Throughout America's involvement in space exploration, the importance of the human element has become clear. The human being's ability to reconfigure, repair, and in general to react to unforeseen experiment conditions is still unsurpassed by any existing automatic system. With each space flight, NASA astronauts have gathered a wealth of information and operational experience in a wide variety of scientific areas. Astronauts must understand both the science and the capabilities and limitations of the spacecraft. As a result, science and operations have become intimately linked and should not be developed separately. Today, America's space shuttle provides continued access to near-Earth space. For science, this vehicle is an excellent platform for research and experimentation in a multitude of disciplines. Scientists and engineers on the shuttle crew must actively participate in scientific planning and implementation, not as mere operators, but as frontline investigators who possess an optimum balance of scientific and operational knowledge. Six of these crew members are part of the astronaut office's newly created science support group. Their objective is to aid future scientists and payload designers in perfecting their flight hardware in order to profit more fully from the human capabilities of the shuttle crew. We will now hear from the astronauts. The space shuttle is a unique laboratory and platform. For example, it allows us to study the effects of gravity on food behavior in ways simply not possible in ground-based facilities. It is much like the great experimental laboratories of the world. Hello, my name is Bonnie Dunbar. I'm a material scientist and engineer with a background in biomedical engineering. In October of 1985, I flew as a mission specialist on a space shuttle mission dedicated to material science and life science. Just as we hope to profit from the lessons learned in ground-based facilities, going must profit from the insights and lessons learned of space flight missions. The space shuttle contains three physical areas for scientific experiments and technology development. The flight deck is the command and control center of the orbiter. From this position, panels and displays control payloads in the payload bay. Experiments on the mid-deck and in the space lab are not controlled in this position. The mid-deck, which is originally designed as the living area for the crew, has been utilized for locker-sized experiments. These require limited power from the orbiter. The integration time may be less for these experiments, but they also must provide their own cooling, sensing, and data processing resources. No downlink data is available, but crew members work closely with the experimenters to monitor hardware and to improve the science of the return. Space lab is the only facility to science the typically pressurized experimentation. While a shuttle flight may carry only a few experiments, space lab flights may carry up to as many as a hundred. Space lab flights are dedicated primary payloads. This may fly up to 10 days, with crews working in two-shift operations for 24 hours today. From the moment that the lab was activated on STS-61A, it was clear that the investigators representing the more than 100 experiments onboard were anxiously awaiting the video downlink. Even if their experiments were completely automated. In fact, CV allowed the ground to observe the activity of the crew so the communications of the crew could be made to enhance the efficiency of the activity, not conceded. The onboard procedures were very concrete, and the two-year training period extensive. However, there were occasions where the ground scientists altered their regional procedures based on preliminary results they observed by way of the downlink. The use of liquid fluids for experiments, whether they be low or high temperature, has not only yielded valuable new insights in fluid physics but has presented design problems as well. Many experiments and hardware have suffered some surprises with respect to liquid wetting behavior in the micro-G environment. Experiments using liquids should be evaluated in ground-based facilities, such as the KC-135-0G aircraft prior to shuttle flight. In addition, good spills or inadvertent wetting occur in cleaning methods and internal access should be designed and developed prior to flight. Low viscosity liquids are more susceptible to mechanical disturbances, so restrictions for both crew and orbiter motion should be articulated early in the flight planning process. Recent flight experience has also demonstrated that it's more efficient to process gases to automate only when a process is restored. For example, on this flight, the crew routinely exchange material samples in high-temperature furnitures, rather than rely on mechanized sample exchanges. This allowed alterations in the sample sequence and timeline change and simplified the in-flight maintenance. Additionally, more samples were processed and currently can be done with present-automated tailor-gray films. Baselab has also allowed the use of glove boxes for handling contaminants, such as transferring sicknesses and working with blood samples. However, as shown here, conversation with the crew should be limited when two-handed operations are required. The crew must not interrupt operations in order to respond. In-flight maintenance has been an important part of science operations. Over 40% of experiment hardware has failed in first flight. Most have been recovered through two interventions. Hardware should be designed with potential repair in mind. I'm Ray Seddon. I'm a physician who first flew aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery in April, 1985. I have a particular interest in space life sciences. Any life sciences experiments require humans in space as operator, subject, observer, scientist, and repairman. But it must be remembered that humans are not machines. In this vestibular experiment, changes in the perception of motion and zero gravity are being studied. However, the spinning chair may cause disorientation, vertigo, and motion sickness that may impact the next experiment in a timeline. Experiments must be integrated so they don't interfere with one another, both for crew comfort and clean science return. Countermeasures to maintain muscle and bone strength in space must be devised. However, exercise to the point of extreme fatigue may be great performance after its completion. With proper rest periods you're not allowed. This is especially true for all pre- and post-flight testing. In this vestibular experiment, a crewman has taken the place of a machine to make motion inputs. This may permit an experiment to be flown that would otherwise be too complex or costly to automate. In addition, it is much easier to ask a human to modify a protocol than to reprogram a machine that is orbiting the Earth. When a human is a subject, as in this test of leg reflexes, we or she may need to be heavily instrumented. Crew inputs early can help to integrate this equipment with other orbiter crew-worn hardware. Flying animals in space promises to provide us with a great deal of information unobtainable in humans, but accommodating animals is a new technology. Crew people can be very helpful in this type of hardware development. Free flight evaluation, in-flight observation, and with on-the-spot repair. If the crew is expected to be caretakers for other living species, their input into equipment design and procedures is critical. Plants are also increasing for study in space to understand gravity receptor function. But many of the plant and animal samples require fixation during the flight for later study on the ground. However, fixatives for plant and animal tissues also fix humans. In this scene, fixative is being transferred between two containers. There are rules that chemicals such as formaldehyde must be triple contained, so that if there are breaks in one or two of the containers, the crew will not be exposed to the chemical. This is especially important in 0G, since materials tend to float around the cabin and may get into eyes or be impaled or swallowed. When humans are used as subjects, sometimes sterilization of equipment is needed. You can see the many small pieces that must be located, then unwrapped and connected to do this blood collection. Since sampling through blood is such an important aspect of many life sciences experiments, this hardware has evolved over time into a well organized system. However, more could still be done to assemble components free flight to speed procedures and eliminate some of the sterile over wraps to generate a great deal of paper trash. It is possible to modify off the shelf medical diagnostic equipment such as this echocardiograph machine, so that it can fly in a locker on midday. In this case, crew input on hardware design and operations was solicited early in the design and contributed to a very successful flight, which brought back some of the first pictures of the functioning human heart in space. So humans are vital, not only as subjects, but as scientists. We can assist in experiment design and make direct observations as we flight test the human machine. Hello, I'm Jeff Hoffman. My background is in astrophysics. I'm going to talk to you about the great variety of experiments that we can do in the shuttle army and show you some of the equipment that we use to carry out those experiments. It is often possible to use non-built equipment in producing additional flexibility or allowing for light planning. But it is important to make sure the plan in advance where the equipment will be used and how it will be secured. Here is an example of an inexpensive but effective way one experiment was secured. Space flight would be impossible without Velcro and gray tape. This configuration was planned and reversed several times prior to flight in the shuttle simulator in Houston. PV is one of the most common methods of collecting visual data on experiments, both for post-flight analysis and for real-time downlinking to ground-based experiments. Lighting is critical to obtain good results. Photographic and PV requirements could be planned far in advance of the flight and to be rehearsed by the crew working together with the experiments. Johnson's Space Center person is not familiar with NASA's photographic system. Notice that things we take for granted on the Earth like tables lying neatly out of the way on the ground do not occur in whiteness. Tables have a memory of their own and often get in the way of operations. It is necessary to plan for table restraints in designing experiments. Notice also that what seems to be a fairly small experiment has, by the time it is all set up with cameras and lighting, is a real mid-deck and has occupied the time of two free members. Never assume that an experiment is so simple that it can be carried out with no impact in flight operations. Imperial science experiments are often sensitive to orbiter acceleration, such as that caused by shoveling and firing. Objects inside the shuttle including experimental apparatus must be secured before engine firing. The effects of engine firing on any experiments involving liquids are massive. Similarly, any experiments requiring jet firing have an effect on crew members who may be trying to sleep. Clearly, experimental operations cannot be planned without checking for compatibility with the total mission timeline. The shuttle has the capability of carrying out sophisticated observations of the sun and astronomical objects. This instrument pointing system smooths out the shuttle's residual motion to provide arc-second pointing stability. Even without the IPS, fine astronomical photographs of course not in such high magnification have been obtained using time exposures with cameras hard mounted to the shuttle. Certain photographic equipment needs to be shielded from stray light. Subtle crew members have worked with NASA engineers to develop this camera hood. It is a multi-purpose device and can be used for many light shielding applications. Experimenters with special requirements should talk with crew representatives to see how these can be met. The crew spends a lot of time taking out-the-window photographs. Often these are used for scientific purposes. Oceanography, geology, meteorology, and ecology. The crew can sometimes take pictures on request of certain areas. Scientists with potential Earth photographic requirements should contact crew representatives who can assist them in obtaining archival photos or perhaps in scheduling new photography where appropriate. This shot of a crew member changing the role of movie film is a good reminder that although it may eventually be possible to automate many tasks in space laboratories, this time it is often most efficient and cost-effective to use people. This applies to many areas of space investigations. Too many times experiments have been artificially limited in scope or in data collection capability as experimenters did not realize the flexibility they could have gained by using human operators. Obviously, crew time must be used efficiently and it does not normally make sense to ask a person to do repetitive tasks but a computer could do. However, when crew participation is called for, astronauts normally spend a lot of time with experimenters planning how best to carry out the experiment. Here is an example of how