Hey Psych2Goers, welcome back to another video and happy Pride! Coming out as part of the LGBTQ plus community can be a terrifying ordeal. The uncertainty of figuring out whether someone is safe to come out to can fill them with distress and anxiety. If a friend or loved one chooses to come out to you, it means they've trusted you enough to share this very important part of themselves. While it might come as a surprise at first, understand that their sexuality makes them no less of the person you love and appreciate. Their identity is much more than their sexuality. At the same time, it's still something very much worth celebrating. Whether it's a friend, sibling, or someone else, here are some ways to support your LGBTQ plus friend. Number one, reassure your friendship and support. Your friend has just come out as a minority that some people may not support. So, be a kind person. Show that you don't fall under the disapproving crowd by affirming that you're still their friend, no matter what. These words of affirmation will provide them with a sense of relief. So make sure that your support is clear to them right away. Say things like, this doesn't change our friendship at all, or you'll always be my friend, no matter what. Number two, offer them a hug. Were they emotional before they revealed their sexuality to you? Coming out can be an overwhelming experience.  If you're unsure of what to do, offer them a hug. Hugs build a sense of trust and safety by boosting oxytocin levels and for people with physical touch as their primary love language. This can be a great way to show your full support of their reveal. Number three, learn more about their sexuality. There's a world of different sexualities and identities out there, some that you may not have heard of, but all are as solid as the next. If you're confused about the terms they've used to identify with themselves, don't be afraid to ask them about it nicely and appropriately. They'll likely be happy to explain further for you. If they're unsure themselves, give them a nudge to go see a therapist or counselor to help clear things up. Even if they don't push through with that, showing thoughtful concern can mean the world to them already. Number four, lighten up. Not all LGBTQ plus members come out of the closet the same way. Some may come out in a grand spectacle while others come out low key. Everyone's experience is different. In any case, it's still important to show your unwavering support. Stay off the jokes that may be deemed harmful and inappropriate, but don't act completely different and uptight either. Your friend would just want you to act the same way you've always done, while also getting their sexuality or identity off their chest. And that's a perfectly reasonable thing to wish for. If their signals are unclear, ask them how you should support them as a friend. Give them a chance to express their desires by opening a clear and open means of communication with them. Number five, be an ally. Has your friend or sibling come out to you and did so in fear that someone else would disapprove of their identity? While there have been waves of progress made to challenge and fight against discrimination in recent years, it's still not completely phased out. If you hear another friend or classmate make homophobic or transphobic remarks, challenge their hurtful speech, or help them understand the weight of the words they throw out. No matter what, there are just some people who will never be on your friend's side. The best thing you can do is to be a genuine friend that will always be there for them. Create a safe place for your LGBTQ plus friend or loved one to be themselves. And number six, continue doing the same things. Do you and your friends play video games every Friday night? Do you walk home from school every day? Well, keep doing it. The last thing your friend or loved one wants is to make things awkward between you two. Your friends might have stressed over the possibility of a friendship ending between you two or slowly drifting away, but your friend coming out doesn't change anything negatively. Continue nurturing the friendship and growing together. You can help them feel more at peace. So what was your favorite tip from this list? When a friend comes out to you, focus your attention on them. Give them a chance to express themselves. Listen and show your support with no strings attached. Did you find this video valuable? Tell us in the comments below. Please like and share it with friends that might find insight in this video as well. Make sure to subscribe to Psych2Go and hit the notification bell for more content. All the references used are added in the description box below. Thanks so much for watching and we'll see you next time.


By transcription, we take you now behind the scenes of a police headquarters in a great American city. We're under the cold, glaring lights. We'll pass before us, the innocent, the vagrant, the thief, the murderer. This is the line-up. I go through spells like that. I lie and kick and toss and smoke a dozen cigarettes. Oh, thanks. See you later. I just got here a few minutes ago. Well, I've got the man. He just need an identification. That's what the officer said. That officer over there. Oh, Sergeant Quine. You people on the other side of the line. Thank you. My name is Cogger, Sergeant Pete Cogger. I'll explain the line-up to you. Each of the suspects you see will be numbered.  If you have any questions or identifications, please remember the number, sign of the prisoner as I call his name. If you're sure or not too sure of the suspect, have him held. Questions are asked. These suspects are moving to get an extra tone of voice. Those do not take too much attention to their answers as they often lie. Okay, bring on the line. Okay, keep it moving. Head over here at the end of the stage. Face-front. Call out your number, step out and talk up.  Number one, Steve Walker. Robbery. Stand up straight, Steve. Okay. What do you list, Steve? 464 South Lake Street. Is that a house or a hotel, or what? House. Who do you live with? My brother. What do you work, Steve? I ain't been. Over a year, I guess. At least over a year, I ain't been. How do you play the red? I don't. Your brother plays it? Well, he works, and somebody's got a pet. You own a car? No.  Yeah. Whose car was it? Friends. Who's a friend? Who? Yeah, who's a friend that owns a car? Well, I guess I can't remember. I guess your friend's pretty easy. I guess so. Any weapons? Yeah. What? 38? Well, what kind? Automatic? Revolver? 38. Revolver. Smith & Wesson. Anyone arrested, would you? No, I was alone. Step back. Step back? Oh, OK. OK, number two. Put them. Assault. What do you live, Jack? 299 West Adams. At a house? Yeah. Who do you live with? My wife. At all? Yeah. Doesn't your mother-in-law live with you? Not anymore. She's in the hospital. What did you hit her with? A footstool. She's hurt pretty bad. Well, it really just meant to scare. See, she got the nagging again, and her current thing. She doesn't even duck. She has a pretty bad concussion. Yeah, I figure we're even. How do you figure? 20 years of nagging and giving me a neighbor's stomach. Ulster's insomnia. Nearly breaking up my home at certain times. OK. Turn to some of my best friends against me. Making me lose the job. OK, sir. Nearly grabbing me into an institution. I figure we're even. Step back. OK. I'm a free Harry Molenski robbery. That looks like the man. Parkway Hotel. Where is that, Harry? 106 in Madison. Where do you work? That's him. Any weapons? That's the man who tried to hold me up. Yeah, sir. Yeah, 32 on a mountain. Sergeant Cogger. Yes, Lieutenant? All number three for interrogation. You can save us all a lot of time. Who is the guy driving the car? What guy? Why don't you make it easy? I was alone. You walked into the Brenner's grocery store and tried to stick it up. OK, there was a guy waiting in a black mercury sedan. I walked in. I wasn't in no black mercury sedan. The clerk identified you in the line. I'd met a walk into the store and tried to stick up. The clerk says he saw you get out of the black mercury. He's crazy. When the officer showed up, you ran for the car and the guy driving pulled away before you could get to it. I would just run it. I didn't run for no car. Even the officer says you didn't. Look, maybe there was a car there. Maybe it was a black mercury sedan, but I wasn't running for it. Why hold out? The guy driving ran out on you. Why try and protect you?  I wasn't... Three other robberies this week have identified that black sedan. I'm telling you... Who is the driver? I don't know. We got a lot of time to find out. I reckon find out. I don't know. You were in that car when it drove up? I was walking. Where'd you walk from? You walk from some place to that store? Yeah. Where? I was on Lincoln. What were you doing on Lincoln? Walking. Just walking? Yeah. Planning to stick up? Yeah. Where were you before you started walking on Lincoln? At home. You lived a hundred and six in Madison? Yeah. And where on Lincoln were you walking? Where? What block? I don't know. I was just walking close to the store, I guess. And that would make it about the eleven hundred block. Yeah. You walked all the way from a hundred and six in Madison to the eleven hundred block on Lincoln? Well, not all the way. What'd you do? Take a street car? Yeah. I took a street car. What car? What car? That's right. The Lincoln car. From a hundred and six in Madison? No, I walked to Lincoln. Why did you pick the Brenner's grocery store? Well, I cased it. It's a good setup. Come on, Melinda.  