Hey Virgo, welcome back to the channel. Let's see what's going on in another episode of your love life, your wonderful, amazing life. If you are new, please smash that like button and do subscribe to the channel. You can also become a member of my channel and also want to welcome Martha, Carnado, Bruce, Payette, Cal. Sorry if I don't say your last name correctly. Danielle Joyce, welcome. Thank you for becoming a member. Alright you guys and Don Ricky. Okay, so let's get into this reading and if you want to get a personal reading, the link is in the description box below. Okay Virgo, so you've got clock, not today, and you've got a date. Okay Virgo, what's going on here? Okay Virgo, need time, taking time, like remember my cousin Vinnie when, I forget her name in the show, but Marissa Tomei, she was stamping her foot, her clock is ticking, her biological clock is ticking, her clock is ticking. So I feel like this is a message, like you might feel like either you need some time to think about something in March or something's taking time or someone's taking time or someone's in it. Like there's something here about, you know, the clock keeps ticking, bottom line, the ends are moving, time waits for no one, and it won't wait for me. What is that from? The Rolling Stones? Okay, so maybe you're taking time to heal. Alright, let's take a look and see what are the messages. Well you know what, I'm just gonna keep going because I feel like you're not dealing with someone. Maybe you're, maybe some of you are like, no, you're out of time, time's up, that's it. And somebody definitely wants to date you, it kind of feels like maybe you want more and someone just wants to date.  And if that is kind of, I feel like there might be something here, like a continuation of yesterday's reading for some of you. So if you did not listen to yesterday's reading, definitely go check that out. Okay, so it looks like Virgo, the rest of March you're really just seeking to be on top here, seeking to be in a position of success, progress, to success. Okay, maybe you're looking for a winning type of relationship. Yeah, ten of pentacles. So I just get a sense like you want something that's solid and real. Leave some kind of a legacy maybe, that you got the tower. So you're done with something Virgo. This is what it looks like. I don't know if it's your approach. If it's a particular person, a particular relationship, you are, it looks like you're just not dealing with someone. You don't want to talk to someone. They've run out, maybe they've run out of time. Are you've run out of time with someone and you're moving forward here? Let me see. Now the tower can represent a Scorpio, well Mars energy. So I've got the Ace of Cups and the Page of Cups. Somebody could be reaching out to you to apologize or just wants to sweet talk you and that's why you're just kind of like, no, you don't want to talk to them. You're just done with it, perhaps. You want new love, you're ready for a new start. Now I know this is going to resonate for, it's not going to resonate for everybody. Wow, you're breaking out of the tower. So if you've been like locked up in a tower, if you felt like it, obviously we hope not, but like not really. But if you've been, and we have Leo energy here, if you feel like you've been, you're breaking out Virgo. This is what it looks like. You're breaking out, going into some type of new energy. I feel like you just don't want to be bothered with somebody. Who is this? Or the energy of non-progressive type of anything, relationships, career, anything that isn't going to have growth and move forward or at least bring a place of stability, because that's what you're looking for here. Somebody, like you're done with all the bread crumbing. If you feel like you've had bread crumbing from others, you're just like, nah, I don't have time for this. Let's see. All right. So this could be a connection with an earth sign, a king of pentacles, masculine or feminine. Capricorn, Virgo, Taurus. Okay. Wow. Virgo, yeah, you're so breaking out and going to start dating.  If you have been in that situation, then you need to come out of the clouds and get real with yourself. But as far as someone that you may have been involved with, where it's just long stop dating and it's not progressing into anything tangible, it looks like Virgo, you're making this lifestyle change for yourself. Okay. You're breaking out of this dark, hidden, you're like escaping, getting out into the light into the sun and getting yourself like you're going after what you want, making changes and you're moving pretty quick. This just gives me an energy of like, you know, someone blowing the roof off the house, and then the sun can get in, light can get in, and then, you know, it's time to go. That's kind of what I feel like that energy is there. It's go time. It feels like it's go time for you. And it feels like somebody is reaching out to you in March or the rest of the remaining month, trying to talk to you, a little bit of sweet talk, could have something to do with relationship or a home, okay, a home or a living situation. I don't feel like that, I don't feel like the person is, I mean, they're a serious person, but I don't feel like their communication with you is serious. I feel like their communication with you is going to be pretty much like, like just sweet nothings kind of thing. And that might be why you just aren't listening to this with this night, not today card. Just feel like you're kind of hanging up the phone, avoiding talking to someone. I don't know if you're, if you feel hurt, putting up some boundaries. I don't know if you feel angry, you might, you're avoiding somebody here, you're not dealing with this. So it looks like you're moving on. Yeah, your clock's ticking. Don't have much time left on this earth. If somebody wants to be with you, they got to come in with not just like the Knight of Pentacles, but like with the Lovers. Yeah, so I feel like this person is hymn and hawn, really. They haven't decided. They like, they like the emotional roller coaster. I don't know what that means. They like the ups and downs, the highs and lows. This person struggles to be stable, even though it's the Knight of Pentacles, or the King of Pentacles. They might be stable in other areas of their lives, but when it comes to romance, they're not real, they're kind of like, what's that? Maybe they have like some, I don't know, like some bipolar energy or something. You know, like very up and down with the emotions. Okay, so that gives me impression here. Maybe that's why, you know, the clock is ticking and you're trying to be in a better position. You don't want to be breadcrumbs. You don't want to move forward with someone here in March. You're not talking.  Having that awakening, answering the call. Somebody calls you.  Yeah, that's kind of what I feel like is happening here, Virgo.  You're putting somebody maybe on the back burner. You might be juggling a little, but you're putting someone on the back burner because they're just coming in with some very light energy. They don't want to progress something here. I mean, like, they, it's not that they don't. I kind of feel like they do, but they're unsure. They're like, yeah, I guess I do or maybe I do. It's more of a maybe. It's kind of well maybe, which is, you know, maybe is, that's kind of like a limbo scenario here. Okay. Yeah, you're looking for that four of wands. That's what you're accepting in your life with someone. Perhaps even marriage or, you know, maybe somebody close to where you live. There could be somebody showing up who's close to where you live or close to your family that you might accept a date from. So got the night, I'm sorry, the queen of cups in the page of swords. You know, you guys, I just did my nails and like, I inhaled all this, all these fumes. So I'm like a little spacey right now. The queen of cups, the page of swords. So there's a, there's a queen of cups, masculine or feminine, cancer, Scorpio Pisces, very curious about you, watching, seeking. Let's see, what else can you tell Virgo, Spira about this? Hmm. Very focused on you, Virgo. Very focused. Now, if you're involved with this person, you may not be accepting other dates from others, or you might be meeting this person. They could be somebody new, but they're secretly watching, they're secretly spying on you, trying to get some intel. And with the seven of wands, it feels like they're kind of pushing back on being defensive and like, like nobody can know. They're hiding, they're secretly, you know, secretly hiding, watching. What else is Virgo need to know for March? Okay. So you've got the emperor here. So we have Pisces, there's Aries, there could be somebody on the cusp of Pisces and Aries, and a queen of wands, fire sign. Okay, this person's showing up, somebody's showing up here as a boss, or someone who is in a position of authority, it could be a couple, or it could just be the energy. I'm also seeing somebody works for a huge company, or they're in a military position. Let's see. Oh, okay. Oh, so many waiting for you. Could be a fire sign waiting for you.   I don't know what exactly that means, but it could be literally or metaphorically waiting for you to arrive, or a couple waiting for you to arrive. So if you're going somewhere, or you're thinking about going somewhere, those people are waiting to receive you or one person, or wondering when you're going to be coming to visit, waiting for something to end, or what maybe when you'll be available. Okay, now you've got the king of cups. King, there's a king of cups who there's a friendship with a king of cups, Cancer Scorpio Pisces here. That is, would like to go from friends to lovers. Okay, there's an understanding between you and a water sign here. I'm seeing now, not letting you go. But may also be blocking. Oh, there's a possessive energy from a king of cups. Yeah. So I don't know if it's that Queen of Cups that's watching you, or it's it might be the same. Okay, so yeah, they're they want to talk to you. This King of Cups, they think that you guys have like you're on the same page. You there's an understanding guys have a really good connection. But there there's okay. But yeah, seven of cups with the devil. So this person has like a fantasy thing going on when it comes to you. They're very obsessed, possessive, physically attracted, feel chained to you. Did you ghost them? Or you might be or they see you in their dreams or they dream about the physical pleasure with you. Oh, this reading is getting weird. Feels like it's several different messages. So you'll just have to like pick and choose what fits you. Capricorn showing up here too. Anything else that Virgo needs to know? Okay, someone's really hesitant about relocating or moving or traveling as well. Been down this road before been burnt, burnt bridges. Somebody's hesitant because of getting hurt. Maybe been hurt before. That's the wounded warrior. What else does Virgo need to know here for March? Oh, we're gonna need to think about something. Virgo, Virgo, what is your what is your greatest wish? I feel like if somebody asked you, Virgo, what do you want? If you can have like a genie in a bottle, and you could get three wishes, what would be your first three? What would be your most important three wishes? What would you want most? You mean maybe that's a lesson and some practice and writing that down. What are your three main things that if you could just snap your fingers, rub the genie bottle and