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Here we are in QuickBooks Desktop Sample Raw Castle Construction Practice Fire Provided by QuickBooks Going through the setup process we do every time maximizing the home page to the gray area Going to the view drop down noting that we have the hide icon bar and open windows list checked off open windows on the left hand side going to the reports drop down company and financial looking at that P&L profit and loss otherwise no one is the income statement date change 010123124 January to December customize it fonts and numbers change it to 12 OK yes OK and then we're going to go to the reports drop down again company and financial this time the big balance sheet tab date 123124 customize the report fonts and numbers change it 12 OK yes OK that's the setup process that we have been doing every time note that we're going to go through many of the other reports to give an overview of the report center when we look at all the different kinds of reports in there it can be quite overwhelming however it'll be a lot easier to consider if you realize that the two major reports the financial statement reports are the balance sheet and the income statement otherwise known as the profit and loss report you may not I wouldn't even really think about them as reports I would think about them as a level up from the reports the end result that were primarily thinking of meaning they are the financial statements they are the financial statement reports every other report pretty much just about every other report is going to be giving more detail expanding upon in some way organizing a little bit different than simply a general ledger some line item or multiple line items of the major two reports the balance sheet and the income statement or in other words the reports are typically constructed these two reports are constructed from the accounts on the general ledger if there's any activity in the accounts that we have created from the general ledger the list of all accounts then again they will be constructing the end result showing up somewhere in the balance sheet and with the income statement also just realized the trial balance is another report that kind of has everything involved in it because it's in essence the balance sheet on top of the income statement keeping that in mind when we're thinking about other reports how to get to other reports there's two primary ways we can do that we can go to the reports drop down and then we can go to the reports center up top so if I go into the reports center it has this little organization I'm going to maximize it for some reason it unmaximizes when I go into it originally so I'm just going to go okay maximize that that's one way we can get there notice the tabs on the left hand side are the major categories on the left and we're currently in the standard tab up top the other way to get there is what we've been doing every time when we go into the reports probably the fastest way to get to the reports if you haven't like customized or put reports in some kind of custom field and that would be to go down here and then go to the report so these categories here company financial customers and receivable sales match these categories over here and then you've got the added drop down with all these reports in it this can look a little bit overwhelming so if you know where you're going this is the fastest way to get there if you don't know where you're going and you're searching for some new reports then opening the report center is probably the best way to go there if you have some reports that are kind of buried when you look at this drop down and you want to make them a little bit more accessible you can memorize the reports and you can put reports here these are also reports that you can you can make you know more customized basically reports up top we'll talk about more shortly you can also put reports and like favorites in your drop down here to make them a little bit more accessible if you need so for now we're going to go into the report center so reports drop down reports center this is the report center we've got tabs up top the standard tab is the main tab will be looking at the memorized tab represents reports that we have memorized so these might be reports that are going to be really useful to us so we memorized them or they might be reports that we have changed and that's probably the better use of this field in other words for example if we have like a balance sheet and an income statement let's open up a balance sheet and we want to change the formatting let's say we want to take the pennies out of it let's do I'll show you real quick if I go to customize up top and we said okay what if I go to the fonts and numbers and I don't want to have any I'm going to have parentheses and read for the for the negative numbers and I don't want to have any pennies involved in it and I'm going to say okay and you note that I made it 12 well now if I want to save those settings then I can memorize this report therefore I will not have to do that change every time every time we open the report as we have been doing every time I change the font so that can be a useful tool we'll talk more about that in the future back to the report center tackling on the left hand side memorized reports and you've got different categories for the reports we'll talk more about how you can organize those categories or give some suggestions in future presentations we've got the favorites so this is where you can put put items that are your favorite items to get to them a little bit more quickly so for example if I went over to the standard tab note that it's usually pretty easy to get to the balance sheet and the income statement so that's probably not you might want you know probably be something that's a report that you use a lot that that's a little bit more difficult to get to so maybe if you had a report down here and I said I want to put this in my favorites with little heart here put it into the favorites then you can go into the faves and this will be a little bit quicker possibly to get there and then when you go to the reports drop down up top you've got your your favorites and so that that'll make it a little bit more customizable that's a way to customize it and then you've got the recent so sometimes this gives you your recent reports that you had open and then you've got your contributed these are reports that other people have opened that they have customized them and so you could look for some some standard customized reports that other people have found to be convenient that might be useful to you as well we'll talk more about customizing reports in a future presentation back to the standard tab so within the standard tab once we see the reports in this middle window we can view them a couple different ways this is probably the easiest way to view them because you get a nice glance at what is happening here but sometimes if you just want to look at a list of the reports you can go this way that gives you a nice list to me if I know the list and I know what the report looks like I'll probably just find it this way with the reports drop down and then see the list this is basically a list format this way so that's why I usually like to see it a little bit this way if I'm actually going to go into the report center or possibly if I want to get a little bit more detail use this method which will give them give you a little bit faster look and you can sort through them