Okay, welcome everybody. I hope you can hear me well. So formal welcome, everyone who has joined us here this afternoon in person as well as online for this very important side event called how a gender responsive approach can better equip us to respond to climate change, food and security and migration. Let me briefly introduce myself. My name is Ingrid von Haase. I am the global coordinator of the Germany funded making migration safer women project at UN Women. Today with me I have Mr. Reinhard Hasselflug, counselor for migration affairs at the permanent mission of the federal public of Germany to the office of the United Nations here in Geneva and I have Ms. Eliana Sinciana-Puskas, program officer on migration environment and climate change at IOM. Online we have three excellent speakers who will be discussing the linkages between gender, migration, climate change and food security. They are Ms. Georgia Prati who is a migration and climate change specialist at FAO. We also have Dr. Janna Henebri, professor at the Baselie School of International Affairs Wilfrid Lurie University in Canada and we have Mr. Shakiru Islam, chairperson of the Ovi Bashi Kami Uneyan program which is a grassroots migrants organization in Bangladesh. So today's side event will be in the style of a fireside chat in which I will be guiding a more intimate, more technical discussion among the expert speakers. So the expert speakers will be asked to draw on their own experiences to respond to the questions, sharing their views and insights on how a gender responsive approach can better help us address migration in the context of climate change and food insecurity. As we have limited time I would like to ask the speakers to be brief in their responses and then after the discussion I will turn it over to the audience, both online and in the room for further questions and discussions. But first I'd like to invite Mr. Hassenflug from the permanent mission of Germany to the end here in Geneva to provide opening remarks. Mr. Hassenflug, you've got the floor. Thanks. Thank you very much, Mrs. von Haase. Excellencies, colleagues, ladies and gentlemen, it gives me a great pleasure and honor to say a few words at the beginning of the side event on gender responsive approach to climate change, food insecurity and migration. I would like to thank UN Women and IOM for having taken the initiative and having organized this event on this very important topic. Please allow me now to share with you some opening remarks. In many parts of the world women depend heavier on natural resources than men and bear a greater responsibility to secure water and food for their families. Climate change has thus a particularly hard impact on women in all their diversity. Migration of voluntary and safe can be an empowering opportunity by improving access to resources, trainings and jobs. However, women are often not able to move in anticipation of hazards. They are therefore at greater risk when a disaster strikes, including the risk to be displaced. To ensure that everybody, regardless of origin, gender or identity, can benefit from migration, we need a greater, we need a gender responsive approach. Therefore, Germany is following feminist foreign and development policies to help break down discriminatory power structures, social norms and roles. But what does this mean for climate induced migration? For us, there are three important aspects. First, equal rights for women and girls must be ensured before, during and after migration. This includes having access to land, education and work. Second, gender must always be considered when planning early warning mechanisms, climate risk insurance schemes, evacuation or resettlement. And third, women must be included as equal partners in the formulation of climate and migration policies. That is a call to action for all of us, particularly looking ahead at the upcoming COP 27. To follow this call, Germany will, amongst other activities, continue supporting the platform on disaster displacements, stay engaged through the migration multi-partner trust fund and intensify our cooperation with UN women and other key actors in order to further promote and implement a gender responsive approach to the global challenges of climate change, food insecurity and migration. Thank you very much. And I'm now looking forward to the conversation between our expert speakers and to a fruitful discussion afterwards. Thank you again. Thank you so much, Mr. Reinhardt. Hasenflug, for these powerful words and for the call to action and for highlighting the importance of giving women and girls equal rights during all stages of migration as well as the importance of their meaningful participation in the development and implementation of migration and climate change policies and laws and services. To get us started, I also have some reflections that I would like to share. As Antonio Viterino already highlighted in his opening statement, women and girls very much bear the brunt of climate change. This is because women and girls across the world must find food and water for their families due to deeply entrenched and traditional gender roles and norms. Given that climate change is a major driver of biodiversity loss, women and girls must now travel longer distances, which increases their risks of sexual and gender-based violence and reduces their time for paid work, political participation and simply just rest. Also, two-thirds of the world's farmers and developing world are women, many of whom may be compelled to move elsewhere due to national disasters and changing climates in order to make ends need and in order to provide food for their families. While sex-disaggregated data and gender statistics on people migrating in the context of climate change are scarce, we know that 80% of people displaced by climate change are women, given their limited access to productive resources and formal rights. Also, while climate change-related slow onset events, as well as climate shocks, tend to lead people first to internal displacement, many people also cross borders. However, due to a lack of safe and regular migration pathways in response to the climate crisis, many have no other options but to turn to more unsafe and irregular pathways.  Let us now turn to our expert speakers who are online for a deeper discussion on these issues and also look at solutions. So, I will pose three questions and ask each of the panelists and responding to one of them first. After all of you had a chance to respond, I will then move on to the next question. And without further ado, I would like to ask our first question of today's side event. What are the biggest gender-specific challenges right now for migrants and their families and communities in the context of climate change and food security? Jena, I would like to ask you to please initiate the discussion, after which I'd like to turn to Georgia and then to Shakirul. Jena, you've got the floor. Thank you very much, Inkri, and thank you colleagues for the opportunity to participate today in this cutting-edge, I think, discussion and way in which we're trying to approach it. So, thank you very much for including me. I guess I would start with a rather, maybe it's provocative, maybe it's not, but I want to basically start with a statement that in reality the challenges we're talking about are not really new. They're not entirely specific to climate change and food security. The very same structural inequalities and gender cultural and social economic systems are actually the terrain on which climate change is being borne out. And as noted already, these sort of underlying, deeply rooted inequalities that happen well before migration even occurs are leading to the kind of experiences of migration that are highly gendered and pose particular risks to women in particular, as well as LGBTQI plus migrants with diverse sojis and basically cause heightened risk to personal security as well as experiences of food security, experiences that extend and impact particularly women and LGBTQI plus migrants. But we know that gender impacts all people regardless of their identity, regardless and intertwined with many other differentiating factors, socioeconomic location, disability, age and other factors, alongside whether they live in rural or urban contexts and their geographic realities such as near oceans or deserts and their political realities such as regions with conflict. All of these factors combine together and mean that the challenges are exacerbated in this context. For men and boys, for example, climate change means higher rates of unemployment, difficulty accessing employment, malnutrition, family separation and for those living without resources of poverty, increase of human rights violations, including trafficking for the purposes of forced labor in particular. Also for increased risk of detention and deaths we've seen in the context of the Mediterranean.  We see this among the LGBTQI plus migrants in Ecuador from Venezuela, for example. There's real protection challenges that migrants with diverse soji face, in particular, often not being recognized in terms of their gender identity, having different potential risks and facing more discrimination. Women and girls we know are primarily caregivers often and in these contexts, feeding and bathing families, still doing mostly uncared care work in a long way and also experiencing risk of maternal health risks and increased risk of sexual reproductive health. Generally speaking, we know too that women experience higher rates of violence during conflicts, during crises, including environmental disasters, as we've seen in the context of Ebola, COVID-19 pandemic and other environmental disasters. We've also seen it in the context of migration, obviously, and to say that it comes down to this, climate change, both slow onset and acute crises continue to be important drivers of migration, but we know already migration is gendered and with dwindling options for sustained livelihoods and acute crises and displacement, migration is the only option for survival for many. So the biggest challenge I believe facing migrants at this point in time is access to regular pathways that do not further their insecurity or deepen their gender inequality. Thank you. Thank you so much, Jenna, for this rich intervention and I'd like to call now on Georgia from the FAO to take the floor. Thank you. Thank you, Kerry, and I would also like to thank the organizers for having me today in this very relevant discussion. I'll try to answer your question, giving to it a raw development and food security focus. And as we heard this morning from the FAO's Director General, climate change impacts every aspect of agriculture and post systems affecting the lives and livelihoods of men and women in so many ways and these impacts we know that are not gender neutral. They are in state shaped by the underlying conditions of inequality, different roles and responsibilities, and also by cultural and social norms. As it was said already women are disproportionately affected by the impacts of climate change. And obviously there are different degrees of and types of vulnerabilities also within women and men, social groups depending on age, ethnicity, marital status and other intersecting traits and social identities relevant to a particular context. If we zoom for a moment into gender inequality in food insecurity and nutrition, we notice that compared with men, women are more vulnerable to chronic food and nutrition insecurity as well as to shock induced food insecurity. According to the State of Food and Agriculture report published this year, globally and in every region, the prevalence of food insecurity is higher among women than men. If we disaggregate the number of moderately or severely food insecure people worldwide in 2021, there was a 4% points gender gap between men and women, which has grown of one point from 2020. The impacts of climate change and food security threatened to widen even more inequality and to exacerbate vulnerability. In terms of mobility, there might be various outcomes which include change of migration patterns, forced migration and forced displacement and also mobility considered as the inability to move. If we apply a gender lens onto these scenarios, there are at least two broad considerations that can be made which point to specific challenges. First, as it was mentioned already, higher vulnerability to the impacts of climate change may increase pressure to migrate or lead to forced displacement with a consequent exposure to gender-based violence, exploitation and all the risks faced by migrant women. In addition to this, because of their roles and responsibilities, women's vulnerability to climate change continue also after migration and displacement. Most refugees and IDPs, for example, living in camps, merely depend on firewood for cooking and in situations of resource scarcities, collecting firewood exposes women to life-threatening challenges ranging from sexual violence, health hazards and tensions with the host communities. The second consideration should be made with regards to the women who remain behind in areas vulnerable to the impacts of climate change when men migrate. Migration leads to a distribution of tasks and responsibilities within the household which most often results in increased work burden for women. While this is a typical gender implication of male auto migration, the effects of climate change on natural resources intensify even more domestic and care workload, putting an increased burden. Male auto migration can expose women to new mobility and present new challenges to their