native Australia, where the focus of his story has moved over the past four months. And then I'll give way to Allison Mason, a Queensland activist who spent three years in London in the Assange support community, and is now back here in Australia. Allison will say a few words about actions and events in the very vibrant movement for Assange in this country. In Britain Julian is waiting for what could be his last hearing before the High Court, which refused his appeal in June. If after the 30-minute hearing the court continues to deny his appeal, Julian could be put on a plane to Virginia. That could theoretically happen at any time. In the meantime, focus of Assange story in May switched from Britain, where his accreditation case has actually dragged on for three long years, two here in Australia, where the Prime Minister finally spoke out on behalf of his nation regarding Julian Assange. Ironically, the Prime Minister was in London for the coronation when he gave an interview to Australian Broadcaster Corporation in which Anthony Albanese first made public his government's desire to see the Assange case resolved, and Albanese first revealed that he'd spoken directly to the US government about Julian Assange. The US reacted five days after that broadcast by allowing six Australian MPs to have lunch with the American Ambassador Caroline Kennedy at her Canberra residence. Asked weeks later by the ABC radio whether the meeting that she had with the MPs changed her views of the Assange case, Kennedy said, not really. The lunch was followed two weeks later by Stella Assange, the imprisoned publisher's wife making her first visit to her husband's native country. It was timed for a scheduled trip to Australia by US President Joe Biden in late May, but Biden canceled his trip. Stella Assange nevertheless led a march through the streets of Sydney and spoke at a mass rally at Hyde Park. The outpouring was emblematic of a nation in which as many as 88% of the population want the US to drop the espionage and computer intrusion charges against Assange and allow them to return home. Julian Assange faces a virtual life sentence of up to 175 years in prison if he's extradited from Britain and convicted in the US. Further remarks after that from Albanese in May that Assange had to play his part led to speculation that some sort of plea deal for Assange was possible. Assange lawyer Jennifer Robinson said for the first time on behalf of Assange's legal team that they would indeed consider a plea deal. She told the National Press Club audience in Canberra on May 22nd, quote, we're considering all options. The difficulty is our primary position is of course that the case ought to be dropped. We say no crime has been committed and the facts of the case don't disclose a crime. So what is it that Julian would be pleading to? Possible solution could be a so-called Alfred plea in which Assange would continue to state his innocence while accepting a lesser charge that will allow him to serve additional time in Australia. The four years Assange has already served on remand at London's maximum security bail march prison could perhaps be taken into account. However the door to this solution seemed to be slammed shut on any kind of plea deal and negotiation when Secretary of State Anthony Blinken traveled to Brisbane and on July 31st said the following quote, what our Department of Justice has already said repeatedly publicly is this that Mr. Assange was charged with very serious criminal conduct in the United States in connection with his alleged role in one of the largest compromises of classified information in the history of our country. The actions that he is alleged to have committed risk very serious harm to our national security. So I say that only because just as we understand sensitivities here it's important that our friends understand sensitivities in the United States that Blinken uttered these words at all showed that the case is diplomatic and political and not just legal that is strictly within the purview of the Justice Department. The reaction in Australia was fiercer than the US probably expected. Anthony Blinken's allegation that Julian Assange risked very serious harm to US national security as patent nonsense independent MP Andrew Wilkie told the Guardians Australian edition. Wilkie said that Assange was quote not the villain and if the US wasn't obsessed with revenge it would drop their tradition charge as soon as possible. Labour MP Julian Hill was part of the bring Julian Assange home solemn entry group told the Guardian that he quote had a fundamentally different view of the substance of the matter than Secretary Blinken expressed. Albanese himself continued to call for the end after that rough reception. Kennedy gave an interview to the Sydney Morning Herald and in a front page interview on August 14th said that the United States was now despite Blinken's unequivocal words suddenly open to a plea agreement that could free Assange allowing him to serve a shortened sentence for a lesser crime in his home country. However, Craig Murray a former British diplomat and close Assange associates who many of you know and he'll be there at the Tabard about a week from now he told WBAI radio in New York last Friday that the United States has not despite Kennedy's words so far offered any sort of plea deal to Assange's legality. Craig Murray said quote there have been noises made by the US ambassador to Australia saying that a plea deal is possible and that's what the Australian government have been pushing for as a way to resolve this. What I could tell you is that there have been no official approaches from the American government indicating any willingness to soften or ameliorate their position. The position of the Biden administration still seems to be that they wish to persecute and destroy Julian and lock him up for life for publishing the truth about war crimes. So the US chatter about a plea deal was possibly designed to one either soften the reaction to Blinken's remarks as opposition to the US-led AUKUS alliance against China as well as support for Assange both grow here in Australia. Two to lure Assange into giving up his extradition fight and going to the US to negotiate a deal something his father and brother said he would never do which would also of course evade European Court of Human Rights injunction to block his extradition or three postpone a British decision on extradition until after the November 2024 US presidential election to avoid the optics of Biden in the midst of his reelection campaign trying to send a publisher to prison for life for publishing embarrassing state secrets. It is into this political storm that six Australian parliamentarians will arrive in Washington on September 20th to face obstinate and thoroughly uninformed views about Assange entrenched in the US political establishment. They will have two days these MPs to educate members of Congress as well as state and justice department officials whom they will meet about the threat to the United States Constitution and to a free press if the persecution of their citizen continues. And now I'll turn it over to Allison Mason and this pre-recorded message to speak about Assange activism in Australia. Hi I'm Allison Mason an Australian activist and I'd like to tell you why we have such enormous support for Julian Assange in Australia. First let me say how wonderful it was that groups worldwide supported the Australian government's stance that enough is enough and the prosecution must end through the Father's Day rallies last weekend at Australian embassies in the US, the UK, Ireland and Europe. So good to see people following Julian's ethic to stand up for what is right and moral and to support Australia's mission to free Assange. The world is watching and joining together to back up Australia. I just got a report from someone who visited Julian in jail this week that he wants people to be wild and creative and unafraid to stand up for our rights, be bold, be colorful and inspiring, get your artists on board. So you may want to know how we organise. The tyranny of distance is something we have in common. We have a premium banner artist here in Graham Dunstan who was an Aquarius Festival co-founder, beautiful banners, low cost to replicate from his patterns that he can email to you. We got to stick together. Julian's dad John Shipton recently was in Brazil where he met with officials and he appeared on Glenn Greenwald's system update. John stressed the importance of the international community backing Australia's mission. John said the outspoken support of President Lula de Silva of Brazil and President Obrador of Mexico in concert with the interests of Australia will bring a proper solution. Quote, together these two men have moved the persecution of Julian up and now it has become a diplomatic matter between nations. We are trying to paint on that canvas of international support. Now there's a reason why polls in Australia repeatedly show 80 to 90 percent of Australians want Julian freed and returned to his home country. This new and terrifying example that the U.S. is trying to install of extraterritorial judicial reach is one that has to be resisted to protect all citizens of the world from that tyranny and it strikes at Australia's heart with Julian. And a great example of this plays out every Thursday when Timas Van Sivdie goes to the electorate office of the Prime Minister, Anthony Albanese, and with a little sign honk