Aloha, and welcome back to the Creative Life from the American Creativity Association on Think Tech Hawaii. I'm your host, Phyllis Bleece, and our co-host today is Darlene Boyd. On the show, we will be discussing how to live where you love and how to love where you live with our guest architect, David Appelbaum. We are also dedicating today's show to David's Professor of Architectural Design at Texas A&M and who is now his longtime mentor and friend, Rodney Hill. Rodney has been an active member of the American Creativity Association for its over 30 years in existence and he is now an active member of our board. So this is to you, Rodney. You can send questions by email to questions at ThinkTechHawaii.com. So my great pleasure to welcome you today, David. Let me start with you. Can you tell us what led you into a career path as an architect leading straight to the stars? Aloha, and thank you for having me. This is a very arduous question because when I was younger, there was not a lot I couldn't feel like I could be successful at, but I knew I didn't like reading long, voluminous types of things. Now that later on, I had something called ADD, and I needed something that was going to have a lot of different tentacles to it and took an aptitude test and said I was really good at math and art and three-dimensional thinking and dealing with people and become an artist wasn't quite enough of a job for me as much as I thought that would be great. There was no such thing though, I asked, is there such a thing as a vice president in terms of creativity? I think now there are plenty of jobs like that, but at that time, the guy said the counselor who happened to be a gentleman said I don't know and more importantly, I don't know what kind of degree we get. So we put our heads together and thought that architecture was a pretty good profession to handle all of those things at once. That's so interesting that you shared with the audience about this ADD, Attention to Deficit Disorder diagnosis. So freely, Darling and I are both very involved with gifted and talented students, and there's a high correlation between that population and the ADD and dysgraphia and dyslexia. That makes a lot of sense. I think being left-handed creates so much opportunity because the world is right-handed and for you to be able to ascertain and maneuver your way through a right-handed world takes an amazing amount of depth perception and creative thinking and visualization because you have to visualize it in both ways. I believe that everything is a double-edged sword. Whatever you think is good, there's always something that's not so good. The chocolate is delicious, but it makes you fat and might give you diabetes. On the other hand, being stuck in a desert might be a terrible thing to happen, but you might have revelations that you never would have if you were on a city street. So everything, there's an opportunity in everything. There's a chance for the flower to grow through the crack of every sidewalk that there is. Right. So tell us how you got on this pathway. How early in your life were you able to translate your skills, math, and art and socializing into architecture?  I would rearrange furniture in a lot of places that it didn't make sense to me, even if it was a relative or a friend's house. I even though I did this more as a joke, but in high school, I called a contractor into the library to redesign the way it was laid out. I was mostly just being a rebellious teenager, but because I knew nothing was going to come of it, but I didn't like the library. I thought it was very uninviting. So it's just always been something that I've done. And it's funny. I know that you have an image, but I recently did a house for a Hollywood star who is very much into gaming and Game of Thrones and the Hobbit series. And so I believe you have a picture of a Hobbit window that we put into the bathroom of the house. This house also has Indiana Jones rope bridge to take you from the house to the guest house and a lot of other really fun things that you don't have to lose your childlike innocence and wonder and joy. And I mean, every client's different. You know, you have that one. I think you also have one of a staircase in a house that I did, which was it was interesting on several levels because it's the other end of the spectrum. This is a client who's got a house that most of the pieces of art are worth more than the house. And the house is a very expensive house. Is this the high slide, David? Yes, it's the perfect, absolutely perfect slide. And this is a this is a staircase that actually this was a job. This was the thing about this job that I love more than anything else is I was in my 20s. And this particular staircase, the clients didn't understand why I had the staircase in the middle of the house. They thought the staircase needed to be on an outside wall. And they said, move into the outside wall where the clients were paying you. You must do it.  And when it was framed up, they understood because this was a very it was a hilly lot. And if you have a first floor and a second floor and about 30 feet of wall and it's all one wall, it's very inhuman. And this particular house had a first floor and it had a patio outside that first floor and a trellis above it. And then the wall of the first floor became the railing of the second floor patio and the second floor stepped back and the staircase needed to go even further in, which is why the staircase was in the middle of the house. And just looking at the floor plan and just looking at the edifice, it didn't make sense to them because they've never seen anything like that. But by having it in the middle of the house, it gave the exterior chance to allow human beings to feel that there was a human scale around them that the house was welcoming. There's a what you don't get is there's a lot of glass and there's this interior exterior connection with materials that are both outside the house and inside the house that tie it all together so it feels larger and it also feels human and properly scaled at the same time. How long did it take for them to come over to your side? Well, the meeting basically did it. But I remember it wasn't until we started to get a permit. So it was about eight months later when the house was framed that the wife came up to me and said, now I spent this whole time thinking this pertinent young man is really getting under my skin. But now today, I understand why you did what you did. Now that it's all formed and you can see the masses to the point where I also gave you a couple of pictures of models. I'm doing a house in Houston right now that's on a floodplain. And most architects have what I call an edifice complex. They just look at what the form is supposed to look like. But we don't live in the solids, we live in the spaces. And this is in particular as a house that the best way to put it is the floodplain and FEMA requires that the living level be two feet above the floodplain, which in this case was nine and a half feet. Well, most architects just follow the rigid follow the box. I've always done a house. It looks like a monopoly token. So they just took the monopoly token and put it on top of the thimble. But you've got the front door 10 feet above the ground. And I always joke that it's like Monty Python and the Holy Grail when they stormed the French castle and the the nights up in the French nights are up top going we get tossing cows and hot oil on them and saying, you cannot come in here, we cannot thank you. And it just that's the great thing for a castle. But it's a terrible thing for a home. You want your neighbors to feel like they can borrow a cup of sugar. So I need a model in order to get all of the three dimensions to work sculpturally and and have the flow spatially work in a way that celebrates the lifestyle of the client. So that particular house I was able to figure out a way and it took a while, a long while to get it so that I had a door on the ground that was well made. Hold that thought, David. We're going to run up. You've got two slides of the model of the Houston house. And Eric is showing one right now. We don't know whether that door is here. This is the door is there. Actually, the door, this is a whole another story because this is dealing with with building permits and how difficult they make things. I had a glass bottom floor and I have a staircase. I have a slightly older couple with some knee issues and hip issues. So I have a cylindrical elevator shaft with a staircase that winds its way all the way up to this upper level. And I wanted to showcase that. But the city and the community associate association wouldn't allow that because they were afraid since this is a service floor, it's not an actual living space. But I created a foyer because that was legal. And and it works and still gets all the it meets all the female requirements so that the the flood insurance would be four hundred dollars a year instead of three thousand dollars a year. And but the city was afraid that everybody else would then put glass on their service level and then put in air conditioning ducts and things like that, which is the silliest thing I've ever heard in my life. But yes, the front door is right there at the front. And it's a it's a four foot wide glass pivot door. And I'm using lighting techniques to make that top floor look like it's floating over the solid wall that the city made me put in the front. So if I could, I want to kind of see where we are on today. We're trying to learn the creative process from you, an architect who is accessing what we said in our blurb, his his inner disruptor. And you have already just shortly ago, you said that with one of your clients, they wanted to go X, you wanted Y, you were a bit of a disruptor there. Disruption had to play itself out. And I guess your social skills played into your being getting them to agree with you. And then you built this interior staircase. And when I wish you would talk a little bit about how you were telling me, stairs aren't really stairs. They're not what you think. You have to stop and watch where you're going and pay attention when you're when you're moving through them, that they are rhythms in the house. And I think he said, doorknobs are not doorknobs. They're handshakes and handshakes that welcome you into the next space. This is something to go back to our our grand visionary, Rodney Hill, who we spoke with before. When I had him my very first semester of my freshman year of college, he did something that changed my life and I have used it ever since. And it has later been refined into ask why or why not in everything that you get, not to be a jerk, just to make sure that you know what is important. We were we had just turned in a project. A lot of people had pulled all nighters and Rodney walked in and just looked at everybody, dropped his shoulder and said, everybody looks so dispirited. Let's have some fun. I have a friend who's invented an energy drink. It's delicious, whether it's hot or whether it's cold, it's savory, it can be sweetened. It's got aromatics that are off the charts. But in order to really sell it, he wants there to be a decanter that you can enjoy this beverage with that really says something about how special this energy drink is. Go crazy, everybody. I want you to spend some time thinking about some way that you can enjoy this this new energy drink. And so we're all drawing all these things, feverishly put them on the wall. We talk about what's good and what's bad about them. And with constructive criticism, that's what architecture school is all about, constructive criticism. And then he holds on to them to give to his friend. About a month and a half later, he says, what's wrong with everybody? You're so like days ago. Let's have some fun. I want everybody to tell me who they are by designing a coffee mug that says I am this. And we all drew it. And as we're putting them on the wall, he stands up, he pulls out a folder and he takes all of our energy drink drawings. He puts them right next to our coffee mugs and says, will any of you tell me what the difference is between coffee and an energy drink that is delicious, hot or cold, aromatic, savory, can be sweet? He said, you have hopefully now learned a lesson that when we fit ourselves into boxes with titles and we say coffee mug, they're all cylindrical, sometimes square with a handle. But when you're asked to do to break it down and say, what is coffee? But those descriptors, your creativity opens up. The possibilities become endless. This is something that has stuck with me since then. And that was when I started realizing, OK, well, is this a doorknob? No, it's not just a doorknob. It's a handshake that welcomes you into the next space. Staircases make you stop, pay attention to where you are. And then with each step, you get closer and you get a different perspective. Columns, as you drive by or walk by them, they create a rhythm. And if they're close together or far apart, you get either. Or. Or. And that's all part of the total experience. And if we can break down our lives, not just architecture, not just coffee mugs, but our lives into what is it that really matters? The relationships that we get in, whether they're familial, whether they're romantic, whether they're friendship. There's an essence to them that if you really break it down, it's not just friendship. It's something deeper and something unique. And it's everything. If we break down and ask why or why not, it gives us an opportunity to find things that nobody else has seen before. So, you know, I love that story and what it reminds me of in the law, we talk about form driving substance. And what I feel like you've done for me is you have as an architect, architects often just focus on form, getting all the numbers and getting everything to match so the building won't fall down. And at the end of the day, getting the form right is that's 100 percent of a job done. You do a 200 percent of the job when you push through from seeing not just the form, but the substance. And then you're dealing with the energetics of the house and it comes alive through the substance.   