QuickBooks Online 2023. Progress invoicing example 2. Recognize revenue for month number 3 and invoice client for month number 4. Get ready to earn the skills needed to boost your bank books on up with QuickBooks Online. Support Accounting Instruction by clicking the link below giving you a free month membership to all of the content on our website broken out by category further broken out by course. Each course then organized in a logical reasonable fashion making it much more easy to find what you need than can be done on a YouTube page. We also include added resources such as excel practice problems PDF files and more like QuickBooks backup files when applicable. So once again click the link below for a free month membership to our website and all the content on it. Here we are in our QuickBooks Online test company file we started up in a prior presentation remembering we're in the accountant view as opposed to the business view you can toggle between the two views by going to the cog up top and switching the view down below we're going to duplicate some tabs to put reports in by right clicking the tab up top to duplicate right clicking the tab up top again to duplicate again back to the tab to the middle reports on the left hand side we want to open up the balance sheet as that's thinking tab to the right reports on the left this time the profit and loss closing the hand buggy changing the range we want to go from 010125 to 0632 5 i want to see it on a month by month side by side for the month by month and run it that's what we have thus far tapping to the left we're going to close the hand buggy changing the range in 010125 to 0632 5 and let's see this by a class is breaking out a lot of we want a classy report a lot of class happening here okay then we're going to go to the first tab we're going to then go down to the projects on the left hand side and let's go into the projects so we're within the projects so let's recap what we've done thus far in our excel worksheet because it's a little bit easier to tell the story so we started with an estimate we gave out the estimate total of the estimate was the 100,000 when the job was accepted we wanted a $10,000 down payment so we didn't record revenue but build the client for the 10,000 and then we recorded expenses for the month of operation that actually started on month two uh and these were actual expenses that we recorded we recorded expenses for month number three and we recorded the related revenue not not in alignment with our billing structure but rather in alignment with the percentage completion concept that we did with this calculation here and then on month number three we did the same thing we we basically calculated our actual expenses and then we had this percentage of completion and now we want to be calculating or recording the revenue so let's just recap by the way I I did not record this last bit in our excel worksheet although we did do it in QuickBooks so we'll record that here now when we did the work here and we'll record that on I'm going to say 331 and it's going to be cost a good sold for all the stuff that we did material labor overhead I'm going to put in a cost to get sold for the 19 total 19 527 the other side let's add some more blue space I'm going to need some more blue spaces and let's say let's just add one more for now to and then we'll add some more after after after okay and then the other side's going to cost a good sold we just paid cash cash went out the door for to get it done all right and then if I record that over here I'm just going to say cost a good sold is right here I'm going to say f2 plus f2 f2 and that's going to be 19 527 and then the checking f2 plus f2 and there we go and so now we're back in balance and notice here when I do this in like a little worksheet format we can only see this we know we can't break it out by month so that's why in in in QuickBooks it's nice that we have this revenue that can be broken out over here on a month by month so we kind of add a dimension in like the database program the total still coming out to the 16 uh 15 621 for that time frame that we could see in our little worksheet 15 but it gives us some more dimensions in QuickBooks although it adds complexity to do so because we have to deal with these forms and whatnot in order to calculate these journal entries all right so now we're going to recognize the revenue so I recorded this on our side if I go to this first tab and we look at these the costs for example as we can go into the costs of good sold and we had these expenses that we entered and when I entered this expense item I made it billable now when I say billable and I did a 30 markup we're not going to actually give the bill to the client because we're billing the client based on our billing structure here that we came up with uh that we came up with in accordance with our estimate so but we are going to make it billable so that we can then record the revenue with an invoice because the invoice is typically the form used to record revenue so now we're going to pull this into an invoice not so we can give it to the client but so we can record the revenue in our QuickBooks system so let's go back to our projects project number two close the hamburger and then I'm going to say we're just going to make an invoice and the invoice is not going to come from the estimate because that's what I'm using when I actually want to give the invoice to the client but rather I'm going to pull in these billable items which is going to help me to calculate the actual revenue on a percentage of completion kind of concept so if I go through this thing here and say okay that's good and this is going to happen on we'll say 331 okay and so now it pulled in the materials labor and overhead and put it into and then it did the markup over here and so that looks good now the invoice is typically going to be increasing the accounts receivable and the other side is going to be assigned by these line items revenue for our purpose is what do we want to have happen we want the revenue to be going up but we want the other side to go to work in process so if I see that on this side on on our excel sheet we're going to let's do this on our excel sheet so I had my 19 527 the percent completion is that divided by my total estimated cost not including the markup that I'm going to say here and then we're going to say if I multiply that percent times the total revenue then the revenue that I should be recognizing related to that cost should be 25 385 so if I was to do a journal entry down here let's add a little bit more blue so I can do it and then I'll we'll make another area to enter because I'm getting too far down but one more one more transactions down here just one more 331 we're going to say I'm going to put the revenue on top even though it's a credit because that's the first thing I think about right so I'm going to say the revenue is a credit of that 19 of not 19 of the 25 385 and then the other side I don't want it going to to accounts receivable but rather work in process which is easy to do from a journal entry standpoint but we have to do a little bit more fun agling a little bit more fun nesting on the quick book side if I want to use an invoice instead of a journal entry which I do and so that's what we will do so well let's go back up top and record this I'm going to go into the revenue say f2 plus f2 and go down 25 385 and the other side was going to work in process the whip account f2 plus f2 and work in process boom so that puts us back in balance here that's what we do want to do but if I record this in quick books again you could do it with a journal entry to just record a journal entry but I'd like to have my revenue typically recorded within voices because that's the form so sometimes when I look at my reports and and track the revenue recording the journal entries are useful for that and it's also easier sometimes to assign it to the classes and the projects and and be able to sort the information also by project and customer so we have our our invoice laid out here but I needed to make it go to work in process so all I'm going to do is tweak this bottom bit the bottom bit needs to be a tweaked and then we're going to say this is going to be negative 25 385.1 and this is going to go to class 2 so now the invoice usually increases accounts receivable but it's zeroed out so we're not going to increase the accounts receivable all of this stuff is going to increase a revenue account because that's what the items do and then the other side is is instead of going to AR is going to go to work in process so we just made a journal entry in essence with an invoice all right so let's save and close it so then if I go back to my reports we can see then then what happened k posseau the work in process is impacted here which is what we want to have happening and I can see it broken out by class because I assigned classes to it so it's a classy report which gives us a little bit more information if there are multiple accounts with work in process in it that's useful tab to the right and we can say okay now over here I've got my revenue broken out this way in March so it's it's applied to the proper timeframe now because I'm saying this is the costs that we incurred in order to generate that revenue and that's that's basically what we want that's kind of what we're looking for we can also do if I duplicate this our profit and loss by class we can do a classy profit loss let's take this for the whole year 12 3125 and do this for the whole year because then I can see the multiple classes so now you've got the multiple classes that add up that's quite useful when we're trying to analyze like our full job report that's why the classes I think add another level that is useful all right so now let's let's go to the next step and we'll since we'll just continue on here we're gonna build the client now so now we're over here this has been done dishes are done dude sorry that's in some movie I can't even remember what movie that is but I think it had anyway what am I on over here I'm on the I'm on we're gonna build we're gonna build now for the for the next month for the 30 000 so this was done and now I'm on this one boom so let's do that we're gonna build them I don't have much room on my worksheet over here because I don't want to keep going down so I'm gonna add another worksheet to the side so to do that I'm gonna put my cursor let's put it on P and I need like one two three four so I'm gonna put it on P one two three four and then I'm gonna right click on those columns and insert boom and then what I'd like to do is format them like these ones so I'm gonna put my cursor on K over to over to N K to N and then format paint and I'll put that right here so it widens out those cells okay one two three four home tab format painter one two three four okay so that looks good looks good okay so then I might be able to hide these ones so do I need to hide it maybe I'll just keep them there I don't really need to hide it I don't think it's not gonna throw us off we can see what's happening so then we're gonna say accounts receivable is gonna go up because we're just gonna build a client this is gonna be an invoice that actually goes out but the other side I don't want it to go to revenue this time because this is just one that I want to get paid on and and not and not one that I want to record the revenue because I've record the revenue with the other format according to the revenue recognition thing so this is just gonna be paid according to our payment schedule of 30 000 because that's what we told the client that we were going to pay them and we're going to stick to that this isn't a government job that we completely underestimated