All right Welcome to today's Item of code sorry about the late start What we were doing I Just kind of forgot I was into I was deep in thought and then I'm like, oh, no it's a Oh my spot if I moved over to my phone Which is not what I wanted right should be good But let's get started with today's problem. I Haven't seen anything on it. Why is it playing? Sorry about that All right make dear day seven He did a let's just do code day seven to that work The meantime, let's figure out why my computer is so slow today Oh no, I close the wrong one Like 100% CPU oh, it's Wow, okay, let's close this one. Let's minimize this one quick talk our desktop. I hope Oh, I probably have skipped 1% of the frame so far That's not good. Let me just Work on this a bit this is power toys In form voice meter All right, everything seems to be in order. I hope the audio is good And I hope we don't get too many interruptions And we're all right. Let's look at day seven Hey little Annie always there for the stream. That's good Let's see. They're treacherous whales day seven a Giant whale has decided your surmises next meal as much more pressure. Okay. Oh, so we had lantern fish last time And now we have a whale all right, but it's just warm of crabs And Okay, they're in a tiny summer. Okay They seem to be preparing to blast. This is a bit farfetched, right? They seem to be preparing to blast a hole in the ocean floor Senses indicate a massive underground cave system just beyond where they're aiming Perhaps if anything, it'll be a line before they have enough power to blast Okay So we have a crabs and holes and something However, it doesn't look like they'll be aligned for the whale catches you. Maybe you can help There's one major catch crab submarines can only move horizontally. He can quickly make a list of the horizontal position of each crab Crab submarines have a limited fuel so you need to find a way to make all of their horizontal positions match while requiring them to spend as little As possible. Okay For example consider the following horizontal positions This means there's a crab with horizontal position 16 a Crab with horizontal position one and so on Each change of one step knows of physical okay You choose any horizontal position to land them all on But the one that cost the least fuel is horizontal position two This cost a total of 37 fuel is as cheap as possible outcome more expensive outcomes include aligning a position one position three and position 10 Determine the horizontal position of the crabs can align to using the least fuel possible Okay, so this seems So we can see that like for the real input. There is a lot of Like a very big space, so let's just see if the naive way works for now and then roll with it, right? All right New file Module Where and let me say example is a list of ends Example equals Okay, so the naive way to do it. It's just to go over all the positions and For each of them. Okay, but like we don't have to do it for every number, right? We can at least save us that So let's So what we're gonna do is that we're gonna do GCI GCI day 7.ages Right All right, let's see. Let's reload this now. Let's say example. Okay the group, but then we sort example Group Import data at least Module Let's do task one takes me list events One equals Define where G is equals We're basically doing the same as last time, right? We do We do map G equals map X So we have We're gonna list here list add X Goes to X comma length Over group sort example Yes, so let's print this Let's just do that right the sort input and this is gonna be in And then we're gonna say print task one on example And let's see ask one example Okay, so we have zero number ones one number two and Then we say Okay, so and then for each of the positions in that list We'd let's do that. So pause This is equal to map first Yes So those are the positions and then we say a pure cost of P It's equal to map and P prime and then to ABS of P for the difference between the two right P minus P prime on Pauses yeah, so let's and then we map this P prime. We're gonna map that There'd be pre prime comma L We're gonna say L times So the DC these is We map this over pauses But we're mapping this over GS. So here we say so now we have okay Modest the type of fuel cost. It's a list of int P comma Okay, and then we are gonna say map fuel cost pauses And we're actually we don't actually need this so it's just gonna be that some Not this map so it's zero to 49 one is 42 Position three is 13 precision Position three Right, so we're not necessarily We're not yeah, okay It's not necessarily cheapest. Okay, so then we say So it's probably gonna be in the list right so min MP is gonna be mip. It's gonna be min pauses Max P is it gonna be Mxp is gonna be max pauses and now we're gonna map the fuel cost over mip to mxp Zero one. Okay. Now we get all the positions What if we Maybe we just sort it sorts on that probably sorts on the first one. Yeah, sort by a Sort a Compact on D okay, so it's we can sort by comparing on We don't need that we say By 237 which is the one we want Determine the forest on the position that the crafts can align to using the least fuel possible How much will miss is meant to align to the message the answer here is 37? Let's grab the input again. We're just gonna paste it ask one compare on map fuel cost mip max Okay, so how long does it take for the input? Okay, didn't take too long actually, but Did take some time, right? GT oh Oh three We could so what we could do is do like a some sort of sliding Window where cuz kind of it like if you know how much it takes to move to this position, right? It's gonna chase not gonna change too much, right? But you know, we're at 25 20 20 milliseconds, so Not too bad Let's try and give it three five two two five four, let's try to give that as the first answer All right, we got it now the crap sounds even interdicted in the proposed solution. Perhaps you must understand crab engineering Okay, they don't so instead each change of one step and also the position costs one more unit of fuel than the last The first steps cost one the second step costs to The third step costs Three and so on So it's like the sum So because of the the end step costs and so we're summing from One to n Which is n Times n minus one or two, right? So as you grab more moving further becomes this change is the best for some position Okay, so that's it. Let's go back to the Okay, so this is the one that we want Dtd dtd I don't think this is gonna be too much because I think we can just use Okay, so now we're gonna say a we're gonna go back to this one And and we're gonna run it on the example ask to example So, okay, this just becomes a five. Let's see So here instead of being the length of the abs. This is actually okay, so f of p Fp at p prime comma l So the function is going to be l times ABS p minus p prime so this was the distance that they have to move Where D equals and the blank now becomes C times D minus one. I think it's D minus one Over two divided by two. Yeah, so let's do it like this Let's just make sure all from our trusty Some one two and yeah, it's oh, it's Plus one not minus one my mistake. All right, and now we are not mapping the Fp function. Okay, let's see So position five is 168 exactly and The old one to cost two hundred six two hundred and sixty. Okay, so we are still We have the right one and we just changed one thing And it's like it's not even It's not that bad. I forgot to take me. Let's try this We got day two as well. Let's go back Okay, so today's was pretty easy And you know, okay, we could probably have done it way faster Using some dynamic programming things But you know at 25 milliseconds And like We don't really need to write I