Yes, that's your 200 percent job given. And I think that's that's one of your secret sources in helping people to live where they love and also love where they live. It's it's so important. I mean, I could get into it again and again, but then we can build stories around that as well. You have a drawing that I did, which was came into a building that had a bow shaped truss. It had originally been a bowling alley and then became a roller disco. We were turning it into a store. That's it. So you can see it's got a bow, but a bow is more interesting if it's got an arrow and that arrow is drawn. And so when you walk into the space or now that you've seen, this was the sketch that was given to the client. And I actually made it nicer than what I sent the client. But if you then look at the next one, which is the realization of that, you can see that we created an arrow by having the vertical metal shoe displays as the shaft. There's a pyramidal skylight, which is the arrowhead. And there's a pit around the the display of the shoes that acts as the hand that is grasping and drawing the bow.  But that doesn't matter for an architect.  And so the bow and the arrow just gave me the ability to create how the design would work. If it was just designed something pretty, you could go in a million different directions. But if you have a reason and I make stories up about everything that I do. And even if nobody when you walk in and say, hey, look, so when I was zoning, this is actually an arrow. You see to go with the they'll say, oh, I didn't see that. But this is how it works. I hope that made sense. No, it didn't make sense. And I know we have some more images for you to share. And I think that Darlene has some questions. Yeah, as I as I'm listening to you, David, and you too, Phyllis, it seems to me, David, that you have as much passion for people as you do for buildings. So with that in mind, let me ask this question. How do you think religion, economics and personal beliefs change how the people you work with and interact with? How do you think they interact with their environments as a result of that? And then that contributing to the development of the home or the building that you're working on? Well, those I've never been asked that before. So you asked how religion, which in my case, I would just say spirituality and a a connection to this is going to say, boy, this, I hope this doesn't get me in trouble. If you read the actual Hebrew of the Bible, it doesn't say in the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. It says in a beginning, God created the foundation on which we stand and the stars and the ephemeral that is up above us. That's a whole different thing. And that's that that changing the literal that everybody thinks is what it is, and then making it much more open and much more personal and much more grounded and aspirational. That's kind of what I'm always looking for. That's exactly where extra spark. Yeah, yeah. So it's funny because I've been called the architect to the stars because I've done some famous people's houses, but all of my clients are stars. And actually it's the buildings that allow each one of the clients to aspire to reach the stars, to reach that extra level. That's what I aspire to do. That's I hope what makes me better choice as an architect than certain other people that are just going to give you two bedrooms of bath and a car. I'm going to give you a flow. I'm going to choreograph your lifestyle.  Look, in the first hour of the day, everybody does something different depending on who they are. Some go for a run, some have to go to the bathroom, some need to read the news, some check on the kids, some have to cook meals for, I mean, it's different and unique for every person. And my job is to find what those things are and especially how they will grow. Because if you have four-year-old kids, you're going to have 14-year-old kids eventually. How do you create the kind of house that will make that lifestyle as special as it can be? Let me do a quick, let me please just in a quick one. Any comments that you have, we've talked about this before off camera, the relationship to building on the islands versus building on earthquake ground. Well, it's so funny, because when you think of the islands, what do you think of? You think of oceans, you think of breezes, you think of palms swaying, you think of bamboo everywhere. And that is a whole different flavor than rocks and earthquakes and cornfields and suburban tracts. And they're all different. I've spent a lot of time in Hawaii. My ex-wife was from there. And I still have some friends in Maui that I adore and visit. And there's a different kind of humidity. This is going to sound really weird, but the air because of the humidity, if they were to paint it, I might use going back to coffee. I might use coffee to paint that because there's something about the wash in that that seems to embody that flavorful air in Hawaii. Let's be honest, thank you on that. Before we wrap up, did you have a question, darling? I think I've, no. Well, at this point, I'm looking at the clock too. And yes, Daniel. Are we really close to our 28 minutes already? Yes, sir. We're down to nine. It seems like two. I'm glad you shared your relationship to the islands. And you were just saying for a moment, we do know that you have been the architect of the stars. And you had a slide for us today. I think people would love to see Diane Keaton's kitchen. You've worked with Frank Sinatra, Shari Lewis, Cuba Gooding, Seth Green. You said these are very compassionate and co-operative creators with you. Do you want to show us, Eric, real quick, this Diane Keaton kitchen? Anything you want to say about that? This was just, this was a remodeled kitchen. Yeah, we didn't have any space. So I had to go underneath the staircase. That curve is to give me an extra four feet in the kitchen that we would have not been able to put an island in. But you had to think beyond the outside four walls in order to make it work. Which kitchen is this, her Hollywood or Laguna? Diane Keaton. Well, that was her Beverly Hills house. Beverly Hills. That was a few houses ago. All right, we're gonna have to leave it there. You've been watching The Creative Life on Think Tech Hawaii. Today, darling boy and I have been discussing how to live where you love and love where you live with architect David Appelbaum. Thanks so much for participating Mahalo. I'm Phyllis Blyse. We will be back in two weeks with another edition of The Creative Life with a guest who is a professor and director of creative thinking at New York State's Buffalo State University. His name is Gerard Puccio. With that, aloha.


Think Tech Away. Civil engagement lives here. Good afternoon. Welcome to the Global Report. As of Asia Review that was previously hosting, the show is about having guest experts on to share their perspective on global developments. This afternoon we have with us Ambassador Nura... Nura Sojaya. Nura Sojaya. He's the ambassador of Indonesia to Singapore. Welcome to the show Ambassador Sojaya. Thank you very much for having me. Thanks for being here. Now, Mr. Ambassador, 2017 was the momentous year for Indonesia. Among other things, it marked the 50th anniversary between Singapore and Indonesia and also marked the 50th anniversary of ASEAN of which Indonesia was a founding member. Why don't we start off by talking about ASEAN? Would you mind giving us a little background on ASEAN? How it came about? Well, first of course, I think when ASEAN was first founded there was a lot of skepticism and there was a lot of criticism toward ASEAN because of course we have to also understand that ASEAN is comprised of countries at the beginning with different political as well as legal backgrounds. So the pace of movement of ASEAN was of course at the pace comfortable to all. Then ASEAN is growing, becoming ASEAN 10. And of course the collaborations, cooperation in ASEAN was not only limited to issues that really make everybody comfortable so ASEAN started to talk about political security issues as well as evolving into a community where we also embraced a number of internationally accepted norms and values and that is when ASEAN was recognized to become a community. Now you talk about the differences in political ideologies. Has that been the biggest obstacle towards... Well, this is the learning curve that ASEAN has already been learning in the evolving history of 50 years. So as I said at the beginning they are ready to talk about non-relatively politically sensitive collaborations that they started with cultural corporations economic cooperation. But when ASEAN is evolving of course we also see the responsibility of the organization to really maintain patient stability by entering into issues that was before considered as sensitive including, for example, some issues pertaining to transnational crimes although the legal system is different from one country to another but of course we are here to bridge those gaps in order to really address and collaborate more effectively among countries in the region. What about issues that are more debatable, more controversial such as the South China Sea because we have Cambodia and Laos that have closed ties to China and would rather such dispute be kept out of multilateral forum and we have Malaysia, Philippines and Vietnam that are claimants in the dispute. How does ASEAN deal with that? Look, I was about to tell you that in the evolving history of ASEAN of course we do not live in a vacuum. We live in a very dynamic geopolitical and the region as well as the global level and ASEAN certainly will be affected by whatever the dynamic that we are going to see in the region. Take for example, of course each of the ASEAN member states have their own unresolved territorial negotiations. There are still disputes among some of the ASEAN member states but the most important thing is that we agree that all of those disputes all of those potential disputes that we have we agree that those should be resolved in a peaceful manner through negotiation and dialogue and that is very important. It does not necessarily mean that when we agree on that principles then over the period of five years we will be able to settle that but look at the situations that we have before between Thailand and Cambodia it was because of ASEAN then finally both countries are ready to settle although it was brought to the UN before. Are you referring to the temple? The territorial dispute between the temple between Cambodia and Thailand so it was brought to the UN and the UN was referred back to ASEAN because look you have your own mechanism. Why don't you settle it there? Don't bring it to the UN agenda. When you are able to settle it then you better settle it among yourself. I'm looking at some of the examples that we have already been experiencing in the evolving history of ASEAN. Now coming to the South China Sea I think this again as I mentioned that each of the ASEAN member states still have the unresolved territorial negotiations. Of course the territorial dispute, territorial claims is still there and the situation is becoming very complicated because we are not talking about a dispute between two countries. It's an overlapping claims. If you agree between the two parties it may not also satisfy the third parties and the fourth parties and so on and so forth. So we anticipated that back in 2002 then we agreed to sit down with China, ASEAN and China then we came up with this declaration of the conduct which eventually it will evolve into the code of conduct and now we see the process is moving forward despite the difficulties for us to really make this move very quickly because again we live not in a vacuum. We live in a dynamic world. So then we see now the shift where China becoming number two economy in the world and of course they would like to play a significant role in the region and when we could not develop a conducive environment