ability to adapt to climate change. When women take up agricultural activities, they are faced with numerous barriers with regards to access to inputs, assets, credit and services, including access to climate smart technologies. And these barriers not only limit their opportunities and ability to adapt but also affect their family food security. So women's limited participation in strategic decision making, for example, over natural resources management is a significant limitation and has broader implications for community resilience, especially in context of high male auto migration. And finally, a last point I wanted to make is that there are also some considerations to be made with regards to disaster preparedness and evacuation during disasters. The absence of men, in fact, put women at higher risk in contexts where cultural and social norms may limit women's ability to learn life-saving skills, for example, swim or to evaporate without consent. That's up here. Thank you. Thank you so much, Giorgia, for highlighting these issues in such a powerful way and also for sharing the data on the widening gender gap in terms of food and security, which is only likely to increase as a result of climate change. And now I'd like to ask Shakiru for his response to the question. Thank you. Thank you, respected moderator, expert colleagues, friends. Thank you for inviting me in this important discussion. I just want to share in the beginning of this, you know, my intervention is like, well, we are talking here in this conference a strong super cyclone named Citrang is coming approach to Bangladesh to heat by tonight. So it is, you know, supposed to heat all 13 coastal districts in Bangladesh. So nearly 35 million Bangladeshi population in the coastal districts are under threat at this moment. And apart from that, actually, you know, what I want to share as part of from my experiences in the research, longitudinal research that we are going to do at this moment, we actually heard from the people of the coastal area in July that there is no rain. So they are, you know, feeling, I mean, in the feeling that this year will be will become barren here and there is no scope to to cultivate because of no fresh water, because they depend on the rainwater only. On the other hand, when we went to visit the same places in the end of September, we heard that there was a heavy rain during this period and it has unleaded everything. So that, I mean, the rain actually indicted everything, but it helped them to cultivate, to start, you know, prepare the grounds and, you know, start cultivation of crops. But, you know, these are the realities, actually, and now the cyclone is coming and then everything will be really, you know, inundated because it is like eight feet high. Waves are coming to heat areas tonight. So in this situation, actually, people try to find a new place to live in and try to find new place to find new jobs and, you know, the livelihood opportunities. And in such a context, actually, in Bangladesh, we have both type of trends like internal migration and also international or cross-border migration. If I talk about the internal migration, our experiences and research shows that mainly male members of the family migrate, but again, 10 percent from our previous research, 10 percent women actually take part in seasonal migration with their husbands. But, you know, the women, especially, who take part in the migration, but also who do not take part in the migration, but still live behind in the community to take care of the children. They take a number of challenges, you know, in terms of lack of protection, in terms of lack of food security, in terms of, you know, the adolescence girl, the insecurity of their adolescence girl. So these issues really very common and severe, but, you know, but these issues are really addressed in the policy and the implementation or actions at local level community. But if I talk about the international migration, yes, we have legislation for migration, we have policy, but I will say that the unfair practice in recruitment process is really evident and that's why the women actually face different kinds of difficulties and problems, violation of their rights, sexual exploitation throughout the whole migration cycle. And if I give a particular evidence of a woman who recently returned back with the support of our organization, which is a grassroots migrant organization, and he said that he went to Saudi Arabia with the support of recruitment agencies and he was supposed to work in a house as a domestic worker. And when she actually arrived, she was forced to work in different houses because the employer had a number of relatives, so she actually forced her to work in all the houses and within two or three months, she became sick and then she actually asked the women to send her back to home. But the employer actually sent her back to the recruitment agencies and that was a torture sale for her as she described. She said that she was forced to go to hotel and have, take part in the sex business because the recruiting agencies actually forced them until she was returned, she was sent back home six months. So these all are challenges that the women migrant workers or women particularly in this context, when they are forced, they are compelled to leave their country because there is no livelihood and particularly because there is the critical impact of climate change in the region. So they are facing these kind of challenges, abuse exploitation in the whole cycle, particularly in migration cycle. So I think I can end now and wait for the next questions. Thank you, Shakiru, for sharing these experiences in Bangladesh and also for highlighting the specific challenges of migrant women domestic workers in your country and beyond. Now I'd like to move on to the next question and the question is from your experiences, what does it mean to take a gender responsive approach to the design, development and implementation of policies and programs to address the complex challenges of climate change, food security and migration? What are the challenges and what are the opportunities of taking a gender responsive approach to these issues? And Georgia, I would like to ask you to start us off on this question and then followed by Shakiru and Jenna. Over to you, Georgia. Okay. So rural populations are, we know that they are among the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because of their high dependence on natural resources as it was very stressed out and overall low capacity to adapt and strengthening the resilience of rural people, the forest of utmost importance and that should be done obviously in a gender responsive way. Now gender responsive actions are in fact key to effective adaptation strategies and gender sensitive approaches are needed to ensure that gender equality and women's concern in climate resilient agriculture, for example, are addressed. Strengthening climate resilience in a gender responsive way requires an integrated approach and policies and programs need to simultaneously address structural issues such as improving access to lontaneous and other natural and productive assets as well as integrate women farmers into agri-food value chains and relevant decision making processes. And this can be achieved by making agricultural systems, for example, responsive to socioeconomic and gender issues. And to give some examples of how climate smart agricultural development can be made gender responsive, it is important for instance to conduct gender sensitive vulnerability and capacity assessments at the design phase to ensure that programs and policies address differentiated needs and capitalize on women's capacities. It is important to take measures to improve the productivity and reduce the time and work gardens of women's small-scale farmers. These entails, among other things, improving access to productive resources which contributes to reduce women's exposure and sensitivity to climate shocks, making climate information systems accessible timely and user-friendly for both women and men and promoting positive social attitudes and practices about women's roles in agriculture and women's uptake of climate smart technologies. Public and private financial situations should be made also more gender equitable. For example, consider women's limited collateral and increase the level of credit for women farmers. It's important to promote opportunities for women to participate in all segments of the value chain. So the assessment of agricultural value chains should also take a gender responsive approach to ensure that opportunities are provided to men and women and that entry points are identified to strengthen women's capacity to move, for example, from production to other segments of the value chain. And it is obviously key to ensure women's participation in planning policies and budget processes and these cuts across all sectors, I would say. And the second point of reflection is that take gender responsive approaches in climate, agriculture and migration policies and programs should always strive at addressing the structural constraints to gender equality. As I generally said before, I mean, this is not new and inequality is a major underlying factor of vulnerability to climate change and gender inequality affect women's adaptation options, too. So climate adaptation policies and programs, including those agriculture related, have over focused on what will be called specific adaptation measures, meaning technical solutions to manage specific climate risks, which could be developing specific technologies, for example. There is however the needs to bring back the development dimension of climate adaptation and address at the same time the underlying socio-economic and cultural factors that generate vulnerability and limit the capacity in the first place. The risk is otherwise to reinforce inequality and further marginalize vulnerable social groups, including women. So gender responsive and inclusive climate action should steer towards transformative adaptation, which aims at designing and implementing adaptation policies and programs that really bring transformational change and do challenge inequality. Thank you so much, Georgia. And I think it was very important that you underscore the importance for transformative adaptation strategies that take into consideration the different needs and situations of women and girls in response to climate change and food insecurity. And now I'd like to hand over the floor to Shakuru, please, and then to Jenna. Thanks. Thank you very much. I think it's really important to talk about the gender responsive approaches to address the crisis difficulties in line with climate change, food security, and migration. Being a migrant organization, we have a number of interventions actually from from the beginning of our organization. So if I give our experiences as a reference, how we actually address gender in our interventions, then I think it can help you to understand. Because we really believe that the women, particularly from the perspective of gender, their special vulnerability, that we really need to consider when we design or develop any kind of interventions. For example, if we design intervention for the women migration, then definitely we need to consider what kind of, I mean, we need to consider the pre-decision orientation. And in the pre-decision orientation, which is we usually contact at community level to provide all kind of information, the leaks and vulnerabilities of women in the whole migration cycle, and also the opportunities for them so that they can take informed decision for migration, depending on consideration of the leaks and vulnerabilities they might face, or the opportunities that that there are exist. On the other hand, you know, very often we provide, I mean, from different perspectives that we actually offer some kind of the skills that they do not really need. But no, from our organization, we always think what kind of needs of the women are, and what are the resources and local opportunities that they can use. So we actually consider this kind of thing when we prepare the skills training for them. Because, you know, if we need a training, for example, to become an entertainer, but we actually provide, you know, provide them some kind of other training and we did no use of, then there is really, that is really a problem for the women. So it's really important to consider their need and also the local opportunities so that the women actually can use the skills training as the light for them. On the other hand, you know, we have pre-departure training, which is actually for those who are at the stage of departure, so Bangladesh government actually organize pre-departure training for both men and women, which is mandatory. But in the pre-departure training, what kind of information they really need to make their migration success. So that is really important to consider rather than, you know, giving all the information to them when they are waiting for departure. So that kind of context, situations and the need of the women really need to be considered if we think about, you know, gender-responsive, you know, program for women migrant workers. For the other hand, you know, the women who are left behind, we really need to understand their needs and context.  