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this watercolor book this month in my creative year I am really liking this and I'm really using it as sort of a watercolor encyclopedia it has and I'm showing you here a lot of stuff on masking fluid which I just feel like I don't know how to use very well I have a few different kinds I find them challenging so here I'm putting some masking fluid this one happens to be blue I think it might be Schminke I don't remember on some plain white watercolor paper or maybe it's Molotow it might be I don't know it doesn't matter there's lots of brands if you have some use it I have it I should be using it I'm sprinkling it sprinkling it here and then I need to let it dry you can see here some of the big large dots are gone I rubbed them off because they were too big because you can do that the masking fluid will preserve the white paper underneath so I'm going over it really quickly with a very light blueish-gray mixture and then I'm going to dry that the whole idea of masking fluid is that it preserves the paper and or color underneath it while you're painting and I want to learn more effectively how to do that in this little book that I reviewed seems to have loads of information about masking fluid so I'm hoping it helps I think it will so now I'm trying just a different way of sprinkling the masking fluid on the page it's dry I'm putting a little bit of the masking fluid on my mixing plate here and using an old eyebrow brush and a card to just kind of flick it on the page and it works actually fairly well and gives me sort of little dirt drops instead of big giant ones so then I need to wipe that off my plate I need to get it dry and then I'm going over it with another layer of paint this time in the shape of little pine trees and then drying that and then adding more masking fluid and I think you probably get the idea I'm going over each layer of paint with more masking fluid I'm creating this sort of snowy bluish whiteish Christmas tree thing each successive layer of trees is darker than the first and hopefully I get something that looks halfway decent although on I'm not trying for a perfect painting what I'm trying for is something that I'm learning about how to use masking fluid while doing and having it be a perfect great painting while doing that well those things don't always go together and I have to say this isn't the best painting I have ever created but I did learn a lot while making it and that was the point so now I'm making my bluish color a little darker a little bluer this is my Daniel Smith Smith palette so I'm using my ultramarine blue I'm using kyanite I'm using Payne's gray and I'm mixing them together to just see what happens and get different shades of bluish gray colors for my trees I'm just using a plain flat brush and yeah putting the color on in a tree shape there you go adding some sort of snowy ground shadows at the bottom trying to have each tree to be in a slightly different place than the one before it and each layer of trees being darker than the one before them drying them with my heat tool completely and having the paint very very dry before I put any more masking fluid I also have this masking fluid pen I'm not so sure I like it to be honest but I experiment with using it on one of the layers and just creating dots semi successfully I'm not sure I like the pen I think if I'm going to use masking fluid I like the loose masking fluid and not anything in a pen but that could be just be me because you know I don't really know what I'm doing this book has a lot of information about using masking fluid and successful ways to do that and loads of other watercolor techniques tools and supplies I can't say enough about this book it really is sort of like a watercolor encyclopedia for those of you who missed it it is called watercolor painting expert answers to the questions everyone artist asks by George James I believe I picked it up at Tuesday morning for $5 so here's another layer of darker trees and I believe I'm just about done I maybe have one more layer in me again I'm just doing this quickly I'm not really thinking about it I'm not really trying to have a perk of perfect painting I am learning a lot about what I do and don't like in math with masking fluid there are a few instances if you watch carefully where my watercolor paint wasn't as dry as I thought it was and when I hit that layer with a masking fluid the masking fluid started to go in places that I didn't want it to so I had to quickly wipe it off and dry it so I could rub the rest of it off without leaving your residue you do want to be really really careful that things are dry you also want to be careful when using a heat tool with masking fluid because it tends to not always react really well and it could bubble up and do some weird texturey things that aren't necessarily what you want I'm looking for my masking fluid eraser or my rubber cement eraser you can rub masking fluid off with your finger but this rubber cement eraser is really the easy way to get it off and you can see here that it did work and I have these bright white dots over you know where over in my trees it looks like there's snow falling and that was the idea so with all those layers of trees it did preserve the white paper in the background I'm going to highlight my piece with some pencil some white gel pen I am here grabbing some pencils off camera and I left the camera on and yeah so you get a fun picture of my dirty water there we go so I just went and quickly grabbed some blue colored pencils different ones they're probably Derwent and some of them may be a water soluble but I don't think they all are it doesn't matter I'm not going to get them wet and I'm just highlighting the shapes of the different trees with the different colors of colored pencil in successively darker shades just like with a watercolor paint I'm being intentionally sort of messy and random with it I'm not wanting it to be perfect by any stretch now for some white gel pen highlights to do some more suggesting of snow you will find here at the end that I do actually show a still image here for a few seconds at the end if you stay tuned and watch where I've added some glitter glue to the painting I think it just gives it a cute little touch mixed media touch or greeting card ish touch anyway I want you to think about finding a book like this at your library that has text neaks in it maybe that you're not great with and experimenting and playing using tools and supplies you already have and you don't have to buy the book go check it out at your library and see if they have it there that's it for today check out the description below for relevant links and I will talk to you soon bye bye


S.P.M.B.B.B.B. Na aaluesa kutuma PR packages kwa influences and one of the influences estran bay alieza kupata zile ile products ilikuwa ni yami mamie and you know yami mamie took to her social media palaye Instagram stories and she did a review of the products kan bazo aaluesa kupata. Aakafungu ha basisuri the package nakak onyesha kasema inaka a Visuri mee pendesa. You know it was looking good lakeni aaluesa puyo kusema kuna red flags kido kwa mbazo azi azi zielewa. Now, the red flag zili kwa, the package or rather the product mbazo huda liyeza kutuma hazina ingredients. Yani zili products, you cannot tell what has made this product. Kwa evo ningumu kuniwa kama, ita kufanyi kea vizuri, ama ita kufanyi kea vizuri. And now you know, morugi muni ya kasema, she's not going to pass judgment at the time ata whether ku tumia zile products, na kisha after 2 weeks or 3 weeks ata roadi with feedback. Yivon doa liweza kusema, lakini sasa, ikawahuda munrou, I didn't take that so well. Ima henda palia kwam tenda wapia is the story zaki, aka eza kusema morugi muni isa hater. Yani, kwa sababu zile products badoa jazi tumia mbona anazi ungelea vibaya. Seju yi story unayo naji, ni kiki ya kuskuma zile products that reach beauty, ama ni kiki ukweli ukweli. I don't know, let us know on the comment section. Daza pia kusoma kitu ambaya huda miandika apa kwa instasturia. Okay?  If you don't want to post someone products, don't post it's not by force. Na aga malizi ya apu pia kusema, kama wewa unafanyaga tukule watcha tulalenja sista. Now, huda, huda amweza kupali kukasirika sana, lakili murugi munya mistema ya ni ya ya hakuwa milipu ako sababu api ar package you can choose to post or not to post. Na murugi munya pia me respond, amweza kumuambia tena not everyone who gives honest feedback is a hater or is trying to bring you down. And not everyone who you don't like is going to fail. Life is not an egerian movie and you don't hold the key to anyone's destiny. Ya ni, stories du no naji, let us know down on the comment section but in the meantime keep it trendy updates hava SPM bars.