astronaut participation in an experiment was successful. This vapor transport experiment was computer controlled and was designed to operate autonomously which was entirely appropriate under normal circumstances. The crew member assigned to carry out the experiment spent a lot of time with the experimenters during the last year before flight and together they developed a way of monitoring the experiment and possibly modifying its operation using the small controller visible here. As often happens in space the thermal environment was different from what had been calculated pre-flight and the automatic sequence would not work. The crew member working together with scientists on the ground and using the controller was able to diagnose the problem and manually operate the apparatus. This made the difference between a failed experiment yielding no data and success. With crew members are going to operate equipment it is important to consider the effects notice that the crew member is able to hold on to this apparatus by squeezing his legs around the sides. This is perfectly acceptable in this circumstance and illustrates the novel ways people operate in space compared to in the Earth. However, if the required operations took a long time his legs would become fatigue a better body restraint system would be necessary. Interaction between scientists on the ground and crew members in orbit is crucial for the success of many experiments. Here, the onboard crew member is examining the crystal grown during the space lab flight. He sets up a shuttle TV camera to send pictures down to scientists on the ground. The picture is available both on the ground and in the shuttle so the crew members can discuss experimental results and procedures that scientists on the ground will both are looking at the same data. Here, the ground-based scientists see the results of the crystal-grown experiment as soon as the astronauts do. They have far more time available than the onboard crew and have no responsibilities for other experiments. Therefore, while the crew members are operating other experiments, the scientists on the ground can proceed with detailed real-time analysis of their data. This may be used to modify the protocol of subsequent flight experiments to be carried out later in the mission. I'm Mary Cleve an environmental engineer and the RMS operator on 61B. The remote manipulator system is a telerobotic arm in the payload bay of the shuttle. It is a valuable tool which has been used for many pre-planned and real-time operations. Understanding the unique operating capabilities and limitations of this system before designing hardware that will interface with it cannot be stressed enough. Here we see a Simcon satellite that didn't activate properly after deployment. In an attempt to correct this problem, the crew, working with ground engineers, is able to improvise using existing onboard materials. A special tool that could be attached to the RMS during a spacewalk. This tool was used to catch the activation switch to ensure it had been front. We copy. We estimate we got a hard physical contact on at least two occasions. And we concur with that. That was a great job. The RMS was designed to deploy objects. This free-flying payload carrier is supporting a mass spectrometer and two other optical scanners. Rappel fixtures should be placed on free-flying experiments in case they may require on-orbit retrieval, re-servicing, and or repair. As you can see, it's a very smooth operation coming in. The RMS is very easily controllable and as far as itself is a very stable platform. The RMS was also used as a mobile platform for crewmen working outside of the shuttle. You can see the crewman inside the cabin operating the RMS to position a space-suited crewman running a cable along a truss. Although the arm was not designed for this purpose, this mode of operation was now possible and really increased the flexibility of operations in the payload bay and above it.  Yup. At the age of tele-robotics, the crew rendezvoused with a non-functional satellite, repaired it, and then re-deployed it. For this task, we used the arm to position a crewman to manually spin up and deploy the satellite after the crew had repaired it. Although a contingency operation, this deployment method was successful. The RMS can also be used to position larger structures. Here a large truss is being manipulated to define how manageable this is. This experiment also highlights the benefits of man-manipulator interactions. This information is important to construction tasks on space station and other future projects. We have also used the arm to retrieve damaged satellites in conjunction with pre-flying crewmen on the man-maneuvering unit. This tele-robotic system can be used in both planned or contingency operations of experiments outside of the shuttle much more effectively if proper considerations are made during the experiment's design phase. Hi, I'm Jerry Ross. I'm going to talk to you about spacewalks or EVAs. I have worked various aspects of EVAs almost ever since the shuttle first flew. In fact, I performed PVAs myself on STS-61B in 1985 to investigate space construction techniques. EVAs provides unique capabilities for operating, servicing, fixing or assembling spacecraft and experimental hardware. Many EVAs have already been conducted on space shuttle mission utilizing these capabilities. Several future satellites are being designed for on-orbit maintenance and servicing. The space station will be heavily dependent upon EVAs for assembly and operation. Payloads can request EVAs to support their requirements. No more than two EVAs can be planned for a specific space shuttle mission and each EVA will have a maximum duration of six hours. EVAs are not normally planned before Flight Day 4 and are not performed on the day before we entry. Nor are EVAs normally planned consecutive days. An EVA is at least a three-person task with two EVA crew persons and at least one crew person that supports the EVA from inside the orbiter. Crew coordination is essential to avoid entanglement of feathers and conflicts with orbiter operations such as RMS units. Since EVAs do require a large measure of the crew's on-orbit as well as training time they should not be planned or used indiscriminately. However, when EVAs are contemplated there are several factors to be considered. Our brother is being designed to incorporate EVA tasks to be designed such that it ensures safe operation for the orbiter the EVA crew person and the spacecraft. Safety's requirements, NASA's safety and your own safety and quality assurance organization should be involved from the earliest stages of the design process. The harbor should also be designed to be EVA-friendly. Workstations should be properly positioned and must provide adequate restraint. Designs that minimize loose parts, utilize standard interfaces and tools provide adequate marking and indication and that utilize large muscle groups will help maximize the productivity of EVAs and help ensure a successful operation. Insertive timelines are used when planning EVAs and whenever possible the unexpected is anticipated and backup procedures are developed. Backup procedures have been used on several previous shuttle EVAs when some of the hardware didn't function as planned. Most of these problems could have been avoided had the as flown configuration of the spacecraft been adequately documented. EVA is a very unique undertaking that has special considerations and limitations. The best and most effective way to design for EVA is to establish an early working relationship with the Johnson Space Center and the Ashtonaut offices science support group. Some of the most operationally demanding types of research we do in space involve the use of the orbiter itself or the experimental apparatus. The orbiter becomes more than a payload carrier, it becomes an instrument. Hello, my name is Franklin San Diaz and I flew on mission 61C on board the space shuttle Columbia. My background is in plasma physics and mechanical engineering and I'd like to talk to you a bit about some of the lessons we have learned in using the orbiter as an experimental platform. There are three significant lessons which must be considered by payload designers in preparing experiments to be conducted outside the orbiter. First, we must understand the outside environment. This is important as it will affect many other free flying experiments in disciplines ranging from microgravity research to remote sensing. A partial characterization of the near environment was accomplished on Space Lab 2 during the activities with the University of Iowa's Plasma Diagnostic Package, the PDP. The PDP is a probe to study the properties and dynamics of the ionostatic plastic. Using PDP, scientists can study the effects large orbital vehicles like the shuttle have on their near environment. The PDP can be flown attached to the mechanical arm to sample the near environment or as an inertially stabilized free flyer to study wake effects and electromagnetic interactions with the plasma medium. The second lesson we have learned is the importance of crew involvement in experiment definition, planning and of course execution. The crew must understand not just the science but the capabilities and limitations of the vehicle which makes it possible. For example, in the case of PDP the orbiter is used to generate known disturbances at precise points in space and time. Precise alignment of the orbiter PDP combination prior to release was crucial and was accomplished by the crew through controlled inputs to the orbiter and the RMS. To carry out the experiment the crew performed an intricate set of maneuvers around the PDP shown in the diagram. This operation produced a map of the plasma weight structure. Because the orbiter required a large number of maneuvers to accomplish the science objectives the crew devoted a great deal of time planning and fine tuning these maneuvers to such an extent that without their participation part of the experiment would have been impossible. For example in two of the orbital passes the orbiter was taken slightly out of the orbital plane to intersect and connect with your magnetic field line passing through the PDP at a precise instant. These operations required critical and precise adequate maneuvers using the orbiter's reaction control system. The third lesson we have learned is that the unique capabilities of the orbiter RMS combination to deploy and retrieve scientific payloads give us access to a much more quiescent and pure environment than the orbiter itself would provide. These capabilities should be utilized in future experiment planning. A now mature flying technique which we call proximity operations can be used in these types of investigations. It is being demonstrated here during the recapture maneuvers for the SPAS-01 sub-satellite. The crew uses visual cues out the orbiter's overhead window and during the deployment and subsequent recapture of the payload it requires a coordinated action of several two members at once. The value of human beings as observers cannot be overemphasized and time available can be used productively. For example, being at the right place at the right time would use this spectacular low light level motion pictures of the Aurora Australis. They are imperious of high solar activity, astronauts acting as onboard scientists with used handheld instruments like spectrometers and image intensifiers to make a more complete recording of this interesting plasma phenomenon. These comments also apply to another plasma process with which we are intimately familiar, namely reentry. For example, handheld photography reveal the interesting weight structures which develop downstream as the orbiter descends. As the orbiter decelerates through the atmosphere, this patterns change and exhibit low instabilities. For those wanting to study this phenomena, it is possible with early crew involvement to plan simple experiments with crew operated instruments from inside the cabin. The knowledge gained from this observation will help us understand the allowable maneuver envelope of the shuttle. In addition, it will enable us to design better lightweight reentry vehicles and develop aerobraking techniques for future orbit transfer vehicles and interplanetary probes. The greatest advantage of human space exploration is achieved through the unique perspective astronauts can bring to the operation. With early involvement in the science objectives, their ability to react to a known phenomena, to reconfigure experiments in real time and to repair those systems which fail. This approach, using the orbiter as a test bed and the crew as a critical interacting element greatly enhances the scientific return for each mission flown. These have been the lessons learned. We are now attempting to communicate them to scientists and payload designers working in their laboratories to ensure that future experiments are designed not as sealed black boxes but as flexible elements with human interaction. To facilitate this, the astronaut office has created the science support group. These astronauts will combine their scientific and operational skills to provide an early interface with space scientists and clinical investigators to optimize the design of operational scientific hardware and to ensure its proper integration in the space shuttle and the space station.