Wish there was a function that did this Let me say. Oh, no, I changed it, but I yeah, I think you know, we did it But I think like we really Is sort by group Had really changes it right because I think like there's not that many unique crabs So yeah, so we need to compute it for a lot of positions, but like we're not computing it for that many elements Right, which is Which is what is important here Yeah, sometimes you get lucky with that data distribution, right? And you don't have to do that much Sometimes it You become you're unlucky, right and like your approach would be good with another distribution, but because it's Well, this one turned out to be really long, but you can also say like if these numbers were massive Then we would be in trouble, right? It's really what's really saving us here. Oh my god. There are too many numbers What's really saving us here is that they're not very distributed because so like it's at the at the order of We sort them that's fast grouping them it becomes fast also You can also tell like, you know, these numbers are very similar, right? So we can probably Like by knowing one we can probably kind of keep track of something and figure out in the second one right away In fact But this one was too fast. So, you know, there's really no point Do we need this? Yeah, all right, I think We'll just call it quits today I mean, we did it very fast And I you know, there's not really much that to explain, right? I think I think that's what we should say, right? You know, if it would if it takes us like the last time or two days before or something Yeah on Sunday, right it took us Like it was taking us 20 seconds right and that's that's a bit much, right? But How did you do it Fabian? What was your How did you cheese it? You just computed it because I think you can Yeah, I think you can get away with it here Yeah, exactly. It's also like it's not that hard of a problem and I think like Yeah, especially if you know this formula for summing numbers one to n, right? Then it it it becomes very fast, right? But yeah, I mean, yeah, let's make this a Let's make this generic task. It's gonna take an Into a function right and then there's the int It returns an int comma int task dt and int equals dt and then Task two is just a task And then we just put this formula down so this one and instead of doing this we say dt I'm gonna minimize the code here. Let's see and Task one is just a Task in like we don't change it and task make sure we didn't They a little Gauss Why do you mean a little Gauss you call it? there are What is what is big Gauss here is our stuff the same office, right? I guess we Know it takes a bit longer, you notice, right? It's not 25. It's like 50 and that's because a Yeah, I think it can't inline things this hard, right, which is a bit funny, but okay, and Let's see how can we make this can we make this faster even now But yeah, it's not gonna speed it up, I think oh Yeah, yeah, yeah, that is true. I remember that legend like is He was like three years old. He was supposed to be helping his dad Do the accounting first company something like that dad Gauss man He crazy Crazy smart, okay, and All right, now we do both of them in 97 which is worse than it was before I think like I said It's because of the inliner can't be as aggressive But you know, it's pretty good, you know Yeah, I don't think that's much to dive into today, right? It's just Group sort And then we kind of count the number of each group Why we trace show ID On this I'm just wondering like how much we're gaining here Trace Yes, yeah, okay, so we take it down from how many inputs we have We have a thousand inputs and we change it into 657. Okay. I guess that That sorting thing is not what's saving us here Maybe it's just the Gauss formula. I mean we go from O of n to 01 Just using this Gauss formula Yeah, I don't know. Yeah, we cut the time down in half, right? but right guess we could also we could also like memoize the function because Instead of like yeah, so just like when you see a number you can be the before just return it instead of Compute it again Yeah, okay. This is so fast that we're not gonna we're not gonna bother. I think We get both of them in 79 milliseconds Yeah, and I think it's because we keep it at like all of n Or all and log n right with group and we sort and then No, it's not all of them log n sorry It's the O of And log n a plus Then well, no and then O of n Like a reduced n but not that much Times the difference between the smallest number and the largest number Right. So if we put, you know One million here it's going to take a lot longer Binary search could also work. Yeah, that's true We could do binary search on the list, but yeah, I can see that it's really dependent on The numbers not being too big. How would we do binary search here? That's also the thing right we're in a we're in a List lazy language, right? So it would be it's a bit hard to do binary search Because we don't have random access to the array, right? Yeah, I think this is also like a case of you know premature optimization, right like If it oh, no, no it happened again You know if it takes 79 milliseconds like you know, there's no there's not much point to trying to optimize it too much, right? You know unless you're doing this again again again a million times, right? There's probably another part of your system that takes longer So, yeah All right, I think we'll just keep it short for the day It oh, thanks for the follow my shoget Yeah, I guess will be I'll be aligned again tomorrow at seven At seven thirty so yeah, cuz I've been happy I'm usually going at seven but I try to do seven thirty I was gonna have the option of doing floor bomb, but Yeah, then I bailed. I don't know and What am I thinking yeah, so yeah See you tomorrow, right and Let's hope we get I cuz I like it. You know when our kind of first illusion I Mean like yeah, but our first illusion is a bit hard, right? This one is just like oh, let's just do it, right and That's also like kind of what I discovered about advent of code is that you can like sit down and think really really hard and Make it go super fast, right? But it's also a competition about programming speed like how fast can you do it, right? And I think like we were done at 18 minutes, right? And It finished right so we have to balance like Running running speed against programming speed. So this is kind of the the way I would do it in a company, right because Yeah, you can spend you don't want to spend too much time on something that Yeah, oh yeah, I don't have a bot but the keyboard is a the varmillo and It's actually custom-made in a sense the keycaps. It's Icelandic flag, right? I'm Icelandic best country and Show you I have two keyboards actually I Have this one and then I have the Norwegian one right but they have different buttons. So like this is how they come But they look like the Danish flags And But we don't like Denmark because they were our overlords what I did is I brought like from varmillo like a Greek Greek flag thing which is like white and blue But only the keycaps right now, then I put some of the blue ones here to make an a region flag and the rest of them To make the Icelandic flag And You know makes me feel better that I'm not supporting Denmark. I mean, they're they're cool. Legos are nice, but They were our overlords, so we're supposed to have a bit of a beef with them, you know, it is Pretty okay. Wow Fabian Yeah, we have 300 400,000 people approximately right we're doing pretty well compared all right Too much jibber jabber. I'm gonna have dinner See you guys and girls tomorrow At seven I think also the videos have been coming up right I think yesterday's video Should be up now and then this one will be up at In 24 hours right because there's an embargo until then Yeah, it's fine. All right, so much For today and thanks for joining in and Yeah, make sure to follow you get a notification and go live Go live tomorrow at seven And yeah, it's nice to have some people in the chat, right? It was more fun like the first day. We had so many people in chat. We were like discussing different ways to do it So, you know, I love for you all to you know Go ahead do the ad with a code and then join us In the evening right where we where I kind of do my attempt live and then we discuss How to do it differently, right? Because I I think that's the most fun part right like because you have one idea and And Someone else has a completely different idea. It's really fun to kind of discuss like how can we approach this problem, right? But so far it's been kind of straightforward like, you know, there's no crazy way we can do it. You just do it the way kind of the obvious way All right, but yeah, I hope to see you Fabian Little Annie will probably be there and And my boy Jonathan He joined sometimes all right See you tomorrow and take care You