In this video, I will define mutation and explain how the following mutations may affect the final protein, silent mutations, point mutations, or frame shift mutations. A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene. A mutation could result from a mistake during DNA replication, or could be a result of an environmental factor known as a mutagen. There are a variety of chemicals that are mutagens that could cause a change in the DNA sequence. Also, extreme UV light exposure from intense sunlight can damage the DNA and is another example of a mutagen. A silent mutation is a mutation that does not affect the sequence of amino acids in the resulting protein and therefore won't affect the function of the protein. A silent mutation is still a change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene, but it has no real consequence to the protein. Point mutations, which are also known as substitutions, are a change in a single nucleotide within a DNA sequence. The example of a silent mutation that we see in this illustration is a point mutation where the cytosine is replaced with thymine, producing a codon that also codes for the amino acid lysine. A nonsense mutation is a mutation that converts a codon for an amino acid into a stop codon. This will disrupt translation, producing a shortened version of a polypeptide, a truncated polypeptide. The example of a nonsense mutation we see here is a type of point mutation where the first thymine in the codon was changed to an adenine. Now the resulting messenger RNA contains a stop codon, UAG, therefore the resulting polypeptide will be stopped once that codon is reached. Typically a nonsense mutation will have a severe effect on the function of a protein. A missense mutation is a type of mutation where a codon for one amino acid changes to a codon for a different amino acid. We see two examples here of point mutations which are missense mutations. The first is a conservative missense mutation where the amino acid lysine is changed with the amino acid arginine. Lysine and arginine are both cationic side chains, that is they both have a positive charge. Lysine and arginine will have a similar function for the resulting polypeptide. The overall structure of the polypeptide as it folds will be very similar. The function of the protein that results from a conservative missense mutation will either not be affected at all or it will only have a minor effect on its function. A non-conservative missense mutation will replace an amino acid for a different amino acid that will have a significant effect on the structure and function of the resulting protein. The example we see here, threonine replaces lysine and threonine is not a positively charged amino acid. Therefore the resulting structure of the protein would change and it's likely that the protein's function would be significantly disrupted. While mutations are often bad, disrupting the function of proteins could potentially lead to disruption of the cell's function. It could kill the cell or cause the cell to start dividing in an uncontrolled way which might cause cancer. However some mutations create new functions that are helpful and this process of mutation is what enables the rich diversity of life in our planet and has enabled the mechanism of evolution by natural selection to produce the diversity of species that are alive today, all descending from a common ancestor. Sickle cell anemia is an example of a point mutation that is a non-conservative missense mutation. The change in the DNA sequence of a codon CTT to CAT results in a change in the codon of the messenger RNA from GAA to GUA. GAA codes for the amino acid glutamate and glutamate is a polar amino acid whereas GUA codes for the amino acid valine and valine is a non-polar hydrophobic amino acid. This change in the primary structure of the protein has an effect on the secondary tertiary structures of the resulting hemoglobin protein which causes hemoglobin to clump forming fibrous strands within erythrocytes and the resulting erythrocytes then become sickle shaped, clumping together more easily, breaking more easily and blocking the flow of blood through the blood vessels leading to the symptoms of anemia from a low oxygen carrying capacity of the blood as well as other symptoms of sickle cell disease which result from disruption of blood flow through small vessels. While sickle cell disease has many negative health consequences it is also an example of how a mutation can produce an advantage. Sickle cell anemia does have an advantage. Sickle cell anemia protects people from malaria and this is why sickle cell disease is much more common in black people because this mutation protected people against the malaria that is prevalent in tropical regions of Africa. Another type of mutation that is not a point mutation is known as a frameshift mutation. A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from a gene sequence and if those nucleotides are inserted and deleted as either one or two, four, five, anything that is not a multiple of three will result in throwing off the reading frame for the ribosome during translation. Therefore a frameshift mutation will typically have a drastic effect on the resulting polypeptide and disrupt the function of the protein. The example that we see here the nucleotides U and A were deleted from the codon for valine. As a result the codon changes at that position to GCC and so instead of valine and alanine is inserted during translation but notice the next amino acid is not proline now it's lucine and then instead of tyrosine another lucine and this is because the reading frame changed as a result of a frameshift mutation and all of the resulting codons will be affected. All of the codons that are downstream from the frameshift mutation will be affected. This could lead to a premature stop codon producing a shorter polypeptide and it's also likely to produce numerous missense mutations where the codons have been changed as a result of shifting the reading frame by one or two bases.


