Hey guys, it's MJ the student-actory and in this video we're going to be looking at Immunization so this is part 2 of chapter 14 for course CT1 Now immunization It's a bit weird. It's kind of confusing the first time you look at it and At first glance it doesn't make much sense at all But what you're going to find is that it is very mathematical and it actually is very easy If you draw your timelines So what we're going to do is before we get into all the mathematics You can see we're going to be looking at stuff like convexity, which has got the double derivative we're going to be looking at volatility and Duration mean term and all these weird and wonderful things before we dive into that Let's just take a step back. So what I've got here. It's a program called affinity designer and what I'm going to do is I'm going to go back to beginning I'm going to go back to the beginning of the course because it's important that we understand the basics so that we understand Immunization and the basics of the course is it's very simple. It's if we have a cash flow So the length of this represents the magnitude. So this could be like say a hundred dollars If we have a cash flow in the future So you can see this is time zero and this is time future If we have a cash flow in the future, how much is it worth in the beginning and What we've learned throughout this course is that We take this amount and it becomes a little bit smaller and This amount here is equal to that amount there. So this amount these two amounts are exactly the same When you take the time value of money into consideration The difference between them, so if I had to draw let's say with a different color Oh, no, we keep that color there, but I want to make a little value there this red part here is what the interest component is and What makes the subject interesting? excuse the pun is that We could have this situation Or we could have a situation like this So these two colorful blocks here Either one of them could be that value at time zero where red represents the interest that will be earned and blue represents the present value The amount of this red value Depends on what the interest rate is now how people actually get to the interest rate that is a very philosophical Discussion and in my opinion, it's kind of just made up by the central government Depending on what economic motors they want to chase. So that's why this value here This red value can change and that's what immunization seeks to protect your portfolio against Immunization was developed by an actually called Reddington British Actory and he noticed that Asset portfolios were sensitive to changes in interest rates because if you have a payment You know in the future and the interest rate is very high Then that amount that you need in beginning is very low but if interest rates are low, then you're going to need a much bigger value here and Vice versa the amount of money you invest now depending on the interest rate will affect the amount of money You actually receive at the end So in order to combat this interest rate sensitivity that is in your portfolio Reddington devised three rules that should be implemented to protect your portfolio against these changes And you want to do this because the fact that interest rates can just change Can mean your company or your business or even yourself could lose lots of money So it's a good idea to immunize your portfolio So with the basics done and understanding that money has a time value Money's worth more worth more in the present than it is in the future because of interest Let's dive back into the mathematics. So Let's come back to to my mathematics and before we get into the The you know the nitty-gritty of it. Let's look at one of the three conditions that Reddington wants for immunization He says that the present value of the assets must equal the present value of the liabilities Now straight away when you think about it You could actually relax this so that the present value of the assets should be greater than or equal to the present value of the Liabilities, but present value of assets equal present value of liabilities It's a fair statement to make as you'll you want to chase the cheapest way to immunize Your portfolio Because if your present value of your assets was much much bigger than your present value of the liabilities You wouldn't really have to worry, but they'd say your assets and your liabilities are the same What you want is the volatility of your assets and your liabilities to be the same and you want the Convexity of your assets to be greater than the convexity of your liabilities Now these are the three conditions you need to hold so that you can be protected against changes in the interest rate Now this isn't perfect. I mean straight away. We can see there are five big problems with Reddington's Theory it requires constant rebalancing of your asset portfolio. So that's going to be expensive Sometimes cash flows are uncertain. So it's really difficult to do the maths the assets that we're going to see that we might need may not even exist and It only really gives you protection against a small chunk of interest rate change And it assumes that the the yield curve is flat and we saw in the previous video that that isn't the case so straight away we know that this isn't a perfect system, but it is very elegant and We're going to go look into the mathematics and how you can do these exam questions I will end off with an example just so that we we all end on the same page But first of all present value of assets equal present value of liabilities You've been doing that the whole course. So I'm not going to go into that That is like the equation of value that was chapter 12 chapter 13 all of those ones What we're going to do now is just look at the mathematics behind point 2 and point 3 because it is a little bit tricky The first time you come around it so first thing we look at is Discounted mean term or otherwise known as DMT although I don't recommend that you Google DMT because you will find a psychedelic drug and not this mathematical concept So don't Google DMT Google discounted mean term if you want more information on it Okay, and what it is basically saying it is the average time of the cash flows Waited by their present value. So if I was to just show that graphically Let's just get rid of these things over here if I had Just one cash flow and let's say this at time five then the discounted mean term would be five but if I had one at five and one at Seven years then the discounted mean term would be six years five seven middle six But where this gets a little bit more sophisticated is it takes in the weight of the cash flow So if this cash flow here was double the amount so time seven It's double the amount of time five then the discounted mean term would be more like Six and a half or six point seven five or something like that It would lean more towards the heavily weighted cash flows now This is all easy in this case, but what you're gonna see with bonds is you have This let me actually draw the the normal cash flow pattern of a bond And you'll see why you actually have to use mathematics to figure this thing out Just bear with me as I copy and paste Okay, so this is how a normal bond looks you have your coupons and then you have your redemption amount So your discounted mean term needs to factor in that the redemption amount is normally much heavier Or actually draw to scale It'll be something like that So you can see the discounted mean term would lie somewhere Somewhere over there, but you don't have to guess That's why you use mathematics so that you don't have to guess so let's go back to the mathematics So what you're doing is you're taking the cash Flow value you're discounting it at multiplying it by its time and then you're just dividing it to get that weight And this gives you the DMT I think that symbol is called tau and it is connected to volatility by the following formula I'm not going to go too heavy into the mathematics and why it gets that but Please feel free and actually do think about why that formula makes sense. It'll be a good example for you Then I mean there is a quick example You can pause and just read through it The tricky part here is that coupons are paid half yearly So your DMT will give you a value in half years and so the final step you need to do is just convert to 4.1 What you will notice by looking at the maths here is that by taking By multiplying here the The time by the cash flow and because time is increasing, you know, you've got time 1 time 2 time 3 time 4 You are going to be getting an increasing annuity Function to deal with and I know well I remember I used to struggle a little bit with this because it is a little bit harder to handle mathematically But do a lot of practice and it will become easy. And so that's how you can get the DMT the volatility modified duration, it's just a little bit more sophisticated and You can also calculate it another way so you can calculate it either using the DMT and then using this formula here dividing by the interest or You can just take the present value Take the derivative of it divided by the present value and you'll know you'll start seeing that this is very similar to calculus you're using derivatives you're looking at different curves and all this type of stuff and What the the idea of immunization is or what we're going to see happens is you want to balance your Cash flows with another type of cash flow So you'll have your asset cash flow and your liability cash flow and Immunization that you balance them will give you that protection against interest rate and I'll show you guys that On the timeline a little bit later on but feel free to pause Go through this example. I don't want to go through it because otherwise this video will be too long And I think you guys can all read I will do the final the final example altogether Finally, there is this thing known as convexity It measures the spread of the payments so the more spread out your cash flow is the higher the convexity and I mean this if you think about it logically Let's actually just draw it on a little timeline Let's say This is my cash flow over here The blue cash flow and then let's make another one or color should we make it orange? If we have these two cash flows, okay, so let's pretend they're two different assets The orange one has got a lower convexity To the blue ones okay because blue ones are much more spread out than orange on orange one is just situated on one point Which means that the orange one is much more sensitive to interest rate changes in the blue ones Because if we change the interest rate with the blue ones This guy will be affected a lot, but these guys are not so much which member interest rate has that type of curve It's like an exponential Curve so