they came to you? What would they be? And I feel like that's really just might help you put things into prior like prioritize what's most important to you. And then start working on those because obviously genie bottles don't exist. But you never know. This feels mostly like with the hermit is like reflecting on what's most important to you. Some of you just want more money. Some of you want that hot passionate affair with someone. Some of you want your dreams and visions to materialize to be able to see an income coming from your dreams, your visions, the things that you you want them to materialize. Okay, any more messages for Virgo here for the month of March? All right, everything in moderation Virgo. Okay, new beginning will definitely calm growth is already happening. If you go outside and you look in your garden and you see a sapling, that's a terrific sign that growth is things are beginning to happen. Any healing that you've done or that you're doing, your spirit will be renewed with growth as long as your patient and take it in moderation and just wait for that to start happening. You're on the right path for growth. And there you are, queen of pentacles. Okay, so this is really just be in your core, be in your element Virgo. Be honest with yourself, truthful with yourself. Take a look at your finances. Whatever you know, reach for the stars. Reach for the stars from Woody Toy Story. Did he say that? Reach for the stars. Somebody said that. Okay. Yeah, take a revisit to your past. That's fine. You can revisit your past. Just don't dwell in it. Don't dwell in your past. You may have a reconciliation happening with someone from your past as well. In March, the rest of March and even going into April. Let me see here. Yeah, there will be a communication from someone from your past. It could be a fire sign. It could be a child or a sibling. It could be someone just from a long time ago. This is good communication, good news, positive messages coming from someone from your past in March and these fumes, I'll tell you what. All right, let's see. What other messages? Okay, yeah, you've got friendship. There is a friendship that will lead to more. That's going to happen in March. Spiritual lesson.  Okay, okay. Any rejection is actually divine protection. So if you're feeling any kind of rejection, currently right now from whenever, that you're actually being protected. So turn that around. There's nothing wrong with you. It's a form of protection from something. Okay, for something better, self care, clear your energy field and focus on yourself before acting. Yeah, this is being proactive. This is, this isn't clear your energy field and focus on yourself before reacting. I mean, it could be, but you'd ever want to be in a reactive state, you want to be in an active state. The only time you, I guess, you could be reactive, like if a piano is falling from the top of a building and you happen to spot it before it hits the ground, the best case is not to stop and act as cases to like react and get away. If you're in a dangerous situation, I think probably reacting to that to get away from that is good. But if you're not, think before you act and that's part of your self care is kind of like, take a few breaths, pause and think about what you want to say, or how you want to move forward with something, you're allowed to do that. And there's a relationship that someone feels deserves another a second chance. Okay, so you will experience that you might even think about if you want to give someone another chance. Okay. Now, I know you've got not today. So I do feel like in the month of March, you're just not dealing. So maybe later, you might want to give something a chance or mean you might just decide just because they just think it deserves a second chance doesn't mean it does. Okay, so you'll have a lot on your plate here in March. I can't believe today is only Tuesday. Is it Tuesday late? What day is it? Yeah, Tuesday going into Wednesday. Okay, you have society say yes to all the wonderful invitations coming your way. Excellent networking opportunities and new love interests for singles will be the result. Cool. Yeah, there is there is a date coming up for someone new for some new singles meaning someone new. A friend need your help your kindness and excellent counseling skills will put them back on track. So friendship, a friend will be calling a major life change. Time is right for major life changes as a new lifestyle or location brings great joy and a trouble free experience. And you have the night of swords there, which is all about a lifestyle change. I do feel like a lot of you are changing some things up whether that's moving, relocating, starting on a new foot in every and or any area of your life. The time is now, especially with spring being here. For those of you in the Northern Hemisphere, and of course, I guess some of you are getting, you know, going into fall. So whatever the situation, the season is changing. And so now I feel like it's time to go with the changes. Go with the changes. What's that song? Keep on rolling. Keep on rolling. Mario Speedwagon, I think. Okay, let's see what your other messages might be. Okay, some of you are going through a divorce. We're experiencing a breakup or breaking up with someone. Could be a fire sign areas Leo Sagittarius. Some of you this actually came in reverse. So some of you might not be there might be a changed mind about going through a divorce or a breakup, fireside. You might find out about this. In March, there might have been somebody else in their life, or if you had a relationship. And they were and there was like somebody else in the situation. It looks like they're getting rid of that person. Okay, narcissist in the reverse. That's interesting. I feel like it is just to tell you that the person that you think is a narcissist is not doesn't mean they're not selfish. Okay, but they're they're not DSM narc. They're not like a full blown narcissist. They're just immature and selfish. Now, if you know, like somebody you know has had an actual diagnosis, then disregard what I say. But if you're wondering, I feel like somebody isn't that way, they might just, like I said, be high on the selfish spectrum. Okay, what else is there gonna need to know here? Oh, somebody's getting a new pet or a new puppy, or giving a current pet more love. Okay. I like that. Some of you just love your fur babies. I know. I know you love your fur babies. Okay. Oh, is there a mercury retrograde coming up? I'm not sure. But the mercury retrograde card has just shown up. So you know what, you guys, let me just check because if you if there was a mercury retrograde situation that you went through, where something happened, I feel like it has something it had something to do with the retrograde. Okay, let's see. Let me just double check. Oh, April 1st to April 24th, which means that the end of March will be the pre shadow phase. Got it. Okay. So prepare yourselves for the mercury retrograde. Oh, yeah, there could be people coming back. That you need to let go of or that you have let go of. Some of you need to pay attention to that. I feel like there is because there was a reconciliation card. And also say no to gambling problems with addiction gambling or bad finances. Say no. Just say no. Okay, I'm gonna leave those there. And then we're gonna move on to I want to see what your Chinese sign is. Show the burger who's listening. If this reading is more specific to them, show them their Chinese sign.  Okay. So if I didn't call your Chinese sign, that doesn't mean it's the reading is not for you. It's just more specifically to those who are listening. Alright, so query is just showing up here. Someone's born in May. Someone is 53. August 26. Someone is 38. Someone is 44. Keep on roll. September 8. Initial T initial I someone is 55. Someone is born in 88. Okay, we got a T again. TT someone is 35. QT cutie like a cutie. Someone called you cutie. You call somebody cutie. Someone's in LA or Los Angeles. Someone's in Quebec. Someone's in Maryland 1986. TIT someone likes your TITS. Okay, September 15, August 31, again, September 22, 63, 70, September 6. Okay, I just heard Albuquerque, and I just heard Akron, and Montreal. I want to get all this Canada stuff. Letter J 1976. Okay, someone's in Georgia. Somebody getting their GED. Someone's Italian. They're saying Edmonton and Erie. Erie, Pennsylvania. Okay, hold on a second. Oh, the letter D someone's name is Edward or Ed. Ed or Jed got the letter A. The same starts with an A. Okay, let's let's get a couple of more zodiac signs who you're dealing with. So Aquarius, Leo, Capricorn and Sagittarius. Taurus, Leo, Virgo, Capricorn. Pisces, Libra, Libra, Gemini. Gemini is always here. I feel like Gemini just comes here to visit like we don't even know what's going on. What's up Gemini? If you're a Gemini son with some Virgo in your chart, welcome to the Virgo channel. Okay, let's get some charms. All right, that's cute. Well, this is cute for the spring of course. For those of you in the going through the spring season, we have a Easter, like a bunny, bunny rabbit with a little pearl. So yeah, bunny rabbit is significant, obviously going into the spring. Also, something might be happening around the Easter holiday, which if you celebrate Easter, that's March 31. So that's the end of the month. Hmm. And also, oh, look, it's an avocado. Are you eating avocado right now? Are you like avocado? Also, this rabbit can represent the year of the rabbit. Someone that you know, born in the year of a rabbit, significant to you.  All right, what else does Virgo Oh, what's this? Okay, I'm just gonna give you one more charm. So you have a parrot. I think it's a parrot. No, is that a parrot? Yeah, there's a parrot on a perch. Okay, someone's got an attachment to a parrot. If you have a parrot, leave me a comment. I just need to know. But there is. They just said unexpected communication coming in. But someone that you talk to Virgo or they communicate with is very scripted. They kind of say the same thing over and over again, like they're repetitive in their speech. They just have this, they just kind of, they talk, oh, they talk about certain topics all the time. Same kind of topics. They don't really veer too far from certain topics.  Maybe that's why you're hanging up the phone. I don't want to hear about this anymore. Or somebody just keeps giving you the same spiel. Yeah, there might be something along those lines. And you're kind of like, nah, just if it's a romantic relationship of some sort, you might be just done with it. I don't know, Virgo, gonna have to wait and see what you do or how things turn around. But I know these messages were kind of jumbled because I just felt like the the core of the message came out. And then I just wanted to see what else could come up that I could give you. So I'm gonna leave that there.  And yeah, if you want to get a personal reading, click on the link in the description box. Thanks for everyone buying the extended reading. I know some of you were very, very happy with that. So thank you so much. And you're very welcome. And yeah, gonna leave that there and I'll see you all back here tomorrow. All right. Hey, guys, thank you so much for watching my readings. If you'd like to get a personal reading, please feel free to click the link in the description box below to go ahead and follow that link and book you're reading. Please remember to book, subscribe, like, do all the great things.  Thank you. Bye.


