Thank you for staying with us. It's time to see what the national dailies are saying this morning and taking all the stories making headlines Joining us to review this is Ezekiel Nya Etok. He's a public affairs analyst and is joining us from Akuaibom State. Good morning, sir Thank you for joining us Thanks for having me. Incidentally, I'm from Abuja. Oh, you're from Abuja today. Oh fantastic. How is the seat of power? We hope for the best Okay, okay. Anyways, I want to first say congratulations to you I mean all Nigerians are celebrating right now because Super Eagles won their match against the Bafana Bafana of South Africa. They won the boys, the boys, the boys It's a story we can never tell enough because long ago South Africa loved us and their Grammys and their It was 2-0 with football We would have a lot of bragging rights to South Africa in Africa And let me tell you what deliberate we would have just given the 7-0 You know when the penalty kicks that time they wanted to show that they were good at it We needed to bring it to that point to it to rub it in that we're not only going to beat them that will beat them a penalty Well, I mean, that is that is amazing. I'm glad we're here at this moment Yeah, we cannot wait to see what the finals will be like on Sunday. But yes, I mean The finals is going to be a little emotional in the sense that We know we are going to beat them but you know, because they are the worst, there will be a lot of crying So we are going to see how we are going to manage the situation There's a little bit of you know, human kind, milk of human kindness We may just beat them But allow them to lift the cup and give it to us You're killing me Okay, let's go to our papers this morning Well, the first one what you're looking at is daily trust and it's amazing to know that the picture on this one is Um, the super in goes and there is the rider here or a small headline that says Nigeria beats South Africa It's a set up afcon final with Cody one. I think that's just what we just spoke about now But let's move over to another matter and there's a small headline on top that says forex crisis Nothing for Nigeria as our crude oil sold in advance And this is by the NGF. So our crude oil has been sold in advance. So nothing for us at the moment So even if we're selling right now It's possible that so we're not getting any revenue in what was your thoughts on this one You know, um, I've said this before and I say it again Our understanding of government and governance is so warped that unless we change those things fundamentally We will not make progress Nigerians need to occupy the Office of the citizen and ask questions We must be given very decisive and very definite answers because the the Pensity that that surrounds or shrouds our governance system is not okay We do not know how many barrels of oil that we produce per day We do not know the contracts the forward contracts that we have entered on our crude Where people have already forward sold our crude and collected money Those things and how they deploy such funds. We have no knowledge of so right now We are thinking in terms of um that we are going to can you are you hearing me? Yes. Yes Okay, good. Good. You know, we are thinking in terms of you know Let us ramp up our production or we are trying to multiply our production by the you know the rate of themselves And not knowing that the production in the effective figure Is what remains After you have deducted what you had already forward sold. Let me use that expression And then we don't know how much so at the end of the day one economic indices and analysis our data Are just blind data because they are not based on the realities on ground I think the time has come when This government must sit up and do things right and they may not be able to do it Government runs on what they call lines of least resistance What that means is that you know, I was surprised when I was a vice chairman for the national housing policy review and what was written in that review was the cries of the people woke up government That that that that phrase was there woke up government Which means without the cries of the people they wouldn't have done anything they would have continued So the time has come when we Occupying the office of the citizen must make certain demands. It is our right to know These guys are elected by us to get into the office and hold in trust on our behalf We are the stakeholders and we cannot be the people that don't have privileged information What you call security information is not what we are talking about now. No, no, no There's nothing security about the fact that Nigerians ought to know that as of today We are producing maybe 1.8 million barrels per day Incidentally, we had already seeded 1 million barrels based on certain contracts and obligations we have So we have effectively 800 000 barrels per day Please that figure is speculative. I'm saying for instance, you know, so that nobody quotes that No, we are now going to ask ourselves How can we ramp up from 800 because whatever the figure you have is minus 1 million minus 1 million Nigerians ought to know that then we will not be able to ask a people collectively Know that we are in emergency will even help to guide and track You know those who are selling the ceiling the crude to the end that we get something better So I think that that the situation it comes first from our knowing exactly what the true situation is Knowing the emergency on ground knowing what to have as expectations on the base of that We'll also know what we should also do as citizens because it's going to be a two-part game the government and the citizens Go ahead Okay Well, I have a problem with the fact that you know, we don't even know what we're producing I have a problem with the fact that nmpcl well the world bank has said that nmpcl is not even transparent With the funds that come in the revenue or whatever they get I think it's at this point that we expect a lot more from our government I think is at this point that we expect some form of transparency Because you cannot expect them to trust you when you're not transparent And so I would say that I agree with you on a lot of fronts But anyways, let's move over to something else which is security matters and The major headline on the daily trust this morning says bandits threaten to marry bride Sell to itself 62 wedding guests and they demand a hundred million Naira ransom So we're talking about security a lot of times here and we're seeing this grow Almost on a daily basis where people are getting kidnapped People are being killed and I just want to know what your take On this is because I'm sure it's a song that has been Song for so long You know two things If you see a child boldly challenging you Look well The father is somewhere Right If you see a child boldly challenging you You don't need to look for the father is somewhere And there's a child that ordinarily I mean I mean what would give him the audacity the mendacity the animal boldness the f1 tree To even talk to you like come now come now It's because Look well just look well. You see the father then you turn and say, okay.  