this won't be affected that much by change in interest rate This will be a little bit more a little bit more a little bit more this one will be a little bit more But this guy will be affected much greater and because he's also being affected He gets counterbalanced by this one. So that's where convexity comes in. I hope I explained it well You'll see the first time you're looking at immunization. It is weird It is it is weird It is a little bit spacey and stuff like that But the more examples you do you'll finally click and it'll all make sense as it is an easy part of the course In the sense that you just need to be strong mathematically You know you just take know how to take second derivatives and stuff like that So yeah, that's what the convexity does again. This is more calculus So when people like, oh, how does calculus help me later on in life? Well, if you want to become an actually you need to know it So, yeah, convexity is the second derivative volatility. We saw was the very first derivative so now that we have the basics of Immunization under our belt we understand that there are the limits and learn these five points I mean in the exam they will maybe ask you this and you can get to easy marks by just you know remembering these five points But I wouldn't encourage you guys also just to think about the points think about why may an asset not exist That's a nice thing to think about You know some exact assets just don't exist because the market is not sophisticated at the moment However, in the future those assets may exist I mean, it's nice to think about and you can really get lost in the thought Anyway, let's get to a typical immunization Exam type question. This one is quite easy What it's saying is that you have liabilities of 20,000 RAND due in 15 years time so in 20 in 15 years time you owe 20,000 RAND, okay now you need to set up your assets in such a way that you are Immunized or protected against changes in interest rate because remember if interest rates were to come down So if we had low interest rates it would mean that this liability is very expensive to us If interest rates are very high then this liability is very cheap to us And if you're not understanding that pause the video just think of that statement I've just said through and then click resume and we'll continue, but it's important to understand that but like I said that's The post post 13 chapters have been dealing with that idea So let's go back to our question. We owe 20,000 RAND in 15 years time Okay, and we're going to immunize it with two zero coupon bonds bond X and bond Y now bond X is going to be 10,000 RAND and At time 10 and now we need to figure out What what is the term needed for bond Y? So when when do we need to invest or what type of asset should we purchase in? order to immunize this position and and Sorry, I've still got a bit of a cough straight away Do you think Y is going to be greater than 15 less than 15? What do you think? Okay, it's good to make these these little guesses early on so that you can see If you're on sir at the end of the day if it's reasonable or not So back to the example. We've got a 20,000 RAND bond due in 15 years time We have a bond where people are going to pay us 10,000 back in 10 years time We can now set up another bond and we need to determine the term in order to give us immunization so What we can do straight away is we can figure out what is the present value of the assets equals the present value of the liabilities and we set up our equation of values our assets are 10,000 discounted by 10 10 years plus this value of Y and This must be equal to the bond discounted by 15 years So we know that the value of Y is going to be at time zero is going to be equal to 2165 bucks, but remember this is the value of Y at time zero Now what we're going to do is we're going to calculate the Discounted mean term of our assets and we're going to make them equal to our liabilities and What we do is we use that formula where we time the term by The cash flow amount and we're going to see that 10x because 10 is the duration of the first bond plus ny because n is the value It's the unknown that we're going to try to solve for and we're going to need to make it equal We're going to need to solve for n in this equation We know that when you add these values together, we're going to get something like this and We see that n is equal to 26 comma 7 years So like we see we made the guess here We had to put the value here Which you should have you should have realized because remember we want the discounted mean term to be balanced If this was a little bit shorter, we'd have to balance it by putting a value here It's like a little bit like a seesaw or some scales So hopefully you guys did realize that you had to put the value later We see that n is bigger than 15 so it makes reasonable sense and now straight away We can see that the spread of the assets is greater than the spread of the liabilities in the sense that the liabilities is a single amount and Our assets are two amounts, which means remember my blue and orange cash flows. It has the greater convexity So you can actually just say that in the exam you can get away if if you use general reasoning like I've just done there You can say the spread of the assets is Greater than the spread of the liabilities and therefore its convexity is greater and then you can conclude by saying Immunization is achieved so you didn't actually even have to go out and do that second calculation But that is because this was a very simple example So let's actually just end of this video by drawing this Thing here on our timeline. So Let's just delete all of these here. So, yeah, we have the 20,000 red bond over there and What I'm going to do is just raise it up here. So we've got this 20,000 red bond there and By setting up our one bond Over here, I should actually set put these ones on the top and orange one up below because those are assets and Those are our liabilities You can see I think this one's even like a little bit smaller and It's going the future there. So this is what it looks like graphically and if this was like say a seesaw scale Immunization kind of shows that the portfolio has been balanced and when it is balanced It is less sensitive to a change in interest rates and that you are that kind of is immunization and that ends off Chapter 14 of course CT1 Actual science. Thank you guys so much for watching. If you do have any questions, please let me know in the comment section I will do my best to to answer or explain any point that I maybe went About too quickly and if someone does ask a question and you know the answer Please feel free to to help them out and job to reply to that comment But yeah, we've got One more video to do for CT1 and then the course is done. I know the exam is very very soon So I am going to get on to making that video straight away But yeah, thanks for watching guys. Cheers


Does lack of sleep cause you to gain weight? Is there a connection between sleep and weight gain or weight loss? These next two videos will help answer that question. Population studies have found short sleep duration has been associated with obesity in both children and adults. Observational studies can never prove cause and effect, though. Maybe the obesity is leading to sleep loss instead of the other way around. Obesity can cause arthritis, acid reflux, and apnea, all of which can interfere with sleep. The relationship between obesity and sleep apnea, where you're breathing repeatedly, stops and starts throughout the night, may be explained by increased tongue fat, fat deposited inside the base of the tongue that may contribute to obstructing your airway when you sleep on your back. The reverse causation explanation of the link between obesity and inadequate sleep is bolstered by the finding that weight loss interventions can improve daytime sleepiness. Potential confounding factors also abound. For example, people with lower socioeconomic status often work less desirable hours, such as rotating or overnight shifts, or may live in noisier neighborhoods with poorer air quality, more crime. The link between inadequate sleep and obesity persists after controlling for these kinds of factors, but you can't control for everything. You can't know for sure if sleep deprivation leads to weight gain until you put it to the test. Have people pull an all-nighter and they get hungry and choose larger portions?  They start eating an average of 677 calories more a day compared to the normal sleep control group. Other individual responses vary widely, anywhere from eating 813 calories less per day to as many as 1437 calories more. On average, studies found sleep deprivation led people to overeat by about 180 to 560 calories a day. Where strict people sleep, they also start craving unhealthier choices— more snacks, more foods that are fatty and sugary, strict people in a brain scanner after staying awake all night or after a few nights of 4-hour sleep, and their reward pathways light up brighter in response to high-calorie foods. Sleep deprivation bumps the levels of the chief endocannabinoid in the body, the natural chemical we synthesize that binds to the same receptors as the active ingredient in marijuana. This may help explain the nighttime nibbling. On the calories outside of the equation, some short sleepers may take the extra time to exercise. Others will be so sleepy they exercise less. The extra wakefulness may raise calorie expenditure up to about 100 calories a day, but if sleep-deprived individuals are overeating hundreds of calories, over time sleep deprivation may end up putting the wide in wide awake. With insufficient sleep inadvertently leading to such higher calorie intake, it's no surprise that 4 out of 5 studies involving as few as 2 to 5 nights of sleep restriction found an increase in body weight. In other words, if you sleep less, you may gain more. OK, but here's where it gets crazy.  Overweight subjects, who normally got between 6 and a half to 8 and a half hours of sleep a night, were randomized to two weeks of either 8 and a half hours of sleep a night or 5 and a half hours of sleep, on the same calorie-controlled diet. Then the group switched and spent another two weeks in the opposite regimen, so they spent a month living in a lab so their diets and sleep could be totally controlled and monitored. And just looking at the scales, sleep duration didn't seem to matter. During both periods, they ate the same number of calories and lost the same amount of weight. But most of the weight lost while getting 8 and a half hours was fat, whereas most of the weight lost when only getting 5 and a half hours of sleep a night was lean body mass, same diet, but with more sleep. They ended up losing more than twice as much body fat, so you snooze, you lose fat.