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My favorite part of Christmas in Christ Chapel is people coming together to make something big. It is so many people. In the grand scheme of things, we're a small part of it, but just to be able to be a part of something at all like this is really incredible. Being a science major, you're kind of really involved in your science major friends. Like, I have a lot of friends who are like from my classes and stuff, and that's how most majors work is that you're friends with people who are in your classes. And so, along with being on the swim team, choir has kind of allowed me to branch out and get to know a lot of people from different majors, and like, that's super valuable. You make a lot of friends. I mean, there's not a single person in band who I wouldn't say I'm friends with. You just get to know these people and we're from all different majors. Like, most of these people, I probably haven't even taken a class in the same building as them, but at the end of the day, once 4.30pm rolls around, we're all best buds. We're all sitting down, we're all picking up our instruments, and we're all ready to work together to make something bigger than the sum of the parts. There's really nothing like being on stage with all these people sharing this moment.  It's just so amazing. I couldn't imagine having lived my life without this experience now.


Life is like this, mountains, trees, river, above all, rich soil, clean water, pure air to breathe and a beating heart and an exuberant sense of life within you. This is life, not what you think and what you make up in your emotional dramas.


My favorite topic here. So just a little backstory for me. I've been primarily in ketosis the majority of my adult lives. I'm 46 this year, so I'm not a young chicken anymore. And I have some wisdom and perspective on this. I can also tell you that being in ketosis is really important for people's long-term health. And people go, well, maybe you don't think it's for everybody or maybe you think you shouldn't be in ketosis all the time. Well, science and history will tell you otherwise. Our ancestors had been in ketosis nearly all of our existence. Prior to the last 100 years, we didn't consume a lot of carbohydrates or excessive amount. And we were more excessive amount of food or processed food. We woke up in ketosis very, very often every single day.  It was just very much a normal part of our everyday life to be at a high-level ketones in our system the majority of the year. So nothing about it is new at all. It's been studied over the last 100 years.  It's hard. It's hard to maintain. And the challenge is for me is that most people come nowadays, 100 years ago, 75 years ago, 50 years ago, people went to ketogenic diet for treatment for their health problems. Very effective for a lot of challenging health situations. So there's a lot of positives to it. But they didn't do it for weight loss. But now it's people want it for weight loss. And the reality is it's really good for weight loss. The problem is the diet's really hard to do and maintain. And a lot of people are emotionally and psychologically attached to food. So therefore they keep reverting back to their old lifestyle.  There isn't, that's not the recipe. The recipe is you have to actually learn how to change your previous lifestyle to a new one. And that takes time, takes practice. It takes toughness. It takes willingness, determination, tools, which I'll talk about some things that can make it easier to go through that journey and which is why we've helped so many people nowadays. And so a lot of people stop keto or they get on and off because they think they got the result. And then they go back to it and they go, wow, I felt so much better. But then it's like you're climbing a mountain again because getting started on keto takes three to five days to even get in ketosis for most people. Some people up to six weeks take six months to really dial the diet in so that you feel good while you're doing it. And that's tough for people to maintain. So for somebody that's done the diet for the majority of my adult life, after 15 years of being primarily in ketosis, I mean, I've fallen here and there, I'd stumbled, I made a lot of mistakes. I was like, I was sick of it. I was like, can I just do a good diet, a healthy diet now? I think a ketogenic diet is a good healthy diet if done properly and well formulated. But I wanted to have a little flexibility. I wanted to have a first baby and I'm like, I wanna go and have ice cream and not feel like I just wrecked everything. And now, get me wrong, I'm gonna have a little ice cream. I'm not a big sweet guy. After 15 years of no sugar and carbs, I don't really dig it anymore. I've learned a whole new lifestyle but I do want that flexibility. So what I did is I now drink ketones and what that does is it gives me the ability to have flexibility so I can stay in ketosis, not be perfect and then find my diet that I wanna live my life with. Find that journey and maintain this quality of life that I want and I'll tell you, I'm 46, I think I already said that. Most people my age don't look like they look a lot older than I do and I believe it has to do with ketones. It has to do with this lifestyle I'm choosing. I eat less carbs and sugars, am I perfect now? Do I drink my ketones when I'm a little bit less perfect? Yes, I drink more when I'm on vacation or on holiday because it protects me from going into that rabbit hole of going back to eating that stuff and then when I'm dialed into my diet, I use my ketones to keep my levels at a good therapeutic level and I don't fall off. I don't fall down, I enjoy and that to me is the secret to creating a whole new lifestyle and so if you're a person that's falling and on and off ketogenic diet, ask yourself what's your real goal? Is your real goal lose weight? What should never be anybody's real goal?  Which nobody thinks about and it drives me crazy. I have more videos about that everywhere.  Well, no, that's not the way it should be done. You should just move closer to being in that healthy and reward yourself for being happy that you made those big positive changes. Now maintain it, lose 30 pounds, now maintain it for two months, create a new life there and then go make another run at some more weight. That's way more effective way of doing and I know people don't wanna do it that way. They'd rather find the hard struggles. To me, people wanna climb a mountain, fall down the mountain and then try to climb it again and eventually you'd never climb it again. You never even try.  This is great.  So, y'all, if you're falling on and off the wagon, get tools, get support, be around the right team, the right community and have the right products. Obviously this is what I do. This is how I make my live in is I give people in ketosis and then I coach the heck out of them and teach them how to live a better life and not judge them for not being perfect because none of us are perfect and we're all describing to become the best version of ourselves and that's all I can ask for. So, y'all, if you need help, need support, reach back out to me and let me take care of you or let one of our teammates, whoever you're working with, take care of you and just commit to the journey and get ketones in your system. Cheers.


Um, so what I want to mention here is that if you were performing row operations to a matrix, how does that affect the determinant? So the three, the three operations we know about a replacement scaling and what happened here, uh, that should be our interchange right there. Whoops. The daisy, uh, so if we perform the replacement operation to a matrix, so that means we have, we have a row and we add a multiple of another row to it, how does that affect the determinant? And the cool thing is it does nothing. Nothing, nothing, nothing replacement is free. It doesn't cost anything to do a replacement matrix in terms of, uh, determinant calculations. And the basic reason is the following. Um, if you transformed A to get to B by doing a row operation, right? So if a multiple of one row of A is added to another row to produce a matrix B, then we're saying that B equals E times A where E is the elementary matrix associated to this replacement operation. Well, if you were to take the determinant of this thing, the determinant of B, this will equal the determinant of EA sports. Um, in which case then you get the determinant of E times the determinant of A. And so what is the determinant of E? Well, if you're doing a replacement row operation, uh, that means it's going to be either an upper or lower unit triangular matrix. You'll have ones along the diagonals, zeros on one side of the diagonal and zeros on the other side except for a single nonzero number. But as replacement matrices are triangular, their determinant is the product of their diagonals. And as their unit triangular, the term is going to equal one. And that's why it has no effect. Uh, you get the determinant of B is just one time determinant of A. Scaling is a little bit different.  Um, this scaling matrix, it's also triangular. Therefore, it's determinant will be the product of the diagonals, which will be a bunch of ones and a single C. And so what happens is that when you scale a matrix, you're going to multiply the determinant of A by C to get the other one. So one has to be a little bit cautious about this because we're going from A to B. Um, but what do you multiply the two? So let's say we're interested in the determinant of A. So we want the determinant of A, but we didn't row reduce. We do a scaling operation. If you want to find A, you have to kind of work this thing a little bit backwards. I guess what I'm trying to say is this thing, you typically will think of it as the determinant of A is equal to one over C times the determinant of B. So it's actually the inverse operation. Um, this was kind of like when we factored elementary matrices in the past. Um, you actually, whatever the raw operation you did, the inverse is the one that shows up in the factorization. Um, so you have to take a reciprocals. I will show you a trick using the multilinearity of the determinant and the forthcoming examples to help you avoid confusion. Should it, like if I scale by two, do I times determinant by two or one half? Turns out there's an easy trick one can do. And so I'll kind of show you how that works later on. And then the last one interchange. Well, if you interchange two rows, that affects the determinant by a factor of a negative one. And so again, this is backwards. If you want to switch to the determinant of A, you have to divide by negative one, which is the same thing as multiplying by negative one. So the good thing here is that when you switch the inverse multiplication by negative one does the exact same thing. So you don't have to worry about it. Um, when it, since replacements are free, um, there's no change to determine it. So if you forget to take the reciprocal, no bigs, no big deal right there, um, because it's free. This one right here is the problematic one. But like I said, if you use the multilinearity of the determinant, you can do it quite nicely. So I wanted to finish this lecture by doing a couple of examples of using row reduction to help us compute determinants, uh, because the cofactor expansion is, is very difficult for large matrices. So the basic idea is if we want to do this determinant here, uh, so just write down the numbers like you did before, uh, we're going to do row operations as if we were solving a system of linear equations and just remember the toll that you have to pay when you do a row operation. Okay. So the first thing here, notice, uh, that if you consider the pivot in the one, one position, if I was row reducing this, I would want to get zeros below this pivot. So I would take row two and add to it two times row one and I would take row three and add to it row one. So we're going to get plus two minus eight and plus four and then we're going to get plus one minus four and plus two. And so because we're doing, we just did two