in the region to resolve the issue of the South China Sea in a peaceful manner so then we will end up in a tit for tat in terms of statement and so on and so forth. So now yes this is a challenge for ASEAN that was the reason why I think from the beginning ASEAN has already been making it very clear. The most important thing for ASEAN is ASEAN unity and ASEAN centrality. Now you mentioned the notions of unity and centrality. I recall that when President Duterte came into power he very boldly announced Manila's departure separation from their long-term airline and realigned their ideological flow with China. How did that affect ASEAN when you have one of your members taking quite a big departure from the... Well that is a matter of each of the ASEAN member states foreign policy. ASEAN is not dictating the foreign policy of each of the ASEAN member states but I think our departure point is that we have a common principles. We have a common objective and goals that we are going to reach and it will not prevent each of the ASEAN member states to take their own foreign policy I mean in a different way so long as this is not contrary to the goals objective as well as the principles in ASEAN. So long as this is not contrary to that I think each of the ASEAN member states can pursue their own foreign policy ways to serve their own national interests. Now you mentioned foreign policy with President Duterte. There seems to be a rather broad perception that he has a lack of interest in foreign policy. Look at what is happening now. I mean people then finally realize that they misunderstood the President. They did not understand very well. I mean the commitment of the President. He is the only President that is visiting I think the second President of Michigan if not the only Indonesian President visiting Afghanistan in trying to help promoting patient stability and reconciliation in Afghanistan. And last month he made a trip to while he is attending the ASEAN India commemorative summit he made a trip to Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh to see the Rohingya in Kokwasa and went to Pakistan as well as Afghanistan. He did that also because he is still also holding a championship of Iowa the Indian Ocean re-associations. So a lot of international commitments that Indonesia is continue to pursue including also our candidature to the non-permanency of the U.S. Security Councils. This again you know if the President is lack of ambition in term of playing an active role in the international diplomacy why we you know putting our candidature in the U.S. Security Councils. I think this is very much consistent with the constitutions that we have. It was mandated by the constitutions that the administration roles would be active in trying to pursue peace and stability in the world. So he really presented with results that it's not that he suffered no lack in foreign policy but he seems to be putting his focus on bilateral relations with different countries. Look you know what is he trying to do is that of course first he saw that in order to make the Indonesian economy competitive we are still lacking in terms of the infrastructure. So that was the reason why he was really nailing at what are the priorities to make Indonesian economy competitive. You know without Indonesian economy competitive then Indonesia will not also be able to play an effective role in the context of the ASEAN community. Without Indonesian economy you know becoming competitive so we will not also be able to you know promote the high economy growth in the region. Look Indonesian are comprising of almost half of the ASEAN populations. So that is exactly the difference perhaps you know he was really addressing the issue of infrastructure development and we see you know over the past three years of his presidency the ease of doing business in Indonesia I think for example just take one indicator improve a job from it was ranked 109 two years ago now ranked 72. It was a significant improvement in addition to that all of the international rating agencies gave Indonesia investment grade and you know this is not happening just like that this is happening because of the efforts put by the administration and his team and this really you know bringing an energy to ASEAN you know to even grow further. This morning I was at the ASEAN EU Business Summit and I think everybody is you know both from EU and ASEAN they are talking about the brighter future that we see you know ahead of us but it does not necessarily mean without any challenges. What do you think are the chances of our Indonesia securing a seat at the UN Security Council. We are working very hard you know as you know that we are contributors of almost 5,000 peacekeeping forces all over the world in the conflict areas. And you were the first you were also the first country that went in that was allowing to the Rakhine state when. Yeah well you know we of course we send humanitarian assistance we are trying to ease the suffering of the people. There are some criticism toward ASEAN in saying that you know what ASEAN is doing you know after what is happening. You know they simply do not see that I think immediately after that the foreign ministers have a meeting and then of course they were briefed by the Myanmar government on the situations. And then they agree on some of the principles such as you know secession of hostility is the suffering of the refugees and providing humanitarian assistance as well as you know in helping how to find lasting solutions on these issues. So it is wrong if we say that ASEAN is not doing anything on that. Well especially Indonesia is not playing a very active role in this regard. Well thank you so much Mr. Ambassador we're going to take a little break here and when we come back we're going to be talking about the diplomatic relations between Singapore and Indonesia. Okay that's you. I want to know will you watch my show. I hope you do. It's on Tuesdays at one o'clock and it's out of the comfort zone and I'll be your host RV Kelly. See you there. Hello everyone I'm DeSoto Brown the co-host of Human Humane Architecture which is seen on Think Tech, Hawaii every other Tuesday at 4 p.m. And with the show's host Martin Desbang we discuss architecture here in the Hawaiian Islands and how it not only affects the way we live but other aspects of our life not only here in Hawaii but internationally as well. So join us for Human Humane Architecture every other Tuesday at 4 p.m. on Think Tech, Hawaii. Welcome back to the Global Report. I'm your host Lillian. We have with us today Mr. Ambassador Sojaya who is the international ambassador to Singapore. Welcome back to Sojaya Ambassador. Thank you very much. Now Mr. Ambassador I know that last year also marked the 50th anniversary of the formal diplomatic relations between Singapore and Indonesia. From the beginning back to 1967 things were we had a rocky start didn't we? Well you know as you know that you know they also I mean Singapore also have a situation in Malaysia. The confrontation. The confrontation was there and I think the region was dominated by conflicts or people call it as a proxy war at that time. And some countries newly independent colonization was becoming eliminated. So as a young country of course we face a lot of challenges to move forward. So bilateral relations between Indonesia and Singapore has already been you know continue growing. So last year celebration we used that in order to first you know learn from the lessons that we have over the past 50 years. Number two we also you know see the continuing progress despite the fact that we are still having some challenges as neighbors as always like that. But at the same time also the third you know we would like to see the momentum that we have in order to bring the partnership and cooperation between the two countries to the next level. Now did this establishment of formal relations didn't occur a month was it before? Was it ASEAN or after ASEAN? I think it was a month after. Yeah ASEAN was 8th of August and bilateral relations was 7th of September. So a month after ASEAN established. Do you think ASEAN was instrumental in prompting both countries to come together? I think so you know because I think this is a brilliant ideas of the founding countries of ASEAN. And the brilliant ideas of the foreign ministers who gathered in Bangkok at the time. Because they you know they see what has already been happening in the region and they would like to prevent that from happening. How to prevent that from happening so then you know they establish ASEAN. But even the things that the member states commit to doing now those are voluntary or are there any ramifications if they don't follow through? Look you know at the beginning it was only five member states involved in the establishment of ASEAN. We know that some countries are still facing some problems also. But I think the inspirations at the time is also certainly to include all of those you know includes into the geographical term of South East Asia. So we are talking about Laos, Myanmar and even you know the membership of the process of membership of new ASEAN member states was not also a smooth sailing you know there are some turbulences and there but then finally we agree that you know we include all of the ASEAN South East Asian countries. Now the last I mean the team of state for example has already presenting their official can you know applying officially applying to become a member of ASEAN. Now ASEAN if you're talking about ASEAN of course some countries are even thinking I mean this is not this is not a joke. But this is the fact that you know I was told by our colleague the Norway ambassador to ASEAN. There was a debate in the parliament so I don't know we also joined ASEAN. Papua New Guinea is also making it you know clear that they would like to also apply membership in ASEAN. That's wonderful it's fabulous. Now going back 50 years looking at history between Singapore and Indonesia the relationship. What some of the more significant challenges that came along the way 50 years was a long time for any relationship. What were some of the more significant challenges and how does Singapore and Indonesia work together to overcome them? Well you know there are a number of issues raised between Indonesia and ASEAN that was affecting the bilateral relations in the past. But I think the most important thing is that at the beginning we have a very good personal relations between the leaders of the two countries. This helped a lot. And you're referring to Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew and President Suharto. Yeah President Suharto and President Suharto. So this really helps a lot. And I think after 50 years we think that we need also to involve more and more people to people dialogue and interactions. We should not take each other for granted you know because we are neighbors and then you know we don't need to learn from each other. I think this is the lessons that we also learned in the past 50 years. Now when President Suharto departed was that a big hiccup because now we couldn't depend on the personal rapport. Yeah of course that was you know a major change you know in Indonesia we call it a fundamental transformation in Indonesia. Of course people have anxiety whether this is going to where is this going to bring Indonesia in the future. Whether the relations that we already been developing you know a good personal relations will remain so this is going to change and so on and so forth. But the fact of the matter is that I think you know despite the hiccup that we have you know in our transformation process you see a consistency. I was asked whether the foreign policy remains remains it was guided by the the Indonesian constitution until 1945 remains as what as what it was when Indonesia was first proclaimed its independence. So it remains you know there active and free and active foreign policy remains also very much in pursuit of the Indonesian foreign policy. So well you know there were some worried at the beginning but then they see that you know we are moving toward you know the right directions. I recall in 2013 there was that trans-boundary haze that caused a little bit of tension between Singapore and Indonesia. How did the two countries you know resolve that or overcome that tension that arose? Look you know when we are talking about forest fire you may want to see one of the very famous painting collections made by a very famous Indonesian artist which is very famous in Europe. Now it's still in the National Gallery the collections of Indonesian painters. One of the painting which is I think you know the home of this painting is in a National Gallery. It was dated 1885 and the title of the painting is forest fire. So I mean forest fire is not only happening just now I mean only recently it has already been you know natural phenomenon. But of course it was perhaps made worse with this expansion of plantation which is not sustainable and so on and so forth. So we you know acknowledge that this is a very important