Hi, my name is Kalyan. It's spelled as K-A-L-Y-N. I'm from Hyderabad, India. So my talk here is about smart homes security with Tor. So I mean, before I start, I wanted to know how many of people use smart homes or Tor in their daily lives. OK, so I mean, we have seen pretty much cyber attacks recently in Mirai, Botnet, and Brickabot, which really takes advantage of the unsecured smart homes and just lock you out of your own home. So let's get started. Yeah, I mean, there's a brief description about me. So Internet of Things is something like when I say to the people, people will think, what is he saying? People who know about Internet of Things, OK, they understand it. People who doesn't know anything, they say that he's just a mad man rambling something which we don't know about. So I mean, if you search in Wikipedia, because that's the only thing we do every time we go for Google or something like that, we search the definitions of a few things. So if you search Internet of Things in Wikipedia, you will be getting the following information from it, saying that it's an intercontability between devices where they exchange data between them and everything. So yeah. Hello? OK, thank you. So I'm sorry? Yeah, I mean, I could do that if you want. So this is what we get from a search in Wikipedia use about Internet of Things most of the time. So intercontability between devices that are in various forms like a sensor, a camera, or a smartphone, or a smart hub. So yeah, I mean, the brief Internet of Things that we have right now, so laptops, ovens, machines, and smart hubs, fridges, cars, and everything. So this is like estimated number of things that we get smart homes in the following years. So if you see like 2020 at the last over there, we have around like 50.1 billion devices that can get connected to internet by in the next three years. So we need security because you don't want to be a loser by getting logged out of your house. Because before, we had a hardware key which got duplicated much easier. And now it is pretty much easier to just make you out of your house within like five seconds. So if you see the scenario of how do these IoT things get exploited in there, like I mean, I kind of did it in four types. Basically, DDoS attacks. I mean, you get DDoS attacked on your public IP address for your smart home or botnets and malware attacks, which we have seen recently in like 2016 and 2017. And the weakening parameters, because we should accept that people make products, but they are not secure because they have hard-coded passwords or back doors or many other like XSS or CSRF, which are pretty much useful to bypass authentication system most of the time and data breaches. Like we have seen, I think there was a month dedicated for data breaches in this year, but I'm not sure which month was that. But in every one, which is like you get turned to a third party service, and the third party gets hacked. So indirectly, when you're secure, your data got breached by the third party. So most of the times, we happen to be in the second and the fourth and fifth case. Yeah, sorry for that. So yeah, I mean, what we have learned from recent attacks is that we lack security evidence because most of the people doesn't know that they have to change your default router password or your smart home password or a hard-coded default password, which is present. But most of the people doesn't know that it has an authentication system in their devices. And default credentials, as we have seen that, if you have seen the top 2017 password, we still have the password as the password itself in the first rank. So that's a kind of problem with us. And there are too many devices to manage people. People like to be very comfortable in their lives. They don't want to spend their time fixing all these things. So they just want to connect to the internet on that time. And they just forget that there's a device which can take your entire data and put it on internet for others to use. And making everything smart is not always a good idea, as my father says that it makes man lazy because if you see the ratio of the people who have technology and love technology, they just want to use smart devices in everyday life. But it kind of reduces the interaction with objects. For example, you can control your fan or your kitchen from your mobile phone.  Because at some point of time, you kind of depend on your smart home to do everything for you rather than do it for yourself. Because it just kind of we miss that interaction with the systems. Because if everything becomes smart, nothing will be no more a human being rather than a robot which do this kind of task. That's it. And the other thing is that we don't have timely updates when there's an exploit or a zero day, which is in the wild or came into the market. Because we have seen recently the NSA's zero days or the ethanol blue or Hanukkah. Because Microsoft didn't bother to patch the Windows XP systems and Windows 7 systems. But later on when it was at its peak, they said, OK, we are going to give you the patch because we feel bad or because it is our fault. But at first they ignored it, basically.  Because whenever I get a spam mail, so it is going to be like you have like 50 million euros or 50,000 pounds from a system or a mobile phone. But it is kind of fascinating and funny at the same time. Because if people see that a refrigerator sending a spam mail, they're going to laugh at you saying that how can it do that. But still, of course, it can do because when it's connected to internet, it is wide open, much more than the normal refrigerator that we use. Yeah, so this is from the IoT botnet in 2016, I think. So yeah, 25,000 CC cameras got hacked. And they launched a DDoS attack. It is kind of smart in terms of the guy who attacks it. Because if you like to know the origin of the source of an attack, so it becomes much easier to know that it is coming from a camera. But it can be a kind of confusing for the people since people never expect a camera to DDoS your site or DDoS your infrastructure most of the time. So do we need security? So yes. So sometimes we have security in the last picture because in a few websites, if you see the source code, you will be having something like that. Login.html is equals to 1 is for the login page. But if you see the next line, it will be like login.html equals to 2. So if you click on the login.html is equals to 2, you directly can enter a hub of cameras to control everything. So we need to accept that we became lazy because of technology that we depend upon.  And also it saves money most of the time for us. So I mean, people would like to have their own personalized home setup most of the time because people are not so sure in these days of using a commercial product rather than building on it on their own or working on their own home automation systems. So and a few people like me who would like to experiment new things and how they work, they would like to tinker with them most of the time knowing how they work or how do they interact with each other in their own protocols. And it can be a new experience altogether if you have taken certain responsibilities while we do this stuff. So yeah, for people who doesn't know how does Thor work. So Thor is like an open VPN system where you get connected to a different number of clients once you download their Thor browser. So Thor client starts up their relay nodes and you get connected to another relay node randomly. So your IP address is not revealed in this process or at the ISP level also. So they are like two type of relay nodes. The first one are the entry node and the exit node. So the entry node doesn't know your IP address or anything but only it just carries your request to the next node. So it has basically three fields. The entry node, the your request and the next node IP address, that's it. So the exit node can only, so the ISP only knows the exit node of the Thor relay rather than your original IP address which is kind of good because we like in this age of digital security and privacy we need a few things to do like which can be against a few governments or against legal reasons. But still we just wanted to know how things work and how do they get implemented in the real world. So the question comes up like how can we use Thor on smart homes? Basically we have seen that most of the encrypted sites have a problem with libraries or TLS implementation and also we don't have a proper solution to make smart things much more secure than what we have, what they say they are secured. So we don't want others to pry on our personal lives anymore or we don't want to know that you got hacked after three months and you don't want to know that your son has been watched by someone in the internet by a doll you bought it which is connected to internet. Yeah, so we will be using an open source system called Home Assistant, it is mainly written in Python. So we can install this on Raspberry Pi and we can operate it from the Thor. So you can connect your Raspberry Pi without a need of an extra monitor by using a micro