row replacements. Those have no consequence to the determinant. Therefore this matrix will be, I'm sorry, this determinant will be equal to the original one where we row reduced it. We get zero, zero, negative five. We get zero, three and two, um, after that step right there. And so if we were to continue to row reduce this thing, uh, the next elementary operation I would want to do is I'm going to, I'm going to interchange rows right here. Uh, because again, I want to pivot my pivot position is now we're looking at the two, two position. So switch the rows there and so you get one negative four, two, you get zero, three, two, and then you get zero, zero, negative five. Now there is a cost associated to doing the interchange while replacement is free interchange requires you multiply everything by negative one. So just remember to put a negative sign in front of the determinant and that takes care of it. Um, you'll now notice that as we've row reduced this, this matrix is now an echelon form. And what I actually care about is the following. This matrix is now a triangular matrix, uh, which case to find the determinant, I can actually multiply, multiply together the diagonal entries. So we're going to get a negative one. We got that from the interchange will get one. That's the first entry times it by three times it by negative five, which are the second and third diagonals. If we multiply those together, we end up with a positive 15, uh, which is the determinant of this matrix. That was pretty slick. Uh, that's a lot easier than the Laplace expansion, which be fair, we did use the Laplace expansion once you wrote row reduced to a triangular matrix, then expand it from there. And so that's kind of our goal to row reduce it into row reduced it into a triangular matrix and then take the product of the diagonals. Uh, so what about this one? Um, if I were to do this, I want to put this in row reduced echelon form. There's a couple options. You could interchange the first and second row if you want to one in the first position. Uh, but actually what I'm going to do is the following, I'm going to notice. I'm going to notice that the first row is actually everything's divisible by two. Everything's divisible by two. And so if I was thinking this as a system of equations that I'm trying to row reduce, I would scale that row by one half. All right. And that approach is perfectly fine. Uh, theorem, uh, theorem 527 that we mentioned earlier tells us exactly what we want to do if you want to scale the first row by one half. But my experience personally and also working with students is that sometimes when we scale by one half, we forget. Are we trying to scale by one half or by two? And so I want you to think of the following way. Um, when you look at this determinant by the multilineary property mentioned before, there's a common factor of two in the first row. So factor two out of the first row. So the first row becomes one negative four, three and four, and then we didn't do anything to anything else. So you factor out the two from the first row. So don't think of it as you did the scaling operation. Think of it as you factored out of the first row and then it'll be much more natural. Should there be a zero? Should there be a two or a one half out in front? It should be a two because when you factor out a two, you should still have a two that sits out in front. So now thinking in terms of row operations, we have a one right here. And so I want to zero out things below it. So I'm going to take row two minus three times row one. I'm going to take row three plus three times row one and I'm just going to take row four minus row one. So we get minus three plus 12 minus nine minus 12. Now we're going to get plus three. Same numbers, different signs negative 12 plus nine and plus 12 right there. And then we're going to get minus one plus four plus minus three, excuse me. And then minus four. Now because row replacement is free. I don't have to worry about any costs that's paid by doing the operations. I just have to simplify the matrix. It's really cool. It really is. So if you do the second row, we get zero three negative four and then negative two for the third row, we get zero negative 12 positive 10 and 10. And then for the last one, I'm going to scooch it up a little bit for the last one. We're going to get a zero. We're going to get a zero. We're going to get a negative three and we get a positive two like so and that looks pretty good. What they also want to mention is that we were row reducing along the way, which we could do that. We absolutely could, but another thing I want to mention is what if we were to cofactor expand along the first column right here? Since we have all these ones and zeros by the cofactor expansion, if you go across the first row, the minor is going to be this thing right here. And so cofactor across the first the first column there, you're going to get two times one times the minor three, negative four, negative two, negative 12, 10 and 10, zero, negative three and two. So we actually don't need the first row anymore because when you times one by this minor, we get this thing over here and then when you times zero by all the other minors, they disappear. So we actually can get the following thing. Of course, two times one is just going to be a two right there. So we can kind of drop the first row once we got that pivot position ready to go. Now if we go on our pivot position is right here. If we wanted to, we could factor out a scalar multiple right here because everything's divisible by two. I don't really care to do that right now because what I'm just going to do is do another row replacement. Or maybe maybe should we should we? Why not? Let's do it. It's good practice. So let's factor out a two from the second row because everything's divisible by two right there. So if you factor out the two, we're going to get two times two because two times one was two and so then you get three, negative four, negative two. Then if we factor out a two, you're left behind with negative six, five, five and then we left the third row alone. So now we're going to do replacements. We're going to take row two plus three times row one because I already have a zero below on the third row. I don't need to do really anything else other than that. So we're going to do our little markers here. We get a plus six. We get a minus 12 and we get a I'm sorry. What am I talking about here?  We don't want to do. We don't want to do plus three. Sorry, we want to do. Plus two times row one, two times three gives us six and so I guess this plus six will get minus eight and then we're going to get minus four right there. So in the front, we have two times two, which is four. We'll get three, negative four, negative two. We're going to get zero. Eight take away, sorry, five take away eight should be a negative three and then five take away one is sorry, five take away four is one and then we end up with zero, negative three two. We didn't do anything to those ones right there. All right, and so then again, if you co-factor expand the first row or the first column here, right? We only have to look at this minor now right here. And so because everything else is a zero along the way, you're going to end up with four times three times the two by two minor, negative three one, negative three two. For which we could try to simplify this thing using row replacement, but as it's a two by two, we might just choose to just calculate the diagonals like we did before. Four times three is 12. We're going to get negative three times two, which is negative six minus negative three, so that's a plus three. So we end up with 12 times negative three, which gives us a determinant of negative 36. As I want to mention, this calculation I did a little bit differently than the book. Feel free to take a look at the book, which the link is in the description of this video here and you can see how an alternative approach, I just kind of did more row replacements along the way, but this all kind of works out great. Let's do one more example where we're going to kind of combine row operations with the cofactor expansions we did before. So with this matrix right here, I noticed there is a, there's a two in the second position, a second row, and there's also a negative two in the fourth row there. So I keep that negative two quite easily by taking row four plus row two. And so that's going to give us plus two, plus five minus seven and plus three. And so in terms of our matrix, we get nothing happen to the first row or the, or the second or the third. Lastly, though, the fourth row changes to get a zero. We got five plus five. Who can read that? I don't know four minus seven, which is negative three and then negative two plus three, which is a plus one. So we perform that row operation right there. And to notice now the first row, the first, not the first row. I keep on saying that the first column, we all have, we just have zero two zero zero, right? So if we were to cofactor expand this row, we have to pay attention to the signs. So it starts off plus minus plus minus. So when we cofactor expand, we're going to get a negative two in front. And then there's only the three by three minor that's left one, two, negative one. We ignore the second row because we're on that one right now, three, six, two, and then zero, negative three and one. Like so then everything else will zero out. So notice we could have chosen to interchange the two rows. So we get the two at the top. And then when we cofactor expand, we'd have a positive, but there's a cost to interchange, right? It's a negative sign. It's kind of wonderful how these different techniques end up doing the same thing. So you have a lot of liberty on deciding how you want to do things. So I just cofactor across the first column because we had zeros there at all. So you don't really have to interchange that much. You just have to replacement is free factor to get scalars and then you can interchange or just use cofactors to make sure you have the right sign. All right. So for this matrix right here, I want to do another replacement. I'm going to take row two minus three times row one. So we get minus three minus six and then a plus three right there replacement is free. So it does not affect the determinant whatsoever. We're going to get one two negative one. We get zero zero five and then we get zero negative three one like so. And so my advice would be now to cofactor expand across the first column. I said it right that time booyah and since that coefficient of one will end up with let me slide this up. We're going to get negative two times one times it by the two by two determinant zero five negative three and one. And in this situation, you could keep on going with like the with the row replacements with the other row operations or some of the other properties, but it's it's a two by two. I'm just going to take the difference of the diagonal products because that's a nice little trick for two by twos and so negative two times one is a negative two. So we get zero times one, which is zero and we're then it's going to subtract five times negative three, which ends up with a negative or positive 15. And so negative two times 15 gives us a negative 30 as our determinant. So I hope these examples we just saw give us some pretty good experience on how we can simplify determinant calculations of large matrices like three by three four by four five by five and etc. How we can combine the multilinearity of the function with the with the row replacements and also with the cofactor expansions when we combine all of these techniques together, we can actually compute determinants very effectively. It really becomes no more difficult than solving a system of linear equations. And so if you have any questions with this video, please post them in the comments below and I'll be happy to answer them for you. If you like this video, please give me a like subscribe. If you want to see some more updates in the future and we will talk some more linear algebra next time. Have a great day everyone. Bye.