In greek what it says is I'll say it in greek and then he says A door in edinie again bad. Is he woman came up? That's great But then translated The child that has nothing to fear never amounts to anything That means is that we need to let mr. President know that even we that are his supporters They are lines. We will not cross Why am I saying this? The president if today The president says if I perish I perish To hell with 2027 Who knows if I will even leave till that let me have today And for the sake of my generations unborn put my name on the sons of time And make history as that man that was willing to lay down his life to rescue this country one two three policies Can bring us back to life number one Very simple I said this before and I repeat it today I wanted to be a governor of aqua bomb said as peaceful as we are aqua bomb has 200 329 words or 368 depending on which one you want to use I mapped aqua bomb into 500 concentric circles Each of them to be covered by five drones If you have 500 times five it gives you 2,500 Okay, uh, it gives you 25,000 Now what is 25,000? That I cannot manage Very effectively Nigeria has 774 Local government Why don't I map each of this local government into 20 drone centers? And if you multiply that it gives you about maybe about 70,000 And make it a hundred thousand engage our young people And there's nothing that happens in any part of Nigeria That I do not see real time in less than five minutes Instead of the police saying oh, they called us we're running here Then we discovered it was at the wrong place We now run there we discovered it was the wrong place that excuse can be eliminated completely By mapping Nigeria into drone centers where you have a young people You train them you have situational rooms and when there's a phone call all you need is to activate that drone center And then they give you with it Just the knowledge of what I've just said that is going to be done The the the terrorists will have a meeting and say bros You be like say this game is over But instead you're talking of challenging terror no problem. Let it be whatever terrain. They will just give you a call and say my guy Check your phone.  It's something that is so simple and yet so effective and yet so much within the cost This is not going to all these things. I'm saying we'll buy it We'll have less than cost of one of those You know, um, Tocano jets that we're going to buy, but you know why they may not be Nigerians like big contracts people in government and this is security is big business for some people Please I want a Nigerian to come on here and challenge that what I've just said is not practical or does it make sense Oh, well, um, I When criminals become criminals, they should be called criminals EFCC came up the other day and said it's a religious sect that has been siphoning money and and Giving to terrorists and all that they shouldn't just call them religious sect Because I'm not sure there's a religious sect sect that Uh, teaches their people to be criminals. So if they are criminals, just call them criminals and Leave out the sentiments and all that and they will come and tell us that they have so many names If they if they cough this Nigeria will burn and all that let them start telling us what these names are Well, you just tell us Yes, they say they have a list and they are not telling us this list. Anyway five months Let's let's move on Which part of our constitution? Gives immunity to religious sects You know, I'm an architect. Maybe I don't know this Call them what you may But please tell me why you have not prosecuted those people Tell me why your hands are tight Tell me why you're coming on national television To tell me how helpless you are.  Let me tell you something about protest Protest starts from people who are who mean well Who are really unhappy who are very upset who want to make their voices heard But then there is a group of Nigerians Who every day they pass by this shop And come to ask how much for a tin of milk They realize that the thing is not within their their their reach anymore And they are dying of hunger. They are working hard. They are not lazy youths. They are giving their very best Their best cannot give them a square mile a day And then there is a protest Naturally human instinct is about self-preservation So without meaning any ill so to speak They say well, when we use this chance college is milk a drinker So what happens it now becomes we Shots of honest Nigerians are getting looted What do you do you stop it from happening? How do you stop it? Mr. President has to have an emergency meeting with wise men Look for wise men who give you wise counsel And within hours so to speak make a national broadcast and say one two three things You know, I think it was Winston Churchill that says that hope is the anchor that stabilizes the soul If Nigerians can see the light at the end of the tunnel if they can see hope in what you're trying to bring Nigerians are the most patient people on earth incidentally today Mr. President is starting a new project, you know of delivering houses to Nigerians And I'm privileged to be in that system and the commissioning is today Now we have to sit down and ask ourselves some more for general reasons our chairman We have to ask ourselves are we in for another writing report Or are we in for another? After Shagari housing they will now say Chinooko housing where Nigerians can see houses being delivered If we take that on housing then healthcare professionals also get together and give a package on healthcare Security consultants also