issues that we are all committed to address. When we have haze the most people affected the most was Indonesians. Those who live around the forest the city is located not so far away from the forest. I cannot imagine how they live their life you know during haze. But then of course we are putting a lot of efforts. We are trying to address not only to put out the fire but also to do some prevention measures. It's you know it's happened in the past two years. And in 2014 Singapore erected a trans boundary haze act essentially making it a criminal act for any conduct and cause you know haze in Singapore. It's regardless I mean that the law was targeted at companies not the country but Indonesia take it personal. I mean you know our stand our official stand is this is the right obligation of every country to develop their own law. But also we have a stand that you know every country should also protect their own citizens. So long as this is conducted within you know the spear of each of the countries I think we can also enact it. What kind of law that we want to enact and the only problem is the transnational nature of that law. You know whether this is going to be applicable is a different question again. It's a different situation you know whether this is going to be very effective and there's also you know different issues all together. Whether this is going to be effective in order to prevent you know such and you know such an issue. But the most important thing I think we believe that we are ready to collaborate with the international community. And I think it has already been shown in the past two years in the future. And maybe the rest of the countries in the region should be reminded that those days when there are no forest fires Indonesia provided a lot of fresh air to the region in the trees right. I'm not saying that I'm reminding Singapore. Yeah well we don't want to just talk about problems. We don't talk about some of the accomplishments and even a celebration. Last year was the 50th anniversary. What were some of the commemorative events that took place? Where? What were some of them? I know there was a book launch and stands. You know I think our embassy here I think we organize or involve there might be two or three events every month during one year. In the year that's leading up to the actual date. Yeah last year starting from January. You know starting from January we kick off the events by organizing a business forum. And then of course officially kicked off by the meeting of the two foreign ministers. And then there are some cultural events, book launching you know. Even the last December we organized this you know you were participating in that the fund run. I think this is also one way for us to bring Singaporeans and Indonesians to do good things together with this very healthy. And where they can also interact with each other. I mean this is really a very good opportunity for people to interact with each other. But the most significant event of course the pick of the event was the retreat between the two leaders. And the fly pass you know on the sky of Singapore as well as Indonesia. It was really you know spectacular events witnessed by the leaders of the two countries and the people of the two countries. And I think this you know symbolizing a lot of things like closeness the commitments you know. And there was even a tree planting. Yeah you can see if you go to the botanical garden you will see a rising tree. What kind of tree? It's an oak tree. It's a rising tree you know rising is Republic of Indonesia and Singapore. So there's a tagline. Now who came up with that was it Singapore side or Indonesia side? No we both came up with that idea you know when we are preparing for these commemorations. And we are thinking of what is what should be the tagline you know. Then we I mean our I have to give credit to our junior colleagues you know they are. Of course they consulted me and then they came up with how we can do this and then all of a sudden rising is rising 50. It's it was very wonderful and I think we agree also that we are still going to use the rising tagline. But without 50 because it's 51 or even up. So we are going to organize fashion show we call it rising fashion. There will be a project we call it rising project. It's the Republic of Indonesia and Singapore project. So rising so many things you know. And I think this really the momentum that we created from the commemoration of the 50th anniversary. Well that sounds wonderful. Well thank you so much Mr. Ambassador. Thank you for sharing your perspectives with us today. My pleasure. I want to say happy anniversary on both counts and congratulations on both counts. Thank you very much. Thank you so much.


Okay, so as Justin already introduced me, I'm now going to talk a bit about what's new and systemed in 2016. I'll actually cover two things, half of it is, or more than half of it is actually going to be about the stuff that we did in 2015 and the beginning of 2016 and the other stuff that we're working on 2016. So yeah, a little bit more about the, I mean it's going to be a fairly technical talk actually, but I'll initially talk a little bit about the community, like we had the Github presented just talking in front of me before me. So one of the things that actually changed in 2015 is that we switched to Github with our project, which is like, it's much better I think than the stuff that we had before. It also has quite a few drawbacks, but the major goal that we wanted to achieve with that is actually increase our base of contributors by making it easier to contribute, because most people already have a Github account, while the stuff that we're using before, which was like free desktop and these kind of things and back there and stuff, it wasn't really like people generally don't have accounts there, so it's much more difficult for people to contribute. And that worked out. I think nowadays that we are in Github we got a lot more of these drive-by contributions, like people who just found some buckets in something or want to have some improvement in one component of system D, and they quickly hack it up and push it into a PR and then we can actually merge that. So these kind of drive-by patches I believe are one of the most important kind of contributions to open source projects because they actually make the polishing of a project, like they fill in the little gaps that make the software nice to use. So yeah, Github is much better, but it still has major issues. It's kind of incompatible with our workflow in some ways. So it was actually surprising to us that Github, which is like the thing that everybody uses these days, still has these issues that we think there is. I'm not going to go into too much detail what that is, but yeah. Also system D has nowadays been adopted by all the big distributions, like the one major exception that people know it's Gantu, but everything else, like all the commercial distributions like RHEL and SLAS and things like that have adopted it, and all the community distributions like Debian and Fedora have to. So if you're running a distribution from the last year or two or something, you are very likely to run system D. So yeah, it's commercially and community adopted, I guess, but of course raises the question if all the controversies around system D, which I think most of you probably noticed in the community going on, are over now, and whether we are boring now, right, like because well, it's done now, right, like the decisions have been made. So maybe there's something else to discuss over the next years. Anyway, something like, you know, system D, we always define that as this basic building block, like this basic set of tools that you can build an operating system from or a distribution from. One of the more recently added components of system D is network D. Network D is a, well, as the name suggests, a network configuration system. It's, of course, there are many of those already in the around, but network D I think is a much nicer one because it is very generic and is capable of applying configuration, like that you write once to many interfaces and it has all these interlinking. So in many ways it does what network manager does in most Linux distribution, but it does it differently and does it in a way that we think is actually nicer and generally more compatible with much of the stuff that administrators and embedded people want to do with it. Network D is far from complete, right? Like you cannot even, you cannot even talk to it dynamically, right? Like everything you do is you write rules and we'll execute them, but you cannot even talk to it just yet, but that didn't stop many embedded developers and many cloud distributions to actually adopt it already. So this is one of the more recent successes we had is that both Fedora's and Ubuntu's cloud edition now install network D by default and use that for network configuration. Because in the cloud systems usually it's pretty easy, right? Like you have usually just one interface and you want to do DHCP for that and it should be dynamic and things like that. And that's pretty much network D is perfect for that because it can do that and can do that dynamically and can do that nicely and things like that and has not many, many like dependencies and stuff like that. So yeah, another big success I think that we saw with system D, another component of system D which is Antspawn, it's like it's a minimal container manager. Actually, my second talk today is going to be pretty much about that. It got actually adopted by CoreOS Rocket. I'm sure if you guys know CoreOS Rocket, like you know Docker, like Docker is like the hot thing in Linux these days. Rocket is something like that, it's developed by CoreOS and they decided to, for the actual container, containerization like the backend, like the lowest part of the containerization that there's no need for them to actually develop that again and then instead decided to use this minimal functionality that's built into system D right away. So it's kind of like we like to see this kind of stuff because we consider ourselves as the providers of these basic building blocks, right? Where other people build stuff from, like if it's an operating system or if it's a container manager like Rocket, that doesn't really matter much but we see our position as the ones who just provide the building blocks and we do not necessarily build the finished product. That's what other people should be doing. But also a big success, which is a little bit surprising actually is for Network D we wrote this minimal DHCP implementation because you know everybody or many people here I think know what DHCP is, it's this thing that assigns you an IP address. It's actually one of the most trivial protocols we have, right, like all the devices in the world implemented and it's basically something where you exchange five messages and that's it. Now most of the network management solutions before us, before Network D, used one of the standard implementations of that and if you look at them, most of them are crazy and they are not integrated because they call out to them and we decided, okay, let's just do it as a library and do it minimal and do it something that actually can be reused by the network management solutions directly instead of calling out to these external projects so that they don't have these dependencies and asynchronous behavior and things like that. So, and that actually, we wrote that for Network D and we wrote it in style of a library that we could eventually even make public. But we never actually made it public yet because we weren't really sure about the API and if it should look like that when we make it stable but that actually didn't stop Network Manager to adopt that too. So now both Network D and Network Manager actually use our internal library for DHCP which I find pretty cool because I mean in a way they are the competition to Network D. Another project we have been working on is SystemD Resolve D. SystemD Resolve D is a stub DNS resolver. So you might ask a question of course, what does a stub DNS resolver have to do with SystemD? And again, our definition of what SystemD is is really like it's a toolbox of the basic components that make up an operating system and we believe that DNS resolver should be part of that. Now, Glypsy, right, like the GNU, the C library, it already contains a DNS stub resolver. So what SystemD Resolve D adds on top of that is actually that it is a DNS stack capable. DNS stack is this thing that basically allows authentication of DNS lookups so that you actually prove that this IP address is actually the IP address for the domain that you try to look up so that if you go to your banking website and let's say it's called foobank.com that you actually end up at the website foobank.com maps to and nobody can interfere with that. It's something that has been deployed on the internet for a while and we thought, okay, it should actually be something that should end up on people's systems that it actually