Now, energy is a major issue these days. I was trying to think of a way to start this off, and my way of thinking of it is that in our society, we want energy to be available, we want it to be affordable, we want it to be reliable, we want it to be clean, and not all four of those things can occur simultaneously. So that really is the challenge. Addressing this challenge will require expertise from all parts of the university. And so the Energy Institute aims to foster this collaboration in helping in these solutions. The new facility that's around us will act both as a magnet for existing energy activities on campus, as well as an inspiration for future collaborations. And we hope it becomes an entry point for energy research, education, and outreach activities throughout campus. You're on the first floor. The first floor is dedicated to education and outreach and the ability to kind of meet and greet and generate new ideas. The Energy Institute was created in 2006 with a vision to maintain and enhance Wisconsin's national leadership in identifying solutions that provide for clean, efficient energy as a vehicle for continued economic growth for the state and the union.


I thought opening a door for a lady- I thought opening the door. I thought opening a door for a lady was a polite thing to do. Okay. Isn't it? Isn't it polite to hold the door for somebody? Yeah. I don't know why she screamed it when she flew out the plane. Once again, I would like you to stop reading joke books before you get here. Hey, welcome back to our Stupid Directions of Corbin. I'm silly! And you can follow us on Instagram, Twitter, for more juicy content. Thank you for your support on Patreon. Follow us on Twitter account. Subscribe if you like button and it helps the algorithm. Because it helps the algorithm. Today, we got a video from Tired and Fused Productions. We've seen many stuff from their channel. We really enjoyed the channel. This is a video, 12 Indian movie projects that got shut down and cancelled. Other than... Well, that wasn't shut down. It was released, wasn't it? Well, the Harry Potter thing. Yeah. Well, these movies ever released? Is the full title, production of this. And I don't... That girl! That's not an Indian one. Oh, here we go. 3-6. Keep it with you. Oh, yeah. After that, we'll do a three-gen series. And we'll leave this lion and this chal and go away.  You'll have to pay for it. That's... I think it's called a hair... Harry or something like that. It's one of the iconic comedies. Okay, back in the day. Only the OGs on this channel will remember when I had spoken about unreleased projects from Hindi cinema. The cases of massive projects being formulated to go on the floors, in some cases, having shot several of its sequences and then due to unforeseen circumstances, they never see the light of day. These are movies and shows that have been cancelled either due to budget constraints, creative differences between actors and sometimes directors, cautious decisions taken due to digital laws or political changes and in some cases, just a complete destruction of every facet that can allow the production to be completed. If you ask any Malayalam film fan, the relationship that they share with the constant delays with the next Nivenpolly release is more or less the same. One is hopeful but is constantly heartbroken with further delays, something that they experience with gold as well. I want to get a few movies already out of the way that I've spoken about a few years ago on the channel. These include the fantasy film with Amitabh Bachchan that was titled Thalismar and was based on Chandrakanta, the project Time Machine starring Amir Khan in which was supposed to be directed by Shikhar Kapoor and would have given 2050 a love story and its concept of time-traveller run for their money. Shuddhi, a long-standing project for Karan Johar that never seems to materialize. Chandni Chowk to Africa, a sequel that never went on floors due to the poor reception and commercial performance of the first film. Kuchi kuchi hota hai, yes you heard that right. An animated film Greenlit by Dharma about dogs playing out the same beats of the live action film, The Battle of Saragadi with Randi Puda and the side copyright legal battles that Amitabh Bachchan and Shujit Sarkar's film Shubhbhai had been embroiled in ever since its planned its release. As I've got these out of the way through this video, I wanted to talk about films across languages that may never see the light of day in its complete form. So here is tried and refused productions with 12 Indian movie projects that got cancelled or are indefinitely postponed. Aadhar Benit Kumar Singh is considered to be one of the most hard-working and talented actors who really does invest his heart and soul to projects. The unreleased Geo project Aadhar is one of them which was showcased in the Busan Film Festival in 2019 and was originally supposed to release in India on 5th February 2021. A tale of the first person in the village who has got his Aadhar card made and is told by a soothsayer that the serial number on his identity card will lead to his wife's death. The bureaucratic and irreversible rigmarole that follows formed the premise of this film that will presumably never see the light of day. Whether it's postponed, shelved, or will one day digitally release, I guess we will never know. Gourmand Ten months ago, Amazon Prime Video had announced a slate of titles that will form its lineup in India for 2022 and 2023. This included the likes of shows that have already released like Fuzzy, Crash Course and Sural the Vortex and soon to be released Jubilee and The Hard. But a series that has been presumably shelved is called Gourmand starring Amol Palikar, Manav Kaul and Rajshree Deshpande. The havoc and controversy that Tandav caused has definitely led to streaming platforms being more mindful of provocative content or storylines that allude to being critical of the status quo. Hence, what was at least from the first look a compelling political drama will never be seen in the public eye. Karikalan Onion Silvan has become one of the most critically and commercially acclaimed films from Tamil Nadu. But it is known that Vikram was supposed to portray the role of Aditya Karikalan before this materialized in 2022. The film was to go on flows in 2017 and directed by L.L. Kanan. But half way through, he was replaced by A.R. Gandhi Krishna, who is said to have originally written the script. But even with the changes, the film was never completed. It was fate, I believe, that Mani Ratnam wanted to finally complete his dream project with Ponian Silvan and who better than Vikram to play the character of Karikalan. Maya Sabha A director that developed a huge fan base for this first venture is Rahi Anil Barbe, who surprised everyone with Tumbad. The screenplay by Mitesh Shah, Aadish Prasad, Anand Gandhi and him made everyone's spellbound of the exceptional world building and folk tale inspired fantasy horror concoction it eventually became. But his next venture title, Maya Sabha has been in limbo of sorts, having completed the film with Javid Jafri and child actor Mohamed Samad. All the attention seems to be on his Amazon Prime Video series, Gulkanda Tales, that should release a few months from now. But the feature film seems to have been lost in the abyss. Abu Duthi for Baghdad One of the most talked about events that was almost going on floors was an India-Hollywood collaboration in 1998 with Chiranjeevi, which would simultaneously be released in both English and Telugu. The movie titled Abu Duthi for Baghdad was supposed to be mounted on a massive scale but presumably legal trouble due to religious sentiments being hurt with the grapevine spreading of certain sequences and the monumental production cost halted the opportunity of Chiranjeevi. Takth With the period epic Padma Bhat doing exceptionally well, audiences were thoroughly intrigued by the fact that Karan Johar was formulating to create Takth, a feud between brothers for the mobile throne. With the likes of Ranveer Singh, Vicky Kaushal, Anil Kapoor, Kareena Kapoor and Alia Bhat finalised for the past one, assume that this is going to be a family drama showcased on an epic scale. I presume however, just anticipating the sheer outrage that would take place with the commercial film on the Mughals made Karan Johar take a step back and not wanting to undergo the massive pressure and noise that follows for any film even marginally shedding light on that part of history. Dostana too, speaking of Dharma productions and shared projects, everyone knows about the drama that unfolded with the production company and Kartikarian. The company calling him out for unprofessionalism and bowing not to work with him ever again and a movie that had short majority of its script now did not have a lead actor anymore. The project has more or less been suspended and has not undergone reshoots ever since the drama unfolded. What exactly went down with respect to creative differences and the actor walking out is left for speculation. Kitta Van. SDR also had multiple releases that have got shelved, not the case of never coming into fruition from a shooting standpoint but having actually shot several portions and being left incomplete. His movie Kitta Van, a movie where Yuvan was contributing his music and he starred opposite Lekha Washington, got eventually shelved. While I don't know specifically about the premise, the look test that SDR was going through really looked zany and interesting. Lekha Washington had also put out a cryptic post about her not so pleasant experience working in the same film, making me wonder what exactly transpired with this movie and it's making. Pippa. One of the movies that absolutely breaks my heart has been postponed indefinitely is the RSVP produced film Pippa starring Ishan Khattar Nonal Thakur and Priyanshu. The movie based in the 1971 war specifically about Brigadier Balwan Singh Mehta of the 45th Cavalry Tank Squadron who fought in the Eastern Front was something that had all the ingredients for a great epic film. The movie is directed by ALF director Raja Menon produced by the makers of Oory and had also music contributed by A.R. Rehman. The film dropped its thrilling teaser and was slated to release on 5th December 2022 but has been further delayed, presumably due to more changes being made on the editing table. Making me slightly anxious whether such an interesting war film will just get shelved in the process. I hope not. Narthansala. Nandamuri Balakrishna's dream project that went under production in 2004 and was partially short but ultimately shared due to extremely grim and unfortunate circumstances. The actor Sondaria passed away in a plane crash and the film could never stand on its own two feet ever again. The film based on the chapter of Mahabharata would be directed by Balaya himself and was a remake of his father's own film that released in 1963. The first 17 minutes of the film were digitally released on the streaming platform for history buffs and for those who are interested to see what could have been. The Immortals of Ashwathama. Everyone fully anticipated what would be Aditya Dhar's next move after the exceptional response that Oory received. When it was announced that the director is mounting an ambitious project in the form of the Immortals of Ashwathama on a contemporary manner and presumably in a post-apocalyptic world, I couldn't be more ecstatic. But the film has been undergoing several production and budget issues. Something that broke the heart of lead actor Vicky Kaushal as well. The news of the movie still going on floors keeps coming and going but nothing has been concrete or substantial to really believe that this may get completed anytime soon. Kamal Hasan is the real OG of this category. If there is one actor who tops the list and to such an extent that there is an entire Vicky Pedia page dedicated to his unrealized project, it's Kamal Hasan. But of the several movies that never saw the light of day, some of which include Kamal's robot with Shankar and Kreeti Zintak and the opportunity to portray Tipu Sultan, the one that fascinates me the most is Marudha Nayagam. A historical movie which would follow the life of Mohammad Yusuf Khan, a warrior from the 18th century and the movie had been promoted and mounted on such a big scale that the queen had visited in 1997 for the inauguration of the film. Presumably because a British company financially backing the movie had distinct itself from the project, the film could not be revived despite Kamal Hasan having invested presumably close to 8 crores of his own money. This is an absolutely fascinating story when you look into account of British influence, conflict and all in the context of the control in Madurai and it would have really accounted for a spectacle on the big screen. Shame that this, like many ambitious projects, just did not materialize. And that was the video guys, write it down in the comments below if you have some fascinating stories or movies that just could not see the light of day. Please don't forget to follow me on Instagram, the handles are in front of you, follow me. Yeah so obviously follow him please. Uh, it wouldn't surprise me if the, the, the last film, the Kamal, yeah, the British financiers didn't like the content depicting the British in a poor light. Cause we've heard that. Yeah. We've heard about films that they don't, wasn't it, um, yeah, they didn't like it as well, yeah. Germans don't like to have stories told about Nazi Germany, but they don't tell you to stop making them.  