Ryan Aaron just noted that our oldest Chapman will not be on the postseason roster And he's not with the team and there could be some disciplinary action What have the conversations been like with either a Raldus or his people during this? Yeah, the obviously we have not had our official postseason roster meetings But he effectively took himself out of at least this round of consideration because you know, obviously as a team We have everybody who's obviously a Part of our network here working out starting Friday, and he he made a decision not the show and So I find him Obviously had a conversation with him. I find him for not being here at a mandatory workout and Aaron Boone post work I had a conversation with him and during that conversation I wasn't a part of that. You know, he you know Boone. He made the decision just tell him the state, you know telling him just Stand down and just stay home. You got to be all in, you know You know at this time of year and it's disappointing so That he effectively made that type of decision He was due to pitch a live VP Obviously get his work in as he was competing for a spot on the roster as well as you know facing our Hitters to give them, you know that type of competition as we navigate the The off days between you know the wild card series and in our division series about the start Tuesday and Again, I can't give any more information. That's just disappointing. So So, you know, we're gonna have what we have here and people who are competing the You know dying to be on this roster and fighting to be on this roster and and want to be on this roster and Even though those decisions haven't been made yet. He Again chose to be absent. So After the Texas series heat with that meet that off day We provided for everybody in between and he flew from Texas to Miami You know to spend the off day there and then chose not to come Friday to the to the workout. So Nothing really more to add What do you think of the matchup with the Guardians and how do you feel like your roster stacks up? Well, we're gonna have an advanced scouting meeting You know later today, I think around two or two thirty and post-workout. So I'll get a little bit more Intel on these guys. We've faced them six times this year. We know how good they are listen anybody in the post season They're really good, right? They've earned their way to be here and the the operations that have been pushed out now, whether it's Toronto or Tampa You know or St. Louis. Those are top-notch You know operations and top-notch teams that you know, we're more than capable as well. So to be in the post season you've done a lot and You know to be able to advance obviously You're doing a lot. And so I know that Cleveland's got great pitching Both in the out of the rotation and the bullpen. I know they got a great defensive team They're young. They're athletic And they're run by, you know, one of the games, you know, all-time great managers and Terry Francona and and one of the games best executives You know under the leadership with his staff of You know, Chris Antonetti. So You know, we know we got our hands full. There's a lot of respect we have for the Guardians and their operation from top to bottom And so we'll learn a lot more About them here later this afternoon As we continue to get our team ready for Tuesday night Over to left Brendan and then Lindsay Cash Boone said that Chapman gave an unacceptable excuse as to why he didn't show up Friday. What was that excuse? You know, I wasn't part of his conversation So I know I had my own conversation with with the Raldus and it wasn't an excused absence, you know He obviously was do everybody was due to be here for a workout every day And you know all the specialty coaches, you know communicate with their You know responsible player group about what their Coming days work is gonna be and you know, Matt Blake had communicated with the Raldus about his live BP on Friday and You know our interpreter who was on the phone with me interpreting with with a Raldus, you know He was in communication with a Raldus sharing It's more on the brief sharing and reiterating when he was supposed to be here. So there is no, you know Listen, there is no legitimate reason why he wasn't here You know, he's employed. He's due to provide work Postseason roster hadn't been set yet. We hadn't even had our meetings yet. We still haven't had that meeting yet And he chose not to come so and what did you see out of DJ in the Mayhew the last week or so? Of the regular season, I see somebody that's fighting, you know to be a part of things, you know he's obviously compromised with an injury and He's trying to put himself in the best position to show what what he is capable of doing, you know all by all by limited and And then you know, he recognizes and understands that puts the onus on on us on our end whether it, you know, we're from from my chair to More importantly our manager and our coaching staff about is there a fit can he contribute, you know, what can he provide? So he's, you know, certainly competing and showing everything that he's made of Because he wants to be a part of a winner and he wants to be in a position to contribute I don't think he or anybody doesn't want to be a part of something if they can't help But that determination has been made yet, but But what I've seen so far is someone fighting, you know, which I appreciate, you know, so Chris Given the uncertainty of the bullpen Do you feel like you have enough with that group to advance as far as you'd like? We're gonna find out, you know, I feel like we just have to have to feel comfortable that whoever's, you know On this roster's all in right, you know, they're laser focused on whatever I can do whether I'm the best in the world at it or if I You know, I've you know fought my way into this mix as part of this group that whenever, you know, Aaron Boonen and calls upon them to You know play a role that they're gonna give everything they they're capable of giving and there is no hesitancy. There's no Distractions, there's no, you know, our laser focus is to try to find any which way possible to Beat Cleveland and So we're gonna find out. I think, you know, we have a lot of talent in that in that room You know, thankfully we we've got some guys coming back from injuries. Certainly some of them Pitched very little towards the end when they came back off their IL stints But they're healthy and so ultimately it'll be, you know An interesting roster discussion that we are to have soon The reason we haven't had those yet is because of our workouts here and there's certain things we want to see Certain information we need we need to get whether it's from our training staff or medical staff By what these players obviously are able to provide here in the coming days. So But I'll feel confident with whatever we have because I know, you know, we have a good group in there and they're really talented. So Ron and Eric Was Raldus's reasoning essentially that it looks like I'm not going to be on the roster for the division series So that's why it didn't show up I don't want to speak for Raldus. Um You know, I had my conversation with him And I can say I've had a I've had conversations with the Raldus in season As well as our coaching staff in season as well as well as our manager. So It's unfortunate that he wasn't here Friday Clearly disappointing But at the same time Not surprised By how things have started to play out of the over the course of the season. So Um, it was surprising at first like a little shocking But then after the shock what wore off, it's you know, when you add everything up Uh, it's not surprising. You know, there's some questions about whether he's been all in or not You know for for a little while and he's maintained verbally these and but at times actions don't you know don't match those words So so when he didn't show on friday, obviously it was at first Yes, there's a lot of a lot of people upset and and caught off guard But then after that wore off, you know, the focus is on the guys we have here currently and that's what we're going to focus on Trying to remember. Has there ever been another player who didn't show during your time here? No uh, Eric Brian, is it a concern or how much of a concern is it not having a set closer going into the post season? Okay, you know Well, our hope is that our set closer is going to be homes, but but I know that We've been forced to mix and match. So I guess in fairness to your question about what we've typically had going in as a you know, uh A direct line of getting the ball to a very specific person and and that current situations in question So but we we've been forced to to mix and match here along the way and we have had a number of different Players show what they're capable of and so I think I think uh You know erin boon with matt blake As well as mike harky and desi you know Relying upon also, you know mendee's Contributions and that dug out with tander swanson too is it's just One of the matchups, you know Who's available that day? What lane is the best for this particular guy?  So, you know, I noticed last night and You know in a game, you know with our crosstown rivals the the mets, you know show all their drew on You know currently the best closer in the game and and Diaz, right and they called him in the seventh inning Yeah, and so That meant somebody else was going to have to help close out the game regardless of the run differential at the time and You know for the eighth and ninth inning and so, you know in post season, it's all different and every day Plays out differently and you know, you saw a game yesterday in cleveland where it went with 15 innings You know and every yearning was a closer. Whoever your Either team had out there was trying to close it, you know, uh, you know You know obviously cleveland's end, you know because they could have to walk off but but uh In that they were calling on different cast of characters whether it was starters coming out of the pen or Or relievers you're used to seeing but every inning was high leverage and ultimately that's the the true cases post season Every inning is high leverage, whether you're starting the game or trying to finish the game one way or the other Each and every inning is high leverage. So You know, it's at the end of the day. It's not going to matter, you know, but Uh, that's how we are set up currently and that's how we're going to play it And then the separate talk of how much discussion behind the scenes was there of starting somebody other than garrett in game one You know, you'd have to ask erin boon that, you know, erin, you know as a manager, he decides he didn't answer it Oh, I mean, listen, I think I think our are I think the one thing I can represent is that there's a lot of thought and And conversation that goes into every decision he makes he relies on On, uh, you know, his staff. I think we have a great coaching staff I think boon's done an amazing job and I think he puts all the work in that's necessary And then he comes up with the decision that that he feels is best to help this franchise, you know match up At least this next round and and hopefully rounds beyond that but uh But I can tell you a lot of thought went into it regardless, you know, who to go with one who should go to who should go three and and um And you know, he's got his reasons on it, but I you know, I feel really good about our starting rotation, you know, no matter who we deploy Lindsay Ash, what are what are the other events that led you to question whether or not or all this was really all in this year?  