this way and so you can see what the report looks like and that's probably why you're going to be in the report center anyways as opposed to going through the drop down because you don't know exactly what you're looking for and you maybe want to be observing what it looks like I'm going to go back to the default which is the grid view and then we'll just kind of go through some of the categories of the reports in in each of these categories so first we have the profit and loss report so this is the company financial remember this is the major financial statement of report of the income statement the timing report income minus expenses the standard report is probably one of the most common reports you're going to use although you might customize it a bit for your personal use or for the use externally so that's the one we've been working with that's when we've been taking a look at so you could have the profit and loss details this is going to be the profit and loss but given you a bit more activity in it notice it has to type the date the name and so on you got the profit and loss year to date comparison note that many of these other profit and losses reports such as the year to date comparison are reports that we can customize from the original profit and loss in other words if I go to the profit and loss and I customize the report I have some options to do a comparison to a prior month comparison prior year comparison many of the reports that are in the report center if I go back to the report center are constructed from the options so you could you could have made them in essence from a profit and loss so these are great default options but we'll also talk about how to make some of those standard comparison reports side by side comparison month to month year to year month to prior month and that kind of stuff so profit and loss a previous year comparison so this is another comparative P&L report that we could construct ourselves if we know how to do that profit and loss by job which would be specific to job cost system profit and loss by class if you have class tracking turned on which is a specialty kind of area we have a whole courses on if you want to look into that more detail profit and loss unclassified then we have the income and expenses income and expenses basically being reports that are kind of P&L profit and loss reports because income and expense are income statement reports so you got income by customer notice that this is giving you a more detail on the profit and loss so if I look at the profit and loss usually you have the income by account grouping account category now you're going to take that income and give more detail to it by breaking it out by customer that's why on the income statement we typically don't break out different income line items by different customers because we can make another report to give us that we have another one giving us more detail on the income accounts breaking it out income by customer detail giving us more detail on the customer then we got expenses by vendor summary so now we're getting more information about line items on the income statement usually broken out on the income statement by the account that we grouped them what we used them for this then breaking them out by the vendor who we paid so we get more detail about that so that's why many of the other reports are going to give us more detail about a line item or multiple line items on the major financials balance sheet income statement expenses by vendor detail we got some graphs that they give us here as well we'll look into in future presentations and then we're on the balance sheet the other main report balance sheet standard the one we open up all the time we got the balance sheet detail giving us a little bit more detail as we saw with the income statement balance sheet summary this one's a little bit more compact so if you were to present this to somebody else this report is quite useful because it's a little less intimidating but often times we use the standard balance sheet as we're working within the system because that gives us all the accounts whereas this is going to group some of the accounts together by in essence the type of accounts that we saw when we looked at the general ledger then we got the balance sheet prior year comparison this is a report which once again we can construct from the balance sheet if we know how to do it they just put one together for us already we'll talk about how to do that in future presentation net worth graph type of report then we've got the cash flow the cash flow is the other major financial statement report so you might be asking about that you might be saying why haven't you talked about the cash flow because the cash flow although it's one of the three major financial statement reports it's not really the first two that we construct we construct the balance sheet and the income statement typically if you were to make these from scratch and then we use those reports to make the cash flow report why because the balance sheet and income statement traditionally will be on an accrual basis method however we'd still like to see cash flow so you might say well why don't I make another income statement on a cash flow basis for example or profit and loss and so that's in essence kind of partially what we do with the statement of cash flows so now we're trying to get the best of both worlds have an accrual based financial statement balance sheet income statement and then have a cash flow based statement the statement of cash flows but in essence it's giving you a more detail on the accounting system on a cash flow basis and you can think of it as kind of breaking out the flow of the cash in that in that way it follows our theme that it's going to be a report related to you know another report it's going to tie into our cash flow report on our cash on the balance sheet in essence and so then so those are going to be the major reports here let's go to the customers and receivables these reports are going to tie out then or give more detail about the major balance sheet account of accounts receivable which is us showing people owing us money so if I go to the to the reports then we've got we've got the ar aging so that breaks out then the people that owe us money and then how over past do the balances are which helps us to collect on them of course the ar aging detail they've got grass for ar aging open invoices the open invoices typically are the things that create the accounts receivable so those are the forms by customer that if they have not been cleared that's what the accounts receivable balances is is made of then you got the collections reports which of course accounts receivable we're trying to collect on it average days to pay summary so that's trying to determine how much time it takes on average for us to get collection from the receivable from the invoice time to the collection time and then we got the average average days to pay you got the customer balances so this basically breaks down the accounts receivable by customer which we can also see in the vendor in the customer center customer balance detail basically in the customer center same kind of information there unbillable costs and then the transaction list by customer a lot of this stuff like I say you could see in the customer center so if you're trying to figure this stuff I can see the drop down and look at the open balances and try to search that way if I'm looking for a particular customer that's why