Seriously.  To start production and then pull it out and he's invested that much. I'm, I would, I'd be so interested to like if it was ever finished and it's just there, like you know how big of a hype you'd get from like, oh this unreleased massive Kamal film from the 90s gets un, out of the vault like Disney does for, for films.  Like you get to see like, I don't want to say like, um, in his prime Kamal Hasan, but I mean, Kamal Hasan was doing some great work in the, in the late 90s, um, to have like, to be like, all right, we're just gonna release this and see how it does. Yeah, there's film buffs. Like he said, the other one that where unfortunately the lead actress I could believe passed away, they had 16 or 17 minutes of it originally filmed and so they just h, h, high definition did and released that for cinephiles to watch, do it. Yeah, I just, and then all the ones that are like for religious sentiments or like any, I just pisses me off. I'm like, okay, if you have a religious sentiment that you don't like, don't watch it. There it is. It's what, it's what Ricky Gervais said, just because you're offended doesn't mean you're right. Yeah, just stop imposing your views on somebody's art. You can be like, I don't like that art. You can be like, I don't want to support that art. Totally a prerogative.  It's a free country, right? But stop imposing your views on somebody's art. Stop it. I just, it makes me so infuriated. Ah, that's what we call censorship ladies and gentlemen. Yeah. And it is frowned upon. Yeah, and not just religious sentiments, but there are people who don't want certain things portrayed because it, it, it, political, political, whatever, uh, hierarchal, whatever that may be. They have a particular bone to pick with. I don't want to be in, I don't want to be depicted that way.  This is how you treated us. Like, I don't, I still understand. And that's why they didn't send Sardar Udam for, um, the Oscars. The, the, the Oscar committee. Please. That's why they didn't do it. Because they thought it would hurt the Britishers' feelings. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Uh, that's why we don't make slavery films here because it will hurt people's feel. Oh, wait, we do. Yeah. Um, anyways, great videos always. Some people can't handle truth. Yeah. Great videos always. Uh, let us know what other videos it is or other videos that we can react to and any other stories that you can recollect down below.


I think it's just been a very technical process and in many ways when you start looking at what's happening in country around red when you look at the national policies everything's caught up in these really technical things about how you set reference levels and monitoring and verification programs and how all this works and different sources of data and it's very complicated I mean it's not only women who are excluded it's everybody from that kind of debate it's just very hard to understand. Putting gender into that at that level at the policy level is probably not all that relevant where it becomes relevant is down when you're talking about benefits sharing when you're talking about monitoring on the ground if there's going to be a community level monitoring things like that and obviously when you're talking about actual the actions and strategies being done to try to change forest use then what are those actions what are those changes what are you asking people to do are you asking them to stop shifting cultivation are you asking them to produce in smaller areas so then who are you affecting are you affecting the women's agriculture are you affecting men agriculture you know that's where it gets really complicated and definitely there has to be gendered questions asked at that level. So gender is relevant at that level because any kinds of policies that come in and start changing your rules about land and forest use are as likely to affect women as they are to affect men I mean again it's going to depend very much on the division of labor in those communities how different people are using the land and so on but if you don't ask the question you're not going to know how those things are happening. So on the ground there there are many ways in which women could be affected so that's why it's so important for them to understand to know be informed about these processes from the beginning as informed as men and in order for that to happen that's very that's difficult because as one of the people asked here earlier women may spend may spend they said they do but obviously depends on the community four hours getting water every day or they're doing all the household labor of course they aren't as informed and so you can't put the burden on women either to say you know okay we have more things we need you to do but in fact you know women do need to be informed we need to know whether or not these policies or which ones of them are likely to have an impact on women. This research is still from the early red projects we've just done the second round of research on those same projects to look at two years later down the road how things are happening but that that data has not yet been analyzed so it's just looking at the data from the early red project initiatives and to what extent well what we ended up doing was having a women's focus group in order to understand some of the gender dimensions of forests in the communities and then we also had village surveys and they weren't comparable so that's important to know we didn't ask all the same questions to everybody but the some of the questions were the same and one of those was assessing the extent to which people were familiar with red but they understood what it was if they had a basic understanding of this thing that was happening in their community whatever it was called the project name or red or whatever and we found a major difference a significant difference between the the women the percentage of women's groups that under that did have a basic understanding of red and the percentage of this village focus groups and the village groups were mixed gender but they were about 66 to 67 percent male so they were predominantly male across in on average and we found that 41 percent of the women's groups had a basic understanding of red but 67 of the mixed groups did I wasn't sure what we would really find and it was somewhat surprising to find this difference across the boards so it was sort of a it was a proxy to say okay very early on who's being informed and then but what we thought would be we would find is that well where women are really active in their communities they're probably pretty well informed or where women you know so our question we have several questions one about whether or not women are involved in the leadership body of the have an elected position in the leadership body of the community but the main one was really asking women if they feel they have an influence on village decisions and the general percentages across the board were pretty high but when you compared them to the results of knowledge about red it didn't make any difference there was no correlation at all and similarly we thought okay well they're probably places where women don't even use for us that much right that was one of our one of our co-authors arguments on this was why should women be involved they're not involved anyway they don't do anything in for us so we looked at that data to see how much women used for us but we found that even in the places where women women and men's use of the forest here to be equal in terms of the amount of time they spend in the forest or where women use the forest more than men you still didn't see a difference in terms of that gap between knowledge about on knowledge about red so clearly these are women you would expect to have a vested interest in for us and yet you don't see them being equally informed as the men in their own communities so really the only place where it made a difference was where women were we specifically asked women if they were involved in forest rulemaking and that is the place where we found that in fact women were more likely to have a similar knowledge to men or the gap was less well if these if something like red is going to happen and you already see many projects happening around the world that are called red and some that haven't you know have changed their names now but there are interventions in communities that are going to affect how people can use forest resources we have to look at how vulnerability if we don't take a gendered approach we're likely to do more harm than good for women I mean my my closing statement was that if if you don't address the inequities and you go in with the project you're going to come out with inequities you know you have to you're just going to perpetuate them if not make them worse unless you take them into account at the beginning and design them into your project


In order to make sure this is set to work with your 50 amp shunt press and hold the center button The first thing it's gonna let you do is clear some of the values We don't want that. We want to just keep holding until it says current if it's set to 100 amps Just press it to it's back at 50 amps and then you can just walk away It'll come back on in a few seconds. There you go. You're ready to go


Hi, I'm Jennifer Corsi and I'm a Human Resources Analyst here at California Governor's Office of Emergency Services, also known as Cal OES. I ensure our department follows the merit-based hiring process, so we hire employees who are best fit to handle any emergency thrown our way. I hire for the telecommunications systems technicians, a lot of the emergency services coordinators and senior emergency services coordinators. I am handling over 70 active recruitments right now and trying to get those finished to bring our vacancy right down and our ability to meet our mission statement up. My favorite part of my job is sending the formal offer letter at the very end of the recruitment process knowing that I am making a difference in our vacancy rate and I am making a difference in California's ability to handle emergencies. My favorite part of working in HR is the amount of teamwork I get to do and I also love that it's a fast-paced work environment because I never get bored here and it's always a great feeling when you close them out and you have a really good person that you hired. My name is Jennifer Corsi and I am Cal OES.