You're walking a hundred and six in Madison. That's right. What time was that? What? What time did you catch the Lincoln street car? I don't know. An hour before the stick up? I don't know. I don't remember exactly. How long would you say it took you to get to eleven hundred Lincoln? Look, what difference does it make? Well, we just like to know. We're going to keep finding out things until you tell us who was in that black Mercury sedan with you. What time did you get off at eleven hundred Lincoln, Lensky? Ten and four East Orange. Right? I'll take it. Well, what's the matter? A guy driving that black Mercury sedan just held up a gas station on East Orange. Shot the attendant. So what do you want me to do about it? Tell us who's driving that car. I don't know. The attendant's pretty bad. Well, I can't help it.  I didn't stick up the station. You know who did? No. Okay, Lensky. Let's go, Pete. Bad shape. Any witnesses? The other attendant, he was across the street having dinner. He's in the station. Did you get the license number? No. A lot of people heard the shot, but nobody got the license number. Bill? Yeah. This is Bill Phillips, Ben. Oh, Bill? This is Lieutenant Guthrie and Sergeant Carger. Hi. Hi. Tell us about it. Everything you told me. Well, there really isn't much. I was across the street in the diner. Right over there, the Dixie barbeque. Uh-huh. Well, I finished and started for the station. I heard the shots and looked over and saw some guy jump into a black merc sedan and drive away. I didn't get it at first. Where was your parking? The harp was stumbling out the door. That's when I got it through my thick skull. It's something that happened. I ran across and harp was unconscious. Yeah, this guy who jumped into the black merc. What did he look like? I don't know. It happened so fast. I wasn't sure anything was wrong at first. You know how fast things can happen? Yeah. Well, he was tall, I guess. Oh, I don't know. What's the use of trying to describe him when I can't? I'd like to be able to, but really, I can't. Nobody else saw it happen? Ashley's out trying to find somebody, but I don't think he's going to have much luck. There wasn't anybody else in the station, and this isn't a particularly crowded section. What direction did the merc go, Bill? West. Okay. Come on, Pete. Let's go back and talk to Malensky. I don't know. I don't know. How can I tell you when I don't know? Look, I told you, I wasn't with nobody. I was alone. I walked to Lincoln. I called a streetcar. I was in Lincoln from 106th Street? Yeah, yeah. You might get off with a lighter sentence if we know who drove you to that store. Look, I told you I took the streetcar from Madison. Yeah, Madison runs parallel with Lincoln. I mean, from 106th Street. If we pick that guy up and he says you were with him in that car, we'll nail you for withholding evidence. Are you kidding? How long did you walk on Lincoln? How long?  I don't know. Maybe a half hour. I don't know. I don't remember. You just walked? Yeah. Yeah, I walked. I walked. I told you. Which way? I don't know. I was getting ready to pull the stick up. How do I know which way? Can you take the streetcar? Yeah. Yeah. You got it right? Yeah. Yeah? Okay. That guy, your friend in the black merc shop. I told you. I don't know nobody in the black merc. The guy he shot in the gas station just died. Yeah. Go up and cover the hall. All right. Are you the manager? Yeah. Yes. Okay. What do you want? I'm a tenant, Guthrie. Okay. What do you want? Your name, if you don't mind. Hi. You have a tenant here? Which one? Mr. Dan Walker. Number 10. What's he done? We just like to talk to him. Number 10. Don't make a lot of noise. Mr. Simpson and I work tonight. Well, I'd like the key, please. I can't do that. I have a warrant. Why don't you just go up and talk to him if he ain't done nothing serious? I just like you to cooperate. Look, mister, the last time you copped with me, you hauled some guy out, and there was a lot of trouble. My tenant... We'll try not to make any trouble. Well, if Walker ain't done nothing serious... Mrs. Hirsch, do you want us to break down the door? You can knock, can't you? Mrs. Hirsch, I... Well, who's this? Sergeant Quinn. About the car in the garage, ma'am. Oh, you're looking for Mr. Walker's car? Yes, and we'd like to go upstairs and see if Walker's in his room. Okay. And we'd like the key. Okay. But please, they try to keep it as quiet as possible. We don't try. He doesn't like cops. Seems the last time the law was here, a tenant's complaining. I should stick out the garage, ma'am. This one's for number 10. Thanks. I suggest you stay in your room. You don't have to suggest nothing.  Right. I went down and listened to 10. Didn't hear anything. Well, let's go in and take a look. Snoring up a storm at nine. Mr. Simpson works night. Can't get over on the other side. Well, let's see what we can find. Let's see if he's down in here. Isn't it if we don't find anything? Let me go check where that blonde Malensky told us about. Nancy Shelton? Yeah. Walker was seeing her as much as Malensky said. She might know where we can find him. Oh. Hey. Huh? I just noticed. The guy at number nine quit snoring. Probably rolled over on the stomach. Well, he's small. Well, he should be. Oh, there he is. Hi, Ben. A girl in the room? There's a girl in the room, all right, but it isn't Walker's girl. It's a roommate. Well, where's Nancy Shelton? This clerk said she went out about an hour before I got here. Doesn't own a car. It takes taxing. Oh. And what's her roommate's name? Bernice Eddington. I saw her when she came down to get a paper. A pretty girl. You haven't talked to her? I said good morning. He'd have to do that. I was trying to match her over at Walker's. Wasn't there? Uh-uh. They got a call here of Walker's shows. I'll let you know. That's the room. 104, second one at the head of the hall. No, OK. Uh, Bernice? Yeah, Eddington. Uh. Yes? Miss Eddington? That's right. And we're the police. Police? I'm Lieutenant Guthrie. This is Sergeant Coggin. How do you do? Police. I would like to talk to you, please. Well, I was just getting ready to go off. Meeting Nancy Shelton? Nancy? I know she went out early this morning. You mind if we come in? All right. What's the matter, Nancy in trouble? Why'd she go so early this morning? I don't know. I was asleep. I woke up just as she was leaving. What's wrong? What did she do? You know Stan Walker. Stan Walker? Yes. You know it? I knew it. What? Stan got himself in trouble. I knew it. How did you know it? He's no good. I never did like him.  I don't know. I guess she could. Oh, look, Nan's a nice kid. If Stan did something, she didn't have nothing to do with it. How long has she known Walker? I guess about six or seven months. I didn't like him when he first came here. You know Harry Molenski? Harry Molenski. Molenski. Does he understand? Yeah. Short, dark, kind of mean looking? That's right. I met him. He's been up here a couple of times. Nan tried to fix me up with a date, but I didn't want to. I didn't want to go out with no friends at Stan's. I just never liked Stan from the beginning. And I didn't want to go out with nobody who was a friend of his. Nancy didn't say where she was going? No, honest. Watch Stan down. He's in a lot of trouble. I know it. I know it. Look, fellas, Nan's really a great girl. I've lived with her. Maybe that's her now. You better ask her. Harry. Yes? Lieutenant. What's up, Small? A blonde girl just drove up to Walker's apartment in a black merc. She went up to Walker's apartment, and a keen took out some of his clothes.  Oh, gosh. I told her to stay away from him. I told her. She should've listened. Do you know what train he's taking? Uh-uh. I hate to take him in the middle of all this crown. We can do it fast. Four of us. I don't think you'll try to use his gun. You and Asher stay behind us. When we do it, step in them and get the girl, all right? Oh, hold it. There they are. Heading for the trains. Where's Asher? Well, he might be just as well. Pick him up on the train away from all this crown. All right. Don't stick together. Follow him right on the train. Yeah. Oh, your ticket, please. The Westbound train. No one has to. I wonder if she's going with him. Hasn't got a suitcase. No, come on. 514, bedroom B, ram bay. Thank you. Next. Excuse me, let us through. Uh, wait a minute. You'll have to show you. Please. Oh, let's go. Don't be tough. There are many people in there. You take the girl. Oh, he was in trouble. Getting Jim? No, Anna. She just told me to pick up his car. I can use him here at the station. Why didn't he pick them up? I don't know. Anna, he said he was in a hurry and he couldn't. How'd you get his car? He needs it to me. But he couldn't get his own clothes. Okay, so I knew he was in some kind of trouble. But I didn't know it was this serious. I didn't have nothing to do with this. Miss, one of the things that makes our job tough is people like you. Pick it, please. No, go to jail. Uh, 1-0-4-M today. Thank you. Let us through, please. Oh, yes, come on through. Is everything all right? Yeah. Oh, Miss, did Walker buy us a ticket under his right name? Uh-uh. Williams. Uh-uh. And there's a reservation that's not going to be used, coach 4-0-3. And the name? Williams.