the major report that we use that's not in like the customer center would be the aging detail oftentimes when we're working in an accounting system on the sales side of things now this is going to be a going to be supporting reports to the major income statement line item of income they're going to give us different information about the income lines generally you got sales by customer so now you got the sales broken out by who bought this who bought the stuff so we're just breaking it out in a different way getting us different information more detailed information that is on the income statement for income or revenue sales by customer detail sales by ship to address where it actually went to pending sales and then you got a graph for sales then you got the sales by items items are what we did in order to generate the revenue goods and services that we sell so on the income statement we've got the income broken out by account and then we can also run other reports by who we sold to and what we sold or the services that we sold in order to do that of course you would have to be using the full service accounting system or using the invoices and the sales receipts if you're depositing directly into the system like a with like a deposit form possibly using bank feeds and assigning that to an income account then you lose some of the added report features to break out by item and possibly by customer in that way so then you got the sales by rep if you have sales rep then you've got that report you got the job time reports now these are going to be specific to a job cost system so I'm not going to go into these in detail but if you have a job cost system you've got job related reports and job estimate reports and then time as well more reports there vendors and payables so this is going to be supporting the balance sheet line item of accounts payable in a similar way as we saw with the accounts receivable accounts payable representing money that we owe to other people for goods and services provided to us we can break that out by the aging report that breaks it out by customer and how old they are this is the most common report used aging detail we have a graph then we've got the vendor balances like with the receivables this is a useful report but most of the stuff we can find by going to the vendor center and then I can search you know my outstanding balances in the vendor center here and we oftentimes would go there in practice and therefore these reports although useful common way to break it out the common subsidiary report breaking out the payable by who we owe we'll probably find that in the vendor center and therefore this is the most common report we use the AP aging and so then we've got the unpaid bills bills are going to be the items that are used to create the accounts payable if they have not been paid that's the increase the payable transaction list by vendor then we've got purchases now this is going to be in place if we have inventory oftentimes so we got purchased by vendor summary so we're breaking out the purchases we made by who we purchase from purchase by vendor detail and then we've got the purchase by item so these are showing the purchases by the thing that we purchase like the inventory items for example and then we've got the open purchase orders so this is something that oftentimes again we probably would be looking at by going in practice we would be going to the vendor center and possibly looking at the purchase orders here or going to the transaction purchase orders and looking at open purchase orders here so these reports although useful probably not the main place we go to when we're trying to find an open purchase order in the process of our accounting and bookkeeping the inventory this of course would only be applicable if we have inventory the main report being the inventory valuation summary this giving us more detail to the balance sheet account of inventory inventory having one line item giving us the dollar amount of all the inventory if we have a perpetual inventory system tracking the units of inventory then we got the inventory valuation the inventory valuation detail inventory stock status which can help us to count the inventory comparing our physical account to what the QuickBooks says then we've got the employee reports noting that the payroll reports are a whole animal in and of themselves because we have all these other kind of laws and regulations for human resources withholdings and whatnot also remember that you have to turn on payroll in order to have the payroll reports you typically have an add on feature to be processing payroll although there is a manual payroll that we can use to practice with and so we'll we'll look at those reports later these tie into multiple items on the balance sheet related to payroll so they're going to help us to determine you know payroll checks and whatnot but we've got the payroll liability accounts on the balance sheet and we've got on the income statement the the gross wages and the payroll taxes and the food taxes and so on but again they quote these go a little bit beyond just giving us more detail from a line item on the balance sheet and income statement because they also have to be used to give the pay stubs to the payroll each time and to give the reporting forms to the 941 to 940 and the W2s and W3s at the end of the year this is also the area where you might have someone outside doing that like an ADP or paychecks where they take care of all that stuff and you just enter the data necessary to make the financial statements correct we'll talk more about that in the future you got the banking reports so deposit details now this is of course going to give us more information on the balance sheet account of the bank accounts and notice that you could go into the bank account report and look at the detail of 124 and then you could sort this information by type so the major increases being the deposits the major decreases being checks although there's other kind of checks liability checks bill checks and so on so this is so this is giving you some some some reports here that are the deposit detail check detail so you can kind of you kind of come up to a similar report by filtering into basically a general ledger or transaction detail report missing checks you got the reconciliation discrepancies of previous reconciliations the reconciliation report is a little bit different than other reports because that report isn't really given us information on the data input to sort the data input for example like with the accounts receivable which sorts by transaction and then having a subsidiary report sorting it by customer with the bank reconciliation we're reconciling our account on the books to the banks books so we're reconciling to some other thing outside of our system so it's a bit different of a report we'll talk about it more when we get to the bank reconciliation components and then we've got the accountant reports we looked at the trial balance that's basically the balance sheet on top of the income statement very useful report we will start to use that and look at it and replace of the balance sheet of the income statement when we're trying to look at quick activity as we do the data input and see the impact on the financial statements balance sheet income statement. The general ledger report is basically all of the accounts and the activity within it and that's similar to if I go to the balance sheet and whenever we double click on a particular