For example, I say many, many female women, the many female spouses of the migrant workers, you know, they stay alone and there is no much support for them. So what kind of protection they actually need, we need to consider if we really want to ensure the security and protection for them. We really need to consider the education or information they need. For example, from us, from OCAP, we organized spouse group orientation. We call it a spouse group orientation. This is basically for the female spouses of the migrant workers so that they understand the whole migration context. They have knowledge on rights. They have knowledge of the protection mechanism, which is which are available at the local level. We also provide them orientation on the uses of the remittances and also how to maintain good health, particularly sexual and reproductive health. And you know, one of the female spouses was saying, you know, when I went to visit them after two years of the project about the impact she was saying that after the training, she didn't need to go to the doctor with her child or also for her. So it was really impressive that yes, the women really need the interventions that really make sense for them. So that we really think about. On the other hand, it is also important to create agency and empowerment among the women so that they have some sort of capacity to resist them while all kind of challenges they encounter for and they have enough ability to go to the mechanism to get redressed to file complaints. And that's why it's also need unity among the community people particularly the spouses, female spouses. And and and also it is important to link them with the services, the local services provided by the local government because it's really important that there are many services at local level, but the women may not avoid of these or they have lack of access because of, you know, many issues. For example, political influence, for example, they have no no no ability to to to fight for that like something. So so so that's all our real challenges that the women actually face in the context of migration, in the context of climate change and finding livelihoods or, you know, you know, to to live on, actually. And these are very small and very less. It seems to be very small or very less, but I think these issues really need to consider at all levels from international to local. And we should have a very comprehensive policy, coherence policy, integrating all the challenges that the women face on ground. So so thanks, thanks all. That's from my end at this moment. Thank you, Shakiru. And also for highlighting the importance of gender responsive pre departure trainings. And I think what you pointed out about the spouse orientations, I think that's very innovative and something I think that can be considered to be replicated elsewhere so that everybody knows for those who stay behind, you know, what are some of the you know, their rights and responsibilities and how to access services such as health services, as you pointed out. And now I'm turning over to Jenna. Thanks so much, Nkri. You know, I'd like to highlight, you know, while on the one hand, we realize that these are longstanding gender inequalities and structural realities. We have a lot of, I think we have a wider scope. We have climate change and environmental degradation affecting more and more communities globally. And we still have responses to those challenges happening in very localized and kind of ad hoc ways, I find, certainly not integrated, as mentioned by my colleague, and certainly not going multi-scaler from local to global in terms of response. You know, we see the situation of, you know, women in Peru, for example, in rural areas of Peru, facing massive challenges in terms of securing food and water because of temperature fluctuations that are so extreme that it means that they're now having to go through logging areas and all the way, you know, really far distances to be able to secure food and water. And that does require a localized response. And what I think ends up happening is there ends up this being this tension that the localized responses end up being the stopgap measures that they kind of immediate one-off things we need to do to address something that's acute or something that's a very localized problem. And I think integrating those together and having a broader look at what are all the factors that are leading to this context in the first place and trying to address those root causes, I think, are still being left by the wayside. And to be truly gender responsive, I think we need to be doing that. I mean, we see some exceptional initiatives happening, such as the women-led fog harvesting in Morocco, which I think is fascinating. And I think a really interesting example of how a technological solution can be used to actually address a situation in a very localized context where we're facing difficulty in accessing potable water. And I think in this, in those contexts, you can come up with or you've seen some, I think there's exceptional examples out there and some really great options to think about in terms of trying to address particular kinds of problems and situations in a gender responsive way. But I think what's missing is a broader approach that is one to run around governance, where we're thinking about a system that enables hearing the voices of women in our decision making about what needs to be done. It involves consultation with organizations that work with women, with gender diverse populations, to really try to understand what are the challenges, what are the ways that they would like to solve those challenges. And if migration is one of them, then how can we facilitate that, for example? But maybe it's not, maybe it's about coming up with a way to have potable water in their community. But I think it's about integrating an approach that absolutely foregrounds the perspective of migrants or of individuals in communities themselves where the issues are taking place. And I think that must happen early on. I think we need more gender disaggregated data on the experiences of climate change and of the experiences of those things that we, from a migrant migration perspective, would call drivers, right? And we also need more data on gendered experiences of migration in the context of climate change. So if moving because of flood or disaster, what are the gendered experiences along the way as people try to access protection and security in that process? We know something and we know a lot more about the experiences, the gendered experiences of migration in the context of conflict, for example, than we do about that in terms of the context of climate change. And I think the other thing is that those that are experiencing acute and sort of moments of disaster or crisis, there's a very different set of experiences. And I think a set of realities and challenges, then those are experiencing slow onset. And so I think trying to understand the gendered ways and unpack that in that same detail level is vital. And so there we just say research and evidence, we need more of that to help us find solutions. I think we need to have gender-based evaluation of policies and programs aimed at addressing climate change. And not all of these have to be those that are actually specifically focused on women or those that are even about migration per se, but they could be things like thinking about when a government or a country decides to implement a given policy on carbon, for example. What impact does that have in terms of a gendered impact? Really thinking about how gender will actually play a role in all aspects of climate change related policy. And then thinking about the way policies are linked, right? Climate change policy on itself or policy directed around environment is still relatively nascent and it's still only one domain. And we know that it's cross cutting, right? That it impacts policy on labor and that the policies on labor, on migration, on climate, on development do need to be in conversation and so not stuck in policy silos. In terms of thinking about gender responsiveness more broadly, how important it is to do those things I've mentioned, but also to do things like gender-based budgeting, thinking about how much funding we're spending and where we're spending and is it having even or equal rather outputs in terms of impacts on women and men? Is it actually furthering? And this is the important part, to not lose track and to have our eye on the ball. The eye on the ball is not to just respond to whatever current crisis is happening. Yes, that's important, especially from a humanitarian perspective and a protection perspective, but really the eye on the ball is gender appalled. The eye on the ball is how do we respond in such a way that we're not back here again in two years, five years, ten years? How do we respond in such a way that it's transformative towards actually rethinking things? So we're not just saying, oh great, we're going to find you a regular pathway so you can go and become a domestic care worker and face precarious employment as a woman. That's your pathway, knock yourself out. That is not about trying to actually re-think our responses so that we don't perpetuate gender inequality going forward in our responses. Thanks, I'll end there. Thank you very much, Dana. It's important that you underscore the need for more participatory inclusive approaches to developing solutions and also for the importance of cross-cutting policies across these different sectors and when there are policies we need budgets, so we need gender-based budgeting in order to ensure that these are resourced. Thank you very much. So let's move on to our final question. I'd like to speak, please respond in a very brief manner, just two minutes because we are running a little bit behind our schedule. So the last question is, thinking about these issues that we discussed, can you share with us your top three actions for policy makers and practitioners to address these issues from a gender perspective, including any actions targeted towards the LGBTIQ plus migrant community? Shakiru, we're looking forward to learning from you and your experiences in Bangladesh and then we'll ask Jenna and Fani Georgia to take their turns on this question. Shakiru, over to you. Thank you. Yes, I'll be very brief actually. I think we really think from two levels. One is local level and also the national level. From local level I will say that it's really important to think about the community-led interventions and it should be to create awareness among the people, both men and women, because when we consider the migration, particularly women migration, this is a taboo issue in many parts of the country because of the patriarchy and that's why the women actually face stigma and discrimination because of the migration experiences and there is no unity. There is lack of empowerment among the women. So I really believe that if there is a community-led interventions, including awareness-raising activities, enhancing capacity and leadership among the women, that can really create some kind of positive impacts at community level to increase respect to the women throughout the in different cycles actually, cycle of migration or if they want to stay back home. For example, if we talk about female spouses of the migrants, if they are organized, they know how to ensure their rights, how to access to the government entitlements and facilities and they are united. That is very easy for them to go and access. On the other hand, I think it is also important to have some interventions for livelihoods, which is actually to enhance the economic empowerment of the women because this is really important in the context of Bangladesh, like countries, because if the women have economic empowerment, then they can actually overcome many challenges, many struggles, their face. That is an important thing. We really need to consider what kind of livelihoods they can start from their own community. Sometimes we actually provide training. For example, if it is women, then we provide tailoring training. Tailoring training is not something that only the women should receive. We really need to consider the local opportunities and context that I have already mentioned to design the livelihood options for the women and for their economic empowerment. Third one is strengthening local government actually, because local government can increase budget for inclusion, women-friendly, social safety net programs at local level. That would be really great if the local government units take this kind of initiative. It is really important to enhance their strength in this regard. They can also ensure a local redressal system and improve the local redressal system so that the women can file complaints and get access to the justice at local level instead of going to the courts and some other places. It is also important to have a comprehensive protection mechanism in place, particularly in the local government level so that it really ensures protection and safe women and the girls from insecurity in different aspects like sexual abuse and exploitation and so on. It is really important to improve strength in the local government and also increase the budget for them. Apart from that at national level, I must say that what Ms. Jena already mentioned that there are different policies and legislations in place at this moment. For example, we have Migration Act 2013. We have Migration Policy. We have Disaster Dispensement Policy and Strategy. So there are so many, but it really needs to have a cohesion among all these policies and we have to ensure the gender dimensions, the gender needs are really addressed in a way so that the women have really access to them and it really creates chains among the women. So that's all from my side. Thank you. Thank you for highlighting these local as well as national level