In this video I want to help you to understand what a p-value is when we do research. Now I'm going to use the Wolfram language inside of Mathematica to show you what it's all about. So don't be worried about the fact that I'm using a computer language. It is not about the computer language. I'm just using it instead of using PowerPoint. So no PowerPoint slides. I'm going to show you some code. It's not about the code. I'm not trying to teach you how to write the computer code. It is only used instead of PowerPoint for instance so that I can show you what a p-value is all about. Now I've chosen Mathematica in the Wolfram language though because it is a fantastic language to do your statistical analysis in and then also to demonstrate the meaning behind things. How things work. So I'm not going to show you. It's not about showing you equations of the p-value.  I'm going to start off by doing something completely different though. I want us to go back to school and remember what the equations are for the areas of a shape because believe it or not that is what a p-value is. So let's just start with that. Now I'm here inside Mathematica and I'm going to show you just a few of the reasons why I always choose Mathematica above say Python or Julia. There is so much built into Mathematica. There's knowledge built into the language. It's a fantastic computer language. One of the reasons why I absolutely love it is instead of writing code I can write a normal English sentence. I can click here and say I want a Wolfram Alpha query and I'm simply going to type in area of a square. So I did nothing special. I didn't write any code, nothing like that. I hit enter and it's going to query the Wolfram Alpha database and give me all this beautiful knowledge about the area of a square and that's just me asking a plain simple question. So there we have a square. Remember the two sides are equal to each other and if I have a side A and the other side A, the area of the square is just a squared. You remember that from school. That's not a problem. Now it gives you all sorts of other information about the areas of squares. Look at that. It's all fantastic beautiful. I want you just to think about the area of a square though. Let's forget that computer language for a minute although I do love it. So let's look at the area of a triangle. Can you remember that? There you go. You can see how to calculate the area of a triangle and you see if the sides are A, B and C exactly how to do that and again all sorts of extra information. Let's go on to something that's a bit more difficult. You remember the area of a circle and there we go. If the radius is A, the area of a circle is pi A squared or pi radius squared, pi R squared. Let's do one more. The area of an ellipse. Now believe it or not we're working our way to understanding the p-value. So here we have a major axis, a smaller axis here and we see that if that is x and y or A and B at least the area is then pi times A times B. Simple enough. All sorts of extra information. Let's try one. Let's try one more. Alpha, Wolfram Elf Aquarium. I'm going to say what is the area of a trapezoid. Let's see if we can do that and there you go. If those are the areas of the trapezoid, there is your equation for the area of a trapezoid. All sorts of extra information once again. Let's bring it back to a p-value though. Believe it or not the most important shape that we are going to deal with here is the area of a rectangle and that's quite simple. Let's see what it is and there you go. If we have sides A and B the area of a rectangle is just A times B. Very very simple. Let's move down through all the information we can get from the language and now knowing that we are talking about the area of a shape let me build your intuition for what a p-value is and we're going to start off by just taking a simple die.   These are discrete values though. Discrete meaning I can only roll a one, a two, a three, a four.   I'm going to simulate that with a very easy piece of code. As I said remember this is not about the code but this is this little line that you see here. That's how easy it is.  Don't worry about that. The next line of code is what it's all about. Let's execute that and that's called a bar chart. So you see at the bottom here one, two, three, four, five, six so that is what I rolled and if I just hover over there you can see how many times you know this is completely random. Well it's actually called CEDO random but that's a different story. I rolled it at random 10,000 times and it seems I got 1,586 times it landed on one, 1,660 times it landed on two, 1,708 times it landed on three. What you can notice though is that it's you know this was random so it's almost exactly the same. One more thing I want you to notice is if I added all these values well it had to add up to 10,000 because I rolled it 10,000 times but let's just express this bar chart as something else, something that looks slightly familiar, slightly similar but actually means something different. It's called a histogram. Now you see this histogram same sort of thing I see one, two, three, four, five, six at the bottom but instead of the how many times it was you know how many times it occurred when I rolled my die it says what was the probability of landing on a three, on a four, on a five, on a six. Now let's go back up to one you see it was 1,586 and lo and behold well let's choose this one there we go. 1,660 times it to occurred and if I go down I see the probability was 0.166 well that's almost similar or it seems all I did was I took how many times it occurred the 1,660 and I divided it by 10,000 because that is the probability of it having landed on two and remember the area of a rectangle that is just the base times the height we looked at that that was just a times b now these are discrete values remember I control a five and a half so the base there of the two what we are saying to ourselves when we are talking about just just go with me here a little bit that we are saying that the base is equal to a length of one it is discrete now even if it was something that was smaller than one it being discrete means we take it as a unit length just one and the height is 0.166 of my probability histogram here and 0.166 times one equals 0.166 and that is the probability the p value I can ask you if I roll to 10,000 times what was the probability of getting a two well it was 0.166 and that was the p value it's the probability of something having happened having done your experiment you notice there it is simply geometric area that is just a p value it is a it is just a geometric area as simple as that now let's ram things up a bit or at least let's just do something that is not random there's actually an equation for what is happening here and it's called a probability density equation or probability density function it will tell us very nicely what each of these p values should be now remember this was done at random and everything being equal all of these should have been exactly the same and there's an equation for that and it is this equation that we see here the probability density function it says the probability x of hitting anything between a minimum and a maximum so that's a and b the minimum that you could roll was a one the maximum that you can roll was this b which was a six so the probability of hitting anything between these so a one a two a three or five four five or six was one divided by one minus a plus b so let's just do that so it's one over one minus one plus six and that is just one over six and I can ask Mathematica to express that in for me in approximate form so that's 0.166 so the p value for each of these theoretically should be 0.166 because it's there's equal likelihood if my if I'm if there's nothing wrong with my die or the way I roll it or the floor it lands on the table it lands on that should be the probability what I want to you to see here though is I can create a mathematical equation called a probability density function that allows me not to have to draw this but to just work out what the probability