Welcome to G-Side 10, Geology of the National Parks. My name is Shridharanandakrishnan. I'll be your guide through volcanoes this time. This is the second part of building mountains using subduction zone processes. Last time we talked about what a subduction zone is, what happens when you have oceanic crust running into continental crust. You produce these volcanoes and trenches and earthquakes. This time we're going to go into a little bit more detail about those volcanoes. In addition, we're going to talk about a special thing called hot spots. Hawaii's a hot spot. We'll find out what a hot spot is and what's special about them. So let's begin with a little bit of a tour of the Pacific Northwest. We saw some beautiful photographs last time of Crater Lake National Park and some of the extraordinary pictures of the destruction that went along with Mount St. Helens. Last time we'll go to a little bit more of a bucolic scene seashore of Olympic National Park. Not quite so violent, but still telling us a lot about the processes that are going on. What you're seeing on the screen here is a map of the West Coast of the US. That's the state of Washington there in the middle. On the left side is Vancouver Island. Vancouver is in British Columbia, which is in Canada. If we zoom in a little bit into the state of Washington, we come close to Seattle, where Boeing and Microsoft very famously are headquartered. Starbucks is headquartered. I'm sure you all had your triple latte frappuccino this morning. Well, it all started in Seattle. To the west of Seattle, you have the Olympic Peninsula. That's this big rectangular-shaped mass of rock and mountains and glaciers that is heavily forested, very wet, and just a beautiful place to go hiking or just simply driving around. It's also very, very heavily logged. That's the other thing that the Pacific Northwest is famous for is their logging industry, timber, paper, all those sorts of things are enormously lucrative for the Pacific Northwest. And so some of these places that look very beautiful from the road, you go walking back a little ways, and then some timber companies clear cut the place. So it's a trade-off. The Olympic Peninsula is an accretionary terrain. The seafloor has scraped off onto the North American coast. As it was scraped off and plastered against the North American coast, it created these mountains. And we're going to take a look at some of those rocks over here. This is Mount Olympus right in the middle. Those white lines are the mountains and the snow on top of those mountains, and then you have these deep valleys, river valleys that cut through them, and you get enormous amounts of rainfall and snowfall there. And surprisingly, it's somewhat temperate. You get almost semi-subtropical types of plants there just because of the amount of water. You get a rainforest type of environment going on over there. It's an extraordinary place. We're going to switch now over to look at some photographs from the Olympic Peninsula. Here are some gulls and starfish on a big, big old beach rock. You can see the rock is dark-colored. The beach itself, the sand there, is very dark in color. All of this is because the oceanic rocks that make up the Olympic Peninsula are basalts, if you remember that from last time. Basalts are dark in color and slightly higher in density, but the coloration comes from the fact that the Olympic Peninsula is made up of oceanic crust. Here you can see the Pacific Ocean off in the distance and all of these big jagged rocks sticking up underneath them. There's some huge cracks that are left behind, and the tide smashing up against it and the big waves. You can see a big wave breaking up against that rock. It's just a great spot to wander the beach and do some sea kayaking or simply lie there on the beach. If you walk a little bit inland, you'll go into the whole rainforest where you get these enormous slugs, six, eight inches long, banana slugs. They're a vast, really quite interesting looking thing. Some people are repelled by them. Some people are fascinated by them. You've got to go see them for yourself. It's very wet. It just rains and rains and rains constantly. You get these ferns, and you get these big waterfalls going through there. It's a lovely spot. Here's another photograph of all the mosses and lichen hanging off of the trees. And because of all that rainfall, you have all these streams which come cascading off of the big black rocks that make up the Olympic Peninsula.  Here's another beautiful shot of a nice waterfall and some lichen and moss on it. This is a photograph pulled back, and now we're looking at the higher peaks in the interior. This is a shot looking up towards Mount Olympus, right in the middle. You can see some snow patches. And if you go right up to the top, Blue Glacier is a well-studied glacier. University of Washington folks have had a long-term project. They've got a hut up there, and you can hike up to the hut, and you can do all sorts of studies on the glaciology of that glacier. And here you have a deer sleeping in the underbrush, looking a little suspiciously at the photographer. Here are some kids playing on the beach. You can see again the very black color of the sand, an indication of the basaltic nature of the peninsula. Here you have these lighter-colored material, which these are sedimentary rocks. These are materials that came off of land or deposited in the ocean. And then because of these huge forces involved, the collision of the Pacific Plate and the Continental Plate, these forces have turned these rocks up on their side and deformed them and tortured them like this, broken them up into, and you can see a big crack running through them. And it's all very indicative of all the very large forces involved in producing the peninsula. This is a close-up of some of those rocks. These are a very special type of rock called turbidites, where you have a material that goes swooshing down and jumbles up all the sands and gravels and so on. And you're left with a very layered rock. It comes out like that. And just a beautiful Pacific sunset with a gull flying off in the distance. Well worth a visit. If you're in Seattle anyway to go to the space needle or have a cappuccino at Starbucks, take a drive out to the Olympic Peninsula. This slide by now should start to make sense to you. This is the first time we've seen it. We hopefully have put everything together by now. This is a cross-section, a very idealized cross-section through the ocean on the left and a continent on the right. You can think of this as the coast of Washington state or the coast of Oregon state. But it really represents a more generalized situation. This could be the Philippines. This could be Japan. It could be Alaska. It could be one of very many places. In the middle, you have an oceanic spreading ridge where hot rock comes up, meets the surface, cools off, is shoved off to the right and to the left. That material, that oceanic crustal material, this basaltic material cools off. It gets much, much more dense. As it gets shoved off to the right, it collides with the continental crust, which is much less dense. And during the collision, you get subduction of the oceanic crust underneath the continental crust. In the process of the subduction, some of the seawater and sediments get carried down across the subducting plate. And as they get carried down, they melt and they come up as a volcano. That's all going on to the right of the screen over there. And we're going to go look into this in a little bit more detail. When basalt water and sediments heat up, they melt. The basalts by themselves don't really want to melt. But you mix in this water, you mix in the sediments, and at relatively low temperatures, that mixture starts to melt. If you didn't have the seawater, if you didn't have the sediments mixed in with it, that subducting plate would have to go much, much, much deeper before it started to melt. But because the subduction process has taken the seawater and taken the sediment and grabbed it and pulled it down along with it, this mixture melts more readily. And you've seen this yourself. When you take snow out on the streets of State College or whatever town that you're in, you mix salt with it, you mix these impurities in with it, it'll melt at a much lower temperature and you can drive your car over it. So most materials, if you make them less pure, if you mix in all these other chemicals with it, like the sediments and like the water, they'll tend to melt more readily, and that's what happens with this. That mixture, once it's melt molten, now has become much less dense and it will rise up to form a volcano. That's what's going on in the left of this image over here. This subducting plate has carried seawater and sediments down with it and at a relatively shallow depth because of that mixture, because of those impurities that are mixed into