interventions and actions that are critical. I'd like to now go to Jena and again if you can answer within two minutes, that would be fantastic. Thank you. Thanks, thank you. I'll try my best. So, you know, just to echo a little bit what Shekharals said, you know, I think we need to be thinking about things such as access to justice, access to education, skills, employment in countries of origin, transit and destination from a migration perspective. Because those things are all important to addressing barriers that would be there for women and LGBTQ plus to mitigate and climate change impacts and to be resilient. I think the second thing I think is vital to do is to consult women and LGBTQ migrants or individuals prior to migration, during migration to identify problems. What are their issues? What are their primary concerns? What are the short-term and long-term ideas that they have for mitigating the situations that they're in and to involve them in design, implementation and evaluation of policy responses along the way throughout all stages of the policy cycle? Finally, I'd say we need to be aligning responses with existing frameworks. I mean, most countries are signatories to set off a convention on the immigration and involvement towards discrimination against women. It is vital that our responses do not deviate away from that. It is vital that responses to climate change don't lead to human rights abuses or challenging or things that actually put those kinds of international frameworks into question or contrary to them. We have to ensure that our responses are actually calibrated around our long-term sustainable development goals. Goal five and really thinking about gender equality should be the way in which we try to calibrate all our responses. So always asking that question, how will this response have an impact or how will this policy impact gender equality? Does it actually further it or does it further entrench it? And I think always asking those questions along the way is vital. Thanks. Thank you, Jenna, for this record and answering the question. And now, Georgia, two minutes for you to answer the final question. And then I'd like to open the floor for one very brief round of questions. Thank you. Thank you. I will be brief, especially as my colleagues already covered most of the points that I wanted to raise. But yeah, I mean, just to reiterate the importance to strengthening knowledge on the gender aspects of the climate, migration, food security, nexus, that's key to inform policy making and ensure that policies and programs do effectively respond to differentiated needs and capacities. And also that they do not unintentionally exacerbate inequality by disregarding these issues. And in doing so, I wanted to stress that it's very important to analyze gender through the lens of intersectionality again. So not to limit the gender analysis to binary interpretations of men versus women, but really to look at the full spectrum of vulnerabilities related also to age, ethnicity, race, et cetera. So there is a need to promote systematic data disaggregation and that should be done, should be applied to all disciplines, because only by doing that we can gain a good understanding and really unpack these complex relationships. I wanted also to strengthen, I mean, to reiterate the point about the importance of strengthening multi-settler and also multi-scale coordination and coherence to promote the gender responsive and integrated approaches. As we have seen, these processes are so interrelated that silo approaches simply do not work. And gender cuts across all dimensions of migration to security and climate change. So it is very important to foster dialogue and to promote cross-learning also across these sectors as they all have specific insights into gender which can help develop holistic approaches. It's important to strengthen the capacity, obviously, of national and local actors to close the gender gap. And thanks for highlighting the gained importance of paying attention to local actors. And climate services and national extension services, for example, need to be sensitized even more on gender differential needs and approaches to make climate smart technologies more accessible to women. Rural advisory services will need to become more responsive to gender issues. And this has to be done from global to regional and local level. We should assess the trade-offs of climate change adaptation and mitigation policies and programs. Climate change adaptation is not inherently positive. We already know that there is evidence of that. And that does not benefit everyone equally. There is the risk to increase inequality and marginalization to climate change adaptation and mitigation policies that disregard these differential needs. And yes, again, as Geno stressed out, the importance of having gender responsive climate and agricultural budgeting. And finally, I conclude by saying that we should not forget to raise and promote women's participation in decision-making at all levels. Have their voices heard and capitalize on women's capacities as women already make a tremendous contribution to strengthening the resilience of the families and communities. And we need to raise and we have been saying this for a while. We need to raise women's voices in global climate negotiations such as the Conference of Parties, which is about to start in a few weeks. Thank you. Thank you so much, Georgia. And also, and just, you know, underscoring, you know, the importance of an intersectional approach to finding solutions to these pressing issues, the importance of intersectional policies, and the importance of raising the capacity of various stakeholders, and also empowering women and girls to participate meaningfully in all responses. And so we are almost running out of time, but if there is a question in the room, please let me know. And I'd like to then hand over the floor to anybody who would like to answer or ask a question. I see Australia has a question. Please, Australia, take the floor. And then I would ask the panelists to respond within 30 seconds. So this is a super, super quick answering Q&A session for this event. Australia, you've got the floor. Thank you very much. And thank you to the panel for a really interesting discussion. I think it's very timely and wonderful that we can discuss these issues in this forum. Georgia, something that you said that I found really interesting was the potential over focus on specific adaptation measures, so things like technical measures, and perhaps we need to focus on things a little broader, like underlying socioeconomic factors when we're thinking about the notion of climate adaptation. I was wondering if you might have seen any examples of this or have any ideas of how we could do this. Of course, no problem if not. Maybe that's the message that we take home that we all have a lot more thinking to do on this. But thank you for that very important point. I thought that was very interesting. Thank you. Roger, would you like to respond? Yes, I'll try to be brief. Thanks for the question. Yes, the issue is that, especially at the beginning, and because of the need to differentiate programs and policies on the focus on climate change adaptation from those focus on development, there was this tendency to over focus on technical solutions, most of the times top-down solutions that disregard them. In fact, all the structural issues that generate inequality and vulnerability in the first place that we discussed today. So, for example, the development of climate smart technologies per se doesn't lead into an increased uptake of climate smart adaptive technologies, at least not equally between men and women, because there might be issues related, for example, social norms that impede women to access such technologies or inequality in terms of access to credits, or even inequality in terms of education and access to information. So, this is just to give a very brief example of how a mismatch between specific and generic adaptation and adaptive capacity is a risk to really reinforcing equality rather than help addressing the structural causes of vulnerability. So, what I was trying to say before is that we need to bring back the development dimension into climate change adaptation and mitigation. Thank you, Roger, for this additional clarification and information. I think that was probably very helpful and Australia's nodding, so thank you so much. And now, without further ado, I'd like to hand over to Sinziana from IOM to provide closing remarks. Sinzanya, they have the floor. Thank you. Thank you so much, and thank you for the excellent discussion. I think we all learned a lot today, and we have had fantastic panelists and fantastic organizers, and I just want to start by thanking you and women and the Prime Minister of Germany and the women in migration network who together with IOM put together this fantastic discussion. When we look at the links between climate change, human mobility, and women, I think there's something very striking to say, and I think our panelists brought the right examples on all these issues. I'll try to summarize some of the key messages that we heard today, and I think perhaps the most shocking one is the unequal participation in decision-making processes of women, and this is something that we have to work a lot more today. We have to make sure that women fully contribute to the climate-related planning, to disaster preparedness, to disaster prevention, but also policy-making and implementation, and this doesn't mean just consulting women, it just means including women on decision-making processes. We've also heard that women tend to hold less negotiating power and control over natural resources than men. This impacts back into the lack of access to decision-making and consistently puts them into more vulnerable situations in the face of disasters. We've also heard that women and girls are more likely to die in the extreme weather events that lead to disasters compared to men and boys, and when they survive, women tend to struggle more through recovery efforts. This is very concerning when we think that often women are forced to work harder to secure the resources, and we've heard the issues related to land, the issues related to water, and they have to work further for these resources. It's the same for fuel and in the current context, we have to think about the energy contributions as well. We've also heard that disaster scenarios can create very strong conditions for gender-based violence, and this is particularly of concerns for women, and this is also linked to the trafficking discussion and the trafficking points made by our colleague from Bangladesh as well, and the protection questions that we have in the situations of disasters for women and girls. We've also heard that disasters tend to result in increased role to urban migration among men in some countries, and this means some women are left behind with additional household burdens. They need to obtain remunerated work, they need to be in charge of the land, they need to be in charge of the household, they need to be in charge of raising the children. All this put on the shoulders of women in the situations of disasters. We've also heard that women and girls can be more dependent on natural resources and climate-sensitive work to sustain livelihoods, and if we lose these climate-sensitive livelihoods, women and girls' ability to safely secure resources for their families and their households can diminish. Finally, we've heard that women's capacity to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change and environmental degradation can also be more limited. We know that women wait longer to migrate because of the higher social costs and risks and burdens put on them. These include social structures but also cultural practices, lack of education, and the reproductive roles in society for women. While these considerations are very bleak and make us ask a lot of hard questions, we've also heard great solutions that are partners, that member states, that civil society, that the UN are putting in place, and I think we've heard nine, six priorities, three priorities from each, but I think I counted in total like 15, so I think we don't lack solutions. I think we really lack our capacity to implement and to move into action. And I'll try to summarize some of the ideas that we were put forward. We need to place women's leadership at the center of our collective action. We need to make sure that women and girls are recognized as right holders and active forces of change regarding climate action, and we need to make sure that disaster risk reduction agenda accounts for the enormous impact of disasters on women. We have heard a very strong call for desegregated data by age, sex, and gender. We need to make sure that we have this incorporated into comprehensive analysis and comprehensive risk management. We've also heard the need for secure financial resources to make sure that these are put into the hands of women and women led organizations. And finally, we've heard the need for coordination, multilateral coordination, bilateral coordination, and just in general more collaboration among all stakeholders. With this, I want to finish. I'm not sure I did extreme justice to our panel, but thank you so much again. Thank you so much, Susyana, for this excellent summary and closing remarks. Thank you very much, everybody, for participating in today's side event. Thank you so much for the excellent speakers, for their rich discussions, and also for the solution-orientated approaches that they shared with us today. Thank you.