get together give a package on security and these things are unleashed as of today This is my program on housing and this is what we're going to do Immediately I'll come later and give you what we're doing Central, you know imprints that we are doing because enough is enough. We've got to fix Nigeria together That hope alone and emitted by what they can see and sincerity or purpose can be the beginning of turning Nigeria around for good Okay. Well, let's move to the Guardian newspaper court orders federal government to fix prizes inflation as agitation heightens That is on page six of the guardian newspaper What's your take follow note took the federal government to court and Mentioned some items that need their prizes fixed and he quoted the relevant sections in the price control board Or act and all that so this is where we are Federal government needed to be taken to court to realize they need to fix some prizes so that people can survive You see I'll tell you something If you make a hundred thousand error I do not disclose that amount to your wife depending on the woman And depending on how you have been over the past years As you mean you've been stingy you've been greedy you'll be very very inconsiderate and then you now Change and say I want to be a good husband So you made a hundred thousand you came back to the house and gave your wife twenty thousand Without her knowing the details This one says For this man to give me twenty thousand He must have nothing less than five million And as a result she does not appreciate it and she's like why why not this but if you have been transparent and honest with her And she knows that a hundred thousand has come and you give her twenty She will now likely tell you that you know the school fees. You know there's this so this housekeeping Let me take ten. Let's see how we can manage it that comes because she is informed on your finances As are today Nigeria has A need of a hundred thousand error But the resources available to Nigeria is only twenty thousand error The need level is a hundred thousand But the funds available is ten twenty thousand So the needs of Nigeria cannot be met But because government has been very opaque government has not been transparent We are expecting teachers one salary increase Understandably workers one salary increase Understandably we want petroleum. Uh, whatever restored, you know subsidy restored We say NEPA bill is too high. Uh, phcn bill is too high. We have to subsidize If you bring all these subsidies together and increases it will come to Two hundred thousand whereas we have Twenty thousand. So what am I trying to say? this That our brother our god fallon has gone to Make make the price control Justice is good, but the question is From where I'll give you two illustrations or maybe just one. I'm an architect. I have an estate I went to the bank money by pleading You know My right arm and a part of my brain to get that money and I build the houses the prices are going up cement started from Less than 300 when I started the estate and now it's a seven thousand Now the people that I initially sold even though that god gave me the wisdom initially sold the houses to Imagine somebody that I sold the house to for seven million And today the delivery cost of that particular house is 20 million I'd already collected 50 percent. I had signed a contract with the person So it's also paying me the balance of 3.5 million It cannot be that house They have a contract with the man So the question is you now want to come and control how much I should sell the rest of the houses for Will you also come and take up the loan? That I took from the bank and say I take the loan I take the asset I control and I give my people you can't do that because that's another property subsidy You don't have the money So the issue is the intention is right, but the resources are just not available So it's not going to be just sheable. It's not going to work It's going to be an exercise in futility great exercise But the question is how do we come to appreciate this fundamentals and attract or attack the issue from first principles Why is our economy the way it is? Why do we have foreign exchange problem? What can we do? One of the things that we can do is to just go local How can we go local when a national assembly is buying Prado? And yet there's heroism How can we go local when all our government people are going abroad for treatment? And yet we are dying here at home How can we go local when all our schools at home? You can't you can't tell when your child get you can't even tell when your child gets into school because They have some food that had admission But because of strike it's been deferred and deferred And when they eventually enter the school You don't know when they'll be leaving the school So you patronize foreign schools How can we do this except let me end on this My pastor is um Pastor oba equipment and the father was the former vice president of Nigeria When the man the father was made a vice president Who was an extremely Comfortable Nigeria I mean everybody as an architect we knew about equipment associates. I mean he was doing well You know what he did? He said I cannot be a vice president and my children are schooling abroad He recalled their children his children to come back to Nigeria and the children were like I don't believe this What sort of man is this? Okay, just tell me who you government money which you have pay upfront and let me say no And I need to lead by example. So he brought the children back to Nigeria and the school here in Nigeria That pastor equipment as my pastor He was in Nigeria school here in Nigeria and it's his first son Is food here in Nigeria with the father as the vice president of the federal republic of Nigeria The reverse is the case today even local government chairman Their families abroad Not to talk about Thank you families abroad So why can't why can't we have to start to Have the equanimous back to Nigeria and to know my my my president Can show example Can show example Last time I said here move from region to region Be the Nigeria president And show us that you are passionate about Nigeria. You love Nigeria. You care about Nigeria And your whole blood is Nigeria by so doing You would have started to sow the seed of patriotism in nationalism Not through legislation but by example and role modeling. Yeah, well, please somebody This is not possible. I don't know how that example will come. He just came back from a private trip two weeks to France with Air force one of Nigeria with Nigeria's funds and all that so I don't know how that example will come But it's unfortunate. We cannot continue from this point We would like to draw the curtain here on this segment. We always wish we had more time to talk on the Headlines on our papers, but we'd like to thank you architect for coming on the show this morning. Thank you Thanks so much. So if you are looking for some this morning, then thank you. Thank you. Nigeria won. So why wouldn't we look awesome? Thank you so much All right, you've been speaking to Ezekiel Iyer et al and he's a public affairs analyst But he was joining us from Abuja. We'll go on a short break and when we return we'll be looking at our hot topics So please say with us