Um, really talented Most of uh, most of his, um, You know time with us thus far has been exemplary and um Yeah, this year's a struggle and obviously dealing one year used to being You know Superhuman and then he deal with adversity, you know, uh, obviously I think people deal with it differently And you know this year was a struggle for him and um, but the time you saw the flashes of uh, there it is It's and then there's other times it you know disappeared and You know, he was fighting through it. I'm sure and um But it doesn't make you know, this game's not easy, but you know, you don't need to make it harder by Again, not showing up at a mandatory workout and you know for yourself as you compete for postseason as well as for your teammates who are You know in there right now fighting, um You know to be ready when called upon and and to try to put themselves in the best position So they can have success for us and for our city and for our fan base That's the job and um, he chose not to be a part of that as a friday for whatever reason, so Brian Brian now that Aaron judges regular seasons in the books, um, you know, what do you think allowed him to take his game to another level this year? Why do you think he was able to do that? I mean, he's a he's a great player, you know, uh, who bet on himself and it's the all-time best bet, right? You know the way he, you know, uh navigated the season, you know, um Obviously he was healthy and you know what he's capable when he's healthy He's always putting up huge numbers when he stays healthy and and now he's shown he's stayed healthy now for a number of years and But it's a remarkable accomplishment. You know, it was very special to watch Uh first and foremost for his mom and dad and and his wife. So his immediate family Um, but obviously it captivated the entire baseball world. Um, you know and obviously Doing it while you're on a team, you know, that's Winning 99 games and competing for a post-season berth and uh and for a division title and just made it that much more special Uh for this franchise and for our fans. So, um Really, uh, it was a great gift that he gave to the industry and to our fan base For whatever whatever what he was able to accomplish. So it was amazing to watch You talk about the bet that he plays on himself Obviously, there's a pot of gold at the end of that rainbow. Where do you stand with that? What is your next move?  No doubt about it So, you know, um good for him, you know, um, you know, it was a It was already a big pot and uh, obviously it'll be bigger, but uh You know, he's put himself in an amazing position to have a lot of choices and and clearly, obviously, you know, we'd like to Uh to win the day on that discussion and that's obviously for another day Um, but you know, we said that before the season we said that Many times during the season and you know, if you need to hear it again, I'll say it again Yeah, of course, we'd love to have Aaron judge back as a new york Yankee and Um, but that's all for another day Take a couple more dan Was the tattoo the leg tattoo part of the Issue with with Chapman with the decision to have that during the season. Was that problem? I mean, I was unfortunate, you know, I don't recommend I certainly hope that All athletes and all sports choose not to do, you know, get ink put on in season in, you know during their Playing seasons because there's always the risk of having a uh infection which would take you offline and You know that happened, um Obviously, he didn't make that happen on purpose. I don't think it it's a wise decision to for any athlete to get ink But no, uh, that is not You know that that was frustrating to lose access to him for a period of time Uh, but at the time and that was going on our biggest focus was for his health because it was a serious infection at the time and and uh Until it gets contained. You don't know how serious it could be So you want to make sure that he got all the best medical care possible So he healed up properly and it didn't become complicated and and cause other issues So thankfully that resolved over time in a in a healthy way for him and his future, um But uh, it wasn't a great decision. Um, and hopefully that Circumstance will give pause to anybody Um, that's an athlete, uh, you know worldwide with no regardless of sport of You know, I know ink is very popular and and you know amongst You know many people and you know, I think just time and place the one you choose to decide to to go ahead and get some Put on you, you know, you wouldn't I wouldn't recommend it in season ever for anybody and with judge I mean coming off this season that he had is there it seems almost impossible to see him leave This team. Do you have that? In your head that that's a possibility that he could end up somewhere else after the season I mean when they In, you know, uh, earn the right to free agency back in You know, uh What was it 70s So when that that that was a game changer, so and since that time many a Uh Many of players left, you know and gone somewhere else. So Um, so free agency gives people the ability to have You know control of their decisions of where What's best for them and their family and and where they want to be moving forward based on a lot of information that You know, they'll be gathering so So I think that history since the 70s and since the advent of free agency shows that you know players have changed organizations You know, but certainly You know, we always compete to try to keep what we would like to keep and And in some cases we're successful in other cases We're not we always try to compete and try to take free agents from elsewhere And sometimes we've had a lot of success there at other times we haven't but uh But it's part of the market process. So that's again all for another day. So Last one Matthew Aaron mentioned that he's not ready to rule Chapman out for the ALCS or the world series should you advance Do you feel like that's fair to the other players who you mentioned are You know dying to be on this roster that someone who no show to play off workout could potentially make the roster over them You know, I I had my conversation with a Raldus and his agent several with his agent and then and with a Raldus Chapman as well I also strategically and purposes left the decision With the manager in charge of his players in his clubhouse, you know So the conversation that Aaron Boone had post-workout on Friday with a Raldus. I wasn't a part of Um, I didn't hear I wasn't on the other end listening or like I if I was I would have identified myself being on the call So Booney called a Raldus whether it was from his office or from home I don't know where and had a conversation and from that conversation he called me and said He made a decision that he told him after that conversation. He told him to stay home for this round. Don't come up now Yeah, obviously, uh, you know We could have mandated him being up here for Saturday and then Sunday and then Monday and You know and see if we You know if he put himself in a different position or whatever, but that conversation Boone had Uh with a Raldus, um, whatever it was Um, Booney said I told him to stay home and don't come and So that was his decision and that was his Authority, uh, which I support Um, and it's also his read. I think of what's best to your question for this clubhouse and for you know, the teammates that That were here Friday On time and and you know going full bore into their workouts, whether it's treatment or related or Or a conditioning or obviously batting practice or throwing goal pens or live vps or whatever it was supposed to be um So he made that decision So I suspect it had a lot to do with factoring into you know, what's fair and best You know for the entire group, you know, you know, rather than having somebody You know Decided to pick and choose when they want to be in and when they don't want to be in But I don't want to speak around Boone, uh for that, but I suspect that's part of it for him And I would be understandable if it was so but I also I also know that people can make mistakes people can screw up and uh If If there is enough, you know, uh feeling of I I made a mistake or what have you and they have those appropriate conversations and You know considerations in the future could be different. You know, so um, as of right now, he's not on the ALDS roster. He's not he's put himself in a position not to be considered on For the ALDS roster, which has not even been decided yet by his actions and um If future considerations, uh, if he wants to be in position for future considerations I think there's future conversations that probably need to take place, uh, you know for that so I would not rule Anything out, you know, I just I think we all just have to address the the elephant in the room is when you go walk in there You're in the clubhouse. You're on the field. You're not gonna see him. So and that's the reason why And I'd rather not have to speak to that but You're good at what you do you find out anyway, so you'll see it Okay, cash. Thank you again for the time. That'll conclude the interview room for today


Devron today with Oliver's talk about challenges in modern visualization. The stage is yours. Thank you. Hello everyone. So I'm Oliver and as you said, I will talk a bit about the new challenges that's in fact already existing, but are also coming into the virtualization world. So first, I'm the CEO of VATES, a company doing open source software in virtualization things in general. I'm a former system administrator. I'm using Zen since a while now, so I'm more Zen guy. I created the project called Zen Orchestra, which is a backup management solution for initially Zen server and then XCPNG, which is also a project I started as a fork of Zen server. And as I said earlier, this project is now hosted inside the Linux Foundation. Thanks to last. If you want to have access to some details of the presentation, then it's available on this link. So sometimes I will go into some deep details and if you want to learn more, you will be able to take a look at those links. So I'm not someone really deeply technical, so I'm not a kernel hacker or Zen hacker, but I'm more, as I said, from the user side of virtualization. So the thing is as my position of, you know, selling support for open source solution, I'm a lot on the field. It could be this kind of conferences, but also meeting with developers or people who might actually decide to take this or that solution. So this gave me a way to, I think, feel a bit what's going on in this world. So that's a non-technical talk, but more another view on what's going on. And the funny thing I hear a lot on the field is that people seem to forget that virtualization is almost everywhere because people said, I would say people's more exact in general, but anyway people said I'm reading or seeing a lot of stuff about, you know, the trend of going everything is a cloud using orchestration, whatever. And without even noticing it, they are very likely using, not them directly, but the thing that they are using are on top of virtualization. So I think it's somehow a good sign that it's pretty everywhere and even now in places that we didn't suspect maybe a few years ago. But against that it means that there is new challenges that will come with this position of virtualization. So those challenges are three main topics. The big one is obviously security, I think you might know why, about the performances and finally about all the new use cases. So what about security? When I use the word we, I'm not talking about very technical people or people aware or security researchers, but the average admin or the average exec maybe. The trend that we all saw is coming from the layer one, the hardware, and then adding more and more layers on top. So I mean there is an explanation because it's easier for people to do some stuff because you will have more abstraction. But the thing is by going more and more on top, then you tend to forget what's going on on the bottom. So for example, I started with virtualization, then a public cloud, then orchestration containers, containers orchestration, serverless, but it seems that somehow your code has to run on some hardware somewhere in the end and even developerless. So this is a thing on Twitter if you click on the link. There's some people that can imagine that you can get rid of all the developers forever and just in few clicks create a great application that scales, et cetera, et cetera. So in the head of a lot of people, we are going far away from the metal. And in the meantime, another phenomenon is happening and you probably know that in the hardware there is more and more software somehow. So it's like car manufacturers, you know. In your modern car you have tons of software that you didn't have maybe 20 years ago. And it means that companies focusing on hardware are delivering more and more software. And somehow those teams working on those features on the hardware doing this low level software aren't really sometimes have not really priorities about security. So we will see you with an example later. So in short, we again, not especially you, but we thought that our hardware was secure.  