account and then say 010124. It shows me the activity it calls it a transaction by account. So if I had all the accounts and all the activity that would basically be the general ledger so this is kind of a similar thing as the general ledger report. The transaction detailed by account so similar kind of process there these are similar reports the journal report breaks out all the transaction by journal entry so it gives you the debits and credits. It's a really good tool to kind of look at what's happening in terms of debits and credits given the fact that into it generally doesn't show debits and credits all the time it's kind of like that's the behind the scenes thing. So if you're trying to learn in terms of debits and credits then these are good tool to use it's also good for billing purposes will try to point that out a bit as we go through the process depending on your billing system audit trail report Voided delete transaction summary so you can take a look at all the transactions that have been removed that could be useful if someone went in there and deleted stuff that should void a deleted detail transaction list by date. So this just lists out all the transaction by date it's a little bit cleaner a little bit smaller than the journal report similar kind of thing. However also could be useful for like billing depending on your circumstances and for reviewing. We'll talk more about it later in the second half of the course account listing just gives you a list of the accounts chart of accounts in essence fixed asset list if you have the fixed asset list income tax income tax preparation income tax summary. So this comes into play if you if you coded some of your accounts in terms of a tax account which can be useful but it's like it has potential but it hasn't really added a lot of value that I see because it can't be perfectly useful. We might look at that a little bit more when we when we add the accounts but I haven't found it that a lot of bookkeepers use like the tax components of it. So I won't go into that detail here budgets budgets are a little bit different than most of the other reports because most other reports and accounting in general is designed to record past financial transactions in order to construct the balance sheet and the income statement representing a summary of what has happened in the past and where we stand at this point in time. So budgets are going to use that past data to project out into the future. So they're not something that a bookkeeper can really do on their own independent from the owner of the business because they only have part of the data they got the prior year data but they're also going to need projections into the future to create a budget. So we'll get into budgets and future presentations just remember as a bookkeeper by default. You're not really the person that's going to put together the budget. You can try to think about that you have to work with the owner to kind of think about other things other than simply past data to project out into the future. And then we've got the lists with like the customer phone list customer contact list the vendor list phone list contact list. And this is more detailed reports contact reports other names phone lists and then the accounting list the item price list item lists and so on and so forth. So I won't go into those in detail. Those are the general outline. Just remember the main two reports balance sheet income statement or profit and loss and then all the other reports generally make more sense as they are typically expanding on giving more data about some line item or multiple line items. Of the main two reports balance sheet income statement or profit and loss.


Howdy how's it going? My name's Davy Chappy and there's nothing like raising a child from the dead after they were murdered by goblins and now you're leading an army of shambling zombies against the creatures hoping against hope that they don't have any plans on their lawn. You know, one of those days. Today I'm going to be talking about the undead as a concept, the types of undead, how undead are normally created, and I'll be giving you tips to survive your first night against the living dead. So if you're not into the idea of an ensemble group of six mass-squaring rappers then feel free to play your undead however you want. But wait my friends, I bring warning of ill tidings ascending upwards down the ladder of time. The end of the line for the Kickstarter of Stibble's Codex of Companions is upon us. By 5pm today you will no longer be able to access this incredible book wherein you may find true platonic love in the form of dozens upon dozens of new companions for you to live out the end of days with. After all, mushrooms don't get corona. And even better, if you buy now you will unlock a wave of new spells, feats and companion loyalty mechanics that will keep you battling the forces of evil with your friends at your side. And even better than that, Stibble's Codex comes with its own personality table so that you can craft the perfect conversation partner for all those days that you spend in quarantine after the slow collapse of society. So check out the Kickstarter for Stibble's Codex of Companions, link below. Before it's too late for you and your family because the Kickstarter will end. Stibble's Codex of Companions. Order now while supplies last. But with that out of the way, let's begin. So Undead is a term that encapsulates any being that has managed to cheat death in some way, body or soul, and now roams the earth as an unholy creature that wants nothing more than to haunt cemeteries and scare people who actually buy into ghost hunters. They fall under the purview of Orcus, the demon king of Undead, and not Orcs. And necromancers that seek to make living raiding villages with meat puppets often pay reverence to the demon king as a sign of respect. Now since there's no sourcebook to tell me that I'm wrong, when I talk about the types of Undead, I like to split Undead into my own Davy brand of three categories, mind, body, and spirit. To work backwards, spiritual and dead are souls without a body. Body undead have no souls, and mind type Undead have some aspect of both. Spirits are the easiest to quantify, with ghosts, banshee, specters, and wraiths, and other synonyms for those souls that float the earth once more being the most common of the bunch. A spirit manifests in the material plane most often due to a sense of either intense anger that it clings onto and refuses to let go because it has some hugely unfulfilled purpose that plagued its life and they managed never to complete, like 100%ing the binding of Isaac, or because a necromancer summoned it here. In any case, spirits are often times the most available type of Undead to talk to, though the constant wailing of agony and sadness makes them poor conversationalists. When you can manage to get a conversation out of Casper, you'll more often than not run into a puzzle-solving situation where the ghost is super powerful or just really hard to kill for physical or situational reasons, but like that one friend of yours that constantly has problems and tries to make it your problem, they'll be more than willing to divulge that extra baggage that has been keeping them ghosting you and your friends. That being said, spirits aren't always friendly, so be sure to bring magical weapons along, or else you'll be at a huge disadvantage when you try to crack a ghost upside the head with a stick, only to find out that, lo and behold, it's a ghost, dumbass. If you want Undead that are easier to hit, but not necessarily easy to kill, then you'll want to specialize in hunting down bodies with no souls, untalking zombies, ghouls, skeletons, anything you would find in a cheap ass haunted house is what you're gonna find in this category of dead alive folk. Body undead are the exact opposite of spirit undead, because unlike spirits, there's no reasoning with zombies.  