I am Ilka Jagle, working as assistant professor in Wolchen Institute of Technology, Solabor. Today we are going to see introduction to SILAP learning outcome. At the end of this session, student will be able to recognize various toolbars of SILAP software. So, these are the contents of today's activity, free software, introduction to SILAP, environment of the SILAP, SILAP menu bar, SILAP features, SILAP operators, SILAP functions, SILAP toolbox. So, let's see what is a free software? Software is known as a free software, if it provides some kind of freedom. Our software generally provides a full kind of freedom to its user. First one, the freedom to run the software anywhere, anyway. Second, the freedom to copy and distribute. Third, the freedom to access to the source code and the freedom to access to the source code of the software. The freedom to modify and redistribute. So, let's see what is SILAP and what do you mean by SILAP? SILAP is pronounced as SILAP, that is scientific and lab laboratory. It is a free and open source software. It is user-friendly, numerical and computational package. SILAP is available for various operating systems, such as Windows, Linux and Max OS. So, you can find out, you can find free software on the website, www.silap.org and www.silap.in. So, figure one shows the SILAP logo. So, as we have discussed, SILAP is a free and open source software. SILAP was created in 1990 by the researchers and it was initially named as SILAP. Due to free availability, users can see and modify the source code, distribute and improve the source code and use the software for any purpose. So, due to the free availability, researchers, institutions and academic individuals can take the benefit of the SILAP software. I just want to ask you a question. So, you just think on why there is a necessity of SILAP or why you should choose the SILAP software. Just pause the video for few seconds and think what is the necessity of SILAP and why you should choose SILAP software. So, let's see, as we have discussed, it's a free and open source software. The syntax of the SILAP is very easy. Numerical problems can be easily solved with a reduced number of code lines as compared to traditional languages. There is a very large user community that uses and supports the SILAP by contributing in the form of mailing list, use net groups and websites. So, let's see the environment of SILAP. SILAP consists of mainly four windows, console window, editor window, graphics window and help window. So, let's see what is console window. So, console window is a window for the calculation work. Editor window is used to write the programs. Graphic window is used to plot the graphs. When you want to plot a graph, a new window pop-ups where you can see the graph plotted on that graphic window and help window. Here you can ask the queries which you are facing during the SILAP functioning or SILAP operations. And there's also an offline mode where you can ask the questions and you can see it's also have a function where you can function it very properly. So, this is how the console window of SILAP looks. So, here you see there's a variable browser comment history and there's a space for calculation work. This is the editor window of SILAP. Here, programs are written and the execution is done. So, graphics window of SILAP, 2D plot, 3D plots can be plotted on this graphic window. This is a help window of SILAP. If you have any doubt regarding any function, just type that function name in the search bar and you will get the detail of that functions in the help window. These are the SILAP menu bar. So, there are six menu bars in the SILAP. File menu, this is same as the other software packages which are used. Edit menu, in this edit menu, you can cut, copy, paste, select all, control menu. In this control menu, you can resume, interrupt or abort the functioning of the SILAP. Control preference menu. In this, the color, font and tool view bar history can be shown. Application menu. In this, there is SILAP 2 MATLAB converter and in this application menu, there is also a psychos SILAP 2 application. In the last menu, there, the last menu consists of the SILAP help. There you can, last menu, it consists of SILAP demonstrations which are very easy for the beginners who are trying the first time operation on the SILAP. These are the SILAP features. SILAP can perform many features such as arithmetic, relational, logical and matrix. Control systems, image and video processing, real-time and real-time control of hardware, interfacing data acquisition, simulation and plotting. SILAP can perform the following operations, arithmetic operations, relational or conditional operations, logical operations, matrix operation. The basic matrix operations like inverse, triangular, transpose, eigenvalues and eigenvector operations. So these are the SILAP functions. SILAP consists of many functions like elementary functions, mathematical functions, logical like and or not and complement trigonometric functions like sine, cos, tan, inverse trigonometric functions and hyperbolic functions. So these are the toolboxes which SILAP contributes. There are different toolboxes for different tasks such as SILAP image and video processing, psychos, labostrat, SILAP wavelet toolbox, SILAP java and dotnet module, SILAP remote access module. So these are the references, modeling and simulation in SILAP psychos by Stephen Campbell. This is a book and the book by Hema Chandran and Nair. Thank you.