Joe, thank you for your visionary leadership.  You're founded this spectacular movement, but mostly, Joe, of what I admire is your humanism. You see, words matter. They matter deeply because they create how we feel. Those feelings generate the stories that we tell and those stories drive how we behave in the world. And Joe, I think you must be the only CEO that uses the word love, and it's real. I know it, brother, and you mean it, but these words are so, so powerful. Words, like Jamie said, where he was told, it's not your fault. Words like, I'm sorry. Sometimes silence as the most potent word that we have. The word patient safety gets a lot of attention. The word movement hasn't been dissected much, and there's a science behind creating a movement, and no doubt this is a social movement. The author, Charles Duhigg, has these three-item checklist for social movements. Clear behaviors, you can think of as a checklist. A small group with really tight social connections and then looser connections with many, many other teams. Example how social movement spread. Rosa Parks, one of the leaders of the civil rights movement, wasn't the first to refuse to give a receipt on a bus. Indeed, there were hundreds for years before her. But she had been trained by a charismatic reverend, Martin Luther King, in a simple behavior, a checklist of nonviolent protest. And when Rosa gave a receipt, she was a social gadfly in about 40 different social groups, and everyone loved her, and she connected them. And each of those social groups had really clear activities. They were tight. And so when Rosa was arrested, it ignited a revolution, because each of those did their own work to organize the protest. In this case, the boycotts, and they spread all throughout Alabama and the country. Joe, what you've created here is a social movement. Our 17 apps are those behaviors. These 35 chapters are those nodes in those 17 countries, but the magic is those small little micro-learnings that are created in the hospitals where the work gets done. And many of you have asked, why isn't this spreading? Why aren't people doing it? And I'm gonna go back to what's been a theme here, the stories. You see, we have all used stories externally, saying how do they get attention? How do they motivate change? What we haven't dissected is turning internal, and look at the stories that we tell ourselves. Stories about whether we're powerful or powerless. Stories about whether others are competitors or collaborators. You see, stories define what we do. You change the story and you change everything. Stories like JFK, I Want a Man on the Moon. So we're gonna dissect the stories that are hindering people from joining this social movement, because we know the mechanics. Those three things are immutable, but the reason it's not spreading is internal and deeper and something very human. But I'd like you to either write or reflect on the words I will, because I know Joe is a outcomes-driven CEO. This conference isn't about hearing stories. It's about action. It's about saving lives. So at the end, I hope, and through the days, we'll have time to question what's your I will statement that's going to come out of this. Now, I'd like to explore these mindsets of what are holding us back. And if I were to say, what's the greatest safety movement or the opportunity in the world, it's changing the narrative from success is healing in hospital to being healthy at home. Because we know 40% of hospital admissions should never happen in the first place. At least we could reduce that. There's good science on that. So yes, we need to manage what's going on in the hospital, but we need to explore what narratives are holding this movement back from spreading. And my friends, I'll put forth, there's three narratives that are holding us back. And I'd like to share my own journey on trying to understand and reframe those narratives. The first narrative, and it's the most fundamental, is we still accept harm as inevitable rather than preventable. We say we don't, but we've been hearing the same darn stories for 20 years. And we know hospitals can go years without infections. If we really believed it was preventable, we want to accept these stories. My own journey on this began in 2001 on a snowy night in a dark corner of our pediatric ICU where Josie King was taken off of life support and died in her mother's arms. She was burned and ready to go home though, was healing, but a catheter infection and then unrecognized sepsis sacrificed her. Her mother came to me because she was worried that this was going to happen to her other daughters and said, could you tell me this won't happen again? I wanted to give her the executive spiel of all the great stuff we're doing, but I couldn't. I looked at her and said, I can't. Our rates of infection are sky high. We don't have any science-based programs, but I will give you an answer.  And she did. We accepted it as the cost of care. We accepted harm as inevitable. So we did some things at the time that were heretical. We declared a goal of zero infections like this. My colleagues thought I was off my rocker and perhaps I was. We made a checklist of best practices. We encouraged doctors and nurses to work together to make sure that checklist was used. We investigated every infection as a defect to change that culture and that narrative and we had accountability for those infection rates. The rates not just plummeted, but now just a year ago, we published that this program and a lot of other work was spread state by state across the country and now these catheter infections are down 85% from when to urge human to now, like a remarkable success story. And to put this into context, when this work started, central line infections, one small item of your 17 checklist killed more people than breast or prostate cancer and we just accepted it. So we have the ability to cure public health problems of that scale. And so we got curious and said, why did this social movement take off when so many others floundered? And it took off, I wanna explore on three levels. On the national level, it took off because of three simple things. Number one, we had a valid rate of measuring infections that was epidemiological sound. I'll put forth to you that infections and they're not perfect are the only harm that we have a valid measure for, sadly 20 years after we've been doing this. I don't think we have a valid measures of any other harms. Doesn't mean we don't stop the work or we're not counting, but shame on us and shame on policymakers. Two, it was publicly reported and that itself didn't do it, but the great journalism work who called out stories of hospitals whose rates are 10 times the national average to hold them to account for what they did drove most of the behavior. And three, we had science to guide us. We had evidence from which we could make a checklist. We then went into 200 hospitals. We published it recently to say, what separated zero hospitals from non-zero hospitals? Cause it wasn't just the checklist. Zero hospitals, my friends all did four simple things. Their leaders declared a goal of zero infections. If I walked into that hospital and asked the CEO what's your goal and they said, uh, you know, my ICU dot got that, guaranteed they weren't zero. Second thing they did is they created an enabling infrastructure. What that means is they provided project management, they provided training, they provided data and feedback and they provided checklist, tools to make it easy for clinicians. Three, they engaged frontline clinicians and connected them in peer learning communities. And fourth, they transparently reported results and had clear, clear accountability. If you had an infections, someone asked why. But we went deeper. We partnered with some of our anthropologists and they said something deeper happened at the individual level and we wanna find out why. So we interviewed hundreds of clinicians and what we found when we were speaking them was profound. You could see in their eyes what they believed in their hearts. They started telling a new story. When we started, they all said, these infections are inevitable and I'm just a and fill in the blank. I'm a nurse, I'm an attending, I'm a resident, I'm a tech and I'm powerless. And they got to zero when they told a new narrative. So we got curious and said, okay, well, if we could find what leads to that narrative, we have the most powerful force for change in the world. And as we looked, we realized there's quite a robust social science literature that tells us how to create new narratives. It's called believing and belonging. I have a TEDx talk, if anyone's interested in this specific thing, two pieces. The believing piece is the leaders of that organization committed to zero and believe that their people can do it so they believed in it themselves. And if you want an example of the power of belief, I'm a runner, so I like this, take the story of Roger Bannister breaking the four minute mile. For 2,000 years since the first Olympiad, leading scientists said, it is impossible to break the four minute mile.  Well, Bannister as a medical student to go tribe broke it in 1954 and he didn't die and you may know that story. But what's often not known is the next year, this 2,000 year record, 12 more people broke it. The year after, 156 people broke it. And now high school kids are breaking it and the last New York marathon, a guy ran a four minute mile for the whole 26 marathon, unbelievable. And what changed? Not evolution, not blood doping, not new sneakers. The stories they tell. Bannister freed all of us to break that four minute impossibility and Joe, that's the legacy of this movement. The second piece that they did was they belonged to peer learning groups. It wasn't economic incentives, it was belonging to a learning community. I'll give you an example of learning communities. How many of you have seen Mary Poppins? The movie or the plays?  And that's because that's what London was like in the late 1940s. Because London was filled of two types of melodious songbirds, the red robins and the blue boobies. And they thrived because they pecked through the tops of the milk containers that were left on people's stoops.  But then the milk companies changed the containers from cardboard and steeple to aluminum and flat. And it required a few of both birds or required the birds to learn a new technique. They had to learn to tuck their beak in. And those both birds are equally smart and a few of both birds learned the new technique. But the red robins are extinct now in downtown London and the boobies thrive. And the difference is the robins were solid birds. They had their stoop or their corner. We call it our department, our specialty, our hospital, our country. And that wisdom never was shared. The blue boobies are flocking birds. They fly into V, they fly strong and proud together. And that wisdom quickly disseminated through those organizations. And we need to be much more like those blue boobies if we're gonna solve this problem. The second narrative I like to share with you is that we say healthcare is a system, but it is the furthest, furthest thing from a system. Russell Aikhoff, the great system theorist, said as a system is a set of parts interacting to achieve the goals. We have all the parts. Matter of fact, the parts are all in this room. They're not aligned around a goal and they certainly don't interact the way they need to. But there's lessons we could learn in many of your students of high reliability organizing. What these organizations that truly work as a system, they organize around the needs of those they serve. In our case, our patients. We don't really do that. I'll give an example. I was working with a clinic that treats sickle cell patients because I was looking at what we're causing hospital readmissions. Remember, we don't get them in the first place. And by far the number one cause, five times more than anything else was patients with sickle cell. When I dug into it, I found, well, the clinic had patients, but if someone was on narcotics, they kicked them out of the clinic because it didn't fit their efficiency of their clinic. Well, if any of you have know about sickle cell, there's a lot of pain. There are most are many are on narcotics and you couldn't think of a more destructive way to manage than to kick people out of your clinic. But they weren't working as a system. They weren't organizing around patients needs. Second characteristic of these systems is everybody's job is to improve value. Everybody's, not just the doctors, not just the nurse, everybody's. I learned this when I visited an aircraft carrier to study this. And I was standing talking to the admiral and there was a gentleman sweeping the deck next to me. And as you made know, on the power hierarchy, that gentleman is way below the admiral, way, way below. Maybe as a high school education, but on the safety hierarchy, they're equal because if there's a debris on that deck or a hammer plane comes down, they all blow up. It's no difference than the power hierarchy between the environmental service worker who cleans the hospital and the CEO. Low education, big power gradient, but safety equal because we get C. diff or MRSA if we don't clean it. Well, I asked that gentleman what job he does. And I was blown away. He stood up tall and proud, look me in the eye and said, sir, I help planes take off and land safely to serve the mission of the United States. Said, whoa, it's a guy connected to his purpose. I left there and walked into a hospital and asked an EVS worker, what job do you do? And what answer did I get? Not standing up tall and proud, sheeplessly looking away, almost shameful, saying I clean the rooms. They didn't say, no, you're not an EVS worker, you're an infection preventionist, right? Or an infection prevention specialist. I asked the person in a call center, what job do you do? I answer the phones.  