And welcome to Hawaii Rotary People of Action.  And with me is our district governor, Wynton Shuneman, who's usually in this seat. And this time we're turning the tables on you a little bit, Wynton, and it's delightful to see you and to be able to talk to you about Rotary. You know, it's wonderful to be here. We're getting towards the end of the Rotary year, which goes from the beginning of July to the end of June. And so there's a lot of things going on still, but we are getting ready to wrap it up. So there's two sides of the conversation in my own mind. One is the melancholy. I'm a little sad about it. The other is that it's exciting to see what's just around the corner. So let's talk a little bit about both sides of that conversation. First of all, how are you feeling? Here we are, this part of the year. Yes, you're coming into nearing the end of your year. But how are you feeling about what you've been able to do this year and how you've seen Rotary evolve over your time as district governor?  And I've had such great opportunities to travel our state and travel throughout the West Coast. It has been immensely fulfilling to be able to connect with people that are just doing such fantastic work. And the other side of it is that I did come in with such immense dreams and such huge goals that it's obvious that I'm not going to get them all done at this point in time. But Rotary is not just about one segment, one year. It is about a sense of continuity over time and really about making a difference. So I have great opportunities to make the difference, make the change that I want to do, that I see as possible within Rotary. To make that change, though, you need a lot of other people. And meeting with the presidents, meeting with all the other clubs, I know you were making the rounds. That's how you and I first met. This is my first year in Rotary, although I'm a legacy because of my mother. And fulfilling a long, long promise. But as you were talking with the presidents who I understand recently met, and I think we've got a picture of everybody who was up at Kilauea Camp yesterday, we have that military camp. There we go. Yeah, beautiful. So there are all the presidents from the various different clubs from across Hawaii. How did that meeting go? And what is it that you think that you were able to impart to them? So as Rotarians, we meet several times during the course of the year, both to plan and to share resources and to talk about the things that are going on and the impact that we're having in our communities, both globally and locally. That particular training session or meeting session, I asked our presidents to meet away from the daily challenges that they face family, business, community and that kind of stuff. And really come together to discuss the things that are going on in Rotary, going on in our community and how we can maximize our efforts for greater impact. So what do you think came out of that that would make a difference not only in how you leave your legacy but what everybody takes forward? So one of the things that we talked about and came up with is truly a focus this year on the efforts of human trafficking or to fight human trafficking. I call them freedom fighters. To say that you're working on human trafficking is one thing that both scares people and intrigues people. So that was one of the great things that came out of the meeting is a coordinated effort across the state to educate ourselves about the issue of commercial sexual exploitation of children, human traffic globally and all of those conversations that we have around the subject. We did a marvelous job with that during the course of the year. I think we probably educated close to 2,000 people about the issue. Some clubs have taken steps towards working with community partners to become freedom fighters. We had a great march here in downtown Honolulu with 400, 500 participants to call attention for our legislators and community action people on the issue. Out of that also came a friendship bond, if you will. One of the things we think about Rotary Off Times as being all about work and no play and one of the things that came out of that was just a real sense of camaraderie, a sense of caring about each other and doing things together. That was particularly one of those chicken skin kind of things, right? I think that's one of the most lovely things that I've discovered about Rotary which I saw in the years that my mother was involved in when she was president that it was a lot more than just doing work projects. It's really a wonderful reason to come together to better a community and to work on something that has great meaning but in so doing, forging friendships that last well beyond the project or well beyond a particular need and to see especially in our small community that's a very important thing because we have so much work to do not just with this particular project which is incredibly weighty and important but how that fits into all of our needs for our families and our children. It's such an important thing that we do. It is, I have a great story. Imanel Dekakni is a good friend of mine. Has been a Rotarian for a long time and he came to Hawaii via New York. He was originally from Alexandria, Egypt but came to Hawaii and knew no one and so he was starting a new business and that kind of stuff and had an experience with his family in Rotary prior to in Alexandria, Egypt and he joined Rotary here in Hawaii so that he had community around him. He knew the value of friendships and the opportunities to just be connected one of my things that in reading and educating myself about community action organizations is that millennials in particular because they're so connected electronically one of the things that they crave is the opportunity to connect personally and so they're more engaged in evening activities than any previous generation and Rotary is a great place for millennials to connect in a different way as well. I think we're seeing that in a lot of ways. I saw a study recently about millennials not wanting to do speed dating or fast food but really learning the value of what takes time to produce and that means a good relationship or a good meal and the fact that Rotary can provide both on occasion is a very, very good thing. So as now you're looking at a very big activity that's coming up for all of us the district conference is going to be not too long from now in the middle of a couple of weeks and knowing that we're going to have some wonderful speakers there that are now open to the public