Our next talk is on the plain simple reality of entropy and we all know that you need randomness and entropy if you want to do something like encryption or generate keys. And if you don't want to do it the XKCD way, using only four as the random number, you need a cryptographically secure random number generator. And what this is, how it works and where you can find one, will be the topic of this talk. So I present to you a Philippo Valsorda on how I learned to stop burying and love your random. Hello. Okay. I'm very glad so many people showed up, even if I essentially gave away the entire content of the talk in the description. Wanted me to stop to leave something. Okay. No. Anyway. I'm Philippo Valsorda. I work for Cloudflare. I do cryptography and systems engineering. I recently implemented the DNS second implementation of the Cloudflare DNS server. And maybe in April 2014 you used my Herbley test. Anyway. Well, thank you. Okay. Anyway, I'm here to tell you about random bytes. So here are some random bytes. They're pretty good. You can use them. But if you need more, Amazon sells this excellent book full of a million random numbers. Anyway, more seriously, random numbers are central to a lot of the security protocols and systems of our modern technology. The most obvious is encryption keys. You obviously want your encryption key to be random, to be really hard to predict, and you want your encryption key to be different from the person next to you, unless you're doing key scroll, which, well, we don't want. So and also a lot of other different systems use randomness to prevent all kinds of attack. One amongst many, DNS, using random key readies to prevent coming scare attacks. So what makes a stream a source of random bytes good? So what are we looking for when we look for good random bytes? First of all, we look for uniform random bytes. Every time we draw a random byte from our random byte source, we want to have the same probability to get all values from zero to 255. For example, you don't want your distribution to look like this, this is RC4. But that's not enough. You also want your random bytes to be completely unpredictable. And here is where the task actually becomes difficult. Because if you think about it, we are programming computers. Computers are very deterministic machines, even if they don't feel like they are. And they're essentially machines built to sequentially execute always the same set of instructions, which we call code. And when we ask them at some point to do something that is completely different every time they do it, and two equal computers should do it differently, we get in trouble. So where can a computer source its randomness? When where can a computer find unpredictability if it can't have its own? Obviously in our messy meat world, in our physical world, where everything is not always happening the same way. So user inputs, every time you type on the keyboard, you do that with different timings. When you move your mouse around, you do that differently every time. You're simply reading from this. Every time your computer reads something from this, it takes a slightly different amount of time. Or interrupt times, I.O., you get the idea. So all these events are visible to the kernel. The kernel is the component of your system, which is controlling all these interactions with the outside world and can measure them and observe them with the right precision. And each of these events can have a wide or narrow range of different possible values. For example, when you read from this, it might take from 0.17 nanoseconds to 1.3 nanoseconds. I made numbers up. How wide this range is, is what we call entropy. Essentially it's how many different values, how spread apart the values are, which also means how easy they are to predict. But something that they definitely aren't is uniform. Because as I said, for example, reading from this might take in a specific range definitely not from 0 to 2.5 nanoseconds. And usually they're not enough to satisfy all our random bytes' needs. So now we have some unpredictability. We have some events that we can see from our system. And we want to turn that into a stream of random bytes that we can use to generate SSH keys and DNS key readies, et cetera. It's a CSPRNG. Cryptographers like their acronyms very long. It's a cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generator. It's not that hard to pronounce. Okay, it is. Anyway, it's nothing else than a cryptographic tool that takes some input and generates a limited, reasonably unlimited stream of random uniform bytes, which depend on all and only the inputs you gave to the CSPRNG. So you can see how we can use this. We have this amount of random events. We feed that into the CSPRNG. And we get out random bytes that we can use for everything. So to understand how a CSPRNG works, I decided to simply present you with a very simple one. One based on hash functions. I assume that everyone in the whole knows essentially what hash functions are. But the properties we care about today of hash functions are. The fact that the output is uniform. If you take the output of a hash function, all the bits should be undistinguishable from random if you don't know the input. It's impossible to reverse a hash function. If I give you the output of a hash function, you should know nothing more than before about what the input of the hash function is unless you can specifically figure out the input and try the hash function. And finally, it takes a limited amount of input and makes a fixed amount of output. These are the properties that we're going to use to build a CSPRNG out of hash functions. So this is how it works. We start with a