Okay, our next meniscal focus is what I call the lateral meniscus rule. Now, in order to illustrate what I mean by that, I have to go back to my rudimentary drawing skills and I'm interested in discussing the anterolateral meniscus rule, which means there's a post-orolateral meniscus rule. But that's not the subject today. It's the anterolateral rule. So we've got a very busy party going on anteriorly. We have, as previously mentioned in some of our discussions, the transverse meniscal ligament of Winslow, which by the way is not present in every individual, but in most it is. The degree to which the transverse meniscal ligament extends along the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus varies, but it has a much more complex attachment. It has a slightly interdigitated attachment along with tissue that is made of capsule and synovium. And in order to illustrate that, I have to make a much thinner line, and I'll do that right now. So you're going to have quite a bit of interdigitation between the fascicles of the ligament and the capsule and the synovium, which I have drawn in green. So if you're looking at a normal meniscus, and let's do that, let's redraw our meniscus in cross-section as if it's a sagittal view. So this is our sagittal view, and it's a little thinner this time because I didn't have time to thicken up the line. Let me try it with a thin line. So there's your anterolateral meniscus. And usually the anterolateral meniscus is not straight up and down. It's sloped. Sometimes it's even sloped this much. I'll take out my eraser. Oops, didn't want to do that. Here's my eraser. So it'll often look a little bit like this. Then you have the transverse meniscal ligament of Winslow, which is going to sit right here. It should be in blue. Let's make it blue. And then you're going to have areas of interdigitation, which I will draw in green. I'll make them a little thicker now so that they're more easily seen. You have these little areas of interdigitation. Sometimes you have one dominant one. Sometimes you have a lot of little ones. You will also have some interdigitation that comes down from the top, especially as you get close to the root attachment. So if you have capsulocenivitis or capsulitis, these green areas of interdigitation will become more conspicuous, a little thicker, and they'll swell. And if they're pretty deep, let's say this one was really deep, you could easily go down the drain and call it a cleavage tear. So what's a mother to do? You've got interdigitation. You've got the transverse menisco ligament of Winslow. And to make matters even worse, you also have the largest menisco synovial recess of the knee, the enterolateral recess, which comes out like this. So if you have an effusion, very common for the effusion to hang right there. So now another structure has been lobbed into this inflamed knee, maybe some chondromylation in the neighborhood. So here is an important lateral meniscus rule. If you are imaging in the sagittal projection and you are unsure whether you have a tear or whether you're looking at inflamed areas of synovial attachment and ligamentous interdigitation, almost never will the tear sit here at the root and not propagate to the body horn junction. So if after the second slice, that signal suddenly and abruptly goes away, it's either not a tear or it's not a tear worth dealing with. We're not talking about the root coming detached and the meniscus floating away and the meniscus twisting. Talk about it's in its normal position and you see either one or more signals close to the midline. Rule number two, the lateral meniscus is a most favored nation meniscus for meniscal pseudosists of meniscal origin. More common lateral than medial. More often painful lateral than medial. More often smaller lateral than medial. More often anterior lateral than medial. So this is a good spot to get a perimeniscal pseudosist of meniscal origin. What's not good is the tail. The tail is going under the meniscus. That's a meniscus synovial recess or if it's under pressure and there's no fluid in the joint, it could be a ganglion. Whereas a true meniscal pseudosist of meniscal origin comes right out of the dead center of the meniscus. So it'll look something like this. It'll bisect it. I'll do it in pink. So a true meniscus pseudosist comes right out, we'll overlay it right there. That is what a meniscal pseudosist of meniscal origin should do. The tail should go right down the middle. Now should it come out the other side? It would be nice if it did but they don't know. They can be true intrameniscal tears and just blow out the peripheral capsular surface. How do you know? Well because it goes in at least half the depth of the meniscus. It's a white line that communicates clearly with the thermometer bulb of the pseudosist and it's right in the center. How did it get there? Usually there's an area of weakening so that there is diffusion along the radial bundles of the meniscus all the way out from the inner third to the outer third even though you might not see the inner third component. How do you deal with these? Ones that are intrameniscal you may have to go from the outside, take it out and then sew. The ones that communicate, you go from the inside and sew them shut and you leave the outside pseudosist alone and it usually dries up on its own unless it's inordinately large. But the take home message, the anterolateral rules are, lots of interdigitation along the anterolateral deep horn and root, both ligamentous and synovial interdigitation. Unless it's on the third, fourth, fifth, sagittal slice it's not going to be a cleavage tear and fluid containing areas anterior to the lateral meniscus are not of meniscal origin unless they come right down the middle of the meniscus.