Granted, not all of them want to eat you, but they all usually really really want to kill you, and that's dictated by the source of their existence, the necromancer that brought them there. See, necromancy is a tough gig, magic is difficult, nobody appreciates it, and you'll lose all your friends and family because you brought home a reanimated corpse of your ex one time. So what's a guy to do but make new friends and dead bodies? That's free real estate. This is why godly churches are so prevalent and important in the world of D&D. Usually, when a person dies, their body is sent to the priest who performs a sanctifying ritual on them so they can't be raised up as an undead at any point in time. But if the priest is lazy, or the body is never sent to be sanctified in the first place, then that's where the classic image of zombies bursting out of cemeteries becomes reality. Now there are places and cultures where body necromancy isn't seen as such an evil thing, such as a village where the villagers make it clear while they're alive that their body is okay to be used in defense of their homeland after they're gone, and it's sometimes seen as a great honor to be the one bringing further glory to a person who's died in the past.  Lastly, the third type of undead manage to combine both their body and soul to maintain some semblance of existence and keep a hold over their mind, at least in the sense that they manage to be a thinking thing. Mind undead include vampires and liches that have lost their mortal lives but continue on anyways, flame skulls which remember their times as wizards all too fondly while still being completely batshit insane, and even vampire fog, which despite being more of an animalistic vapor of veins and creepiness still technically qualifies as a thinking thing. Thanks, Dakar. The major problem with mindful undead is that while it's true that most of them can still be considered the same person that they were in life, the nature of undead magic is all too commonly known to twist the mind and transform good and neutral people into beings of evil. What's worse is that they're not just evil, they're smart evil, which makes them so powerful that mere stories about them can singlehandedly raise the entire public perception of pre-written campaigns from the dredges of mediocrity. It is for this reason that mindful undead are too dangerous to be kept alive, for their state of undead comes with the benefit of time, and that time is spent learning more about the world, becoming more wise, and finding new tricks to keep the fleshies at bay. However, their stolen time is also often their biggest weakness, as a long-lived undead is prone to hubris, vainly believing that since it's survived for this long, clearly it is too great and powerful to be destroyed, and mortals that try are insignificant next to the might of the undead. Those are the things that make up a mindful undead, intelligence led by hubris. Now, onto fighting undead, for you would-be ghostlayers out there. It's a doozy. As a player, undead have some of the cheapest and cruel abilities that really don't match up with their CR when you think about it, like the banshees make a saving throw, or you bleed out type thing, or the zombies, as long as I roll okay on my best stat, I'll never die, bucko, or the menagerie of enemies that have stat-sucking powers, paralyzation abilities, instant death mechanics, and the laundry list of undead beasties that take little to no damage from the average moop with a great sword. Oh, and my favorite of I'm really weak against one type of attack, so let me just get shonky thick to make up for it. Good luck finding my weak spot. Because of this, you really, really need to know what you're fighting if you want to stand any chance against the undead, or you just need to be a spellcaster that has magical powers and ignores most problems because magic is dumb. Basically, prepare, prepare, prepare.  When in doubt, clerics and paladins obviously have some pre-built tools that can keep the party protected, but that isn't something you should just rely on. It's reliable against body undead because most of them are stupid, but both mind and spirit undead know enough to stay away from clergymen, and if you're unlucky, they've found a way to get around them. And if you don't have a magical weapon, you'd better at least carry around flasks of holy water to either coat your weapon in, or to just straight up splash the ghoulies, and then beat that wet ghoulie until it breaks. As a last resort, your final defense against the forces of undead is to just run. Run away. Like as fast as you can. Spirits tend not to go past a certain area, bodies are usually tethered to their master, or they're just slow on their own, and minds might get a kick out of it and decide to leave you alone because you're funny. Yeah, it's not a fun strategy, I know, but undead are tough, and it's better that you leave when you realize you can't help anything than stick around, get killed, and end up as just another mind, body, and spirit to fill up the ranks of the hateful dead. But that'll about do it. I hope you enjoyed this video. Be sure to check out my social media in the description below. Remember to aim for the head, and maybe support me on Patreon so that I can afford a swimming pool filled with holy water because I like swimming, but I do not like vampires. But yeah, Davi out.


All right, well, welcome to the historical revisionism panel. And I don't think we need to do extensive introductions for our speakers. It's going to be me, Tom DiLorenzo, and Tom Woods, all of whom you've already heard from. And I assume we'll speak about things we've already spoken about before, except maybe just in light of why creating better and good historical narratives is important. And so it's 30 minutes. We'll each speak for around 8, 9, 10 minutes. And then we may have, I don't know, witty retorse to something the other person says or something like that. But yeah, we're happy to share our views on this. And I couldn't come up with any brilliant intro on this. So I'm just going to steal a paragraph from Ralph Raco. Ralph, who was a historian, he gave a speech back in 1986. And he started out with this paragraph. He says, it's a curious fact that of all the disciplines, it seems that history, more than philosophy or economics, determines people's political views. We might consider this unfair. We might think that economics has more to say about what people should think about competition and antitrust. Philosophy has more to say about what people should think about natural rights. But in fact, most often it seems that it's history or interpretations of history that will influence the positions that people take. So of course, we all know some people who like to dwell in the world of deep philosophical arguments. And often those people find those things the most convincing. And that's what will change their mind or multi-step, complex economics arguments. But for a lot of people, myself included, what we prefer in many cases is more of