would be and that is you know we're going to build on that and that eventually is the equation from which we get a p value after doing a normal medical or other kind of study notice that I can develop a function that can represent the solution for me now let's do something else I've still got my die and now I get another one out now I've got a pair of dice now we can call it dice I like saying with dice as opposed to a die that just sounds so so weird anyway so I've got my pair of die or my dice and I'm going to roll them both I've got two of them and I'm going to roll them 10 000 times I can't do that but I can ask a mathematician to do that for me and I've saved in this variable called dice and I can say let's look at the first what was the first 10 rolls and you see this is called a list of lists I rolled a three and a two next I picked it up rolled a five and a one picked it up rolled a four and a three picked it up rolled a four and a one picked it up rolled a six and a one picked it up rolled a one and a six rolled it up picked it up rolled a six and a five that's my first 10 rolls now let's do something let's just add each of these so it'll be three and two is five five and one is six four and three is seven four and one is five et cetera so I'm just going to total up each of those rolls now how many so I mean I could can roll a 1 and a 1 that's 2 and I can roll a 6 and a 6 that's 12 so it goes from a minimum of 2 to a maximum of 12. Now which one which one from 2 to 12 do you think occurs most commonly? I think naturally you would reason to yourself well it's I mean you've rolled a pair of dice before you know that two ones or two sixes at least is very rare to hit two sixes much more common to do the others. So is there some pattern here? Now remember all I did was I rolled two things that have equal likelihood of any of the sides you know lining face up so what is going to develop here? So let's have a quick look let's tally all of these and it says I rolled 277 twos, 588 threes a bit more, even more fours, even more fives, even more sixes, even more sevens but when it gets to eight I start going down again 9 less still, 10 less still, 11 less still and 12 you know even less. So let's do a little bar chart of that and see what happens. There we go there's our bar chart and look at that is that not one of the most beautiful well this is discrete it's not continuous values and again I can't roll a seven and a half these are discrete but isn't that the most beautiful bell-shaped curve you've ever seen. So I take two things and each of them has equal likelihood of occurring but if I somehow if I do something to them and this instance we add the two values up I get this distribution that is beautifully normally distributed it's bell-shaped and once again I can express this as a probability there we go it was 1,687 and the probability of rolling a seven was 0.1687 just how many times I rolled it was 10,000 and I take how many occurred 1,687 divided by 10,000 that gives me the p-value but notice also I can ask you what was the probability of rolling a 12 well it was less than 3% it was 2.85 percent a p value of 0.02 so notice how the sum of all of these add up to one so you can't have something occur like a 13 you know or a one so it's got to sum all these probabilities I've got a sum to a one just as the occurrence of all of these have to sum to 10,000 the probabilities have to sum to one and I could also say what was the probability of throwing something that was 10 or more while I would just add these three I would add 0.08 0.05 then 0.285 I could add all of them so I can color in these three at the end and I can say well I can draw a line down here and my probability of a 10 or more will just be the addition of these three so again dealing with discrete values very easy to calculate a p-value it is nothing other than geometric area of rectangles again discrete so even though it works out nicely that these are you know the difference between 10 and 11 is just one but because it's discrete we always we always take a value of one as being the base so the base times the height here the height here we can see there clearly the height of this little one for instance is 0.0285 times one equals 0.0285 and that's the probability it's the geometric area of a rectangle as simple as that now let's have a look at something that's more continuous not the step size discrete value with a base of one because we've seen a bell shaped curve that's definitely not stepwise it's a smooth curve so what do we do there I tell you now it's not a problem let's have a quick look just as I had my equation there for the probability density function of rolling a discrete uniform distribution that is 1 2 3 4 5 6 and each of them has a uniform or equal likelihood of being you know landing face up I can make a probability dense not me you know someone someone very clever you know a while ago came up with this equation and that's the equation for a normal distribution with a mean there of mu and a standard deviation of sigma and that's what the equation looks like one of the most beautiful equations you'll ever see and I want to give you some intuition of how this thing looks and works so there we go I can manipulate how much the mean is so I can move the mean around first of all look how beautiful that's a beautiful normal distribution and beautiful bell shaped curve and the area believe it or not underneath this line which goes from all the way to negative infinity all the way to positive infinity the area of this probability density function the area under this curve and to really do that we need integral calculus you know not just the area of a rectangle that was simple base times height yes something different we need integral calculus I'm not going to show you the integral calculus I want you to appreciate the fact that the area under this curve is also equal to 1 and I can also get a little piece here in the corner or wherever and I can calculate what the area under the curve is let's just increase the standard deviation a bit and you see how it gets flatter but it gets better on the sides that the tails move out and they get thicker on the side and you can see what the influences of changing when the influence of the mean is easy to see you know it just goes left and right and then the influence of the standard deviation on the bell shaped curve there if this was exactly one and this was exactly zero we would call that the standard normal distribution anyway so I just want you to appreciate the fact that we can go from discrete values to continuous values and most of the time that is what we are going to look at I just want to I'm going to move away a little bit from what a p-value is because I'm quite interested just to show you a couple of other distributions this is the t-distributions you know students t-test it is also bell shaped but it's slightly different and it works not on a mean and standard deviation but it works on something called degrees of freedom so here we have degrees of freedom of two and degrees of three freedom of three and you see the two there you see how the tails get a bit fatter there or it gets a bit thinner and it gets pushed up but that's the distribution you usually use in a t-distribution not to worry let me just show you the chi-squared distribution chi-squared distribution also works on something called degrees of freedom and here we see one with two six and twenty and you see a chi-squared distribution with a degrees of freedom of 20 almost has a bell shaped curve but when it gets really small like a six year or the two year it's certainly not bell shaped okay so now let's create a population and instead of there's been seven billion people we imagine we in a town or some area that services some institution whatever there's 20,000 people and imagine there's some blood test call that the value for that blood test is called the variable remember variables and let's just assume that this value that this blood test can take so if I were to take all those 20,000 people and I were to do this blood