Welcome to WRC 19, the World Radio Communication Conference being held in Shamashheikh in Egypt. We are very pleased to be joined today by Dr Abdullah Al-Araimi, who is the Director of Frequency Planning Department for the Public Authority of Radio and Television for the Sultanate of Oman. Dr Al-Araimi, welcome to the studio. Actually, I am very glad to be first in the lovely country here, Egypt, and mainly in Shamashheikh, and to be with all gathering here worldwide to be here in WRC 19. Thank you very much for these moments that we spent together. Thank you. I'd like to start off by asking you a little bit about WRC 19. Why is the World Radio Communication important to you? I believe it's not your first time at a WRC meeting. It's a long meeting here, but they are obviously very productive, and I really wanted to ask you why is it important in your calendar? Actually, as you know now the world, we can say it is a small village. We can say it. So we are close to each other. So I cannot say for the time being that I am away from you. So all the services, either in mobile, in TV, in aviation and everything, they are all connected to each other worldwide. So WRC, now it's the heart of organizing all the field of communication worldwide. So of course it's very important for us as Sultanate of Oman to participate in this event. And what are the kind of conversations, what are the topics that are of most interest to you here? Actually, there are many topics, but as I am coming from broadcasting field, I am actually dealing with mainly UHF band. Because UHF band, as you know, it's from 470 to 960 before it was belong to broadcasting. But in WRC 15, they cut half of it or more than half actually band 800 and 700 for IMT. And there were one resolution, it's resolution 235, which also asking the administration to make study until WRC 23. And actually we are here to look after this band so that we can complete our service in broadcasting. So in principle what happened was that they reduced the band to make way for IMT 2020 5G and to give that more space and more availability and that's reduced your being able to use that band for television broadcasting. That's right and as you know also broadcasting, actually as mobile, become advanced you know day by day we start from first generation, second generation, third generation, fourth generation and we are talking now about 5 generation for IMT. Broadcasting is same actually. The broadcasting also we start for standard definition, then we move to high definition and now we are talking about the UHD or 4K and also 8K. So all of us as technicals or engineers we are looking also to support our service. So as you know that when if we talk about HD or UHD or 4K, actually the bitrates that we need now today, I want to talk about 8K because all this they need high bitrate to convince also your audience to see your programs and for that reason I think we are as a broadcaster we need this band for us for our service. So moving with the times, what's the migration like between analog and digital for the Sultanate of Oman? Yes actually we have big project in the Sultanate of Oman. We already started our project for moving from analog to digital and we try to apply the latest technology in our project related to the compression system we are using HEVC and of course we are using also DVB T2 for the transmitters. Our projects consist of 70 sites, 70 stations, started from 5 watt to 5 kilowatt and 50% of the project now it's already we are on air. Of course we want to have simultaneous transmission between analog and TV but sometimes we face some problem related to the spare parts for our old transmitter working in analog transmission but our project going very well and day by day we will complete it inshallah. Talking about completion what do you hope will be the final outcomes from this conference? What will be the most important outcomes for you to be going home with safe in the knowledge at the end of this? It's a very good question. Actually the main thing for me is UHF band to be stay as it is for the broadcasting services and also I wish that we can also find a solution for our BMSE services and as you know also we have now everything become wireless either cameras, microphone and a lot of things now become without cables it's wireless so all these things need also a spectrum to use in. So I think the main things for me is that UHF band and BMSE service also we need to fight to get some bands for them especially for BMSE services. I'm sure you'll keep fighting your corner very well and I wish you the very best for the rest of the conference. Thank you Dr. Aroma for being with us in the studio and hopefully we will catch up with you again soon maybe sooner than the next four years. And I am very happy actually to be with you here and also to introduce something from my country and our contributions here in this conference. Thank you very much. Very valuable media. Thank you. Thank you very much.


Thank you, you know, it's It's interesting to me being in the Texas Medical Center now since 1963. It's up for a couple years in Vietnam that I've had an opportunity to personally witness the development of all the Elvads of consequence and they're in use and it's interesting that it should occur in Houston Because Houston had no particular Importance in medicine certainly before the 50s and Specifically I want to end up with the a brief survey of how the continuous Flow of blood pumps came about because they they all of course that are being used now Came from my lab or around my desk now One of the things people actually one of my cardiologists told me about this that I've been planted and More heart transplants and more pumps and I have but not because I wanted to I did I did it because none of my associates wanted to They were all basically in private practice and I was the only one that had an academic salary So and you didn't get paid for these pumps much at least comparatively speaking and And then and you were up all night, etc. So I ended up doing nearly all of them And why Houston as I Said there's a lot of it had to do with this man. Dr. Devaki and Dr. Devaki as Dr. Cooley said in this Picture of him he looks a bit like Groucho Marx if some of you remember him in fact He looks a lot like Groucho Marx, but he wasn't very funny. He was he was very tough and very Difficult taskmaster, but he built up a bailer from my Medical school that was on probation when he came here to By the time I went in the early 60s. It was considered the best of medical school in the South certainly the This is the way it looked when he came here is Houston was known as the turn of the century for the timber and cotton and And you can see why it had timber because it was at the edge of the east Texas forest and you can see that little building in the midst of all that forest there's a This little building and that is Baylor College of Medicine, which is the first one Built in the Texas Medical Center and Dr. Devaki told me when he came here to interview He actually heard gunshots and and the gunshots were actually coming from people hunting out in that woods anyway, he Dr. Cooley was also from Houston and he trained with Blalock. This is a very important little things in history to determine all sorts of eventual Destinations and and Cooley since he worked with Blalock Blalock was the first one to do Any sort of corrective cardiac surgery of merit and he did shots. He never did open-heart surgery in his life But he did do the shots of Dr. Cooley who was very adept surgically from the start helped and and Actually did some of these procedures between them is Albert star who developed the first Valve that worked This is the Medical Center again a little later, but It's only importance is you see Methodist Hospital right in the middle and are in front of that is Texas I'm sorry is the St. Luke's Hospital and the Texas Children's and the importance of that is that since Dr. Cooley had worked with Blalock He had privileges at Texas Children's which at that time was Attached to St. Luke's so the other Baylor surgeons all worked at Methodist, but Dr. Cooley using this pathway Also had privileges at St. Luke's Now the early days of cardiac surgery we know about Gibbons doing the first case in 1953 that succeeded and a woman who the last time I checked was still alive it was about my age and But the next three cases he did all died and he quit doing heart surgery all together and This was something that Lila high research that there was only it was the only survivor of the first 20 cases Now Lila high was a very important person in the history of Heart surgery because he was the first person to actually do open heart surgery Successfully and did it by cross-circulation He did the one of his fellows pregnant wife gave him the idea that perhaps the adult Could support the child because it was mainly Continental heart surgery in those days long enough to allow for into a open heart surgery and Allow it to be performed successfully. This is sort of the way it was hooked up and it it was Undoubtedly the first really successful heart surgery They also Cooley went up there in the fall of 55 and he met DuWall and DuWall was working on the first Bubble oxygenator now the bubble oxygenators were very traumatic to the blood and no one that had it had survived and They really were trying to use Sort of a copy of the Gibbon up there Cooley came back and he and his brother-in-law made this machine He got it as a coffee maker and he got it from a restaurant supply house somehow his brother-in-law had some connections there and they used a steel wool in the top to filter out the air and he bubbled oxygen through the deoxygenated blood and Out to the patient Cooley lily Was the most important surgeon? To nearly to everyone's feeling at this Of the in the early days of heart surgery because it was the first one to show it could actually be done successfully But lily who I got to know very well And in my life and he really thought Cooley was the most important because Cooley was the first one to do it with a heart-lung machine and this is the first case he did it was a post-infarct VSD a hard case to do even today and He operated on this man and corrected his VSD in April of 1956 and he reported it here For that year of 1956 he reported doing 95 cases and This was in the Texas heart I'm sorry the state of Texas Medical Journal a very inconsequential medical journal was the first open heart surgery that was Successful it's interesting for this crowd to know that they started out Just giving half the dose of heparin that we know Normally give and he also used two pumps. He used a pump on the venus return side Then it went into the oxygenator and then a pump on the exit the arterial side and He cannulated both the superior and trivia vena cava just through the right atrial appendage and This is another schematic of what he was doing bubbling this blood to Auctionated and this is the reason Cooley got away with it because He was so fast and that was important in those days because of the destruction of the blood. You see this very short operative time to correct this simple atrial septal defect, but it was very important and He reported 95 cases with nine acute deaths more late deaths, but this was Incredible at the time and the Mayo Clinic and the University of Minnesota at that time a little high told me had done 48 cases with 22 deaths so 50% mortality and that's why people came to Houston They didn't come here for the weather or the beach they came here because if you needed heart surgery, it was the best hope for you now This is once dr. Cooley got started. We did more heart surgery here than any place in the world In fact until 1984 we did more heart surgery at St. Luke's Hospital than all of Western Europe This is the It wasn't a typical day This was our largest amount of cases. We did 52 cases in one day and 10 operative rooms Cooley himself did 14 of them and you can see these were all Tough cases.  