is used because there's information by default not used on these systems. SystemD Resolve D also adds a couple of other things like it does MDNs and LLMNR by default so it not only does DNS like the internet name lookup stuff but also local stuff. It's a relatively closely integrated with network D so it gets all this DNS information from network D. Yeah, most of the time hopefully people will not even notice that SystemD Resolve D is there. It's mostly just a component that is low level and an API for applications. Yeah, that's basically what I put here. The stuff that it enables among other things is that you can actually embed certificate information as DNS, right? You know the DNS for those who don't know is actually those naming system that is used for example too so that www.rathat.com is resolved to API addresses and by using DNS stack, right? Like by using this authentication information you can actually embed security information like certificates in the DNS and you can make sure that they are only trusted if the signature actually matches. Anyway, I don't wanna talk too much about all this stuff because it's fairly specific and probably not too interesting for many of you. So the next thing I would like to talk about is unified control group hierarchy. That's actually a fairly technical topic like it's a fairly low level topic but it's actually one that has been driving us for a while. Control groups are a Linux features that basically allow SystemD to take services with all the processes, apply resource limits to them. Right, resource limits means for example that they only can have that much memory and that much CPU or that they have other constraints during runtime. It also allows SystemD to track the runtime of the services so that we know exactly how many processes a specific service has running at a certain point in time and when these processes die. It also allows us because we can enumerate and we can kill the service and things like that. C groups has been around for quite a while. C groups, like C groups are short for control groups. C groups is a kernel interface and quite frankly it has always been a disaster. API-wise what the kernel provided there and we always had to deal with that in a SystemD context and try to abstract that away and integrate it nicely with service management so that administrators don't have to care. So administrators can write in the service files they can say this service gets so much CPU and so much memory and so much disk and things like that so that they don't actually have to think about that. But we under the hood in SystemD we always had to deal with the fact that the kernel APIs for all of this were horrible. Now the kernel community and specifically Tejun Heyo has been working on cleaning that up on the kernel side. That however involves completely redesigning the kernel API and that project is called Unified Control Group Araiki. So it basically looks at this control group stuff and throws out all the really badly designed API parts and turns it into something that is much, much nicer. What we have been working on with SystemD is actually making sure that SystemD can work with that. It's not complete yet. The new Unified Araiki was actually released for the first time as a stable API in the kernel that was released like two weeks ago which whose number I don't actually know was SystemD actually doesn't yet run on the newest kernel because I changed the API in that part in the last weeks or something about that. But basically all the groundwork in SystemD is done that makes it work with Unified Araiki. With Unified Araiki everything gets so much nicer because the code base in SystemD gets much nicer but then it also means that a couple of new features are available for users because we can actually start exposing a lot of resource management things to users. In the long run that for example means that we can even do firewalling and SystemD in these kind of things. It also means that we have the PITS controllers which is something very simple actually. Like if you do service management which SystemD does you want to be able to put a limit on the number of processes that a specific service can have. And PITS controller is that it's a simple thing but there's also the concept of safe delegation. It's fairly technical it's really about that if you run Docker or some container manager so that the C group Araiki so these C groups these groups are organized in Araiki you can actually give parts to that to the container manager so that they can run their own stuff and can even start SystemD below that recursively. It's probably yeah I figured like you probably can't make much of the sense of all of these things that I'm talking about here because it is really fairly low level and very technical. But yeah just think that we worked on. So effectively like what the only thing that users will see of that right if they ever interface directly with the C groups Araiki which you can do because on Linux that's actually exposed as a file system then basically the only change is that if you go to SysFS C group and they previously had the controller name there and then you see the Araiki the SystemD manages afterwards it just looks like this and the controller was removed. That's kind of the essence of it. But anyway I'll go to the next thing now because that is a little bit yeah if you want to know more details about the unified Araiki ask me on Sunday. Another thing that we did in system D recently was SD bus. SD bus is a it's a divas library implementation. For those who don't know divas is kind of the IPC system that we generally use on Linux systems these days. It's what AppStart used to do. It's what system D uses. It basically allows applications to talk to each other and talk to system D. We used a generic implementation like the classic divas reference implementation for the longest time in system D. But it's not very nice code and it's very Barak like you need a lot of code to write a lot of code to use it. While we always thought it should make much more stuff do that automatically for us so that we don't have to write the code for that. So a while back we wrote it as divas which is our own divas library and it's much, much nicer. I blocked that about that a couple of times. So if you actually have to talk to the divas system and I think most Linux developers probably have to do sooner or later then consider using that library. It's a C library so it's only relevant for C people and C++ people maybe. But yeah, it's really written to make divas nice to use so that the code that you need to actually invoke a method remotely on the local system is actually shortened as much as possible. Related to this we actually provide a library called SD event. It's an event loop library. It's because if you do divas then you always get these massive calls coming in and going out and you get the replies asynchronously and these kind of things. We need some kind of event loop. Like an event loop is basically the core part of every process that you have on Linux. We publish that thing as SD event. There's no need for people to actually use it. They can use their own event loops if they want to. They can either write them on their cells or use an event loop provided by some other library like glib. SD event is simply the event loop that we use inside of systemd and we think it's a really, really good one for many reasons. Yeah, I don't want to go too much into detail because my time's already over anyway mostly. But yeah, if you're writing a low level component like an embedded component or something for Linux consider having a look at that. I already talked about network D and then this network management stuff. We added a couple of things there too like Slack and IPv4-ACD that's for those it's mostly IPv6 stuff, the Slack stuff it's about assigning addresses. We have our own implementation about that now which basically means that network D if you have it in the end it doesn't have any dependencies, right? It doesn't pull in DHCP and all these external components to actually function in the most basic way. It just does it natively. It also does IPv4-ACD which is a collision detection like it's automatic detection if two hosts on the same network use the same IP address. Like some operating systems have that functionality. Linux never had that build in and we added that to network D so that you can actually will notice that which is really interesting information to know that if you have misconfigured your network. Yeah, and it also has a Divas API now so it's not complete but it's something we're going to work on. And Spawn, I'm going to talk about that in more detail in my other talk so I'm going to skip over this mostly. Something completely random is we added support for USB function FS. This basically means that you have kind of services and system now that don't do socket activation for those who know what socket activation is but USB function activation which basically allows you to run a service. Like if you build an embedded device for example and it has no USB connector so that you can connect it to your laptop and that device can provide services over USB that don't have to run all the time but are only started the moment where somebody actually connects the USB cable to that device and tries to mark use of them, right? Which most of the USB functionality is like that because after all the USB functionality is used mostly as exception and not as most of the time. So we have built that natively so that you can do automatic activation of that functionality so that basically you have a service and you just say, yeah, don't run that service normally but the moment somebody plugs in something and actually requests that USB service started that moment. It came actually from the Samsung people who did that for embedded devices. Something else completely different is we added key ring support, kernel key ring support for LUX keys. The kernel key ring is a functionality that you can upload cryptographic keys that are required by the system into the kernel and we closed one gap there so that the cryptographic keys for a hardware encryption can also be placed there. Something for administrators is we have system control reboot desktop firmware which basically allows people who run EFI systems at least if they wanna reboot the system they can specify desktop firmware now which puts them in the firmware setup, right? This is actually really, really useful in functionality because on many of the newer laptops that boot very, very fast they try to avoid to chief booting very fast by not initializing USB controller and not initializing USB controller means that you cannot actually use the USB keyboard that you might have to interact with the BIOS firmware and actually get the BIOS setup. So that basically means your USB keyboard you can use it to interface Linux but not with the BIOS. This is basically, it gets you out of the misery that you can actually get into the firmware setup anyway by simply specifying that thing. And that's actually the last slide. I have something we have been working on system control revert and system code refresh. It's not out yet but basically allows revert allows you to if you get a service like say MySQL or HTTPD and you did resource management with it like you specify memory limits or CPU limits or whatever else with it and then you finally figure out, okay now I wanna go back to the original vendor supply defaults and you can use system control revert and we'll drop all that. And system control refresh is something we have been working on for a while which is actually really really complex but hopefully very useful for people. It's basically a way how you can reload the configuration of specific diamonds only instead of the entire system D system. So it's actually, you know it will reload the configuration about specific system D services not so if you if you write system control refresh HTTPD it will actually reload the stuff that system D knows about that service not the service itself. Previously to explain that in system D the only way how you could make system D reload its configuration is by doing a full reload where all the service information system control diamond reload that was called would be reloaded which turned out to be a problem if you have large setups because some people run like a 50,000 service or something on a single system. And if they do system control diamond reload then the entire reload takes ages and with the system control refresh you can pinpoint that on specific services. Anyway my time is already over since a while so very sorry for that. If you have any further questions please come to that workshop on Sunday and I'll answer anything about this stuff and about anything else about system D. I know this was very technical I still hope that many of you could follow at least some of the topics. Thank you very much and talk to you in either two hours or something or one hour when my other talk is or on Sunday for the questions. Thank you. And sorry for that.