USB and a normal RJ45 jack to your computer. And you can use your laptop screen as your Raspberry Pi screen. So I am using a latest Raspberry Pi 3B Plus version with the latest Raspberry N operating system. So recently the SSH has been like off by default due to the attacks on IoT things. So you could have like if you want SSH to be enabled by default you could just add a folder in your boot file just a empty folder saying it is SSH and whenever the Raspberry Pi boots it detects there is a SSH folder in it and you could use your Raspberry Pi from the start. So we'll be connecting our system to the Raspberry Pi screen by using a VNC which you can enable it on entering the sudo raspi-config command and you can just go for interfacing options and on the VNC server. So by default all the latest Raspbian OSes come with the real VNC server installed by them so you just need to enable the VNC server over there and just type the command. So to install home assistant in a Raspberry Pi you can just enter, so I have installed it. So to start its service so you just need to enter has. So while it's starting to boot, so we could just open. So our RC file is the file which has all the details of the Tor configurations for a client and a server. So I mean how do we connect Tor to the smart home will be creating a hidden service in the Tor so that we will have a unique onion address given to us and we'll be using a string called server authentication, sorry, and also a stealth keyword which also makes it much more secure to the other Tor nodes so that they don't know like which address that you are accessing to and it also requires an authentication cookie to access the home smart home system. So without the authentication cookie your onion address cannot be routable to the exact protocol. Yeah. What kind of address would you call? Yeah, unique onion address you will be having unique. Yeah. So yeah, the hidden service directory says where it is installed exactly and the service port number is the port number where you would like to access the Tor port number. You could even keep it as your, the same port number as the home assistant or you could just keep it for default as a HTTP port number. The hidden service authorize client is the thing which gives you a authentication cookie and the stealth keyword is something like which makes you the connection more secure without the cookie. No one can like route to your onion address and it becomes like you cannot get, I mean there'll be no scanning of your iPad address or DDoS attacks on your system and no one even connected to your smart home system even though they have an onion address. So after you have make the changes you just need to save it on the Tor RC file and you just need to restore the Tor service because it can now create a unique onion address for you with a cookie which you can access in it. So the words short 2017 Tor or hash 2017 Tor are like a generic client names which you can specify on your own and also the hidden service directory can be anything as you like. Now we need to access the unique onion address and authentication cookie from the hidden directly slash host name which has your, so yeah this is your unique onion address, the authentication cookie which you are supposed to enter in your Tor RC file on your client side so that you could access your smart home from that unique onion address. So you need to open the Tor RC file on the installed directory slash Tor browser slash browser Tor browser and data and Tor and Tor RC so you need to define it as a hidden service authentication and your onion address with your authentication cookie. So whenever you go for that onion address your Tor knows that you are the genuine client who has an authentication cookie and who has access to the home smart home system. So this will be your starting screen where you can add your devices by, so basically you can add your device information in a configuration.yaml file and just keep it on the server so that it automatically detects that there's a IoT device connected to home assistant and home assistant supports around many. So it's suppose the Amazon Echo, Apple TV and Ikea, Kodi, MQTT and even Nest and Sonos media player. I mean the total number of components will be around 736 at this point so they are like thinking to add more components in the future releases of home assistant. Once you add the information in the Tor RC file in your client system you just need to restart the Tor browser to update its changes from it. Yeah, it works, yeah. So basically if you have seen there is a not so secured it works on HTTP because we have shown it to the HTTP protocol porters. So if you want much more encryption you could just add your private certificate by using let's encrypt which can give you free HTTPS certificate to it and you will be having a much more secured way and you just need to change the line in here. So you could just take out port number 80 and you could just keep the history pairs port number as 443 and you could access by using the history pairs port number and you could even get your own certificate from let's encrypt and sometimes we have a problem of dynamic IP just assigned to us so then you could use a duck DNS server, duck DNS service so that you could connect to your home, smart home by using the DNS server so it will be much easier and much more secure. Yeah, yeah. I mean, if you have any doubts, yeah, sure. I'm sorry, the software that we are using is entirely open source. Okay. Yeah. So I mean, I have a command list so that I could give it to you so I'll be attaching it with my PowerPoint so that you could have all the command that you should work on the server side and the client side also. Yeah, any more? Yeah, I'll be uploading it as soon as possible. Any more questions? Yeah, I mean, that is the one thing that because if you want all things then you need to compromise at some point, so. But of course, there will be some latency issues with the thought but I know, I mean, you don't want to be watched by someone so you need to compromise it like on the speed side but thought is really working on to get more to reduce the latency issues and they are working on to secure thought internally more by sandboxing the entire process and also working on new algorithms for the thought release and so that whenever you kind of the random relay you get connected to will be the fastest relay in the network. Yeah, sure. Otherwise, thought is designed not to be the fastest otherwise that would be a better thought. I mean, I mean, I'm not saying too fast like 100 GPS network or 100 GPS network but if you have seen that, if you want to access Facebook by a thought if you compare the accessing speed by a ISP level to a thought level, we will be having a lag in the loading time. So it can be reduced to some point so that it is not at speed as possible from the ISP level but you will be, it will be good to access like you don't want to wait the next 30 seconds just to look at a blank screen loading the Facebook.com in thought. So any more questions that you can ask? Thank you so much and have a great day and happy hacking.


What it what it? Hello everybody and welcome back to stick wars I ate is there on it But we are back because I was told by somebody that the campaign is For one really short, but the end of it is really good and you also get skins However, I do have a treasure chest open because I did have a quick try of the endless night scenario So we'll collect one of these There it is How do I open? I want to open. Oh, there we go. What do we get anything good some skins?  I have no idea what the crown is. Oh Oh, there's new chaos spells. Oh, it was one of these It was your statue gains back a portion of itself and protect itself with a powerful powerful lasers for 20 seconds Oh, that's interesting. So we're gonna lose. We have that power if you wanted to Ooh Spawns a gold mine on your half of the battlefield. Oh, that's actually really good Um Summoner pounds are dead to jump past the enemy's front lines Oh Boost unit training speed for 20 seconds. Oh, there's some really good ones. Summoner kai rider. What? The necromanic mantic leader mounted on a giant Okay Oh, these are cool. Oh, is this game still being updated? I feel like those one thing like a second ago Okay, so we're gonna do the classic campaign. We're 60. We're basically almost done I think we got this then the ice hills and then desert. Okay, no man's land The natives of no man's land are said to be monsters of gargantuan proportion. Oh, well, that's always good Are the oh, they're gonna mine as well. Okay, so what I've done Is I have also went with the leaf blade miners because they're quicker and they're cheaper Which to me just like makes more sense One two three four five. They got five so far We have five as well ooh Should we get a dude and then run over to oh my good god. How?  What am I supposed to do?  I think I need to take control of one of these guys. I need to take control of him Like if I can just uh get past Get past him. Yeah, here we go. Here we go.  