pool. We call pool array of bytes. And we fill it with zeros to start. And every time a new event comes in, for example, you move the mouse around, we take that event, we serialize it to some binary format, doesn't really matter. For example, mouse is at position 15 to 135. And we hash together, we hash the concatenation of our pool, which for now is just zeros, and the serialization of this event. We hash them together. We get an output, and that's our new value of the pool. And we repeat. Now instead of zeros, we have the output from before. Now we have this output, and a new event happens, a disk read happens, and it takes exactly 1.27589 nanoseconds. And we hash together the old contents of the pool. This information, disk read happened, and it took this amount of time. We hash them together, and we get a new value of the pool. You see where this is going? We keep doing this. Every time a new event comes in, every time the mouse moves, every time a CPU interrupt is raised, every time disk read happens, we call this steering function to mix this event into this pool. And what do we end up with? We end up with what we call an entropy pool. Now to figure out this value, you need exactly all the events that lead to this value. If you are an attacker and you really want to figure out what my entropy pool is, you don't, you're not supposed to have any better way to figure it out than to guess all the different hard disk timings and mouse movements that happened all the way up to now. So now we have this essentially unpredictable value, but now we want to generate keys out of it, and we can't just use these few bytes here. So we can use again hash functions, same hash function. We take the entropy pool and we hash it with a counter. You want 5,000 random bits, sure. You hash entropy pool and zero, entropy pool and one, and two, three, four, five, six, seven, and nine. You get all these outputs, you concatenate them, and now you have 5,000 bits which are as unpredictable as all the events that were steered into the pool. Let's think about it for a second. We said that hash functions are not invertible. So even if you know one of the outputs, you can't get back to the entropy pool. We said that hash functions have, with hash functions, all the bits in the input affect all the bits of the output. So even if just the counter changes between one run and the other, the output is completely unrelated. So did we get what we want? It's uniform because we said before, hash functions' outputs are uniform. It's unpredictable because the only way an attacker has to figure out what the output will be is imagine or brute force or observe, I guess, all the hard disk timings and user inputs, which is impossible for a third party. And it's unlimited because we can keep incrementing that counter forever. Now really, please don't go implement this scheme and say, Philippo told me it was okay. No, also because it's exactly not what this talk is about. So if CSPRNGs, if we have this tool to turn some unpredictable events into a limited stream of random bytes, which is what we need, and we have all these unpredictable events observed by the kernel, doesn't it make sense to just put a CSPRNG in the kernel and just have the kernel run the CSPRNG when we need random bytes? It's such a good idea that it's exactly what Linux did and all the other operating systems. In Linux, it's called devurandom and it looks like a file. You read it like a file. And it's technically a character device. And every time you read 100 bytes from it, it runs a CSPRNG on an entropy pool, not different from the one I presented. And this entropy pool is steered with all the events that the kernel so happened from its privileged position. Other operating systems have something similar. Ozec and VSD have dev random, which is exactly what devurandom is on Linux. And on Windows, you can get something similar with the cryptgen random call. One last thing, putting the CSPRNG in the kernel is not only about convenience. It's also about security. Because first of all, the kernel is the entity that can observe the unpredictable events. If you take a CSPRNG, which is just code, so you can implement your own, and you implement it in your library or in your application, now you have the problem of how do you take the random, the unpredictable events from the kernel and take them to the application? This is something that you can forget to do often or do wrong. And moreover, the kernel can protect the memory space of the entropy pool much better than applications. For example, applications can fork. There's a whole lot of different things that applications can get wrong. And finally, you have one single centralized implementation that is reasonably easy to own it. I don't know. Was anyone managing Debian servers in 2008? Just asking. Unrelated. Right. So, yeah, devurandom, better. So we have a solution, right? We have a tool to turn unpredictable events into an unlimited uniform stream of random bytes. We have a source of unpredictable events. Sold. What are everybody talking about? Why is there even need for a talk? Well, sadly, there are some common misconceptions in the field, which is also why I'm here to give this talk. One of the most common is fueled by the very Linux mempages. The recent versions are better, but they still give you this impression that if you want real security, you should be using dev random. Because devurandom is okay, but kind of, and, well, we want real security, right? So, but you might ask yourself, okay, if devurandom is a CSPRNG. And a CSPRNG is all I need. What else can I get? What does dev random have more? Well, the idea of this talk is giving you the knowledge to