because that's what you do with those ones we have clients that are actually want competent work done it's not we didn't we didn't get it because we know we know some politician or something and that's how we got the job any case we're going to say f2 plus f2 is going to be 30 000 all right and then the billing down here is going to be f2 plus f2 and 30 000 so there we have it let's go and do that over on in uh quickbooks and so we'll just build the client so now we're going to actually send out the next bill for the following month in accordance with our payment structure so I'm going to send out another invoice but this is the invoice that's actually going to go out to the client and I'm going to base this one on the estimate that we originally made using our progress invoicing this time the percent will be 30 that 30 percent 30 percent pulls it in boom nicely structured this is going to be date of four one and you've got this beautiful uh structure down here of our of our uh items that we're going to be invoicing for okay so that looks good this would increase the accounts receivable for that 30 000 and the other side would be going to the revenue accounts and in this case we want accounts receivable to go up so I need a 30 000 down here but I don't want the other side to go to revenue so all of these I could like replace these with one line item that doesn't go to revenue but I kind of like the detail of having these line items here so I'm just going to say reverse that back out with just like a little journal entry at the bottom here reduce the revenue for the total amount of negative 30 000 and this is going to be class number two and then I'm going to put the other side into where I want it to go which is the billings account the billings account boom and that's going to be for 30 000 and job number two so now it's still going to increase accounts receivable because I have a balance down here of the 30 000 but the revenue is still going to go up by these amounts but also right back down so the detail will have this and then minus this and then back down to zero and then the other side will go where we want it to go which is into the billings account so let's that's the plan at least let's save and close it and see if that is indeed what happens let's go to the balance sheet to check it out and we know that then the accounts receivable is up to the 30 000 that looks like it should right and then the other side went into the billings account which is here sorted by class which is nice because because now if I had multiple items in the billings account I could sort it by class here or I could go into it and sort it by customer in the detail report if I wasn't using class tracking and I can sort it this way in order to sort it this way by the way you need a customer name field and if you're using journal entries you might not have a customer name field and you won't be able to sort this quite as easily likely okay so I'm going to go back on over go to the go to the revenue so we didn't recognize revenue with that one because we didn't want to recognize revenue based on that we want to recognize revenue based on when we when we earn it in like a percentage of completion kind of conceptual concept all right now let's just assume that they pay us the accounts receivable that's why we sent them an invoice in that format because it's easy for them to turn around and pay us with it and that would just simply be cash goes up and accounts receivable goes down and that would be for the 30,000 so let's do that I'm going to say f2 f2 f2 and then this one is going to be f2 plus f2 30,000 we record that one out accounts receivable goes back down goes into the checking account that's a straightforward transaction no no funny business happening here straightforward so we're going to go back on over and say we just received a payment 15 days later for that invoice we just sent out to the client let's bring it up 15 days and we'll say it goes into the checking account this is a received payment so it's going to be increasing the checking account and the other side it's going to decrease the accounts receivable save it close it check it out tab into the right scrolling up running running it accounts receivable goes down and the checking account uh goes up that is it I think that is it all right so what's if I go over here and I say okay 30 let's just check our numbers this time because I didn't do that last time 32455 working process 42309 4230850 rounding difference cool with that and 65,000 over here 65 and the net income 9763 9763 rounding difference I believe and the revenues at in total the 42 308 and cost of goods 32 545 42 308 32 545 9746 97497 6497 you got to read left left to right left to right that's how we do that's how we read in English what are you okay profit if I look at the profit and loss by job then we can see it kind of broken out by job here which is nice and we're looking here at job number two and I can see it in by my month here so notice we've got our nice allocation based on kind of like a percentage of completion kind of concept and if I go to the first tab on the balance sheet and I bring this out to 123125 if I have multiple items and these work in process accounts for most multiple jobs I can break it out this way or I can break it out by going into the job and sorting it by customer which I can only do if I'm using something that has items in the name fields which might not be the case if you're trying to use journal entries instead of the actual forms like like the invoices and then on the first tab we also of course have our progress income statement from a project perspective I can look at the project reports here and but they're basically job by job progress reports or project by project and it would be nice it's nice to be able to run the project reports by class two on the income statement because then you can get all the projects on one sheet you do have the full project report over here you'll remember but it's not quite as comprehensive project project summary report from<PHONE_NUMBER>25 so there's that report but it's not quite as comprehensive as breaking it out by class that we saw in the income statement over here and again the classes give you that breakout of the work in process and and and the billions on the balance sheet which the projects at this time doesn't seem to give you that breakout which is helpful okay


Hi, Gary. Leeus, here's the President. It's just not fair that everything has tapped into it this week. Who thinks? Who put his fist in the teeth? You mean who does it? He puts his thumb into the nose, and he's alive. And he puts his thumb in the mouth. Leeus Carpenter on 9-1. Something about the UNI Airlines putting air conditioning in the church tomorrow. Yes, sir. They called Jigs Farver two or three days ago and said that their units that blow into an airline. They don't strike, honey. their own strike. They were going to use non-struck people. That's right. You want us to cancel it? No, we've got people working on it now, but y'all ought to be messing with that stuff. Well, we didn't. If there's one, if there's a mistake, it hasn't been made out on the heart, but we can't have the secret service to get arrested, I guess, or something, but we just can't have that. Well, let me tell you, we checked it with Clark Clifford, and he gave us a go-ahead on it. Well, you better check at Bill Ward, C. Secretary of Labor, and we're negotiating strike on him. You can't have strike breakers out, but... That's correct. You have to be that smart. That's right, and we were told that it's supervisors who'll be working in the union that waive their problems. The union's got to manage if it's been done. Well, uh, what... Don't use... You talk to Secretary Wurzbud. All right. Jim Reynolds has just called me about it, and I'm trying to get the facts on it. Okay, that's right, but I'll do it before you do this. I don't let them sweat, and they do. Yeah, we'll do it, uh, unless, uh, Wurz approves of it. Is that all right? That's right, yeah. Thank you. Unless Reynolds does. All right. Thank you.


The next application that we are going to look at is a diffuser. As I mentioned earlier the diffuser is an exact opposite of a nozzle. So in a nozzle basically the high enthalpy of the fluid at the inlet is converted to kinetic energy of the fluid at the exit or the enthalpy change across the nozzle is converted to an increase in kinetic energy. Now in the case of the diffuser the velocity of the fluid as it enters the diffuser usually is very high ok. So V is high. So what we would like to do is convert this momentum into static pressure or pressure of the fluid at the exit of the diffuser ok. So we would like the pressure to be high at the exit of the diffuser. What is that normally fluid will not flow from low pressure to high pressure. In this case because the velocity at the inlet is high we are forcing it to flow through the diffuser where the pressure at the exit is higher and that is possible because the momentum of the fluid is being converted to pressure. So the fluid decelerates as it flows through the as it flows through the diffuser ok. So here you can say that the velocity of the fluid at the inlet high velocity is converted to pressure at the exit of the diffuser or you can say the kinetic energy of the fluid is converted to an increase in enthalpy. Remember enthalpy of a fluid is u plus pv. So if the pressure increases for an ideal gas for instance if the pressure increases then other quantities also increase commensurately so the enthalpy increases. So the kinetic energy is converted to enthalpy in the case of a compressible fluid. But a more practical way of looking at it is to say that the high velocity is converted to the high momentum of the fluid is converted to high pressure. So what this basically allows you to do is that you know you can actually compress a fluid by a finite amount without using a compressor ok. Normally in order to compress a fluid you may use a compressor right we have to use a compressor. Now in this case we have managed to achieve compression of a fluid without a compressor without any moving parts simply by utilizing the momentum the high momentum of the incoming fluid. For this to work the important thing is that the velocity at the inlet should be very high or the momentum at the inlet should be very high ok. Now this is practically used in the case of supersonic missiles and supersonic aircraft such as the Concorde or the SR 71 or any other fighter aircraft they all have intakes where the air in a frame of reference where the aircraft is stationary the air seems to approach the intake at supersonic speed which is very very high. So this may be utilized to compress the air at the end of the diffuser or inlet or intake as it is called ok. Since the compression is achieved without any moving parts it can actually be a result in a lot of weight saving for the engine itself ok. So it is very extensively used in the intake of engines of aircrafts and missiles that normally fly at supersonic speeds ok. Let us work out an example involving a diffuser. So while cruising at an altitude of 24,000 meters and flight speed of 972 meter per second which is 3.2 times the local speed of sound. Notice that normal aircraft a commercial aircraft would usually fly at an altitude of 10,000 meters. So this is about 2 and a half times that much ok 10,000 meters or about 33,000 feet. So 24,000 meters works out roughly to about to an altitude of about 100,000 feet ok. So SR 71 cruises at this altitude and this speed which just out of interest is 3.2 times the local speed of sound ok. So the diffuser in the engine captures the outside ambient air which is at a pressure of 2.55 kilo Pascal which as you