But I remember he left the hospital at 6 30 because he was taking his daughter to the baseball game and the artificial heart of course is what we started with in the early 60s and Dr. DeBakey was very instrumental in this he got the National Advisory Heart Council to develop Funding or to give funding to develop a total heart and Baylor got the most of the money There's a lot of money five hundred thousand dollars in 1963 was a lot more than of course There is now and one of the reasons of course dr. Bakey was in with everybody, but particularly this was when LBJ had Due to the tragic death of John Kennedy had become president and LBJ was very actually forward-thinking He he really did a lot of civic or Very a lot of good to the to the country that surprised everyone you certainly me and This was the first and it's important to remember this Just if you want to know the history is that this was the first time that the NIH supported a clinical Go it's the first time they gave money for a clinical Frugation for it because prior to that they just gave a pure basic science grants And obviously this was the time we were going to the moon so making an artificial heart that didn't seem like too big a challenge and Man made you go now as far as this is From the early 60s from this era and it was certainly dr. Bakey's main research goal at the time Dr. Bakey became very famous in that era. He was On the cover of time he was on the cover of look and he was on all the the media which And his sisters he was also the first Doctors for it. I know that had press agents because his sisters acted as press agents and they would always have it in the paper in the media whenever he gave a talk and But he also as I said that's the first meaningful support of mechanical cardiac assist With this he hired Domingo Liotta who had worked on an artificial heart? with Cough and a kutsu at the Cleveland Clinic. He was from Argentina He'd done some basic work while he was in Argentina He presented at one of the asylum meetings. Dr. Bakey was impressed by it and and enticed him to come to Houston Now Dr. Bakey as I told you was He was very accomplished, but but he he wasn't really a very warm fuzzy sort of guy he Dr. Bakey was a strict discipline area in fact in his operating room You couldn't speak unless he spoke to you and you couldn't Unless he asked a question for you to answer which you better have the answer There was no sound in the operating room Back in the 1960s Michael Dubakey was one of a handful of leading heart surgeons He was known as the Texas tornado And I know what you know what I want to do you see well Dr. Bakey was quite a taskmaster. He was it was like Working under a marine drill sort. It's the patient's life that you're concerned about and I think Dr. Bakey always Emphasize that and in a matter that was very forceful His exacting standards brought to Texas a host of luminaries Marlene Dietrich the Shah of Iran and the Duke of Windsor Everything had to be in perfect order there was even an order that people had to be in in this line That you when you went on rounds Now these are things you heard from him throughout the operation he was always attacking the resident and of course we heard this a lot and He actually I went in one day to talk to one of them see geologists and He had all his assistants men in their late 30s early 40s standing in the corner Well, he would do a bowel aneurysm with his nerves, which he could actually do anyway. It's a different world this is something of course we heard a lot from him and it was very very Very much to the case he Had this diagram This wasn't actually his diagram. I'm sorry. This is just Gives you an idea what we were really working for in those days the left Ventricular recovery and device removal was the immediate goal of the L VADs the idea of long-term support and of course when transplant started in the 60s became another Secondary goal of the technology one of the things that was noted by Dr. Vackey and others that sometimes when you couldn't get a patient off bypass simply by leaving them on bypass Sometimes the heart would recover enough To allow you to wean them. This is actually in the first report of the use of an inter Caporial L VAD long-term L VAD and and in it he Demonstrated how this gave him the idea of using the L VAD as a bridge to recovery by a prolonged support and in 1966 Actually, I was on the service then and I remember this woman very well It's a 37 year old woman that actually had to buy an aortic and mitral valve replaced with a with a ball valves and most of those Patients died and she Dr. To make he anticipated this and he supported for ten days She's a very brave woman here. She is that you see the pump is on the outside of the body But it was flowing about two liters and it kept her alive the pump was removed. This is a later when she came back for a visit she did very well and and Tragically died in a car accident eight years after this and this was the first goal of the use of the L VAD's Dr. Maki points out it Was Designed to allow her to recover now the transplantation sort of came out of the blue some way was working on this and Dick Lauer but Crispin hard actually did the first successful heart transplant And I got to know Chris Bernard. He's a very entertaining very cordial guy, you know all the Nurses loved him and the people that worked with him. He's very very congenial and I Asked him one time why he thought the first heart transplant occurred in South Africa and he pointed out that the problem in or reminded me I knew this that in America was defining brain death because You were dead when you lost your pulse. That was a legal definition of Death and and so you had to have a pulse if you were gonna have a heart that would be of inequality for transplant and Dr. Bernard reminded me that In South Africa, you were actually dead when your doctor said you were dead So he had a little more leeway with the brain death definition But he really helped because once he did this which was in December of 67 Then it became much easier in the US to To pursue this dr. Canowitz Tried two cases in the US and dr. Chomay tried a case and they both died in the first Successful case. Here's dr. Cooley with Chris Bernard was done by dr. Cooley and This Era was a Time when there was a lot of attention paid to these Heart transplants and when dr But hard Successfully performed the first one in the sense. He got the patient off the heart-lung machine the patient woke up and was able to be interviewed and And he looked like he was doing very well and And as dr. Bernard admits here he died because he over-immune suppressed him which was a common problem in that era But he obviously recovered from the operation as I said dr. Cooley did the first patient to live after a heart transplant in Houston here's that crowd with Chris Bernard a little high at Stinson and dr. Canowitz and the first Implantation of an artificial heart was done by dr. Cooley in Houston and as you can It was done as dr. Liotta became became obvious to him that dr. Devaki was never gonna implant a total heart and One of the reason dr. Devaki actually didn't start doing heart surgery Until 1960 not to crew. He'd already done several hundred cases So he was much more depth than anyone in the world Technically and and I think he felt that this would be a good way to abridge a patient to transplantation it's clearly a patient that was dying and he Liotta brought the heart over and dr. Cooley implanted he sewed it in and in less than an hour and And of course here's the first report and You'll notice the absence of dr. Devaki's name in the report, but it it was a very important because it shows that again the feasibility of it Not the practicality of it. It was not practical. He died of overwhelming Substance he was way over him in suppressed, but it did show that it could be done Here he is awake immediately after the He was brought back to the to the recovery room We just seldom do that today with our total heart patients but As I said, he died of overwhelming transplant Rejection laboratory work You know it resulted in dr. Devaki not speaking to Dr. Cooley for another 30 years anyway this The failure of heart transplant led us to pursue the Mechanical support with the new renewed vigor. This is one of the the early Grants that were this was what they call a request for proposals and this was 77 actually the first one out in 74 and One of the goals was to have at least two years of Tether free in other words out you could be an outpatient and And actually leave the hospital The first pump to actually be implanted though was a temporary pump To allow for ventricular recovery again after heart transplant Jack Norman was working on this when I came back from Vietnam and started working over here with Oscar Cooley and Jack Norman and this went in the retrocolic gutter It was quite an operation that lost a lot of blood. It really impaired the the use of the As the the coagulation I'm sorry the coagulation systems these patients just bled Constantly and and all of them died none of the left the hospital We had one patient that lived six months, but he lost his arm and both his legs From that we began working on this totally implant all Pump for long-term use that not as a bridge to recovery at the same time in the mid 70s This was a very ingenious pump designed largely by Vic Poirier and Curt Dossy working for the Accompany in in Boston and That it is very simplistic It pump filled to empty There was not much enthusiasm for it because the transplants the group Began very popular once sectors foreign was introduced and I did all the implants from 1986 they were done until 1990 and then the group at Columbia became involved Eric Rose and Munoz and Valjeva Nundum and others and The the beautiful for about this pump. It's the only implantable mechanical device Surgical device that didn't require any coagulation. I didn't use any any coagulation the the group at Columbia sometimes gave aspirin But the reason