The Willamette River Valley is home to most of Oregon's citizens and a center of Oregon's economy. Its landscape is also a riverscape. The Willamette River ties together forested uplands, fertile agricultural lowlands, and fast-growing urban areas including Eugene and Portland. It provides habitat for salmon and steelhead as they migrate to and from the North Pacific Ocean. It is a major tributary in the Columbia Basin, which drains much of the Pacific Northwest. The valley is about 180 miles long and 100 miles wide, encompassing just under 12,000 square miles. Its formation began millions of years ago when collisions of tectonic plates and volcanic eruptions formed the coast in cascade ranges. These mountains now cradle the valley and support abundant forests important to Oregon's timber industry. Over 15,000 years ago, the valley began to fill a sediment left by major floods at the Columbia River, catastrophic by today's standards. Ice dams formed huge lakes in western Montana. Repeatedly over millennia, these ice dams collapsed, releasing enormous loads of water, ice, rock, and sediments down the Columbia and up into what is today the Willamette Valley. Later, these lake sediments were covered by alluvium, deposited during Willamette River flooding events. Today, these soils provide some of the best lands for agricultural production in Oregon. Farmers in the valley lead the world in rye grass seed and bushberry production, contributing to the culture and economy of the valley. Only 150 years ago, the river was a complex network of primary channels, side channels, and backwater areas. During winter floods, the river spread out over the lowlands, inundating over 300,000 acres of the valley. The Willamette is a managed river. 11 major reservoirs on tributaries to the river control floodwaters, provide irrigation water and power. These dams and other river controls have altered the system's natural hydrology and brought about some significant changes. The effects on the river include increased bank erosion, loss of riparian areas, and decreased native fish populations. Indeed, 30% of native fish species are endangered, threatened, or sensitive. With the areas projected growth trends, the pressure on the Willamette River and its watershed will only increase. As in other areas of the country, development outside of urban boundaries places a huge footprint on the land. Scientists, planners, and land managers are exploring new ways to consider the health of the watershed, while still meeting the expanding demands of society. Salmon play a major role in the economy, politics, and culture of the Willamette Valley as they do in all of the Pacific Northwest. The status of their populations is an effective indicator of the health of the landscape. Over the last century, populations of Pacific salmon species have declined dramatically throughout their ranges in Northern California and the Pacific Northwest. The habitats of these fish extend all the way from the cold water streams of Idaho, Washington, Oregon, California, British Columbia, and Alaska. So it includes those freshwater streams, the rivers that these streams run into, the estuaries that the rivers run into before they meet the sea, and the North Pacific Ocean. It's a huge area of almost 1.5 million square miles. Because the life history stages of salmon are so far-reaching and cover such a broad area, the management of their populations and their habitats is as complex as their life cycles are. Management issues traverse international boundaries, state and federal boundaries, private land and federal land boundaries, and socioeconomic realities of dealing with all of these complexities. There are a number of significant anadromous fishes associated with our watersheds. The historic runs of salmon and steelhead on these streams are, of course, well-known, and with all of the impacts over the years. The fish are struggling in a number of ways, and so much of the work here is associated with water quality and restoring habitat so that the salmon and steelhead will be able to survive. Practices within the watershed not only adjacent to the river, but on the uplands above the river that can affect water quality and therefore habitat include grazing practices. There should be a good, wide buffer of riparian vegetation, riparian forest vegetation, in the case of the Lamont Valley, to protect the river, the riparian ecology and the processes that happen between the river and the land to protect not only the river, but the uplands as well. We're finding more and more that restoring ecological processes is much more effective at restoring salmon populations and water quality for humans than putting band-aids on rivers to keep them from flooding. Different species of Pacific salmon have used these watersheds in the Willamette Basin and all over the Pacific Northwest for hundreds of thousands of years. And they have withstood drought and floods and fires and earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, and they have persisted through all that time. And now they are faced with the challenges of what human impacts and land use impacts have placed on them. And they are an indicator of the resilience and the sustainability of an entire landscape. So for that reason alone, we think they are probably well worth protecting and their watersheds are worth protecting. The salmon are a wonderful icon and something that can motivate us and give us a sort of a visual, historical center perhaps. But it's overdone in the sense that the salmon are just part of a complex ecosystem. It's a great icon, but somehow we have to get our nose out of the river and look to the sides. Throughout the valley, progress is being made in improving the overall health of the watershed. John Miller truly sees the big picture when reading landscapes. His work spans the globe in the area of watershed restoration. In the Willamette Valley, he is involved in sustainable housing developments, the native plant nursery, and long-term planning initiatives. In a public sense, I'm involved in several volunteer efforts and in a private sense, we have several companies that are focused upon Willamette activities or related activities. We have Mahonia Vineyards and Nursery, which is a nursery