can imagine is very small and a temperature of minus 51 degree Celsius. So we used to accomplish a pressure ratio of 39 that means the pressure at the exit of the diffuser divided by the pressure at the inlet is 39 ok. So we assume steady state operation, neglect, pH changes and any heat loss and we are asked to calculate the final temperature assuming that the compression process obeys PV raise to constant and also the final speed of the air as it comes out of the diffuser. So for air we know gamma to be 775ths and Cp to be 1010.38 joule per kg Kelvin. Since the process obeys PV raise to gamma equal to constant we can easily evaluate the temperature to be at the exit to be 632 Kelvin. So the temperature goes from minus 51 degree Celsius to something like this. So we apply SFE to the control volume that was shown in the illustration and if you use the fact that for an ideal gas H is equal to Cp times, write H equal to Cp times T we can simplify this expression and then arrive at this and calculate the exit velocity of the air to be 341 meter per second. So the air has been decelerated from a speed of 972 meter per second to a speed of 341 meter per second approximately one-thirds in order to achieve a compression ratio of 39. Notice that a compression ratio of 39 is quite high. Typically the sort of compression ratio that is achieved in using a compressor in an aircraft engine ok. It is a very high compression ratio. This illustrates that by decelerating the air we can actually accomplish compression like this. But in an actual SR 71 engine of course you know we cannot this is a ideal situation the compression is not accomplished exactly in the same manner because this sort of compression is difficult to accomplish you require a very long diffuser which adds to the weight of the engine. So it is done slightly differently but the basic idea is the same that the high momentum of the intake air or air coming into the engine is converted to pressurize across the diffuser. So the next application that we look at is that of a mixing chamber. So basically a mixing chamber as the name suggests mixes different streams and sends out perhaps one or two streams on the exit. That may take two streams or more than that at the inlet and send out one or maybe more than that at the exit. So here we have a we have a mixing chamber where steam at 10 bar 460 degree Celsius which is superheated comes in and we also have liquid water at 45 degree Celsius and 10 bar these are mixed together and what we want from the mixing chamber what we want to do is adjust the mass flow rates of these two so that we have saturated liquid at 10 bar exiting the mixing chamber that is the design requirement. So we neglect KE and PE changes assume steady operation and note that this is also insulated so Q dot is equal to 0. So if we try to show the states on a PV diagram let us go to the pressure table. So corresponding to 10 bar the you can see that corresponding to 10 bar the saturation temperature is about 80 degree Celsius. So let us say this is 10 bar. So the saturation temperature is 80 degree Celsius let us show the isotherm using a different color 80 I am sorry this is 180 degree Celsius I am sorry. So this is 180 degree Celsius. So 10 bar 460 degree Celsius the state at 1 will then lie here so this is state 1 that is a superheated state because this temperature is higher than the saturation temperature corresponding to 10 bar and this one is a compressed or subcool liquid because this temperature is less than the saturation temperature corresponding to 10 bar so that means state 2 will lie here and state 3 is saturated liquid at 10 bar. So these are the states of the incoming and exiting streams. So if you apply SFE to the control volume that is shown all the velocity terms and the elevation terms drop out because we have been told that they are negligible Q dot is also equal to 0 because it is the mixing chamber is insulated obviously there is no work interaction so Wx dot is also 0. One thing that you must remember when we say that work interaction is 0 is that we mean that Wx dot is 0 in the steady flow energy equation flow work has already been accounted for in the enthalpy term. So this is a doubt that students have all the time whether we have when I say Wx dot equal to 0 it means Wx dot equal to 0. Remember flow work also has to be accounted for and that has been accounted for in the enthalpy term. So if you rearrange this we get the ratio of the incoming mass flow rates m dot 1 over m dot 2 to be equal to this. H1 is a superheated state so we can directly retrieve the value from the property table no difficulties there but H2 is a compressed liquid state and if you go back and review the approximation procedure that we laid out for calculating enthalpy of compressed liquid you will realize that H is equal to U plus PV. So H2 is equal to U2 plus P2 V2 and we approximated U2 at this pressure and temperature as Uf at 45 degree Celsius plus P2 times V2 is nothing but Vf at 45 degree Celsius. So that comes out to be 189.42 and H3 is saturated liquid at 10 bar so that is H3 is equal to Hf at 10 bar so we get the required ratio to be 0.2181. The next application that we are going to look at is throttling application. Throttling literally indicates what it means you know that a fluid is throttled so that it goes from state 1 to state 2 without with very little change in velocity. So in general application this is what is intended V2 is approximately the same as V1 we will look at the conditions under which this is satisfied as we go along as a result of which we get H2 to be approximately equal to H1. So what we wish to accomplish is an isenthalpic process but a change in state so we usually go from high pressure and high temperature to a low pressure low temperature fluid so just the state alone changes with all other things remaining the same. So normally this is accomplished by making the fluid go through a very tortuous passage like for example in a porous plug which is indicated here or alternatively we may also use a valve which is partially open so that there is a steep reduction in pressure and also reduction in temperature or in practical applications a capillary tube which is a very long tube or of required length but very very small diameter that may also be used for this purpose throttling is quite extensively employed in refrigerators and domestic air conditioners because we want to achieve this change of state in as little distance as possible with as little added weight as possible. So capillary tubes are actually quite good porous plug may get clogged with time so the capillary tube is easier to replace and easier to service so capillary tubes are quite extensively used in domestic refrigerators and air conditioners. Now let us take a look and see under what conditions we are able to use this. So if we apply SFE to this control volume what is that the control volume is shown like this quite far away from the porous plug so that there is no so the fluid has sufficient time to attain equilibrium so this is an equilibrium state this is also an equilibrium state. So if you apply SFE to this assuming no heat loss steady state operation no KE or PE changes and obviously there is no external work interaction so we get something like this. Now if states 1 and 2 are such that there is no significant change in the specific volume then because the area is constant remember m dot is equal to a1 v1 over v1 or a2 v2 over v2. Since area is constant if v1 v2 is approximately the same as v1 then the velocities will remain the same. So now we know that if the states are such that there is no significant change in specific volume then v2 is approximately equal to v1 and it follows then from this equation that h2 is equal to h1. So throttling process is an isenthalpic process if and only if the change in specific volume is small otherwise there will be a change in the exit velocity because of the change in specific volume because the fluid expands as the pressure drops the fluid expands. If the expansion of the fluid is significant then v2 will be substantially different from v1 and the process will no longer be isenthalpic. The analysis can still be carried out using this equation but the process will no longer be isenthalpic. So here we have saturated liquid R134A at 30 degree Celsius it is a throttle to 200 kilo Pascal in a domestic refrigerator heat loss to the ambient is 2 kilowatt per unit mass flow rate of refrigerant we are asked to determine the final temperature and dryness fraction if saturated of the refrigerant. Ke and Pe changes may be neglected. So let us see what the initial pressure is just to get an idea of how much pressure drop is being accomplished in this particular throttling valve. So we go to for that purpose we go to the temperature table and look at the saturation pressure corresponding to 30 degree Celsius. So let us go to the temperature table for R134A so corresponding to 30 degree Celsius which is so the saturation pressure is 770.60 kilo Pascal. So the pressure drop across this throttling valve is from 770, 770 to 200 kilo Pascal or 500 about a 570 kilo Pascal drop which is actually quite high. So the specific enthalpy may be retrieved from the temperature table is 93.58 because it is saturated liquid. So this is equal to Hf at 30 degree Celsius. So we apply SFE after taking into account Q dot I am sorry this term should actually be Q dot over M dot. So we calculate the exit enthalpy to be notice that Q dot goes in with a negative sign because it is heat loss from the device. So the exit enthalpy is 91.58. Now corresponding to 200 kilo Pascal we have Hf as 38.41 Hg as 244.5 since H2 lies between Hf and Hg exit state after throttling is a saturated mixture. So the final temperature is the saturation temperature corresponding to 200 kilo Pascal which is minus 10 degree Celsius. So the temperature drops from 30 degree Celsius to minus 10 degree Celsius. So the pressure drops from 770 kilo Pascal to 200 kilo Pascal temperature drops from 30 degree Celsius to minus 10 degree Celsius. So that is the function of a throttling valve. So as we mentioned here high pressure high temperature low high pressure high temperature to low pressure low temperature. The temperature may not be high it is high compared to this but 30 degree Celsius is ambient temperature. So it is high pressure and certain temperature to low pressure and low temperature and that is what we are accomplishing here. So with the value of known value of H2 we may calculate the dryness fraction and exit to be 0.258. So if I illustrate the process on a PV diagram there is very little space here. So let us try to manage. So this is 770 kilo Pascal and this is 200 kilo Pascal. So we go from saturated liquid at 770 kilo Pascal to let me just erase this a little bit just change the color. So we go from saturated liquid at 770 kilo Pascal to a saturated mixture at 200 kilo Pascal with dryness fraction equal to 0.258. So this concludes our discussion of devices in the first category that we mentioned here. We looked at nozzle, we looked at a diffuser, we looked at a mixing chamber and we also looked at a throttling process. What we will do next is to look at examples from devices in the second category. So in this lecture we will look at examples of devices in the second category for which Wx dot is not equal to 0. So Wx dot is not equal to 0 but for all intents and purposes we still assume Q dot to be equal to 0. First device that we will look at in this case is the turbine. Now just like in a nozzle in a turbine also the pressure decreases across the turbine and the fluid undergoes an expansion process but the similarity ends there. So thermodynamically we may say that you know the pressure