Before we get started, we just want to thank all of you guys coming today for coming and wanting to learn more about Anonymous. It's a collective that all of us have had quite a bit of experience with, so we look forward to sharing that experience with you. Our panel today is entitled Anonymous and the Online Fight for Justice. For those of you that aren't too familiar with Anonymous, we found this amazing four-minute quick video to kind of fill you in on a non-101 that I want to play for you, but I also want to remind you too that this panel is slated for two hours. So just so you know, we're going to start off having the speakers give a little presentation to tell about their experience with the collective, and then we're going to go into some Q&A and we're going to have a lot of audience involvement and really allow you guys to participate and ask these amazing dynamic panelists a lot of questions. So before we get to that, here is a video we want to share with you to give you a little Anonymous 101 to get everyone in the audience up to speed. The Bunch of Basement Dwelling Social Outcast Hackers by the Media. It started out as a sort of joke on 4Chimp, then became a trolling group with an occasional activist attitude. Some of the trollish behavior of Anonymous included sending unpaid pizzas to houses, DDoSing websites, posting humiliating information, and prank calls. In 2008, a private video of Tom Cruise praising Scientology made it online and was subsequently taken down by The Church. This attempt of The Church of Scientology to hide the video irritated Anon and they began a massive trolling operation against the organization. Those that had been fighting against The Church of Scientology years before came to Anon and asked them to move away from their illegal and childish trolling and move towards legitimate protesting outside the Scientology headquarters. This idea appealed to the majority of Anon and they moved toward a legal form of protesting. Like all of the anonymous activities, they eventually got tired of this and went back to their trolling with the occasional legitimate cause. Anon got its big break around the time the governments were starting to come against WikiLeaks, which was also around the time of the Iranian uprisings. The increase in potential political causes started to move Anonymous toward more activist actions. Anyone can be a member of Anonymous. There aren't any rules or guidelines. While there are actual hackers that are members, they make up a very small portion of Anonymous. Most members are your normal everyday people with a computer. Your grandmother, lawyer, or teacher could be a member of Anon. The Guy Fawkes Mask that Anon is associated with comes from the comic book and subsequent movie adaptation, V for Vendetta, which is about an anarchist vigilante in futuristic Britain. Guy Fawkes is an actual historical figure. He attempted to blow up parliament in 1604 in order to destabilize the British government and instate Catholic domination, which was significantly more restrictive than the government at the time. Anyway, he failed, but people still like to wear his mask. Oddly enough, the mask design is owned by Time Warner, so a percentage of the sale of each mask goes to them. Anonymous organizes its raids and communicates through Fort Chan and other image boards, wikis, forums, and IRC networks. While Anonymous claims to not have any leaders, it does have a form of organization and logistics that shapes it as a group. Most non-operations are formed in the following fashion. One or two people think some fact where Vendetta is unjust and something should be done about it. They will talk to other non-members and suggest ideas. Whether an operation will actually be launched or not mostly depends on how many non-support the idea. No one can approve or reject an idea in a non. If enough people like the idea, they will support it. If not, it will be ignored and dropped. There isn't a specific number of people required for an operation. Operation HB Gary was tackled by about half a dozen people, whereas something like Operation Tunisia involves several hundred people. Anonymous has various methods of annoying its victims. Distributed denial of service attacks, prank calls, spam emails, ordering numerous pizza deliveries to households, straight up hacking, and more. A distributed denial of service attack is when a site is visited so many times in a certain period that it can't handle all the traffic and shuts down. Anonymous members run a program that syncs hundreds or thousands of computers to sort a single website at once. In the case of Anonymous taking down the MasterCard servers, they used over 2,000 computers to DDoS the site. A DDoS attack is devastating to a company. When PayPal was brought down, millions of transactions couldn't go through, resulting in massive fees that would have to be sorted out in court. Anon has gone against the Egyptian and Iranian government, Amazon, the Motion Picture Association of America, Recording Industry Association of America, and more. Recently, they announced a plan to bring down Facebook and proclaimed that they were coming down on those distributing child pornography. Although Anon values its privacy, they have exposed quite a bit of private data owned by companies and organizations. They leaked private data owned by HB Gary after their owners threatened to expose the non-members, and they gave out private information of officers involved in the Occupy Wall Street arrests. Members hide their identity by faking or masking their IP address, or using a zombie computer. A zombie computer is one that has been compromised through viruses, Trojans, or other malware. The virus, Trojan, or malware will then make the computer send out information to target websites. The entire time the owner of the zombie computer has no clue as to the activities his machine is partaking in. Afterwards, all the logs would be deleted, removing any traces of their actions. A single infected computer will then be used to infect another, and so on. While Anon still reflects its trollish, 4chan origins, it has managed to move towards fighting for moral causes. Anonymous's actions are highly illegal, but the organization is often viewed favorably by advocates of free speech and internet neutrality. One thing is for sure, law enforcement will have to adapt if it ever wants to keep up with leaderless online groups like these. Right, we want to thank Jeremiah Warren for that awesome, four minute, real quick description on a complicated topic. And you guys have to forgive me, I'm working on a Mac here, and it's just been, very hard to deal with. All right, so first of all, my name's Amber Lyon, and I'm an investigative journalist. I've reported quite extensively on Anonymous. And today we have these wonderful panelists. First of all, we have Biela Coleman. She is a professor of anthropology. We also have Grania O'Neill sitting next to her. Mercedes Hafer, J. Letterman, and Marcia Hoffman. And if you notice, we have three lawyers on this panel and quite a few females. So, we're really representing here. All right, so we're gonna go through, we just found out we only have an hour in this room, then we move to another room for a little more audience, Q&A, and that room only fits 35 people, so we'll keep our speeches as short as possible so that we can allow more of a dynamic conversation with you guys. But just to give you a little bit of my background, I am an investigative reporter. As of now, I'm an independent investigative reporter. I spent two years working for CNN in their investigative and documentary unit up until last April when that unit was disbanded. I hope that that didn't have to do with me. I don't quite know, or my anonymous reporting. So, when I first started reporting on Anonymous, you know, the mainstream media really had the story wrong. They were calling a non-script kiddies. Some people were calling them moral fags. You'd hear an four-chan, also hackers on steroids. That was quite a popular term there. But the more I got to investigating this collective, the more I realized that this perception within the mainstream media was not totally representative of everything Anonymous stands for. And the more Anons I would talk to, the more I would see deeper into this collective and see its power to actually create tangible change. And I was overseas covering the Arab Spring and I'd have activists after activists tell me that they thanked Anonymous for actually helping galvanize and save their revolutions because Anonymous was able to take these videos and photos of human rights abuses and spread them across the internet and actually get the mainstream media to care about what was happening on the streets of Tunisia. Also covered Anonymous in their participation with Occupy Wall Street. Anonymous definitely served as a kind of the watchers for the protesters outing police officers for suspected police brutality incidents. In addition to that, I love this photo. I took this one at Occupy Wall Street in New York. And they also really had a presence on the street. You would see a lot of a non-masks walking in unison with the protesters. Now, one thing I noticed though, when you would look at mainstream media stories, you'd notice that a lot of the reporters didn't even talk to Anonymous for the story. They would just take critics' sayings and use those verbatim and wouldn't spend time actually getting to know the Anonymous. So as a journalist, one of my theories upon this is that these reporters are fearful of reporting on Anonymous. That's because it's a difficult story to cover. Obviously, this is a collective that says they have no leader. So you really have nowhere to go to to find sources as well as to go to to confirm your facts. Another thing too, you all know, the media gets played a lot as journalists. We have a megaphone to the world, so we become quite suspect. We become magnets, I guess, for trolls, for feds potentially wanting to use us to get stories out. Also, you know, we are constantly at the risk in dealing with Anonymous, of publishing an incredible story, or on the other hand, becoming the brunt of incredible lulls. And another thing I noticed with the reporting of Anonymous is that fear is not the only factor keeping the press from getting the story right. There's other forces at work that are just as, if not more, disturbing. So this is something that I hope everyone, it's not talked about enough in journalism. And that's the fact that right now, the Obama administration is waging a war, as many critics will call it, against journalists and whistleblowers. And I experienced this firsthand in different policies that were set in my reporting, especially in dealing with Anonymous. The administration, what they've been doing is they've been prosecuting whistleblowers and journalists under the Espionage Act of 1917. Now to put things into perspective, before the Obama administration, the act had been used only three times total since 1917. And now the administration has already used it six times, six times to go after journalists and whistleblowers. One of those journalists being a well-known New York Times reporter.  