for Julian, the honks and the beeps and the toots from passing by motorists is incessant. There's no better way to reinforce support for Julian and inform the PM's office that the polls are not lying. Everyone in this part of town is waving and beeping and this must be reported back to the PM and probably to Washington who as we know has an ear on what's going on everywhere. There's a large ethnic Chinese population in that electorate and they are huge assigned supporters. Julian regularly features on the front page of the local Chinese press and newspapers in China. Good idea, hold events where there are ethnic groups who totally know all about Julian. The Chinese, Middle Eastern, South American and African communities appreciate firsthand the work of WikiLeaks. They are our allies. So the crew in Sydney report this overwhelming reaction including friendly cops whose kind behaviour shows their true heart in a little humorous episode recently even a hearse stopped and put its blinking lights on to show support. In Sydney, celebrity journalist Ozzy Kossak has organised rallies, the last one before Stella came to town. Thousands of people marched and the footage was sent around the world and here's another one, a freedom rally on September the 23rd and that broadens the base of support. The visit by Stella to Sydney was supposed to coincide with their visit by President Biden. The rally in March was huge, was Stella leading out the front that unfortunately President Biden pulled out, make of that what you will. So Sydney is the epicentre of movement in Australia doing four actions weekly. The long time Sydney Town Hall gathering for Julian every Friday night which you can check out on Gong Steve's YouTube channel. Saturday gathering in Hyde Park, Wednesday outside the US consulate in North Sydney and Thursday PM's office. The crew has noticed the US consulate recently closing for the hour coinciding with their weekly action. So we suppose they might prefer visa applicants not to see and hear about Julian perhaps. Pop into a consulate to deliver a letter or petition. They recently delivered one from Rome to the PM's office. But there are actions up and down the East Coast of Australia from my home state of Queensland and the capital Brisbane at Sunday markets every May Day and they recently joined together with the anti-war groups at the National Conference of the Governing Party, the Australian Labor Party. The anti-war groups have been a boon here obviously. In the coastal tourist regions of Kansas Magnetic Island in the north where Julian spent his childhood there are active groups. We did at anything to say chair action on Magnetic Island. That's a great one to replicate even without the statues in a town square with just a chair and a megaphone. Ours was on the beach. Then going down the East Coast, Byron Bay, Moulinbar, Malinbin, Nimbin, the home of the Mardi Gras Festival which has a big presence in a stall and street banners. There's festivals, mini-plays, street theater. They've all been done based on the court testimony and that's stored at tarikhadad.com. So easy to do satire with this material from the court. Beyond Sydney and the country's capital, Canberra, big riders have been held with speakers including politicians from the Parliamentary Friends and Assange Group who plan to visit that other capital DC soon. And the music events to be held in Canberra soon too. Further down you have Melbourne, the so-called intellectual capital of Australia. Recently there were events at nightclubs and a tattoo studio art auction with donated works. In Adelaide, South Australia, the Foreign Affairs Minister Penny Wong's office is a spot that Adelaide for Assange regular gatherings. And there was a sit-in at the Department of Foreign Affairs in trade in 2013 which got huge international media. There's also Adelaide having a big hand in formulating the Meet Your MP program. Every citizen can book a meeting and discuss the issue. That's a solo action you can call on every citizen to do. Many people in the country areas all over Australia have smaller but very active groups supporting Julian. They do actions at the Gate of Hell, military industrial complex factories plastered with gruesome war crimes pictures on posters. And don't forget First Nations Peoples. Julian received a passport from the Aboriginal Embassy. Stand with the number one. Such is the affection from the First Nations Peoples for a heroic brother. The songlines give us hope and feed the soul. In the words of singer Michael Bronnock, hope and hopelessness might just be an opening to a discovery that is far beyond them both. Something boundless, something that is crackling with potentiality and something the bastard never saw coming. Good luck. Resist, rest, repeat. See ya.


The Adventures of Christopher Wells program, formally scheduled at this time, is now broadcast at a new time on Tuesday evening. Tune in for the Adventures of Christopher Wells next Tuesday and every Tuesday at 6 30 p.m. Pacific Standard Time. You're alone in Paris. Unable to speak the language. Unable to cope with a gigantic conspiracy which seeks to convince you that you are mad. You are the victim of a plot from which there is no escape. Escape. Produced, directed and tonight written by William N. Robeson and carefully contrived to free you from the four walls of today for a half hour of high adventure. Tonight we escape to Paris at the time of the Great Exposition and one of the recurring legends of our time, an Alexander Wilkett's version of the story of the vanishing lady. Another cup of tea, Bruce. No, thank you, my dear. I just light up my pipe now and have a look at the evening standard. I'd like another, please, Mother. All right, Alice. Only one sugar, dear. We must watch our figures, you know. What nonsense. A growing girl like Alice needs plenty of sugar. See, Mother Daddy approves. Perhaps, but Mother is still boss. Yes, Mother. There's a dear. Mother. Yes, dear. I've been thinking. Yes, dear. I've been thinking about my grandparents. Oh. I know all about Daddy's parents. How grandfather Stanley commanded to Dreadnought at the Battle of Jutland. It was not a Dreadnought, Alice. It was a heavy cruiser. Oh, yes. Heavy cruiser. And he got to V.C. and how grandmother Stanley was a volunteer at the Worcester Lodge when the Zeppelins came over. I know about your father, too, and how he died in India from his wounds and how gallant he was at the Khyber Pass. But, Mother... Yes, dear. You've never, never told me anything about grandmother Winship. Haven't I? No, and I'd... I'd like to know something about... Bruce. The child, 16. I think it's time she knew. But, Bruce... And you'd probably feel better to get it off your chest. What, Mother? What is it? Well, my dear, I've never talked about your grandmother because I... I've always half-believed that, someday, somehow, she would come down our garden walk and... I know it sounds silly and explain where she's been for the last 20 years. Why? What happened to her? I don't know. And I don't suppose I ever will. Cynthia Darling, if it's going to upset you... No, Bruce, you're quite right. It would be best to get it off my chest, as you put it. As you know, Alice, I was born and brought up in India. And I was about your age when my father was killed in the Khyber campaign. Mother decided to leave India for good and return to her old home in Warwickshire. However, since it was necessary for her to go to Paris to attend to some details of my father's estate, she decided that we should leave the P&O boat in Marseille and proceed by train. You may imagine the timidity with which we, too, unascorted ladies, travelled across France, without the slightest knowledge of the language and without, indeed, the assurance that we could find a hotel room in Paris, though we had telegraphed for reservations from Marseille. You see, the Great Paris Exposition had just opened and the city was jammed with visitors from all over the world. You may imagine our relief when we arrived at the Grand Hotel Universelle and heard the clerk speak in quite understandable English. Welcome, welcome. You will please to sign the register, air and air. You have our reservation. Oh, indeed, yes. Most fortunate madam that you telegraphed, for I have reserved for you the last room in the house. Oh, I'm so relieved. Yes, Cynthia. You may as well learn now to sign a register for yourself. Oh, yes, Mama. Where do I write? There in that line. Oh, yes, I see. Voilà. You are fatigued from your journey, no? I shall have the boys show you to your rooms at once. Chasseur, chasseur. Oui, monsieur. Le Parpement 642 pour mademoiselle et madame Winship, tout de suite. Bien, monsieur. This is your baggage, madame? Yes, these six. Le voilà bagage, il y a six pièces. Cynthia, you'd best carry the little one with me. Medicine in it? Yes, mama. Thank you. I'll take that one. The little red one. Travia. This way, ladies. Keep your eye on that porter, Cynthia. I don't trust this Frenchman. Oh, ma. I don't think he'll make off with our things. Here's the lift. Vois-y, madame. Vois-y. Oh, I do wish we could have gone straight on to Southampton. But you'd only have had to come back across the channel to see the solicitor, ma ma. We really saved time this way. I suppose I mean I wish we hadn't come to Paris at all. Such a sinister place. Oh, ma ma. Voilà. Le troisième. This way, ladies. To the right. Attendez. Eh bien. En 338, 340, 342. Oh, voilà. Entrez, ladies. Thank you.  