Tel Aviv terror attack while the manhunt after the assailant or assailants of the deadly Jordan Valley attack still in the way 35 year old Italian tourist Alessandro Perini was murdered and seven other tourists injured when a Palestinian terrorist Trammed his car on the Tel Aviv beachfront Friday night Perini was the third person murdered on Friday alone earlier in the day to Israeli sisters Were killed in a shooting attack near the village of Hamra in the Jordan Valley Their mother still in hospital fighting for her life all of this coming on the back of 72 hours of heavy Barrages of rockets fired at Israel from the Gaza Strip and from Lebanon Israeli Defense Minister Yav Garland instructing this hour the reinforcement of IDF forces in the central district command of police and Extended the general closure on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip until the end of the holiday of Passover Later on this week this ahead of a security cabinet meeting tomorrow morning also this evening the 14th week of protests against the Israeli government Spending judicial overhaul you're seeing no live images on the screen from the main rally in Tel Aviv police urging protesters Not to block any roads due to the security escalation. We will be taking you live there later on in the broadcast But before we begin to unpack it all here's a recap of these turbulent somber Days of the holiday of Passover It's been an extraordinarily bloody week in Israel and the West Bank culminating in a deadly terrorist attack in Tel Aviv Friday night on the popular beachfront a Palestinian man rammed his car into a group of tourists killing 35-year-old Italian citizen Alessandro Parini and injuring seven other victims We were right across the street Yeah, right across the street, maybe a hundred meters over What did you see how do what our we heard we had gone fire We saw shots and then we saw people sprinting across the street And then we heard sirens and we decided it was time to get out of here Yeah, this is a tragedy which we share together with Israel and the solidarity and Feelings of sorrow that we received in those hours. They are outstanding the attacker an Arab Israeli from the village of Kfar Qassem was neutralized at the scene Earlier the same day in the West Bank Two sisters aged 16 and 20 with dual British Israeli citizenship were killed in a separate shooting attack Their mother was seriously wounded and was still in hospital by Saturday evening Friday's attacks took place after escalating violence on the ground between Palestinians and Israeli police Who raided Jerusalem's al-Aqsa mosque earlier in the week? Sparking a response from the Palestinian group Hamas firing rockets from the Gaza Strip and Subsequently from southern Lebanon into Israel The IDF responded with military airstrikes Following the rise in attacks Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu ordered border police reserve units to be drafted on Sunday morning It is only a matter of time and not much time that we will hold them accountable as we did with all the murderers Without exception in the last months attacks by Palestinians have killed 18 people since the beginning of the year For months Israel has conducted near nightly raids in the West Bank as part of counter-terrorism operations Killing and injuring dozens of Palestinians In this evening the Yadda Sankaram hospital in Jerusalem updating that doctors are still Fighting for their life of the mother who was critically injured in the Jordan Valley attack where her two daughters Were killed short moments ago also an update from a professor Ronny Gamzou The head of the Igelov Medical Center here in Tel Aviv under status of several injured in the terror attack and speaking this hour alongside Israeli Foreign Minister Ali Cohen. Let's take a quick listen From the event three of them went to surgeries Most of that was focused on orthopedic surgeries in order to treat the fractures Complex fractures that were involved all of them are in a good condition now all of them now are recovering Gradually there are most in the orthopedic department, and then they will go through Rehabilitation in the next few days on behalf of the government and the people of Israel I send our deepest condolences to the family and friends of Alen Sandro Parini the Italian citizen who was murdering yesterday's terror attack in Tel Aviv and To the government and the people of Italy Murderous terrorism is the enemy of us all. I also send our wishes for a speedy recovery to the injuries and Joining us now in studio. Mr. Bandro Yamini senior journalist at the idea to go on a daily and major general in the reserves Mr. It and dangot former military secretary secretary rather to three ministers of defense and former coordinator of government activities in The Palestinian territories. Thank you gentlemen very much for joining us on this packed evening Let's put it that way and major general dangota. I do want to begin with you We've just been reporting on the Israeli defense minister. You have gallant reinforcing Police forces with IDF forces. How how unusual is that? It's something that I'm not surprising because it has been done already in the past when you are coming to a stage that you have to a head or to increase the deployment of security Police and military people and they're the command of the police because the military service is not responsible for what's going Interior in Israel you need in what's happening now in Israel a lot of a Security forces which will be deployed and will bring two things first self-confidence to the civilian people on their regular life And I think the state is calling to people to Continue in their normal life as they can do more Secondly as more as security people are deployed in the streets in areas that are sensitive It can bring reaction under terror tech immediately in seconds while it's a golden seconds that you need to stop the terror attack and to Arrest or to kill in such a paid dose. We're trying to kill the others So it's something that has been done I think in calculation it came to a conclusion that we need more forces in the central part of Israel So it's coming also to the part of the army to send soldiers to add and to strengthen the police Presentation also tonight. There are also demonstrations. It's a lot of people So you need to increase it But everything is under the umbrella of the multi arena terror clash that we have around us And as such as more battalions are coming to the West Bank as one part Secondly, it's the rusellum which many for police professional units are there The third is internally in Israel what we discussed right now You have the deployment towards the Lebanon border. The fifth one is towards the Gaza So it's sharing and I can tell you that the police and that the security forces IDF internal security and the police are well prepared for the Continuating but it's not easy. It's something that will take at least one and a half months from now Multi-level threats that all necessitates obviously a different type of reaction and will impact it further right after the break But before we do take a break. I'm mr. Ben drawer. Yamini. We've just heard the port of the international condemnation Do you identify any deviation from the quote-unquote standard pattern here due to the identity of the victims? Yeah, probably because it's an Italian citizen. So West countries Commenting reacting condemning of course But we do have to remember that many of them do not like the current government in Israel. Yeah, we have to remember it. I mean It will not be nice to say well Maybe it's better that it was a foreign citizen. No, it's not better I mean because we don't want anybody of course to be killed and in this place by the way Which is just next to my house Three minutes away. I'm walking almost every day. I mean my daily walk and and so many Arabs are walking in the very same place that just Yesterday Italian guy was kid. Let's remember it. I mean so so yeah, the civilian lives here are profoundly intertwined Living together side by side. Literally. We're taking a short break, but we continue to unpack it all right after two minutes and we're back Organism that pulsates through millennia Touch it listen to it smell it taste it Experience the holy land like never before Holy land uncovered every Sunday only on I-24 news Imagine being able to see into the future What innovations will change the world as we know it and join us as we meet the people changing our planet and Discover the inventions shaping tomorrow Israel business beat Sundays and Wednesdays 9 30 p.m. GMT The I-24 news team of talented Correspondents are working hard for you. They're in the markets on the To see how the top stories of the week are affecting real people no commentary no debate Just the best stories presented by our best germinists We're on the inside of political and religious passions in Jerusalem breaking down the financial trends shaping the global economy Giving you key contacts not just headlines with the stories from Israel that touch the u.s Those across the region with impact far beyond its borders catch the rundown with the Middle East meets the world Well come back to the special I-24 news edition as Israel is facing a massive Terror wave on multiple fronts and now against the backdrop of this tense security situation Protesters are taking to the streets of Israel once again for the 14th week in a row demonstration of the pending judicial overhaul the crowds begin already amassing Actually at the main rally in a TV You're seeing now live images on the screen as organizers accepted police Please to cancel a march through the city streets do to these security concerns are I-24 news Correspondence Hamda Salahut is there Hamda We're seeing the masses very much in attendance But as mentioned agreeing to keep it contained in terms of the location because of the security and the security situation Look like a subdued protest It is in the fact that it is not a march that will close off any roads Protesters will not head to the aisle on highways to block it This is the 14th week in a row demonstrators are taking to the streets Against the government's planned judicial overhaul while Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu did pause those bills last week in hopes of Negotiations with the opposition Demonstrators here are saying that is simply not enough and that they must be taken off the table completely I have a demonstrator here with me her name is Nori. She's from Tel Aviv Nori, thank you so much for being with us talk to us about why it's so important for you to be here 14 weeks later I was born before they are independent from that time. I live in a free country with law Without constitution, but under law and as you see my side With occupation and I think this is the main problem of Israel in addition Well, we don't agree to the new Government that is going to take our freedom all sorts of people therefore 14th the week, okay, and my age is 78 Much for being with us. You could see here a lot of people all ages We spoke to women with their children who brought them here and the children were saying that it's important for democracy The mothers of those children saying it's for the future generation of this country that while Negotiations are ongoing for these bills. It is not acceptable to them saying that this comes amid the backdrop of the heavy security situation But instead of the government focusing on that They are instead focusing on advancing these judicial overhaul bills after the government's recess Which will begin which began excuse me on April 2nd Yes, I 24 new senior correspondents Hamda Salhout from the terror scene in Tel Aviv to the main rally in Tel Aviv following Every development on the streets there Hamda. Thank you very much for this back here in studio Ben Doremi senior generalist of the idea to go on a daily major general on the reserves Mr. Eitan dangot Ben drawer The protesters are saying we're not gathering today Despite the security situation but because of it Yeah, well too many people want to make the connection between our situation of Whatever is happening with the terror waves that we are facing right now and the judicial reform Let me tell you I participated some demonstrations. I'm against this kind of Judicial reform not this one. I don't like it. I demonstrated but to make a connection between the wave of terror and the demonstration and the protest which is