a narrative, a story that tells us the human side of things, of events, and how they unfolded that help illustrate certain truths. And this is the process, of course, of writing history in many cases, is trying to get at the truth of the matter and its causes in many cases as well, and the factors that were important in that. And we can see how history, historical writings, the historical narrative really influences people's thoughts about a lot of things if we look at some of the examples. And chief among these is the story that people get about the Industrial Revolution. That's probably one of the most important historical narratives that really determines people's views about capitalism. It's not a philosophical or a logical thing that convinces people whether capitalism is good or bad. It's their idea, the images put in their head by historical stories and narratives that they've learned over the years about the Industrial Revolution. And so people know, even if they're not particularly well educated, but especially educated people, they're familiar with the story where in the 1750s and right up till about then, people lived on farms and they may have had simple lives but they had decent lives and they were in control of their own lives and people mostly left them alone and things were pretty good. But then they started building the factories which historians later called the dark satanic mills. And people then were forced to work in these things and while they had been fine, their standard of living went into steep decline.  And this of course was all to the net negative because these people had been perfectly fine and happy before they were herded into these factories. And people know this, they just know that that's the way it was. And so teaching people based on some economic argument alone that that's the incorrect view of how capitalism actually works, it has limited success. And so historical narratives about showing that actually people's standard of living was brought up. As we know from good history that's been written in the last 100 years from economic historians, we know for a fact that actually the standard of living went up during that time period. But actually enemies of capitalism, they dodge and they weave around that sort of thing. So yes, people's standard of living and their incomes went up, but actually people were more unhappy because they weren't in a setting with trees and flowers anymore. And so it's not money that matters, it's about your subjective feelings about your life. And so they've always got new arguments where it's not money anymore, whereas socialists always used to argue that socialism makes you better off. The historical narrative showed that it did not in fact do that, so we shifted to other things about capitalism then ruins the environment. So then you have to come up with a historical narrative to combat that, digging up the facts, doing history. That requires a lot of work. There's other areas too where the historical narrative determines people's knowledge in a big way. For example, another thing that Ralph liked to point out was people's views of the Middle Ages being completely wrong. His quote on that was this was maybe the biggest next to the myth of the Industrial Revolution, one of the biggest historical frauds perpetrated by Renaissance humanists and French philosophs. We all know that the Middle Ages was horrible, horrible time, where kings were just chopping off people's heads. People saw like a Monty Python movie about the Middle Ages, so they know what it was like.   And people learn this from this historical narrative and what does that mean to their view of the world? It means then that all the things from that time period, so the extreme decentralization of political periods, the lack of modern democracy, this ruin to the world, it kept us in the dark ages and was only with the Enlightenment and the Renaissance which of course brought absolutism, huge bureaucracy, standing armies, large states. That's when finally people started to have a secular and enlightened way of living. And so that's just ingrained, that's in there, that's in people's heads because that's from their view of history. And then more recent things of course, the Great Depression, right? This is another view of history that guides people's views of capitalism and the view of government, right? We know that in the 1920s there was completely laissez-faire unbridled capitalism and that the greed of capitalists produced the Great Depression somehow and that government stepped in and solved that problem. And it's because of government's continued intervention that we haven't had that same problem. Except for the, of course, the financial crisis that came afterward and immediately preceding that, the world somehow slipped right back into unbridled laissez-faire capitalism and then it was fixed. So we're always slipping into unbridled laissez-faire capitalism but fortunately the government steps in to solve the problem. This is a narrative people believe. And then we need to keep writing good history, right? We have good people overcoming a lot of these objections. Murray Rothbard's The Great Depression, one of the best history books written about the Great Depression. It doesn't rely just on economic arguments. It reconstructs history. It's a lot of good economic history, extremely important there. And but what about in more recent history, right? We're still writing the history of the financial crisis in 2007, 2008. We have to get that right. We have to make sure that the images that people have in their brains about that period are the correct ones, that it was an unbridled laissez-faire that produced that problem. And then the history of COVID, right? What's the history of that going to be? Is the narrative that everyone has in their head, oh, there was this disease and totally natural. We don't know where it came from but somehow it appeared one day and everyone was gonna die except the government locked down everything and they forced people to get vaccines. And fortunately, thanks to that, we came through it. Things were all right. Thank government. That's the narrative they're gonna write. That was what a lot of the history books are gonna say. Somebody's gotta write the history books that don't say that, that say something different. That requires work, that requires effort. And so that's why the historical revisionism is so important. And so we've got some guys over here who do a lot of that sort of work, have done a lot of the yeoman's work and bringing out the historical facts that are usually ignored. And I'm gonna have them come up and talk a little bit about that, about some of their own historical work. And so we'll start with Tom Di Lorenzo and Tom will talk a little bit about his projects on that, Tom. Okay, yeah, on the question of why revisionism is important, I wrote down a quotation by a guy named Eric Blair, who said this quote, who controls the present controls the past and who controls the past controls the future. Eric Blair had a pen name, his name pen name was George Orwell who said that. And so that's a well-established fact. And just a few comments regarding some of my own research. When I was doing research on Lincoln and the Civil War, I ran across some statements by Kenneth Stamp who was a one-time president of, I think it's called the American Historical Association, one of the big associations of academic historians who came right out and said, this was in the 1960s. He said, we need to rewrite the history of the Civil War and Lincoln and all that to support the Johnson administration agenda, the great society and the civil rights laws and all that. And I learned and so they did. And so they did. And so there seems to have been a demarcation of some of the older research I ran across in my research by people like William Archibald Dunning who was a Columbia professor at Tom's alma mater at the turn of the 20th century. And he did this fabulous research and he had a number of PhD students who all produced dissertations that turned into books. And you read these books and you read this research and you could never tell if he was taking one side or another regarding the Civil War. It was all just really good research on what happened and who was involved and so forth. And that all changed. That all changed especially beginning in the 1960s. And Eric Foner, who was also one of Tom's professors at Columbia. Oh, you avoided Eric Foner?  