And look, ma ma. French windows and the park out there. No, thank you. Here. Merci. I look at the window over there. And those beautiful, beautiful bridges. Oh, mother. It's something out of a book. Yes, my dear. That's the trouble with Paris. It's so attractive. But underneath, it's evil. And look at the furniture. The guilt clock. Oh, ma. Oh, ma. Oh, ma. Oh, ma. Oh, ma. Oh, ma. Oh, ma. Oh, ma. Oh, ma. Here's the guilt clock. And this lovely marvel table. Oh, ma ma, everything is so... so French. I'll be very glad to be on my way to where everything's English by this time tomorrow. Now, come away from that window and help me get into something comfortable. There's a deal. Yes, ma. Of course. I don't know when I've been so tired. I just can't seem to catch ma... Mama. Mama, what's the matter? Mama, speak to me. Here. I'll get you up into the bed. There. Now, let me loosen your corset. Here. Here, mama. Here are the smelling salts. Breathe deeply, darling. Mama, the telephone. I've got to get a doctor. Hello, operator. Will you please send a doctor up to room number... Oh, let me see. Number 342. Pardon? What did she say? Will you please send a doctor to room number 342? A doctor? A doctor? Oh, yes, a doctor. Yes, ma'am. Right away. While I waited for the doctor, I did everything I could to think of to bring my mother back to consciousness. I massaged her fingers and toes. I put wet clothes on her forehead. I waved the smelling salts under her nose. But she lay silent and white and unmoving like one dead. Only the quick shallow movement of her breast assured me she was not. And all the time another anxiety possessed me. What if this doctor could not speak English? How should I tell him the circumstances of mother's unexpected fainting? How should I understand his instructions for treatment? I'm sure it was not long, although it seemed like an eternity before he arrived, accompanied by the manager of the hotel. And to my great relief, they both spoke English. The doctor felt mother's pulse took her temperature and did the usual things that doctors do. Then he turned to the tail-coated hotel manager. Do you speak French? Not a word. Are you sure? Absolutely. Then I can speak in my native language. Sir, it is a very serious matter. Do not be alarmed when I tell you. This woman has arrived from the plague. She has only one hour to live. I do not need to tell you. While they talked in this language, I couldn't understand. I looked from one face to the other, trying to read from their expressions how serious my mother's illness was. But they were as casual as though they were ordering dinner. Finally, I could stand it no longer. They must. You must tell me. What is the matter with her?  Seriously ill. It is a collapse. Due perhaps to the strain of traveling, however, a week or two of absolute rest will... A week or two? We were to go on to England tomorrow. That would be out of the question. She cannot be moved for at least several days. Right now, she must have a complete rest. The next 24 hours will be critical. Oh, mama. Oh, mama. No, no, no. You must not break down, too. I need your help. Yes, doctor. Immediately I need some medicine. Will you fetch it for me? I... Yes, but... I must not leave your mother for a moment during these critical hours.  Your wife? Yes, I have the medicine already prepared at my home. It will be faster to go there for it than to a pharmacy.  But... Couldn't you telephone? Alas, I have no telephone. Well, then it... A messenger, perhaps. Oh, mademoiselle. You do not know Paris en Fête with the exposition opening. Nowhere can you find a real liable messenger. They are all selling souvenirs. No, mademoiselle. You will accomplish the errand more rapidly yourself. Ah, voici l'adresse. Here is the address 24B's Rue Val de Grasse. And here is the message to give to my wife. But I don't know Paris at all. I'm a total stranger here. I'm sure the manager here will give the necessary instructions to the cabbie. Indeed, I will. If mademoiselle is ready. Before I quite knew what was happening, I was seated in a ricketed taxicab outside the hotel with the doctor's message clutched in my hand. While the hotel manager gave a valuable direction to the cabbie. I would be a little bit too big to think about this trivial life. Go to the little bar. Take the track, the most circuitous. And above all, do not be back in less than two hours. Understood? Understood. Well, it is arrangement, mademoiselle. Jack here is one of our most trusted cabbies. He will get you to the doctor's house. I'm back in safety. Oh, thank you so much, sir. And you will look after mother, won't you? Oh, indeed I will. Of that, you may be sure. When we left the hotel, we crossed a huge square with statues around it and turned into a wide avenue which led up a gentle incline at the top of which was a huge arch. But before long, we turned off to the right into narrower streets. It must have been 20 minutes later when we turned into another wide boulevard and I saw another huge arch up ahead. Or was it the same? Oh, was it the same arch? Driver! Mademoiselle? Haven't we passed that arch before? Look, mademoiselle, here is the arch of Triomphe. The ball will be made. Driver, I don't want a sightseeing tour. I want to go to this address directly.  Please, now take me there at once. In fact, it is better to be patient, mademoiselle. Paris is a great city, you see. At last, we turned into a narrow street and pulled up before a grim grey house. The blue enamel sign on the wall read number 24 piece. I jumped out of the cab almost before it stopped, rushed up the three stone steps and pulled at the brass bell knob. Hurry, hurry, please. We? The doctor sent me for some medicine. Here, please read this. Retain this young woman as long as possible. It is of the greatest importance for the future of Paris and even of France. Oh, come in, mademoiselle. Thank you. The doctor's wife stood there reading and rereading the note as though she didn't understand it. And until I thought I would scream, oh, please, please hurry. Get the medicine, it's my mother, she may be dying. I must get back to her, please hurry. I see you. She pointed to a chair. And slowly walked down the hall and closed the door behind her. I waited. And waited. And I wondered. Wondered about the time the taxi had taken to get here. About that arch that looked so familiar. And I was torn by the hundred nameless anxieties that taught to you when your nearest and dearest is ill.  A telephone. A telephone clearly ringing somewhere in the house. But the doctor had said he had no telephone. That was the reason I must come all the way for the medicine. No, it couldn't be in this house. It must be next door or across the street. Of course, that's where the sound was coming from. But no. It was the voice of the doctor's wife answering the phone. Oh, no. No, what monstrous plot was this? I felt my scalp crawl with terror. Brain pounded my head felt as though it would burst. I wanted to scream to run out of this awful house. To run all the way across Paris to the bedside of my mother. Voilà, mademoiselle. Oh, thank you. Thank you. Au revoir, mademoiselle. Now driver, please. Please, in the name of your own mother, hurry back to the hotel as fast as possible. Please. Bah oui. Au revoir, mademoiselle. Roulant. But my pleading was of no use. Either it was misunderstood or ignored. We crawled across Paris just as slowly as we had come. And I was certain I saw that same white arch three times. But at last we crossed the great square with the statues in it. And I knew we were close to the hotel. Please, please, hurry. Au revoir, mademoiselle. Just beyond the great square, we turned up a narrow street, which shortly ended a wide circling in the middle of which was a tall slender monument. The driver swung around the monument and pulled up before the entrance of the hotel. Reached back and opened the door. Voilà, voilà, mademoiselle. I jumped out of the cab. And then I saw the sign over the entrance. It said, hotel Ritz. Driver, you've taken me to the wrong hotel. I'm staying at the Grand Hotel Universal. I don't understand what you're saying, but will you please take me to the Grand Hotel Universal?    You've taken more than two hours to get me to that doctor's house and back. Can't you understand my mother is sick, perhaps dying? Madame, mademoiselle, the business doesn't work out. So, here's my money. A small group of people. I looked around. A small group of passengers by had stopped and were listening curiously to the argument. Then they joined in and started taking sides. Everywhere I looked for foreign faces, strangers, enemies. And then, shouldering his way through the crowd, I saw a bare-headed young man in trees with a pipe planted in his teeth. And before I had a chance to speak, I knew help had come. I say, having some trouble? Oh, thank heavens, you're English. All right, sure. What seems to be the matter? I told him rapidly as I could. And he paid the mule-ish cabbie. Oh, merci, Monsieur. Popped me into another cab. And five minutes later, we walked into the lobby of the Grand Hotel Universal. The manager was behind the desk. My mother, is she all right? I beg your pardon? My mother, Mrs. Winship in 342, is she all right? Uh, mademoiselle must be mistaken. There is no Winship in 342. What? 342 is occupied by Monsieur Auguste. No, I, uh, a prominent guest. But don't you remember me? I'm Cynthia Winship. Two hours ago, you put me into a taxi to go to the doctor's house for some medicine for my mother. I am afraid that mademoiselle is mistaken.  