But if you do that nowadays you will forget about the foundations. The foundation is the layer one and what's going on if you have weak foundations and have a lot of stacks on top of that, well the result is not great. As you can see here, this is exactly the same metaphor. You have weak foundation and all the layers on top are going down because if you are able to hack on the low level then you can get everything what you have on top. So what about those problems on the hardware? Well, I think you know them right in the silicon. You have all the issues with those at least Intel CPUs but also some others. But the biggest impact was on Intel stuff. So I want details, I think you know some of them and if you don't Google them. So this is right in the silicon. I insist because it means that it won't be able to change tomorrow. What about BMCs? So BMCs, if you don't know the word exactly, that's your ILO iDRAC, your extra small CPU and network card on your motherboard that's allowing you to do very cool stuff in the data center so you can install an ISO remotely, update your firmware, spore cycle the machine, so that's great. But in the last 10 years we had a huge amount of CVs on security flows in those hardware. And this is again from the hardware at this lower level you can access to a ton of stuff even if your top layers are secure.  You might also decide to disable some features on your CPUs, for example, hyper threadings to be secure against some side channel attacks. And again, I repeat that because it's really important. The security should be considered as a whole. So if you have a problem on one state and lower is the layer when you have the security issue, bigger the impact will be. Those side channel attacks and hardware bugs are here to stay. By that I mean that you won't change all your hardware tomorrow but even if you can do that, I'm pretty sure that we'll continue to find some flows in the current silicon designs for a lot of reasons. One of them, for example, is that x86 is very complicated and then researchers will continue to find new issues. So it will stay. The problem won't vanish tomorrow. So I talked a bit about some general stuff. What about the impact of everything, like I said, on virtualization? So, funnily enough, the first answer might be not, especially on the technical side, but you need first, because you know that you will have some new flows coming, you need to have a great security workflow for your projects. For example, for the Zen project, there is a really great security process.  So the first answer might be just a way to organize the project to react to these problems. Also something that's really important is to have a good design documentation to how your hypervisor is working, how it works. And because if you have a great design documentation, I mean not going in the full details, it means that people from outside, for example, security researchers, can tell you, okay, I'm not inside virtualization, but I'm in CPU security and I see that through your design documentation that you could probably mitigate this or that by just removing this or adding that. So that's why it's more important than ever to have a clear explanation of how it works. And obviously the usual community stuff that we know in open source, but for hypervisor it means, for example, a great communication between different projects, for example KVM and Zen, because more brains means more ways to tackle issues and even if there is some design differences, there is some influence on how to work on a problem and how to solve it. So for example, I have in mind this core scheduling which is an interesting thing that have been thought by people in the kernel, in KVM and also in Zen and mixing ideas is always great. And external people, so it goes back to the good design documentation so you have more easily people on board telling you what's wrong on your solution. So regarding the technical solution, the first one is because it's more and more complex and there is more and more flows, you need to modularize the code. So it means that you let the user deciding to use some parts of the code or notes so it can be mitigations, but it could be also features of the hypervisor. So people we use, for example, stripped version of in this case Zen for OpenXT which is a project used in defense sector because the attack surface is really lower than the full feature thing. So the other issue with that if you gave a lot of choice to users then you have to guide them to tell them if you want security then you might choose this or that and if you don't care then you can use all the features etc. Also we saw that updating the low level software is pretty important and to do that you must have ways to do it in a way that won't disrupt your everyday operation. So we know that if it's hard to update that people won't update. So giving you a few examples, so applying microcode to your CPU without doing a reboot, it's called late microcode loading Zen. That's interesting to avoid any production disruption. Live patching, live upgrade, I think it's called live update by IWS people that contributed to Zen allowing to make a major upgrade to the Zen version in live on a physical machine without having to even to reboot or disrupt the VM. So that's really interesting. If you want to get the details you can click on the link. And on the technical solution I will be brief but in short you probably heard some of them. So the goal is to have a better isolation and to avoid all side channels attack. So there is a lot of strategy. It's a non-exhaustive list. There's a lot of different approach but we have a lot of ideas on how to improve that. So what about the performances? And there is a link between the security and performances and the link is you must continue to work on the perf side if you are also working on security because if you forget about performances and doing more and more mitigation then you will have a problem because there is always a balance on security and performances. Sometimes you can have both but it's not the usual case. I think what I didn't write it but the idea also is to have benchmark tools to be sure that for example with the CI platform to be sure that your modification won't ruin all the performances of your hypervisor. On the compute side as you may know CPUs are bigger and bigger at least in the x86 world. So you also must have to maybe rethink some parts of the code because you need to adapt to the massive number of cores that are existing right now in the CPUs. On the storage side well it's not a new trend per se but in the end we have cheaper NVMe drives and some storage stack have been made when we only had HDDs. So they are where in bottlenecks but now for example an NVMe drive is able to wait because the CPU is too busy to write stuff on it so you have to think on the way to write on your disk without making syscalls, using modern libraries like IEU ring etc. But it's also something that you need to do carefully because it's always the balance between isolation and performances. So again benchmark when you make some modification there. About new use cases it's pretty funny because for some of them you don't saw them coming. So for example the embed world people in the embed world really love virtualization because it allows to make isolation on software level so it might be cheaper in some cases but the challenge by doing that for a project like for example the Zen project is the compliance because you need to have standards of security standards especially inside the IR space or automotive projects. So you need to have a kind of framework to validate or to be compliant with those standards without disrupting the way you are building software every day. Again finding the right balance. You have new architectures and I think that's really interesting because there's a lot of great things to get from there so Rix 5 for example. There's a lot of talks about it and I think having for example porting Zen to it might be really something great in the future. We saw also more arm deployments in the server world and I personally think that could have been a thing maybe eight years ago something like that but it didn't but maybe this time it will be a bit different because the performance level is pretty great. Okay so in conclusion I think that's my opinion by seeing everything that virtualization will see more challenge than ever because everything is more complicated especially in the server world and in the X86 world and we have to take into account the security that isn't maybe great on some hardware on the BMCs so all the physical layer should be able to be updated quickly without disrupting everything so as the layer just on top of that there is some heavy responsibilities to do that's something that just works because otherwise the overhead won't be contained and virtualization is a great tool because that's really flexible you can do a lot of great stuff with it like migrate or have your hardware abstraction isolation et cetera et cetera but it will stay relevant as long as the work is done to avoid all the issues on the layer on the bottom. And this work which is I think more and more important and huge nowadays because as I said there is porting to new architecture all the security work et cetera that will need more bigger collaborations between security researchers or benchmark people multiple open source projects and I think this is in the open source world the challenge is to have everyone on board to find solutions together because one project on one side won't be able to keep up alone so it's all a way to continue to nurture those communities to work together that's really important but the reward to do that is pretty high because it means that if we can do that if we can keep up the pace but if we can also work with people at the limits on the hardware and software we could not only use utilization in new use cases but also maybe bring a lot of innovation that will help utilization to thrive in this world so there is a lot of opportunities on those current KVM and Zen projects and I think we will see more and more stuff coming on the limits on the hardware and software because in the last six months or so I saw more and more companies created working on very low level things like CPUs, architecture or even building x86 servers so people that aren't Dell or HPE etc you know there is somehow some people want to disrupt a bit this world so I have the feeling that it will continue and then we should take a look at that because if we've been there pretty early in this stage of research it can lead to really interesting things I'm done thank you so if you have a question go ahead so that was pretty clear


All this month, get any smartphone 32-gigant under for 50% off regular price at Appalachian Wireless. Better service, bigger savings, that's today's Appalachian Wireless. While supplies last, two-year agreement required. After tonight, the field of the girl's 15th region basketball tournament will be narrowed down to just four teams. First up, it's Southwood and Lawrence County. The Lady Raiders making their second-ever appearance as champions of the 58th district and the Lady Bulldogs coming into this one after eliminating the one seat of their district Belfry in first-round play of the girl's 60th district tournament. Southwood off to a solid start assists from Jesse Tackett to Taylor Berger for two. Lawrence County though, sticking with them early in the beginning. A Southwood turnover leads to a Lawrence County ball. Bulldogs getting their offense set. They send it down low to Kelly Davis who goes straight to the basket for two points. Southwood able to pull away early though at the buzzer. Jesse Tackett, check this out from the left wing pushing the Raiders lead to 10 points heading into the second quarter. With a substantial lead heading into the next quarter, Cheyenne Light getting in on the action and check out this team work, Southwood moving the ball around Jesse Tackett inside a brick stumble. Final score, Southwood 67, Lawrence County 49. And in the final game of the first round of the girls 15th region tournament, it's Shelby Valley and Paintsville. Coming into this one, Shelby Valley 26-4, Paintsville 25-4 to get the Tigers rolling on offense right out of the gate. They feed the Italian Eleanor Lanzani inside. She gathers the pass and finishes with the layup. And then again, Paintsville on offense. This time Lanzani takes the inbound pass and drives to the basket. Fishes it to Presley Chirico who finishes with the contested layup. The Wildcats look to answer back on offense with some good ball movement and finding summer rows in the corner and she drains the three-point basket. And then on the next Wildcat possession, Shelby Valley showing off some more ball movement, finding summer rows once more. This time she drives down the baseline, stops and pops for good two points. Paintsville's Elizabeth Williams though, she'll go coast to coast, gets past her defender and flips the ball off the glass and it's good. In a buzzer beater from the expo, Paintsville wins it 46-45 over Shelby Valley.