the basalt, you get melting and that starts to rise up to form a volcano. That's the material, that's the picture along the right-hand side of the image. So as this mixed basalt seawater sediment mass has melted and it rises up, it forms endocytic volcanoes. It's named after the Andes Mountains. It's just a type of rock that you find in the Andes. It turns out it's the same type of rock that you have in the Cascades, that you have in Mount Ruhopehu in New Zealand, that you have in Alaska in the volcanic belt. It's very typical of these subductions on volcanoes so we all call them endocytic volcanoes. As this magma rises up, it wants to polymerize. Polymerize is a word you need to know. All it means is turning into these long chains or bonds of material. It wants to clump together to turn into the solid material. That's all that rock does as it goes from being molten to being solid is it's polymerizing. It's turning into a solid by making these long chains, these long compounds of the chemicals. It makes these long stringy units sort of like lumpy oatmeal. As this magma comes up, it comes up the top, it freezes into these long ropey stringy lumps. And more material comes up. It comes out the top of the volcano. It immediately freezes onto the side and you get these very steep-sided volcanoes. So I'm gonna draw you a picture now. I'm gonna switch over and take a look at this process. This is our subducting slab. On the left, we have the ocean, as I keep saying. And on the right, we have continental crust. And the subducting slab is taking along with it some sediments and water. Water. At a relatively shallow depth, this mixture of basaltic rock, which is the slab of sediments and of water will start to melt. It will melt, become less dense, molten, and it will rise up. All right, so this molten rock is rising up to the surface. When it gets to the surface, it will polymerize, which is simply a fancy word for freeze. Turn into a rock, turn solid, turn into a polymer, all right? As more material comes out, it will come out the top of the volcano. It will come out the top of the volcano and spill down the sides. I'm gonna zoom in on this and draw it on the next page. This is the surface of the earth. You have this molten rock coming up. It polymerizes at the surface. It just freezes on. More stuff pushes through that, comes to the surface, spills down, and freezes on. And more stuff pushes through that, spills down the sides, and freezes on. And more stuff, eventually, you build a tall, steep volcano known as a stratovolcano. V-O-L-C-A-N-O, stratovolcano, means tall, steep volcano, all right? So this is the process by which all of the subduction zone volcanoes are made. You have molten rock, which is formed deep inside the earth where that subducting slab, off the bottom of the screen there, that subducting slab has melted because of the addition of the rock and of the sediment and the seawater. You have this molten material. It rises up, weird breakthrough, the crust. It freezes on in the air, and when it freezes on, more stuff breaks through that and spills down the side and over and over and over again. And you end up with these tall, steep stratovolcanoes, all right? And this process goes on and on and on. However, occasionally, what happens is you get this stratovolcano. For example, Mount St. Helens. And you have some hot molten material rising up through it. So this is molten rock. Let's see if we can't spell rock properly. Molten and acidic rock, it's rising up through there. It gets to the top and there's been a cap on top of this volcano that prevents the molten rock from getting out, all right? So this rock is rising up. And for one reason or another, you have a hard, impervious cap on top of the volcano. And this molten rock is trapped underneath this cap. And in the case of Mount St. Helens, more and more material was rising up underneath there and this cap was bulging and getting pressurized, all right? So let's switch back briefly to the PowerPoint presentation and we'll discuss how this then leads to those catastrophic Mount St. Helens explosive volcanic eruptions. The water, the magma of this molten rock, as it's rising, doesn't freeze within the earth. It stays liquid inside the earth. It's only when it gets to the surface that the CO2 and water that's inside escapes up out of the magma and that's when it freezes on. And that's why you get these steep volcanoes. The stuff is molten all the way up. As it gets near the surface, the water and CO2 are released from it into the atmosphere and then what's left behind is plain old basalt and it freezes on and you have a nice, wonderful steep volcano. Sometimes a rock forms a cap and when that happens, the pressure starts to build. You've got this magma coming up inside, you've got a cap over the thing, the steam, the CO2 can't escape, you're starting to build to a disaster. That's what happens with these straddle volcanoes. It's like releasing a cork on a champagne bottle or on a Coke bottle if you're under 21. The pressure, the CO2, is dissolved into the Coke and when you pop the top on that, it fizzes out. It's all liquid in there as long as it's under pressure. You've got a cap on that Coke bottle. As soon as you pop that Coke bottle, it fizzes out all over your hand if you've shaken it up a little bit and that's a very small example but that's exactly what goes on to the volcano. You've got a cap on it, the magma's coming up from underneath, the CO2 and the water can't escape, the pressure builds, the pressure builds, the pressure builds. Something happens to crack the cap. In the case of your Coke or Pepsi bottle, you simply pop the pop top and that's it. In the case of Mount St. Helens, a small earthquake cracked the cap and the CO2 and the water came shooting out, the pressure dropped and everything exploded. Mount St. Helens, 20th of May, 1980. Coke bottle writ large. Champagne bottle, disastrous champagne bottle, all right? This is another picture of Mount St. Helens again. Just a massive destructive force. The magma contains water and CO2. If there's a cap over it, can't get out, pressure builds, something comes along, a small earthquake that cracks that cap and now suddenly all of that pressure that's been built up starts to get released and then it just goes on and on, releases more, which opens the crack some more, you release some more, open the crack some more and the whole thing takes off and you get this huge explosion, all right? That's all it is, it's relatively simple. You can't predict perfectly when it's gonna happen but it happens over and over and over again. Mount St. Helens has exploded a number of times the last thousand years, all of the Cascades volcanoes have and so you have this cycle of pressure building up and then explosion. In the case of Crater Lake, that explosion was so enormous it just blew the whole top of that mountain off and all that's left is that big round lake. There's a different kind of volcano, one that isn't quite so destructive. These are the hotspot volcanoes. These are the volcanoes of Hawaii. Hawaii's the best example of them. There's a few of them around the world but Hawaii is the best example of them. It's the one that's easiest to get to, it's the one that has a national park associated with it. Sometimes a plume of magma will come up from deep inside the asthenosphere. Now this is not the same as a subduction zone. If you remember, subduction zone volcanoes, astral volcanoes was when you had oceanic crust going down and at a relatively shallow depth because of the mixture of water and sediments that basalt would melt and it would come up. The hotspot volcano is very different. In a hotspot volcano, that material is coming from deep inside, hundreds, maybe even 1,000 kilometers inside the asthenosphere. Maybe even as deep as a core mound boundary. We really don't understand hotspot volcanoes very well. They're one of the really most enigmatic features of the natural system today for volcanologists and for earth scientists. So they're really a fascinating thing. Why are they produced so deep inside in those places and not in other places? We don't really know. But for some reason, deep down inside the asthenosphere, this plume of magma comes up and this magma, because it comes from so deep inside the earth, picks up a lot of iron and that iron also prevents polymerization. It keeps the magma molten. Unlike stratovolcanoes, iron can't escape. With the stratovolcanoes, CO2 and water could escape and the magma would freeze instantly. With these hotspot volcanoes, they come up, the iron can't go anywhere. The iron's not gonna just evaporate and disappear into the atmosphere. And so even after the magma comes up to the surface, you still have it spreading out. It doesn't freeze instantly. You've probably seen pictures of Hawaiian big lava flows that spread for miles and miles. Big rivers of lava that just spread