Oh brilliant. Is there another one coming? Okay, it's all gonna be giants Okay, we scared them Oh, we could have we could have scared them. Damn. I didn't think about that. Okay, so I'm more prepared this time though Right, let's make that giant to be taken out so easy Uh, should we we've got a couple of arches?  I didn't mean for that. Uh, oh nuts Okay, so that's three bowmen. Let's charge. Let's do we took out one giant, right? We don't want them to be able to get another giant Definitely not. So here we go. Here we go ready guys run in All the damages Oh, yeah, I didn't realize they got help at all time Oh, yes. Yes. Be afraid Awesome Okay, we we we won right? I think we pretty much won. Yeah, let's go for three more workers max out our gold and then we're good So i'm just gonna oh Oh, okay. Yeah, it is time to attack. So there's three more workers because they're made quicker and they cost less as well Oh, yes, kill them run away Oh, whack him. Yeah got him And then retreat then retreat then retreat because they've got their archer dudes. Whoa Damn, so if I go on spells Oh, yeah, there it is the chaos spell we can have lasers if we wanted to Which I don't want to I think we're we yeah, I'll be overkill at this point I feel like we should have our own giant although we can't have a giant. So you know what we'll have a wizard Just gotta stop them from gathering gold That's my gold. Yep. There we go. That's that's good enough for me I didn't get some gold though Right, what do we think just more arches arches are the way forward man Yeah, you think you're about to mine a little bit. You're about to mine. Oh, you got a couple of wax off And then your wax on I think no matter what they throw at us will be good Here they come kill them. Yes. Oh, I got two of them Oh, there's the wizard Uh Okay, we're still getting doody dudes right these guys are gonna adjust to attack us I think So we're just gonna hold here for a second. We've got plenty. I mean, we could just keep on getting loads of these Let's get loads of those. Okay. Let's go in the attack. They've only got two giants. We're all good Look at the amount of minions and arches and a wizard We are Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, look tough. I like how they're queuing Don't be so at least the arches are doing damage though. That's the important thing Yes brilliant And do we lose any I don't think we lost anyone We still got people running in Oh, look at our slashes Yes Easy defeat Gems I love a good gem. Oh, what's this? What do we get?  Oh, yeah for god. We've already upgraded stuff Yeah wizards of the way forward so one max minion and 15 magic hill stun damage I mean 25 castle archer and damage per grade 100 health or you know, let's get some gold Let's give our dude a crown All right, so where are we up to now? Oh What's this ambush your army has been attacked by natives to this land Reticulous, this cannot be this cannot be allowed Reforcements will arrive at sunset.  Okay, never mind Well, you know what? Yeah, it's fine. Yeah, it's fine. I think we've got loads of gold Yeah, you got loads of gold I love this like castle castle crashes esque music aha Yes, this is what I was worried about Come on. Come on. We've got this. So there's only three coming for the first wave and they're quite far away And we'll get one more because Even though he does a lot of damage he's uh There's only two of them taking on three of them. Oh saying that they're all dead Brilliant. Oh it comes a giant. It's time to get the sorties on the go Now we're at a way better stage than we were last time. Okay, go and attack go and attack them Oh, I was hoping one of you with lunge, but I guess not Come on. Come on. Come on.   Oh the giant there. The giant's just keeping up bay. This is okay This is fine. It's fine Aha, they're just too close to him right. What else is coming? I don't know, but we've got a lot of sortie dudes on the way Do you even get our own giant? We could call them Michael Michael the giant I mean even against spawns you could probably Oh Get in boys Oh wait. No, hold on. Hold on. Hold on.  Yes Yeah Uh, there's too many of them. There's too many He gets about three hits and then he's dead son. Yo Dave Okay, what do we go for next? I mean we upgraded wizards, right? I mean we could I just like the archers man. There's something satisfying about seeing a million arrows fly in There you go. Easy dead. Anything else coming? Oh, we did it I feel like we're um For a bit OP. I don't know It feels that way Generate more gold a big crown. Yes Ooh Three don't know what three is Uh ice hills you have found the cap of your enemy's elite leaders Destroy the elite leaders Oh Spartans, okay. What's good against Spartans wizards wizards are good against Spartans. So that's one two three four five Six, okay. Let's see what they do Oh, there's a Spartan dude. There's a Spartan dude. He looks like he might be attacking or is he just gonna Oh, he's holding. He's holding. He's being steadfast. That's good. That's good Because oh, is that another one? Oh, it's another one Ooh Okay, we're getting a lot of gold in If they do attack don't worry. They've got a lot of health and everything.  Uh, we might oh is that another one coming? Ooh, okay. It's about time. We're gonna have to go in. We're gonna have to go in. Okay. Here we go run in run in It's okay. It's okay. It's okay. We got this get the gold get the gold Ooh, okay. There we go. We've got three arches. That's not too bad. We'll give him a second Uh, should we have lasers? Should we use the laser power? I feel like I want to use the laser power laser power Yeah beautiful lasers Ha ha ha That was brilliant. I loved it. I loved every second of that. Yeah, we got this Oh, that was sweet the laser-eyed statue and then look at all that You're pretty much won this I'm just saving for a wizard Depends. I mean everything looks like it's got loads of attack That's what that wizard don't Yeah, like that army right there. They're dead. They don't stand a chance. We get this wizard out. We're good Yes Give me the wizard Because I think the wizard can make five minions now because I've already upgraded those Why is this game so satisfying? I love it Low key guys.  We don't have any more laser eyes Should I get loads of archers now? We've got two wizards two flipping wizards Yes One two three four five five friggin minions There you go giving birth has never been easier Oh, we're running low on gold though. We're just too good They've gotten oh, they've got one spot on dude, but we've got a lot of archers and they've got a lot of footmen Oh, look at that statue with his plus 80 that crown rain cheap Made of pure diamonds Are you gonna attack yet because I'm about to massacre you Do you have any other spells or I have a volley and minors mine quicker if I wanted that Um, should I just get like filling the rest of the pop with swordsmen? I feel like if we just had a huge Flow of swordsmen. We're pretty much gonna over. Yeah, let's go. Let's go. There's nothing that they can do at this point, right? I don't think there's anything Yeah, they may be elite But they're about to go down Oh, they're fleeing no way Okay, okay. Uh, now i'm a bit worried a bit worried that they're fleeing. I want spawns now Because the thing is they're all gonna attack plus their reinforcements and it's gonna be insane Just as long as we can stop them from getting any more. I'll be happy I think from now on We just need spawns now. We need something to hold the front line Yeah, run away. Run away. This is what we gotta do. This is the tactic Whoa, what the? Oh, almost There it is. That's 500. Sorry 50. That's going again They're starting to get our spawns I heard like a oh, they've got a wizard Oh, right. We can't we can't pull up with that now. Can we we're gonna have to go and kill them? Yes, this is it killer.  The miners are coming over Come on wizards Yeet them. Yes They've got their own wizards though Uh, we need to keep on getting this pop Come on. Keep on going in. Keep on going. We need to make them faster. We've got a huge freaking giant Where are the arches are there? The arches are good though. Just flinging in arrows. Who cares about friendly fire? He's down. He's down. This is it. There's the push. This is the push Still tough. Yeah, got him got the wizard That's it. I think we're done. I think we're done I wish you could make your workers attack.  Whoa, that was close though. I don't think as much else they can do. That's it They're still making spawns though Yeah Easy peasy. Oh, we got another chest guys. Sweet Okay, so we can make two more. I mean, I guess we could 10 health per upgrade. Okay, and 10 block chance per upgrade Or we can yeah, let's give a little bit 20 health and 20 damage That'll do. Oh, this is it. Is this the final one? Oh, how does this work? I don't know. Well, it seems to be the last bit. Is this the last mission? Ooh, last stand. Well, it sounds like it Final battle all your enemies have joined together and vowed to destroy you for taking over their land Your best chance is to use all the technologies you have acquired through your conquest against them. What is this? Because I'm British Last stand, okay Have they got okay, they've got their own right fair enough. Come on quicker quicker. We need more we need more gold Get more girls Oh, that's a spotting already Oh, these are the fire. Oh, no. Is he coming straight over? He's coming straight over He's uh, he's not hanging about this guy Um, is there another one coming? Is there just one? Okay. Well, I guess we just keep on making as the the thing comes in just keep making them Yes, is there another spotting coming? Okay, it's a sword dude. I'm okay with a sword dude. That's fine. Do damage to me statue. It's all good Because now my swords are coming.  