test on them there's an equal likelihood of all of the different values that are possible being available so it's again a uniform distribution in the population but this blood test has a minimum value so the patient that has the lowest value is a 50 and the patient that has the highest value has a value of 110 just chose that now really means if we selected two groups at random from this population so I have 20,000 the student in front of me and I take 30 and I take another 30 they shouldn't really be a difference between the two means so if I take this city and I calculate the mean and I take another city and I calculate the mean and I and I compare the means I mean there was this norm there was equal distribution about across the possible values so they shouldn't be a difference should they let's see so let's use my population I'm suggesting what I'm saying to the computers take values between 1510 and give me 20,000 of them but every value has an equal likelihood of being chosen let's have a look at the histogram the histogram of that and here you see the fact that it is uniform so all the values don't worry about this one over 110 years just what happens when when these graphs are generated what I want you to appreciate the fact is that if I if I make a little bundle now what has changed here and what makes this the fact that these are not no it's not one at the bottom anymore is that there could be a value of 50.1 50.2 50.435 67.876 and what we're doing is we're just burning them we're saying well let's go from 50 to 55 exactly and we see how many people were in 50 had a blood value between 50 and 55 and we divide that by the 20,000 which gives us a probability to fall in that range I cannot ask the question any longer what was the probability of someone having exactly 50 because they could be 50.01 50.0001 50.0001 could have been the blood test these are now continuous values and I have to bend them now I have to say between 50 and 55 exactly how many people were in they divided by the 20,000 still gives me the probability but look at this there's an equal probability of landing in any of these little intervals I want you to appreciate that now once again I could there's a little equation just to say what the what the mean is and remember if we look at 110 to 50 halfway between those two is 80 so theoretically it should be 80 and if I do the theoretical calculation here you can see that it is 80 but for the 20,000 that came at random it was about 80.2044 and you see again there you know the many decimal values so we're not we're not talking discrete values anymore we've moved away from that but there's an equation just to look at what the theoretical mean should have been and what our actual mean is now so so bear with me I mean this is this is crucial that these there's equal likelihood of any of these little intervals you know of a patient falling in any of these little intervals it's not that one occurs more commonly than the other now what I want to do is something similar to rolling those those the pair of dice I'm gonna take I'm gonna do a very simplified study I'm going to take two people at random from the 20,000 and I'm going to look at what each of their blood value is and I'm just going to instead of adding them I'm going to look at what the averages so one had a blood value of 50.8 and the other one had a blood value of 104.786 I add them together I divide them by two and I see you know what was what was the average and I and I take my two people and I calculate that average and I write it down and let's imagine I throw those two people back in the bunch of 20,000 now I select two again might be might be that you know I picked the same two one of the two is the same but there's 20,000 probability is I'm going to pick you know two other people and I just do this 25 times every time every one of those 25 times I calculate the average of the two that I took and now let's have a look at what happens to the distribution of these averages I mean intuitively you should think well it should just be flat like this curve is flat because everything is equally likely so if I were to take two of them and took their average all the averages should be equally likely hang on a minute let's do that whoa what has happened here we can see a pattern developing here it's almost like a little bell shaped curve wants to come out here now appreciate this it was equally likely for anything you know they all equal equal likelihood and I just at very random chose to and did the average but lo and behold it seems as if some averages are more common than others let me prove this to you this is called the called the central limit theorem now what I'm going to do is I'm going to take 30 patients and record the average and I'm going to do throw them back take another 30 I'm going to do that 500 times and each time I'm going to record I create an empty list day and every time I run through it I'm gonna run do 500 times I'm gonna go 500 times choose 30 calculate the average spit it out let's have a look at that there we go so definitely some averages were more likely to occur than others and this is what happens when you do research you're not gonna do it 500 times over you are only going to do it once you don't have the time and money to do a study 500 times over and that one time that you did it your study you got a value some values should occur more commonly than others some should occur rather rarely and that is our P value what was the probability of finding that one that you did and look at this this is based on the fact that there wasn't this skewed distribution of this value in our population to start off with it was very equal it was very equal so I you know I didn't do anything behind the scenes to to cheat the system and forced the fact that I'm going to get these people were equally distributed here and still I get this bell shaped curve out now again I can use that beautiful equation I showed you up above and I'm going to calculate the mean and not the standard deviation but what we you what we have to use is the standard error and let's just look at this distribution here which I've I know I've grouped people into little buns so little intervals there let's do it smoothly so I can just show you what the theoretical distribution looks like and there we go beautiful beautiful bell distribution and you could do your study that 30 that you picked to land it there and so say landed here if I hope you can see my cursor I can now ask the question what was the probability of the group that I got the average being this value or higher that will be the area I can draw a straight line down and the line towards this side and this little funny shaped area I mean it's like a triangle but there's a curve to the one side so I can't use the equation for the area of a triangle I've got to use integral calculus and it can calculate this area under the curve and I could say well the probability of having found a mean of my three patients of so much was of so much and more remember this is not discrete I cannot ask the question what was the probability of getting an average of 80.5 I can say 80.5 or higher or 80.5 and lower and that means I draw a line up at 85 here and I check what was the area under the curve to the left or the area under the curve to the right but it's the same principle as those rolling of the two dice it's just area under the curve now let's just go one final step here and relate it to something that you would actually do so you would take two groups of 30 people and you would compare the means one against the other so we take two people 30 values on one side 30 values on the other side I get a mean on this side I get a mean on that side I've subtract the means from each other and now I want to see is there a difference in the means and this is what I've done in this line of code so I've done that and learn behold I still get this nice distribution but now it's around zero zero is more around the zero area I can't ask exactly zero remember around zero the difference of zero but in the means between the