He taught the Civil War course in a graduate program in history, I guess, at Columbia for decades. I think he's retired now. He said the same thing. I ran across a quote of him saying the same thing, rewriting history. And of course, isn't that what we used to criticize the Soviet Union for doing? Rewriting Russian history to make themselves, to aggrandize themselves. And so that's one of the things that motivated me to do this kind of research. And then you got those. So those are the left-wingers who I'll point to and these so-called right-wingers or whatever you want to call them. The Straussians, led by the late Harry Jaffa and his minions have done a lot to rewrite the same history. And there's a book called The Legacy of the Civil War by Robert Penn Warren, the famous poet and novelist, all the King's men, Robert Penn Warren. And he was asked by Time Magazine to write a book on the centennial of the Civil War in 1960. And one of the things he said in there is that the war gave the US government a treasury of virtue. And by that, he meant whatever the US government did from then on was virtuous by virtue of the fact that it was the US government that was doing it. And he pointed to our interference in World War I and World War II, whatever, Vietnam War.  And then he said, however, to believe this about all this virtue, you have to forget a lot of history. You have to forget that Lincoln, in his first inaugural address, pledged his everlasting support for Southern slavery, even endorsing a constitutional amendment that would have prohibited the federal government from ever interfering with slavery. He began his first inaugural address by promising to never touch slavery. The War Ames Resolution of the United States Congress in 1861 said, we have no intention of disturbing slavery. This is about saving the union. Lincoln said the exact same thing many times, over and over again. You have to ignore all of Lincoln's speeches in a Lincoln Douglas debates where he said, I as much as any man want the superior position to belong to the white race and things of that sort. You have to forget all of that in order to believe in this everlasting virtue of the national government. And the role of the Straussians in this regard is to keep us in the dark about these things. They have rewritten, Jaffa himself rewrote history. His most famous book is all a book about rhetoric. It's a book about Lincoln's speeches. I told someone this morning who was asking me about this that I could probably make Bill Clinton come out as the second coming of Jesus Christ if I only wrote about the prettier sounding lines in some of his speeches as far as that goes. And that's what Jaffa did in his career. His PhD from the University of Chicago after all was in rhetoric. It wasn't in history or anything related to civil war or anything else. And so you have to, Robert Penn Warren was right. You have to forget all these things in order to buy the idea of, especially of this holy national government. And the new conservatives Straussians are proponents of a highly centralized government and the warfare state, especially the war. So you have Foner and Kenneth Stamp rewriting history in order to perpetuate and expand the welfare state. And then you have these neocons, the Claremont Institute of the Straussians rewriting the same history and joining in with Foner and Stamp and the others to empower the warfare state. When the Iraq war started out, they held a conference at the Claremont Institute, by the way, and they said something and Victor Davis Hansen was there and all these luminaries. And they were saying, they were cheering themselves on. They were patting cells on the back for supporting the war in Iraq because they said something to the effect that this is one of our greatest hours to paraphrase Winston Churchill. And because we were at war again, hooray. And so that's who these people were. And so, and they always, they have seen the rewriting of history not only of Lincoln but other things as a key element. As I've said in my writings, the Lincoln mythology is the ideological cornerstone of the American state, in my opinion, personified by the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC, which is covered by the way, inside and eight out with FASIs, F-A-S-C-E-S, the FASIs, the rods held together with straps. And the American, and it was the symbol, you know, FASIs, the word fascism comes from FASIs and they Americanized the FASIs and the Lincoln Memorial by putting cute little American eagles on top of it. If you ever visit the American, so it's sort of a friendly fascism, I guess. You would call that the Lincoln Memorial. And the National Park Service has a publication. I think it's called the true meaning of the Lincoln Memorial and it has the words that they use are, it shows about the importance of authority and the fact that the authorities have the right to punish dissenters, even killing them. Throughout history, this has even involved killing the dissenters, they actually say that in this publication by the National Park Service and this was, the Lincoln Memorial came into being in the 1920s and this was the same period of time when a lot of people kind of like FASIs in America, the American ambassador to Italy, Richard Washburn Child, who was a Harvard graduate like Tom, over here. Will you leave me alone? Was Benito Mussolini's ghost writer and his autobiography, Winston Churchill at the time, said, if I was an Italian, I would have don the black shirt, which was Mussolini's Minions, or black shirts, that was like their uniform. And so this is my theory anyway, and that nobody at that time thought, well wait a minute, FASIs, the fascism wasn't really, it didn't really have a bad reputation in the early 20s like it did by the late 30s and the 40s. And so it was sort of embraced and so my theory anyway is that that's why they're all over the Lincoln Memorial. And so yeah, this stands for authority and I imagine Thomas Jefferson, who also has a memorial on the other end of the ball in DC, would be appalled by this, by this explanation of the meaning of the Lincoln Memorial. And maybe I'll end there, because we only have 10 minutes each or something like that. Go ahead, Tom. Do you mind if I, you're next. Oh, please. Go up there. Thank you. First of all, an apology, I don't know, for some reason, I thought this was just an exclusively Q and A panel and then I realized, oh my gosh, I think I have to prepare something for this. So after lunch, I threw something together, so here it