I'm Joe, the communications officer for FEMS, and I'm joined today by Professor Miroslav Radman, who is the co-founder of the Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, where we are today, and also one of the co-directors of the FEMS summer school for postdocs, which is happening over the next week. So thanks for joining me today. What's your favourite microbe and why? At this point in time, it's dinococcus radiodurans. Okay. Is it so tough? Indestructible, yes, indestructible bacteria. Do you work on it at all here? Yeah, we work quite a bit on that bacteria, trying to understand how something like ionizing radiation cannot kill a million rods of radiation, cannot kill a bacterium that is made of the same kind of proteins and DNA that others. That's a good answer. I haven't had that one yet. And guess my second question then is who's your microbiological hero and why? My biological hero is Sydney Brenner, for the reason that he was a free mind, incredibly imaginative, participated in several key discoveries of classic biology, and last but not least, a great sense of humour. Yeah, okay, which is always good. And then my final question is if you could make everybody in the world understand one piece of microbiological knowledge, what would it be? Everybody in the world, I would use microbes to illustrate evolution as the most successful process probably in the universe. Just life on Earth, as it is, is almost four billion years old. So we have a process based on the principle of evolution that is practically immortal. The products are ephemeral, but the process is so robust that it is practically immortal. Four billion years, right? Yes, exactly. And we know that when life started, when we have last universal common ancestor, that it looked very similar to a bacterium, and it was a single cell organism that reproduced its genetic and therefore functional information, and that's how life started to grow. And eventually became all of us as well, eventually reproducing every human alive today. Which is amazing. Yes, absolutely, that we have an uninterrupted tree of life over four billion years, starting with something like bacterium, and to the people like you and me talking now. Amazing. Right, thanks for taking the time to chat to me today. And good luck in the summer school, it's going to be great fun.


Thanks for checking out this movie review video So this is for the 1971 film the cat o nine tails and this is the second Film written and directed by Dario Argento. Actually, I think he yeah, he had a partial credit Writing credit. He worked with some other folks But this was the second film by Argento his first one being the bird with the crystal plumage So this one the cat of nine tails is the second installment in what is called the animal trilogy and the third one being four Flies on gray velvet, which I have not seen yet But if you are an Argento fan and you want more reviews of Argento actually created a playlist on my channel That's all my Argento reviews. I actually have quite a bit. I think this is like my sixth or seventh Argento review or something like that So check that out Anyway written and directed by Dario Argento, like I said, who's done other things like Suspiria tenebrae phenomena deep red Which at the moment? Well Suspiria is an amazing film, but other than that my favorite film at the moment is deep red So maybe put some comments down there. What are your favorite Argento films and why let's talk about that Like I said, this was a second film after the bird with the crystal plumage and it's the middle film in the animal trilogy, which Doesn't really have that much to do with animals Just like the titles really do I mean the the bird with the crystal plumage has you know has to do with an animal I don't know about four flies on gray velvet, but this one really doesn't have anything to do with animals I don't even think well, there are a few animals that appear in it in the genetics lab, but that's about it Also written by Dardano Siketti, you might know that if you watch my reviews, you might know that name He worked with Luchio Fulci. He's done films such as a Bay of Blood Zombie City of the Living Dead the Beyond the House by the Cemetery and the New York Ripper Also, I have a a playlist on my channel for all the Fulci films. I've done which is like Five at this point. So including the three that I named Actually the four that I named zombie city of the living dead the beyond in the house by the cemetery I have reviews for all those to check that out Anyway, this is this I already talked about that. Sorry Argento cites this film as his least favorite of all the films. He's done which That's weird to me because I thought that inferno is worse than this like I enjoyed this film I thought it was a good film Isn't my favorite Argento film by no means and especially not because especially because this was only his second film This is before he really got into doing even better visuals and partially meaning When you start really experimenting with colors with this lighting He becomes very well known for that much later on and I love that about him with this the way He does lighting lighting is used very well in this film, but it's not like different colors of lighting used in interesting ways It's just lighting done well for film so Yeah, but I like this film. I thought it was good. So the fact that he was like this is my least favorite film I was like, okay phenomena isn't because I feel like this is kind of better than phenomena It's better than inferno It's better than from what I hear mother of tears. I've heard that films not that good Sorry still getting over some sticks in your lungs So production was actually set up around the first 40 pages of the script which Argento and Siketi worked on together Now because it was set up around the first 40 pages They had split it in half and Argento did like the first half and Siketi did the second half So since the whole production was set up off the first 40 pages, which were all written by Argento He sought to get the sole writing credit on it for that reason, which actually caused a lot of problems between he and Siketi I don't know if they ever got that worked out either because because of that if they with they with who Sorry reset if it was one person getting the credit or I think it was kind of like percentage wise So basically with him saying he should get the whole writing credit That was going to affect how much money Siketi was actually gonna get paid for what he wrote which You know, obviously when it affects people's money, they get kind of mad So that created a big issue between the two of those those two guys So getting in the actual film stuff excuse me as Usual the point of view of the killer shots those ones where you're seeing it from the point of view of the killer It's going around doing things Dodging people in this film kind of lurking in the shadows. Those are super super effective as usual I think they do a great job of conveying kind of like malice from the person and just like an overall Tension in the film, which I really like also the use of this in early US slashers is what I kind of feel like Is is what connects giallo and and slasher films in the United States I know a lot of people say that you know the slasher was heavily influenced by giallo now Maybe that is true and I would point to probably you know people seeing a lot of use of the the killer POV in films like black Christmas and Halloween and stuff like that and I feel like maybe that's kind of why people have made that connection saying Oh, it's very much giallo because giallo used that kind of killer POV quite a bit And it's very effective. It's very very effective and it is so in this film as well The close-up shots of eyeballs happen quite a bit in this film and for people who know or have seen enough Argento, he likes to focus in on eyeballs. I don't know if that's a whole like window into the soul type thing But I don't know but there's so many like flashes the eyeballs in this which I feel like it's very Unnecessary in this film. It didn't really have too much of a of a use. I mean, I'm sure there's some sort of Meaning that he was trying to get into it and and obviously The one of the main characters in it is a blind guy Arno So I'm sure it had a little bit to do with that and I think it has to do with kind of Moments of like him seeing things like getting hints of like this is going on This is you know, like feeling things and then there's a little bit of an illusion to the fact that maybe he's He has Premonitions to a degree like he has an extra sense even though he doesn't have Sight to these a little ESP ish So I don't know if it has anything to do with that But lots of close-up shots of eyeballs, which Argento likes to do and as usual Argento chooses to shoot in buildings that look sleek Modern and a bit lavish in my opinion. He's a master of finding good shooting locations This is one of the great things about Dario Argento films for me personally is the locations always look great There's always a lot to look at because the architecture of the buildings that he chooses are usually very interesting The rooms are interestingly laid out and there's a lot of attention to detail with the sets There's a lot of interesting things put in interesting places and the layouts are always cool So kind of like with why I really like Studio Ghibli films specifically Hayao Miyazaki films is he draws and his animated movies to have a lot going on in the background So even if you're not Focusing the entire time on you know the characters interacting you you can just let your eyes wander and just kind of like look around And see very beautiful aesthetics And I feel like that's what Argento does a lot Especially later on with the films and he makes with you know using those different colors of lighting like I'm like I was talking about But the locations are the key thing and the way they they do up their sets Just fun to look at great stuff. It's like you're you're going through an exploration with your eyes And I love I love his aesthetic. I love visually what Argento does love it You could see the push under the train coming a mile away in this film by the way where Dr. Calabrese the the the main genetics guy Gets killed because he's basically trying to blackmail Crap, what was his name in the end the bad guy in the end? I forget his name like he was barely introduced and I don't even think I put his name down to be honest But if I did it'll be at the end But yeah, the main guy who had discovered like those extra like the the layout of people's DNA would indicate if they're more violent criminal so Yeah, so when he got pushed like the way they set that shot up especially with the killer POV He kept like looking this way looking back at the train looking at the guy looking at the train I felt like it went on a little bit too long to the point where People got it well ahead of time that like oh, he's gonna shove them in front of the train So I feel like maybe they should have cut that back a little bit more to make it a little bit more of a surprise You know actually cut it way down and then just make it more of a sudden thing of him getting shoved Plus when he actually gets shoved like the camera focusing on that guy he did a terrible job acting it out He's like oh Like it looked awful. Just go back and watch that and it's it's actually pretty laughable how bad that looked so, you know What's the deal with all the flute music in giallo films? I've kind of noticed and maybe it's just because I just watched This film a few days after I watched full cheese Don't torture a duckling and that had a bunch of flute music in it And then all of a sudden this has flute music in it and then I started thinking and I was like There are a bunch of giallo films that have like flute music. I don't know if it's just Was a trend in giallo music or it was an Italian thing or what but it's just weird It's not that it's