decreases across the turbine also and the working fluid undergoes an expansion process in the turbine also just as in the nozzle. But you may recall that in the case of the nozzle, so in the case of the nozzle you may recall that M dot is equal to rho times A times the velocity V and since the objective here is to convert the enthalpy to kinetic energy, we force it to go through a narrowing passage or a passage of decreasing cross-sectional area. When we do that since the area decreases the velocity increases. Now in the case of a compressible fluid since the fluid also undergoes an expansion process because the pressure decreases from inlet to exit the density also decreases which causes the velocity to increase even more. So this is how we accomplish the conversion of enthalpy to kinetic energy. So by forcing it to go through a narrowing passage we accomplish conversion of enthalpy to kinetic energy. In the case of a compressible fluid for instance the fluid naturally wants to expand because it is undergoing an expansion process but by restraining it to go through a converging passage we are actually converting the enthalpy into kinetic energy of the fluid. Now if we go back to the turbine the thermodynamic process is the same but the objectives are different. So here also M dot at any cross-section of the turbine so if I take any cross-section like this M dot is equal to rho times A times V where V is the axial velocity that is the velocity which the fluid is flowing from inlet to exit. Now in this case the fluid is actually undergoing an expansion process which means the density is decreasing but the objective here is to convert the enthalpy of the fluid into work. So we allow the fluid to expand in this case which shows that the cross-sectional area actually is allowed to increase to accommodate the expansion of the fluid. But the conversion of the enthalpy into work is accomplished in the blade passages in the turbine. So the blade passages are shaped in such a way that the enthalpy of the fluid may be converted to work while allowing the fluid to expand. So turbines may be designed in many different ways but the simplest thing is as you can see the density decreases we allow the cross-sectional area to increase to accommodate the expansion of the fluid. In contrast to the nozzle where the cross-sectional area decreased and that was actually acting against the natural tendency of the fluid to expand. In this case we allow the area to increase to accommodate the expansion so consequently this velocity in the case of a turbine is usually a constant. So that is how these types of turbines are designed this is called an axial turbine as the fluid flows axially along from the inlet to the exit. So you can see how the blade passage plays a key role in accomplishing the conversion of enthalpy to work in this case. So when you later on take a course on turbo machines you will be taught how the blade passage is designed to accomplish this effect. So if you look at the but such details are not necessary in this course but this gives an idea of how different devices accomplish different things. So you can see here that different blades are shown. So we have shown a cross-sectional area. So these are blades let us just change color here. So these are blades which are fixed to the shaft as you can see. So this entire blade is in the circumferential direction. So this is fixed to the shaft this is fixed to the shaft this is fixed to the shaft and this is fixed to the shaft. So these are rotating blades. The blades which are in between them such as this one is fixed to the casing or the valve of the turbine and they are stationary. So the fluid moves from rotating blade through a stationary blade through another rotating blade and so on. So as it moves through these blades or blade passages the cross-sectional area of the blade passage accomplishes the conversion of enthalpy to work in the case of a turbine. That is why the turbine is illustrated schematically with an increasing cross-sectional area as you can see here. Whereas a nozzle you may recall was illustrated schematically using a decreasing cross-sectional area. So notice that for our purposes how exactly this conversion of enthalpy to work is accomplished is immaterial. So which is why we have just shown a passage of increasing cross-sectional area a shaft with external work interaction W x dot which is positive in this case because it is a turbine. So the inner details are unnecessary and this is our control volume. So we apply the steady flow energy equation assuming steady flow we can apply the steady flow energy equation to the turbine eliminate terms that are not relevant or equal to 0 and then proceed with the analysis. So the thermodynamic process is the same in a nozzle and a turbine fluid undergoes an expansion process but the objectives are different between the nozzle and the turbine. Let us look at a worked example involving a turbine. So steam at 60 bar in fact before we do that let us also take a look at a turbine picture of a turbine to see how so you can see that this portion is the turbine portion and you see how the cross-sectional area of the turbine increases like this. So you can see how the cross-sectional area of the turbine blades increases like this and in the case of the compressor which is what we are going to look at next we can see how the cross-sectional area decreases. So here we can see the increase in cross-sectional area of the turbine as the fluid expands and what are shown here or the rotating blades that I mentioned before. These are the blades which are fixed to the shaft and so they rotate. So, the stator blades which are the stationary blades are located in between these rows of rotating blades, they are not shown here for the sake of clarity. So, you can see how the cross sectional area increases axially as we move along the turbine. So, we now move on to a worked example involving steam. So, steam at 60 bar 680 degree Celsius enters an insulated turbine. So, this means that q dot equal to 0 that is operating at steady state. So, we are allowed to use the steady flow energy equation. Part of the steam is extracted from the turbine at 10 bar 460 degree Celsius. The rest is expanded completely and leaves at 45 degree Celsius and the dryness fraction of 94 percent. Determine the power developed if the extracted mass flow rate is 17.9 percent of the total. KE and PE changes may be neglected. So, we showed the control volume here. So, this is our control volume and we simplify the steady flow energy equation applied to this control volume with the q dot equal to 0 and KE PE changes neglected. So, we end up with an expression like this and so, inlet 1 which is which would be this one in this particular example in addition to inlet 1 and 2 we also have I am sorry in addition to inlet 1 and exit 2 we also have an additional exit 3 where the steam is extracted. So, we label this exit as 3. So, at 1 the steam is superheated at 60 bar and 680 degree Celsius. The enthalpy values may be retrieved from the superheated table quite easily. At exit 3 again the steam is superheated. So, the enthalpy at exit 3 may also be retrieved from the superheated table. Now, at exit 2 steam leaves at 45 degree Celsius and the dryness fraction of 0.94. So, we retrieve Hf and Hg from the temperature table and evaluate the enthalpy at exit 2 as 2438.67. So, the power developed by the turbine specific power that is per unit mass flow rate developed by the turbine comes out to be 1236.95 kilojoule per kilogram. Notice that the mass flow rate of the extracted steam was given to be 17.9 percent of the total mass flow rate. So, since we have taken m1 dot to be 1 kg per second we take this to be 0.179 and this is the mass flow that is expanded completely and this is the mass flow rate that is taken out at exit 3 itself. Now, in the absence of extraction exit 3 will not be present. So, we go from inlet 1 to exit 2 and the power developed per unit mass flow rate is simply H1 minus H2 and that comes out to be 1407.63 kilojoule per kilogram. Obviously, in the absence of extraction the power produced is more. However, in many power plants some of the steam is usually extracted for other purposes. In fact, we saw if you look at this particular case this is coming out at 10 bar and 460 degree Celsius. So, the steam is extracted at 10 bar, 460 degree Celsius and you may recall the mixing chamber example that we did where the steam came in at 10 bar, 460 degree Celsius. This is intentional. So, to demonstrate what is actually done with extracted steam. So, although you lose some power when you extract steam from a turbine that steam is usually used for heating other liquids and that is actually a very good way of doing that. So, it is taken to a mixing chamber mixed with compressed liquid like this which then leaves at a high temperature as a saturated liquid. So, the steam can be used for other purposes. So, you lose some power, but you also gain something else.


T. F. N. N. Headline news update. Good afternoon, folks. Steve Rhodes coming to you live from the shores of sunny Delray Beach, Florida. This is your 2 p.m. update, Dan. Well, we've got a mixed bag now. You've got the Dow's off 88. The S&P is down 11. The NASDAQ's off 25. The Russell has just turned slightly green. The Summars are up two points. That's slightly green. The Trannies are up 62 points out here. So, you know, what I like to do, and I'm going to do it, but the data is not accurate. I'm having some type of problem here with my data feed, folks, and I just noticed it. And I can't fix it in this next minute and a half. But we're looking at the Dow. So, the Dow is not printed at 34.764. It's at 34.723. But close enough. What I want to share with you is we are going, we have a confirmed TD9 count bottom inside the Dow. When you get a TD9 count bottom, well, you should expect and anticipate as price is going to go target its oscillator and change line. So, the Dow should go target the 35,018 area. If the Dow closes above that, it doesn't have to be today, folks. If the Dow closes above that, then that suggests to run back to 35,475. That's a TD9 breakdown level. The S&P 500, it's actually trading at 44.69. That's pretty close to what this bar shows. But you're not seeing any data feeds update here on the, on these indices charts. So, again, I don't know what's going on. But what I do know is that the S&P 500 has tested and rejected its breakout level of 44.5029. It can't bust them down. What's it going to try to do? It should try to bust them up. Bust them up to where? The oscillator and change line is a likely target, 45.10. The NDX100, I don't have any kind of bottoming signal whatsoever out here. So, it's on its own. I don't with the Russell 2000. The semis, they're still bullish out here. The transports, 14.491, they're actually trading out at 14.482. So, you can see price in the transports is running resistance at its oscillator and change line. It's these oscillator and change line levels, folks. That price needs to close above to then signal that this may be more than just a counter trend rally. Until then, that's really what all these signals are. Let's change from here. We've just got a few seconds. I'll just simply move over to my screen. That's got the nine panel market updates on it. So, you can see that this year is going to be live and accurate. What additional information do we have here? Not really a whole heck of a lot. Silver's held support. The dollar's held resistance. And gold, it's kind of been given by us. It's kind of been la-la-ling. Hey, folks, stay tuned. David White's up next. He's got a host, our guest host, a guest today, Tim Orrd at about 2.15. Have a terrific Thursday. We'll see you tomorrow morning.