that everyone can come and attend so it's not just for Rotarians, you can come too and knowing that this is a very sort of not exactly the centerpiece of your year but it certainly is one that culminates a lot of the activity. How are you feeling about the conference? I'm excited for the conference. I mean, just truly excited because not only is it a way for us to celebrate the things that we've done it's also an opportunity for us to continue to grow as Rotarians and individuals and my vision for the conference and working with the conference team was to really, so a Rotary theme for the year is be the inspiration from our Rotary International president, Barry Rassen. But you had also a different slice of that, I know when we were beginning to talk about the district conference there was something very important to you that we focus on peace. Yeah, so I wanted to meld the overarching goal of Rotary which is to create a more peaceful world with the theme of be the inspiration and so our theme for the conference is inspiring peace. We have some wonderful keynote speakers, Brian Rush from the Human Thread Foundation on Saturday during the daytime. There is an opportunity to engage in a Ted style talk. Yes, we're calling them wind talks as in worthy information now, not just about you. Yeah, I understand. And so we have Pono Shim, we have Poonani Burgess, we have Ian Ketajima, good friend of mine. I'm so excited for him to come and talk about his way of innovating, thinking and the way, how can we innovate to create a more peaceful world? So from his technology background that's an amazing opportunity. We have some folks from Ho'ol Anapua which is our partner on human trafficking to talk about how fighting for freedom creates a more peaceful world and those issues. Although it's funny when we talk about fighting to be able to create peace as opposed to seriously advocating for. Advocating, yeah, advocating is one step but there does come a point where we need to take action and really be one to say stop. This is unacceptable in our society. We could go on and make this a conversation about human trafficking but I don't wanna do that. Our logo, I'm excited, our logo is interesting in that it is an origami piece of, if you will. I love that and I think we're gonna put it up there so that you can have a look at it. And the origami piece of, in my mind, symbolizes in the folds the combining of our various cultures both in Rotary and in our own community but the coming together in intricacies to reflect our society and our differences in coming together as one in both peace and hope. So if you look at the symbolism of origami and the opportunities there to me it is kind of a fun to think about and talk about. And it's such a lovely piece that I was even thinking if we could turn it into a little piece of jewelry and we could keep with us that goes far beyond the conference but in all seriousness, now being able to take some of those concepts and seeing how we apply them in different ways now and the opportunities that we have both here at home and when we're away from Hawaii and how we bring some of what we know about living in Hawaii to other parts of the country and other parts of the world that need to hear this message so much especially through the Rotary conduits that we have being a worldwide organization. So how has this filtered into what's happening beyond Hawaii and beyond the mainland? Well, first of all, I do wanna say that the concepts and the conversations that we have about during the peace conference is something that I will look to apply in my daily life. It's not just about having a conversation and hearing a good speaker but taking that away and applying it personally, professionally and in my relationships with family, friends and the global community. So truly excited about that. We were talking a few minutes earlier one of the things about millennials and that kind of stuff. We're looking at how we apply passion and connecting it with impact. So we are in the process of developing a new Rotary Club. All right, well, on that note, let's go to a quick break and we'll have something very exciting to talk about when we come back. Wonderful. Hey, loha, my name is Andrew Lanning. I'm the host of Security Matters Hawaii airing every Wednesday here on Think Tech Hawaii live from the studios. I'll bring you guests. I'll bring you information about the things in security that matter to keeping you safe, your coworkers safe, your family safe, keep our community safe. We want to teach you about those things in our industry that may be a little outside of your experience. So please join me because security matters. Aloha. Aloha, I'm Wendy Lo and I'm coming to you every other Tuesday at two o'clock live from Think Tech Hawaii. And on our show, we talk about taking your health back. And what does that mean? It means mind, body and soul. Anything you can do that makes your body healthier and happier is what we're going to be talking about. Whether it's spiritual health, mental health, fascia health, beautiful smile health, whatever it means, let's take healthy back. Aloha. Evening. And we are back with Hawaii Rotary people of action and delighted to be talking to district governor Winton Schoneman, who usually is sitting in my seat, but I am subbing for Janet Shuffer. So we are here together talking about something that's pretty exciting as we're melding passion for Rotary with also issues driven passion. How is that turning up in Rotary clubs? So as most Rotary clubs are focused on a variety of areas, have very diverse groups of people with very diverse passions. And so we go and address one issue here and one issue there. And during the course of the year is my travels throughout the district and having talk with people. One of the things that we tend to gravitate towards is how can we have greater impact in our communities? And so it occurred to me that if we take our resources and respond to a specific issue and focus those resources on that issue, whether it be during a time period or in this case building a Rotary club around a specific issue that will be with us for many years. So the issue is the environment and sustainability. It is not something that is going to be solved immediately, but it is something that needs constant attention to. So we're building the Eco Rotary Club of Kakaako. It's meeting at Salt in at the Revolution, Revolution, Solar Offices upstairs on Wednesday evenings at six right now, but it has attracted a significant group of people. Many of them tend to be in the millennial generation or somewhere there of where their passion and what they see in the world is different from my generation. So they will be addressing issues of environment and sustainability. They are incredibly ambitious and incredibly creative. One of the conversations that they're having right now is how can we do a beach cleanup and Kalalpapa on Molokai? How do we do that rather than just going to our Alamona Beach Park or someplace close by? They have great plans. How can we address the issue of the garbage patch in the middle of the Pacific? Or how can we build a community garden in the Kakaako area where most of the living now is becoming high rises? So I am incredibly excited about this group of young people that are coming together with passion and looking to maximize their impact in our communities. It also strikes me that this kind of a Rotary Club might very well be a model for others where people want to gather around a specific issue and it may in fact be something that is going to slowly change how Rotary may be delivered in future. It could be, there's room for variety. Rotary is an organization that to me over the years