bad Sometimes it actually is kind of mismatched with the flute and what's going on because it's more of a delicate instrument But it doesn't sound bad necessarily. It's just Why so much flute like I don't know it just occurred to me. It's weird So the the flashbacks that Arno the blind guy gets make you think that either either he has visions Or he's actually the killer and isn't actually blind. So that was an early theory I kind of had while I was watching which you know when I'm watching giallo films I really like to you know kind of let scenarios play out in my head as I'm watching it and kind of Project the head and guess and that's one of the things I really like about giallo films Is that it keeps you thinking it keeps the gears in your head just turning with what if what if what if And that's why it's so great when they lay out giallo like they did in this one Where they make people look guilty in different ways at different times and then that gets you on a separate path of okay So if this person's guilty, how are they doing this? What's their motive all that type of stuff? So I just really like that And it made me start thinking that because of those like flashes that Arno was getting it was like is he actually blind and this is kind of like a Extra sense that he has or is it a situation where he he's actually the killer and he's faking being blind That was one of my early theories and it ended up not being that obviously Although there were a few times where it looked like maybe that was the case But no, I think he had kind of like an ESP type deal, which is cool Is it appropriate to bring a child along for a murder investigation the Excuse me the girl. I think her name was like Lori. It was a Lori Sorry, I can't remember it was a Lori. I don't know But how Arno was like taking her along when he started this investigation I mean he did kind of right the wrong in the sense of like getting her away But he went through a bunch of it knowing that it was a murder investigation with her right there And I was kind of like just seems a little wrong I like how you they give you pieces of suspicious conversations early on that's a really cool thing it makes you think many people could be involved and the people who you end up hearing those bits of conversation about it just gets you going of like who are they doing something nefarious or They involve with this and then they end up dead and I like that It's well done Everyone is dressed so nicely in this actually makes me think that most Argento films have people quite nicely dressed I don't know if that's just kind of a Argento aesthetic that that's kind of what he likes or if it was more of a sign of the times mainly because this was in the early 70s and I don't know he shot most of his stuff in 70s 80s and a little bit of tuning a Little into the 90s So maybe it was just kind of like a time period thing that it was more common that they were gonna be more dressed up But I just noticed that Argento especially in this film like everyone's nicely dressed, which looks good That's another added thing about the awesome aesthetic to the film But just some I notice I Like the reveal of the titles meaning in this film how it's basically the guy says It's like a cat with nine tails and then are no are no Journalist Giordani and then Arno's like no It's like a cat a nine tails like the the torture weapon that has you know The leather whips coming off and at the end it's a hook And if only we could get one of those hooks to grab in and be our main lead I thought that was kind of cool. So It was good It's a given that as soon as someone says they know who did it They're gonna die. That is what happens in this film Someone verbally says I know who did it or I have a good idea and of course of course They don't actually say it at that time. It's always I know who it is or I have an idea who it is And I'll tell you later, but no they won't tell you later because They get killed they they're dead But I guess, you know You have to kind of do it that way because you can't just have one murder in a giallo film You have to have a series of murders to make it a good giallo film and keep people interested and keep throwing more clues out That's another thing. So I know why they do it, but just seems kind of funny Um as soon as the lady came Came over so this what this ended up being the daughter. I forget her name Apologies once again The daughter I forget her name in this. I don't know that she was very attractive in my opinion As soon as she came over to see Giardani, I had a feeling she would be killed by the poison milk So I first thought she'd be killed by this poison milk But then when she said no to the milk, then it made me think that she was the one who poisoned the milk So that's what's great about giallo. It puts you in the mindset of guessing constantly It's something I kind of talked about already during this review but and then this that comes back later when Giardani says to her oh, I noticed you were holding that milk for quite a while You really like waited for me to slap it out of your hand Which going to the whole point of when he slaps it out of her hand If you notice there they waited just a little bit too long to make the noise of the shattering glass When the glass hits something and it's just it's off.  So check that point out Um And then what was with the insult competition with Gigi the loser like is that a thing do people actually do like insult competitions? Because the way it looked is he won because he was able to say The largest number of insults one after another Then the other person and I was just like so random and is that a thing was that a thing? I don't know if you know put a comment down there because I really want to know about this insult competition Which leads me to gigi the loser Um, I know it's kind of dumb because he was like a small character But gigi the loser was my favorite character in this. He was so interesting. He was so quirky He was a fun guy. He was Trying to have a lot of fun in a very serious situation and I just kind of like that I like the levity that he brought and he was just an interesting dude liked him Um, so speaking of that like when um When gia, donnie and gigi the loser break into the house and they find the safe and Gigi the loser cracks into the safe and they get that diary out when they're kind of leafing through that And reading it. I really really like those kind of like manic Scriblings in there, uh, and how like he just keeps turning in the page and he's reading them aloud And it's just like these quick glimpses into kind of like a messed up mind And it's a very effective way to kind of Suck people into That person's mind and and make it feel like there's more of a danger there than you even thought before and like This is disturbing and demented and it's yeah, it's good. It creates a good amount of unease when it when it's happening Um Does gier donnie feel safe even though his lookout is blind when he's breaking into the coffin First of all, that's a crazy thing that they were like Break into like a mausoleum break into a coffin And then while the guy's breaking into the coffin the the lookout is a blind dude at night Although r-no handles himself just fine because he's got that awesome cane that has a sword at the end that pops out and actually for a while I thought it was interesting that for a while they kind of made it seem like maybe r-no Was the bad guy was the main killer because when he I guess Overpowers the the guy and then comes back in and he still got like the sword or the little daggers sticking out And there's blood on it and he's like walking around I kind of I like that because I was very if he I was like, oh, no is r-no the killer. Is he I just like it Uh, we're when gier donnie's getting kicked around on the rooftop at the end you're like Come on show the killer's face already Yeah, he keeps getting like kicked around by the killer and there's so many opportunities and there's so many like pans over where like you almost see him and it's just like from here down And it's like a quick movement this way or that way and it just gives us so much anticipation Where you're just like come on show who it is show who it is already And I love those types of moments. So that was very effective The killer trying to grab the elevator wires while he was falling down the shaft at the end Very effective scene it was kind of gross You get the idea that he's going through a lot of pain Especially as you see him gripping as it's coming down and there's like they had smoke coming off it That must have really hurt So, um, yeah, I mean I just thought it was good and I think that's a good way to end the film of just like boom He's dead and he went through a lot of pain before he died. He just got his Especially since he you know was messing with the kid um So the researcher having the killer gene was okay That was a fine idea But just because he had the gene didn't mean he would kill or that people wouldn't believe in his research In fact, it might actually give him more credibility. So I actually thought the idea of Making him have the gene was fine. It's just The idea of his motivation for killing dr. Calabrese Just didn't fully add up because he was just like, oh, well, he knew that I had the gene And this was my research and I feel like I didn't want people to know because then I wouldn't have any credibility with it and it's like That doesn't make any sense That doesn't make any sense if anything if you're identifying a terrible gene and then telling people I have that terrible gene. This is how I know It's like the whole thing like the just for hair like the the just for just for men hair thing I know kind of funny that I bring that up. Um, we're just like, I'm just not the I'm not just the president I'm a client. He could do that whole thing. He's like, I didn't just discover this gene. I have it I'm potentially a homicidal maniac, you know, like it would give his research potentially more credit So I just felt like that aspect just didn't really work. It just it didn't So that was a little corny to me, but you know, good idea But it just I don't know. It just doesn't work when you think about it Uh, the music was goodness throughout. I thought it was very well matched for the moments that were going on in it Great work. It's usually like that for Argento films The film was too early for Argento's use of colored lights. Yeah, like I said, but the light was well done but it was actually It was actually not just well done There were a few moments in it where they set up some lighting that made the shots look particularly interesting in my opinion. So very good on that Argento films always just look so good because of how the directing shot composition Character attire and nice architectural surroundings come together Like I was saying much earlier in this review I just love the aesthetics what he puts together in his scenes and how he shoots things. They look awesome So that leads me to doing the overall rating for this. So out of five stars with half stars in play I'm gonna go ahead and give this a four star rating. I think it's a good film I'm I'm kind of disheartened by the fact that Argento thinks that this is one of his least favorite Now, I guess that could have been because like, I don't know Whatever experience he had with the actual production of it or something like maybe he actually likes the movie, but You know, I don't know So giving it a four stars Like I said, I have that playlist for all the other Argento ones I've done This will be going in there as well. So check that out Please do me a quick favor hit that subscribe button And then hit the notification bell so you know when I'm putting stuff up It can help me out a lot That's your way to motivate me and pay me back if you like anything because I'm not making money doing this So give me some encouragement if you've already subscribed hit that like button And yeah, and then let's talk in the comments about this film and other Argento and just horror in general But thanks everyone for checking this out and until next time keep it brutal