figure out by yourself whether you need dev random or not. So first I explained how a CSPRNG works. Now I'm going to go a bit into the details of how devurandom and dev random work. This is taken directly from the kernel source. Both devurandom and dev random are, yeah, sorry, essentially everything I'm going to say now applies to both devurandom and dev random. They both are based on a pool of 4,000 bits. Not dissimilar from the one of the CSPRNG we played with before, which is implemented as a series of 32-bit words, I think. The pool is mixed with all the unpredictable events using a CRC-like function. This is not a cryptographically secure hash function, but this is just about how the unpredictable events, the interrupts, the disk timings are steered into the internal pool. Every time one of these events happen, this very fast function kicks in and steers the pool with the unpredictable event. Then extraction, so actual random bytes generation happens with sha1. So you want some random bytes from the kernel. What the kernel does is just run sha1 on the pool, give you the output, and also take the output and feed it back into the pool using that mixing function. This is a bit different, you might have noticed, from our design, which used a counter, because keeping counters turns out it's still hard. And you can, you know, they can reset, you can lose count, that's bad. Also this has more security properties against compromise. So what it does is simply that when it generates output, it also steers it back, and if you need more output, sha1 again on the new pool, gives output and steers it back into the pool so that the pool keeps changing. Now both devurandom and devrandom do the exact same thing. Same code, same sizes, same entropy sources, literally in the source, random read is a call to extract entropy user, urandom read is a call to extract entropy user. The only difference is, I finally get to what's special about devrandom, is that it tries to do a couple really hard and weird things. First it tries to guess how many bits of entropy were mixed into the pool after each unpredictable event. This is already very hard, because think about it, a disk read took 1.735 no seconds, great. We don't know how many different values this might take. We don't know if this is a spinning rust disk, which has timings all over the place, or if it's a SSD which almost always takes the same time. So we don't know how much predictable this is. So this is already hard, figuring out how unpredictable the pool is. So it keeps a counter arbitrary number of how many bits of entropy, how much unpredictability there is in this pool. And then when you run the hash function on the pool, it decreases this count. It reduces this number. And if this number gets too low, it blocks you. So you're reading from the random, this number of twinals, and now you're still reading from the random, but you're blocked, until more unpredictable events happen. This is useless in the modern world, because entropy does not decrease, entropy does not run out, and everything freezes. Once the pool becomes unpredictable, because too many different events contributed to how the entropy pool looks like, it's forever unpredictable, because the attacker doesn't learn anything from the output, obviously, unless the CSPRNG is broken and is leaking information about the entropy pool. However, saying that CSPRNGs are broken is equivalent to saying that a lot of cryptography constructs are broken. It's saying that stream ciphers are broken. It's saying that CTR mode is broken. It's saying that TLS and PGP are broken, because they're both about reusing the same key for multiple packets or messages. So if cryptographers didn't know how to build a secure CSPRNG, it would mean that cryptographers weren't able to build most of the things we're relying on today. It would mean that cryptography was doomed. Now, I'm not DJB. I can't tell you if cryptography is doomed. But I can tell you that if cryptography is doomed, your problem is not your CSPRNG. So cryptography relies on being able to build secure CSPRNGs. And on the other hand, that makes that random blocking useless, obviously. It can be unacceptable, too, because you get a TLS request and you're like, I have that HTTP page, but wait a second. I need someone to start typing on the keyboard of their hack to serve it to you. And it can even be dangerous, because you're essentially giving away information about what other users in the system are doing to, you know, other users. On the other hand, DevUrandom is safe for any cryptography use you want to use it for. You want to generate long-term keys. My GPG keys are generated from DevUrandom. And I'm not the only one saying this. Bring SSL, Python, go Ruby, use DevUrandom as the only source, the only CSPRNG, send storm even replaces DevRandom with it. And here is a long list of people saying exactly what I'm here on stage to tell you. So you don't, I hope that at the end of this, you see that you don't actually need DevRandom. As well as you don't need to keep measuring how much entropy you have in the pool. You don't need to refill the pool with things like Havagda, or I don't know how to pronounce it. Actually, I've even seen people take output from DevUrandom and pipe it back as root into DevRandom so that, you know, the entropy does not run out, which is exactly what the kernel is doing. Which is obviously, you know, pretty upvoted answer on Stack Overflow. Anyway. And finally, random numbers quality does not decrease. There are not like premium level random numbers, and then they kind of rot after you use them for a while, and no, that's not a thing. Okay. So there is only one small case