has demonstrated flexibility in the way that they approach things. We're not locked into it has to be one specific way and it's been very open, if I don't mind saying so, to change and to growing in a way that meets the needs of Rotarians rather than meeting the needs of a board or meeting the needs of a corporate structure and that kind of stuff. So I'm particularly excited about that. We often hear a phrase, change or die. That's not exactly what we're talking about with this but the idea of having that flexibility and the need to move into a different way of being to be able to create sustainability and to be responsive to an ever-changing world. This world is not the same as it was 10 years ago or 20 years ago for some people who got into Rotary 30 or 50 years ago, clearly very different. And so looking at Rotary's growth and its ability to respond seems to be rooted in the idea of flexibility that's now being seen in how the Echo Rotary Club is being formed. One of the things that that requires though is that we listen to our members and that's something that requires a specific skill, requires a continuous process of reinforcing that in our club presidents, in our district governors and our Rotary International leadership. And I'm happy to say that our Rotary International leadership at the top, at the bottom, depending upon how you look at the triangle, Rotary International leadership is very good at listening to what it is that we want and then striving to meet those actions. The council on legislation met just recently and one of the actions that they took was to elevate our Rotaract clubs to on par with our Rotary clubs and make them partners rather than a subset of a Rotary Club or responsive to a Rotary Club, a true partnership and I'm really excited for that. So how will that show up for those involved with Rotaract? What will they feel as a difference? Well, it's not determined yet how that will be rolled out. The idea that Rotaract clubs don't belong to a Rotary Club anymore but are a true partner in paints an image to me that we will be working more together, that they will have greater independence, they are not to work for us, but that we have a respect for them as an organization of their own and that we work together for the greater good, that we mentor young people until they become Rotarians and that the Rotaract clubs themselves assume greater responsibility for the leadership of their own organizations. That means that districts like ours will be providing more training, will providing more opportunity and we're having conversations at the district level about how we integrate Rotaract into our district board. Having that vitality of younger people who are involved with Rotary, albeit as younger people and those not out of high school yet, that's really important. Having some of that happen, I've seen some of the clubs that were started for high schools and how they interact but it was much more of the mentorship, feeling that there's a sense of self-direction and agency that they will have now seems to also mean that not only are we creating a pipeline for Rotary but also that we're developing the skills for many other issues through Rotaract in school and that's a really important issue for all of us. And it's exciting for me to see them look at the world in terms of having ownership for things that are going on rather than looking at a previous generation and going, well, not just your fault but whatever it is, this is what you created but looking at it and going, you know what? I am empowered to take action. I am empowered to be the solution rather than looking to others. So I'm excited for that aspect of it as well. Me too. I can't wait to see what happens with that. I know my mother helped to start a Rotaract club a while ago and that was a very important thing to her because young people, to be able to bring them not only into Rotary but into life and to be able to have good solution-oriented thinking skills and critical thinking skills and also working well with other people who care deeply about the same issues is a very important thing for all of us to help build as we build community and we talk about building community. But before we have to go away and say goodbye, I wanna ask you about how you feel about saying goodbye to your time as district governor and what it is that you'd like to leave us with as your legacy and what you feel you're personally taking away. You know, this year has been incredibly satisfying. A lot of growth for me personally. In what ways? Well, just in my relationships and my friendships, the way that I see the world, you know, I mean, one of the things that we were talking about with the assistant governors the other day was some of our district conference thing and I had to learn to listen a little bit differently to hear what it is that they were saying. And so there's a lot of personal growth for me and I look back on that and I go, you know what, the outcome of that is truly, that brings tears to my eyes. I don't really wanna think about it. I'm gonna start crying here right now. But there's nothing wrong with that actually but I understand what you said. The legacy of this year will be that we had an impact on human trafficking and we'll never know the people that we had an impact on but they are out there, if we save one life, we save one person. If we have one more person engaged in the conversation and the solution, then we've done our job. That's sort of the starfish story. You might not be able to save all of it but you throw one back in it and then a lot to that one. Exactly. And that is a good way of looking at it too. One more that's saved, one more that can be secured for moving forward and who may save somebody else too. So finally though, what is it that you'd like all of us to remember about this year if you could sort of give us a benediction of sorts? What would it be? I think if I could leave you with one thing is that it takes us all. It's not the district governor, it's not any one individual but that we as Rotarians, we are that piece of, we are that folded in together and together we have such an impact, not just locally but globally. And I'm looking forward to the coming year, the 2020 Rotary International Convention will be here. I'm looking forward to really the opportunity to continue the work that we've started. Well, I'm looking forward to all of that. It's been a pleasure to have the chance to get to know you this year and to have the opportunity to speak with you today. And I'm also looking forward to going to the conference which is May 17th through 19th and you can still get all kinds of tickets, either piecemeal for the whole thing. The prices will go up as of May one. So do go to the Rotary District 5000 website and click on conference and you'll be able to get your tickets to go as well. And the speakers will be fabulous, will be time well spent and time spent together. Whether you're a Rotary, whether you're involved with Rotary now as a Rotarian, whether you're thinking about it, whether you're just interested in some of these wonderful speakers, it is an opportunity for you to hear them and it's not necessarily going to be one that will be replicable again because this group of people will only be there together this one time for the 17th or the 19th of May at the Rotary Conference. I am Beth Ann Koslovich. It's been a delight to be with you, Wynn. Thank you so much. It's subbed for you. Yeah, it's been fun. This has gone by very quickly. Thank you very much. Thank you to ThinkTech Hawaii for hosting us. That's right. Thank you ThinkTech. Thanks to all of you. I'm Beth Ann Koslovich, signing off for Hawaii Rotary, People of Action.