That's how we do it Okay, here comes another spot. That's okay. That's okay. Let's get an archer an archer done No, I don't want to take control of you You're way better doing it yourself Gold boys We'll get two more because we've got a gold mine here I don't know if there's any point ever taking their gold is that oh, they're attacking all right then I mean, I think we're better upgraded than this stuff anyway, so Oh, the cowards or even the miners are running away. Never mind Yeah, we got this. We've got this What do you think guys should we just go for arches lots of arches or I think we should go for two wizards at least a pretty much one. Oh, they're attacking what? Straight off attacking. All right, then We're just gonna lose but fair enough Boy trying to back away. He tried to back down Right in comes the wizard and that's just got a bunch of arches Look at them getting they're getting their gold and then All of the sooty boys Look at that statue.  They're just like a a longer lasting swordsman So if we just like because we've got so much gold now, we may as well just speck into our spawns That's what I'm thinking how we just spot a spot to pop Yeah, spotting is to pop. I didn't see how much a wizard was So they've got one two Two spawns two bowmans and two swords. I think we can attack now. I think we're good You don't realize how big my army is there.  This enemy has called for reinforcements. Okay back away Oh, they got wizards as well Yeah, I'm getting spottings though buckle No, all right. It's time to fight There you go. There you go. Come wizards do your big hits That's how we do it But I think we just get a load of arches as well. I think that that must be how we do it Maybe more arches would have helped. I only have like three. Oh, no, it's a fair few We're losing them quick though. There's a lot of wizards on their side too Need more arches You see that's the thing if you get so many of a certain unit they just end up queuing So you might as well get arches because at least arches can continuously hit everything Oh, I know the spawns already through killing the wizards. Oh brilliant. Yes more arrows Yeah, there we go. There we go Oh, they got a giant though No, the one spot. Oh, that's right killed the miners. Yes Look at these spawns man brilliant More arches The other cost one each you can get 50 arches I have 50 arrows each time I don't care if your spawns are good against them. There's only you can only take so many arrows I mean look at it And you get knocked out not knocked back by the wizard you're done Yep, that's it pretty much. Yeah, there it is.    That's a bigger giant Oh, okay. What do we do guys? What do we do? Oh my god? uh, okay I I say we just keep going with the archer tactic of a hundred arrows As long as we just keep them there. We're good Yeah, I think we're gonna kill them. We it's just all arches at this point Maybe it may have a few things to run in though.  That was epic Oh, well there you go guys. We did it only took uh, less than an hour in total I suppose Oh sweet. I like how one was called crazy j Unlocked level three bonus What's level three bonus?  What's the last one? I wanted to try the last bonus mission Deal with the dead the tribe referred to as the vampiric soul stealers have traded their technologies with the morocoy Also known as the dark water the dead in exchange. She's enhanced their weapons and armor With a chaotic curse which strains the life force of their victims cast the morocoy's army of soul stealers back to the depths from whence they came Well, I already like the um the language terminology being used. Ah They're using that. I got you. I don't know how much gold we need We've got 80. Oh, what's that? Is that a wizard? That is a wizard What's good? Archedons are good against wizard, right?  What? Whoa, what? I don't know. That's new Oh, wait. Oh, did it just drag him a little bit closer? Okay, he's gonna do it again What do you do? Oh, he's something deads now Oh, okay.  Oh lord We're okay. We got this guy. I swear There's a wizard kill the wizard Here we go. Here we go now. It's just loads. Let's get loads Uh, we got some arches. Do we have any we don't have any arches is grabbing people? Ah It's not so good. Oh no Um, oh god. Oh, no. Oh, this not so good. He's like healing and and and there's so much stuff And I don't like it. Um, I can only do so many peeps Are we winning? I don't even know So we retreat. I think we retreat for a bit gather our numbers Gather the gold Maybe kill some things We got plenty of gold. We just need to like attack them with numbers Oh, no, maybe I should have graded the castle dunes or whatever they're called Uh, do I get anything if it goes below our health? I don't know if I do. Okay, it's time to attack. There we go. There we go. Oh, no the ghosty dude Oh, it's with the wizards as well. Oh and oh, no Oh, no Oh, it's not looking good It's really not looking good. Oh wait, hold on. There may be hope there may be hope Hit him from the back.   We don't have much we need more golds We've got a lot of arches. So that's good because there is a wizard We need to get our gold production up again That'll do that'll do that'll do It's been a close one and you may you may you may attack There we go. There we go. All right. We need to bring the battle to them though Beautiful beautiful don't let us spawns in here we go.  Yes scared them scared them. Oh, there's just one dude left. Yes. Yeah, that's it. That's that's that's gg I think that's gg when you do that to them. There's nothing they can do We have a fair bit of arches And now it's just if you could get that spell that makes you train things quicker Oh, that would be sweet seems to me whenever I make one of these videos the zombies Or something like it uh I guess we can just go for spawns now attack Actually, hold on hold on don't do it just yet. Don't hold on.  Oh look at that guy out out first Oh, he didn't get hit. He hasn't been hit yet. Oh the cowards Oh, is it? Oh, there you go. There you go. There you go. Oh, he hit somebody. Oh, he got him Right run away Um, is that a necromancer giant? Okay More of these please What does he do? Oh my god, he could summon huge zombies Well other zombies are they are they poisonous? Are they just regular ones? All right then you want to go son Oh, he's gonna summon more Oh, no. Oh, no. I think we just need numbers now. Maybe we need arches. The more arches the better That's what we do It's not too bad. I mean the zombies it's not really much of a problem I wouldn't have thought I think we're good They have a wizard but so do we Oh, he's got a blade and I realize he's got a tree or is this a bit of grass? I don't know.  There he goes Beautiful Yeah, just overwhelm them with arrows. That's how you do it See this was fun Oh, I love it. There's loads of funness Yes, every time one dies we replace them with arrows now How many arches do we have? Oh, yes. I want to be an archie Alone. Oh, you got blown up and you didn't get to do anything that poor spirit. I don't know what it is called Yeah, oh, we got We got the rope. We got the vampiric reward. Oh, sweet. Okay before we go guys We need to see what we got in those treasure chests. I think we yeah, we got two Yeah I collect those. Okay. Let's see What we're gonna get oh health. Oh a dig faster a leaf blade. Can you get oh, we already got Damn, I was wondering if you get doubles. Do you get yeah? Okay Something good fire. Okay I think those are always that That's like the legendary character. I think you can get like a super bowman in summon them. That's so cool. I love this I love it so much. Anyway guys, well, if you enjoyed this video, leave a like and a ton next time Well, let's take on the rest of this other bonus mission. Shall we? Oh, bye-bye