Well, look here, what is this? No, listen, I swear it to you. It's just as I say. We signed the register less than three hours ago. We got in on the train from our say. Well, let's have a look at the register. I'll show you I'm in 342. Where is the register? It is there, mademoiselle. You may see it for yourself. See, today's date. 14 guests registered, but I don't see any mademoiselle or madame Winship. Do you? No. What have you done with my mother? What have you done with my mother? Please, mademoiselle. You have done something with her.  Please, mademoiselle.  We'll get to the bottom of this. Perhaps mademoiselle is mistaken. Perhaps she is registered at some other hotel. No. This is the hotel. The grand-view universal. You... You were standing there when we arrived. You handed my mother the pen with which she registered. You came to the room with the doctor. You put me in the taxi. Wait a minute. What is it? That bell boy there. He carried our baggage. He'll remember. Do you remember the luggage of my mother? In number 3, 4, 2, 7. No, mademoiselle. No, mademoiselle. There were six pieces. Don't you remember? You wanted to take them all and I insisted on carrying the jewel case. It was a little red one. No, mademoiselle. This is the first time in my life that I see mademoiselle. This is never sorry on this life before. But this is monstrous. It's impossible. My mother is somewhere in this hotel. What have you done with her? What have you done with her? How do you feel, Miss Winship? Better, thank you. This soup was very nourishing. Won't you have something else? Salad, a bit of roast? Thank you, no. A cup of tea, perhaps. Certainly. Gasson? Monsieur? Pour mamezette. Monsieur. I don't know how to thank you, Mr. Do you realize I don't even know your name? It's Bruce, Bruce Stanley. I'm glad to meet you, Mr. Stanley. It's a pleasure, Miss Winship. Mr. Stanley. You believe me, don't you? Of course I do, Mr. We did register at that hotel. We were in room 342. I can even describe the furnishings. There was a big window that went from the ceiling to the floor. Well, every hotel room in Paris has windows like that, Miss Winship. Oh, they do? Yes. Well, in this room the draperies were plum-colored. There was a marble table, a black marble it was, and a gilt clock. It had run down. The hands had stopped, I remember, at 20 minutes past 3. The walls were covered in rose brocade and the bedspread was a washed-out yellow. Oh, if I could only get into that room, you'd see I'm not making this up. I'm not. I'm sure you are. Perhaps I can find a way to make them let you in the room. Oh, can you? Yes, I... I'm with the embassy, you know, undersecretary sort of thing. I, uh, I believe the British Empire has enough influence to change the mind of an obstinate Paris innkeeper. Then let's do it, right away. Well, I... I'm afraid the might of Britain can't move that fast. It's past dinner time. But tomorrow we'll see. Tomorrow? But I must get into that room tonight. I have no money. No way to sleep. Well, we can do nothing with the people at the hotel. You saw that. We'll just have to be patient until tomorrow. I'm... I'm sure I can find a room for you tonight in a posse on near the embassy. You're so very kind. How can I ever thank you, Mr. Stanley? Well, you... you might begin by calling me Bruce. Thank you, Bruce. Thank you, Cynthia. Oh. Oh! What is it? I just thought of something. The doctor. The doctor? Yes, the one the hotel manager brought in to look after mother. I still have his address somewhere here in my purse. Yes, here it is. Oh, we must go there immediately. He can tell us about mother. You see, 24-beast Ruvaldi grass. Well, that's not fine. It's just off the Boulevard Rass by near the Luxembourg. How long would it take to get there by taxi? Well, about 10 minutes. But it... it took over an hour this afternoon. Well, Mr. 24-beast Ruvaldi grass. Well, here we are. Yes, this is the place. Attendez, mon vieux. Ah, très bien, monsieur. The house is dark. Ah, it's quite late. Well, I don't care. We've got to find out tonight. Qui est là? Qui sonne? Where is he? There at the upstairs window. Eh, monsieur le docteur, c'est mamoiselle Stanley. Elle veut vous questionner à propos de sa mère. Stanley isn't going to vomit with her Stanley. He says he doesn't know her. But he must, he must. Doctor, don't you remember this afternoon? You sent me to your house for medicine for my mother. Je ne comprends pas l'anglais. He says he doesn't understand English.   He does. He speaks perfect English. I... I'm sorry, Cynthia. Oh, Bruce. What am I going to do? What am I going to do? If it hadn't been for Bruce, I'm certain I should have gone out of my mind. He found a room for me at a pension near the embassy, where I spent a sleepless night of anxiety, almost beyond endurance. Bruce called for me at half past ten the next morning and took me back to the hotel. To my surprise, the attitude of the manager had changed completely. Of course, mademoiselle main, spectrum 342. We are only too glad to convince mademoiselle that her mother is not and never was in the Grand Hotel universelle. Why, I... I, personally, will escort you to the room. This way, please, to the ascenseur. Oh, Bruce, that terrible man. That horrible, horrible... Cynthia, don't let him upset you. Monsieur? Reuxième étage. Monsieur.  You'll see.  You'll see. Yes, mademoiselle. Voilà. Le troisième. This way, gentlemen. It was room 342. You wish to see mademoiselle? Yes, that's right. Third door to the right. So? You see, Bruce? I know where it is. Yes, mademoiselle. Et ruya. Voilà. Enter, please. Now, Bruce, you shall see the yellow bedspread. Oh. Not quite the room you just described in the elevator, mademoiselle. The drapes are royal blue. No. A little dusty, I fair. I must have this room renovated. You see, there is no marble top table. No. The clock, as you notice, is running. No. And right on time, it seems, the walls are not rose-brocade but yellow-flowered wallpaper. No.  No, no! They tried to make me think I was mad. They succeeded. I remembered nothing until I awoke in my aunt's house in England two weeks later. Thanks to Bruce, who never left my side during those terrible days when my sanity hung in the balance. Well, that's the story, Alice. That's why I've never been able to talk about your grandmother's winship. Oh, mother, how horrible. Because all these years, I've clung to the foolish hope that somehow she'd come back and tell us herself what happened. Oh, you poor dear. You may as well dispel that hope forever, Cynthia. What? Since you've at last brought yourself to discuss your mother's disappearance, I think it's time you knew the true facts. Bruce.  Oh, no. She died of the bubonic plague. She'd caught it in India before she sailed. The doctor recognized the symptoms the moment he examined her. He told the hotel manager in French in your presence. They agreed that the matter must be kept completely secret. If the news leaked out that there was a case of plague in Paris, the city would have been emptied of visitors and the exposition would have been a failure. Oh, Bruce. The conspiracy of silence began in the hotel. The bellboy was paid to claim he never saw you. The taxi driver was paid well to take you to the doctor's house by the most roundabout route. The note to the doctor's wife advised her to detain you as long as she could. And the taxi driver added his own imaginative touch by returning you to the Ritz instead of the universe. I shudder to think what might have happened if I hadn't come through the Place Wendôme just then. But you didn't know. Not then. When did you find out? Next morning. By then the conspiracy had grown to international proportions. The embassy had been advised. If the exposition was a failure, the Frank would fall. The pound sterling would be affected, that sort of thing. I knew when we went back to the hotel, you would not find your plum drapes and rose-colored walls and black marble top table. And you let me go through with that? What could I do? I was acting under orders. I knew that the hotel had completely fumigated and redecorated the room overnight. And everything was in readiness to repudiate your story. I had to let the last act of the dreadful farce play to its dreadful end. Mother. What did they do with Mother? Her body was removed from the room less than 30 minutes after you left it. And immediately burned. Why? Why didn't you tell me this years ago? Why did you let me go on all this time? This is the first time you've ever mentioned your mother since then, my dear. Alice. Yes, Mother? There's a new issue of the Tatler in the library, dear. Wouldn't you like to look at it? But, Mother, I want to... Now, dear. Want to have a talk with your father. Escape. Produced and directed by William N. Robeson has brought you The Vanishing Lady by Alexander Wolcott. Produced for radio by Mr. Robeson. Cynthia was played by Joan Banks. Bruce was played by Haver... Hi, Haverback. The hotel manager and cab driver were played by Ramsey Hill. The musical score was conceived and conducted by Cy Fuhr. Next week... You are deathly afraid of snakes. And between you and a fortune, between you and escape, beyond the white jaws of a deadly cotton mouth. Next week, we escape with Irvin S. Cobb's famous story, Snake Doctor. Good night, then, until the same time next week. But again, we offer you... Escape. With CBS, the Columbia Broadcasting System.