for miles and miles. They haven't frozen on. And the reason they haven't frozen is because you have so much iron mixed in with them that they stay molten even at really, really high temperatures. Even at really low temperatures. Sorry. So these lava flows stay molten. Long, long, even though they're up in the cold air, they still stay molten because of all this iron that's mixed in with them. And in the end, you end up with these broad, gentle, sloping mountains known as shield volcanoes. Stratovolcanoes are these big, steep ones. Why? Because the magma comes up, water and CO2 escapes, and the magma instantly polymerizes, and you just get these steep volcanoes because the magma can't run very far away from the mouth of the volcano. In Hawaii, on the other hand, the magma comes up. It's got lots of iron in it because it comes from deep inside the earth, comes up to the surface, comes into the cold air, and it still runs way off to the side before it finally freezes, and then more comes up and it spreads way off to the side, and you get these gentle, broad, large volcanoes. It's like a gladiator's shield. That's why they're called shield volcanoes. If you were to look at them in cross-section, they'd be broad and rounded. These hotspots are fixed in location inside the earth, but as we talked about before, the surface of the earth is moving around all the time. These plates on the surface are sliding to east and to west all the time, but the hotspot itself is fixed, and so as the overriding plate goes by, the position of the volcano changes because the hotspot is fixed in location, but the overriding plate is moving, and so you get these series of volcanoes one after the other, and I'll show a picture of that here. What we're looking at in the left picture is a fixed hotspot. The material's just always coming up in the same spot over and over again, but the plate above it is moving, and as that plate moves, a new volcano comes up in a different spot, and then the plate moves again and a new volcano comes up, and the plate moves again and a new volcano comes up. Those older volcanoes slowly get eroded and disappear as they go off to the side, all right? And that's why Hawaii is this long chain of islands. You have the big island where there's current eruption going on, and then you have this whole chain of islands off to the northwest, where older volcanoes have been carried off to the northwest and eroded one after the other. Hawaii is the best known hotspot, but there's a whole bunch of them around the world. Iceland is another one, and the Galapagos Islands and so on, so as I said, they're very poorly understood, but they're very intriguing nonetheless. This photograph here is showing that chain of islands. Hawaii is in the bottom left, and then you have this long line of volcanoes stretching off to the northwest, known as the Hawaiian Ridge, Midway Island, and the Emperor's Sea Mountain Chain continue on off to the north over there, and this is simply showing the Pacific Plate as it moved off to the northwest, carried volcano after volcano after volcano off into the distance. So, hazards. Volcanoes are hazardous, we know that. You can see that. All the pictures that I've showed you of this, the ash and the heat and the blast, that's the biggest hazard.  If there's a danger that it's gonna explode, go somewhere else. All right, that's the first thing you can do. The second is you can't just go 100 feet away, or 1,000 feet away, or even 10 miles away, because this blast from the volcano can kill you even if you're 10 miles away. The gases are hot, 300 degrees plus, and that blast is fast, hundreds of miles per hour, it's on shooting down the side of the mountain, so it'll knock you over. The gases are heavy, and so they flow along the ground.  They flow along the ground, it's known as a Nui Ardent, a glowing cloud in French. There's a famous tragic example on the island of Montserrat where one of these clouds came blasting through and killed everybody in the town, except for one guy who was locked up in the basement of the prison, and the heavy thick walls of it saved him, because it didn't get as hot in there, but everybody else in the town was killed. The second kind of hazard are the ashes and cinder. Those can spread much further away. Those can spread tens of miles, as much as 50 or 70 miles away from the Sanford Parse. These are the pyroclastic flows, all of the smaller pieces that spread out that can clog engines that can bury houses and roads. Finally, landslide and avalanche. All of the heat generated from this will melt glaciers, and then you'll get floods that go along with them. So these are some of the hazards associated with volcanoes. Another hazard that's a little bit less well known, but is still quite dramatic is the CO2. The carbon dioxide that comes up from one of these volcanoes can kill you in high enough concentrations. Lake Nios in Cameroon in Africa is on a hot spot, and the lake itself was filled up with CO2 until a small earthquake triggered a turnover of the lake. All the CO2 escaped out all at once, and there was a couple of villages near the lake where everybody died because they were suffocated. There was too much carbon dioxide and not enough oxygen in the air, and they just died of suffocation. So CO2 seeped into the lake. Something disturbed the lake and the CO2 escaped, and it suffocated hundreds of people that were living downhill from the lake. It was quite a tragic event back in the 80s. Nowadays, they just pump the CO2 out to keep it from building up, but this could happen in other places as well. The second type of, or the third type of hazard, so you have all the hazards associated with living right near a volcano, noir or dent, pyroplastic flows, those kinds of things. You have the second type of hazard, the CO2, the gases build up. The final type of hazard is a tsunami. A tsunami is a huge ocean wave that occurs when an earthquake occurs underwater, and then that earthquake can generate a big ocean wave. A large volcano can also generate one of these huge ocean waves. When there was an island in Indonesia, Krakatau, that blew up, and when Krakatau exploded, it created this enormous cloud of dust and debris that traveled around the world. But another thing that happened was when that island exploded, because it was an island, there was a huge wave that was generated that spread out from Krakatau that killed thousands and thousands of people. The tsunami that was generated in 2004 was an earthquake-generated tsunami, and earthquake in a subduction zone let loose and generated a tsunami that spread across. We're gonna show you a movie now, an animation of what happens when that tsunami occurs. This is an animation of the surface of the water in the Indian Ocean in the minutes and hours after that earthquake. As you can see, the effects of it spread outwards from the earthquake location, they do it relatively slowly. It took a couple of hours for it to spread right across the Indian Ocean, but for the island of Sumatra, which was right there, we're gonna run this animation again for you, for the island of Sumatra that's right there, the waves were enormous. Let's take another look at this. This is right after the earthquake, and as that wave spreads out, it piles up against the island of Sumatra, and you get these huge waves that spread way inland, and this wave also spreads to the west, across the Indian Ocean, and there's India and Ceylon off to the left of the screen, and if this animation were to run for long enough, you would see that that wave would eventually hit the island of Sri Lanka and the coast of India. We're gonna run it one more time, and you can see the wave as it spreads out. Oh, there it goes. It hits the island of Sumatra, and the waves build up on the coast, and that's where 250,000 people died. So tragically, the day after Christmas, Boxing Day, December 26, 2004. It was a truly monumental disaster. Okay, so we need to make sure that we prevent these kinds of hazards, these kinds of disasters from happening. What happens is as the wave gets closer and closer to shore, the sea bottom is getting closer and closer to the surface, there's less room left over for that water, so as this wave comes along, it builds up and builds up, and it strikes with great force flooding out villages, people, roads and infrastructure are gone, and once roads and infrastructure are gone, all the people that survived the direct effect of the wave now have to deal with disease and hunger. The wells are, quite often, the water wells are polluted and so they don't have clean drinking water, and it's just a disaster situation. All right, so next time, we're gonna talk about collision of continents. This time we were talking about collision of oceans with continental crust. Next time, we're gonna talk about collision of two continents and what happens when two continents collide. Stay tuned.