This is Kathi Bogan for Consortium News. We are outside the Noisy Leaks exhibition, the Art of Exposing Secrets, and this exhibition has a lot to do with Julie and Assange. We're very lucky to have a guide. And here we are in Berlin. Guide and have a look at the exhibition. Someone is going to tell me what's here. Welcome to Noisy Leaks. When you enter the gallery, maybe one of the first things your attention is attracted to is this fantastic original piece by Sarah Lucas. Did anybody mention authoritarianism? Oh, that's great. And it has been made especially for us. It's pretty much setting the tone, I think, to a lot of the things you're going to see in the exhibition. This is kind of like the jackbook, isn't it? Coming down on some very, very sensitive parts. Another thing that may attract your attention is the TV here with the vintage 1986 NES Nintendo console. It is running a 2019 game called What Remains, which is a story about disinformation and whistleblowing.  And your tool to interact with the world is to blow the whistle and the rest would be spoilers. I recommend anyone to play it as you can get it for free on the internet and run it on your computer with an emulator. Oh goodness gracious, I can see that there's scan rates on the television. Oh, absolutely. It's also vintage, because I'm getting the scan line running around. Absolutely. It's a vintage TV with a vintage console and a very modern game running on it. Yes. This is one of the numerous pieces by Daniel Leicester. Oh, yes. It's a very powerful piece, as you can see. You see images that you recognize from the assassination of Ben Laden and those three monkeys that instead of coloring their eyes, mouths and ears, they are actually expressing themselves through the eyes. Yeah, that's a cynical little face, isn't it? Goodness gracious. Let me just film some of this detail. Curbly painted there. Is it paint? Oh, it's a collage. We think, I guess. So they're watching the assassination of Osama Ben Laden. Of course. There's a little picture in the background. I see Obama. I'm pretty sure Kathy recognized this picture immediately. Oh, there's Jared. Yeah. And then Baldwin is on. Oh, that's Hillary? Yeah. Goodness gracious. Is anyone of those three? No. No. And then immediately to your left, you have a very rough time filming this quote and quote hologram. Actually, no. Oh, goodness gracious. Yes, it's throwing. Oh, folks, there's... What is? Yeah. It only means that people will have to come and experience it by themselves until they're finished with the quote. Look, what we're seeing here is a hologram. And I can see... This is undergrad. And we have the prisoner attached with electrons. It's a 3D sculpture. It is done a piece by the Norwegian street artist Eftar as he put it in the streets of Bergen in Norway. Yeah. Which is called the persecution. And you can see a lot of tiny details including the collage from the video. This drone hovering in the background. Wonderful. All those cameras and this surveillance atmosphere. And indeed the main figure evokes Abu Ghazib and the torture of Guantanamo with the orange tone of the gun. Yeah. So a very complex and at times subliminal piece, indeed. Yeah, I just caught a flash of Chelsea Manning as well. So who's the artist? Eftar is this anonymous Norwegian street artist with several pieces in the streets of Bergen in Norway which is apprehensive based. Yeah. Related to Joghain. Yes. And we are very lucky to have this piece because it's very rare to hear what should be exposed like this. Yeah. If you look here and to your left you'll see this impressive piece by Pito Stael. It's a 2015 piece that is based on the Syria files released by Mechanics. Wow. And through a very meticulous analysis of the documents she ends up demonstrating very disturbing corruption in the world of art. How international sales of art is used for tax evasion. How most of the art institutions in the world are basically in bed with the Bashar al-Assad regime at the same time the international support community is criticizing him for his civil war and it's a very in-depth and very engaged piece from an artist who is actually very renowned in the world of art today. It's really an activist piece if you will. It would take you a while to watch it in full because I think it lasts for 30 minutes but it's very much worth paying attention to it. Yeah. So we have headphones here so you can... We could also... Like that. While filming it. The refugees have fled the advancing militias in the Islamic State which invaded Iraq in almost 2014 200 Yazidi refugees from Shankar are sheltered in Gatling. To your left is another piece by Daniel Reister the famous German painter who gifted us with three of his pieces actually and this one is the thing we have explored before. So we have written on this I don't know if it's so clear in the video but it says part of the piece. I'm pretty sure it's really the pieces of all the on the screens. That's a beautiful piece. Beautiful texture. And right next to you is this multi-modal sculpture. Pretty sure the name we called it was and this is a piece by Daniel this morning, a London based fashion icon and friend of Julian who describes themselves as a living sculpture. Daniel is always shown it is improbable outfits composed of innumerous details and he gifted us with this piece called Activist. You can see many references to Assange, to Manning and a frame around the face of the subject evokes either a painting or a portrait or maybe is it a mirror? Is it a piece in which we should look at ourselves to see our face muted, censored a very complex and beautiful piece indeed. And the subject is wearing this gown which is a free Assange that is I think a banner from an actual protest in London. And yeah this the police tape as well I've seen that on the road there was one piece with people in orange jumpsuits lying on the road with this crime scene tape. Before moving on to the next room you may pay attention to this screen over there which is overlooked. The screen is off yet the logo of the TV is lit which may leave you to wonder if you pay attention actually this very model is a reference to Vault 7 by an agent. You got it. It is the very same so-called smart TV that is being referenced in the Vault 7 as being the victim of the whipping angel cyber weapon of the CIA that enables them to remotely activate the camera or the microphone at the piece with us. Whipping angel, that's it. So this black screen TV with its logo on is randomly sitting in an awkward corner here maybe it is watching us right now. Hello boys! Over here is I think it's not functioning at the moment but this is a pteramine antenna that when you approach your hand is reading sort of a song with the names of the programs of the CIA and the NSA by Melisa Logan from the Chicks on Street and if you enter the next room here of course on the wall is what may cash your eye at first is this imposing map of the actors of the persecution of Julian. It is a collective work done on a wiki on the challenge power wiki a lot of it based on so-called open source intelligence Consumption News is one of the major sources for the information that is actually listed on that board but also declassified UK and a few of the real independent investigative outlets that are out there in the world. So it exposes the collusion it exposes the conflict of interest one obvious one on the very top you see Dick Cheney the chief executive of Haliburton a profiteering from the war in Iraq while he was advising George Bush as vice president at the time so he's ironically on top of that map as a sort of a godfather of all conflict of interest but if you look into the bottom you see and you can see a familiar with her the judge Emma Bethnot whose husband Baron James Al Bethnot is one of the chairs of you can follow this arrow here is if I may one of the chairs here of Thales the company that has been further exposed by the spy files of Wikileaks continuing the tour so exactly Lady Al Bethnot's son Alexander is here you can see that he's the vice president here going that way Al Trace the company that is exposing whistleblowers and recruiting NSA employees and so it's health research, health art a piece that is very very dear to our house Pretty Patel is there indeed Pretty Patel if you were to look for a common thread to the works exposed here I think it would be that they all trying to tell a very complicated story to expose complexity and to somehow make sense of the density that is of the story of Assange and Wikileaks Well there is Sir Alan Duncan we know from his diary that he was instrumental in persuading Lenin Moreno to evict Julian from the embassy and bloated about it in his diary Exactly and you can see the 40 years old friend Operation Pelican was not Exactly Operation Pelican is also a 40 years old friend of the lord chief justice Burnett who is one of the prosecutors of Assange Well that's right, we kind of thought that this would be good news when Burnett arrived on the same because he had decided not to extradite Laurie Love and that was for health reasons as well and he tried to say in the courtroom that there was a difference between Laurie Love and Julian Assange and Laurie Love was suffering they were both suffering from depression and Asperger's but Laurie Love was suffering from a physical condition as well which at the time still is eczema but since then Julian has had a mini stroke and so he has a physical condition as well and one would presume then that there would be no difference but that's never been heard and thought since and if you film the bottom you'll see that there is an interactive version of the map online that would enable you it's based on the wiki and based on the data of the wiki that we used to generate it so this is it here it's map, challenge power it's also a bunch of posters that everyone is free to take with the design of the map on it so if you want to take a look here is that the tongue sticking out what is it the letters on the tip of it read deep state it's a piece by David Elormino the Italian scholar anything to say that's one of the two pieces he gave us for this exhibition over here you will find this singular box that is also a box of ammunition by the US Army, the war crime thematic and you actually will know what this red button does so I suggest that maybe while I hold you may want to actually press it oh goodness that's a record for you is it no more line story sorry oh right oh yeah so this is these from the wiki leaks releases are they towards the bottom you will see a count this one is 15 killed one wounded this is indeed a random Afghan war diary it's a war diary where at least one person has been killed that's what the war crime thematic gives to every visitor you've got a particularly long one here I certainly did that's one for an investigative journalist of your talent I guess well it goes down to the floor I'm standing here if you want to try the war crime thematic you press the red button see what you just do editorial chief of consortium visiting so let's see what oh thank you not quite as long as mine it's a random war log from Afghanistan reporting at least one death well of course there were 15,000 weren't they and reported more than 15 million deaths from the Iraq and Afghanistan that's right a lot of people weren't mentioned on this other world there is another complex throw chop it's the album of chore an algorithm based on research on numerous financial leaks including the Julius Baer leaks all the bank forms the fine people of the ribbon collective basically if you follow this algorithm from the start to the end and of course if you can afford the steps on the way you will end up paying no tax it's as simple as this this flowchart saves you five years in business school and if you can afford again it saves you a whole lot of contributions to the world there's a bunch of other ones that you can consult including tax optimizers through arts that actually resonates with the piece of Hito's tail in the other room a way to anonymize financial transaction how to anonymize the ships and this box over here is well it's written here it's a seeding unit it is sharing over the BitTorrent network the Julius Baer leaks in real time using the BitTorrent protocol so it is basically enabling those data from the database to remain online of course the Julius Baer was back in 2009 I think so yes yes it's a very early one this is also a piece by Daniel Richter this is a poster for the event that you can see also printed later as one of the many free posters that one can get here at Noisy Leeds yeah that's such a good artist that one is already this panda it has been made by Ai Weiwei and Jake Applebaum the panda is stuffed by revelations stuffed with stolen documents