I don't care, I'll go to jail. I will not reveal my sources. And that essentially has, thank you. Okay, so you guys all are clapping, but do you know to this administration that makes me a criminal? And I know we have... And I know we have a lot of feds in this audience, so I'm gonna tell you right now, I am a criminal in the eyes of this administration. But you know what, I'm damn proud of it, because I feel like we have such an important job as journalists right now, and we should start standing up and raising more awareness about what's going on. So this is how this has affected anonymous reporting, is that the administration has shown major media corporations that they're not scared to go after what was once the sacred press. And this really extends beyond having sources that are just leaking information. It's created a chilling effect to even dealing with sensitive sources and our ability to talk to individuals like Anans and get their side of the story. I was told by my superiors that I had to ask for permission to even communicate with anonymous. At that point, my bosses would conduct what they considered to be a risk assessment of that particular source. So whether I was allowed to interview that source became more of a business decision than an evaluation of societal good or journalistic responsibility. In other words, when you're dealing with sensitive sources who could potentially be wanted by the government, that makes the story a lot more expensive when you're evaluating the potential costs because I said I would not give up my sources. That told my bosses that we would potentially have to go to court to fight it, which you guys know how much lawyers cost. So that really was a consideration, as these lawyers would know. Jay, what would you say about that one? Mine is pro bono. We're often free. Well, these lawyers are a lawyer. So this being said, several of my investigations that would have given Anans an opportunity to tell their side of the story were killed before they even started. And that's just my experience. You can imagine how widespread this is among corporate media outlets. You know, for example, in February of this year, I wanted to interview this Anan. I don't know if you guys, if anyone knows who this is. Jay knows him quite well. He's a client of Jay's. And he goes by the name Commander X. His real name's Christopher Doyan. My bosses deemed it too risky and they told me I could not go and talk to him to get his side of the story, mostly because it was too risky because he's facing federal charges. New York Times reporter James Ryzen, who's currently facing an Obama administration subpoena, said it best. And I want you guys to hear this quote. He said, can you have a democracy without aggressive investigative journalism? I don't believe you can. And that's why I'm fighting. Well, I also fought back. And when my bosses told me I couldn't go talk to them, I said, okay, well then I'm taking vacation. I'm gonna go talk to him anyway. So I did. And I'm in the process of producing an independent documentary on his life and really giving him a chance to tell his side of the story, which is what I hope all journalists and all citizens encourage journalists to do so that we all know how dangerous it is when we allow the government to tell us who our enemies are rather than the people actually finding out the truth and allowing journalists to expose that. So I think more than anything is that if we're able to retake back our status as journalists and is watchdogs, then we'll be able to tell the story of anonymous better and we won't get criticized so much for getting it wrong. I want you to go ahead and give these panelists a chance to talk because each one of them has a very unique experience within the collective and an amazing perspective to share with you. So we're gonna start first with Professor Biela Coleman. One, I've been studying anonymous for better or for worse for about three years now and I'm gonna start with one of my favorite old school anonymous videos. Dear Fox News, it has come to our unfortunate attention that both the name and nature of anonymous has been ravaged as if it were a whore in a back alley and then placed on display for the public eye to behold. Allow me to say quite simply, you completely missed the point of who and what we are. Unfortunately for you, this is not some secret club where we gather in the clubhouse, shopping, gold, porn magazines, and daddies, etc. This is not some internet gang of panel nerds who will spend everything attempting to break into your computer.  Where would you be down inside want to do to be your wife when she doesn't make you dinner when you come home? Where would you be down inside want to be when you find your 14-year-old daughter sleeping with her 27-year-old boyfriend? Where would you be down inside which it could be when your wife cheats on you, when you're signed on to you, when your daughter leaves you, when the waiter goes around you, when your boss ridicules you? We are what you could never be. We are everyone and we are no one. We are anonymous. We are a region. We do not forgive. We do not forget it. We are the face of chaos and the heartbreakers of judgment. I just liked that video because that was a response to Fox News' story when they described them as hackers on steroids and they're like, we're the harbingers of judgment, the face of chaos. So you can really imagine the surprise when six months after this video is released, anonymous doesn't simply become a trolling machine but becomes irreverent activism as well. And this is when I decided to jump in. And as the video we saw originally that opened this panel talked about, Scientology was the first kind of political campaign. And although they moved away from trolling, they still sort of retained some of the lulzy, irreverent transgressive tactics of trolling into their activism. Now what was kind of interesting was that between 2008 and 2010, you basically still have trolling rolling at a forechan. Some people really upset that there's any kind of activist orientation. And then you have Project Chenology. There were some sort of small operations that started such as Operation Tit Storm to kind of protest the Australian government, censorship and so on, so forth. And it was actually in 2010, that slide's missing, in 2010 with Operation Payback where a new node, a new network was born that was eventually known as a non-ops. And this is significant because in some ways, what is distinctive about Anonymous, and the first video was actually kind of wrong about this, is that Anonymous doesn't go from X, Y and Z. It is that there's X, Y and Z at the very same time. And this is something really important to emphasize. Project Chenology in fact continues today, right? It just happens to be that usually one network or one set of operations such as the hacking operations becomes the face of Anonymous because of the media attention given. So that's one point I really want to hammer down. It is a kind of multiplicity, it's not amorphousness. Okay, in the most general terms, I guess you can say that the lesson to heed from Anonymous is that the internet will judge the actions of individuals, corporations and governments. It will often do it at the drop of a hat, unpredictably. And so this is a sort of general way to understand the political operations, but now I just want to sort of emphasize some particular points about the political networks. Again, I want to say it is not amorphous blob, it's a multiplicity that is highly dynamic and that's one of the reasons why it's so difficult to study. There's regional networks, there's international networks, a network will come and go, and this is one of the reasons why it's difficult to pin down. It is not quite as amorphous as the media often portrays it to be. They take on many different causes from environmental causes to occupy, but the largest kind of operations often have to do with internet censorship. Those are when you get like the real, real numbers. Another sort of point that I want to emphasize is that the iconography and the ethics are often the same across these different nodes and networks, so the Guy Fawkes mass, the headless suit are quite similar, there's innovation, of course. Another really shared principle has to do with an anti-celebrity ethic within Anonymous and I'll go back to this, but this is kind of core across the different activist networks. What is different are the political tactics. So, chenology doesn't use hacking, it doesn't use d-dossing. Anonops, obviously that was their kind of preferred weapon of choice for many years. Voxenon, which is a recent network, actually came up with a constitution to delimit the technical power of elite. So the political tactics and the political cultures of these different networks are distinct. But perhaps something else which unites them has to do with the fact that they put on a really good show. Their art is spectacle, whether it's through propaganda, PR, hacking, lot of great videos and iconography. This is something, again, that's often shared by the different political networks. And this is important because what this means is that Anonymous, like that initial video showed, is not simply just hackers, that's a small fraction, it actually allows a whole lot of people with different sorts of skills to kind of jump on board and participate. All it takes to become Anonymous is to sort of self-identify. And obviously certain skills, whether they're technical skills or kind of digital skills with design and art are quite handy. But obviously, obviously, obviously, Lullsec and Antisec, two hacker groups who are really the same but rebranded in different ways were quite important in the history of Anonymous. And I just want to finish with one point about them. So Lullsec in some ways is quite interesting because individuals involved were quite involved in Anonymous, but they were a kind of secret wing. They knew that it was good to kind of do their work under the radar. They didn't want to get the attention of the media. And also they knew that it was best not to call attention to themselves as individuals. Emboldened by the HB Gary hack, Lullsec broke away and went on its 50-day kind of crazy hack for the Lulls. They retired and rebranded themselves as Antisec which became a bit more militant in its tone and language. And one of the most interesting things within the trenches of Anonymous, at least from my perspective as I was doing work with them, was that on the one hand, they were politically valued. And why were they politically valued? Well, they were valued because they were exposing the sorry state of security on the internet. So people were kind of happy about that. There was a lot of hope, especially with Antisec, that they would continue doing the leaking that WikiLeaks had been doing in the past, but they sort of went defunct. So there was the hope that they would reveal politically worthwhile or damning information. So people admired them or at minimum tolerated them. But what was the problem with Antisec and Lullsec? Well, they were leader fags. They called way, way, way too much attention to the group or individuals within these groups such as Topiary and Sabu became celebrities on Twitter. And then of course the media was giving them a whole lot of attention.  And so there was this big tension between, again, we want you to do something politically worthwhile, but ethically you're violating our core, core ethic. So we know in March 6th, 2012 Sabu was revealed as an FBI informant. It was the big Sabu Taj. And since that time, hacking still occurs within Anonymous. There have been some new hacker groups, but generally individuals within them have kind of stepped away from the limelight to not draw attention to themselves. I don't know what will happen next, but I just do think it's important to emphasize that Anonymous is a multiplicity. We're hacking is one weapon among many. And again, it's not quite an amorphous blob, but it is quite difficult to track of because it's kind of like a Hydra with many, many different tentacles. So with that, I will pass it over to Grania. Thank you. We are running very low on time, so I'm gonna be really, really quick. But my name is Grania O'Neill and I'm a defense attorney and I'm a member of the National Lawyers Guild, which is a membership organization of radical and progressive lawyers throughout the country and we have international affiliates. And when in December, I was listening to the very exciting Operation Payback in a snowy apartment, I thought, wow, this is so awesome.  