which produces native plants and grape vines and grafts grape vines. And then Wildwood is an urban design and development firm that does urban developments. And we try to make both of those operations adhere to sustainable principles. I think too often we tend to separate our activities into sort of identifiable spheres and not look at them as a whole. And in this case, we're sitting in an urban development and it's adjacent to an agricultural operation as well. And the responsibility is on both of those operations to act responsibly and sustainably. It's a black twinberry. Growing native plants and using them in the landscape has lots of benefits. You don't have to use as much water generally. You don't have to use as much in the way of pesticides or herbicides. They don't take much maintenance because they grow fine as they are. It's a little more unruly looking in some cases, but I think that's part of the charm. Well, this is a Chardonnay vine and it's grafted onto a root stock that is naturally resistant to the root weevil that kills grape vines. In the public arena in 1996, Governor Kitzhaber asked me to chair his Willamette Basin Task Force, which was a group, a very diverse group of folks, including farmers and foresters and urban planners and government folks, conservation groups. And we basically looked at the Willamette Basin and said, how do we deal with the health of the watershed? And we very carefully defined watershed as from ridgetop to ridgetop, not just the water between the banks. And we came up with about three basic principles which include looking at the watershed as a whole, acting as a community instead of 110 separate jurisdictions in the basin, and also having a strategic framework to guide future actions. Miller realizes the complexity of sustaining the health of landscapes. He also understands the future of this valley hinges on tackling the biggest issue of all, growth. Farming is so much. Farming is in a decline, at least as we know it. And I'm afraid that's a trend, not a cycle. And so here we are with this huge growth looking at the valley in the face, probably a doubling in the next 40 years. And it's going to be hard enough to accommodate that gracefully with the laws we have, but the real problem is going to be the economics. Farm, farmland economically, it's going to be much more attractive for urban development. So the sprawl, in theory, can get worse. And there'll be a lot of pressure. The pressure of the level we've never known before in the valley to eat up farmland and forest land for cities. If we're going to change the form of our cities and our farms and our forests, we're going to have to listen to nature and use scientific data and change people's habits and do a whole bunch of stuff that is not always going to be predictable when it comes together. Learning about that process takes a great deal of commitment, time and vision. To help crystallize that vision and provide accurate and clear information for decision-makers, scientists have turned to digital technology. Stream ecologists Dan Gregory and landscape architect David Hulse are working together to create a virtual time machine fueled by historical and derived data. This new tool allows decision-makers and citizens to see the changes that have occurred in the Willamette Valley. Vegetation data collected by land surveyors in the 1850s were programmed into mapping software. Then Hulse was able to accurately simulate the past in a virtual flyover of the valley as it was 150 years ago. It was a much more complex system than today. The river's many channels overflowed into the lowlands during the annual winter rains, exchanging nutrients with the land. These floods also distributed sediments in the river and renewed wetlands and riparian forests with native seedlings. Flood waters felled riparian trees and carried them in haphazard fashion to the channels and flood plains. There, they became habitat for fish and other aquatic life. Calmer water in sloughs and side channels served as refuge for fish and curved the erosive power of the faster-moving water in the main channels. Mixed forests of trees and shrubs frame the channels, providing important habitat for wildlife. Wetlands and oak savannas added diversity to the valley's habitats. Go. Then Hulse turns the dials to the future and creates three visions of what this valley could become under plausible scenarios crafted by local stakeholders. For example, the conservation scenario places greater emphasis on ecosystem protection and restoration, while reflecting a reasonable balance between ecological, cultural and economic considerations. The differences are subtle, yet important in terms of the watershed's health. So what we see in the conservation scenario is that we are not envisioning a return to the 19th century conditions. What instead the conservation scenario is representing is a version of the future in which many of the ecological functions of the river that have been lost could be regained, while simultaneously allowing people to still get economic returns from the lands they own and manage. These scenarios are intended to give Oregonians a unique perspective on which to base their land-use decisions, decisions that will bring about the future they get. Currently, some elements of that old meandering river are closer to being restored. The Willamette needs room to move, but that need must take into account the landowners directly influenced by the river. This site represents one of the challenges of the interaction of riverine systems and human property values. Rivers are dynamic. Their channels are constantly changing as they erode material at one place and at the other. This provides critical habitats and provides nutrient exchange, food resources. It's a very important part of the way that rivers maintain their health, but it obviously creates huge problems for property owners. This is a site that was flooded in the flood of 1996, and the Willamette river cut a new channel through its floodplain, creating, again, as we see, complex habitat, large wood, fast water, slow water, and refuge in future floods. This is an important property of the river system, but how do landowners cope with this kind of channel change that cuts through their