and I think a micro SD card as in the five of the leaks what do you mean inside it? we're not supposed to touch the art oh I'm sorry it's so cute it is cute and you can find still it is an invaluable piece by Ai Weiwei I didn't I won't tell anyone we won't tell your viewers just pull this down a little bit you're not supposed to do that people can see or read what it says from the teaser so it is stuffed with the leaks of Snowden and others but also the fun fact is that panda is the name of a cryptographic protocol for key exchange and in Chinese the word panda sounds very close to a slang use describing the secret services also the pandas were smuggled out of China which was also part of the piece as a gesture well as a comment on the geopolitics of the time here on the two screens is another piece that pre-exists or expose that you may be familiar with it's a delivery for Mr. Assange by the Megan group this is this parcel the GPS and the camera that was sent to the Ecuadorian Embassy documented in real time it's journey through the all just corners of the British postal system so this is the screen that reports and the other one is the one with the pictures oh my god yes, definitely so in fact the app is tracking it's a leak of data in itself what happens to a strange parcel going to a strange destination so these are messages that are being sent to WikiLeaks in real time that were messages sent via Twitter either by the parcel itself in its location or by the Megan group tracking the parcel now arrived with the Embassy security so they couldn't write it they couldn't throw it away oh yeah so they have synchronized these two exactly they need to be seen in conjunction yeah this was a wonderful piece so that's this is inside the Embassy right definitely and it's sitting on the desk filming the support, what the hell is that I guess it's an Ecuadorian test oh you say this is a cat no, it's a much bigger cat oh right I think incredible and I will and I think it's Julian receiving the parcel excellent this was a beautiful piece what year was it, 2013 was it? yes yes yes yes I recall this one, it was quite exciting since Julian appeared yeah there he is, this image that we remember where he spent the last hours playing with the parcel well I only ever saw stills from this still feathers, I've never seen the video and this is the actual parcel taking the incredible so he's not quite sure whether it's filming him or not but he's I think there was on Twitter in real time we can see you here to your right you see one of the latest pieces by David the Ormino, this ominous book made of stone with these ominous looking spikes, rusty spikes if you get closer you will see the title of the book it calls for getting closer it is indeed the Wikileaks files you can see the lettering here the Wikileaks files I have a copy of the Wikileaks files at home some Australians contributed to it now to your left you will see a public library of 3 meters of the diplomatic cables of Cablegate it's all the cables classified as secret or secret slash slash no form it's 66 volumes Joe you may to pick one of these volumes and open them they're taking volume 31 that contains 239 cables from the fifth week of 2008 to later that year these were actually printed this is incredible I worked by the institute for Descent and Data Love how many editions are there there's only one only one and when were these actually printed just recently they arrived in morning wow it was done for this show after the original when the show was over we should go to a permanent exhibit in a museum we'll consider options so if you look over here you'll see the numerous posters that everyone can get here for free you're also free to make the donation oh and the poster by Daniel Richter among with a few artworks like you may remember you may remember this splendid mural this is a wonderful place that was put in the streets of Berlin 20 meters high mural by Captain Bordelheim oh is that how big it was 20 meters high this is a piece by IFCA the same Norwegian street artist that did the hologram in the other room and among the 3 B's for you Cathy this is the soundtrack of a war crime it's an actual cassette tape of the soundtrack of the collateral murder oh so it is I'm sure you should have one oh I don't you should give it to somebody more important there's hundreds of those and you are important to the story of Assange and Wikidix and we're all absolutely can you say fucking delighted on the camera okay fucking delighted that you can get one because we're all admirers of consortium news and you're among the sources that were the most useful to some of these works here so if anyone here deserves it it's you, Cathy and Joe there's a couple of things we have to oh wait yes of course you missed one of the funniest wordings of them all this is the callous pie by the PEN Collective this phone is connected to a system with more than 30,000 phone numbers that are actual phone numbers, extensions not front desks, at the CIA the NSA, the FBI and the French the French the CIA the CIA so the actual spies I don't know if we can we'll be calling the USA hello it's very funny to play pranks on them asking them if for instance that's my last call to them you can ask them is there a leak I see water and documents everywhere you see a leak you see a leak could I speak to Mike oh he doesn't work there anymore okay wrong number who could save the show so we are mostly a bunch of friends of Julien Assange who wanted to try to help him and also now speaking only for myself I've been trying to help him while telling a deeper story than the story of somebody who may or may not be a journalist and is being tortured right now to tell the backstory to tell the the origin somehow as we are talking of journalism going back to the source of WikiLeaks and the persecution of Assange and I think it's a common trait to a lot of the works you see exposed here is that they they're diving into the deep complexity of WikiLeaks and the various leaks of WikiLeaks you're standing in front of this map that exposes the conflict of interests and the complexity of a legal case being fought in five jurisdiction that is absolutely unprecedented so we hadn't come on I'm mostly speaking for myself but I think we hadn't come on to be Julien's friends and to be frustrated by not seeing the big picture in the media and also now back to speaking to myself while our opponents are constantly using storytelling and weaponizing storytelling against the people and where misinformation is being industrialized in our world and those armies of stockpuppets controlled by the agencies and so on we felt that it's only legitimate that we use the tool of storytelling somehow to be telling our own stories that we use fiction as an inspiring tool for telling the story we actually want to be telling which is the story of the origins of WikiLeaks the roots of the persecution of Assange so we met with one of the operators of this lovely gallery space that is a self-run artist space that often do expose and we thought that we'll do this crazy project of trying to assemble some of the most prestigious artists in the field of modern art like Hito Steyer, Ai Weiwei, Daniel Richter Stara Lucas and also some unknown artists all together but also the idea was to do something that is somehow much more than an expo, it's an expo about diving deep into complexity so we had to do something deeper so besides an expo it is three weeks of events, of meetings we see the place, there is a room to the back where we can sit and chill and invent other type of stories so the idea was the expo was somehow the entryway to a longer occasion to an event to be together to regroup and maybe to invent the next parts of that story So to your knowledge this is the first art exhibition devoted exclusively to these events I would say so, I would say so Are most of the works here works that existed somewhere else for example I saw this film in the Norway in an art festival and you reached out to those artists or anything new, original I would say that about half the art works maybe a bit more than half the art works are actually original art works but indeed a few are more ancient and we expose them as something that is more or less timeless you know the piece by Hito Steyl in the other room is from 2015 and is related to the Syria files so it is somehow a marker in time at the time of the Syria files of what happened then and all this is inscribed in a continuity one piece that you cannot see due to technical reasons here is a recreation of the collateral murder video with white apes that was part of a theatre play that Angela Richter did in 2012 called Assassinate Assange this piece had only be shown in theatre before be shown here so is it an original piece or not you know it's to be discussed so I think Angela's piece dated 2012 this probably the most ancient piece of demo and so from 2012 to 2022 is somehow a continuity in the timeline in the timeline of Wikileaks and in the timeline of the persecution of Julian Assange was that performed here it was on display on that wall from that projector which like Balba originally it was here in a theatre in Berlin I think it was shown in theatres in Berlin and through Europe as well so it started on October 13 October 7 and it's running from the 8th to the 30th and anyone is very welcome check the website for a very dense program of events we have a concert and music jam on Tuesday the 18th with a Palestinian musician called Dirard Kalash who is a multi-instrumentist experimenter that maybe will turn into a music jam we had a Piñata party with our Guatemalan friend Renata about a smashing corporate secrecy that was an in-depth dive into the corporate secrets exposed by Wikileaks and we built this lovely Piñata where we put the logos of these corporations that we filled with our wishes for exposing new secrets that we collected bit down to a pulp in the gallery there will be with Matt Kennard on the 22nd of October a British tea party about exposing the economics of the empire you may want to press that red button you may want to press that red button can I just film your hand? of course long ones today I mean it's a good sign Afghan War Logs as we'll see later in this video tonight there's a special guest speaking here later this afternoon Stella Assange will be with us for an Ask Me Anything session we'll see what happens we do hope that the maybe inspiring maybe stimulating maybe relaxing setup of our gallery and the proximity of so many friends may at least make her feel a little bit better than she usually feels and may make us maybe feel more comfortable opening up to the crowd we've been talking about these events day and day and there's a fantastic response by the public everybody said oh and I'll come again on Friday one thing that is really telling to me and like really inspiring also is that it's now six days and a half since the vernisage and we've seen people coming for the fourth time already we've seen people who were here at the vernisage and came back for almost all the events so it feels like we are somehow well feeling a need as many people coming here know either a little bit about Assange or WikiLeaks or not the full story but all agree that there is a need to sit down and relax around some more thorough material than the few snippets and the few headlines that we sometimes read and hear about him so that's one of the main thread of the works assembled here is to actually take time to dive into this complexity and try to collectively make sense out of it I think honestly that it's maybe the only way that we may get the strength and the inspiration to be capable to write the next pages in this long story thank you very much wonderful welcome now there's one person who is not on this there was highly significant in the Swedish story and that is the Swedish Chief Justice Stephen Linscock who came to Australia and he was the one that we captured on tape saying there was no legal reason why she Mariana knew could not either come to London or use unusual legal assistance it was a standard procedure because it was simply an investigation to pose the questions she stalled until it could be stalled no longer it was five years in action but Stephen Linscock back in 2013 came to Australia and he said no there's no legal reason why she's doing this so I think it's a big it's always been political I think I'm going to take the mini version of this this is the one I want this one for me okay it's been a remarkable exhibition here the only thing we haven't seen so far is the cell the reproduction of the Santa's cell and that hasn't opened yet but we'll go in there in a little while I'll take you in with me and you'll see how small it is I've only seen a little