Hi, I welcome you to a short e-lecture where I will briefly discuss the development of English from a regional to a global language. I will proceed as follows. First, I will list the central periods of English and will then talk about the main triggers towards the development of English as a global language. Using the three circles model, I will then look at the main types of English in a global context. So let's start with a brief historical overview. Old English, the first period of English, was clearly Germanic in character with many properties taken over from continental Germanic. Middle English, by contrast, changed to a language where many typical Germanic aspects were lost and romance in particular French properties came in. Most obviously in the vocabulary. And early modern English had fixed many of these aspects. It was now clearly different from its German predecessors. It had a rich vocabulary and a new sound repertoire, and it became the initial stage for the spread of English around the world. The first significant step in the progress of English towards its status as a global language did not take place before the end of the 16th century. By the end of the reign of Elizabeth the first in 1603, literature had boomed through the works of Spencer, Marlowe and in particular Shakespeare. And Francis Drake and Walter Rawley had laid the foundation for the expanding influence of English in the new world and of course later than in Australia. According to the Indian linguist Braj Kashru, the spread of English around the world can be defined in terms of three concentric circles. The inner circle refers to the traditional historical and sociolinguistic origins of English where it is used as a first or native language. And here are the main countries of course Great Britain, then we have North America with Canada and the United States, Australia and New Zealand and often forgotten Ireland. Now these countries are members of the inner circle with about 400 million speakers, almost 70% of which are from the United States. The second circle, the so-called outer circle, includes countries colonized by Britain and the United States where English is spoken as a second language and where it plays an important historical and governmental role in multilingual settings. Here are the central ones, for example in Asia we have India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. In Africa we find this sort of English in South Africa, in Kenya, in Ghana, in Nigeria and in Tanzania to name the main ones. And then of course in the Caribbean in Jamaica and in the Pacific Ocean on the Philippines. The countries in the expanding circle did not institutionalize English as an official language but recognized the importance of English as a foreign language. Well and this concerns almost the whole world, countries such as Israel, Japan, China, Egypt, Korea, Nepal, Russia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Zimbabwe, Saudi Arabia, the whole of Western Europe plus the Caribbean countries and of course the South African continent with more than one billion speakers. Let us take a brief look at the inner circle development now and let's start with North America. The first permanent settlement in North America began with the arrival of England's second expedition in 1607. The first by Sir Walter Rawley and his fellow explorers who arrived in 1584 had been forced to return to England as a consequence of conflicts with the native people. The new southern colonists came mainly from England's west country, their tide water accents that's a technical term still exists in some isolated valleys. They are said to be the closest to the sound of Shakespeare's English, that is early modern English of course. Then in 1620 the first group of Puritans arrived on the Mayflower. These people did not want to return to England, what the pilgrim fathers had in common was their search for a land where they could found a new religious kingdom which would be free from persecution. 1681 brought new shiploads of immigrants, the Quakers from the north of England and the North Midlands who settled in Pennsylvania. Later there was a vast wave of immigration from Northern Ireland and Scotland to this area. By the time independence was declared in 1776, one in seven of the colonial population was Scots Irish. Today we can identify the following major dialects in North America. For example ethnic varieties such as African American English, some people prefer the term African American vernacular English and American Indian English. Or we have regional varieties such as North Eastern American English, Southern States American English or Canadian English. In Australia, Britain established its first penal colony at Sydney after James Cook's visit in 1770 in order to relieve the pressure on the overcrowded prisons in England. So let's write down 70 as a key figure here. The about 130,000 prisoners were followed by a wave of settlers. By 1850 the population of Australia was about 400,000 and by 1900 nearly 4 million. Today almost 18 million people live on the Australian continent. The British Isles provided the main source of settlers and thus the main influence on the language. And what about the future? Well if there has ever been such a thing as a world language, English is one today. During less than 300 years English developed from a regional language to a global language. Today English constitutes the most widely used individual language with more than 300 million native speakers and more than 1.5 billion official users. In considering the future of English the following main aspects have to be considered. For example the role of the British Empire. Some sociolinguists expect a strong reaction against continuing the use of the English language as the language of the former colonial power and in favor of promoting the indigenous languages. That's one possibility. On the other hand the North American influence may increase. The United States has the largest percentage of native speakers of English and the country has been influential in many ways. It is more involved in modern developments than any other nation. It is in control of the digital revolution. Hence its dominance and the dominance of American English may even increase. The spread of English around the world could also have an important consequence. English will become more open to linguistic change with totally unpredictable results. The emergence of new varieties of English in territories where the language has taken root demonstrates this. These new Englishes are somewhat like the dialects we all recognize within our own country except that they are on an international scale applying to whole countries or regions. Well and in the future with many national Englishes little would change. People would still have their national dialects for use within their own country. However when the need came to communicate with people from other countries they would use a globally understandable form. A type of world standard spoken English. This standard already exists in its infancy though and it continues to develop especially through the use of the internet and modern mass media. Thereby international intelligibility is guaranteed while at the same time national identity is preserved. Well today English constitutes the most widely used language of our time. From a regional language that was by and large influenced by many other languages it has developed to the world's number one communication system. If you wish a global lingua franca and the influence on other languages is omnipresent. Thank you very much for your attention.


Hey everybody, my name is Micah Abbott, I work at Red Hat on the Red Hat Core OS project. I'm going to talk about Fedora Silver Glue. This is going to be a very general overview for folks who have never seen it before, never heard about it before. You should come away with a better idea of what it is, what kind of technologies go into it, and why it's better than Fedora Workstation in my opinion. So who's actually heard of Fedora Silver Glue for it? Who's actually using it? Okay, good, a couple of users. Some of the technology behind it are like OS tree and RPM ministry. Anybody use that? Heard of that? Containers, flat packs? Alright, great. So let's start with just the basics. What's Silver Glue? It's part of Fedora. It's officially recognized, officially supported by the Fedora community and the Fedora Project Council. It uses the same RPMs that Fedora produces for all their other distributions. Workstation and server and whatnot. It utilizes containers very heavily for sandboxing your applications off the host. Flat packs as well is a way to distribute your GUI applications in a container format. It's also an immutable host, and I'll get into a little more details about that. And it could be the future. I'm living the future right now just like Doc Emmet Brown is. So immutable host, I made up this quote by myself. It's where the OS is delivered in such a way where OS modification is not expected with an asterisk, because there are ways you can modify the OS, but generally it's treated as a mutable object. So in the server world, the immutable host has may have been referred to as, sort of, Cattles or the new Paradibus Elephants. They're disposable hosts. We can recreate them easily because it's a fixed image, delivered as an image or image-like format. Previously we've seen things like CentOS, Fedora, and Red Hat to Homocost, Container Linux from the CoreOS guys, and then Endless OS. Now why would we want this on the desktop? Well, having an immutable host, we gain things like better security because we can't easily touch the actual OS bits on the host. In the case of Silverblue and other OS-tree-based systems, the way the OS is delivered is transactional, so you have safer upgrades. And I'll get into all these details in a little further along. So let's talk about how Silverblue is similar to Workstation. As I said earlier, they will share the same RPMs from Fedora Ecosystem, so you don't need any new special package format or anything. RPMs work just fine. You can install RPMs on Fedora Silverblue, slightly differently than you would on Workstation, and both can run containers and flatpacks. Differences start to show up in the file system immutability. So on Silverblue, only VAR and ETC are writable. Why is this important? Well, here's an example of why a mutable slash user partition or part of the file system would be bad. This is a screenshot I grabbed from an installer for an NVIDIA driver, as I believe. There is a one character error, the space between slash user and slash lib. So it nukes your entire user partition, which is very bad. If you ran this script, again, Silverblue, it would just fail to run because