The typhon and its magnitude, it's still after 12 days extremely shocking for newcomers like me who arrived a few days ago and for all the teams that are working there. For us, the great difficulty has been access. There's a number of islands that have been affected. We are working on the eastern side of the country in the Samar Island is the one that received directly the heat of this super typhon. And the level of destruction in three main provinces is enormous. The first priorities are obviously to bring food, water and healthcare to this population. We have identified in the south of the island, 180,000 people or 36,000 families that are mostly affected. So we're going to work on bringing primary healthcare back. So the first stage, the emergency stage is to bring mobile health clinics. And then in a later stage, we will help and support the medical facilities to restore their work to be rehabilitated. But the first thing is to bring actual health service. Providing clean water is as well key. And under coastal areas, we are working on bringing water treatment plants that we are nowadays to these days installing as well as food. The first distribution we managed to do has been food ration for over 10,000 families in the south of the island. It's ongoing at the moment. And it's been very complicated to bring food. It has to go by plane. And then we rented a boat that had difficulty to land, but we managed to bring it. And now we have regular supply more and more so we can do a job better. Many families have been shocked and have suffered a terrible separation. And there's obviously loads of people with questions on their family member missing. I think the island is now in a situation of mourning and many families need to be able to communicate with their loved ones or to find them. The Philippine Red Cross has taken a large number of requests and we have set up a new website which will help these families either to tell their loved ones that they are well and safe, or to start a tracing process that can be a bit longer, unfortunately.


That's a heck of a situation to get put in right there for Wandy to come through like that and keep keep battling with him is I mean, it's just extremely impressive What was the reaction like in the clubhouse particularly when you guys gave him the belt? I Mean everybody loves it when Wandy that gets the belt because it's just It's a good time. Well, whenever whenever he whatever he gets it so He deserved it. I mean, so it's just it's it's great Why do you say is it's a good time to see do something in particular? It just no just he's Excitable and Then as far as you're outing tonight two quick outs to start off that first inning then watch Freeman Just kind of gotten a little bit of trouble there. How were you able to kind of regain things after the double to Swanson? Yeah, I mean that's Like you said two quick outs three pitches close pitch three to to Freeman Backfoot slider that was right on the back foot to Riley and then just a horrible O2 slider To Dan's be I think it was a little bit of an overcorrection From the last slider that I threw obviously not trying to put it on his back toe and then end up kind of hanging it a little bit And you know yesterday he had he had a first pitch breaking ball off of Monty the other way for Homer So obviously he's he's seeing the breaking ball from left. He's pretty good and just You know not a great pitch and then after that just kind of tried to settle in and and and use my fastball a little bit more move it around a bit and then You know escaped a little bit of a jam there. I think in the fourth So just you know, it was okay. I mean obviously National League Baseball and a fresh Fresh ish bullpen with a day off tomorrow. That's you know, kind of understand how the game script is gonna go


The Jack Benny program transcribed presented by Lucky Strike.  To pick a better cigarette, you don't need sleight of hand. Try Lucky's better taste and then they'll be your favorite brand. Honestly, Lucky's taste better than any other cigarette. I roamed around the whole wide world from New York to Tibet and I can tell you Lucky strikes the finest cigarette. You'll discover Lucky's taste better than any other cigarette.  Friends, millions of smokers agree Lucky's taste better than any other cigarette. And here's why. You see, fine tobacco and only fine tobacco always gives you that happy blending of perfect mildness and rich true tobacco taste. And LSMFT, Lucky Strike means fine tobacco. Yes, Lucky Strike's fine tobacco gives you everything you want in a cigarette. Real mildness, rich taste, complete smoking enjoyment. So if you're not happy with your present brand and a recent 38 city survey shows that millions are not switched to Lucky Strike, every puff will prove Lucky's taste better than any other cigarette.  Remember, Lucky's taste better than any other cigarette. Program starring Jack Benny with Mary Livingston, Philaris Rochester, Denison, and yours truly, Don Wilson. Ladies and gentlemen, Jack Benny is in New York City and in exactly 30 minutes he'll be doing his television show. But let me take you back a few days to Beverly Hills, where we find Jack at home getting ready for the trip. Oh, Rochester. Yes, boss. Rochester will be away 12 days, so I hope you've taken care of all the little details. As usual, I had the gas, electricity, and water turned off, and I left a note for the milkman to stop delivery. Good. What about the evening paper? I left instructions on that too. You did? Yeah. Now when they're through with it, the Coleman's can just throw it away. Maybe you ought to stop barring the Coleman's paper. I got a feeling they're trying to discourage the practice. What, what makes you say that? The last two issues came wrapped around their garbage. Tracy was holding last night was real. Oh, kidding. Now take Rochester, take, take my grips out of the car while I call Miss Livingston. Is Miss Livingston going with us? No, no, but she's feeling much better and she'll be on our next show. It's Miss Livingston's sister I'm picking up. Her sister, babe? Yeah, she's going back to Plainfield on the same train we're taking. I'm going to call her. Hello, Mary. Oh, Pauline. Oh, this is Jack Benny. I didn't recognize your voice. Well, it has been a long time. That's right. Not since New Year's Eve. Oh, you've taken me out since then. Oh, yes, that drive-in movie. What a picture. Yeah, that was the first time I ever saw a picture of that drive-in. You were never there before? I didn't say that. Well, the reason I call, I'm coming by to pick up Babe in my car. Put her on the phone, will you? Okay, it's for you, ma'am. Thank you, Pauline. Hello, hello. Look, mister, get off the party line tonight.  Jack, it's me, Babe. Oh, oh, oh, I'm sorry. Well, Babe, I just, uh, I just called, Babe, I just called to tell you, I'll pick you up in 15 minutes. Couldn't you make it a half hour? I'm all ready, but I have to put on my lipstick. Why should that take a half hour? Well, it's a special lipstick, and it takes longer to put on. Oh. But it's worth it. I've been using it for 12 years, and it doesn't smear. Oh, is it kiss-proof? Who knows? You read that beautifully. Well, try and hurry. Rochester's getting the car out now. Okay, Jack, I'll rush it. Goodbye. Goodbye. Rochester will pick up Miss Livingston's sister in about 15 minutes. Are we going to pick up Mr. Harris, too? No, he's going with his piano player, Charlie Bagby. I hope they're not late. We'll be on that Super Chief going to New York. We've been on so many trains. Which one is the Super Chief? Well, you ought to remember the Super Chief.  No, no, no. That was a Chief. You better wait for laughs, kid.  Or was it the El Capitan? No, the El Capitan is the one they wouldn't let me on. Say, Phil, how much money are you taking long for expenses? I don't know. How come you don't know? I don't know how much money I'm going to take. Alice hasn't given it to me yet. Oh, look, Bagby, you know something you ought to get married to. Me? Yeah, you ought to settle down and give up your bad habits like gambling, staying out half the night and drinking. What are you trying to do, ruin my character? Well, it's too late for your character, but there still may be a fighting chance for your liver. I guess so. You know, Phil, it's too bad Remli couldn't make a trip with us. Yeah, I thought he'd be over that virus by now. Well, it's his own fault. He shivered and shook for three days. Why didn't he call a doctor? Oh, he didn't know it was virus. He thought it was the usual thing. Well, let's see. I wonder if I got everything. Are you taking any books along to read on the train? Books? No, I'm off books. Why? Well, I just finished the one I started last January and I was kind of disappointed in it. What's the matter? Was it dull? No, it was exciting enough, but it was unbelievable. Imagine a giant living in a beanstalk. Look, you borrowed from me. When you're going to give it back. You'll get it back. You'll get it back. I want to look at them pictures again. Now, come on, Bagby. Let's get going, huh? Barry, I kept you waiting, Jack. Oh, that's all right, babe. It gave me a chance to talk to Mary. She feels pretty good now, doesn't she? Yeah, she'll probably be back in your show next week. I hope so. She needs the money. Well, there's the car. Oh, babe, let me help you... Let me help you with your trunk, will you? Thanks. Gee, it's heavy. There.  