You connect people to needed care that prevents cancers and prevents harm. And we haven't managed healthcare as a system. Third thing these organizations do is they hardwire the upstream and downstream connections so that makes sure the system, those parts actually do interconnect. We have a huge problem with readmissions. Nationally, it's about 6% of patients leave the hospital with an appointment scheduled. Like, what do you think is gonna happen, right? Or we send people who come to the emergency room and we send them out without any appointment for followup, just hopefully they're gonna get there because our mindset isn't, is a system, I'm just a part. And finally, they create management systems for accountability. I look at this brilliant work of 17 checklist and apps. But what I haven't seen yet is a management system where we're not playing whack-a-mole at every one, but there's a board level of zero harm, there's work teams in every one of these and others, there's transparent reporting and accountability, and it's all integrated in a disciplined management system towards zero harm. Third, narrative. And it's a new one for this group and some may say, what the heck are you talking about this? Is that improving value is everybody's responsibility. And by value, just so we're clear, it's quality plus patient experience over the annual total cost of care. Why value and why is this important for our journey? Well, right now, though health care does miracles every day and there's no doubt that we do, the vast majority of the time. Medical error we say is the third leading cause of death. The reality is we don't know how many people died needlessly shame on us, because we don't have good measurement systems. The estimates in the US vary 20 fold. But that said, it's enormous. And if you add misdiagnosis, if you add failure to give evidence-based therapy, if you give failure to control blood pressure or treat diabetes, it is by far the leading cause of death. Medicine today has one third of patients leaving their health care interactions saying I wasn't respected. I wasn't listened to. I don't know what to do when I leave. Or cancer patients waiting weeks to get a report back. And my friends, when you have cancer or you're worried about your health, time is suffering. That's harm. A third of every dollar we spend in the US, a trillion dollars collectively goes for therapies that don't get patients well or is wasted on these things. At an individual level, that's $10,000 per household. That's equal to the median net worth of the people in urban LA or Cleveland or Baltimore. So not getting this right isn't just health care. It's the future of the American dream. Because if you look at states like Massachusetts that expanded access, and I believe we need to expand access, their health care budget went up, but it came at the expense of every other social good. Parks and recreation, STEM, preschool, education, care for the elderly. So we have to balance and get this waste out of the system. And right now, every payer of health care, the federal government, state government, employers, and us as individuals, our health care expenses are going up more than our revenue. And hospitals' expenses now are at 7%, their revenues are 4% going up, and their margins are the lowest they've ever been. 1.5% and 25% of them have negative margins. And guess what budgets are getting cut from this? All the things that drive safety. Nurse staffing ratios, your infection prevention staff, your safety staff. So we have to start thinking about how do we start telling a new narrative that value is my responsibility. That these keeping people healthy at home is part of what we all need to begin to do. Well, as you know, I'm a bit of a checklist fanatic and so I made a checklist for optimizing value. And when I started doing this, what I was astounded of is that when you add the waste of every defect on this checklist and the harm to patients, it is mind-blowing. It is far larger than we ever dreamed of, but what we've played is whack-a-mole trying to tackle each one of these individual things. So let's look at this value checklist and say, there's defects and harm and we fail to help people stay well. Right now, most large employers, 15% of their employees get an annual wellness exam. We know that leads to less harm, better outcomes. Maybe half or fewer get their cancer screenings that they're supposed to or get the immunizations they're supposed to. And well, up to 70 to 80% of us don't have healthy habits. We don't eat well, we don't exercise enough, we don't reduce stress, we don't connect with our colleagues. How well do we help people get well? For every disease, every chronic disease, there's defects at every pathway. Let's take diabetes, for example. 40% of diabetics are undiagnosed. About half get the right therapy. A third have their blood pressure, their LDL, and their A1C controlled. And they have outrageous degrees of healthcare utilization. Indeed, about 40% of their admissions wouldn't need to be there if we manage these things. But whose job is it? Not mine. And then finally, how well are we managing an acute condition? The defects are, is care coordinated with primary care? Because that's good care that keeps people out of the hospital. The reality is, to date, we don't connect those wires. Is what we're recommending appropriate? And almost every procedure that's been looked at, 30% of them aren't needed. 30%. And if you go to Cancer Centers of Excellence, you see the same thing, 25 to 30% of the cancer diagnosis is change or the treatment change. Is the site of service optimal? About 40% of what we do in a high expense healthcare setting like a hospital could be done in an alternative setting, but we don't do that. And increasingly, in the home, we can now give close to ICU level care in the home. It's much more patient centered, it's safer, it's much lower expense, but we're not driving that. And within that site of service, are we directing care to a high value provider? Because the reality is, amongst our provider tribe, there's four to eight fold variation, depending on which cardiologist you go to, which hospital you go to for care, but all that stuff is largely invisible. In my new role at UH, I have responsibility for the ACO and for value in the delivery system, and importantly for the employee health plan. And we're trying to change that new narrative across a whole large system. And clinicians are resonating it because they get this concept of defects and checklist. And for my providers at hospitals or the health systems, I would encourage you to use your employee plan as the learning lab for optimizing value. We talked about unaligned financial incentives. Health systems with a self-insured employee plan are the only natural experiment where every incentive's aligned. You're at full risk for the cost of those people. In this case, they're only in network care as within this health system. We control the wellness and the ACO plans, and we control the incentives we give to the physicians to give good care. So why aren't we using those to see if we could really eliminate the defects that we have in our health systems? So I'm asking us to broaden our narrative, not that our journey's anywhere near done, but to start thinking more broadly in this concept of value and could we commit to eliminate these defects in value? Because the economics of hospital financing are not looking so pretty. And I feared we're gonna see safety budgets cut unless we're really driving the value that's gonna fund some of these needed infrastructures to keep us moving forward. Now, this big change that we're talking about is scary. And we talked about the narratives that we tell, not externally, not the stories to get intention, but us owning it. What stories are we telling ourselves? And after spending 25 or nearly 30 years studying safety and quality, I've learned that the secret of quality is that word that this meeting was opened up with. And that's love. But by love, I don't mean a 50-year marriage. Oh, for sure, there is love and loving moments in that marriage. By love, I mean what the psychologist Barbara Freerickson talks about in her book, Love 2.0. It's a fascinating book where she studies the biology of love and looks at what makes oxytocin spike, because oxytocin is the cuddle hormone that goes up when you hug or when you nurse. And what she found is that love is micro moments of connection between two or more people, micro moments. I feel warm towards you, you feel warm towards me, and we create energy. So love is listening to a colleague who just made an error. Love is putting a hand on a worried patient. Love is respectfully smiling in that homeless person asking you for money. Love is saying to that EVS worker, thank you for preventing infections.  And every one of those is only made possible and facilitated by micro moments. And we could choose to go make micro moments right now.  Because we've been telling the same stories of harm for far too long, and I'm tired of hearing more clumsy stories, right? And we hear them over and over again, they should be zero. And the question isn't to judge our colleagues, it's to understand why haven't they told that new narrative and how do we begin to create those new narratives by believing they can get to zero and creating communities like this where they belong to groups that they learn from each other. You see that question that Sorrell King asked me and haunts me every day, is Josie less likely to die? I think she and every other patient in this room is asking each of us and we deserve to give them an answer. So thank you.


A blood-brain barrier disruption for treatment of neurological disease is a major opportunity for numerous conditions afflicting patients. So for example, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, brain cancer, these are all diseases where currently treatments are limited by the blood-brain barrier. So if we can open the blood-brain barrier and not only open it but open it in a controlled safe way that's reversible, meaning it's not open permanently, and also open it in a specific targeted location so it's not affecting the entire brain or areas that are not affected by the disease that we're interested in treating. That's a huge opportunity to improve therapeutics and not only to improve therapeutic delivery to that area but it may allow us to limit the dose necessary to give an effective treatment in order to deliver an effective treatment.