production property? One of the concepts that has been explored is the concept of meander corridors in which incentive systems, rental agreements, leases, property easements are used to allow the landowners to obtain resources or funds from their land, but dedicate it to dynamics of riverine systems and allow rivers to function naturally. This also can be coupled to the hydrologic restoration of rivers where we allow rivers to flood more and try not to control them quite as much, but this requires that the landowners be willing to accept the changes that are bound to occur during those floods. But this allows the river to come up, to the flood plains, and then to drop rapidly back into its channels. Quite different than the process that we see with flood control where quite often these rivers are maintained within bankful conditions for long periods of time with the channel eroding constantly right on that one confined bank and it's staying at flood flow for one to two weeks whereas normally it might come down in three to four days. So the approaches that we've talked about allow the river system and allow for restoration of flood plain forest to interact with those more dynamic channels. Many landowners are reinventing how they work the land. They're trying new ideas and sometimes discarding the practices of the past to create a more sustainable future. The Willamette Valley has some of the richest farmland in the world and Bill Chambers owns a piece of it. How he and his family have chosen to farm illustrates how alternative sustainable practices can compete in the local marketplace. Our farm is located here in the Willamette Valley. We're right in the flood plain. The river is just behind me here. The business is a row crop farming operation and then also a food processing facility where we take the crops that we grow and process them and freeze them with the idea being that we minimize the amount of energy used to transport the products to a processing facility. Any of the waste that is produced as part of the food processing stays on the farm. We use the wastewater for irrigation and then any of the processing waste is collected and either turned into compost and spread back out on the farm or we send that to a feedlot where it's used for feeding cattle and then we take that waste the cattle waste compost it and bring it back to the farm here is nutrient. So we're trying to cycle nutrients in as big a circle as we possibly can. For us the soil is not just a mineral sponge where we're putting in and taking out nutrients but it's actually an ecosystem where we're putting in the dominant species to manage and take care of the other species in the soil that's part of that ecosystem. Well one of the things that we're doing is trying to minimize the amount of tillage organic matter is very important to our growing crops it's where all of the nutrient reactions occur between the plant and the soil is through the organic matter so we're trying to preserve that and what we found is that tillage tends to combust or burn that because it exposes the organic matter to more oxygen and over time the organic matter in the soil declines. As an example of some of the alternatives that we use besides pesticides is planting cilantro in with our cauliflower and broccoli it's there to attract predatory insects to the field it's a predator-prey relationship and you have to keep the predators healthy for them to keep the prey under control. We still have small pockets of insects that cause these problems but we balance the cost of the insecticide against the damage that they do and we're so far ahead because of the savings on pesticides that we can live with some patches where the soil pests get ahead of the predators but it doesn't happen very long. Further away from the river nestled in the foothills of the Oregon coast range the Buchanan Century Farm is home to Taiyi wine cellars. Its rich soils and moderate cool climate have been likened to the great wine growing region They are well known for their award-winning Pinot Noir and they are also well known for their awareness and sensitivity to the local landscape. The Wyoming Valley at one time had large runs of salmon and steelhead and lots of wild cutthroat trout over the years some of those runs have dwindled and farmers in the valley are trying to with different programs trying to enhance and restore some of those salmon and steelhead and those cutthroat populations we at Taiyi wine cellars are trying to do our part by actually becoming enrolling in a program called salmon safe and what we're doing is planting in fact I'll show you here there's some tall grass here that we've got right along with Psi we used to spray roundup right in the rows we always mowed the aisle ways but the actual rows we used to just have bare ground because of roundup and we've planted a it's actually a hard fescue and it's a fairly low growing grass and it creates a nice carpet so the weeds don't take over but at the same time it keeps all the soil on the hillside and a lot of grapes are growing pretty steep hillside and by having this grass here the actual soil stays on the hillside where it belongs so it's good for the farmer it also doesn't go into the stream if you get sediment or soil in the stream you're going to have problems with the gills of the rearing fish you also have problems with spawning areas some of the gravel will get covered and it will get plugged up with sediment so that's a problem so in a sense by doing this we're helping the salmon we're helping our farm and it's a marketing tool because we can put on our wine bottles that we are salmon safe they encourage winery visitors to enjoy the natural beauty of their farm along a nature trail that winds through their native valley wetland and woodland habitats my family has had a heritage for over 100 years because they've kept over 100 acres of native woods along the creek and protected those native woods having the trees right next to the stream will cool those streams so we're planting a lot of native trees such as ash some local ponderosa pine some native cotton woods some people might think of a little crazy to get out there and plant trees but planting trees really gives me pleasure and in addition to that it's