And now I want to move on to a few reflections on things that were particularly interesting or surprising or exciting that a couple of folks have heard. And we've asked today, Jessica de Villa. Rob from the Claremont Colleges. Rob Hilliker from Roan University, and Allison Hitchens from the University of Waterloo to share some of their reflections briefly. You know, really just a couple of minutes worth of reflections on things that caught your attention. I think it's probably just as sensible to, to just do this in alphabetical order is any for want of anything that is more involved so perhaps Jessica you could Yeah, I'm happy to thank you for inviting me great presentations I really enjoyed all of them. I made it through the entire day and I'm so glad that I did without any multitasking. So, some things that really caught my attention that you know they really excited me because they're things we're grappling with that Claremont. We're grappling with them on a smaller scale than some of the R1 folks but still they are challenges for us, you know just the same. I really enjoyed hearing the projects, in particular the digital borderlands. I love that the folks talked about. We've learned the digitization project planning. For me, we've grappled with that digitization project planning but overall digital digital project planning. With a lot of our faculty who have these really interesting digital humanities or digital scholarship projects. And oftentimes where we see that there's a need for additional guidance or support is in that part the project planning helping them to really think from beginning to end, what you know is especially outlining what their expectations are for long term access and preservation, and thinking about that early on, because how they approach the project would have implications for the end project, but also something else that caught my attention, just highlights everything was very interesting, but the talk in the morning this morning from the Montana State folks. And I say morning because I'm on the West Coast, but the Montana State folks that was really interesting to me. So this idea of a need for a shared language and the two talks together helped me really think about future roles. And this is a nod to Robert Robert's work, these future roles of librarians are librarians in the throughout the research life cycle. Not just the digital but also the, like the work of translation and, and you know advocating for that shared language and making research accessible. So those are just some of my takeaways. Thank you for, thank you for those thoughts though, very, very helpful. Robert. Yeah, I think I picked up on a lot of the same threads that Jessica picked up on but the frame that jumped out for me and I'm trying to remember if it was Jonathan who used this word in his presentation about preserving new forms of scholarship was ecosystem. And that really you know what what where there's a concern about sustainability. There needs to be attention to what is the ecosystem and part of what we saw today is whether it was a presentation from a vendor like Elsevier right, you know, for private corporation, or an institution or funding agency or you know body like the Council on money that sits in between a number of these bodies that there was a focus on data sharing on right sharing of code and models for doing things. And that all of that openness around that facilitates a lot of the other healthy behaviors of distributing costs and effort, and also awareness. Right. And so, you know, the entire idea for example of you know translating the abstract I loved the fact for example that they're working with the schema dot org micro data, which I think again is one of these standards created precisely by people operating between, you know, for profit court right so you see where I'm getting at here when we work together to build a common infrastructure that is shared. If it's open, then we have an opportunity to create, you know, economies of scale that promote sustainability and cultures that scale right and interoperate with each other. And so for me that's the biggest takeaway because when we start to think about I mean what have we talked about today right we've talked about issues of compliance, you know, issues of ethics and all of those things can be very complicated. So if we add an additional complications of restricting access to the information and other things we need to know. Then we're just adding another layer that threatens the top at all. So, I guess that would be kind of my takeaway pulling a threat to use several threads together. Thank you for that. That's, that's really interesting to And, you know, it's striking that, while we also heard all of this stuff about openness. There's always these caveats about personal information, you know, read reidentifiability of anonymized data and all of this. That's really interesting. Thanks, Cliff, and I want to echo Jessica, I think because I was invited to do this reflection it meant I, I did focus on the virtual conference today when it's so easy during a virtual conference to be pulled in many different directions so. So thank you for that because it talks are really interesting. Right now, I have a research data management hat on because in Canada, many of us are working on our institutional rdm strategies to meet the try agency policy. And so it was really interesting to me as I listened to all these things, even if they weren't about research data management as their focal point, how much it kind of relates into it as we look at the research life cycle, and just the reminder that I think from the Arizona folks from their experience that data management is a continuous process it's not that checkbox did my dmp at the beginning, and then at the very end of it oh wait I need to do something now I need to deposit it somewhere or need that there there's things that are going to go on throughout the life cycle that we in libraries can kind of have a valuable role in and helping them, helping researchers to see that. That I think for me whether it was from the work that Montana is doing to the work that Elsevier was doing to the work that Arizona is doing really was around that saving the time of the researcher. I think another group mentioned you know making sure that researchers are doing, doing the science not the administration and. Arizona folks I think that I will also said, you know, this data management is it's about responsible conduct of research and doing your research well. So getting it a little bit away from that compliance issue which I think when mandates come out. That's the first thing that our researchers go to is like oh our granting agencies want to do one more thing when we're already very busy, and we're trying to focus that away from. It's a compliance issue because you're not going to get a grant unless you do these things, but it's a compliance issue because it makes good research, and if we can do some things to figure out those pain points, like some of you are doing in your work you're trying to figure out where are the pain points or researchers coming to what, where are the ways that we can do help so that, so that it gets a little bit smoother and they can think about the research, how this fits in how data management is working at the beginning of it will actually help them in many many aspects, not just for this project but other projects down the road, and see that as a good part of research as opposed to seeing it as, as ticking a box and I think that's where our, our role in many ways is is going to be, you know with some of our clients is finding a way to tell that story, rather than telling the story of you know your granting agency wants you to do one more thing thing now and I think that's our challenge is how to do that. But one other thread I wanted to pick up on that I that that was with the Arizona presentation. They mentioned doing a lot of the research projects that they were on we're working with community partners and that's something certainly that as we've been going on around at Waterloo talking to the researchers about the new try agency policy. Some of the research are saying, but what about our community partners and what does that mean in terms of sharing data and what limitations or not does that put on and what are the consultations we have. And so I think that was an important thread, as well. For us to be thinking about this with kind of the different lenses of what's appropriate how our communities involved in that that goes beyond Indigenous communities which we are focused on a lot but also all sorts of communities that we're working with their data and how we can be thinking about it differently. So I was happy to see that thread pulled out as well. Thank you for those reflections. Those. Thank you all those were all wonderful kind of drawings of connections among the sessions and you know I as I as I've listened this afternoon I've noticed the same thing that while they were on, while our talks they were on very different topics they interconnected in a lot of both obvious ways. So, thank you for underscoring some of those connections. I think we are done for the day. We are actually on time. And I would just say thank you all for spending these hours with us. I hope it's been worthwhile. And I hope to see you tomorrow. We will start off at one o'clock Eastern with with an invited talk from Heidi Frazier Krause of just and we'll conclude with with another invited talk on the ACLS committee and a couple of reflections on the second day of the meeting. And certainly I thank again our commenters today who set a very high bar for that. So I look forward to seeing you tomorrow. Have a good rest of the day evening, or whatever time zone you're in. Take care.