It's of course. I'm Rick Instagram Thanks on patreon phone should account and subscribe if you haven't hit that like button help it It's so juicy. I've never tried to do a Gilbert Godford. Yeah, it's a hard one because it's such a iconic voice It's an iconic voice. Yeah, I have to really work on it, but RIP RIP Gilbert Godford Anyway, it's very shocking this drop last night. I think it was around 5 a.m. Our time It's a new it's how you pronounce her name congana congana. That's my yeah Renault, yeah, okay, if that's if that's wrong, please I've thought that's how you pronounce her name ever since we saw the very first trailer.  We do not not true But we make fun of her statement that she made but I would make fun of anybody who said it It's the only time we actually think she's a very talented.  Oh, it's not that I just can have a different opinion I hate him because by the way Ricky Dervais was right just because you're offended doesn't mean you're right But anyways, so we got a a new congana Renault trailer Once again, we both think he's a very talented actress and stuff that we've seen of hers Oh, we better like the trailer though Corbin. It's true But otherwise otherwise we'll get a lot of hate apparently this is like a big and it's not it's a teaser Sorry, but it's like a big action film of hers cool big action film awesome Which is really cool. I don't know anything other than that in a world where people are people put out the fire on Virginia is coming to set a blaze Screen is a high-octane action cool in a bold we need we need more. I'm assuming she's a bold stance and a bold stance I'm assuming for those. I'm assuming she's the lead and we absolutely need more action heroes who are female Man was the last big one. There's a couple in the early black widow was as far as American film I guess Captain Marvel. I guess right. Yeah You still have a lot like Tomb Raider and yeah stuff like that Salt yeah, yeah for for a good while. I haven't seen you But yeah, let's just get into this bad boy I think they said it's either mostly no dialogue or it's in English. So Cool, and is that do I see is that a release date May of 2022? Yep, cool. Here we go Not one joke here we go. Oh wow.  Yeah, obviously though. We just saw the action parts. It's very similar to the beast almost Hey, there's good seems like this is gonna be a kick-ass person right gonna come in and just kick a lot of ass Yeah, right, but the cinematography in this Lomas looked The Blade Runner the new yeah, like Blade Runner 2049 colors were very hyper very stylized very much, and it was absolutely gorgeous and the action was one bloody and Good some and good. Yeah. Yeah, it looked it looked grounded And so another thing I've been saying recently. We're in the age of Indian cinema where the VFX and The money put into VFX Yep, which is actually the probably more important because they've always had the technology the same as we have but we In the Hollywood just puts a shit ton of money into their yeah, yeah films, right? We're now on even playing field that the there's no real drop-off Like no, we've just getting so many Outside of the logs and push bar though We've seen a bit in the three years which is very little time But in that three-year period a lot have ground a lot of ground has been made up from all the industries to to High high level visual effects artistry the cinematography has always been been gorgeous but yeah, I I love this she she she looks badass. Yeah, she looks like a combination of like salt and Good grief Mr. Mrs. Smith no jokers girl. Oh Harley Quinn. Thank you Harley Quinn I should like the different looks that she had and she seems like she's a little bit crazy Love the screaming vocals on the music I That that was a great teaser a fierce and tough international spy embarks on an action-filled adventure with guns a blazing That's what it looked like exactly what exactly would it look like give me exactly that that'll be a lot of fun I don't need a trailer. Yeah, I mean if you bring one, please keep it at two minutes But yeah that alone is enough to make me want to go see this. Let's see casting is by oh no It kind of does everything does yeah, he's it's who else is in this it looks like just her at least I mean, there's a few other people but nobody that I'm really that we would pick up just by name do we does it show? Stunt choreography who's working on that we'd have to go deep dive into that Would be in a filmmakers. That's okay. Would it be into filmmakers? Yeah, it'd be under they should be listed somewhere along there in the crew There's there's visual effects effects stunts. So it looks like coordinator Oh skyfall one of us that's a performer. Sorry and Cameron Hiltz from Jurassic World Dominion So it looks like they got a bunch of hollywood 2049 Yeah, the stunt coordinators from blade runner 2049 and skyfall and and dune well This is a performer the stunts are gonna be off the charts guys the stunt coordinator stunts are gonna be off the charts So I don't obviously there's a lot of stunt coordinator for a big film like this Yeah, a lot of action. There's quite a few stunt coordinators Yeah, but all there's two that are from hollywood. It looks like one it looks like He does a lot of the action. Those are all salmon con action films.  I promise you. Yeah, if that was an Angelina Jolie trailer Yeah, everyone would be talking about it.  They'd be talking about the trailer the way we are I think it looks badass and it's fantastic. Once again. I know you guys think we hate her We don't I can make fun of people and still like them the other the other thing it Well, he could have been Nawaz and he has good reason to yeah like I'm the I'm Daniel Dillis I'm better than Daniel Dillis. I've been like, okay That's a weird And it's like it's a difference between so like when somebody does something like Criminal and morally reprehensible like a Kevin Spacey.  Yeah, you know what I mean Yeah, it depends on how blatant their offenses are exactly, but And there's people that I personally like might not like and I've heard maybe they're their assholes But that they still the other thing is it's a collaborative effort So you've got all these other people doing this wonderful work that and again, we don't have a problem We had one issue guys one One don't call yourself Meryl Street. Yeah, don't How about how about Roddy could have said it and I would have made fun of Roddy cop And you know how much I love Roddy cop there Alia could have said yeah I don't care any actress that says I'm better than because the point is it's not that you're just comparing yourself to Meryl Streep The point is you're saying I'm better than and you shouldn't say that I'm only bringing all that up because people always accuse us of hating her Making fun of somebody's statement is not hating on a person or not understanding the appeal like me with Salman Khan Doesn't mean I hate Salman Khan everything. We've seen of hers. We thought she was good at yeah, and we've seen very little I'd like to see more my favorite thing obviously we had nothing but accolades for Rossi She was not not Rossi Ronnie Queen Queen. Yeah, Ronnie Which is Queen So yeah, yeah, I think it looks badass me too. I'm so hoping it lives up to I'm gonna show the trailer to Indrani Yeah, I think I think a lot of people man the cinematography is so good Just every and it was a well-cut trailer. Yep, everything the color every single frame. You can go for it This is a gray shot. That's a nice gray. There's a red shot. There's a blue shot. There's a Man cinematography on this is top-notch. So shout out to the cinematographer pay your cinematographers. They're Some of the most important people On a film set. Anyways, that was great. Yeah, please. I know you thought about the trailer Which be the next congana Bernal? Film and and Meryl Streep film which one of those should we watch too? I didn't make the joke this time