slash user is immutable. Silverblue has a different upgrade mechanism than Workstation of support for atomic transactional updates via OS tree and RPM OS tree. And during this upgrade process, your running system is not touched. So if something goes wrong, your existing deployment is still functional and you don't have to reboot to try to bail out of the error. It's really so rugged that you can actually pull the power on a Silverblue host and you can recover just by rebooting. The trade-off being that to get into your upgraded version of the OS, you do need to reboot the host. Why is this good? Well, here's another screenshot I grabbed off Adam Williamson. He's his blog. He's a Fedora QE engineer. And he talks about how in, I think it was, yeah, Fedora 24 release, there was an upgrade DNF problem where if you had a certain hybrid GPU on your system and you upgraded from the desktop, it would crash X and then you wouldn't be able to get back into your X session. That kind of shows how when upgrades are touching your running system, bad things can happen. The upgrades are also delivered differently. So Workstation uses RPMs. If you've ever done a DNF upgrade, you know that it's just pulling down RPMs from your DNF repo. Silverblue delivers the upgrades and the OS itself via OS tree commits. And like I said earlier, both can install packages as RPMs. So Silverblue sort of threads a needle between both of those in terms of it can support RPMs, but mostly OS is delivered through an OS tree commit. So what is OS tree? An RPM OS tree. So OS tree can be simplified as get for an operating system or get for a file system. You can basically, you can write out a file system, check it into an OS tree repo, and then check out that commit in a new file system tree somewhere. The files are checked, some are tracked in a content addressable object store, deduplicate it through hard links. It also handles the bootlet configuration and management of slash ETC when you're doing upgrades. So if you have one version of a config file at ETC and there's a new version coming in, as well as modifications you made, there's a three-way merge process that happens, so everything is happy. So RPM OS tree from the documentation is hybrid image package system. It uses lib OS tree under the covers to track the RPMs that are going into the compose. The RPMs are consumed on the server side when you're making the OS tree commit, the OS tree compose, and then on the client side as well when you want to install packages. RPM OS tree is also a CLI binary, so that is the primary entry point for how you would manage your OS. I'll show you some live demos in a little bit. We'll start with this one. So RPM OS tree status, that will give you the status of the RPM OS tree daemon, whether or not you have automatic upgrades configured, information about the deployment like versions, commit checksums, GPG signatures, and I can also report security advisories that have been fixed in a new version. So, here we go, let's do it live. So, everybody see that? So there's, I have, this is a VM. I've got booted up on my system. Everybody see that okay? Big air please? Say when. Thanks, thanks Dan. Put on your glasses. So this is a, like I said, a VM that I booted. It has a single deployment. It's got an old version of silver blue. It's from August 2nd. You can see there's a commit sum attached to it. It's been signed. The commit itself has been signed by the Fedora release key. If I upgrade, hopefully this works, we'll see that it's pulling down the new file objects from the commit, writing them into the new deployment. My running system is still perfectly functional. If I want to, I could hard reset the VM right now, but I'm not, I don't want to live dangerously right now. And afterwards, it prints out a big summary of all the packages that changed, what have been upgraded. Any packages that have been added or removed are even downgraded. If we do rp-missory-status-a, we should see, oh right, I don't have package layers. That's why I wanted it. Well, if I had prepped this demo correctly, you would have seen all the CVs that got fixed in this new version. So, dang, that's it. But as you can see, the dot here on the bottom one, let me bring it up a little bit, indicates this is the version I'm still booted into. The new version is staged at the top. That's the next one I'll reboot into. So if I just do boot process, VM is doing, looks like a normal Fedora install. There's nothing special about it, like I said. It still uses, I mean, we still install via Anaconda. We have ISOs that install, just fine. It uses the same GNOME interface. I'm just using the CLI, since it's easier to demonstrate right now. Now you can see I booted into the new version, and everything works fine. So, back to the slides. So I showed you upgrade. During the upgrade process, you can actually combine package layering operations. Package layering is what we refer to, is when you're installing a package on top of the base OS, or removing packages from the base OS, or overriding packages, and I'll show you those commands as well. I showed you how the system is left unchanged. You remain in the old boot, the old deployment until you reboot. What if the upgrade is bad? So if I want to go back to the previous version, for some reason, I can just use RPMO Street Rollback, reorder the boot entries, and when I reboot, I get into the previous version. It'll actually print out the differences as well. If for some reason you can't get to RPMO Street Rollback, but you can access the grub menu, you can just pick the old version in the grub menu, and try to recover from that point. So, since I promised you a demo, we're just going to do a rollback. It shows that we're moving back to the previous commit. On the system, prints out the changes, so you can see the packages that were added have been removed, packages that were previously upgraded have been downgraded. I'm just going to move along, so I don't run out of time. One of the cool things about RPMO Street is that you can actually switch major versions. So if you're in the workstation scenario, when you want to go from Fedora 30 to Fedora 31, or 28 to 29, et cetera, it's like a DNF system upgrade, whatever the command is. I haven't used it in such a long time. Here we use a rebase operation. It has similar mechanics. It's checking out the new deployment, doesn't touch your running system, it's completely safe, allows you to test and reproduce issues on older versions. So if I'm running Fedora 30, but someone's, for some reason, is using Fedora 29, I could actually boot into Fedora 29, maybe test out that package, test out that bug. I could also change out the entire OS. So if you want to really live dangerously and switch from Fedora Fedora solar blue and run, say, CentOS atomic host, because they're both OS rebase systems, we can support this. This one's going to take, this one could take some time. So I have an OS remote configured on my host. I'm trying to, I want to show you how I'm going to use CentOS's deployment. So I've queried the OS remote. You can see I have the silver blue ref spec and an atomic host ref spec. So I can do pseudo, European OS tree. That commit signed by the CentOS GBG key. So I missed that part of the demo as well. This is not really going the way I want it to. Okay. Well, deal with it. Package layering. So in my opinion, package layering is sort of like the last resort. You want to try to package your applications in containers or flat packs. However, there are cases where you can't do that. Like, for example, libvert you want to have on the host because it's in the host extension. PSC might, I think is a card reading program for key cards, but I haven't used it. So when you do this, the package, package layering operations actually creates an OS tree commit that has the changes based on the base OS commit that you have that you're running currently. You can override base packages as well with RPEMOS tree override, remove or replace, and any changes you make to that base OS through package laying operations are also tracked and can be upgraded during the upgrade process. So install and uninstall, extendings the OS, replace and remove to modify the base OS. Let's try another demo and see how it goes. I'm going to use something simple. Just install a JQ. So what it's doing is it's actually creating a new tree. It's going to get the same metadata we get from DNF Repos on Fedora Workstation, and then download that RPEM and install it as part of this package layering operation. Of course, the slowest part is getting metadata because there's a ton of it to be forever, so I'm just going to try and move forward. We can come back to that in a little bit. So containers, container tools, another big part of Silverblue, if you haven't heard, containers are Linux. This is something that Red Hat's been drumming, making noise with their drum boat except for jails and zones. They have T-shirts, exactly. You might have seen some T-shirts around here. So they use C groups. If you're familiar with containers, should I run through the basics of containers? You don't know anything? Oh, Antonia, I feel so bad for you. The new tools that we have, because we're moving away from Docker thanks to Dan's hard work and his team. If you've been at Dan Walsh's talks, as you can see here, it's probably old news because he's covered it all. We've got buildup, podman, scopio. We used build to build our container images, podman to run and manage our containers, as well as pods. Scopio we can use to inspect our remote registries, copy container ranges between different storage formats. And the new thing is Toolbox, which is a small shell program that is included with Silverblue, which allows you to create a compact container where you can install your tools that you use on day to day. So think of it as a place where you can install your development libraries, your development tools, GCC, all that kind of stuff. And it sticks around with the host unless you want to create a new one. So this presents a new option for container developers where podman's a little more attractive than Docker. So if you've been at Dan's talks, or any of the container teams talks recently, build a you can build images using Docker files, you can shell script it to install packages into a mounted container that supports the different OCI formats. I'm going to go right back to this VM to see if it actually worked. Yeah, it did. So going back to the package layering operation you can see the output, the result. It downloaded the packages and installed it, ran the scripts safely in the background and we have the two packages added. When we inspect the output of our PNL3 status, you can see that running system is still unchanged. If I try to do JQ right now it's not there. We have a layered package entry now showing that JQ is installed in the new deployment. So in order to get access to that, I have to reboot. It's part of the trade-off. Then stick with Fedora Workstation. More container tools. If you were to do one of these upgrades, would you have to then re-add the JQ back in it? No. So the question was if we did an upgrade after I did the install of JQ, would I have to re-add JQ? No. That's tracked as part of the deployment. So when you upgrade the JQ package would follow along the upgrade and also be upgraded as well as upgrades available. Is that true or not? I'm sorry. You can install JQ and then after that if you upgrade, the next upgrade includes JQ. Does that include even if you don't reboot into the new image with JQ? Yes. So the question was would the layered package be upgraded even if you didn't reboot? If you did an RPM L3 upgrade that process brings in all the updates for the OS including any layered packages. Does that apply to the KBSP image you haven't yet rebooted? Right. So it would apply to let's go back into this for a second. Whoops. So now that I'm in this new deployment with JQ if I were to do another upgrade actually back this up. Actually we can do it. All right. So we're going to do an upgrade because I actually rolled back, I forgot. This will actually be able to show the CVs I think. So there's probably not an upgrade to JQ because it doesn't get upgraded very often. It's a pretty simple program, right? So in this case I still have the bits from the previous the upgraded deployment on the host so it didn't have to fetch the data from the network. This is what I wanted to show earlier. So you can see now the new deployment I have pending it lists out all the security advisories that were fixed in this deployment and the packages that were assigned to the CV numbers the package versions. So it's very helpful if you're security minded and you want to delay rebooting for what a reason maybe you don't want to you don't feel you need to take that upgrade update right away. Very cool trick that RPM's most has learned I think. So pardon me again it's basically a drop-in replacement for the Docker CLI to do an alias Docker equals podman 99% Dan 98% Is it paying attention? No. A lot of the Docker CLI commands are replicated in podman so you probably wouldn't know the difference.  You can also do rootless or unprivileged containers. As a regular user you can run containers using podman. Scopio I use it mostly for inspecting registries like I have a if I want to look at which tag is what the SHA256 digest for a tag is I can go and inspect the registry and get that kind of information. Or if I could actually copy if you saw Sally in the Rashi's demo earlier this morning they showed copying from the Docker daemon on your host to the podman container storage so it's helpful to copy existing images between the two container storages. The toolbox I mentioned earlier creates a mutable container for installing death tools or any package on your host that runs rootless so you don't have to use sudo and automatically mounts in your home directory so let's try to do that. So the way I do that I do toolbox create and place along so it's going to it defaults to Fedora toolbox container but you can specify any base image for your containers you could have one for Node.js you could have one for NPM whatever the case may be or you can just have one big fat container that has all your tools included which is kind of the model I use rather than having multiple different containers to track Could you have toolbox with a different container? Yeah, you could do in theory I don't know if this I don't believe the toolbox supports the different distros right now it's very Fedora specific but in theory it could be done pull requests are welcome. Flaphacks are the other side of the container story for Silverblue it provides a way to containerize your GUI applications because the LCI containers I just talked about with all those tools are good for command line tools like JQ for example S3 is GCC that kind of stuff but if you want to containerize a GUI it gets a little gnarly unless you're Jesse Frizzle and have a bunch of daughter files that does all that for you so it Flaphacks actually uses LIBO history as well to store the data for the run times required to run the GUIs and the apps themselves on the disk uses bubble wrap for unprivileged users can talk to D-Bus and SystemD apps are distributed via the OCI image format or through OS tree repos as well and this kind of opens up the distribution model a little bit more where you can just distribute a single Flaphack with all the different dependencies to a different to a Flaphack repo and then the Ubuntu guys can run it the Arch guys can run it the Fedora guys can run it for ladies or guys I want to be inclusive but it takes the container story to the next level for GUI apps so going back to Toolbox for a second I've got the Fedora Toolbox container created to go into it simple as that and this is just doing normal enough stuff inside a container this is no big deal let's go to the actual GUI part of it and we're going to see if I'm going to try to install Flaphack and hopefully the network cooperates so some of those ships Firefox as part of the host we could we're waiting for the Firefox Flaphack to mature before we take Firefox completely out of the host because we've had instances where we've removed certain applications from the host that had Flaphacks and people complain because they expect them to be there by default the most popular Flaphack Flaphack repo is called Flathub has anybody used Flaphacks or Flathub before? a couple of people so similar to the way we have our PMOS tree has an OS tree repo for getting its data we need to install a Flaphack OS tree repo on our host probably could have done this ahead of time but now you get to the pain I feel so one thing I didn't mention is that if you use GNOME we have the GNOME software capability and GNOME software understands Flaphacks and understands RPM OS tree the support for RPM OS tree isn't the greatest as well as Flaphack there are some rough edges you may hit errors if you go through the GNOME software route but each release gets better and we hope it to be completely seamless before we turn it over as like the potential default replacement for Fedora Workstation so in the background you saw the DNF install of S-Trace completed in the toolbox exit the toolbox and then go back in S-Trace is there if I look at my home directory it's the same thing as in the home directory in the host I'll exit out the same stuff pretty handy way to move away from installing your development tools and libraries on your host and keep them containerized so we've got a Flaphack installed to on this VM if I can make this bigger for you so flat so we use Flaphack search let's say Spotify for example I know that's or I can just go to the Flaphack so Flaphack install I've got this Spotify client oops too many so it's going to ask for necessary commissions to install it do you want the run times yeah of course I do do I want to do all this of course yes I want to listen to music on Spotify so now it's going to pull down the different run times you've got the platform which is basically the core of it the core of the library is required to run these GUI applications from free desktop some codecs localization files we're going to let that run while I keep going forward before I run out of time that's a whirlwind tour through all the technology if you haven't been paying attention to SolarBlue lately we've had some nice improvements to the experience before we had a limitation where you couldn't install software that was installing to slash opt namely Google Chrome is one of the big requests that we had like why can't I install Google Chrome I don't want to use Chromium thankfully Alex Larson stepped in via RPM OS 3 and now we can install Google Chrome to slash opt not all the software is going to work but Google Chrome is at least unblocked we also have support for NVIDIA drivers so if you have those hyper-forms GPUs for running games and whatnot or machine learning tasks whatever the case may be we have support for installing those as well which kind of unlocks another use case of the workstation from the GNOME team at Red Hat who was responsible for both those changes so thank goodness for him going forward we want to enable automatic OS upgrades by default I forgot to show you that but it's an easy one line fix to a config file when automatic upgrades are enabled on these RPM OS 3 systems the upgrades are downloaded in the background and staged and then you can choose to reboot into them whenever you want it happens just without even you knowing it's a little system deservice it's great we want to install more flat packs out of the box we weren't able to do that up till now because Fedora didn't have a flat pack registry we're starting to see more flat packs be produced by Fedora so we'll be able to enable the Fedora flat pack registry on new installs users will be able to install flat packs we can't distribute flathug because of probably legal reasons and there's been talk of making silver blue default workstation choice it's very contentious if one fan back there thank you very contentious because some people are really want to hold on to the DNF workflow because they love it so much but the I mean if you've ever done a DNF upgrade and it's gone south in the middle of it and you're left with a system that's broken our PM ministry is the thing you are looking for so maybe I don't know 31 is not going to be the default for workstation but maybe in a couple years we'll be at a place where we can do that the other development we're starting to talk about is building silver blue through a new tool that has been developed for building Fedora CoreOS and Red Hat CoreOS called CoreOS Assembler it's essentially a wrapper around our PM ministry a number of tools basically to produce a OS using the OS reformat Colin Walther is one of the key contributors the architect of OS tree and our PM ministry he's been hacking on this trying to get us to a point where we can use CoreOS similar to build any our PM OS tree based OS so that'll be pretty cool if that happens then of course like improving the documentation and growing the community our documentation is a little lacking right now we could use more help in that area for sure and then just growing the community getting more users on board trying it out reporting problems you can do that through here we have a great discourse forum that's up and running we have docs that are like I said need updating we have an issue tracker on github for reporting issues and we have a twitter handle for tweeting