And so the National Lawyers Guild, we got together and we decided to create a non-LG and what we hope to do and what we continue to hope to do is to provide people with legal assistance at the moment when they're either followed or searched or approached or arrested. And so that you can call our hotline or approach us via Twitter or on our email and say, hey, we need a lawyer, I'm in Alaska and we can kind of go through our NLG Rolodex and find radical lawyers in Alaska. So that's our goal and kind of to bring in like how I'm thinking about anonymous, I'm not an anonymous expert like Viola, but how I think of it is as part of kind of a continuing thread of liberation movements and people will say, no, but how can that be? They're unique and on the internet and lulz-y and if you look back through any movement at the time, it was never as clearly defined as we define it today. So at the time, all movements start out rough and then with hindsight, when they've achieved some of their goals, we can look back and say, oh, that movement was the civil rights movement or that movement was the free speech movement. And so anonymous is evolving and will continue to evolve, but it's important to not be overly critical, I think, of it and to distance it from other liberation movements. So I wanted to say that like Viola said, anonymous is dichotomous, like it's good and bad all mixed together and we often think about how can they be so good and how can they be so bad at once? And the thing is, that's the truth for all people. All people are good and bad at the same time and that's dialectical, that's Freudian. We learned this 100 years ago. It's not unique to anonymous, but the law totally disagrees with my analysis here. Their mandate is keeping the status quo and so what they do is they repress groups to try to change the status quo and that's what we're seeing with what the National Ayers Guild calls the nerd scare. So I guess one of the things I hope to talk about tonight a little bit, I know we have like 10 more minutes, but is kind of comparing anonymous and its movement to different other groups and how they were repressed and how some of the things that we saw with Sabu we could have seen if we were looking to other movements and saw their infiltrators and informants. Okay, thanks. Next up is Mercedes. Now, so my section is sort of over. We've been told not to talk too long because Biela had a really important section and it really needed the time. So my sort of area is over the difference in prosecution between like civil disobedience and online civil disobedience. So everything is online now and when you protest that, that's a felony, but if you protest something offline it's like $200 ticket and a night in jail. So that's an issue because you're sort of arresting all these really awesome young politically involved people that deserve to be parts of society, deserve more to be parts of society than anyone else and you're sort of throwing them in jail for 15 years until they're 35. So that's my section. And I have another site. What was the other side? Is it? If you know what that is, congratulations. Welcome. Oh, yeah. Did I introduce myself? I've had a lot of shots. Oh, I am currently charged with conspiracy to denial of service, which I find really amusing because I want you to turn to the person next to you and punch them in the face and very few of you are actually gonna do that but now I'm gonna be charged with telling you to do it. All right, I'm done. How do you follow that? You don't. Don't show tits. No. This is a majority women panel. I'm at the most awesome, mostly female panel ever in the history of DEF CON. And on it or they wouldn't let us have it. So complain to DEF CON at the lack of tits. All right. So I'm happy to be the lack of tits here. My name is Jay Leaderman and I am a trial attorney. I practically live in court and I do all manner of cases. And when I saw what was kind of going on politically, when I started following the news accounts, started getting on Twitter, I said exactly the same thing that Grania said.   So thankfully one of my 17 followers was able to say, look, that's not how you do it. Rewrote the tweets from me, send it back and I sent them out and actually they seem to make the rounds. And I had a whole lot of replies and a whole lot of emails, including one the next morning from that gentleman, Commander X. He was subsequently indicted for, of all things, a very small DDoS on the County of Santa Cruz in retaliation supposedly for protests over homelessness there, homeless, bad homeless laws. But that was sort of my entree into a larger world of kind of talking to Anans. I don't go into the IRC, but I am reasonably active on Twitter. I have slightly more than 17 followers now. And you know, I sort of got adopted by a number of Anans as their attorney. Now I'm not quite sure in my mind that I'm their attorney, but I'm sure they're sure in their mind that I'm their attorney. I don't recall anyone having ever paid me, but that's all right. We do this because it's interesting to us because political and because we think it's important. A number of people have come up sort of on their own and everyone thinks they're terribly clever when they do it, have called me the Tom Hagan of Anonymous. I am not, please don't call me that. It's just not, it's just not accurate, but I do tend to have a good deal of attorney-client-like relationships with Anans. And I'm not trying to excuse their behavior. I'm not trying to put a happy face on any type of criminal behavior, but I am making certain arguments, including one that I've made very loudly in the press, which is that under certain circumstances, this may horrify a lot of the security people, under certain circumstances, DDoS is protected political speech and should be afforded First Amendment protections. In Germany under certain conditions. So as you heard from, or maybe you didn't hear from Amber, Commander X was nice enough to flee the jurisdiction during the middle of our prosecution. So I never did get a chance to flesh out that argument if one of you guys wants to do a political DDoS attack. Let me know, we'll advance it. We can always use a good test case. Well, you don't mind, it's only, look, again, in real life protests, trespassing in California where I'm from $250 fine, probably maybe a couple of hours community service, online, 10 years, $250,000. You can handle that, can't you? Why $100,000 if it's conspiracy? Well, yeah, if they throw on the conspiracy, that's an extra five years and 500,000. But I really do want this crowd to conceive of the notion that DDoS may be more than just an annoying little thing that ultimately serves nothing. It may be a valid form of protest. It may be, as we say, no different than the civil rights movement in the 60s than African Americans taking up space at the Woolworth's lunch counter and saying, if you will serve me lunch, I will eat it, I will pay for it and I will leave, but if you will not serve me lunch, I will stay here until you change your policies. And that's what we see in some regards, DDoS being. Thanks. Hello there, I'm Marcia Hoffman. I'm a senior staff attorney with the Electronic Frontier Foundation. So my organization, as many, if not all of you know, supports digital civil liberties and we are an activist organization and we're also a public interest law firm. So we've been watching the anonymous movement with great interest because it touches upon a couple of areas that we're incredibly interested in, the first being, of course, online activism and the second being the hacking laws, the computer intrusion laws. And I wanna pick up on some of the threads that Mercedes and Jay put out there, which is first and foremost, a lot of people participate in this movement because they see it as being a way to participate in political activism and a form of civil disobedience and one of the things that is scary about that from our perspective is that there is a big difference between civil disobedience in the offline world and in the online world and the reason that that is because the computer intrusion laws carry these incredible penalties. We're not talking about spending a night in jail. The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act is the federal hacking law and the provision of it that I think would most likely apply to a DDoS situation basically says that it's illegal to knowingly cause the transmission of a program, information, code or command and as a result of doing that, intentionally causing damage without authorization. Now damage has a very particular definition which is incredibly broad. It means any impairment to the integrity or availability of data, a program, a system or information and if you do that, the penalties for a first time offense can be up to 10 years in jail, sorry, in prison. And for more severe attacks like that, it could be even up to life. And so it's an incredibly harsh penalty and it's very concerning to think about young people who are starting to flex their political muscle and really wanna take part in a movement facing up to 10 years in prison for a first time offense. And something that makes it even more concerning is the fact that there are efforts underway to try to actually increase those penalties as if they're not crazy enough. There are legislative proposals out there right now that, for example, would treat conspiracy as having the same maximum penalty as a completed offense. It would make the penalties for first time offenses the same as the maximum penalties for repeat offenses so that for a DDoS type offense, first time offense would be up to 20 years in prison. It would increase maximum penalties and for the first time ever, it would add a mandatory minimum of three years in prison for hacking-related intrusions involving critical infrastructure computers. And we've been working for a long time to try to push back against the CFAA. We think it's a very problematic law on many levels. We think certain provisions of it are probably unconstitutional and we are very, very concerned about, thank you. And we think that trying to actually enhance the penalties in this way is an incredibly counterproductive thing and we'll be fighting back against that, too. Thank you. All right, so I'm sure a lot of you guys out there have some questions for these panelists. So rather than me asking them, I want to invite anyone from the audience to come up to one of these microphones and we'll go ahead and try to... Anyone? All right, here we go. Come at me, bro. OK. In a moment. I'm from Mexico and at the beginning of the year, we were having big war on drugs at this point. At the beginning of the year, there was a big movement of anonymous. They offered to throw away or show our public, well, publicly put outside in the internet, all the information of the corrupt officials or people that were working with drug dealers. At that point, it was a big motion. A lot of people in the government were hoping for that. Also, people on the drug side were waiting for that. The idea was if they throw that away and they show that to the public, a lot of people would die the next night. Anonymous came back on it. Then again, went for it. And in the end, they did not public anything. So I would like to hear your thoughts, especially on the ethics side about all this. So wait, just to clarify, you were talking about Op-Cartel, right? I think it is there. Yeah. Without getting into too many specifics and a kind of long history about it, it's a good example because one of the things about anonymous for better or for worse is that it's highly experimental, which is like people sort of get an idea on the fly and they're like, hey, let's go for it. And they rear forward without having a really good plan as to what they're doing and how they're doing it, right? And then it's sort of after a couple of iterations of something, they kind of work it out slightly better. And I do think, again, there's some sort of benefits and downsides of having this highly reactive and experimental method where they're just reacting to world events. The kind of plus side is that they just are really, they've got their finger on the pulse of world events, they're willing to jump in in a way that kind of other groups are not willing to do so, it's highly dynamic. But then in other instances, it also shows the kind of downsides because oftentimes they're not quite prepared to really tackle the nature of the problem. And so Op-Cartel in some ways is a perfect example of that kind of experimental tactic that's at the heart of some political operations behind anonymous. Jay? Yeah, I think, first of all, I agree with her. I agree with Be'el about what she's saying about Op-Cartel, but moreover, it gave you a good bird's eye into the dichotomies within anonymous because that was one of the most divisive ops that I can remember. There were people that were staunchly behind it and there were many more, in fact, probably the majority were very against it. And there was a recognition that people could get really hurt, really seriously hurt and people could potentially even die through this. And there was a conversation, there was a dialogue about it that was, well, is that a reasonable price to pay for transparent government and for an end to this type of corruption? And then there was a further dialogue with who are you to think this would end any type of corruption or that it would even achieve those ends? So I'm trying not to take a position. I didn't really get to into studying what was going on, but those were the essential, that was the essential framework of what was there. And ultimately I think they made the right call in not releasing what they claimed to have. Hello.  