Your Excellency, Chairman of the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference 2018, ITU Secretary-General and Elected Officials, Your Excellencies, Ministers, Heads of Delegation, Distinguished Guests, All Protocols Observed. First, allow me to, on behalf of the Rwandan Delegation, to thank the Government of UAE for the warm welcome and the impeccable organization. Your Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, Rwanda's ICT sector has registered tremendous progress over the last 24 years, thanks to the leadership of our President and the partnership of ITU that has paved way for the private players to collaborate and co-invest in rolling out high broadband networks across the country. As we continue to seek ways to achieve our ambitious vision of becoming a knowledge-best economy, we've prioritized leveraging this state-of-the-art infrastructure to support the development of homegrown innovative solutions that address challenges that are unique to our continent. We are witness to the improved healthcare, delivery powered by drones, citizens and businesses in Rwanda are able to access services online, driving an inclusive, cashless and paperless economy. The impact of this new wave of innovations in developing economies is very transformational, making it possible to leapfrog generations of long-established technologies. Your Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, Rwanda family believes that the role of ITU in bringing together member states to debate key policy issues and work towards a sustainable digital future is crucial today more than ever. The Fourth Industrial Revolution is gaining momentum with some of the emerging technologies growing exponentially. I would like to call on all member states to work together for a stronger union capable of responding to the expectations of the membership, both now and in the future. Particular attention needs to be paid to ICT development issues in order to avoid a digital chasm between developed and the developing countries, which will have far greater consequences in the Fourth Industrial Revolution than the digital divide in connectivity alone. Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, Rwanda is firmly convinced that the key role of ITU is to bring together member states to debate key issues in terms of sustainable digital economy policies. During the Fourth Industrial Revolution, where certain technologies are growing exponentially, it is more important that all member states work together for a stronger union to enable a future. For this reason, Rwanda is seeking re-election to the ITU Council to continue working with all of you towards this noble goal. As part of the 13 member states that have been endorsed by the African Union, we pledge our continuous support to the broader ITU vision and reiterate our commitment towards total global digital inclusion. Thank you for your kind attention. I thank you for your kind attention. Thank you.


Okay, rating for each op-man number two, connoisseur number two. I give this baby an 8 out of 10 Really starts off really light as far as the cigar goes But as you as you went past halfway, it gets more brilliant and more flavorful Okay, brilliant smoke, brilliant smoke Each op-man I don't know. I don't think it's gonna show How about that?


My fellow sniffers, my name is Marlene McCohen, and this is Picasso, my mustache parakeet, and we would like to welcome you to Storytime Sunday. Just in case you were wondering what a sniffer is, Picasso is my best sniff. If you have a bird, you probably already are a closet sniffer, but if you're new to the bird world, that is okay. Just go and smell your bird right now. And if you can smell him like right on the nostril, and if you can get the delicacy, which is when he breathes out, you breathe in. I know I'm insane, but I feel like we do have to go over this. Then you have got like the delicacy sniff. It's like the sniff that used to work really hard to get. Other than that, they just smell good all the time. Picasso smells like baby powder and the best flowers in the world. Picasso, are you going to stay with me today throughout this video? I have this weird feeling Picasso is going to fly away, but today's video is actually, today's video is about a mustache parakeet, but not Picasso, which is probably why he's flying away. Today's video is going to be about my mustache parakeet Malibu. That was my first mustache parakeet ever. Picasso is my second. Picasso probably knows that the story is not about him because he might have heard when I was setting up and he's just like, I'm out. You probably know that I've never had to bribe Picasso before to be in my videos. Usually he just sits very quietly, but today I am bribing him with a Q tip. It's a very nice and easy toy in case you want to keep your bird busy on a whim. If you watch my last week's parrot tip Tuesday video on makeshift toys, this is another great makeshift toy. But before we get to the story of the day, let's do our engage not cage feature. Today's bird is going to be a gorgeous bird. It is turquoise turkey. This is a beautiful bird named Cosmo. He's a conure. He's so gorgeous. Just look at his pictures and how the colors stand out. I love it. This bird has caught my attention on multiple occasions. For those of you wondering how to get your bird featured on this channel, hashtag engage not caged on Instagram and follow me at Marlene McCohen and also you should follow engage not cage the page. I love how you guys are so great at posting your birds. I'm obsessed with them. They are so cute. And then what's really great about Instagram is I can go to your profile and check out all the other photos of your birds. So give it up for this gorgeous conure Cosmo. His beautiful, beautiful bird and his companion is quite pretty herself with her beautiful purple hair. Yeah, I saw that. I like that. That was really cool. Right before that, by the way, I had went into my sister's room and said, I think I want my hair to be blue. And she was like, uh, yeah, your red phase didn't get you over that. And I'm like, no, I want blue. But that's a whole different story. Let's move on to today's story about Malibu, the mustache parakeet. Don't leave. Don't leave. I hope that doesn't make you angry. If you guys remember the story of how I got my first African grade, George, you'll remember that I got that bird with a roommate. My roommate and I put our money together to get a bird. But before that, I had a mustache parakeet named Malibu. And Malibu was my sidekick. He didn't like to be pet or head scratched, but he wanted to be with me all the time. He was incredibly entertaining, super busy bird, love to fly. I just love this bird. He had such a great personality. He also talked a lot. He said, hello, and pretty bird and a few other things. One day, my roommate decided to get her own cockatiel and this cockatiel was a really cute bird. She had moved out. So she asked me to babysit the cockatiel. Obviously she was having parrot withdrawals when she moved out and she really wanted a bird. So she went and got her own little bird. And of course, when people know me, who do you think they asked to babysit their bird? Well, me. Well, my Malibu was not taking this very well. He wouldn't let the bird sit next to him. He wouldn't interact with the bird. He didn't want to share his toys with the bird. And he was overall just very jealous, kind of like how Picasso is right now with Cody. Aren't you like that with Cody right now? Which is very surprising because Picasso is such a welcoming bird. But Picasso likes to have like his one best friend. And right now that is Jersey. So he's really just not interested in Cody. So Malibu was behaving like that towards this bird. I don't remember this bird's name, but it was a really sweet bird. We had to find a temporary spot for the bird. I lived in an apartment and Malibu already had his whole cage set up. So I had this idea. Let's give this bird a name. By the way, how about Bambi? I don't know why that's just such a cute name. Someone better named their bird Bambi because now I think that is the cutest name. So we decided to put Bambi's cage because I had another roommate at the time. We decided to put Bambi's cage kind of next to the counter. So there was a counter that was into the kitchen, but I put the cage in the living room close to the counter. The next day, I find out that at the bottom of Bambi's cage, there's a whole bunch of pennies. And I'm thinking of myself, did Bambi come out and pull pennies from somewhere and bring them in his cage? I couldn't figure it out.  