Now, steer me to the car. Certainly. Now, watch it. Watch it. Don't laugh. The trunk will fall off. A little to the left, a little to the right. Now, just dump it in the back seat, there. There we are. Now, let's get in the car. Start the motor, Rochester. Yes, sir. Maybe there's some dirt on the spark plug. There must be. There's some beautiful... Turn this spring weather. Start the motor again, Rochester. Yes, sir. Do we have to start and pick up anyone else? No, Phil is coming with Bagby and Dennis is driving down with his mother. Drive away to gold. Yes, mother, the Union station. Well, I hope we don't miss the train. What time is it? It's exactly 1.15. Now it's 1.20. That's the meter. I want you to take good care of yourself while you're in New York. Watch out for pickpockets. Oh, don't worry, mother. I pinned my money to my underwear. I think I learned from Mr. Benny. He drew his underwear? Yeah, when he takes off his shirt, he looks like an artichoke. I can imagine. Now, Dennis, what hotel are you going to stay at in New York? Oh, the one Mr. Benny always takes me to, the Acme Plaza. Oh, by heaven's sakes, Dennis. You don't have to live at that dump just because Mr. Benny stays there. Oh, I like the Acme Plaza, mother. It's such fun. They play a wonderful game every morning. Game? All the guests gather in the lobby and draw straws to see who's first in the bathroom. You know, mother, I'm really excited about going to New York. This time I'm going to visit all my friends. You have friends in New York? Who? Well, there's Branigan, Flanigan, Milligan, Gilligan, Duffy, MacCuffee, Malacca, Mahon, Rafferty, Lafferty, Donnelly, Connelly, Dooley... Please, lady, I only turn around because I recognize your son. He's my favorite singer. Dennis, sing for the nice man. Yes, mother. Oh, driver, you come back here and listen. I'll take the wheel. Light change. You can go now. Why don't you buy a new car? I'll tell you why, baby, because they don't make cars today like they used to. What do you mean? Well, friends, take a simple matter like the steering wheel. Today they make them out of plastic. But the steering wheel on this car is made out of seasoned mahogany with solid steel spokes. Really? Yes! Goodness, St. Rochester, just hand to your driving. Yes, sir. St. Jack, I meant to ask you, who are you having on your television show? Gee, you read that beautifully. Do it again, babe. I want you to get used to radio. Go ahead. St. Jack, I meant to ask you, who are you having on your television show? Well, babe, I managed to get three great guest stars. I'm having Claudette Colbert, Robert Montgomery, and Basil Rathbone. Gee, that's wonderful. How did you get them to appear with you on television? I sent them a telegram and signed it Senator Kefauber.  Gee, I'm so t... A blowout. Rochester, aren't you going to fix it? If we stop with those silly things, we'd never get anywhere. Rochester, you'd better stop the car. Jack, I'm afraid we'll be late. Look what time it is. 2.45. That's the meter. Yeah. Turn it off, Rochester. It's only us. We've got plenty of time. Now, stop the car and we'll change the tire. Well, we finally got to the station, babe. Let's go in. Gee, I'm ashamed to go on the train the way I look. Fixing that tire ruined my outfit. There's a little grease on your t-shirt there. In case any of the gang shows up. I'm going to get a couple of magazines. Okay, Jack. Let's see. What magazine should I get? Can I help? Why? It's Mr. B... Sir Kitzel, I didn't know you worked here. I don't. This is my brother's magazine stand. I'm just helping him out, the poor fellow gods. Kind of trouble. Tomorrow, his wife's relatives are coming from the east to visit him.  Sir Kitzel, his flu is intestinal. It's intentional. You should see his relatives. Well, Mr. Kitzel, I'd like to get a couple of magazines. Let's see. I'll take Collier's and Look. Collier's and Look. Here you are. That's seven and eleven for Las Vegas and all points. Mr. Kitzel, these... Mr. Kitzel, roll them. Well, Mr. Kitzel, it was nice seeing you and I hope... Oh, pardon me, clerk, but I'm in a bit of a hurry. Could you... Oh, John. Oh, hello, Jack. I didn't see you. And you didn't recognize me either, Mr. Wilson. Oh, I must apologize, Mr. Kitzel, but I was in a hurry and I wanted to... Me? Me? Me? You don't have to tell what you want. Automatically, I'm reaching to get you some lucky strikes. Well... I've heard you say it so many times that locus are so round, so clean, so fully packed. They're so easy and they're free. Oh, no, Mr. Kitzel, they're not free. They're free and easy on the draw. Oh, excuse me. Thank you. But, Mr. Wilson, I read where a recent survey in 38 cities showed that millions of smokers aren't satisfied with that present brand of cigarettes.  This, to me, is sad. God really is. Here's your lucky strike. Oh, thank you. Take them and be happy. Go lucky, be happy. Go lucky, strike, be happy. Go lucky and thank you for the sale. Poo-lee-poop-poop-poop-poop-poop. Kitzel and Don, Don, excuse me, I better get back to Babe. Did you see, did you see any of our gang? No, did you? Only Don and he was in a hurry. How are you, bud? Long time, no see. Come on, Babe. Who was that? Oh, that's that tout he must have been here for the Santa Anita races. Oh, look, here comes Dennis and his mother. Hello, Mrs. Day. Hello. Your responsibility. I know, I know. And when you get to New York, I want you to take better care of Dennis than you did the last time, called Minsky's. Minsky's? Why, Jack, you didn't take Dennis to a burlase show. Babe, Minsky's happens to be the name of a delicatessen. Isn't that right, Dennis? Yes, sir. See? Oh, Mr. Benny. Yes? Remember that third salami from the inn? Wait a minute, Jack. I want to get some chewing gum. Some chewing gum? I'll get it for you, Babe. You wait right here. See, I mustn't forget to get my ticket validated, too. I'll do it right after. I'm going to buy some chewing gum. Chicklets haven't got a chance. And take bubblegum. Just look at the breeding. The breeding? On a slot machine. Dad, I'm going to get spearmen. OK, it's your dough. I'm going to get some gum on the train. Jackson! You got here in time. What's that you're carrying under your arm? I'm going to get them on the train. Hey, Jackson, by the way, you forgot to get back these tickets. I did? Well, here's mine. I'll get myself another one. I'll see you on the train. Attention, please. Will passengers who just arrived be not? Please get in your taxis or gripping all over the station. Now, here's the ticket window. Oh, pardon me. Are you the ticket clerk here? Yeah. Used to be at Pasadena, but they moved me on account of the freeway. Thank you. Attention, please. I don't have any trouble here. I want a ticket to New York. Return trip? No, one way. Good! Please, sir. I'll go ahead of you. I'm in a hurry. Well, yes. Yes, I guess so. You see, I'm just going on my vacation for three weeks, and I don't want to waste a minute of it. Clerk, will you give me a ticket? Yes, sir. Where to? Oh, I don't care. Any place is all right with me. Well, the next train out is going to Nashville, Tennessee. No, no, I'm not there. I don't want to go back to that state again. Why not? What happened there? Well, I'll tell you. I was dancing with my darling to the Tennessee Wall. A old friend I happened to see. And you introduced him to your loved one? Yes. And while they were waltzing, my friend stole my sweetheart from me. Well, why don't you try to forget? Forget? I remember the night in the Tennessee Wall how much I have lost. Look, mister. You keep out of... I lost my little darling the night they were playing the... You're number one on the hit parade. Out of it. I'm sorry. Well, look, how about a ticket to Banff? Oh, yes, that'll be swell. Oh, you'll enjoy it there. It's very close to Lake Louise. Oh, no, no. I can't go there. Why not? Louise was the name of my little darling. Dancing with the Tennessee Walls with an old friend I... Will you? Attention, please. The following is the city of Los Angeles. Let's have a bit of April 1st fun. No kidding. Luckies taste better than any other cigarette. Most cigarettes look quite alike, but that does not fool me. My luckies taste better than any other cigarette. Men's luckies taste better than any other cigarette. Yes, every puff of every lucky always gives you that perfect blending of real mildness and rich true tobacco taste. For fine tobacco and only fine tobacco makes a cigarette completely enjoyable. And you know, L-S-M-F-T, lucky strike means fine tobacco. So to get everything you want in a cigarette, switch to lucky strike.  Yes, be happy, go lucky. Make your next carton lucky strike. You'll agree, luckies taste better than any other cigarette. Be happy, go lucky, go luck. Remember, luckies taste better than any other cigarette. Rochester, I've got to get out on stage to do my television show in 30 seconds. Now hurry up and finish making me up. Boss, I'm just putting a little more babeline on you. Why? Those babelines. Good night, folks. Be sure to hear Dennis Day in a day in the life of Dennis Day. The Jack Benny show is heard by our armed forces overseas through the facilities of the Armed Forces Radio Service. Transcribed, this is CBS, the Columbia Broadcasting System.