Highly justified. It's not the right thing to do. It's not the right thing to do because let's remember I mean the big success of the protest is because so many people Who are identified with the right? Actually joined the protest. I mean, that's what happened actually Mainly in the last two three weeks now to say Occupation and to say terror to blame this government because of the wave of terror it will be the most counterproductive Step on behalf of the protest it should not be done and let's remember one thing which must be said I mean it is nothing. I mean, of course, I do not support this government I said it in this table not one time, but the point is that we cannot Forget the fact that even when we had The most peaceful government in D. O. C. Bailin and D. O. C. Sarid and others who offered the Palestinians a Palestinian state and the partition of Jerusalem They were rejected by the Palestinians. Let's not forget it. So We have good claims against this government. Let's not mix between terror And the judicial reform and speaking of of connections or disconnections major general dangota for a while now the Israeli Perception if you will or strategy Was to try and make a distinction between the different fronts as in you have the Gaza Strip You have the northern front. You have Jerusalem. You have the West Bank and Slowly, but surely and also slowly, but definitely surely we're seeing this notion Simply collapsing. Maybe it is up to Israel now to connect and you these arenas And set up a new strategy here. I think that both of your two ways that you just present our right But at the end you have to calculate your reaction under the circumstances We are during a very sensitive holiday time for the Jewish for the Muslims We are under a very sensitive time in terri in Israel. Do you just spoke about it? And so at the end and I said many times on taking decisions We look about everything as one strategic. We divide it to a very simple mechanism Iran is above as a Like a given the policy umbrella exactly secondly his Bala is the operative which presented which Coordinate between the sides giving arms to Hamas and cetera You see the terror cabinet in Beirut two days ago sitting smiling together But detective and the most error is done by Hamas. This is clear and so Hamas in Gaza Hamas in Lebanon. I'm a very Suspected that Hamas will try to be also partner in the Golanite in the Syrian side and in the West Bank they're trying with Excitement and inside Israel using the east of Jerusalem. So meanwhile Israel decided to take The point is towards Hamas, but we have an open Let's say bill with his Bala and we have to wait for the timing We cannot close our eyes. What's going from his Bala from Megiddo junction the event and cetera But you have to be now smart and at the end you have to be right So we have to move it step by step and I cannot not connect it to what's going internally while you are going opening a War or opening a clash of a clash with his Bala means that you have to sit here with a unity nation I know that in a lot everybody is coming But the feeling the energy should be moved in 30 degrees and for it you need a time And I think that I hope that the Israeli Prime Minister will froze the low Process and declare about it not to say it will come off the opening of the next Knesset to make a process and bring the centralized that the security forces are needed and also I'm not we have also to see what's going about the time and the pressure on the ads of the security forces Especially in the police the relationship between Belgrade the minister for internal security and is the inspector of the police are not giving the police the Freedom and the positive energy the work and at the end I'm full of owner to all the fair security forces that are acting for many weeks and months and will do it for many weeks From now and we need it to do it in a way We are strong But we need to bring the strongness to the timing that the reaction will be first clear as we know to do it And speaking of that point exactly a Ben Dori amini we've been discussing almost on a daily basis What will happen in the moment of truth given the nixing or the axing rather of Defense minister garland the moment still very much in position the mistrust within police forces reservists saying they will not Be there when time comes and time has come Is this friction and fraction we've seen in recent weeks Undermining Israel's ability Well speaking from the only security point of view no it's not it's not the point is that that as General Duncan said yes. He was completely right. I mean we need the unity in this time I mean unity is power unity is strength and we don't have it right now right now We see the demonstrations and we see that people can And not just us Yeah And we see what happens in a middle of a wave of terror he's sucking the defense minister I mean excuse me what are you doing And so many people unfortunately unfortunately but so many people cannot trust the prime minister I mean what is he what he is doing because for so many years he was considered to be a political genius Excuse me Where is it we are looking for it we are looking for the genius and we don't find in all his moves one after one All his moves are only doing damage to Israel we have to admit it we have a problem but but we are lucky We are really lucky that we have a police and we have the army and and they are I will not say that they are independent But we have a defense minister that is trusted by the army he cannot be sad and it should have been said before Sorry in this time I'm totally postponing what I decided before to suck him he did not say it Netanyahu We have a problem with Netanyahu we did not we do not have problem with not with the police and not with the Israeli army This we're nearing the end of our broadcast gentlemen so so briefly on the security side of things the security cabinet is said to convene tomorrow morning Major General Dangot are we to expect anything concrete I think that we are entering to a very sensitive two weeks let's make it very well the last 10 days of Ramadan which start in about three days Are very religious very emotional and can be a lot of opening a big fire so it's need a lot of calculating steps like maybe to prevent from Jewish to go to the temple mountain in these days Not to make any kind of mistake to strengthen the area yesterday Natarala made a speech he didn't say a word about what's going Maybe is waiting to the next ambush that will come from Lebanon we don't know we have to be on AI readiness to react we have to make a quick lessons quick lessons against Hamas very sensitive time A lot of the weight on the commanders of the police IDF internal security and above all we have deployment of thousands of show soldiers policemen families everybody we have to make it as a state of Israel for our Independence day that will take part the 75th day will will be in a right way and to make it in a unity way and ahead of this of this big day that was in the security level in the political level Bandro Yamini do you think it's an opportunity perhaps for unity government Well you know too many of us are totally against it I'm not sure that at the moment it's a bad idea considering the fact that it will actually remove from the table the judicial reform if it will happen maybe why not We are in an emergency time I know that so many people telling guns don't do what you did before many guns but it's not a bad idea to my opinion Yeah and reality proves that with the pace and scope and scale of the chain of events many things can happen in a matter of days Thank you very much for this this is it for us


Let's talk about seven tip and tricks on how to make the most of your Kubernetes journey. Okay, so you might be starting with Kubernetes or, you know, you better be experienced and there are a few tips and tricks that I want to share with you today. So the first one, which I'm going to show you, which I'm going to share with you today is to actually take it easy. So you might, you might have used other tools in the past to deploy your application or to just to scale them. And most of them, you know, they are okay. They are complex to start with, but sort of, sort of towards the middle, you start mastering them and you become an expert. When it comes to Kubernetes, Kubernetes is a little bit more complicated than anything else you've tried before. And then as soon as you start deploying it, things become increasingly complex until they become impossibly complex.  So first tip is take it easy. It takes time to learn Kubernetes. You cannot learn Kubernetes in three hours. Okay. That's just not doable and not even, you know, in a weekend. The second tip I've got for you is you'll find yourself typing the same thing over and over again. Okay. That's very, very common. So you will take, you know, the way we get pods of deployment usually is by typing the command line. So what if I can auto-complete that? What if I can augment my productivity by using things such as kubectl auto-completion or by mastering how to navigate the documentation by using the CLI? Okay. There are projects like kube context and kube namespace where you can easily switch context and namespaces in Kubernetes. There is a very interesting plugin called, an interesting plugin manager called crew, and in which you can install new plugins from kubectl and extend how kubectl works. And then there are also projects like kube ps1 where you can have a nice prompt of the current context in your terminal. Okay. So all of those, if you're interested in the kind of stuff, I think I just posted a couple of links and those dive a little bit more into how you can optimize your productivity when it comes to Kubernetes. The third tip I've got for you is a don't drop connection. So this is so, so, so common. That we get questions all the time. So what happens is, if you're familiar with Kubernetes, but even if you're not familiar with Kubernetes, what you will find is that Kubernetes, every time you upgrade a version of your application, it will do what's called a rolling deployment. So we'll bring up a new version of the application and then we'll replace it with the previous one. And then we'll do the same for all of the applications inside your cluster. But replacing an application means that we need to know when that application can receive connections. If my application takes a minute to start, what happens if I replace it with a new version and I just start and I pass to the next one, right? That's actually, that, that sort of behavior is controlled through something called liveness and readiness probes. So those are crucial. So when you do a rolling update, Kubernetes will wait for liveness and readiness probe before it's going to move on to the next one. So if you don't put those ones in, it's very, very easy to take down your production infrastructure. Okay. So my tip for you is just check your liveness and readiness probes, right, and make sure that it works. The first tip I've got today is click and play. So you might be tempted to use GCP, right? Just click on the UI, create a project, click on GKE, create a cluster, just select a number of nodes, the type of nodes, and then click on connect and connect to the cluster, right? And then if you are in EKS or this Amazon offering, you might do the same, right? You might log in and consult in AWS and just click on a couple of buttons and create a cluster. If you are an Azure fund, same thing, right? But all of these are good when you're getting started, but if you're building production infrastructure, that's not necessarily the best way to approach things. The reason is quite simple. If you start clicking the UI, it's very hard to synchronize the changes across environments. If you want to create a new environment, you need to copy and paste the same values. So do I have two tabs open on my browser, just copying the values in and out? And it takes a lot of time to do it. I still need to go and click every single page and just go through making sure that I haven't missed anything, right? So rather than doing that, my suggestion would be just look at something like infrastructure as code. So Terraform is a good example of that, but also projects such as Pulumi are pioneering in what you can do when it comes to creating your own cluster as code. So you write a little code and you say, create. And what will that look like? It's like this, right? I go inside a folder