Hello, I hope you're good, and I hope your week has been great. I know things has been interesting in the enjoy of late I've had a bit of downtime and during that period I was able to catch on a couple of movies and one of them that picked my Interest was Astrid City by Wes Anderson so this will not just be a breakdown to be a conversation based on some of the things I could find on the BTS that based on what I found interesting because it's almost like a masterclass when it comes to framing and Compositing I was stuck and we just walk through setting interesting things that I actually observed from most of the found footage From set giving it observing the director of his processes and his cinematographer and all that was put together To make the entire film become like great So without further ado, let's hit it You're not here. We're not there the car exploded Come get the girls I have to stay here with Woodrow I'm not the chauffeur on the ground father. Where are you asteroid city farm root six mile 75? Now this is quite interesting because if you look there's like it that's the grip guide that's actually pulling the train miniature and they rigged their own Train arm as I'll put it to be able to like get that shot for the train and you can also see it here when they do that with Shot of the missile but when you watch it in the film the scale looks so humongous And it actually becomes more appealing the more footage that actually shows us like the behinds of those set pieces We get to see the scaffolding that you can see on the right corner of the frame that just passed and behind all this tall mountains They're all fake which is quite interesting There's a lot that said they beat it on some flat land They found in Spain which they actually select some lit this whole desert and some some of it was Compton Based on but most of it like 99% of it was built So if you look at this drone footage now, all these are all Beauty scale like it's almost like they made like a small community for the entire film So if we push forward a bit now, this is the part that actually interests me Most of the entire film was done on a dolly work You could see how if you go watch the film you see what I mean by precise framing Cinematic movement and most of it was shot like during the daytime you get using mostly diffusion and daylight Most of it was the precision of the framing that was done with The dolly and the gearhead now. This is interesting if you look at this part in the film all the stones actually have a color-corrected cyan But looking at them from this perspective of the camera you could see how sandy and air tones that they wear and It's just very interesting with some of the things that are possible to grade and how they could like pull out some colors and Heighten the saturations and increase the density. It was quite it was quite a very sorry experience going through Most of this you get now if we look at this footage you would get to see like The director is taking a scene and speaking of what I said earlier You can see just a bounce board that is there taking the scene giving like reflecting light the sun backlighting the character and That's looks like a Zeiss supreme lens and it had five millimeter on the on the gearhead and And That was quite if you look at it again That's like really interesting because that's all there is to this thing. There's no like there's no giant overhead There's no diffusion on anything like as minimal as it get just Shooting at the right time of the day because if we look at the long shadows on the floor It tells you the quality of light. This is not like high none or so so it's on still like Rising and that's how they actually could get this shot and I think this is quite Quite inspiring though. It goes away from the tradition and the norms there still deliver amazing like the entire medium is just so pleasing Now they are doing most of the locked off like you can see when they're doing some of the locked off that they have now I think this is now on like on a corner head But most of those dynamic framing that needed precision All of it was done on the gearhead the most interesting thing about this frame is the fact that it was done on Lane tracks on tracks so you have like three dollies on that's actually going on three tracks we've been supporting length probably a 12 feet span 12 to 15 feet span and This is looking more like a 12 feet though and you have the director So what this means that it can go both sideways Left to right and can go front to back If you look at if you look at the contraption again You get so you can go both sideways left to right and can go front to back when you look at the entire setup And it played more in at the beginning of the not the beginning where they actually had like that campsite and this man here was actually giving the speech on On on the asteroids like some kind of celebration the yes, why it was given this speech Now this is interesting because these are like some of the few moments in the film that green screen was used And if you watch the green screen is actually being lit by the ambience and not by direct sunlight because it's also been Backlighted by the Sun so the ambience has come from the opposite side of the screen That's not lighting the characters because the Sun is coming like from the top right of the frame if you look at the shadows on the floor and I believe there's like some kind of large bounce that's in front or probably the Sun that's white That's creating like the skip bounce feeling to the shadows And I'm guessing the reason for the green screen is because some of the large prop elements that they can move they can use that as a plate to create like set extension and and achieve the Symmetry or the frame lines that was designed for This frame or the scene that's within the film Yeah, is where he's like using the gear heads again. I can see the Ari gear head for This kind of precision filming on a very giant film cameras if we go beyond this frame There's like one of the perspective where they had like this whole dancing moment You look at the shadows on the ground same thing like it's almost like it's a masterclass in learning how to shoot with natural light At the quality the time of day that the quality of light is right to be able to get like the entire framing that you require and You can see the cinematographer walking the gear head just to get that fine frame of it those are like long boom pose which the sound guys are isn't like to get the sound when the Dolly comes in they can raise it up But on the wide shot they go way lower to be able to get it with that with all their boom cats And that's like a director on his monitor Watching and being able to like see and give notes and performance to what's going on if you actually look for like a masterclass on Composition framing and cinematography. I believe this film is some it's it's what giving a look You get that's where you get to like enjoy all the goodness of the framing. This is just Seeing a wonderful piece of amazing cinematography That is Butte not just on artificial lights, but if you're walking with the sunlight if you're walking with nature what you have given What's possible that you can create and it was really interesting to see what could be made? So if you haven't seen the film take time out and go see asteroid city Let me know in the comments what you think about it if this has been useful to you like subscribe and join the conversation on what you think was a cool technique that you could take and actually implement in your work and Until next time when I see you when we break down another film or talk about something different That's contributed for your process and provides the depth and overcome. Thank you