And then later on everyone sort of realized that sometimes it's not always possible with the people that you have around or with the time that people have with real lives and girlfriends and jobs and things. I don't have any of those, so I don't know. And so I would say that sometimes that because there's no leader, because there's no formal observation or guidelines, ethics, morals, regulation that sometimes things don't always work out the way that the media thinks they're going to or that even the people making like flyers or PR think they're going to. So people are shouting, we're gonna try and do it.  And then it doesn't happen because it's not actually possible or feasible at that time. So a lot of things happen like that. So we're gonna take down this and it doesn't happen. So. All right, thank you for the great question. We'll. I love your shirt. Thank you. Kind of actually following up on that with the way that anonymous and other groups using hacktivism and the admin of the internet and the ability to spread information that way. You actually see that it behaves similarly to how the democratic process is meant to behave. My question is actually, do you believe that one, that's actually a good way to do it and that we're moving in a positive direction with this, especially following up with what she said, where there are times when you say, hey, we're gonna do this and then it falls through. And obviously that brings down everyone's support and belief in the system. But with the ability for commoners to have more of a voice and be able to spread it across without as much censorship or the indirectness of the voting system where you don't necessarily get to present your point. You just give the yes, no, I agree or I don't agree. Do you think that we're actually moving in a positive direction and this is the right way to start looking at, A, is there a good way to make some more structure around this where it's a little bit more controlled than just a bunch of people, banging on their computers and hoping it works? Cloudy the future is, difficult to say. That comment is actually really funny because I hung up a sign once at an Air Force base in front of a warehouse that said, these are not the drones you were looking for. Nice. But it wasn't vanishing because it was removable. Anyway, in response to your question, I think that there's a lot of things that go amiss in the democracy that we show in a lot of our governments and that I think it's really nice and really beautiful to just have been able to observe this, not even an organization, but just a subculture that views everyone as equal or even skill-based, if you can do a flyer, you're the flyer guy and you're that guy and you're valued for that position or if you're the person that's really good at getting the media involved, you're the media guy and you're valued as that person. You're valued and everyone has a skill set and everyone is good at something. Every single one of you are good at something if only socialing drones like goons to let you into the conference. So you have a skill set and to see a subculture arise that values everyone for what they're good at when you see in real life where you're only as good as your money or you're only as good as the job that you can do and get paid for, it's amazing to see something coming forward and even if anonymous dies, even if this goes away and no one ever reads about it, that idea still resonates and you can see it joining the mainstream, you can see people starting to start things like this and it's been amazing to watch it just ripple. I thought about it. I guess kind of in response to your question, it's pretty clear that our democratic system or our representative democratic system is pretty broken right now. There's about three million people in prison. Most of them are people of color. Most of them are in prison for possession of drugs or something like that, things that aren't really crimes. There's not even a victim. And when we're talking about Mexico, that's a drug war that's created by the US government and the Mexican government and that so many people have been killed in that drug war and I think I'm not the expert on this but I saw this PBS kind of chart about who was voting for SOPA and who was voting against SOPA and which campaign contributions, who they were getting their campaign contributions from and it was really shocking. It was like people who got money from the media industry were voting for SOPA. People who got money from the tech industry were voting against it. It's broken and that's not to say that anonymous's procedures for decision making are perfect or are the best but I think that the point is, is they're working on an alternative model that maybe will be really good and a lot of good things have come out of this and we've seen them. So yes, some really bad things have happened or will happen and things that we don't agree with but I think that's part of life and I really don't think it could get much worse for many of the people in prison for marijuana possession. So.  There's a lots of problems. There's lots of poolings of power. There's a lots of secrecy. It's a kind of really, really difficult entity to understand. This doesn't mean either that we need to demonize them and then there's also some really, really good lessons that lie in anonymous and it's everything from the fact that they've tapped into this deep disenchantment with the status quo. It is a place that allows the many to participate which is what Mercedes has pointed to. They perform the importance of anonymity at the moment when anonymity seems dead, right? So I think it's important to specify why they're politically valuable in such a way that then doesn't portray them as the thing that's gonna solve all democratic problems or political problems. I hate to do this but we have to, I've been given the notice that we're done for now. We're in this room although the panelists are going to be open for more questions in one of the smaller rooms to the side but let's go ahead and give everyone a nice round of applause. Thank you guys so much. Here's Twitter handles and in true anonymous fashion as you will have a show tits. We wanna play a little sax roll for you on the way out.


The common up put out two very key documents the first is called a vision for the future and second is called a concept for stand-in forces in both of those documents he describes how he sees the Marine Corps operating in the future namely that it's going to be operating in the Pacific across a wide wide span of distance using a number of different island chains and reconnaissance-based fighting platforms integrated with things like high-frequency communication with electromagnetic sensing capabilities and so our battalion looked at our vehicle and said well we're the only ones that can do long-distance amphibious operations we should try some of this and so that led to planning getting our AADs out here coordinating with second radio battalion as well as our own communications marines within our battalion to make a highly integrated training opportunity that could test out whether we can take on this kind of mission capability


I am Michael Richardson. I'm the co-founder and manager director of a small company called Einstein. We are an enterprise focused Drupal pass product. We've been in operation for four years now and our mission is to win our partners larger projects by enabling enterprise Drupal. So my own background in hosting has gone, I stopped counting at 20 years. It's slightly longer than 20 years, but I feel like 20 years is enough time to count. But in that time I've worked, oh please, okay. I have worked with very large brands on very large sites. I have hosted sites like Bunnings.com.au, KFC.com.au, Meyers, e-commerce site, Australia.com. And these were very, very large sites that were multimillion dollar investments by these brands that were built primarily on Sitecore and AEM. And everything that these brands wanted out of the hosting side of things, aside from not being terribly interested in the hosting side of things, was about having a host who owns the problem, who is responsible for very high levels of availability, very high levels of security, because for these brands, for a site like Bunnings.com.au, which at one point was 100 developers working on this site full time, an hour of downtime is measured in six figures. It's a very major thing. And in 2016, when I started working with Drupal, one of the very, one of the things that I noticed very quickly was that there aren't sites like this on Drupal. And I don't think that's because Drupal can't do sites like, I'll just skip forward here, Australia.com. Australia.com is a brochure site. It's built in AEM. I can't tell you what they spend building it because I legitimately don't know, but I can tell you that for a site like this and the infrastructure they had at the time, the Adobe Experience Manager site, which is sorry, Adobe Experience Manager license, and this is an AEM site, would have been in the six figures just for the license to operate the CMS. This is a site that could have and should have been in Drupal. And I think there are, we could and should talk for a long time about why sites like this are going to proprietary solutions. But I think a part of it is that at least in 2016, there weren't providers who could match the sort of requirements that these companies when they work on these really high end sites are looking for. If you spend millions of dollars on a website, you don't expect to spend $1,000 a year on hosting. You expect to spend a lot more and you want someone who, when you have a problem and you call them and say, my server's not working properly, my site's not working properly. You don't want the hosting provider to go, well, our network's fine. Everything seems okay. And I know from the response that we've all had that conversation with a hosting provider of my site's not working properly and they go, well, servers up. Good luck. That's not something that these brands expect. That's not something that these brands have. But when a site like Australia.com goes to tender in 2014, and they have their set of requirements that Drupal very easily could have satisfied. There isn't a host that can deal with this stuff. There might be one, but not everything on this list that hosting provider can offer. But for Sitecore and AM and Kenta code, there are half a dozen to a dozen hosts that can satisfy that. And what I set out to do in early 2017 was to build a company that would fill that gap that could provide a hosting solution for Drupal that was able to offer four nines of availability that was able to offer built in disaster recovery that was able to provide this ability to, as I mentioned before, to own the problem to receive that call from a client or even better to call the client and say your site's not working properly. We know about it. We're looking at it. And we're going to work with your development partner to fix it. And we don't care if it's the server. We don't care if it's the network. We don't care if it's the application. We care that the site's not working properly. And that's, you know, we're all on the same team. We're all trying to work to fix that. And I just didn't traditionally exist with Drupal and I felt like it should. We felt like it should. So that's, that's the mission of Einstein build a better Drupal enterprise hosting solution and help our partners have the ability to pitch for things like Australia.com and other really large sites that Drupal can do. And the world needs to see the Drupal can do that. And longer term, to be able to make Drupal more competitive in that digital experience platform space. There are things that AM can do and Cycle can do and these other proprietary solutions can do that Drupal can't do. But Acquia can because Acquia is invested in those capabilities. And we want us to be able to help Drupal bring out capabilities like personalization and campaign management and digital asset management and analytics. And I want those to be part of Drupal because I want, I don't want to work in an industry where the only option that government education and large corporations have is proprietary. I want to talk to you a little bit tonight about the stuff that Einstein does. This isn't an idea. This is a business that's in operation. We have coins now that we are that are running high end production sites that host medical data that has government data that has corporate data. They all have an expectation of very high levels of availability. They all have an expectation of very, very high levels of support. And that exists now and we're delivering on that now. So the stuff that I'm going to show you tonight is already in and it's been in for a long time. And we've just sort of now at this point after four years of building the platform where we've gone right this is the core products finished. And now we're ready to go out and start looking at that next phase of the story in terms of digital experience and bringing this to other markets going outside of Australia and growing the capability of growing a client base. So we do deployments on Einstein. I think we've all had deployments that haven't gone well.  