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Indizor Education. We continue talking about nuclear power, the power inside the atom's nucleus. Now, we were talking about the contents of the nucleus. There are protons and there are neutrons and there are strong forces, I mean, it's like a name of the force. It's not just strong as an adjective. So we have so-called strong forces which are keeping this nucleus together and we need these forces because the protons as electrically positively charged are repelling from each other. So we have to keep them together and that's what strong forces are about. So the nucleus is kept together by strong forces. Now, if we break the nucleus, what kind of energy is involved? Well, we do have to break strong forces and then the electric forces, the repelling forces, will start basically converting their potential energy into other kinds of energy. So that is the nuclear reaction. So today we will talk about a particular kind of nuclear reaction called fission. Now, this lecture is part of the course called Physics for Teens, presented on Unizor.com. The website is free, by the way, and it has textual material and exams. So it's much more convenient to use the website to study this particular course. All the lectures are logically presented and follow each other in special order. So back to nuclear reaction called fission. Now, we did talk about what happens if we combine certain protons and neutrons together to form a little bit bigger. Nucleus. And we did talk about something opposite, which means we can have a bigger nucleus and split it. So today we will talk about the fission, which is a reaction of splitting of larger, more, heavier nucleus into smaller parts. Okay. Now, we are interested in these nuclear reaction, basically, to get some energy, which means reaction should really be net positive as far as the energy is produced. Now, what energy is produced and what energy is released when we are breaking a nucleus? Well, again, nucleus contains protons and neutrons, and they're all together held by strong forces, which means if we would like to produce an energy first of all, by splitting. First of all, we have to split, which means we have to break strong forces. It requires a certain amount of energy. So this is the energy consumed by nuclear reaction. Okay. So if you have this nucleus and you would like to split it, first we have to spend a certain amount of energy and break away pieces of this nucleus against the strong forces, which are trying to keep it together. At the same time, if it's done, as soon as we have separated a little bit two pieces of this nucleus, and we know that the strong forces are acting only at very, very, very short distances. Electrostatic forces of repelling between protons, which are in this particular nucleus, are stronger on bigger distances, which means if we will be able to split it a little bit, strong forces will probably not play much of a role, and the forces of electrostatic repulsion will play much, much greater role, and the energy will be released just because these pieces will just go into different directions, repelling from each other. So let me make an analogy. Let's consider you have a spring, and you squeeze it together and you put some kind of thread here. So it's squeezed, which means it has certain potential energy. But it does not release because we have this thread which ties together both ends of this spring in a squeezed state. Now, if nothing happens, if we don't really cut this thread, the potential energy inside remains a potential energy. Nothing actually happens. So this particular thread keeps this potential energy unused, so to speak. So it plays the role of strong forces in the nucleus. These strong forces are keeping the nucleus together, not allowing the potential energy, which is in repulsion of the protons, the same thing as here. The thread is preventing the potential energy of a spring whenever it's just released to materialize. But if we will cut the strong forces here, immediately our spring will be activated, it will be released, and then the potential energy, which is inside the spring, will immediately convert into kinetic energy of the spring's ends. So same thing happens in this particular case. The question is, what is greater? The amount of energy we need to cut the strong forces to cut this thread, which keeps the spring in a squeezed position, or amount of kinetic or other types of energy released after we break this particular nucleus. And if the potential energy of the protons inside the nucleus is greater than the energy needed to split this particular nucleus, then the net result will be a positive release of energy. And in some cases, that's exactly what's happening. Now, let's think about it from another standpoint. The nucleus has protons and neutrons. Protons are repelling to each other, right? And strong forces are keeping it together. Now, neutrons also are inside the nucleus, and there are strong forces which are keeping them together with other neutrons and protons. Now, but the trick is neutrons do not have any electrostatic charge. They're neutral, which means they're not repelling from each other. They're not repelling from other protons. They're only bonding together with all of them, which means that the neutrons are actually the bonding material of the nucleus. Protons need really this special force, the strong force to keep them together. If not that force, they would just basically repel like a spring would be released, right? But neutrons are not like that. Neutrons and protons are not repelling each other. So the strong forces which exist between neutrons and protons are not really counteracted by repelling electrostatic forces, which means that the more neutrons are in the nucleus, the more stable this nucleus is, the more difficult it is to break it apart. That's very important consideration because many elements, I should say probably most of the elements, have not just one type of nucleus, but a few with the same number of protons. So the electrical charge is the same, which basically means it's the same number of electrons and that actually necessitates that their chemical reaction would be the same, etc. But different number of neutrons inside the nucleus. So the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons gives different nuclear qualities of the particular element. So all these different types of the same element, which have different number of neutrons, are called isotopes. Now, as an example, I would like to consider two isotopes of uranium. There is a uranium which always has 92 protons and 90 true electrons. Now, there is a uranium 238, and this is 92, now this is the number of protons and neutrons, atomic weight, atomic mass. So this is one isotope of uranium and there is another isotope, uranium 235. You see there are three neutrons less. So in this particular case, we have 146, right, difference neutrons. In this case, in this case, we have 143 neutrons less. And as we know, the less neutrons you have, the less stable, easier to break the nucleus is. And so it happens that this uranium really is easier to break than this one. Now, remember the spring and it's a squeezed position and you have a thread here. Just left by themselves, nothing happens. So we have to cut the spring, I mean, sorry, cut the thread to release the spring. So we need some action, some little push to this particular isotope of uranium to basically initiate the breaking. We have to hit it with something. Then it might actually break. Because again, you see, it's some kind of a equilibrium, if you wish, between electrostatic repulsion between the protons and strong forces which are keeping together. If they are very close to each other, it's easier to just hit it with something and then the nucleus will just fall apart. In case of this uranium-238, it's more difficult because there are more neutrons and it's more neutrons, we know, it's more bonding material, it's more difficult to break. So it doesn't really break so easily. But this one does. It's a different question where to get this one because this one is naturally occurring and this one is actually, well, significantly less. You need a special process to enrich this uranium, convert it into this uranium to really produce this isotope. Just by itself, you can't really find it very often. However, after it's done, after you have this, then there is a possibility to break this particular nucleus and release as a result, release some energy. Because the strong forces which we have to break are smaller here than there. But the number of protons is the same. So the repulsion is exactly the same between them. So what is necessary to break this particular nucleus and release the energy which is inside? To release the potential energy like this one, like in the spring, which is within 92 protons squeezed together by strong forces. All right. So we have to cut these strong forces with something. The question is what? With what? Well, the answer is all you need is a neutron. If you just hit this particular nucleus with a neutron, something will happen. This is a hit. And as soon as you hit it, it breaks certain equilibrium between the repulsion and bonding by the strong forces, repulsion of the protons and bonding and bonding with the strong forces. And this equilibrium is broken and then the nucleus falls apart. And here is what actually happens. Okay, if you have a neutron, the neutron has atomic mass of 1 and no protons. It's just one neutron, so no charge. Like in this case we have 92 positive charge. In this case, if it's a neutron, we have zero. Now, what happens if we bombard it with, if we will bombard this nucleus of uranium 235, which has 143 neutrons and 92 protons, and you bombard with one neutron. What happens? Well, not every time. But what might happen? Probably, you know, in certain cases it happens, in certain cases it doesn't happen, depending probably on different other conditions. But what might have happened is the following. The big and very heavy, see 235 is heavy. It's almost at the end of the Mandalayev's periodic table. Now uranium is, breaks the, it is break, breaks down between barium and kryptonite. Krypton. So what happens? All together protons and neutrons we have is 235. 92 protons and 143 neutrons. And we have one more neutron here. Neutron, neutron, neutron, sorry, neutron. Now this guy has 56 protons. Now the atomic mass is 141, so it leaves for neutrons, how many? 141 minus 56, it's 85 neutrons. Now the krypton has 36 protons plus 56 neutrons, right? So let's check the balance. 56 protons and 36 protons, together it's 92 protons, fine. 85 and 56, it's 131.41, right? 141, and here we have 143. And 1, so it's 144. So we need three more protons, neutrons, and that's what happens. Three free neutrons are just released as well. So this particular nucleus is breaking apart into two other nucleoses and also three new free neutrons are released. Okay, so that's what happens and apparently the potential energy of the protons, of 92 protons, which are separated into two big pieces, is greater than the amount of energy needed to break the nucleus apart into two other nucleoses. And as a result, we have release of energy. And not only we have released of energy, we also have released a couple of more neutrons. And this brings up a very important consequence. If you have a lot of uranium 235 together in one lump, whatever, and you have managed with one particular neutron to break one particular nucleus, it releases three new neutrons, which are going through this uranium 35 lump, and they can hit other nuclei of uranium 235 and break them. And then the other, and then the other, so every new breaking produce more neutrons than it consumes. And that's what actually happens in so-called chain reaction. This is the chain reaction. One particular breakage splitting of the nucleus can produce more and more and more, because every new one produces enough neutrons to have two three more. Now again, obviously not every nuclear gets reached basically by neutrons and gets broken down. So it's all very, very complicated reaction. But in theory, you understand how this chain reaction actually happens. So one nucleus is destroyed into these two smaller nuclei, and the new neutrons are responsible for hitting other nuclei of uranium and breaking them apart, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. So if it happens very fast, that's what happens in atomic bomb. Now the question is, how can we control this reaction? We can control it only through this. We have to basically reduce the number of neutrons. What if we will be able to reduce it? Significantly down. So the chain reaction will not have enough neutrons to break the uranium, right? So basically that's what's happening in the nuclear power stations. They have special mechanisms to consume these neutrons so they don't really hit the new nuclei of uranium. And by doing that, we control the reaction. So it doesn't really go like an explosion. It releases a certain amount of energy, but under our control. And we are hitting something. For instance, we're hitting water. Water does whatever is necessary, produces the power. So the power release, the energy released by this particular reaction is in the power station, nuclear power station, is under control. And the reason is we have to control these neutrons by, I know, absorbing them into some substance, whatever it is. Well that's basically it. That's all I wanted to talk about fission. The fission is, again, it's a split of heavier nuclear like uranium or plutonium actually also has another reaction of splitting fission reaction into smaller nuclei and a certain amount of energy gets released. Next lecture will be the opposite process called fusion. That's where the light nuclei are fused together to get the bigger one. And again, the release of energy actually occurs because in that particular case the difference between bonding using the strong force energy and repelling of the protons is significantly, I mean, it just goes to another direction. The strong forces are stronger, so to speak. All right, that's it for today. Thank you very much and good luck.