Hello and welcome to this session. This is Professor Farhad in which we will discuss utilization of constraint resources. Constraint means limited. You don't have enough of a particular resource. Now, in the real world, we always have constraint resources. We don't have unlimited resources. Otherwise, if we do have unlimited resources, we don't even have to study economics because we can do whatever we want to. That's in La La Land. In the real world, you would always have a limited resource of some sort. And the goal of any company is to produce and sell as many product as they can. That's fine. The problem could be, you might have constraint resources that's limiting you, that's not allowing you to produce and sell as many units as you need. And these are called bottleneck or bottlenecks. You could have more than one bottleneck. Now, why is it called a bottleneck? Well, simply put, let's take a look at those two bottles that are filled in M&M. One of them, we have plenty of M&M. The goal is to transfer the M&M's from the bottle to the jar. Notice, this has a larger bottleneck. We can produce more, we can transfer faster. This have a small bottleneck. The small bottleneck, it's gonna slow you down. So anything that limits your capacity to produce is called the bottleneck. And this is why it's called the bottleneck because it's gonna squeeze you. Now, every company will have some sort of a bottleneck, no way around it. That bottleneck could be labor. Now, most companies, they experience shortage in labor. Anywhere you go, people, they have a science for hiring. Could be time, you don't have enough time. For example, for my company, I wish I had more time during the day to produce more. It could be machine hours, it could be anything.  Now, we established that we have a bottleneck. At the end, we're gonna see what can you do to improve your bottleneck. But what should you do now? What should you do? What should you do about the bottleneck? Here's what you have to do. Produce and sell the units with the contribution margin per unit, per constrained resource.  No, it's the highest contribution margin per constrained resources.  And don't worry, we'll look at an example. In this way, you will maximize your total contribution margin. Another picture of a constrained resource is basically traffic. Think when you leave the toll on a highway. Maybe it's like 10, you have 10 tolls. And as soon as you leave, the road will go back to three or four lanes. So notice what's gonna happen. It's gonna slow it down. This is another example of a bottleneck. And notice what it looks like. It looks like a bottle, like a bottleneck. And this is what we mean by a constrained resource. Think also the idea of a chain. The strength of a chain, it's as strong as its weakest link. So to improve, to make the chain stronger, you have to strengthen its weakest link. And the weakest link is the bottleneck. So the company is as good as their weakest link, which is their bottleneck. The best way to illustrate this concept is to use numbers to show you how to produce giving constrained resources. Before we look at an example, most likely you are a student or a CPA candidate. That's why you are watching. I'm glad you are watching, but you need to go a step further for farhatlectures.com, where you will find additional resources, lectures, multiple choice through false exercises that's gonna help you do better. Whether you are studying for your CPA exam or you are taking accounting courses. If you have not connected with me on LinkedIn, social media, please do so. Like this recording, share it with other, connect with me on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and Reddit. So let's take a look at this example. Adam Company is selling two product. One is a premium product and one is a generic product. Whatever it is, just one is a premium, one is a generic. And here's some additional data about the product. For the premium product, Adam is selling each unit for $50. The variable expense is 26. Therefore, the contribution margin is 24. The current demand per week for the premium product is 2000 unit, the contribution margin ratio, which is the contribution margin divided by sales is 48%. And we need one minute of processing on machine time A, on machine A to produce the premium unit. The generic unit, we're selling each unit for 40. The variable expenses is 25. Give us the contribution margin of 15. And there's a demand of 2,200 units for the generic product. The contribution margin ratio is 38%. And it takes us half a minute on machine A to produce the generic product. Now here we are ignoring the fixed cost. And the assumption is we have enough capacity for the fixed cost. The fixed cost is not an obstacle. The fixed cost is not a bottleneck. What we're gonna be assuming is the bottleneck here is machine A. So we have a limited amount of machine A. We only have 2,400 minutes when we use machine A at its 100% capacity. So we can only produce, use it for 2,400 units. And this is our constraint resource. So machine A is our constraint resource. So for all other machines, we have access capacity. And this is why we determine machine A is the constraint resource. The first question is how many units of each product can be processed through machine A in one minute? Well, let's think about it. For the premium for one unit, one unit in one minute. So for one minute, we can produce one unit. For the generic product, because it takes us half a minute to produce, we can produce two units. What does that mean? Let's think about it from a numerical or from a financial perspective. From a financial perspective, for a minute, if we produce a generic, the product, the premium product, and we produce one unit, we can make a profit of $24. If we use the same minute to produce the generic product, per unit we make $15, but we can produce two, therefore we can make $30 in profit. So notice, although the generic units per unit is less, but they would consume, they will tax less resources. They would require less resources to produce. So in the time of making $24, we can take that minute and make $30. Simply put, the contribution margin per minute, we can compute this, we can take the contribution margin per unit divided by the time required to produce, which is a minute. The contribution margin per one minute is $24 for the premium and $30 for the generic. Now, how are we going to allocate our time to maximize contribution margin for the whole company? Well, let's think about it. We have the weekly demand for the generic is 2,200. And remember, we already established that we need to focus on the generic first. So what we do is we'll take the weekly demand for the generic and produce as many as we can for the generic unit. Well, it's gonna take us half a minute to produce one unit. Therefore, we will consume 1,100 minutes. We will consume 1,100 minute to produce all 2,200 generic. So we will satisfy the demand for the generic units first. And once we use up 1,100 minutes, what's