groups should occur more commonly so if it comes out here towards this side I can ask five six seven eight nine so what is the probability of getting a difference in means between my two randomly selected groups of 30 people what what is it to get a difference of means of say nine or more well I would just add these but once again we will not do it in this blocky form we can use the actual the actual equations theoretical equations that we have for that and there's our beautifully a beautiful curve now it's not going to be exactly around zero because this comes directly from my running my experiment 500 times but I think you can appreciate what is going on here that given that there should be no difference given that some deity knows that there's no difference I can construct an equation which will give me this beautiful shape curve and I run my study once and I find a value and that means I can ask the question what was the chances of finding my value or more than my value my the difference in my means or more than or less than or different than doesn't matter all these questions but it in the end I draw a little line my value my one study falls some way down here and I can get an area under the curve and towards the one of the sides let me let me show you that in these two little graphs that I've drawn here in a different program and I just imported it here so imagine then you do your study and you've take 30 people and one in each group and you know one group got the certain drug and the other one not and you measured something and you want to see is there difference now in these and the means between these two values and what you would do now remember you can't do this a 10,000 times over you can only do this once but what those equations will do is they'll take the one that you got and it'll draw this theoretical nice little curve with a total area of one underneath you will then do the following you will say I want a p value of 0.05 and the equation will actually work out for you well if I draw a line right here this orange one and everything out towards that this area is behind the blacks imagine the black wasn't there so all the area of the orange there that is 0.05 of the area under the curve it will work that out for you now you'll take your specific results and and you'll there's a little equation that you do to mark out where you will then put your dot here on the x-axis and will fall there and it'll work out for you what this area under the curve for the black is which is obviously a less than 0.05 so the probability of you having found this specific result given all the possible ones that could occur theoretically your p value was less than 0.05 now this is called a one-tailed hypothesis most commonly in research though we'll have what is called a two-tailed hypothesis where we say we think our null hypothesis is there's no difference between the groups our alternate hypothesis is there is a difference so if I subtract the mean of the one group from the other the one might be more or less than the other one I'm not saying specifically beforehand that I know and that is really the way you should do most research when you have a one-tailed where you say I definitely know the second group should be more and you have a one-tailed hypothesis you must be able to to logically explain to your colleagues who's reading your research and they convince them through logical arguments that you should have chosen the one-tailed so it's much more common to do this two-tailed so the two-tailed says the null hypothesis is there should be no difference and I think I've shown you now the way that these things are constructed is the fact that there was no difference there was an equal distribution of a uniform distribution of these values it wasn't like there was one lot you know more people had 80 than 50 that was equally likely to have everything so the null the p value comes from the fact that in reality there is no difference between the two groups given that fact you now construct this nice little graph that I've shown you and some differences will be more common than others and you just find one of the uncommon ones then you have a small p value that that never never ever that this prove that the one group was different from the other you never prove that there is no equation that can prove that this is built from the fact that they should be no difference statistics like this is both from the fact that they should be no difference in reality then given there is no difference some deity knows there's no difference you just found one that you should result that would let less likely to be found given that there is no difference and then we decide okay we'll reject the null hypothesis and accept alternate hypothesis and say there is a difference between the groups but that's just something we decided we never prove the statistics cannot this inferential statistics cannot prove this it is based on the fact that underlying those patients that you took there really is no difference you didn't then find the difference that should be rare to find and we call that oh okay oh there is a difference between them well I think you understand now now you have a deep intuition about what a p value really is it is a geometric area based on the fact that on equations that were developed for there to be no difference whatsoever it is just the fact that we as humans have decided that if we get one of these differences that is less likely to have occurred then we'll call it significant and we had this cut off of 0.05 so just to get back to this so what we do is we don't have the one is going to be more than the other we actually draw these two orange lines with slightly further out and we have 0.025 or two and a half percent on the one side and two and a half percent on the other side and whatever of these two black values we find we just duplicated on the other side and we just add the two black areas to each other so it'll always be double what it is so your p value you know if there's one way to cheat just go from one tail to tail to a one tail because you just divide your p value in two and suddenly it'll be much smaller of course it'll be half and you can cheat that way which you should never ever do and that's a horrible horrible so when you read a paper see what kind of hypothesis people chose one-tailed or two-tailed alternate hypothesis and if they chose or if they don't say to that with some suspicion and if they do say and it was one tell they better convince you why the one tail should have been chosen so we do this two-tailed thing and because I love mathematical let me just show you so I'm just going to create 30 people two groups 30 people and from a normal distribution I'm going to choose a value with a mean of a hundred and standard deviation of 10 and the other one of five one fifteen let me just show you at random what happened here so the mean of my first group was 99.867 the mean of my second was 103 I can ask you know let's just look at a box and whisker plot you know what those look like and I can ask is there a statistically significant difference between these two groups couple of a couple of functions you can use in Mathematica the one is called the location test I do it there and I see there's my t-statistic that is the little black line that's where you draw your little black line there it takes your values and converts it into a point that you put on the x-axis you then reflect it on the other side with a positive as well and it works out the p value for you 0.31 so given only this information it uses those beautiful equations that we saw before draws that nice little bell shaped curve and it says well the difference between these two was minus well minus four something around there and that means on that x-axis that will fall on negative 1.01935 so that's so many standard errors away from zero don't worry about that duplicate it on the other side work out there another curve and learn behold it says look buddy this area under the curve was not so uncommon to ever could the difference in the means were not so uncommon given all the possible ones that could occur and let me just show you there's another way just write the t-test and say group A and group B very easy and Mathematica to get these p values very easy to do so I hope this has given you some intuition about the p-value of what it really means it's just this geometric area based on the fact that there isn't any difference and we are weird as humans we just decided that 0.05 is gonna be this cut off and then we think there is a difference you've never proved it you never ever ever proved it this is just the way we constructed statistics clever people constructed statistics and I think we abuse it so you can you can really see start to to get this uneasy feeling about a p-value and why some journals are moving away from it and how easy it is to cheat with a p-value and how little it really means and there's some as you know the other things that we should look at when we do but you're going to see a lot of p-values and you should know what it's all about