And what happens is it becomes a buildup and we lose the horse. After a while, this becomes like a conditioned response. It's in the little things. It starts right now. Actually, it started when we were setting up our camera and he was looking at us. What I'd like to do is walk up to him in a way that is approachable, non-threatening. I'm aware of the other horses around me in case they come over and cause my horse to get pressured to move away.  No trouble in the horse's bubble. I can keep him bending. Well, then he's not going to be in a position or a mindset to go up or to bolt or do any of those things. So as I work with him, I'm looking at the other horses. Now you can see I'm already insignificant to him. He's sort of looking over the top of me. But we'll see if we can redirect his attention and try to get him feeling for me and focused on me. So this is looking pretty nice right here. It's looking pretty nice. It's decent. See if I can get him to look over at his buddies. We'll see if the eye and the ear can go over and sort of look in that direction. We'll see if we can have him look over here. This is where he normally would leave people, I think. And it's a little bit like a trigger. So at some point what happens is his energy level comes up enough that all of a sudden he just sort of takes over. And it may not even be that he wants to take over. At this point, it's almost become a reflex, for sure a reaction. So I need to keep his mind in a state of mindfulness, awareness, feeling for me, and not just this reactive, nervous, nervous state. I would like to become his little herd. Just me and this horse. Instead of him looking at these other horses, could he key in on me? This is looking good. And do you notice how I'm patterning this idea of nose between the shoulder and then bringing his head down? And when I reach up, I'd like that head to come down. It's like a handshake. If I reach out for you, do you reach out for me? Same thing with him. See, here he's already starting to take over a little bit. We brought his life up. And now he's excited. And he wants to go a little bit more. When he brings his head down, his feet will work better. So instead of tripping on that right hind foot, what he'll do is he'll start to cross it under in a functional way that actually works for him. I don't know if you can hear his breathing at all through the microphone. There's a little reaction there. He'll tip his attention. Good. It's looking nice. What I'd like to do is take his energy and his life, put it to work for me. Put it into something. Get smooth on the feet. And above all, forward. That's looking nice. It's better. I'll encourage him. Look to the right. Get soft. The head will come down. There's a little licking and chewing. He's definitely taking more pressure and encouragement than I'd like to have. But I can tell he's tense. He's more tense inside than he looks on the outside. That's pretty typical for many, many horses. It's a good change there. I'll walk away. In fact, we'll bring his life up and come with. A little bit more. We'll halt. Obviously, sort of an overreaction to my halt, but at least he's not bowling through me. When I turn and lift, that would be my backup. The halt is a place where horses think. They can look around, tune out. This is something that the humans taught the horse. A halt is really important. When we halt, he needs to be on standby and be ready. That's looking quite nice. Let's get back to a little bit forward, but then maybe stepping the shoulder and the barrel and the hindquarters over. Now I'm going to add to this a little bit. Notice I'm trying to work on that hindquarters. It's his choice to step the way he is and to move with the amount of energy he has. He wants to latch onto these other horses. And I'm going to say, you need to stay with me. Be mindful of me. Good. It's looking fine. Now this other horse, what if I step in and move his friend off? And so the idea there, and I'm a little insignificant to his buddy too, but the interesting thing here is now this horse, he's in more of a leader position. Now I'm not sure which horses are the most dominant in here, but either way, it's sort of a confidence building thing for him. And we'll see if we can get these horses a little more responsive to move off. Now I'm doing this for a few reasons. One, he's already winning for his buddies. One, the goal is that he clings to me and latches on, hooks on to me. The other thing is, it clears space for me to get out of the gate without the other horses pressuring me. Now notice he's looking at me and the other horses. In my peripheral, I can see him and he looks pretty good. Now my horse has to split his attention between me and his friend, so this guy learns to split his attention a few different ways so that he's not just a one track minded guy. So even under pressure, he'd look to us. It will help me leave the gate more successfully to have the other horses out of my area. Great. Wonder if that horse is going to. Not just training one horse. When you go out to catch your horse, it's the whole herd you're working with. He's coming back at us. He's got to leave, though. He wants to instigate movement of the other horse. The other horse goes, are you crazy? Just eat. Use that a little bit and say, hey, you know what? Split your attention back to me. Look at that, so that right ear comes to me and his left ear might be on wild man. See, same thing here. So maybe he could split his attention. Don't get crooked. He said there's a bug on my side. I said, I'm more important than a bug. Look at me, head between those between the shoulder. It's better. Interesting. Now at this point, as I approach, it'd be really nice to see this one bring his head down. I'm encouraging it here. Good. There. It's nice. All right, so now let's work this gate a little bit. Now I notice there's some barrels here, which is sort of a nice, so maybe there was water in there, sort of a nice little thing. Because what if I were to set up a little doorway, take a look at those barrels? What's up with those? Get curious. It'd be really nice. Don't get so fast with me over here. Be mindful of me. There, let's come through with some feel. And I'll be soft if you're soft. Forward motion. First, we'll have him come through. Take that hind quarters. You have to multitask working with horses and keep just like they need to split their attention. We need to be able to split our attention. It's a little claustrophobic, I notice. So that's going to make a difference taking them through the gate. And what can happen is you can have sort of a buildup. So let's say it's nighttime, and the bugs are bad, and there's grain in the stall, and the horse knows they're going to come back to a happy place inside. There's this buildup. And it might not just be one thing. It might not just be his herdmates. It might be the fact that he's walking through a gate or a narrow space, and he's going then into the barn. And what happens is it becomes a buildup, and we lose the horse. After a while, this becomes like a conditioned response to where the horse doesn't think about it anymore. That's nice. Now, can you look to me? Well, I'm insignificant. So you get your feet moving. Since I can't get your mind coming down towards me, then we're going to put that life, that energy, into something like movement. I'm really helping him. This is where I'd rather his head be when I'm leading him out of the gate. Then I'm not going to have memory lapses and airs above ground. So that looks pretty good. Look at his friend. He's persistent. It's good. It's good. I'm really helping this one, since it gets soft. You don't have to be tense around me, but you do have to be mindful of around me. And if I need to become more interesting than the other horses, well, I might have to work a little bit. And there might be some high energy going on sometimes in my work. But eventually, they understand, oh, Jack's pretty calm. Just be calmer on that guy. Good. Just feeling pretty nice. Just trying to see if I can get him to get soft. And the bugs kind of overreactive to bugs, I notice. Sometimes that's just like the final straw. A horse is already tense, and then all of a sudden the bugs just kind of put him over the edge. But either way, they need to be mindful of us. Pressured at the gate with other horses. Now I can take my time getting my horse out. So it also takes the pressure off of my horse, because he's not bottlenecked there at the gate either. All right. So I can open this gate in, which is interesting. Sometimes people are just worried about getting their horse through and not letting the other horses get through. And so then it's like a high pressure type situation. What if I could send him through a few times, take that hind quarters, back him up. If his head comes down, I'll let him stay. I'll let him stay there. That's fine. If his head is up, and if I'm just not significant to him then we don't need to fly in so fast either. All right. Oh, this is a really nice expression. I've convinced him that I'm the one to pay attention to. Maybe we're the herd, just us two. It's looking good, except for he's just a little stuck. But trying to keep it calm and just keep a little bit of a feel on there and see if he'd come forward off of that contact there. That's looking better. All right, so now we work outside. The good news is it's not much different than what we did inside the pasture. So now we're out here. And actually his head's down. So that's a good, that's a great little default would be for him to drop that head down, look at me, see if we can step that shoulder over. It's looking all right. He wants to scratch at a bug, but he's keeping me in the picture. So that's a good thing. That's looking nice. My horse, if he drops his head down, he's then in a mind state to work for me. We first have to become significant to the horse. We can't just be invisible. Notice I'm moving shoulders and hind quarters and taking them over to the side. So I'm preparing him, ideally in a calm way, preparing him to cross those hind legs and look to me when you're under pressure. And we might just transition our way to the arena. That's looking pretty nice. Or maybe we'll go in the barn a time or two and come back out. In fact, we'll see in a minute. I'm going to go back in the barn and we'll come out. Now, nose between the shoulder. Right here, I'm a little bit out of his radar. And I might say get back because it's not just getting him there. It's how we get there. So if we just worry about getting him there, over time, that's going to erode. And pretty soon, it's not very mindful. Yeah, it's OK. What if I had an injury and I couldn't walk very fast? Would he wait for me or would I have to be holding him back? Hopefully, he'd wait. Good. Nice and easy. What we'll do is we'll just go in the barn, bring him back out, try it again. And I might move a little faster as we go. So in, and there's the goat. And bring him back. Take his forehand over, chase the danger, bring him back in. We want to make sure that that doesn't become sort of a conditioned response or reaction where we come out. He's going through a tight, narrow doorway, and then all of a sudden spooks. We don't want that. So let's make sure that we could bring him out slowly. All right. And not rush. I might even be able to, say, take a foot back. Good. That's it. Here we go.  Want to know that I've got him? I don't need any sliding stops yet. Let's work on. He's still looking at his goat friend. So going back in. That's interesting. Now a good thing we worked with his buddies on moving away. Because again, I don't want to get bottlenecked in here. And actually, they're being quite polite so far. Send him in. I don't want to lose him here because that could very well happen. Now at this point, send his buddy out of here. And you know, really, by moving his friends away, I'm helping the next person handle this horse. But see, it takes the confinement. And he's less compressed coming in and out. Now, I might go in and out a few times, but you get the idea. That's how I would work with this. And if every time he goes out, he runs, you take the halter off, he puts his head up, and he runs away, pretty soon that becomes the build-up. And this is this excited thing where we reach up, we take the halter off, and they run away. So pretty soon the next day, you bring him out.  And what I like to do whenever possible, send his buddies away, bring him in, have him turn. He'll face us. I'm not going to completely let him go, but I'll show you this is good practice, too.   Then when I walk away, I would want his nose and his mind sort of to stay with me. Now, I won't fully release him here, but if I were to walk away, I'd want him to think about me, maybe stay for a second, and then leave slowly, not just bolt away. This is pretty important. And by contrast, if I were to bring him in through the gates, line him up with his happy land, his happy place, the pastor and his buddies. Right now, you can see, and now if I were to take the halter off, he'd be running away. And that would become a new habit or behavior.