bit of it on video but we'll be back soon inside the Santa's cell so this is one of the key pieces of the exhibition this is outside the exhibition space and this is a replica of Julian Assange's cell I haven't been inside yet but I've heard there's been some artistic license with the decor inside but these are the exact measurements of Julian's cell and I've been told that the best thing that you can do is to learn and experience what it's like to be in that confined space so let's go in and take a look and then from what I gather I'm going to be locked in here on my own oh goodness so quite awful so what we have here is it's really quite hard hard to film it we have a little stool and we have a table here and then we have a sort of a bed, a camp bed and here we have a Guantanamo suit orange jumpsuit I'm now locked in the cell the door is closed and this is very very tiny space it's just really quite horrible I know what these I know what these sounds are I feel the sound is it's coming from the other side of the wall now these sounds are an actual recording from Julian's cell I've been told this is a recording of Belmarsh I get to hear every day people losing it, completely losing it very angry that's it it's a really horrible space I'm just going to sit on the bed and with my back against the wall and you get a clear idea of the size of this space there you go this is the space that Julian Assange has been held in it's quite a low ceiling as well so incredibly incredibly oppressive day after day for years now okay so I'm going to knock on the door and I hope to hear me I want out of here as quickly as possible can you let me out please really freak me out okay so we're here with Tom and Manja and they have created this extraordinary exhibit that's here parked across the street from the gallery where tonight we visited the show Noisy Lakes what this is is a replica of the exact size of the cell where Julian Assange is staying in Belmarsh prison in Belmarsh Lies you can get information www.assangenetwork.net and can you tell us the origin of the idea of this truck and where it's been in Europe or certainly in Germany in the moment we are in Germany where we plan to go to Brussels to Strasbourg to London we want to go everywhere with the cell and the idea is to make people aware of Julian's situation and prison conditions over three and a half years now and you said originally it was permanently in one place and then you decided to put on wheels originally it was in one place in an exhibition in Leipzig and Tom said that we need to bring it on the road we need to bring it everywhere that people see it we come to the people and what has been the reaction of people when they go inside they are all shocked do most of the people who go inside know who Julian Assange is and something about the case on last Friday we had a lot of people who didn't know and then became aware of his conditions and actually one part of his idea is I saw an interview with Julian after he was released on bail after his first arrest in London and he said to the journalist that they all should go for a couple of days they should sell and ask the question if it is humane to put people into boxes and this shows what wonderful and fine character Julian is and I think we need to do it now that inspired you to do this project this was a big part of the inspiration so it just gives you an opportunity to explain to people who don't know about the case or about Julian what it's all about and you find most people are receptive to what you tell them absolutely yes they tell them about it we shut the door they experience it and then they are shocked and then they start to do something and think and this is what it is about that he's in there because of things that he's published and nothing for no other reason absolutely he done no crime he only done right so and can they believe this that this could happen in a western so called democracy? they are so shocked that they in the first moment maybe can't believe it research and look into Julian's case and when this is what we achieve with the cells and we have achieved what we want you hear back from some of the people who yes we hear back when they describe the experience what it does to them when did you start this project? we started actually officially last week last week we had the big or the first cell in Leipzig in the exhibition so people could experience it now since August and you said earlier that you intend to bring it on the road to other countries in Europe yes for example we want to go to Brussels we want to go to Strasbourg to the court of human rights and we want to go to London London? yes have you had any problem with the police about even parking trouble? none yet no just parking like any other vehicle no one any authorities curious about this yet? do you expect that to remain the same when you go to Britain? not really my husband is British so he expect quite a lot of trouble are you going to drive out towards Woolwich where Belmarsh is in that area? yeah and we got a suggestion last week to maybe bring it to the Ecuadorian embassy but we will see there's a lot of police around there still but I think it's a great idea to try it anyway this is extraordinary because in the US there's a billboard truck that goes around in Washington that's been going on for the last couple of months but this is something quite extraordinary so how long do people stay in there without wanting to get out the original plan was to let them be in there for 13 minutes one minute for every year Julian is persecuted in any shape or form but most make it maximum 4 to 5 45 seconds? the longest anybody has ever stayed is 45 minutes no I said 13 minutes is the original plan and most make it 4 to 5 minutes and the longest one was actually last Friday a journalist made it for 13 minutes 30 minutes but the average is 4 to 5 minutes and Zanzai want to come out they want to get out I didn't even make it that long until I was banging on the door thank you very very much you're welcome


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Unizor education. Today we will talk about new type of energy, the energy of gravitational field. So right now we are talking about gravitational field as a concept. Now this lecture is part of the course called Physics for Teens offered on Unizor.com. If you found this lecture somewhere else, like on YouTube, just stand alone. You just have to understand that this is a lecture which is part of the course. There are prerequisites. There are, you know, prior lectures. By the way, one of the prerequisites of this course is another course, which is called Math for Teens, which I consider to be necessary to understand the physics because, especially calculus and vector algebra, because I'm always using these concepts in physics. Well, actually I can say that the whole calculus as a part of the mathematics was invented because of the certain things in physics, which people like Newton had to understand and describe, etc. So math is very important. Okay, so we are talking about gravitational fields right now. Before we were talking about different forces, which are acting on a very short distance, like for instance the horse pulls the wagon. So there is a connection between them, they're touching each other. So these are forces, which we are talking about acting on a very short distance and there is a definite material connection between the source of the force and the object it acts upon. So it's like pushing or pulling or whatever. Now, gravitational forces are felt or are acting upon the distance. So for instance, the comet is flying somewhere near the Sun and it changes its orbit because the Sun pulls it. There is no physical connection, no material connection between them. So the gravitational force is interesting exactly because of this absence of any material connection between the source and the object participating in the action. So that's very important quality. And physicists for a very long time did not really understand how to approach this until they just came up with this concept, which is called field. Which is, well, the field is the part of the space, the area of the space where certain forces are felt by certain objects. Something like gravitational force is felt by any object. So any object which is moving in the gravitational field will change its direction because of gravitational force. Now there are some other fields like electromagnetic fields and they're acting only on certain objects which have these electromagnetic properties, doesn't act on a stone, for instance. So let's talk about the definition. Again, we are talking about gravitational force as something which is basically an area of space where the gravitational field is an area of space where gravitational force acts on a distance without any kind of physical contact between the source and the object. Sometimes I will use the word probe instead of the object. So there is a source of gravitational field, like for instance our planet Earth or Sun. And there is a probe, some kind of an object which is positioned somewhere near this particular source of gravitational field and it feels this force, the gravitational field, and its direction of movement depends on this force or its changes because of this force. So now let's talk about numerical representation of this force. Now we were talking about gravitational force when we were talking about dynamics in the mechanics. So we actually explained what happens and the force was expressed as proportional to masses of the source and the probe object. It's inversely proportional to square distance between them and this is the universal gravitational constant. Now let me explain a little bit this formula. We did talk about this before but I just want to repeat it. These masses are gravitational masses. So it's a measure of how gravitational force acts upon this particular object. Now before in mechanics we were talking about inertial masses. Remember this second law of Newton? Now this is inertial mass. Now experimentally it was discovered that they are actually proportional to each other and that's why we are using one concept mass which is used in both inertial and gravitational meaning. Now in this particular case that was historically the first. So the unit of mass, the unit of acceleration and the unit of force were established in such a way that you can have this equation without any kind of coefficients. Now since this is done our mass is already established. It's grams, kilograms, whatever else. So we're using the same units to measure the gravitational mass and that's why the formula actually doesn't look as pretty as this one. We need this coefficient to align the units of measurement. So this is the same Newton's for instance as in this case and this is the same kilograms as this one and this is the same meters and time is in seconds as here as meters and times in seconds. So that's why we need this coefficient to basically equalize. But what's important is that the mass participating in gravitational activity is proportional to the mass participating in activity related to plane dynamics. So that's about masses. Now let's talk about the square of the distance between these masses. Well first of all I assume that masses are point masses. So it's easier than to talk about the distance between them because it's the distance between two points. Now why is it square? Well I think I already offered this explanation. It's not a proof. It's an explanation basically that if you have a source of gravity then the force actually is spread around the whole sphere around it. And it's the same force which is spread around bigger circle, bigger sphere. So the same mass positioned here and there. Well since the same force is spread around a bigger surface then to a particular point or a small square which is positioned here the amount of these forces are inversely proportional to the area. And area of the sphere is as we know 4 pi r square. So that's why the greater the radius the greater the surface in square proportional to r to radius square. So the same force is basically distributed on a bigger surface. And that's why it's inversely proportional to this one. And again everything which is related to dimensions to bring them into numerically equivalent values are hidden in this constant. Okay so this is the force which acts upon a point object on a distance r of mass m from the source of the gravity m. Well to tell you exactly obviously this object acts upon the source as well. I mean it's mutually attracted. But in our case when we are imagining the source of gravity being let's say sun or earth and this probe object being probably something small we can probably say that okay whatever the force is acted upon this