Okay. Yeah, let's start. We are anyway late on time. So my name is Vitek Bedek. I work for Fujitsu and will give an update on the Monaska project. Who of you don't know Monaska yet? Okay. So Monaska stands for monitoring as a service. It is designed and implemented to be highly available for tolerant and horizontally scalable. All the components which we use can be easily scaled, clustered. It is high performance. We have deliberately chosen such components as Apache Kafka as a message queue or inflex DB as a time series database to optimize the performance and be able to handle high volume on data. Monaska is multi-tenant meaning we store measurements, alarm definitions, notifications, all what you need for monitoring per project. So you can expose the service to your users and they can organize their monitoring per project. Monaska implements primarily push model for collecting the measurements, which is better suited in the complex cloud environments. It is more for tolerant. It also is flexible. You can change the sampling rate on the agent side depending how fine-tuned metrics you need. The architecture is based on microservices in the central place having the message queue, Kafka message queue being responsible for communication between the components. Here at that layer we have independent specialized components like real-time monitoring engine or aggregation engine. Monaska is not only measurements, but also logging and events. The design again follows the same schema with Kafka message queue in the middle and specialized components for logs and events we use elastic search for storage. Our project is relatively small with three main contributors being Fujitsu, Suze and Stack HPC. We also have several other contributors with smaller contributions. Now for the work we have done in the previous release. We'll start with adding support for Alembic database migrations. Till Rocky release we have managed the database schema in simple SQL scripts. Every time when the schema was changed between the versions, upgrading from one version to another was a painful and error-prone process. Now we have added a single command line tool to automate this. We have documented a clean workflow for developers, what they have to do if they change the schema and operators have a simple automated tool for performing the upgrades. In the last project update I have reported about the effort of contributing the Monaska publisher to the Cilometer project. The idea was that we leverage the work which was done in Cilometer and collect the measurements and then publish them to Monaska. It's particularly important for, for example, building applications like Cloud Kitty service. They need more detail about the instances as the Monaska Libre plug-in is delivering. Unfortunately the effort was, was basically blocked by the Cilometry, by the telemetry team. So we went to plan B and we updated the Monaska plug-in in a separate repository. The next area we worked on is Monaska Transform. It's our aggregation engine. So it consumes the measurements from the Kafka queue, makes the calculations and then generates new measurements, new aggregated metrics back to the system. It can be used to aggregate measurements between different metrics like, for example, calculate CPU usage across all the instances on the node. It can be used to combine different metrics and generate a new one. Like, for example, the number of logical cores and the ideal percentage of each core and calculate the utilization of the CPU or a rate of change of a given metric. For example, how fast the available storage on your system is decreasing. What have we done? We have significantly simplified and cleaned up the specification how these aggregations can be configured. We have improved the documentation and upgraded the middleware used by the component. In the past, installing Monaska was a real pain point and it was really complex and we have spent quite some effort to improve that. In this point I can say we have a number of methods and the situation has improved a lot. As before, Monaska is included in SUSE OpenStack Cloud. You can have it as a ready solution there. With the red color, I have marked the deployment methods we have worked on in the last cycle. Monaska has been added to Kola Ansible. The last reviews matched just last week. Thanks a lot. You can install it in Kola. You can also install it standalone using the same method. We have worked on improving Docker compose deployment in particular. We are moving the Docker file definitions into the upstream repose so we can integrate it more easily in the OpenStack CI. The OpenStack Ansible role for Monaska has been fixed and updated. The complete metrics pipeline is now fully functional and ready to use. Let's come to the current release. The outcome of the planning meeting during the PTG meeting in Denver, we have decided to concentrate in this cycle on extending support for locks and notifications. Locks and notifications are different in nature from metrics. They describe a single event-based phenomenon in the system, whereas metrics provide more aggregated view on some value in the system. These two sorts of information are complementary. You can use the metrics to narrow down the problem and then take a look at locks and notifications to look more closely at the root cause of your problem. In Monaska, we want to follow a goal of providing single pane of glass to be able to have one to view all this information. We also want to correlate different sources of information, only then we will get a complete picture. Also, based on this event-based information, you can generate new metrics describing, for example, system performance, like you can make new measurements about how long the instance takes to spin up, measure the utilization of your system, report about status and errors. What in detail we want to do? First task is related with our repositories. As of now, we have three repositories, one for collecting measurements, defining alarms, notifications, one for collecting locks and one for collecting events. The outcome of this is that the code diverges. We create a technical depth and they even behave differently in some cases. It's not what we want. We decided we will match these three APIs into one to have the same user experience for all these actions and it will also simplify the deployment and operation of the service. In the last cycle, we have worked on implementing the events or notifications pipeline. The state of now is we have the API where you can send the events and they will be persisted in Elasticsearch. The last missing part for a complete pipeline is to collect the OpenStack notifications. Originally, we wanted to leverage Cilometer for this, but recently, I guess September it was, they have deprecated event support in Cilometer. We decided we want to go for a future proof solution and we will add a small component which will collect the notifications from RabbitMQ and republish them to Kafka for use in Monasca. The component will provide some filtering so that the operators will be able to configure which notifications they are interested in and they will extract some relevant data, like for example project ID and similar. As of now, the logs and events API, they provide only a post method so you can only send payloads. For visualization, we use Kibana with a plugin which provides multi-tenancy for Kibana. The task which we want to implement is to add the GET methods to the endpoints so that you will be able to query logs and events in a generic way and you will be able to integrate it in third-party solutions, visualization tools, like for example in Grafana, you could write a data source for logs or events. The API will have some basic filtering on dimensions and will provide statistics about the collected logs and events. Apart from these, we also want to make some maintenance of our middleware. We want to migrate to a new Kafka client. We have done some benchmarking and found out with a new asynchronous communication, we can publish the messages up to 100 times faster and the consumer can be up to six times faster within your library. Cross-project work. Monaska can easily integrate with other projects. I have listed some existing integrations on the left. In general, we can group them into three groups. The first group consumes alerting functionality of Monaska so you can do heat autoscaling. In this cycle, we will update documentation about this. There is some documentation available, but it's spread and we want to update this. In the last cycle, we have extended, we have added authenticated webhook notification. We had webhook before, but we have added this authenticated method. It was a part of the work with Congress. Another group of services consumes the measurements from Monaska. These are CloudKitty or Watcher. Cilometer works the other way around. We collect the measurements from Cilometer, if needed. On the right-hand side, I have listed some possible integrations. Unfortunately, I don't know really why, but it's difficult to find resources for working on such cross-project integrations. We have talked with Vitraj and Watcher and we have described how such integrations should look like. If you would like to contribute to any of these projects, that would be a great opportunity. We want your feedback. Please contact us in any available channels. You can write us in the new OpenStack discuss mailing list. Please don't forget the Monaska tag. You can also use it for filtering in your client. You can ping us in the OpenStack Monaska IRC channel or attend the weekly meeting. How to contribute? We use Storyboard for coordinating our development. We have a Kenben board where you can find some stories in backlogs. If you want, you can pick some of these. Or you can just look at the open reviews or just propose a new story and a new feature and describe it shortly in a story and propose the implementation or just the feature. Of course, you could work on the bug fixes, cross-project integrations, as I said, in stores, documentation. These are all areas where we definitely need help. Last but not least, the next Monaska presentations here in Berlin. We will have an onboarding session in particular for these of you who are interested in contributing to the project. It will start in five minutes. Then we have a hands-on interactive session where you can try out Monaska and play a bit with a common client. Tomorrow is a lightning talk about Monaska in the high-performance computing cloud. That's all for me. Do you have any questions? Go on. What is... I guess the question is, is Monaska from telemetry or telemetry? How different is Monaska from telemetry? Can it fetch the same data as telemetry? Yeah, it can fetch very similar data as telemetry. Well, yes and no. If you really need exactly the same data as telemetry, you can use the Monaska plugin to push everything to Monaska. Telemetry is more concentrated on open-stack infrastructure and the services. If you're interested about monitoring your instances, I think you're fine with Monaska. With Monaska you can monitor your applications running in your project on your instances. You can install the agent on your instances. Any more questions? Yes, the only dependency actually is Keystone. Yes? Pardon? Will you speak more of the difference between Monaska and other monitoring sessions? On-boarding session is... I have the flow for the next presentation, but there is more time and I can definitely go into this as well. You mentioned that you use InfruxDB. Yes. Do you also use other premises that are based as Prometheus? We are not planning to use Prometheus as a back-end. We can scrape Prometheus metrics as an agent plugin. And for the back-end we use InfruxDB, or you can use Apache Cassandra. Anything else? Thank you very much.