called dev. I do a Terraform apply that it brings up 10 nodes for my cluster. I want to do that in prod. I switch into a different folder. There is a different set of configuration using the same code. I create another cluster. Tip number five, know how to expose your services. So most of the time in Kubernetes and Hunter just describe how services and pod works in Kubernetes. Most of the time, what we have is an internal load balancer which distributes the traffic to our applications. When we have multiple services, right, we need to find a way to distribute this traffic across all of these internal load balancers. So what do we do? We bring another load balancer on top, which does the load distribution. But this load balancer, it comes in all sorts of flavors. You could use NGINX, you could use HAProxy, you could use Glue, Istio, Citrix, you could use Kong, Ambassador. Which one is the right one for me? Well, it's really, really hard. But a project like this from Cube DAX gives you a good idea of what kind of options you have when it comes to selecting an ingress. For example, not all the ingress have things such as being working across the cluster. So for example, Kong doesn't, right? It's on a per name space basis. So projects like this are really, really useful. So tip number six is automated governance. So if you're building a cluster or just using a cluster as part of a team, particularly if you're talking about very large teams in the range of hundreds of thousands, what you will see is that there is a need to validate these resources that you submitted to the cluster. So these YAML files. So ideally you want to validate them, you want to make sure that all of the developers or all of your colleagues are using the same images, the same structure, the same labels. So you want to standardize what the YAML is and ideally you want to catch the error earlier, right? So we don't want to let anyone publish anything to the cluster, which is not what it's supposed to be. So if you have any of these sort of challenges, the solution is to use something like the Open Policy Agent, where you can define things such as, I only want this container to be published in my cluster, reject all the other containers, or you can look at a project called Copper from Cloud 66, which is basically just a validator for YAML. And a very similar one is Cubival from Instrumenta. They are designed, as you can see here, they are designed to basically just look at the YAML files and run some sort of linting, so you know if your resources are good. So the last tip I've got for you today, so the best way to make the most of your Kubernetes journey is to actually enjoy the journey. So I was lucky enough to be in KubeCon Barcelona earlier this year, and I had the opportunity to meet a lot of people that I would normally only meet online. So I think that really made a difference for me. So that was everything I wanted to show you today. My name is Daniele. I work for a company called Learn Kubernetes. Thank you very much. So the talk that I presented, lasted five minutes when I presented it at KubeCon China. So I was at KubeCon China, and I was lucky enough to be at KubeCon Barcelona. And as you can imagine, there were like loads of places with vendors and stickers. So what I did, I know that not everyone is lucky as me, and can go to conferences across the globe and just collect stickers. So I collected the stickers for you. So if you haven't had the opportunity to go to KubeCon, the opportunity is actually right there. You can go and collect any stickers you want. I only ask you to be mindful of others though. So just don't go there and grab all the stickers. Just make sure you share them with others, okay? There's only another things I wanted to say and I'm done. So what we do is as a company, we do training for Kubernetes. So we just released a free course on Kubernetes. So everything that Hunter just explained, you can try on our mini course. You can just take an application and just deploy it in Kubernetes. The application that you will develop is a note-taking application. So this course guides you from building the application and deploying it. So this first part is actually building it, and then you learn how to package it out in Docker containers. Hopefully this is a video. And then the other part is actually deploying it inside Kubernetes. And this goes and explain how to do that. The application is built in such a way that you understand how storage works. So this one used Minio, which is an S3 compatible sort of storage engine. And then it also goes dive into how to deploy this in EKS, which is the Amazon offering. So if you wanna have a look, this is all completely free and it's gonna guide you through how to do the deployment and how to try it. Just go to this URL. And that's it. Thank you very much.


We have used ships to trade food and other goods around the world for thousands of years. So it's no surprise that about 59% of our food miles today come from water transport. But what does it take to ship our food around the world? And what impacts our imports and exports? Because transport time can take up to three weeks or more, exporters need to time everything properly so their goods arrive in quality retail condition. They lease big containers from shipping companies and fill them with their export commodities. Exporters then coordinate with shipping companies to ensure containers are transported with the right airflow and temperature settings. Most shipping companies also have technologies that control atmosphere and level of gases like oxygen present, which keeps produce asleep during transportation and extends their shelf life. During the voyage, the ship's crew members check and regulate the container's temperature three to four times a day. Billions of cargo are shipped every day worldwide, so any disruption in ocean transportation can have a serious impact on food distribution and the world's economy. As countries lock down from COVID-19, ports have been operating at a lower capacity with less port workers, which means slower customs clearance and even refusal of ship entry, leading to food waste and disrupted food distribution. Ship crew members also had to face restrictions. Normally crew members are allowed off the ships at port landing to walk around and shop for groceries, etc. But because of COVID-19, many crew members were trapped on board ships sometimes for over a whole year. It takes thousands of hands, technologies, and reliable transport networks for our food to reach our plates. So the next time you're eating your snack or meal, maybe take a moment to think about the journey your food took to get to you.


Hello there! This is Mr. P on today's lesson. We're going to take a look at phrasal verbs. That's right. Let's look at some examples. Why don't you write it down? Okay, to write down that's a phrasal verb. My sister always gets up early in the morning.  And like good old Benjamin Franklin said, don't put off until tomorrow what you can do today. And this is put off right there, the phrasal verb. So let's start with an introduction. A phrasal verb is a verb plus a particle. A particle can be a preposition or an adverb. There are three parts or three types of phrasal verbs. A type A. verb plus adverb.  Turn down. Break down. B. verb plus preposition. Look after. Wait for. Talk about. Type C. verb plus adverb plus preposition. Get on with. Look forward to. Run out of. Let's take a look at the example put off. So put is the verb. Off is the particle. In this case, it's an adverb. Example. I put off my trip. It is the same as saying I postponed my trip. The verb and the particle have a special meaning, of course. When you use the same verb with a different particle, the meaning changes. Let's take a look at put off again. To postpone, we said. Put on to cover your body with clothes. Put back to return something to its original place. And put into to improve. There are others. Some phrasal verbs using the same particle have more than one meaning. Let's take a look at put off again. To make somebody not want or like something. For example, my parents put me off the idea of religion forever. Or put off means here prevent somebody from concentrating. Stop laughing. You'll put her off. Okay, so that's that.  So I'll put you off by the bus stop. So you can see there we have three different meanings with the same phrasal verb put off. Phrasal verbs can have a literal or idiomatic meaning literal. That means word for word meaning. Example. The boy looked up at the sky or he walked across the square. Okay, so literal meaning. Idiomatic meaning. Using expressions that are natural to a native speaker. For example, she's looking after her old grandmother. Look after means take care. Or the other example, my car broke down last week. Breakdown means stop working. So kinds of phrasal verbs. We have transitive phrasal verbs or intransitive phrasal verbs. Transitive, they can be separable, inseparable, or they are those ones that must be separated. The inseparable, they have the three word verb. I will explain that in a minute. Transitive phrasal verbs. These verbs have objects. Example. Are you writing down these notes? These notes are, in this case, are because there are many notes, objects. I haven't called Mr. Wilson back. So call back is the phrasal verb and Mr. Wilson is the object. That's right. Intransitive phrasal verbs. These verbs do not have objects. Example. Donnie's car broke down. No object, as you can see. Jane grew up in a small town. No object here. Separable phrasal verbs. Most phrasal verbs are separable. The verb and the particle can be separated. This is what it means. It can be separated. When the object is a noun, you can put the noun after the particle, like in the example. Jimmy put on what? His coat. That's the object. Or put the noun between the verb and the particle. For example, Jimmy put what? His coat on. So you can see his coat is the object right there. When the object is a pronoun, you must put it between the verb and the particle. Like in this example, Jimmy put it on. You cannot say Jimmy put on it. That's incorrect. When to separate phrasal verbs, you can separate the verb and the particle when the object consists of just few words. For example, Mr. Wilson called his appointment off. Or it seems a shame to chop that tree down. So we have just two words in this case for the object. When not to separate phrasal verbs. Of course, you cannot separate the verb and the particle when the object is longer than four words. For example, Mr. Wilson called off his 330 appointment with Dr. Smith. So you cannot separate that. It will be incorrect if you said Mr. Wilson called his 330 appointment with Dr. Smith off. That's incorrect. Inseparable phrasal verbs. The verb and the particle cannot be separated. With these verbs, you cannot put the object between the verb and the particle, even when the object is a pronoun. So for example, you can say yesterday, I ran into Alan. Okay? Or yesterday, I ran into him. That's fine. But you cannot say yesterday, I ran Alan into. That's incorrect. Or yesterday, I ran him into. Phrasal verbs that must be separated. There is a small number of these. With these verbs, you must put the object between the verb and the particle. Like in this example, Tina kept her jacket on. Okay? You cannot say Tina kept on her jacket. That's incorrect. Because keep on is always separated. You must separate these phrasal, in this case, this phrasal verb. Three-word phrasal verbs. These verbs are usually inseparable. Phrasal verb plus a preposition. Let's take a look at them. Tina dropped out of school. So we have drop out. That's the phrasal verb. And then the preposition of. Or Joe went back to his country. So we have phrasal verb go back and then preposition to. So how can I learn the the phrasal verbs? Well, one way is to learn them by making your own sentences. Another way could be by reading and understanding is meaning by context. And finally, for some people, learning by heart helps. However, I disagree. Since the best way to learn a language is by using it and practicing every day. So use your phrasal verbs, learn them and use them every day. So I hope you enjoyed the lesson. If you have any questions, please type your question under the video lesson. If you haven't subscribed to my channel, please do. If you like the video, please click on the like button. And if you want to share, you may. Until next time, bye-bye.