particular object is the force which has a source as an earth or a sun. And we basically ignore how this object attracts the sun. Okay now how from this particular expression of the force I can go into some characteristic of the gravitational field which basically characterizes the field. Now there is a very convenient method using which we can characterize the strengths of the field. And here it is. Let's just think about the field from the energy standpoint. Well if you have an object which is the source of gravitational field and a probe object let's say this is fixed at zero zero coordinates. Now this one has certain coordinate x. Well then the object will be attracted and the force directed towards the origin of coordinates right. Okay fine now what I would like to do is I would like to measure how much work the field will do to basically move this particular object from one location to another. Well let's consider the location is r1 this location is r2. So we are moving from r1 to r2 so all the time the field acts upon this particular object right and the strength of the field is this one right. So the function which describes the force as the function of distance from the origin of coordinates is this right. So direction of the force is against the x coordinates. Now what should I do to find out amount of work which field does by moving from here to here. Well the force is variable right it depends. So I can't really simply multiply force by the distance because the force is changing. However I can break it into infinitely small segments each of them has the the size dx differential of x. Now on this distance my force is this one. So I have to basically integrate force times dx from r1 to r2 to summarize all these little infinitely small segments because this represents the amount of work the field does when we are moving from x to x plus dx right. Okay fine so let's just do it let's calculate this integral it will be this. First of all I'll put minus here because the force acts against the positive direction of the x because this is actually supposed to be a scalar product of two vectors but vector dx is over this way vector f at x always this way so that's why I can just simply put the minus sign and put dx here put integral from r1 to r2 and this is a very easy integral by the way because as we know the derivative of 1 over x is minus 1 over x squared right. So knowing that you can very easily integrate this sink and it will be gm m over x from r1 to r2 which is equal to gm m 1 over r2 minus 1 over r1. So that's the value of this integral and this is amount of work which field does to move from position r1 to position r2. Now here I will do something which I rarely do I'll state something without the proof. You see we are talking about a spherical field right so if you have let's just consider we are in space right this is the source of the gravity and we can move anyway in the gravitational field. All right now the statement which I would like to make is the following amount of work which is needed to move from this point to this point depends only on difference basically it depends only on on distances the beginning in the distance and the ending distance and here is why. Now I talked about this as amount of energy field spans well if we are talking about outside forces it's amount of and I would like to know how much outside forces have to spend energy to move from one point to another. Now in this case field actually helps us right from r1 we are going closer to r2 field pulls this particular object into this direction it's not outside forces which do the job it's the field helps us to do the job which means that if we are talking from the position of outside of this system then the work which is needed should actually be well this value but with a minus sign so whenever we are moving our object closer we are making we are we are working basically gaining energy not spending this whenever we are pulling from the source of gravity further then we are spending energy so that's why whenever we are moving to a very complicated trajectory so whenever we are moving a little bit closer we are gaining energy because the field actually helps us whenever we are trying to move away we spend this energy and eventually all I'm saying is that pluses and minuses are negating each other I mean it's obvious in the one-dimensional case right if you're moving if you're moving this way there then it's negative energy if you're moving this way it's it's positive energy which we have to spend right but eventually if we go back to the same place it will be zero right because nothing's changed and so in one-dimensional case it's it's obvious in three-dimensional case it's not obvious but mathematically it's very easy to show basically all I'm saying and I don't want to overload with these three-dimensional variations of this particular problem I'm explaining on one-dimensional case and just asking you to believe me that in a three-dimensional case it's exactly the same so amount of work which outside forces must spend depends only on the distance the beginning distance and the ending distance and this amount of work is equal to this with a minus sign so whenever it's a plus sign we have just calculated it's the field which is doing if we are looking at this from the outside outside should have it with a minus sign okay that's fine now we will introduce a very useful function which does not depend on the probe object it's a function which describes the field only you see what actually here is dependent on the object the mass right so let's introduce the function which is equal to g m divided by r with a minus sign now if r1 is infinity then we will have basically this right without m so if we will take a unit an object of a unit mass and move it from infinity towards location on a distance r from the source of gravity that's amount of work which we have to do and again it's negative because it's actually the field which helps us it's not me however if we want to move from r to infinity it will be exactly the same but with a plus sign obviously right so this is called gravitational potential it's a characteristic of the field this particular in this particular case we are talking about a spherical gravitational field which is produced by a point object of mass capital m so on any distance r from the position from the center of gravity from the position of this fixed source of gravitational field this is a potential and whenever we want to know amount of energy needed to move an object from one place to another well this amount of energy is equal to multiplied by mass so it's a difference between potentials and this is the potential function times mass so potential gravitational potential is a characteristic of the field at any point within the gravitational field around this particular point object of mass m this is a characteristic of the field the strengths of the field use whatever you want to call it so it's called gravitational potential and again from this we can always find amount of energy needed to move from one position within the gravitational field to another by the probe object with a mass m all right what else did i not talk about let me check okay right so basically i would like to emphasize one more gravitational potential is a very important characteristic of the gravitational field now in this particular field we are talking about the spherical field now there might be more complicated field consider the solar system we have the planets and the planets also have their own gravitational field and gravitational field of the sun is one thing and gravitational field of the earth or or Jupiter or something else is another they're all interpositioned somewhere somehow so we can't really use this centrally symmetrical spherical asymmetrical model but what we can do is at any given moment of time the gravitational field somewhere in the solar system has its potential because it's a sum of all the different gravitational fields and the potential describes the field and all we need to know to find the amount of work to move from one position in the solar system to another is to know potential here and potential there and then multiplying their difference by m we know amount of energy which is needed regardless of the trajectory well this is obviously an ideal situation obviously again there are some losses of energy etc etc but in any case in ideal case in a purely theoretical sense the potential the gravitational potential function regardless of how it's expressed right now for instance it's a complicated in case we have more than one mass right but whatever whatever we have discovered as a function we can use it to calculate the amount of energy now what else is important here is the following now if this is the potential let's let's do this let's take the first derivative of this this is one over r with a minus sign the derivative one over r square right minus and minus so we will have exactly what we have here multiplied by m so what I want to say is that knowing potential knowing gravitational potential not only we can find out very easily amount of work needed to move an object from one point to another we also know the force which is acting at this particular point r and here I would like actually to mention one thing force is a vector potential is a constant it's a scalar now in a one-dimensional case it's kind of easy because what is the derivative derivative is value of one point minus value of another point divided by the distance between these points right in a three-dimensional it's a three-dimensional vector because again what we do is we have one point in three-dimensional and another point the distance is a vector so whenever we are calculating this it's called gradient actually of the gravitational field so it's a vector which actually shows which direction the gravitational potential grows so we will talk about this maybe a little bit more details in another lecture but I just want you to know that we can derive from this gravitational potential we can derive energy needed to move from one place to another and we can determine the strength of the force and direction the strength and direction of the force acting upon the the object all right which means that this is actually like acceleration and now we are going into a second law of Newton right okay so that's it for today I do recommend you to read the textual material for this particular lecture it just helps you to digest this concept of a field gravitational potential etc that's it thanks very much and goodbye


What's going on, everyone? Sam here with Layton Sports Cars, ripping one box of a 2021-22 Penini Spectra basketball for Brian B. It's a good luck here, Brian. Let's see what we got in here for you, buddy. And glad your order ended up going through. That made it much easier, I'm sure, for you. Kari Irving. There's an Evan Mobley base rookie for B. Cavaliers. We've got first auto, 31 out of 49 on the catalyst, Thomas Bryant for the Wizards. Nice one there with the old throwback Muneon. Very cool. Then we've got a Luca Spectacular debut, silver for the Mavs. Egg grading. I don't know, I think it's a good idea. I think it's probably still got, they probably still got like stuff they're gonna have to work out, but I don't know. I think it's a good thought for sure. Evan Mobley. I like the idea of AI grading. I think that's gonna be, I think that's the future. 10 out of 35, Santi Aldema on the purple aspiring auto. Then we've got Ray Allen Celestial on the Spectacular debut for the Bucks. That is 72 out of 99. Zach Levine. That's kind of cool. 11 out of 25, Elvin Hayes on the Icons auto for the Bullets, aka the Wizards. Nice one there. Congrats on that there, Brian. Elvin Hayes action. And a Steve Nash, 13 out of 49 on the, oh what are these called? Not Universal. Oh God, that's gonna bug me. Here I gotta look that up. That's really gonna bug me. Not Metamorphosis, right?  Uh, one, sorry Brian, just for my own peace of mind, I needed to know what these are called because it's gonna bother me if I don't know. I think it could be Metamorphosis. Interstellar. Interstellar. That's what it's called. Interstellar. Not Metamorphosis. Not even close on Metamorphosis as a matter of fact. About as far away as you can get. All right, Laurie Markinin. Zach Levine. We've got Jalen Green. 32 out of 99 on the Celestial RPA. There you go, Brian. Congrats, buddy. That is nasty. That is on card as well. Awesome, awesome hit. There you go. We'll get that in a mag for you after the break. And we've got a KPJ, 77 out of 99 for the Rockets. That'll do it for your break there. Brian, thanks again for jumping in. Congrats on all your hits, especially with the Jalen Green. We'll get them right out to you, man.