Good. That feeds into my narrative. That's lovely. Thank you. Thank you very much. Most hosts will give you a git repo that is a remote you push to. They from there, they might do a build system, they might not build, they might just straight deploy, but it's their git repo. And if there's a build system involved in each time you want to do deploy, if you want to repeat a deploy, you're not necessarily guaranteed to get the exact same result. When you do it, there might be a problem with packages to some other upstream system that stops the build from happening. They probably configured version constraint that if you're trying to repeat this build two weeks later, you might not exactly get the exact same version of a module that you did the first time around. So when we do a deployment, the process starts with us getting a table or package we call it of the site that is guaranteed to always be the same and it's repeatable. And you can deploy it to any environment and if the deployment goes wrong, you can roll back to that package, and you'll be guaranteed to have the exact same result. You'll be guaranteed not to be beholden to an upstream dependency or a build system that's not working at that exact moment because the build process has happened. As you can see here, each of these packages has metadata or attached them, you can see which branch they came from, which tag they came from, which git shot they related to. You can see which environment they're running in. And for each of these, if I was to click into them, you'd be able to see which environments they've gone to previously so you can see 1004 there had previously been to prod or they've gone to stage and then gone to prod, you can see a bit of the history there. But that idea is that you can completely redeploy that those names those funny names. It's probably the best thing that we've ever built four years of constant research and development and the coolest thing we've built is this system that randomly generates names like really pretty dinosaur. I love it. I wish I could sell it, but that's not a product. But you can you can go into any of these and you can redeploy it. You can roll back. And when you do it you can see in this dashboard here. I wanted to go with screenshots. I know it's a little bit less exciting but I wanted to go with screenshots because they're reliable. But in this dashboard you can see this is a real time dashboard that shows you the instances that are running in your environment in this example we've got a pod environment with two application replicas they're hosting PHP and engine X. There's a chron instance that's doing scheduled tasks. There's an SSH instance. And down the bottom there you can see system pods that are doing cache medication you relic. The system pod there does things like any virus and prevention of permissions entropy and a whole bunch of other sort of internal scripts. And when you do a deployment you'll see these get replaced as the deployment goes through the process so a new app replica will come online and when it's online, the older app replica will be destroyed, and then another one will replace it. And all of this is leading to this idea that we have deployments that are guaranteed to be repeatable. You can rapidly roll back in the case of failure. We have a feature called. She's just called pre deployment backups we have a feature that will in an environment when you request the deployment, it will take a backup of the database wait for that to succeed. And then go ahead with the deployment so something goes wrong with the deployment. You have that backup right before the deployment was and out of 10s of 1000s of deployments that we've done now only one customer has ever needed that longs, and I was really glad that that was there. But that's the, you know, this, this whole idea of building a hosting company that is about avoiding downtime but accepting the fact that if downtime happens we need to be able to recover from it quickly. These techniques are there to enable that mission. In terms of data integrity. I will talk a little bit in a bit about availability and performance and disaster recovery. Anything that happens in that space we can recover from if a server files if a data center explodes. We can recover from any of those events, but if data is lost or stolen or manipulated in a live environment that is an unrecoverable event. Once that genius out of the bottle, we're screwed. So we have invested tremendously in working on data integrity of the platform. The environment has its data and it's file system sorry it's database and it's file system distributed across at least two data centers. And if you were to write something to disk, once you've got confirmation that it's available on disk, it is in at least two data centers at that point in time. So for data center just disappears in the middle of the day. At most you're losing a few seconds of data from the database but you're not losing anything from the file system. Backups out of band to make sure that if you want to go into a backup at any point in time, you're not going to be draining CPU from your web servers in order to do that. And backups when they take place they're stored off site in three data centers and they're out of band. No one who has access to your site on our platform. That is your your account with us can delete scheduled backups. No one can go in and modify that backup store it's not a folder in your server it's entirely detached from it. So you can always have that confidence that right okay something's gone horribly wrong somebody's broken in and they've deleted all my data. They can't have deleted your backups. You will have that data available to you. There's a self service backup and restore and sync capability I'll show you a couple of screenshots that in a second, and you can download any of those backups at any time using our seal. There's very strong encryption in transit and at rest we're currently going through a process of being certified to host classified government data. And in doing that we're complying with the Australian cyber security centers information security manual, which I wondered after the beer if I'd be able to do so. The SM as it's more easily referred to is 813 controls that the federal government has established that you have to maintain whether you're a private enterprise or a government agency that you have to adhere to if you want to host classified data at official protected secret or top secret level. There is currently to the best of my knowledge only two hosts in the country who can comply with these requirements at the protected level. And we are one of them and we're now going through that process of being credited for that. So there is understandably very strong encryption in transit and at rest we actually have policies in place that prevent us from, for example, mounting a file system without that encryption in place. There are, you can have custom backup and retention schedules we have one customer who backs up their production database every 15 minutes. We keep that back up for hours. And we did that once, and we were all very glad that it was there. One of the worst situations is you sort of like three o'clock in the afternoon you realize that something horrible has happened and you've got to restore to a backup. When's your backup. Well it's from last night, which is perfectly normal everyone does that you always have nightly backups, but really when you think about a site at a high scale that's servicing thousands of customers a day. 12 hours 24 hours 18 hours of lost data is. It's, it's not ideal and we have an outbound firewall that really severely restricts the ability for data to leak. If someone is able to break into your server, install a barter script that's sitting there and trying to phone home to some server somewhere else and siphon your data out. You can have a firewall in place that will prevent that. And as far as I know, we're the only pass provider for Drupal that can do that. But really quickly, this is the backup window. This is granular. You can back up public files private files individual databases or all databases. You can restore them. Excuse me. You can restore them at any time. And again, you can restore components of it, and you can sync data between environments. This is not very easy to see if you're not right in front of the monitor like I am. One of the key parts of this is that you can choose the restore strategy for a backup. So for example, if you find out two weeks down the track that a directory in your file system has been deleted and you need to restore it. In some platforms that restore is going to override everything that's changed since in the last two weeks. This platform will give you the ability to say, right, I want to. For stuff that's in the target environment, but not in the backup. I want you to do this for stuff that's in the backup but not in the target environment. So there's a lot of power in there and it's really been built on that idea of these are very expensive sites that have really serious requirements. In terms of availability performance and disaster. I've lumped these all together because they're all combined in this idea of this distributed architecture that we built. There are some app replicas in this example that are the two web servers. They are in different data centers. You can't see the databases represented here because they're kind of outside of the system a little bit, but the database service is an active and a passive and they're in different data centers, and it's not a capability that you have to opt into as a client as a client you don't have to call us and say, can you please make sure that I have two copies of everything because that seems like a good idea. The system's built on the assumption that okay if it's a good idea we're going to do it from the ground up. As I mentioned earlier, there's four nines availability for the platform. We have been operating for four years now, and we know that that's a guarantee that we can commit to and it's financially backed. We haven't had to pay credit for it yet. I'm not saying that that can never change. It's certainly can technology does fail. But the whole idea again is that I feel like I'm a repeating record here, but in the event of a disaster, a data center just explodes suddenly. There's very little downtime if any there's very little data loss if any in the event of an individual component failure like an app instance going offline, there is replacement hardware ready to launch it at a moment's notice. It's very rare for us to have downtime from maintenance. The last time we had downtime for maintenance was 18 months ago. We do patching every two weeks, but because it's distributed we can take down half of it, patch it, update it and then bring it back online and do the other half. And it's very easy to have rapid or automated scaling. Security. I already talked about the AC SC ISM. And that has informed a lot of what we do about security it's informed a lot about we do about security from a workstation perspective as well product didn't need a lot when we started going through this ISM piece. But I wanted to highlight a couple of things that, again, to the best of my knowledge, we are the first in the world to be doing this stuff. It all has perspective. If you have like a triple managed service that's specifically built for your application, you can have this stuff because it's being built bespoke, but this stuff all comes out of the box without platform. You have dedicated logins for SSH access. A lot of platforms if you SSH in your, your username will be like admin web everyone's using the same username but they're using their own keys. It's very hard to identify who did what in the platform because we're all sharing a user. And the one thing that we're all taught when we start getting into it is don't share your login with anyone. You can have a separate inbound and outbound firewall for SSH and HTTPS. We have two factor authentication for SSH so we try and SSH in, authenticate with your private key and then you need to provide an MFA token. We support custom authentication token and expiry timeouts for our API keys. So if, for example, you're a government department and you want to say, if somebody doesn't use their account for two weeks, I want you to disable it. Because maybe they've gone on leave and they forgot to tell you, or for whatever reason, if they're not logging in frequently, there's something unusual going on there. So to disable their account for them, our customers can modify those times for themselves. The same thing for things like idle timeouts. One thing that's painful but fun is this idea for us, and this is an ISM thing, privileged and unprivileged users.  