after 25 years out in Greenin Theatre because Dahi Ramsey is exiting stage left. And 25 years is a long history in one place and he was well he was head-hunted by George McBride 25 years ago. He started up a comedy club in Leroy Cammie and here to figure well if he could names like that to a comedy club. So what could he do for the theatre? Isn't that exactly how it happened Dahi? That's not quite exactly how it happened John. Don't spoil a good story. I'd like to say I'd like to say Patricia's name is Patricia as well. Oh sorry sorry. Not sure. Yeah no well that's yeah. I mean she did point me towards the job application in the paper so I did have to apply and be interviewed with everyone else. But she saw the potential. She saw the potential yeah yeah yeah. And like any good scout or manager would yeah he could do a job for us. Exactly. I think when I saw it I mean for me the attraction was that it was in Leroy Cammie. You know had it been anywhere else because I was working with the health board I was working in a unit for teenagers taken into care so it was a very different area and I was doing the gigs on the side the comedy club the music gigs. Which is where your heart was. Which yeah yeah. So would you left a good job to go to another good job. Exactly exactly but only because it was in Leroy Cammie had it been anywhere else. In my head I was like well I can sell things to people in Leroy Cammie I understand Leroy Cammie you know I'm from Leroy Cammie I understand it so I could do that job. I don't think it had been anywhere else I'd have looked at it in the same way. Right but then for somebody who had started up a comedy club and was you know getting comedians to come to it etc etc it was kind of the logical extension of that to going to the theatre and to care some of the bookings and get a book in acts and stuff and find out what was suitable and see what would work. Yeah absolutely absolutely fully enough with that comedy club the one after that didn't go as well. All right. Right it's funny she turned up to the one where Kevin Maclear was sold out which was great and then the next one had 12 people turn up and it was a double headliner of Dara O'Brien and Deirdre O'King and 12 people. We actually did basically what happened was Dara said giving their money back pay Deirdre her fee because she was just on 100 quid or whatever supports you know and he said you know what I'll take them in the bar and give them a drink and he took them in the bar and chatted to them. And you see Dara O'Brien now in all the TV appearances and you know the big venues and all the rest of you and you think wow he's you know creaming it forget about the nights when there was a handful of people yeah and you know and he did. Yeah and his his next gig for us was in the foyer of the theater so we tried doing comedy nights in there small comedy nights there and then he played half the auditorium the next so people build up but I love comedy you know I love music so both of those as you say it makes sense. But mention there about 12 people yeah I mean you just don't know when you're booking an act you just don't know what's going to go down and especially with comedians because you you want to book them I suppose in a way on the way up because then when they get very big they're off to the three arena or even the many on four more whatever and just get get too big for how many is it three 383 383 now 345 originally they extended right and so as a result you're you're kind of looking for talent up and coming talent all the time that was the idea and I mean I remember Desbyship saying to me I will always come back here no matter what because you booked me when I was small you believed in me you saw me you know I'll always come back here and that's what you're hoping to get that relationship which you know which makes them the latest big comedy booking just a little bit strange and I've never put it in what's his name? John Bishop. John Bishop you managed to secure John Bishop not just for one night but for two nights how did you miss wearing that one but what happens there you're involved there yeah it's the relationships you build up over time right so Bren Berry who runs Verker Street main mandate and promotions absolutely lovely fella from the band Revelino if you remember Revelino back in the day and Bren has a couple of good singles at the moment that he's doing but Bren we did the comedy club in 2006 together the letter Kenny comedy club which a lot of people won't remember and what Bren did with that was went on to turn into the Ivy Gardens the comedy club in the Ivy Gardens every year and so Bren he also is Tommy Tuernan's agent and we've worked with him a lot Bren really trusts and likes as we get on connections yeah so um John Bishop said he was coming he's going to do the Wild Atlantic Way ending up in Cork which is in Aiken Promotions gig the marquee in Cork and he said to Bren I'm going to start in Donegal do on a motorbike by the way um do the Wild Atlantic Way maybe you'll get me a gig in Galway as well and Bren basically said if you're starting in Donegal you're playing in and greening brilliant so that's what he did he rang me and I couldn't believe when he went for the second gig as well because I just thought this is a one-off but I presume he wants to stay in Donegal and do some things yeah so it's great that he you know gets a couple of gigs and you know pays for stay here plus yeah the marquee in Cork where he finishes how many does that hold well I think yeah I don't know but I'd say it's about four or five thousand you know and you're getting him in a venue with the 383 which pretty much broke the booking system it pretty much did well and I've never seen anything like it gone three minutes the first gig and the screen froze on us yeah you know okay not every gig is like that and some you take a chance on and you end up with a handful of people and others then you know it's great it performed far better than expected and notables along the way good bad or indifferent what stands out for you what stands out for me I suppose is I suppose for me a lot of the ones I booked so Desmond Decker the Jamaican ska singer the Israelites the song that's been used for a million adverts at this stage hasn't it so we had a what sort of a night was that I was amazing basically it's all done uh sold out um it was quite it was early 2000s and he had a kind of um big up kind of man so he had a guy come out because he's quite and quite unassuming fell himself to warm up the crowd to sort of you know tell everybody you know just come on get going get going well he was there the whole time doing the mic you know and basically after the first song he just went what are you all doing sitting down get up and the whole place just got up and danced and I'd say it's the only night in the theater where everybody was dancing right but it's reggae and it's a lively reggae a lot of yeah exactly exactly but I had my little three-year-old then emery my three-year-old child then emery's now 24 um so you know dancing beside me and