Hello and welcome to the session. I am Deepika here. Let's discuss the question which says If the coordinates of the points a, b, c, d, b 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 minus 4, 3, minus 6 and 2, 9, 2 respectively then find the angle between the lines a, b and c, d Now we know that direction cosines of a line are the cosines of the angles made by the line with the positive directions of the coordinate axis and direction cosines of a line joining two points p with coordinates x1, y1, z1 and q with coordinates x2, y2, z2 are given by x2 minus x1 over pq y2 minus y1 over pq z2 minus z1 over pq where pq is equal to under root of 2 minus x1 whole square plus y2 minus y1 whole square plus z2 minus z1 whole square Again we know that the angle theta between two lines with direction cosines l1, m1, m1 and l2, m2, m2 is given by cos theta is equal to mod of l1, l2 plus m1, m2 plus m1, m2 Now these two formulas we will use in this question So this is the key idea behind our question So let's start the solution Now we are given the coordinates of the points a and b are 1, 2, 3 and 4, 5, 7 respectively So we are given a is a point with coordinates 1, 2, 3 and b is the point with coordinates 4, 5, 7 So according to our key idea a, b is equal to under root of 4 minus 1 whole square plus 5 minus 2 whole square plus 7 minus 3 whole square And this is equal to under root of 3 square which is 9 plus 3 square which is again 9 plus 4 square which is 16 And this is equal to under root of 34 Hence the direction cosines of the line joining a and v are 4 minus 1 over under root of 34, 5 minus 2 over under root of 34, 7 minus 3 over under root of 34 And this is equal to 3 over root 34, 3 over root 34, 4 over root 34 Again, again we are given c is the point with coordinates minus 4, 3 minus 6 And d is the point with coordinates 2, 9, 2 Therefore cd is equal to under root of 2 plus 4 whole square plus 9 minus 3 whole square Plus 2 plus 6 whole square which is equal to under root of 6 square which is 36 plus 6 square which is again 36 plus 8 square which is 64 And this is again equal to under root of 136 and this is equal to 2 root 34 Hence the direction cosines of the line joining c and d are 2 plus 4 over 2 root 34, 9 minus 3 over 2 root 34 2 plus 6 over 2 root 34 or 6 over 2 root 34 that is 3 over root 34 6 over 2 root 34 that is 3 over root 34, 8 over 2 root 34 that is 4 over root 34 Let theta is the acute angle between the lines ab and cd Therefore according to our key idea cos theta is equal to mod of 3 over root 34 into 3 over root 34 Which is 9 over 34 plus 3 over root 34 into 3 over root 34 which is again 9 over 34 Plus 4 over root 34 into 4 over root 34 which is 16 over 34 And this is equal to mod of 34 over 34 and this is again equal to 1 So cos theta is equal to 1 implies theta is equal to 0 degree because cos 0 is equal to 1 Hence the answer for the above question is 0 degree This means 2 lines ab and cd are parallel to each other So this completes our session, I hope the solution is clear to you Bye and have a nice day


Hi friends, I am Purva and today we will work out the following question.  Now the shortest distance between two given lines vector r is equal to vector a1 plus lambda into vector b1 and vector r is equal to vector a2 plus mu into vector b2 is given by d is equal to mod of cross product of vector b1 and vector b2 dot vector a2 minus vector a1 upon mod of cross product of vector b1 and vector b2. So this is the key idea behind our question. Let us begin with the solution now.  Now comparing these two equations with these two equations in the key idea we can clearly see that here vector a1 is equal to i cap plus 2 j cap plus 3 k cap vector b1 is equal to i cap minus 3 j cap plus 2 k cap vector a2 is equal to 4 i cap plus 5 j cap plus 6 k cap and vector v2 is equal to 2 i cap plus 3 j cap plus k cap Now by key idea we know that the shortest distance between two lines is given by d is equal to mod of cross product of vector b1 and vector b2 dot vector a2 minus vector a1 upon mod of cross product of vector b1 and vector b2 we mark this as 1 Now vector a2 minus vector a1 is equal to vector a2 is equal to 4 i cap plus 5 j cap plus 6 k cap minus vector a1 is equal to i cap plus 2 j cap plus 3 k cap and this is equal to 4 i cap minus i cap is equal to 3 i cap 5 j cap minus 2 j cap is equal to 3 j cap and 6 k cap minus 3 k cap is equal to 3 k cap Now cross product of vector b1 and vector b2 is equal to determinant of i cap j cap k cap 1 minus 3 2 and 2 3 1 This is equal to i cap into minus 3 into 1 is minus 3 minus 3 into 2 is 6 minus j cap into 1 into 1 is 1 minus 2 into 2 is 4 plus k cap into 1 into 3 is 3 minus into minus becomes plus 2 into 3 is 6 and this is equal to minus 9 i cap plus 3 j cap plus 9 k cap Now mod of vector b1 cross vector b2 is equal to under root of minus 9 whole square plus 3 square plus 9 square under root of 81 plus 9 plus 81 and this is equal to 3 under root 19. We mark this as 2 Now cross product of vector b1 and vector b2 dot vector a2 minus vector a1 is equal to cross product of vector b1 and vector b2 is equal to minus 9 i cap plus 3 j cap plus 9 k cap dot vector a2 minus vector a1 is equal to 3 i cap plus 3 j cap plus 3 k cap This is equal to minus 9 into 3 is minus 27 3 into 3 is 9 plus 9 into 3 is 27 and this is equal to 9 We mark this as 3 Now putting the value of 2 and 3 in 1 we get d is equal to mod of 9 upon 3 under root 19 and this is equal to 9 upon 3 under root 19 which is further equal to 3 upon under root 19. So we have got our answer as 3 upon under root 19. Hope you have understood the solution Bye and take care.