A privileged user is an account that has the ability to bypass security controls. So it's an account that, for example, can turn off logging or it's an account that can modify a firewall. We have a system in place where if a privileged login is used, there's an internal alerting system that we haven't documented that will notify everyone in the team and a privileged account is being used. And that helps us capture if a token for a privileged account is stolen, or if an individual goes rogue and is acting against the company's interests. So I thought that was really cool that that even exists, but that's a thing. So screenshot there of the security controls that one did not come out well at all. I'm going to move past, but you can just sort of see the level of granularity that we're giving in terms of security because that's really what it's all about. Monitoring and support really quickly. I got a couple of screenshots in here of the monthly reporting dashboard that we've built. For each environment we collect over 300 metrics in terms of what's happening. We actually collect more. Oh, right. Yes. Different value for me. Yeah. Yeah. It would be somewhere close to a thousand. That felt more right. Yeah. Yeah. I was only counting metrics that have a specific label. Okay. All right. So we collect a lot of data for each environment and some of the stuff that we collect we we don't alert on everything obviously but some of the stuff we collect we alert on. And the stuff that we alert on that I think comes back down to that whole idea of owning the problem that I that isn't common is we will alert ourselves if an application starts throwing an unusual number of errors that is HPP errors. And we will get a page for that 24 seven. And if a production deployment fails, we will get an alert for that 24 seven. And that just comes down to that idea for our clients and our development partners if they're pushing something out and it doesn't work. We don't want them to have to go through the written role of right well I'm going to call a host and let them know and ask them to help me. If the site's not working we care whether or not we're at fault or whether or not it's something that we can fix. We want to get an abridged mode work through that because downtime can't happen. So just another screenshot there. So some samples of the stuff that we were that we monitor and alert on. And in terms of what we're doing next. Now that we've kind of built that platform. I don't know if anyone here, aside from the obvious people that I know have heard me talk about Takaido before ever heard of that. Okay, so Takaido is an open source platform that we built that's a local environment manager. It's not a land or a DJ but it's aimed to be significantly easier to use in the sense that you can hand it to a junior you can hand it to a site builder and say right you need a local environment run this one command and off it goes. You don't have to learn the tool. It's kind of unobstructive. So we're going to keep working on that we want to start working on the digital experience side of things for Drupal in an open source way doing analytics personalization digital asset management that sort of stuff. That's it. I know I told you this would be a 10 minute talk and obviously wasn't. But yeah that's us where where I'm star. Like I mentioned we, we are not new we are self funded our clients fund us by paying their bills. And we use that to make sure that we're building a platform that's exactly what those clients want. So, and if you want to find me, I'm on Twitter as a Taku Mike or triple slack as Richard. Thank you. Thank you everyone online. And if anyone has any questions like gladly answer them otherwise thanks very much for


Twenty-ninth morning on the way to Chandigarh, just crossing Kurukshetra, the land where the great battle of Mahabharat occurred, and also above all the sacred land where Krishna gave his teaching to Arjuna. The land where Krishna set the value of being right is more important than anything else in the world, more important than your life. Doing the right things, taking up the right stance and performing one's duty beyond one's self-interest was the fundamental teaching. Here we are, rallying for rivers, passing through the sacred land of Kurukshetra. No blood, just we want water to flow.


Alrighty, here is a new versions watch this whole thing in full Two shots here and ready for it All right, cool. So What I would say It's all coming along well at my biggest Thoughts are my main thoughts are for this section here, but let's go That is a bit poppy up and down it's probably Up and down and then especially here where it's only really pops down hard Into this not that, you know, you can do things snappy, but It's probably the way I'm reacting if you have such pronounced up and downs Especially with this but at the same time there's no real visible change in here in Terms of breakup You're super fancy. That means nothing with if the chest goes down you would have, you know A bit of a drag in the head and so on Special something like this where she goes down.  So that's like a one frame direction change hit. I think all of that plus Here when she goes up and floats and her arms go up, but there's nothing really in the shoulder It's all very straight, but there's nothing in the chest There's no complication in terms of maybe one arm goes, you know If this is even more pronounced in terms of offset and that would bring the chest over this way a more rotated in why It's just everything feels a bit stiff and in one axis if that makes sense That just feels a bit stiff here with the up and down and Then here again, you're going up here first So there might be a bigger change in terms of the overall body Pushing this up with the shoulder Then this arm finally gets up and pushes more which could get her get her over this side a bit more Just look like that or even here. Maybe one of the legs I mean this one goes further first here There might be something in the rotation of the hips and then the push off and then a side-to-side That with a bit of a change just everybody feels just a bit too Simplified and stiff That makes sense And I'm looking up Not that you have to make dramatic changes to this in terms of she's looking back at us and then Going looking forward and turning just I think there's also the feeling of Maybe the repetition the stiffness because of all It's not that long. I thought was it's always like could we break this up where she would have Maybe just finished a look back. I know this is a massive change. I don't do this But my thought was this is ever so slightly repetitive. Is there anything we can do to break this up a bit? Where maybe she is more bent over and then gets up, but then it might be too bent up and then bent down again I don't want to be super destructive in the know But just a general feeling of is there anything Potentially more interesting that we could add even maybe like the arc or how the arm is out. Maybe just a swing Here are arm wise is way different than here. Maybe that will already help But I like I mean I still like all the ideas and how she gets up here jump into a Super Mario something double jump The super mario have a double jump now. I don't know The super mario have a double jump so many characters have double jumps to be honest I don't think super mario has double jumps. Wow after 30 years or more playing. I don't remember But yeah, I like the mechanics a lot in all of this here This is cool. I like how she gets in here.  Maybe that could be tighten up a bit here Here it gets a bit too IK where that is really stuck there Bit of a too evenly spaced out fingers goes grouping little polish here and there But the main thing that I have is that she comes in here is all this energy Sits down. I do like here that she's more leaned over But then watch out gets a bit too twin there Could be a bit more pushed in the asymmetry and just offsets there, but once she gets here This is the thing she goes. Oh Okay, come on But there's something about this where if she's really that exhausted because now we're getting into This look and the lean over and I would then really push her shoulders further down. Well, though, they are further down here That's from her inhale. Okay, never mind forget what I said, but it just feels rushed where it feels like she should be Okay, what's going on here? Come on just a bit of a longer Moment, but then my question to you is would that be too weird because you have all this energy With too long of a rest here Cut too much into the flow of this So this is where I'm at. I'm slightly torn about This moment where it feels a bit pose to pose both arms go rip It just feels rushed again And also a bit stiff how she goes from here to here versus Like this doesn't feel comfortable. They almost be like a lean this way Oh Then back into huh, then you can change this into that Change of the spine Into that but even this in terms of come on feels So isolated through there while this is still here where I feel like there would be a bigger change Especially if you're leaving this pose for being exhausted You're going through some mental changes of I'm exhausted and then Wait a minute where it's a baby surprise Aggregation or you know like frustration into ah, and then maybe that arm goes back up Like I feel like it's too simple in its approach of Sitting down pose to pose stuck in this pose where only this is moving Despite quite a change in the motion of Or just general attitude of you know, I don't know how emotional she is but going in that getting ready Exhausted waiting realizing that's not working frustrated. Let's go. It just feels almost a bit too casual Which is that our move there? And even then as it goes down you think that I will let's get ready Maybe while this goes down. She's still adjusting. Maybe the weight shift over doing something with her hands. I don't know This might all just be too much. This is my general reaction as always these you know feedback sessions are all very subjective, but That's the thought that I have for this Alrighty, let me know what you think All right, there's an email you can sign up you can start whenever you want you can submit whatever you want You get 16 submissions either way like and subscribe would be awesome. All right. Thank you


The USNS spearhead arrived in Rota as a starting point for her deployment to the US six-fleet area of operations, where she'll be supporting partnership building and maritime security efforts off the coast of West Africa in the Gulf of Guinea. The ship's master, Captain Douglas Cassavan, explained why the ship is such a valuable asset. It's our job is to provide all the support to the embarked attachments in order for them to complete the mission. The ship is pretty much a hollow shell that we can fill with whatever type of equipment and personnel in order to complete whatever mission is needed. The ship will provide a forward presence and serve to enhance interoperability among African partners. As part of the US Naval Forces Africa's Africa Partnership Station program. Commander Tim Farachi, Africa Partnership Station 16 mission commander, explained the ship's role in this effort. This will be the third year in a row that USNS spearhead has conducted this mission. So basically we'll be building off the previous year's work, theater security cooperation, maritime security operations, just working on increasing partner nation capacity, capability, working on the interoperability to make the maritime security operations more effective. From Naval Station Rota, I'm Petty Officer Devin Barnes.