is that within 24 hours in plant the pump was coated with the cells The it did require a console and the patients had to push this console around It was approved by the FDA and the first one to be approved by the FDA Because it actually had a control group of patients that Although they met all the criteria for the implantation They weren't implanted because the company couldn't make enough pumps and as you can see the the control group was a legitimate control group and and The nearly all of the control group died very early and the LVAD was very Successful on the other hand the electrical powered pump which was of course the initial RFP was implanted in this patient and implanted in 1991 and this was the first patient to actually leave the hospital and again, this is the The pump and operation This just demonstrates all the paperwork that we had to do and the companies Had to support in order to get these approved now the The complications of course were high but but this pump was also approved by the FDA in 1998 the and I spent more than five hundred million dollars and On the research and the company spent the same amount so over a billion dollars were spent on research of the postal pumps and They spent nothing on the development of the continuous flow pumps Rob Jarvik's wife the Nimbus company that went bankrupt and I paid for the research in these pumps I made this statement in 2005. In fact, they quit making postal pumps by 2012 now the continuous flow pumps were Largely stimulated by the the problem of the durability of the of the postal pumps they only lasted two years at best and So the they really were just Another bridge to transplant and dr. Shumway, I knew very well also would harass me about this because we had to have a longer Durability of a pump and that's why I started working on continuous flow pumps now. Nobody else was interested anybody tells you that oh, there was a lot of Interest in this at that time. They're they're lying and I was I was there. They were just mistaken let us say but it comes nobody believed in it and I had a debate in a PSIO in 1985 with Glenn Pennington a very knowledgeable Follow in this field and he showed us he kept pointing out to me he won the debate Because of the problem that he foresaw with the bare receptors causing central hypertension and by loss of post utility and The other hypertension would be the renal hypertension and both these would result in a high instance of stroke and We also leave the positional reflexes etc etc and the the other problem was the high RPMs to give a Meaningful blood flow and it was felt that if you went about 2,500 it would destroy the blood and the other Barrier that was finite was You couldn't you had to have bearings for those pumps and you couldn't lubricate a bearing in in the bloodstream, so all these were felt to be total Obvious reasons that continuous flow pump was Impossible rich Whamper showed me his idea and in April of 1985 and this was based on an axial flow pump that They used in Since again over 2,000 years ago we developed this first small pump and Implanted it in a patient in 1988. It was successfully implanted and salvaged a patient from sure death from Transplant rejection this man lived several more years after We were able to reverse his actual The problem with rejection this young boy's heart actually stopped completely and He was small, but I implanted the pump through a retro peritoneal Exposure of the abdominal aorta and You can see his heart isn't beating at all at this point and the only flow he has to his body is going through the pump and and this was an important patient to me because clinically it showed you didn't need Any pulse at all with These continuous flow pumps this young boy Did very well and in target function would normalize with just a non-pulse to a flow It was very interesting and we had a lot of publicity at the time but as I said, we didn't have the Fairware with all to continue the research in the in the pump and But it was as I said many times at the it was what started the whole interest in continuous flow pumps Rob Jarvik also was working on blood washed bearings and we did over Six years of work with dr. Jarvik and we were able to implant the Pump successfully in the experimental animal by the early 90s so the Hema pump showed that we can have high RPMs and Pump blood successfully and Jarvik showed the feasibility of the Non-postal, I'm sorry of blood wash bearings the they're the those things those two advances or the basis of all the Research and in all the pumps that are in use today I'm gonna not this is a Illustrates the bearings the little red bearings that This is a dollar Jarvik, but it was a very Good demonstration of where the bearings are on the blood string and And we went on to develop what you know, and I was a heart mate to the heart where and the heart made three Then we don't have good data on all the durability of these pumps. Thorntech kept good records and they did the best job of that and we were able to show that the meaningful long-term Survival and and we now have patients that have had these pumps in over 15 years So they've not been pumped to failure The first centrifugal force pump that we began working on was a hardware in 1994 Is the beautiful pump we could implant on the diaphragmatic surface? And it can also be used as a right or left-sided pump. It's the first implantable right-sided pump big poor year and and courtesy who I've been working with since the 70s to develop the first hardware and the development of these two pumps Showed us that we could use a bearing lesser pump in the bloodstream, so we didn't have to deal with that and also we could put the pump into a pair of cartilages, so there's no pump pocket and Place it on the diaphragmatic surface of the of the heart the The last research that I want to Touch upon has to deal with a totally implantable continuous flow pump and At at the end of last year, they've been over 60,000 of these continuous flow pumps and planted worldwide and And in the US it's more than twice the number of transplants and There's no reason to think these pumps won't last 15 to 20 years, so we've certainly Solved some ways nightmare and in addition these patients can return to useful meaningful long-term life expectancy this young man was able to Recover his heart function, which I think is going to be another goal that will work for in the future and His pump was removed over six years ago, and he's he's still doing well this is one of the patients that's had his pumping over 15 years and The other thing that I didn't anticipate this young man is nine years old now He had this pumping planted when he was four and he's still doing quite well the last thing is the I want to touch on is the Totally pulse it's hard as I said my experience with the continuous flow pump led me to believe that you could have a Pump without a pulse at all This is one of our experimental animals. You see there's no pulse at all in this patient and that's we actually Billy Cohn and I implanted this in a patient and he recovered nicely, but unfortunately had amyloid that had Involved the kidney and the Long and the liver and we finally had to discontinue that's his support You make these pumps very small. There's just one moving part This is a magnetically suspended pump and it pumps to both the the right and left side and it's has Influent potential for durability also and We hope that we'll be implanting this pump within clinically within the next two years And it'll fit as I said much easier and can be totally Powered internally in addition you can create a pulse with this pump simply by altering the RPMs so I think we've come a long way with these continuous flow pumps and I think Dr. Dabaki Told me when I was a medical student in the 60s by 1980 we'll have a hundred thousand Americans with an artificial heart I think we'll have that in the future, but he was a little off on the time frame This I'm convinced it can be done too and I think one of the things that I've learned and one of my advantages is I've never looked back and you can't make an advance By looking back. I had a long conversation with his Irish singer He never took music lessons, you know, and he thought that was one of the things that helped him the most in his in his career as a musician and and you always have to remember that Creativity is impossible looking back


I'm going to call it to order the order of finance on December 12th at 5.07 p.m. And the first item on the agenda is the agenda. I would welcome a motion to amend or adopt it. Actually just getting it up to mine. Move to adopt. Second. Second. Great. Any further discussion of the agenda? We'll go to vote. All those in favor of motion please say aye. Aye. Post. Motion carries unanimously. The next item on the agenda is the public forum. It's around the room. I don't see anyone here in person to speak for the public forum. Is there anyone online? I see we do have a couple of people viewing the meeting currently on Zoom. If you would like to be recognized to give input to the Board of Finance, please raise your raise hand function. I'm not seeing any takers on that. So I'm going to close the public forum and move to the consent agenda, which is simply for approving the November 28th minutes. Welcome to the consent agenda. Move to the consent agenda. Second. Great. Any discussion of the consent agenda? Seeing none, we'll go to a vote. All those in favor of the motion please say aye. Aye. Are there any opposed? Motion carries unanimously. That brings us to the section of the agenda, where we will have six items for approval and recommendation to the city council. Five items for the Board of Finance to act on solely. We'll start with 4.01 authorization to accept grant funds for the operation of the online emergency shelter community. This is a CEDO item, and I think Brian Pine, our director, is here to speak to us. You want to see this up? Can Brian look? Thank you. Brian Pine, the director of the Community and Economic Development Office. I will say a couple remarks and be joined by Marcel again, who's with us remotely. And she can answer more detailed questions. Our request was made to the state of Vermont for funding to operate the emergency shelter at Elmwood Avenue. They were very supportive and gave us full approval. Since then, we've also had some changes that will require increased funding from them. And we've begun that process to request increased funding. But for now, this is the, before you tonight, is the agreement for the funding we would like to see as the first installment, if you will. Great. Thank you, Brian. The floor is over for questions or motion? Thanks. Thanks for bringing us forward and continuing to vote to do the actual work of the implementation, but also working on getting funding. I'm curious, and I apologize if you're supposed to, but I'm curious how much of this project I guess we've gotten funding for and for how long and how much if any of the city is taking on