And clearly they keep giving the bird the pennies because the bird is dropping them on the bottom of their cage. The bird can't get them anymore because they're below the bars. So I decided that I'm going to keep my eye on the bird. But of course, I can't focus on the bird all day long. I let the bird out.  So I'm thinking that Bambi is going to go over and play with the coins. And I'm excited because I want to see Bambi play with the coins. I think that would be so cute. Like is Bambi bringing them to the cage to collect them?  So I was thinking maybe Bambi has a thing for pennies and just loves that maybe Bambi loves the colors of the pennies. This is really exciting. Here Bambi, here's the penny dish. What do you want to do with it? Do you want to play with the pennies? Bambi goes nowhere near the pennies. I'm like, hmm, here Bambi, here's the penny. You want to hold it? No. Bambi's not interested in the pennies. What? How come this bird is not interested in these pennies at all? I bring them all out. I line them up. I think Bambi wants to play with them. No such luck. In fact, my bird starts walking over Malibu and starts looking at the pennies and kind of throwing them around and playing with them. And I'm like, oh, okay. Malibu likes the pennies, but this explains nothing to me. So another day goes by. I've taken all of the pennies out of Bambi's cage. I'm not going to leave them there. I don't know what Bambi's going to do with them. And we're starting afresh. I wake up the next day and I go to class. I come home in the afternoon and there's a ton of pennies in Bambi's cage. I haven't been home. Where is Bambi getting these pennies from? This makes no sense to me. About an hour later, my roommate walks in the door, the current roommate, not the one that I was babysitting her bird. And he goes, Hey, Marlene, have you seen what Malibu's been doing? And I'm like, no. He goes, come look at this. And he shows me all the pennies at the bottom of Bambi's cage. I'm like, I know these pennies. What is happening here? He's like, Malibu's doing that. I'm like, Malibu's not doing that. Malibu plays with the pennies. I saw Malibu play with the pennies. He's like, no. When I let Malibu out today, because my roommate was very accustomed to the birds and loved playing with the birds, he would have his breakfast with Malibu and things and hang out and really relax and chill with Malibu. He said, when I let Malibu out today, every time I turned around, I would hear clink. He said, I was wondering, what is this noise? It sounded like a penny. But I couldn't see that Malibu had dropped any pennies. And I'm like, okay. So then he tells me he hid himself to see what the noise was because it was driving him insane. He suddenly heard like a penny fall, but there was none on the floor. Because you have to imagine he was like inside the kitchen, then there's the counter and then Bambi's cage was outside. Malibu was on the counter in between them. So he's expecting a penny to fall on the floor where he is because that's where you would be able to hear it on a little bit of a harder floor. The rest was all carpeted. So he knew that there's no way Malibu was throwing the pennies over there. So he hid himself and he watched and he told me that Malibu was picking up the pennies, walking on top of Bambi's cage and waiting and trying to drop it on Bambi's head. We're talking about multiple pennies. He of course stopped him after that. He didn't bother to remove the pennies from the bottom, but he said this bird is really jealous of Bambi and he's trying to torture Bambi. He was picking up pennies, going over there and creating a very fine-tuned target. Lucky he didn't hit Bambi because Bambi was probably aware and quick as well. I didn't believe it. I took all the pennies out of the cage and took Bambi out of the cage and I wanted to see. And what does Malibu do? I caught him. He picked up a penny. He walked over to where he thought Bambi was going to be and Bambi was not in the cage and looked and I could see that he was planning to drop it. He was planning his aim. What is the moral of this story? That birds are evil. No, it's not actually. It's just that birds have so many of the same feelings that we have that you would never expect them to have. Like jealousy? Like this bird is quite obviously jealous. If you guys own more than one bird, you know what I'm talking about. One has a toy. The other has a toy. One gets this.  He goes to bite me now. He never bites. It doesn't really hurt. But I'm like Picasso, what has gotten into you? They change. They have feelings of jealousy. I could not believe that my little angel was planning a massive attack on an innocent cockatiel. I moved the bird's cage. I give the cockatiel so much love. I wanted him to know that he was loved and I hid all my relations with Bambi from Malibu at that moment. I took him aside and kept him in my room and we had some private sniffy time where my bird couldn't see because I didn't know what my bird was going to do. There's things to be learned from this, namely that one, birds are jealous and two, they can take action on their jealousy, not just by biting, not just by ignoring you, not just by screaming, but by planning attacks. Like birds are wise enough to plan attacks, which is why in my toys video, I also went over the dangers of having heavy loose toys around not because your bird is a closet serial killer, but because they can really just drop things on each other by accident. Although in this story my bird is in fact a closet murderer, which I wasn't too happy to discover, but I was impressed with his thought process. I just did not condone that kind of behavior. I remember this story. I don't know why I remembered this story. I think I actually remembered this story because I was making the toy video for you guys and I thought I have got to share this story. So that is our storytime Sunday of the day, right Picasso? We want to thank you guys so much for tuning in and I'm going to leave you with a question of the day. One question will help me with the channel. I want to know, do you guys enjoy or look forward to seeing which bird is going to be the engaged, not caged bird of the day? I want to know if you guys like that. I really, really do. I've done it on a few videos now and it's hard to know if you guys are enjoying it, waiting for it. So if you would leave me that in the comments, I would love that.  Let me know in the comments. I would love to know your answers to both of those questions. If you guys want to follow me on social media, come you're welcome. Stock me on Instagram at Marlene McCohen. And if you want me to see your beautiful birdies, come join my parent station group on Facebook. We have like 26,000 members. I could have never dreamed your birds are so gorgeous. Your videos are gorgeous. The community is great. We do our best to help each other out. So please come visit, show me your bird, introduce your bird, do not be shy. And if you are new to the bird world or just interested in products that I love and buy for my bird, check out my link below called products I love. There's descriptions in there and there's so many things for your birds, for DIY toys, for cages, for purchase, for cleaning, for cleaning secrets from me, because I put a lot of details into that. These are things that I have in my house for my birds and also things that I know you guys buy for your birds. Check that out. Thank you guys so much. Please remember to comment, subscribe, like this video and share. Bye.