that was love memories that's lovely and that's you know it's the memories made isn't it you know it's not just Desmond Decker there's been so many great acts in the theater and you'd have seen them all over 25 years and John Prine I mean um you know the great John Prine um and I was delighted mesmerizing yeah yeah yeah incredible performer and lovely guy would you yeah David Gray David Gray Dave Gray what a big artist and the thing is when you see those big artists and Jack D's another one I think of in that vein in terms of when you see them even though you're not a huge like I wouldn't be a huge fan of David Gray's music before or Jack D's comedy you know he's a huge artist so I'm taking up you know um but then you see them on a stage and you see David Gray and you're like oh I get it I get why they're so big they are so so good you know whether it's your type of thing yeah just so professional and they just got it like yeah when they come out there under the legs just they're switched on what we used to call the X factor before the tv show all right yeah they've got it tv show then you know but then I remember seeing um first time I saw Alton on the stage and you know Meridini Weenie who also has got it you know Meridini Weenie walks on stage and I'm like oh she's a star you know it was almost genuinely it almost looked like there was a glow around her yeah you know and you're dealing with these people and you're chatting to them behind the scenes and it's all you know matter of fact in the the nuts and bolts and the smaller things but then you're you're with the rest of the audience and you're stood up the back in the dark yeah and the lights are on on their own stage and then you either they either have it and or or they don't yeah maybe somewhere in between but the and with generalizing would it with the bigger the artists the more popular that they are or just the bigger that they are and the easier they are to deal with normally normally 99% of the time the bigger they are the more relaxed they are and the more they enjoy just a natural chat okay you know you can sit and just chat with them um no airs and graces no airs and graces absolutely none right you know and well you in that interview there at the weekend with the Donegal news you know surprisingly you name names because when there's an interview of somebody who's in the industry they'll always go yeah well we've had a few experiences the other way but I'd rather not you know names well you're out of the industry now so you don't care yeah yeah that's Paddy Wall she draws it out of you you know what I mean good uh yeah so I know I come back to Michelle Shocked you got a bit of an eye opener did you well it's interesting that with Michelle Shocked that like um I think she'd had a bad day in fairness to her she'd had a very bad day somehow she had driven from Galway to Letter Kenny via Ennis Killen oh right you know we put you in bad gym we've all been sent the wrong way by Google Maps so you know that would put you in bad humor but yeah I just wasn't impressed with how she um interacted with the staff off stage oh off stage oh she was lovely to the odd I mean that was it infuriated me that she went on stage and was like doing the whole we're in this together and you know we're all the workers unite kind of thing and you're thinking that's not how you were talking to the workers a short while ago you know um but interestingly she pretty much got herself cancelled a few months later in the state so I wasn't surprised to see that happen and either karma you know yeah yeah it you know um comedy is close to your heart and you know more than Darrow brain you would have you know a lot of comedians who are just playing to a handful or starting off or starting in the foyer and work their way up and I'm chatting about big names Bill Bailey Tommy Turing and you know Dylan Moran yeah and but it's I suppose you you'd have then watched on and seen them progressing but it's great then when you get them back to the theater oh absolutely absolutely and someone like Des Bishop or Neil Delamere who I'm very fond of lovely guy Neil absolute gent you know um Neil like I've seen him build up over the years to where he's selling two houses for us now a year I'll have to stop saying us where he's selling two houses a year for the theater from two nights in the words yeah um two houses yes that's sorry industry talk industry speak so um he's probably built himself over or he bought himself a very nice house I know he has in Dublin so um but yeah starting off with you know I think he probably did the foyer as well um so probably starting off to seven sixty seventy you know next time there's a hundred next time is 200 but he's a I mean he's a real pro Neil I mean if anybody is interested in how to build a career in the Irish entertainment business Neil would be a fine fine study he's a good example you know he I remember him saying to me you got to get in the car you got to get in the car you've got to drive the country you've got to do the gigs okay you know um we're chatting here but you know um comedians and singers and very well known names but local productions and in a way in a way it's almost the the red and butter of the theater and I'm thinking about uh you know runs of like for a full week and one has just finished with the Adams family yeah excellent it was as well it was indeed local productions like over the 25 years local productions have come on in leaps and bounds and the the one just finished in that's almost semi-professional or at least that's the impression I got I mean I don't like the delineation between that kind of amateur professional anyway I think local is a very good term for what they do here you know there's a lot of people um for example the uh music and drama group had the alternative recently and I mean it was an incredible production and then you've got Ireland McGowan who is a professional actor in that as well you know so and I have to say he was playing beside the lane glass being the lane was well able for him do you know what I mean absolutely you know she was able to get up yeah yeah exactly and the talent's there you know there's no lack of talent at all and what the difference was I guess in the early days was the production standards because if you're doing it in the community hall or the school hall you know you haven't got all the equipment you haven't got the availability and that stuff's moved on so much but they've really pulled that up now okay you know that's where the theater came in that's why the theater made such good sense um all those years ago and it give a professional veneer to what local productions we're trying to do amongst other things yep and I have to say you know to give a nod to my old colleague Niall Krani the technical manager Niall you know he's so good keeps up to he keeps up to date but he's so giving really he really he's you know with his advice with his knowledge he'll share everything he'll help people out he's so helpful you know and I think a lot of ingredients reputation is based on Niall and the technical team as well and and the other people I worked with you know yeah it's that reputation of being helpful I've just heard donal again praising them you know and I suppose it's only behind the scenes and something like that is pulled heather and tether when there's a local production can you do this and what about that oh absolutely and to be accommodating it's it's no small task I think because Niall has that trust of people because the trust is there between the groups and the technical team in the theater so he'll start early with them and talk to them about what what is possible and as I say for the alternative Niall was actually on stage operating for them as well you know um there you go it was a great production I'm yeah I have a funny film we'll be seeing it again and it'll be it'll be packed out but that's another story yeah your story continues just not at the theater so where yeah where are you off to now I'm going to be working for the county council um I'll be part of the culture