kind of a form of life after death because in a sense you know that those trees are going to be there long after you're pushing up daisies on the Buchanan farm the stewardship lessons of the generations have not been lost my dad died in 1968 but I think he'd be pretty happy now with this wetland reserve program that we set up because one of the things we're doing is the original meander, we're going back to that original meander so we're going to take out the straightened part of the stream and have the stream go back to the original meander and that's something I think he'd be proud of and I have a real hope that my daughter will be the fifth generation on the farm and my son too, but I think my daughter has more interest in it I just have a hope that she'll continue that heritage and she has a big strong interest right now in sustainability in protecting small farms and it's going to be exciting to see that continue at the gar farm, bed and breakfast guests could wander miles of trails through forests meadows and restored native wetlands the farm demonstrates land management strategies that restore and enhance the natural habitat Rob Tracy of the NRCS worked closely with the gar family throughout this restoration Ted and Harriet's interests are very broad primarily associated with ecological function and creating habitat that has been lost in the Willamon Valley so this is quite a unique property in that Ted and Harriet's property runs from the ridge which is heavily forested down across the foothill actually to the creek and the wetlands associated with the creek and that riparian corridor so we essentially have almost an individual watershed which gives us the opportunity to work with the number of plant communities and land uses as well as kind of model a larger watershed in changing our focus and actually our management we've turned towards natural habitat our interest included the plants and recovery of native plants in the area and we just let the wetlands recover on their own and we found that there was a great diversity of seeds in the seed bank that have been here for a number of years this place has been farmed since European settlement and it had been drained with a tile drainage system and chemicals and monoculture cropping that we know of intensively for 40 years so these seeds seem to have been ready for the situation I guess that somebody said build it and then we'll come or something like that well it's kind of the way it was here we found that the uplands were as equally or more important than even the water and so that inspired us to do some upland ponds and we have taken wet spots on the hills and created intermittent ponds that actually are used by tree frogs and red-legged frogs have been found up there you see them on a hot day jump in when you walk beside some of these ponds a few of them hold water throughout the year and so we think those are kind of heat refuge spots and so we felt that enhancing the uplands for amphibians was real helpful to them landscapes include our backyards and our backyards influence landscapes even small scale projects can make a difference home to their family business the purse property demonstrates an energetic vision for restoration of a natural wetland their investment of time and energy led to an appreciation of the abundance of wildlife that are dependent on wetland habitat so this project got going because we recognized that the field should have been wet and we wanted to make it wetter the place was right and that it was a really specific soil type that holds moisture in a way you can't imagine just a little bit of water and you get a puddle, it does not drain after a while you figure out what works and we've had lots of success with ash we're having good success with maple trees some spruce and willow lots and lots of willow there's something about restoring a place to wet that's pretty exciting because water changes the character of your property a lot as the river flows through time the Willamette Valley is ever changing the forces of nature and those of humans are all connected in determining what the valley becomes the challenges here seem daunting but through collaboration and a new understanding of this complex system of water shed we are more likely to sustain its people natural resources and landscape we try not to farm with a formula we try to have our eyes open all the time and say how can we make this better what is the best way to do that the real key to all of these efforts is doing something on the ground actually changing our habits that results in changes in the landscape we just have the ethic that we're stewards here on this piece of ground that we want to leave it in a better condition than when we found it and when we started farming here


what grade elementary school middle school there you go we just have a big old barbecue and uh giving away school supplies there you go the last couple years have been extremely stressful for policing across the country including our department have fun this year this barbecue is is our way of saying thank you and at the same time we want to make sure that our young people get a good start in school school supplies we start on monday a notebook dividers for the miners a folder this is where we keep our pencils in a couple pencils and crayons we don't have enough school supplies so we had to get some you know if some child shows up at school without school supplies it's likely they will be singled out it's important that every child has something to take with them to school the first day here you go thank you thank you i'm just excited to see dpt to be out here shaking hands getting to know the community appreciate you oh you're welcome and the community getting to know law enforcement who protects us how you doing i'm good how are you good how are you ma'am how you doing nice meeting thanks for being here it's good to see that there's good officers out there since right now in today's age they're trying to put a bad name on law enforcement so i i definitely appreciate what's going on today i got it just so incredibly important for how do you make them go our police force to connect with people in the community three two one phenomenal day a great day good job i could not be happier