is. All right, so revisionism is a morally neutral term. It simply involves reexamining historical events to see if there had been accurately conveyed and you can be a good revisionist or a bad revisionist and Tom Di Lorenzo just gave you examples of people who were bad revisionists. They looked at a historical narrative and they wanted to change it in order to advance their current day political ambitions. Tom himself is an example of a good revisionist because he just looks at the historical record and he knows that generally the state wants to flatter itself in the way it's portrayed and that includes in the way it's portrayed in history and so he wants to see what exactly happened for real. Now Ryan mentioned the Industrial Revolution and a very nice little book, although of course a lot more research has been done on this subject since this book came out in the 1950s but is a nice little volume edited by F.A. Hayek called Capitalism and the Historians. And in that book, Hayek has an introduction called History and Politics and it's one of my favorite things that Hayek ever wrote. And in there he talks a little bit about the historical controversy about the Industrial Revolution but he also talks more generally about the importance of history when it comes to evaluating current events. He says that if we get history wrong we're gonna get the way we interpret current events wrong. And if we look at history and we think well the 19th century was the century of the robber barons who were monopolists because the free market tends toward concentration and so of course you're gonna have monopolists and they exploited consumers and raised prices and limited production then that's gonna influence the way you think about antitrust law today if you get the historical narrative wrong. So it's important to get history right because history indeed is where so many people look whether they realize it or not to get their current day political views. Indeed, if you look at old photographs or old woodcuts or depictions of people who were working in terrible conditions you think well I guess that's capitalism for you and you remember that from your sixth grade textbook and what you don't remember is the reason people worked in those conditions in those days, it wasn't that the rich people were hoarding all the wealth and they were hoarding all the fancy furniture and all the plasma TVs for themselves and just refusing to share them with everybody. It's that that's what happens when you live in a desperately poor society with very little productivity per capita. That's what happens, it's unavoidable. It's a fact of nature. But as capital accumulation occurs you get out of that problem. So in current events as in history events generally are portrayed in ways that flatter the regime. And we see this all the time in the headlines today. If we didn't have revisionism the headlines of today become the history of tomorrow. And you know how propagandistic even the headlines are, much less the articles. Even the headlines are propaganda. If it weren't for revisionism those headlines would be your history. Now revisionism generally is looked down upon. And of course it would be because the establishment likes the official version. Who are we interlopers to come along and decide that there's a new version of events that we should consider? But the revisionists for example at the time of World War I after that war was over they were not sinister people. To the contrary they very self-consciously imagined themselves as working on behalf of the causes of peace and international understanding. We cannot have the idea that Germany is just a uniquely wicked place. And that's why we had this war take root because then we'll never learn any lessons of anything. If the lesson is, well that one place is really bad. We haven't learned anything about humanity, about war, about the real motivations behind war. And so World War I revisionism that sought to contradict the official decrees of the time that Germany bears sole responsibility and is solely guilty for the outbreak of the war. That whole venture to overturn that and to complicate the question and say reality is much less comic bookish than this was part of a general trend in the 1920s toward bringing about better international understanding. And that involved bringing about the teaching of far more foreign languages that had traditionally been taught in American schools and universities because it was thought that that would advance international understanding. Or the student exchange program where Olaf comes from Sweden and stays in your house and then you understand Sweden better. Well that developed out of the 1920s after World War I also. Even a desire to go back and look at some of the textbooks that were in existence at that time that tended to foster international antagonism by promoting stereotypes about different nationalities. It was thought we have to get rid of that because that's contributing to a lack of international understanding. Revisionism was part of that whole salutary movement. And then of course Ryan mentioned too the Great Depression. If it weren't for revisionism, the only explanation would be, well capitalism just moves in cycles and there was too much wealth disparity between rich and poor so the poor people couldn't afford to buy things and that's why everything collapsed. But given that the collapse was vastly more intense in capital goods industries that produce like machine tools and stuff that no consumer buys, that explanation can't possibly be right so we have to go back and talk about that. The nice thing about the day and age in which we live is that communications are now so rapid and the process of disseminating and acquiring information is now so decentralized that we're observing revisionism occur in real time. As COVID was happening and we got the version of events that said we have this terrible virus and only Dr. Fauci can lead us out of it with masks and social distancing and ruining your life. Simultaneously with that, we had the, this is all BS, look at the charts. Google gives us data about mobility and it turns out that mobility is not corresponding to increased health problems at all. So much for your social distancing solving the problem. And we had all the data coming in and so we were able to give the alternative simultaneously. We don't have to wait three generations for the revisionists to finally come along. We've got it happening simultaneously in real time. Scott Atlas has a book on it, in real time. Or Ukraine, in real time we have Scott Horton telling you this ain't so. We have him telling you that the version of events you're given is meant to feed a certain way of looking at the world, looking at the United States, looking at international relations. Iraq, we got revisionism as it was happening. The housing boom and bust, we got revisionism as it was happening. I wrote a book on it called Meltdown in 2009 saying that the Federal Reserve might have a teensy, weensy bit to do with what's going on here. So again, thanks to all this, we don't have to wait 20 years or 30 years for revisionists to finally say, wait a minute, maybe the new deal didn't solve the Great Depression. That's right, it's happening right now and it's happening in large part thanks to independent-minded institutions like the Mises Institute making possible this great scholarship fighting back against the lies. Thank you. Great, all right, well thank you very much to our panelists.