team um I shall be the creative communities engagement officer they'll never get that on your door no I think it's already been shortened a cco I've been told so creative communities officer sounds even more impressed yeah um so it's a creative Ireland funded post um creative Ireland um basically the mission statement it's a government initiative but basically the mission statement is that every person in Ireland should have access to an availability of creativity in their everyday life which I think for a government say that for a country to say that is incredible and I think it shows that love the you know the graph we have for what how do you help it happen well there's money you know creative Ireland has money this funding it always helps yes you know so there's already that's already been happening the creative Ireland so crin and oak for example the national day for youth that's a centerpiece of you know that'll be my responsibility um when I get there um but other things I know you had Joe on talking about thatch and didn't you yeah so that creative Ireland have been uh funding towards that so it's quite a broad what creative Ireland do is quite broad they're you know they have the creative schools as well okay so there's a very broad thing there I mean the creative communities um as I say there'll be some funding and hopefully just getting people doing something around the county fair but yeah you're going to be getting the car that's the exciting thing for me that's a huge attraction for me we live in the most beautiful county I love it you know the last number of years my dad's a big walker we've been out and about doing the walk and I love it um and that's you know I've been sitting in one building for 25 years no more how long are you sitting here Joe I long time too so you'd no choice you were you know you were based here and yeah you didn't have to or you couldn't really move from here yeah but now this job entails you're going to be in all corners yeah and that's a huge attraction for me I love the idea I love getting out she you know yourself I love chatting to people you know absolutely so I'm looking forward to that well it's uh it's a new chapter in your in your working life and uh not that you're uh afraid of new challenges yes can I get the impression you're willing to try anything and uh the best the best look with it thank you Joe we've had a lot of you know kind of dealings behind the scenes yeah and you know you've been up here at Highland any number of times as well and on here and so on and no doubt that you'll be a success in your new role and I don't know who had head hunted you there whether you just saw the application and applied yourself but um Patricia can't take credit for this one no no this is this is very much me I think again much like a when I was looking at the job in the theatre you know I saw the job description thought oh that's me you know it just sounded like me obviously I come from a community social work background originally it is and you add that to the arts it's a great place to start a great starting point yeah that's for me yeah exactly yeah I mean it was a lot of work to get it it's amazing how much it goes into a job application these days particularly for a state body you really have to dot the i's cross the t's and tick the boxes and all that kind of thing but I'm sure you'll be no stranger to ingrain in no no I do you know what I'm just because you're not working there I'm planning to go back sat the night uh Michael Murphy who's one of the very best performers in Ireland will be um doing the third in his trilogy um it's oh you do you know what I should remember the name but kitsy rainy basically there's a longer title there but it's an absolutely beautiful show I saw it in the hawks well so I did the occasionally get out and about um I saw it in the hawks well it's absolutely beautiful theatre show and I would recommend everyone go to it so I'll be back on sat the night all right I'll we'll see you around no doubt thanks die thank you job and the best luck cheers


Welcome back to the channel everybody. It is going to be a crazy adventure today. I'm sitting down in front of the HQ right now and we're getting ready to go on a river fishing trip. Actually river I've never even fished before. The Red River and we're taking out an airboat. Recently discovered that the people that work out of the building behind our HQ, they're actually custom boat manufacturer. So they do these like shallow running cool jet boats, airboats, some crazy boats that you know I don't have much experience in. So that is what we're doing today. We're taking one of their like extremely fast badass airboats and we're going to go up on what is called the Red River. Red River's got a lot of history. It's mostly got catfish in it and so we're going to attempt to get some online but it's going to be sick just going out in this airboat. Right now it is appearing as if we are on a longhorn ranch which I'm assuming is on the river. I thought we were going to like a public boat ramp somewhere. I have never been up on the Red River in this area. I've crossed over you know a hundred times on I-35 but this is somebody's ranch apparently. We're getting a little special treat here today. Here we are at the Red River. Could be one guess why they call it the Red River. That's right we are in that Oklahoma red dirt and I have fished a tournament on the Red River on the Louisiana side but I've never messed around with fishing on this Oklahoma Texas side. This is also a big area historically with the Comanches and the settlers. A lot of action happened around here. Comanches would come across you know they would take horses go back into Oklahoma and the the boat archery was very special to them. It grows in the Red River Valley and if you guys have seen some of my videos with the bows that I've been making I've made two so far out of boat arch. It is one of the best woods in the country. That and you which grows on the west coast. It's the fastest most durable wood that you can use. So tons of hickories tons of boat arcs it's really really cool place I'm excited to see the whole thing and I picked up some some some some baits at Walmart just some you guys never seen I don't understand this the shad that are in the bags how does that stay not rotting I don't get it it's witchcraft but we're gonna throw some of those on some trot lines some jugs we've obviously got some current here so it should be challenging and I've got some lines let me introduce you to the boys is that how you do it throw it off you just light it up on the grass is that a is that common practice or is that something you guys just do so we built the roller system so it doesn't hit the grass right you just drive it up on the trailer whenever you're done unload it dry load it right back up the world all right we're gonna get the full tour here let me introduce you to the boys this is Kyle that's Tai right there and that's Austin walking up over here so why don't you guys walk me through what the world is going on here this thing a little walk through yeah so this is a 16 foot by seven airboat it's actually a tonal hole so it's a little bit different than a flat bottom but we won't get into the nitty gritty details but focusing on more of the flashy stuff that's a LS3 or a 62 whatever you want to call it it was a crate GM motor they got hurt once and so now it's bored over to 408 and built top to bottom and then we've got twin precision 64 66 mirror image turbos we're running about right at 15 to 20 pounds of boost at max rpm like how many more cars they have so i mean we've never had it on dyno but we're guessing that on pump fuel and the way everything's set up it would make in between nine and nine fifty on a dyno oh so pretty stout um and then we're running a counter rotator belt drive system and then we've got two six blade props this is crazy this i mean this looks like there's machetes on here and they're not like they're not when i was behind you guys looking i thought that they were i thought it was one prop and they were