problems to us or suggestions whatever thanks for coming to my diffcom talk you can get in touch with me at twitter or an email via those things there so questions you serve in the back running it on my laptop at home on my kids laptop, fantastic brilliant everyone should use it a couple of things I think there's still room to improve the availability of flat packs things like there's no tool browser and that's an important thing for lots of people who are an open source and things like numtweak tool doesn't run which means you can't restore sessions or you can't have start up it's things like that it's not fully usable yet and I encourage people to use it but it's a fantastic piece of work and keep doing it thank you thank you for the feedback I agree the flat pack there are those rough edges that we need to polish off and make it a little more usable we need to be able to give it to not a developer basically not someone who's willing to dig into the journal and figure out problems and say oh do you want to install Spotify well just go through numtweak search Spotify and install it and you're good to go so we have usability improvements for sure anything else Neil so this looks quite interesting and it seems to have advanced a fair bit in my attempt to use it and it kind of stalled out on installation so that's good but I know it's not my bag are you looking to like collaborate with some of the other desktop groups within Fedora to see if we can get some interesting flavors made like for example KDE using Wayland with this because with this new model it's a lot easier to experiment with that kind of thing or trying out Mate with their new experimental Mirko which is also Wayland and things like that giving people an opportunity to try the new tech with the kind of desktops they like in the brave new world of maybe secure so Neil's question was I'm not a known user how do I use additional or different desktop environments basically so there's two ways you can actually just pack an RPM OS to reinstall KDE or whatever on top of the existing Silverblue installation and then at boot choose which desktop environment you want to go clearly that's not the optimized path there's a community member who maintains his own OS to repose of a KDE version XFCE deep in a number of different desktop environments I3 I think so it's possible to rip out all the GNOME stuff and put in a new desktop environment and have it work I also would love to see a different spin of Silverblue for the users who want a different desktop environment I don't know of any official talks that have happened in that regard but it's certainly possible we have the community to support behind it maybe we just need to have the right people to make it happen but yeah so the answer is kind of someone else I've not used Silverblue yet but I've been using flatpacks on regular fedora and one thing I've noticed when like installing some of the audio recording and music notation software many of them depend on KDE dependencies and some of the things I noticed were it was using up a lot of disk space because different programs were downloading different versions of the different KDE dependencies so is that just like good distro version hygiene that just hasn't happened because it's not a concerted distro wide effort yet or would that be an ongoing problem where maybe developers are not updating to the latest version of libraries and so we end up with a lot of extra different versions of everything so the question was basically like what do we do about flat pack flat pack bloat where different flat packs are installing different versions of the same supporting libraries I would say that it's probably best solved by right now it's probably best solved by the individual flat pack owners so whatever sound recording software you were talking about they need to stay as up to date as possible as long as well as all the other flat packs like I really don't have a good answer for that but it's a I understand the problem I understand the problem there there's somebody on the forums who's just complaining about how this is like no flat packs are no different than if you're installed a game from the steam store then on windows they install all these different DLLs versions for the same libraries but because it's they've been versioned differently you have to install them so it's a similar problem I'm not sure we have a good solution for that right now Dan? So Toolbox is really cool from a developer point of view but a lot of times I might be setting up a service to run out of the system D as system D become aware of what's going on with Toolbox yet but I set up a container image that at boot time would start a service inside of my container So Dan asked can I set up a system D service to start a Toolbox container is that a good summary? Yeah, more complex than that though I want to install Apache inside of my Toolbox as root as you were showing and I want at boot time I'm going to enable that system service and then have Apache come in and have that service So Dan wants a system D service to start a Toolbox which also has Apache inside of it and that service is started as well when the container starts Wouldn't you just use a regular OCI container for that? Well no because I wouldn't have Apache installed in my system so I have to install Apache inside of a container and then I need to I just I mean my normal workflow would be to bottom line is is system D starting to look how they can interact better with sort of this new silver blue type environment where people are installing software inside of containers So what Dan really wants to know is has system D become aware of how we're doing how silver blue is handling user containers like Toolbox and to the best of my knowledge I don't know of any new developments in that case Any other questions? This is probably more of a flat pack interoperability but I was running flat pack with open source graphical applications and one of the things they couldn't do they would try unsuccessfully like you were working on an object and you could open it you know there's like a right click and open it in another open source image editor and on a normal DNF system that works great but in a flat pack system because they're launched differently however they were launching it it fails. The question is basically let's see if I can summarize this when you're using flat packs it's hard for the flat packs to communicate with each other essentially right so trying to launch trying to trigger an event from one flat pack to another it just is not not easily done right now flat pack does have support for what they call portals and that gives you access to basically opens up the flat pack with different permissions to talk to debuts for example or even different flat packs I believe or access you can even have a portal to access the file system itself so it seems technically feasible and I think as the flat packs are becoming more widely adopted and more understood in terms of how to package them we'll see more we'll see better integration in that regard right now it's more along the lines of taking whatever flat pack you have figuring out the right changes you need to make to that flat pack to open it up for access to other flat packs from the system and then running it that way this is one of those in terms of usability improvements like one that we have to keep surviving towards any other questions? this red hat is going to replace their CSB corporate desktops with Silverblow it's a tall order Dan I don't know that's above my I agree so Dan's pointing out this is a perfect corporate desktop because you don't need root you can install packages in your user space containers you have flat packs you can deliver updates at the cadence you want through your own custom there is a lot of benefit to using it using this method for question in the back you can yell and I can try to repeat it I have a question in this regards to the red hat I understand the red hat they have their own cloud system I don't know if I'm permitted to ask a question but if you understand about Amazon AWX everything is on cloud base but during my research I'm just trying to find out how is red hat trying to work with other cloud system so you can access other cloud systems like Microsoft, AWS true red hat because I think that's a big challenge right now so I'm just really thinking I'm just kind of imagining what is red hat really doing about it since I'm really trying to take the certification the question is how is red hat working with other cloud providers besides AWS man that's way above my pre grade I don't know I know for example on the open shift side we have support for AWS we're working to support other cloud providers such as Azure and GCP Terry sounds like he's going to answer this question for you I might be able to help a little in terms of like something like this like silver blue desktop experience or general so at the risk of stealing their thunder for this topic we could talk outside but we have tons of teams working with all of the cloud partners we have a certified cloud partnership and we have a ton of management tooling and certification efforts to support all of the clouds so we can talk more later any other questions? the server side? so the question is where is the server side for this well this was actually birthed out of atomic host so red hat and fedora and centOS had a server version of it called atomic host used the same infrastructure technology industry and rpm industry it never really took off as well as much as we wanted to now what we're doing is we're using that same technology to provide a mutable host in a server format for open shift so open shift 4 uses rel core os as the default os the only os actually supported for all the masters and the control plane other than that red hat does not have a rel 8 based offering using rpm os there is a rel 7 version of atomic host which uses rpm os but given that rel 8 has been released rel 7 is not long for this world anything else? up till now i have been using my desktop as partly server running live word and other things how do you see that happening once we go here do you suggest that we have a dedicated desktop which runs silver blue and a federal server version somewhere else doing the desktop server things or the intention is to run live word and other things also so how do you run live word on silver blue essentially all you have to do is package layer it install the live word packages and you can still interact on the host level use vert install to install images this laptop right now is running silver blue and i'm running so i've got vert manager right here got a couple of vms in verse right now so it just works going once thanks for coming guys and ladies