left is 1,300 minutes because we have 2,400 on machine A. We used up the 1,100 for the generic units. We are left with 1,300 units, 300 minutes to produce the premium product. Now, it takes us a minute to produce it. We can produce 1,300. Now, we do have more demand than 1,300, but we cannot satisfy the demand. This is a classic example for the iPhone. When Apple computers produces iPhones, they don't have enough capacity to produce enough iPhone, especially when it first come out to meet older demand. So what they have to do, they have to pick and choose where should they utilize the resources. Then what we do is we can compute now the total contribution margin. If we do so, we maximize the generic and we make 33,000 in total contribution margin for that week. And we can only produce from the premium product 1,300 and we can make 31,200. Together will give us the total contribution margin for the company and that is the max. Now in the real world, the company could have three, four, five different product or maybe 10 different product and various different constrained resources. How do they do this? They use a software and they will kind of basically the software with they will input the information and it will tell them, it will spread out what is the best way to utilize our constrained resources. But this example here is just basically I'll kind of get you familiar with the concept and this is all what you need whether you are a student or a CPA candidate. Now, how to reduce or eliminate bottlenecks? What could you do? Because if you can increase the capacity of the constraint you can increase your production and you can increase sales. Well, there are different methods to do so. If the issue is time, well, work overtime or hire more employees, what else you can do? You can re-engineer the whole product to reduce the bottleneck. That's another way you can do. You can invest more resources. For example, if you remember in the example that we worked the problem was machine A. Well, if we buy another machine A, then we have 4,800 minutes per week. Then we can satisfy the demand for the premium as well as for the generic. Then we might face another constraint or a bottleneck. Also, we can shift resources from non-bottleneck processes. If we have extra employees that they are not really, we're not utilizing their capacity to the max, move them to the bottleneck area to improve the bottleneck area. Improve the process, how we are producing the product. Just re-engineer the process. Don't re-engineer the product because you could also re-engineer the product or re-engineer the process. Minimize the effective unit produced in the bottleneck because every time you produce an effective unit, basically it took the resources then you have to throw it away. Minimize those defective units. So this way all the units produced are good to go. What should you do now? It's great that you have listened to this recording but what you should do is go to Farhat Lectures and work MCQs that's gonna help you improve your knowledge, your understanding of this topic. Invest in yourself, invest in your career, especially if you are an accounting student or a CPA candidate. Good luck, study hard, and of course, stay safe.


How do you do bonding? It's what I call the stuff of life because without it I wouldn't be here talking to you today. Why do I call it that? Because it's what gives water its amazing properties, all of which is needed for life on Earth. So how can you explain or present this fairly abstract concept to students and in a way through activities that makes it come alive for them, relevant to their lives and exciting. Well there are quite a few activities that I'll present to you today and I hope it will give you some idea. It takes you quite a simple glass, fill it up with water, right to the brim. Let children see that it's really really right to the top. Then the question is how many coins can I put in here before it spills over? They'll predict maybe one, two, three and then you start put it halfway in and then just let it drop so that there's minimal spill. And it's two, three and you just keep going four. And eventually by the time you're getting to nine and ten they're getting really quite intrigued and they start looking carefully at it and if they do they'll see that there's quite a bulgy meniscus becomes apparent and eventually they're on fourteen or fifteen and the first spill happens. Right then the obvious question is well is that applicable to all liquids and we can test that out with paraffin. Another liquid we go through the same activity, fill the glass up with paraffin right to the brim and then we start putting coins into that one and one, two, three and it's already spilling over. So why the difference between paraffin and water? And the reason lies in hydrogen bonds. Between the water molecules they're very strong hydrogen bonds whereas in the non-polar paraffin they're very weak on a vast force. Hydrogen bonds are so strong they're capable of defying the laws of gravity that's what we can see. And quite clearly that surface tension in that meniscus is a very visible sign of the strength of that hydrogen bond. This is where detergents come in. Let's see what happens when we add a single drop of detergent to the meniscus on this glass of water. Wow, the whole thing has collapsed. What's happened to these hydrogen bonds? Somehow those detergent molecules have broken those bonds. How does that work? And for that we really need to have a look at the nature of the detergent molecule. So let me show you. The typical liquid soap molecule is like this. It's got a long carbon chain. That's non-polar. There are 12 carbon atoms in there. And then it's got a polar head. The sodium sulfate when you dissolve it in water that sodium goes off. So essentially it's a non-polar tail with a polar head. Now the meniscus of the water we've just seen you've got your little water molecules held together by hydrogen bonds. Put your detergent molecule into it and what happens is those bonds break and all the polar heads now latch onto the water molecule. End of hydrogen bonds. Okay, then there's another very important element to your teaching is how can you make these concepts come alive for the students? Where are they applied in everyday life? And with this one it's easy because there's quite a number that you can draw on. Honey, for example, it's properties. It's very sticky. Where does that stickiness come from? It's the hydrogen bonding between the sugar molecules. Water forms a lovely round drop. If I take a bit of cooking oil, put it on a plate, drop some water onto it. You'll see the nice round surface. And water just doesn't wet the oil. Why? Because of hydrogen bonding in the water molecules. That makes it difficult for us to wash our dishes because water doesn't wet grease. How do we get that grease off? And that's where detergents come in. And on top of that drop of water we put a drop of detergent and voila. We see the detergent at work. Breaking those hydrogen bonds and enabling the water to get into and wet the oil, grease, dissolve it and so we can wash it. Well, I shared some ideas of teaching with you today and really I invite you to share any ideas you have with me. I will put them up. I'll give you proper acknowledgement for your ideas when I do that. Please send them along to me on this email address.