uh facing different directions but now i see there's two no they they turn individually like that opposite direction so what it does is it takes all of torque roll out of the motor and keeps the boat on a center line which is um a huge you know part as to why this tunnel hole works so well is because everything is riding on a center pad and as we increase speed that pad is getting smaller and smaller and smaller and basically you know when we're over 60 70 miles an hour the entire boat's just out of the water just on a small two by two little pad here in the back i got you it so there's a there's a planer right here yes just a trim tab and so depending on where the coolers are at who's on the boat how much fuel you got and especially like if we're out on the river and there's 50 boats during a river run the water's not smooth and so we've got that trim tab just as like a dampener just so it doesn't beat the hell out of you when you're driving that sounds adventurous boys uh do you need a special license to drive these things or is there any requirements nothing i know of because i'm thinking i probably need like at least one sleeve tattoo smoke unfiltered cigarettes and i'd just be a complete badass i don't know if i'm qualified to even ride on this thing but we're gonna have some fun okay i got one really important question for you boys yeah what's up do you have four sets of ear muffs yep yep so be in trouble there you wouldn't make it without it i promise i could guarantee you i bet if i stood here you guys turned this on my clothes would blow off oh no one wants to see that we're about to turn it on let it run get it warmed up and then we'll just jack this thing off the trailer like dumped it and i guess you're just gonna ride down these rocks it's all it's all good oh yeah okay all right i'm just trying no problem man everyone wants to see this this is our stuff yeah i think this is the one we're at least gonna try this is a nice little deep hole dude there's a couple turns i was like that log was in the middle yeah yeah yeah that was uh it was a puckered for 10 and a half seconds there water cleared up way more than i thought i would yeah once we got past that chalk talk creek this is all from you know tix oma so it's it's clear i mean it's semi clear oh i've run into the old tex oma weather situation of time or two so i know how this goes so we'll see give her give her an angle clouds and rain have appeared lightning as well there's another one well bam another one got a got one jug out right now i'm just building a couple more we uh we're gonna be out here and if it rains there is no easy escape i assure you so buck her up buck her up your butts i'm gonna step down from the highest point here tile you're kind of screwed so lightning always gets the tallest object we've got two jugs out right now i've got one uh catfish bait line and i've got a spoon and i've just been tossing out here because we're so close to where they let water out the dam i guarantee you there's probably white bass maybe some stripers some juvenile stripers and then uh there's got to be some large mouths around here somewhere but uh i think we're going to be obstructed by lightning there's only so much that uh that a man could take you know light and popping all around since we're on a river we just got these crazy weather changes tip on the beach right now just stopped raining we're getting out of the rain threw a couple of nudes out and i've got a line with some snake bait uh nice deep hole here by this bridge yeah we're just kind of waiting out the storms don't want to get hit by lightning with you know got an aluminum boat holding fishing rods never good oh goodness okay that's a that's a rope got a snake what do we got got our hopes up nothing but a turtle it's total time it's just freaking total time it's a total time on that bridge did come it man the line started moving try to grab the pole and it's it's catch of the day that's a red-eared slider of beauty turtle was released on instagram this adventure i think the fishing part of this adventure is is maybe coming to a close um we're in a deep hole right now which i would think is a great cat fishing spot still got the two jugs out i haven't seen any any bobs any movements on the jugs over here i'm just not i'm just not feeling love today maybe the catfish aren't feeling a lot i don't know i'm pretty sick at running this baby right here the scene is so so hot like on this engine that i literally thought the sun was like hitting the back of my neck it was just the engine it's just the heat so pretty extreme stuff and we were only going like 40 but how fast will this thing go how fast yeah if we really wanted to like kick up the juice like 85 85 you kidding me that's faster than than my boat not safe oh yeah it's super safe yeah yeah he's sarcastic ain't safe we ain't doing that here today i want to live but anyway there's some really cool adventures to be had in boats like this they also make like specific bow fishing boats and when they have one of those in the shop i'd like to like to get out and do the bow fishing with them with all the lights and everything especially on these rivers you just can't either have you have to have a jet boat or you have to have an airboat like this we were going over water that's like this deep so even the crispy collector would not last that was freaking awesome i just took that thing right up the hill y'all this right here on this turbo if you touch that oh it'll sizzle your finger you could bake a hot dog that sucker i promise you dude that thing literally kept me warm like it almost feels pretty good it does it's like putting your back to a campfire you worked the fuel perfectly how was well it was like kind of going on the how much we got oh we're fine we're on yeah how much was it we it was 550 gallon and we put in 100 bucks and then we went that was how many miles was that 18 gallons i think we went like 45 50 miles not good two two and a half miles yeah which is fantastic for what it is you know honestly yeah because my that's what my mother gets when i'm going full blast yeah if you if you put throttle down on this thing we'd be out probably like 30 seconds the other day we did like two or three pulls just staying in it for i don't know a quarter mile or so and three pulls was a quarter tank wow so it'll drink it pretty fun stuff man this is uh it's kind of a fun toy but it's also a pretty cool fishing mechanism you know didn't catch them today but um i could see the bow fishing being awesome and then also getting in some of those those holes like catfish holes but i don't know what i'm doing up here guys i really don't like if you have any river fishing uh catfish tips for me i'd love to know i've really only fish for them in uh in lakes so that's all i know so you guys probably never seen this go down i'm guessing most of you out there you've seen me put my bow to my trailer 100 times you know how that normally works 900 horsepower twin turbo engine with two blades on about to push this up back from the river y'all it's time to put our river stuff back in the crispy want to thank the boys over at aero wake for taking me out today for a unique river experience to say the least i think i need to go back out there want to know what the heck i'm doing with cat fishing i know they have huge catfish in there i just i don't know too scared to get in their noodle with them i suppose but what i do have is my trotline stuff that i made uh in a previous video so so i've been anxious to take it out and actually get some fish on it what i'm not sure about is uh this stuff right here these shats that are like i i don't know they don't smell it's it's really weird like how can that how can that be and you may also notice that that big beautiful silver bullet is back in the driveway she is fully locked and loaded and ready to dangle that is coming up as well thank you guys for tuning in to another outdoor adventure hanging with me smash the like button for adventurous and greatness in the great outdoors godspeed god bless you we'll see you soon