financially. We are still working out the details of how to fund the operations. I'm going to ask Marcella to speak to the first year's operations is a little bit of a prorated period because they fund us for their fiscal year. So we will be receiving a prorated share of funding, but we will we're engaged in conversation or meeting this week with the Office of Economic Opportunity, the Department of the Agency for Services to go through pretty detailed analysis of what we've requested for additional funding. So our hope is we can get all of our additional funding needs met there. If not, we'll be searching for other sources and perhaps coming back to the board of finance if necessary. Marcella, is there anything else? No, that's correct. This is essentially a prorated element of the grant that runs through the state's financial year to the end of June. So we'll be making a re-application for the full year for next year in the early spring and we also now have a better idea of costs. One thing I'd like to note is that the cost on a per bed basis compared to the other programs the state operates is quite a savings to use this model and we provide, well services are provided that are pretty extensive way beyond what the state provides in any other facility. So this will be a very service-rich environment for folks which is a better, we can achieve better outcomes and then the reduced cost of the fact of saving taxpayer. I just said when you put this back at the beginning of the year, it was clear that we were going to be seeking funding from other agencies as well and so we've been partially successful in that. As Brian said, we're trying to secure more and we have several at least a couple significant potential opportunities for there. It is, I will say until we have greater certainty about whether we are going to get any assistance and further assistance from the state or other parties, we've not fully deployed all the ARPA funds for that we've set aside for housing yet and possibly we haven't been furthering those if we're not successful at this. So that's our kind of backup plan and these funders efforts are not successful. It certainly might, I think as also we said, I think we have a pretty strong case as to why we're, I think what we're proposing here is a really innovative and impactful new concept that the state should look to invest in and that is a good value proposition even just on the shelter side and if we succeed in some of these ambitious social goals of really becoming a much better way, a more focused way for people to access permanent housing, jobs, drug treatment, mental health treatment, you know it could, hopefully they see that value and it becomes even better proposition. So that's the case for making, I've been trying to help the CEDA team and that had some high level state conversations as well and I do think this is one of the most innovative things the CEDA is doing right now and it's often been pointed to in a variety of contexts like what the state response most significant sort of response has been to trying to deal with the current challenge so I hope we get more assistance for it. Thank you. A full overview where we're at unless Joe or Karen. I'm happy to make the motion. Excellent. I recommend number of docks. Second. Great any further discussion? Just apologize for leaving out Councillor Dangan that didn't see us. Okay okay I'm seeing no further discussion we'll go to vote all those in favor of motion please say aye. All right. Very opposed. Motion carries unanimously and we'll go to I am 4.02 which is keen overlook improvements. This is part of Battery Park and I think you're in Cindy White. Parks Recreation, waterfront director here and can you give us a quick summary of that. So we're excited to finally get this project move forward. I believe it started in 2016 is when the city first named the overlook over for Merckane. We're finally getting back around to that project. It'll include right now it's just an asphalt area so we'll be pulling that out putting granite pavers down fixing all the buttresses which need to repair that's actually kind of the most expensive part of the project is repairing all the buttresses but basically what that will do is just secure it for decades to come. So that's kind of the synopsis of that project and it may be a small one but we're looking forward to getting that project done wrapped up and looking a lot nicer than it could be. Buttresses if it's not clear anyone. The structures that hold up the brailing on the edge of Battery Park and are made out of redstone that distinctive redstone but that has all the mortar joints are kind of crumbling and haven't been repaired. They've been pointed in a very long time and so this is sort of a structural element to this holding while in place and holding the railing. And they're much taller than one would think looking from the front because they go since it's an overlook they go all the way down so it's actually quite a bit of work and it has to be done historically. Great, thank you Jecini. The floor is open for questions. Councilor McGee. Thank you Director White. I just had a quick question. I know Battery Park is due for excuse me a comprehensive plan and I just assumed this work is required separate from that. Correct. I mean the sense is that we need to get the buttresses fixed up to do that and then at that time we might as well fix the fact that we've got you know just paper and there doesn't look very nice in that space so while we're in there doing that buttress work we might as well finish up that project and have that wrapped up but then the sense is that it'll fit right in when we go to do the comprehensive plan for the park that that won't doing that work ahead of time won't take away from what we're looking to do for the entire park but thank you for asking that. Great, thank you for that. I'm happy to make the motion as recommended on board docs. Thank you Councilor McGee. Seconded by Councilor Hightower. Discussion. Great team now we're going to vote. All those in favor of the motion please say aye. Aye. Any opposed? Motion carries unanimously. Thank you Cindy for your work on that and team's work on that. It's 4.03 least of vendor space in North Beach for three seasons. All right she just want to press check. Alec it's actually here by North Beach. Yes of course. Great. Thank you. This is just the this is the second lease from this vendor at North Beach. Very popular attraction people come there specifically to use the paddle board and kayak so we have another lease at Oak ledge and we get it at both ends of the bay so it works out quite well. We're very happy with paddle surf as a vendor there. Excellent. It's large opening for questions or what? Not a question just a comment which just appreciates the continued transparency on how we're opening it up to other vendors and so I appreciate the memo. Thank you Cindy so thanks for that and with that happy to move the approved and recommend that the City Council approve the and authorize the execution of all these assets to our board docs. Great is there a second? Second. First of all discussion. Seeing none we'll go to a vote. All those in favor of the motion please say aye. Aye. All right any opposed? The motion carries unanimously. Thank you. Thank you. This is 195201 Flint Avenue MOU and CSWD drop off center in Burlington. Council members want to talk about this before you. Welcome back. Thank you. Great. We're here seeking two actions and this is all in service of improving the solid waste management of Burlington and our residents to seek two things. One is a six month extension on a memorandum of understanding with Chittin solid waste district for the 195201 Flint Avenue parcel that is behind metal works and a two year extension on CSWD's lease for 339 Pine Street which is where currently they only accept compost but through this two year extension we plan a path for them to get additional space at 339 Pine as is attached to your document that would allow them to reopen trash recycling yard waste the basics at least the basics and Lee Perry and I have been working to improve both the city's soil management as well as the public's availability of drop off centers and this moves us in the direction of both though as counselors know this has been a long discussion between CSWD and the city. Okay. Thank you. Welcome, Lee. The floor is open for questions, comments, motion. Go ahead. First of all, just to confirm. So this did come before the two. You left early. You know, just, yeah, heavy night. Yes. The two did discuss this. There was no formal action taken but general support for the concept. Yeah, I'm happy to make the both motions as recommended before. Second. Great. Further discussion? Seeing none, we'll go to a vote. All those in favor of the motion, please say aye. Aye. All right. Post. Motion carries. You next slide. Thanks. Thank you. Okay. This is a 4.05 now. It's a property lease with paradigm corporations. 74 Valley Road. And welcome, Nick and Shelby. There is that as well as open for questions, comments, motion. Can you kick us off? Sure. Absolutely. So this is what we refer to as our valley area. If you recall, we had many tenants earlier last late last year that came to us with some concerns over other tenant expansion as well as the future of this particular area. Arrow Dime. I'm happy to report that we were able to negotiate over many, many months, but able to negotiate a brand new lease. This is a three-year lease with two one-year option agreements, essentially a five-year agreement on this particular site. This building that they're currently leasing today and of course with this new approval is a over 60-year-old building. This is the oldest facility that we have on the airport. I know Councillor Barlow had a question just before this regarding the per square foot rental rate of 19 cents a square foot. And that is the largest reason for that particular reduction in rent. Is this particular hanger is scheduled to be removed? The facility is not anywhere identical to any other facility that we have on our airfield and this tenant has been a long-standing tenant and this is essentially is existing rate with with our escalations. This does include a small small portion of ramp space for his business and that is pretty much it today. Great, thank you. I would like to proceed to questions, comments, motion. I would like to deal with this. Thank you. I mean is there any is there anyone that this lease is infringing on? It is not. This is the existing footprint that he previously occupied before at the same footprint, same buildings. Everything is identical to his prior. Please, I'll make the motion. Thank you, President Powell. Your second. Second by Councillor Haithar. Discussion? That's a discussion.  Yeah, thank you, Director Longo. I was just wondering if you have been approached by Transportation Utility Committee to talk about the general aviation in general and also their leases. We have one in front of us and we know there are several other that are there. What are the studies of their leases? Are they still all there, some of them left since data came and was just wondering what council committee are you working on to give a general sense about what's going on there? Yeah, great questions. So, yes, the two committee has approached me. Councillor Barlow requested a presentation not just on the sustainability study that we're working on, but also status updates of the valley as well as the neighboring communities over on the west side of the airport. So, we did that a couple of weeks ago. Thanks for the holiday. We didn't talk too much about the valley area, those tenants. I am happy to report that all about one tenant down in the valley has accepted and negotiated a lease extension in that area. So, the Vermont Flight Academy, Civil Air Patrol, the Hangar Condo Associates, Aerodyme, we have an existing tenant in this very facility that we're talking about with Aerodyme. They're all remaining and have extended their leases with the airport and have been approved by the board and the City Council. And then the final tenant, unfortunately, we're not able to negotiate. Thank you. I think we need to access those minutes, but thank you. Of course. So, Councillor James, to understand you would like to see that before you're able to vote on this item. Is that what you're saying? Not at all. Nope. Nope. Okay. We're ready to vote. Yeah. Okay. Great. Great. Any further questions? Do we have a motion and a second? There's no further comment. We will go to a vote. All those in favor of the motion will please say aye. Aye. Opposed? Motion carries unanimously. This brings us to 4.06, another airport item, request to authorize a budget neutral amendment to the airport's fiscal year 23 budget in the amount of $190,193. Welcome, Marie. So we'd like to take this one off. Sure. So, Marie Freeman, CFO at the airport. We have before you tonight a budget neutral amendment. We are looking to, we are very excited that we were able to build with federal money, specifically an earmark from LIHEAP. We were able to build a terminal integration project, which was a large expansion and now houses are on the first floor. It is a consolidated TSA screening checkpoint that is now, everybody goes to the same screening point with all state-of-the-art equipment. And then the second floor is going to be holding space and other such things. With this new space, our cleaning contract, which is what Jam is having. We have a contract with them that goes into the end of this fiscal year. They, it's a very large base. I don't remember the exact square footage and I wish I had looked that up, but I want to say. It's about 40,000 additional square feet to the terminal. So it requires a fairly extensive cleaning crew to keep that looking good and up to our standards, which required reasonably so additional charges that our, that Janet would like to, to have. So we will be, that is what we put here. And I'm balancing that because we had, I'd come to the committee earlier this year and we are going to be doing some extensive renovations in our garage to upgrade our fire alarm system and we're upgrading all of our lighting system. And that contract is not starting as early as I thought it was. We don't just, and with winter now, we'll be starting that in the spring and it will go over a period of time. It will cross the next year. So I had budgeted monies that I don't anticipate using to the following fiscal year, which allows me to shift them around and cover this increase by reasonable increase to our janitorial services. And the only thing I'll add is Janet Tech has eight months, less than eight months at this point left on their contract. So we'll be going out to bid for another multi-year contract inclusive of this area in just a few short months. Great. Thank you. Laura's open. Motion, questions, comments. Councilor McGee. Thank you. And thank you both for the overview. I just have a quick question about the 118,000. I understand that we're not going to spend at this fiscal year on that project, but assume that at some point we will need to spend that 118,000 on the garage project. So if we could just have some guesstimates as to where that money might come from next year. That's a great question. And we'll be adequately budgeting as we get closer to the budgeting season. We'll be looking at what we are. We'll have a better estimate of how fast we're able to do that construction work and improvement work. And then we will appropriate the correct amount of money in the garage cost center to cover all those repairs. So it'll, it'll, we'll have, we'll make sure we have adequate balances and checks with our revenues to cover that debt appropriation. Thank you. Thank you, Councilor McGee. Further discussion? You ready? Ready for a motion on this recommendation? Yes, I make the motion as indicated on the product. Thank you. Second by Councilor Anatar. Discussion? Seeing none, we'll go to a vote. All those in favor of the motion, please say aye. Aye. Aye. Can we oppose the motion carries the notice? Thank you, both. All right, now we're moving into the section five of the agenda, Board of Finance approval on lease taken with the airport request for an 5.01 is a request to execute a contract for design and bidding with Freeman French Freeman Inc. for the TSA administrative office relocation. Can you tell us a little bit about this? Sure. So working with the General Services Administration, GSA, who is technically the lease holder for TSA, the Transportation Security Administration, we have very specific requirements to relocate their leadership and administrative offices. Their offices are relocated because of the new terminal opening. The hallway and some of the entrances into the existing building impacted their office space. So this has pretty significant, as you can see, this is a $64,000, up to a $64,000 potential contract with Freeman French Freeman to design and set us up for a bidding process for GSA and for us to retrofit existing office space temporarily for TSA. This is just about completed. We did already sign a contract, a small contract with Freeman French Freeman, which was under the $50,000. However, we had some amendments due to new GSA requirements, which brought us over the $50,000, up to the $58,995, with the contingency. And that's the reason we're here today, including the requirements in the memo. President Paul, thank you. I have a question. Maybe I missed it in this. Was there a bidding process where we could select it? So we did a qualifications process with the architect engineer Freeman French Freeman. And then with that qualification, Freeman French Freeman within the terminal building, Freeman French Freeman was determined to be the qualified bidder or the qualified engineering provider to help us bid the actual contractual work. The only ones have been? I don't recall if they were. I think we've had a few particular qualified bidders on that, on that terminal project. But I don't remember if Freeman French was the only one. I could definitely find that out. Well, if they were, then that would be a sole source. So that would be this moment. If we put it out to bid and there was only one bidder, I'm not sure that gets captured as a sole source because we put it out to bid. Yeah, maybe not. But, you know, I mean, I think there are, I mean, I personally would be interested in knowing, I mean, these are, these are, these are very good contracts. Yeah. You know, and there's lots of architectural firms in town. I mean, I'm just wondering if there were any other architectural firms that bid on this. There were. And I, we do have it in the memo here. And I apologize. I didn't remember prior to, but we did send this out for a qualifications just a few years ago with 11 consulted respondents. I think there's I see that it does have that 11 responses. That's true. I can list them next time. You don't need to. I mean, I should have read that. So that, that is in the memo. And my apologies. I read that about that as well. Yeah, that that's fine. That's my answer. It's one thing we kind of struggled with. There's two memos that I think this was affected by the airport where this pre qualification process was at play. And we didn't want to go too far into the weeds, but thank you for that. And I think we're trying to make sure to show that it has been competitive without going into the weeds of the process that happened some years ago and how we kind of got to this point. But appreciate that.  I mean, NFA Q is not the seven and RFQ is not the same as RFP, but, you know, it is nice to know that, you know, that we're, that we're, you know, doing the best we can to be efficient.  Thank you. That's, I answered my question. I don't maybe have a motion, so I didn't. Yeah, right. So, I'm happy to move to authorize the Director of Aviation to execute a contract with Dr. Brehman as recommended, as listed in that recommended action. There are second by Councillor McGee. Discussion, seeing none. Discussion will be able to vote. All those in favor of motion please say aye. Aye. Are there any opposed? If the motion carries, you know, the slide. And 5.02 is a request to execute a contract for an engineering study with Sarah Associates, Inc. for the study of snow removal equipment, building, citing a federal study and budget neutral amendment to fiscal year 2023 budget. Want to do a quick summary of this? Sure. So, this is, this is another exciting, really essential project for the airport to kick off our SRE building or snow removal equipment building as defined by the FAA is essentially that is to store the FAA funded pieces of equipment to maintain the airport specific to snow removal. We did go out, FAA does require only in RFQ a qualifications based package. We did go out for a five year capital program qualification based package in which Pacero was selected for a few projects at the airport, but also this snow removal equipment building. This is step one, stage one due diligence, citing locations. Where can we cite this right now? Our priority location is to the very northwest quadrant of the airport, not in any residential areas or any adjacent to any residential areas. In fact, we move this even further to the north with this scope of work with Pacero to be in a commercial industrial zone to area and adjacent zone to area. It's essentially a pretty basic design. This is just the beginning of the contract stage of just shy of $100,000 just to kick things off. FAA has preliminary said that through bill funding and other transportation grant funds that this project would be eligible for a design only grant, which we need this particular scope of work just to get to that stage and then eventually abiding in a larger contract for the new building. But this is step one of really citing this new building. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. This board is open for questions, comments, motion. Motion to take the action is for how to get involved next. I second that. Second by Councillor McGee. Is there any further discussion? Seeing none, we'll go to a vote. All those appear on motion, please say aye. Aye. Aye. Opposed? Motion carries. Okay. Thank you. Thank you both. We are down to the last three items and meetings. 5.03 civic purchase. Welcome, Scott. May I kick us out with this? Sure. This is a request to purchase Civic Clark, which would be the replacement for Board Docks. We've seen several, several iterations of demos and things like that. This will be $20,000 for year one, which is including maintenance and support as well as all of the implementation and moving 15,000 documents over from Board Docks and other places into a new system. And then there will be $12,000 a year ongoing for maintenance and support, which is at least $5,000 less than what we currently spend for Board Docks. So we should get more functionality and better accessibility and better responsive design than we have today for less money. Great. That's a great question. Um, it's just a question of how far back $13,000 documents will take us? We, that's a great question. We don't totally know because it's, we're taking everything from Board Docks, but also because we want all the boards and commissions that are running on websites, everything else to move this way as well. So the $50,000 to $50,000 is for the first $15,000. They will do more than that if we want them to or need them to for $0.35 a document, which is exactly what that cost is as well. So we can do as many as we want. We just know there's going to be at least $15,000. But great question. Thank you. And I'm sorry, did you have any comments? Sorry. So how do you transition without it being ugly? It's a great question. We're going to have to have a big, a good solid plan. We won't move anybody off of Board Docks until we're ready to move on to Civic Clerk. And then we may actually run one or two in parallel just to make sure, but work with them. They've done this many, many times and they have a very solid process. So my take will be that as much as we can go out of the box with them and follow their best practice recommendations, we should be fine. We'll definitely make sure we've met that all the way through. We'll have our own project master on our side as well. Okay. So like there's, you know, we have a gap with no meeting. This is just the council forget about all the committees, you know, we just put the council in that we don't have another meeting until the 9th of January. Now, are you, are you anticipating that this wouldn't happen to the next one on the 23rd? This won't happen for a while. We're not talking about that, right? So not in January. No, I can't imagine us being ready. All right. Well, I really didn't know. No, no, it's a great question.  We're raring to go only from the perspective where we want to sign the contract and get through this. But we won't be anywhere near January. We will want to move everything over first and get everything ready and set up and we'll do some training and some vetting and some testing before we go. My expectation is that probably March is a more realistic timeframe. Definitely not January. Do not have to worry about coming back from the holidays or the right end of the new system. I was more just thinking from the perspective of when we went with board docs, which was so wild ago, we did have a council meeting where everybody got their login, everybody got their password, everybody got, and we did it all together. And it worked. We all sort of worked on it together. But remember, we weren't using a computer at all before that. So we will definitely have some time for everybody to get in, get trained, get their logins and everything else. But yeah, definitely won't be in January. Excellent. Okay. Thank you. Just I was also surprised at how cheap this was, generally. But I'm excited, I guess, that we're moving at all of the boards and commissions and committees and everything to one platform. I think that'll make it, that as much as anything else will make it more transparent for the public to know when meetings are happening and what's going on. And I think we talked about this a little bit at your presentation, but to the extent that that can also be maybe a moment when we standardize how we do things. I think that could be. That's our goal, is that we, as we bring boards and commissions over, as we bring the council to modify everything into the system, that not only will there be some uniformity in terms of how everything is used, but it'll be uniform for citizens to get to the information, find it, have accurate calendar entries that won't have to look at different places. Right. And just my small, my small addition to that is that it's usually just the PDF documents. I think both just on ordinance committee working with resolutions, it's never on the same line and always gets very confusing. Yeah. And then I think, generally, it just, I think, makes it more accessible as word starts to be a thing that is questionable if people have downloaded on their computer or not are paying for. Right. I'll make it more. Excellent. Great. It's exciting. If you're looking for a motion, I'm happy to make one. If that was you making. And so I think you answered this question already, Scott, but this does within this contract, we will transfer all the documents currently on board. Yes. We will sign the contract for the initial purchase includes 5,250 for the first 15,000 documents. And then there are more documents in that that we do want to move over. That will absolutely get everything in board docs. We know that much. I just don't know how much is out there other than in board docs. And that means we'll go back to on board docs goes back to at least 2014. So we'll move all of that. And then anything over and above that, they've already committed to helping with it. It's just a matter of, we just have to know how many it is and they'll bill us 35 cents document. 10 years would be wonderful. But I don't know if that's possible. 10 years. There isn't, I mean, we're moving everything in board docs. It goes to 2014. So if there's other documents out there somewhere else that we want to move in, we can definitely approach that as well. I know there is a system for logging resolutions for a lot longer than that. It would be wonderful to have those available to the public. We can work on the magic list. That would be great. Sure. Little known facts, probably most counselors aren't aware that there is a way of searching for resolutions that happened a very long time. I'm not even sure how to do it. I think only a few people have access. I think it's a really good point to open that up. Yeah. And we're going to try and migrate there over for all the sub not just the council. Yes. For all the boards and committees, even if they have not been on board docs to this point. And then we'll work to bring all of them into board docs so are into Civic Clark. So they're going forward. We'll all be on the same platform. Everything will be in one spot for citizens and commissioners, counselors, everything. Great. Okay. There's no further questions in this discussion. We'll go to vote. All those in favor of motion, please say aye. Are you opposed? Motion carries. Yes. Thank you. Absolutely. Unfortunately, the board's just getting started. Request for approval to execute contract for replacement of control panels for Queen City and Apple Creek and I'll stay stuck. Back to you. It's actually going to kick us off. Yes. Absolutely. Let's take it away. Yep. So we are looking to execute a contract with Pratt Smith, who will build and install two new control panels at two of our 25 pump stations, which are Apple Tree and Queen City. These are significant upgrades. These control panels are the brains of the operation and the existing control panels are original to the stations. So this will bring, these are significant upgrades that will bring these two stations closer to new and we've been piece mailing those upgrades to completely revamp those two stations. Floor is open before. That's right. Great. Thank you for that. Second by Kelser and Geedy. Further discussion? Seeing none, we will go to a vote. All those in favor of motion, please say aye. Aye. Aye. Opposed? Motion carries unanimously. Thank you, Ashley. Thanks, Ashley. And that brings us to the final item of business, approval of 2022, Junction Contracts and Salary Budget Adjustment, REIB item. And we have a bit to be jumping in to speak to this. Ed, do you want to do a quick summary of this? Sure. Hi, everybody. Bringing with you today just some few FY22 REIB budget items that will tie up our fiscal year. First is we have two vendors that the city paid out, REIB paid out for Juneteenth. That was over 50,000. And so bring it to Board of Finance to do a retroactive approval for that. And also there's a accounting error that charged one of our budget lines, salary lines from limited services. And it was supposed to be taken out of seasonal. So those are my items. Great. Thank you. Thank you, Pat. Now the Board likes to proceed. Floor is open. A quick question and happy to make the motion. And this is maybe the second list of retroactive pays that, you know, and was just wondering if we have anything else in the work coming again, or this is. This is it. This is it for Juneteenth. Yes, we caught it. And the reason why is because it was under 50,000, they were throughout the scope of like the first of the year to the end of the year that were paid out to individual invoices to these companies. And I'm happy to make the motion as indicated on board that. Thank you, Pat. Thank you, Councilor Jennings. I believe that was a second for Councilor McGee. Any further discussion, Councilor Hightower? This isn't actually a Board of Finance discussion, but just noting, I know that none of the participants ever got pictures from any of those events. The Juneteenth or the Angela Davis or the Red and Black on the green, which I think was also part of the Juneteenth event. So I've sent a few emails for just noting. I think some folks would love to see some of those pictures that were taken. Yeah, definitely. We are working with the company Black Hub and they're the ones that took the pictures and videos. So we're hoping to get that out soon. It was led by our event planner who had to transfer all the information to us. So we're hoping to get that out to the public and any community partners come soon. Thanks for letting me take that various side comment. Appreciate it. What's the word on that situation? So, good. Are we ready for a vote on the item? Looks like it will go to vote. All those in favor of the motion, please say aye. Aye. Are there any opposed? The motion carries unanimously. Thank you all. You got there a lot tonight. And without objection, having completed full agenda, you're on the Board of Finance at 5.56 p.m. I think we have a little gap between 6.30 and 5.56. Well, no, we're starting at 6. So a few minutes, yes. Just like a