So, like Don said, my name is Maurizio Verbieri, I'm the head of sport for Samsung, and you might ask, what do you guys do in sport? Not so much, for the time being, but we have awesome ideas. Just to be clear and assess what kind of very tough crowd I have, who has read Ready Player One. What? Three people?  Who has watched The Matrix? Still, not all the heads come out. All right, no problem. So, we are quick. If you have to ask us a diara and sport, what does come in mind? I'm pretty shy, I haven't starched, but I don't bite, unless I'm asked, so what's the deal? Virtual reality football stadiums. Imagine watching the English River League match in the virtual reality environment, virtual reality stadiums. It's boring in real life, I should have watched it in VR, but I do get... So is that the treat ticket to London or to Manchester? Unless the rights are with the organizers that will make you pay 150 bucks to watch. Fair enough. You can use it for training. All right, that's it, training. That's what came to mind first. All right, anyone else wants to add? I want to play football with your favorite federal stars, next to you, or with you as a team. That's good. That's actually good. Okay, so it's all fair. I think that all this is going to happen one way or another, sooner or later. I think that sport and VR are the perfect combination, because it's something that is live. It's something that we want to be in their shoes. Who doesn't want to be the greatest cricketer? Unless you're not Indian. Or who doesn't want to be Messi? Or Cristiano Ronaldo? On the pitch, at least, not when it goes up. But this is something that is going to happen. This is something that brings you into the action, and you can actually beat the action. Imagine a situation in which you are sparing a thousand bucks to go at Emirates Stadium and watching Arsenal getting defeated. But that happens quite often, don't laugh. Instead of going there, you're actually watching it with your friends at home. And if they are unruly, because you don't like them anymore, because they are supporting the other team, you kick them out. They cannot even trash their plates, right? Because it's a plate. Think about education. Actually, NFL teams, NBA teams, NHL teams, they are already using this technology to prepare all the personnel to the different situations on the field, or on their rink, or on the court. That's how you want to be. That's the best way to say, this is where I need to be if I have to release the shot and score. And you can actually have the immediate feedback, right? Because if you move properly, the ball is going to go in. So this is something that is going to affect the full production chain of the sport industry. The sport industry is around $100 billion per year. So it's substantial kind of money that goes around. So it's something for the clubs to protect their assets, to improve player performances, to make sure that they don't get injured, but also for brands to be part of something that might be left out. So say that you are not the official beer brand for the Champions League. What prevents you to create your own virtual stadium and advertise against content that would be more expensive? Or you don't have the rights for that, right? At the same time, you can invite other people to watch that. And also for the users. So how do I experience a game? Do I watch it from the pitch? I watch it as a 2D, but with friends in this virtual environment. It depends. It depends on how you set it up. It depends on what kind of experience you want to have. There are companies, some of them, their representatives are here. So please go and talk to them. I'm going to point them out. One, two, three, and four. They are actually recreating the event by using the data that is being captured during the game. So the players are moving, are running, are jumping, are going left and right. They are shooting. All that data is already available, right? So what you do when you watch game on TV, you actually watch the telecast. That's the video feed. But what prevents to recreate that event in another way by using other data points? And who owns that? How can you use that? How can you distribute that? How can you monetize that? This is a fascinating part of the industry. If I can give a suggestion, if you have bright ideas and you want to put them into VR, you can see what can be done in sport because it's the fastest growing industry when it comes to this kind of things. Even though it's kind of risk averse, at least you are going to have fun watching lots of sport. Who doesn't like sport? That guy. So it's going to be very, very interesting. It's going to be, knowing what we are going to do five years from now, how we are going to experience a football game or a rugby match or a cricket or the eye, it's going to be totally different because we are going to be there. You can be watching something from the perspective of the stumps or you can be the ball or you can be the car. You can be the player, yes. Or you can watch the game while the players are around you. This is a choice. So my colleagues are like, yeah, but going to the stadium is great. You have a different experience. You know, it's outdoors, whatever. It's going to be a choice. My opinion is that it's going to end up where I have the tickets, where I have the chance to go there, where we still go there. But if I don't, and I want to invite all these probably 110 people in one single place without having to leave our real homes and show up all together and somewhere else and share whatever needs to be shared. In this case, the passion of sport, this is going to be extremely powerful and valuable. I'm sorry if I go back to the money part, but it's the nature of the business. We are all building something not only to be accepted, but also because we want to pay the bills. So that's pretty much my view on how sport and VR can go together, how sport will be actually affected by this kind of technology. And if you have questions, if you have comments, if you have anything that you want to ask, ask away. Let's take some questions from the audience. I was going to ask that the cost of linear rights are increasing year over year in multiple countries. Do you think that VR will potentially bring that down or would it actually increase? How do you see the role of VR and the economics of sport choice? This is a very good question because I don't think that many people have asked themselves how they can manage this thing because the technology is so new. True, the cost of the broadcast rights, the regular broadcast rights are going out, especially for top properties, everything that is not top is actually going down, doesn't get sold. VR could be many things depending on how you saturate or how you corral this movement. It can be an additional set of rights. So the rights owners will sell the broadcast rights to the broadcasters and the VR rights to whomever might be interested in monetizing this bar. They might even decide to go direct to consumer. They might create their own apps or their own offer and say, if you want to watch this on Fox, go to Fox. If you want to watch this with Google's on your face, go to goblets on your face, that's where you have to go and you pay directly, it's paid directly to me. But most importantly, it's trying to find the right time to frame all these rights. If somebody comes up and manages to get something out of the gate before the regulators are able to put the brakes on that, that's going to be quite interesting. It could be actually a battle, like broadcast rights are X, but it can make this lifelike and it costs a 10 or 100. Any other questions? Given that in this economy, a lot of rapid monetization models have the right to add to the distance, how do you think, what do you think, what road do you think advertisements will claim in virtual reality monetization? The question if you can't hear the back is, what role will the role be of advertisements in VR? It's going to be huge because you need to log in. The most common way to access some content is to give up some of your information.  So they know exactly what you have done, what you are doing and probably what you are going to do. So all of us, we are watching the same stuff on StarHub and we are getting only one brand at a time. It's always the same sponsor, it's always the same signage around the pitch. But if you are watching the same content that he is watching, you might get two different brands. Based on your history, based on what you have chosen to do the day before or two hours before, they know that you bought something, maybe you will get something else. Entirely, it's going to be huge. This is one of the biggest components, one of the biggest revenues thing that you are opening because it's a one-to-one direct communication with a consumer. That doesn't prevent a big brand, of course, to buy everything. That's a given. But they have to pay premium. We have time for one more question. But there isn't. I mean, of course, the Samsung isn't the core product they are in many ways. Can you share anything that Samsung is doing around store and money? Right. So, well, we have our own store, right, for our own devices. At the moment, it's mostly highly adrenalinic kind of videos, surfing, snowboarding, jumping off cliff, rollercoating, that kind of stuff. And it's working very well. Our 4D experience, we are going to set up in Rio for the Olympics. We are going to set up some areas where you will be able to experience this kind of content in 4D, so yearboards, site, chairs, moving and so on and so forth. I think that in the future, there will be two components. I'm speculating, of course, because I can speak for what I'm doing. But the big picture, I think that two components. One is the B2B site, meaning our technology provided to somebody that will be on top of that. And for the consumer side, they're trying to find partners that will use our technology to tell sport-based stories in a different way. So, again, you can be the player. You can be Djokovic before he gets onto the court, before the final in Melbourne. Come again, sorry? You can play against this Djokovic. You can, yes. Is your skill against him? You're going to lose. That was bad. Because it's Djokovic. You're very bad. That's PlayStation. Anyways, that's good. Thank you very much.