in which DevUrandom does not do exactly what we would expect it to do. Which is early at boot. If you think about it, everything we said is about using unpredictable events to build up unpredictability. As soon as you boot the machine, you don't have observed enough events yet. So this got embedded devices. This got the Raspberry Pi recently. Essentially, it's a Linux shortcoming, which by now is too late to fix. Which is the fact that DevUrandom will not block even at boot before being initialized. The solution, in most cases, is just that the distribution should save the state of the pool at the power off and reload it at power on, or block until the pool is initialized. So your distribution probably solves this for you, anyway. So to sum up, CSP and Gs are pretty cool, and they work. You don't need DevRandom. You shouldn't use user space CSP and Gs because they're very easy to get wrong. And if you need 100 random bytes, read 100 bytes from DevUrandom. That's it. I glossed over a lot of different ways to do it wrong. So if you have questions about why not this other thing, please come forward. Okay. And because the people on the stream can't be here in person, we will start with questions from the internet. The first question is, how do you explain regarding what you explained about DevRandom versus DevUrandom, the fact that on a 433 kernel, DevRandomOutput is identical with something from DevInput something. Someone claimed that. And so you have to repeat on a what? On a kernel 433, someone claims that sometimes the output from DevRandom or DevUrandom is identical to something that comes from DevInput, like an input device. I'm not sure I got what system, but oh my God, what system? Linux, Linux 433, the guy claims. That sounds like a pretty bad bug, but I don't know. If that's the case, I'm not aware of it because I read the kernel source and it's really a call to extract entropy user. File a bug report, maybe? No. I mean, I'm joking. I want to talk about this offline. Is there another question from the stream? Yes, I have two more questions. One is, what do you think about hardware entropy generators or hardware random generators? Aha! I have a slide for this. So hardware random number generators, very quickly. Some CPUs and some platforms have real random number generators with essentially, I'm told, they just read electrical noise to give you actual randomness. Linux has support for them and if they're loaded, they will immediately be used to refill this pool and they will also be used as the initialization vectors for the SHA-1 of this extraction. So if they're turned on, you don't have to worry about them and they will make DevUrandom work even better. Yeah. Okay, quick question from the stream. Yeah, no one, what's your opinion about these entropy gathering daemons, like, how much daemon? There was probably a time when they had their reason to exist, maybe because the Linux implementation of this entropy gathering was not that good. Today, they don't really have reason to exist. Okay, thank you. And microphone for please. Hello, I wanted to ask about the early boot problem. You say that we should mix, that we should save the state of DevUrandom. What happens if a machine crashes? Wouldn't you restart from an earlier state of DevUrandom? Yeah, I think that the correct way to do this is as soon as the input, even before the input is used to initialize the pull, the one from the last shutdown, it should be deleted from the disk and the disk flashed. Yes, kind of hard. Yes. Okay, unfortunately we are running out of time because we have to clear this room and you have a short announcement. Oh yeah, tomorrow at 15.30, I am giving a quick workshop about how to implement a voodoo night paddling oracle attack in hall 14. I think it doesn't take as many people as they are in here now. So maybe I shouldn't have said that. Okay, then thanks again, Philip, for your talk.


Get this and get it straight crime is a suckers road knows who traveled wind up in the gutter the prison of the grave This time I started with a Romanian from left field got misled in the Philippine jungles chased a beautiful blonde clear to Venice and Wound up with a friend from Siam all without ever leaving Los Angeles. It happened like this From the pen of Raymond Chandler outstanding author of crime fiction comes his most famous character in the adventures of Philip Marlowe Oh with Gerald Moore starred as Philip Marlowe. We bring you tonight's exciting story the sword of say boo Where is the office of Philip Marlowe the detective maybe yeah, sure right around the corner here to your left. Oh, thank you very much My friend you you know this mr. Marlowe. Well. Yes. Yeah, I think you could say I know him Tell me he is a reliable man. Well, that depends on what you want to rely on him for excuse me Well, yeah, I want to unlock the door You are Philip Marlowe. Hey, you're so right come on in mr. Never mind now listen to me I will pay you twice what Henry Pound has offered to you. Also. I will add to that $1,000 for a bonus wait a minute wait a minute. What is this Henry Pound a thousand please? Please I have not the time for haggling we make it $2,000 But you must work for me not for Henry Pound you only pretend to work for him Now look button the first place I haven't heard from Henry Pound since I worked for him four years ago Second place. I still don't know who you are or what you want. Maybe a better sit down over there start at the beginning and tell me The short dumpy man with wild black hair turns suddenly savage swung a hard fistful of knuckles at my front teeth and piled me back up against my office desk By the time I got out into the hall. He was gone I was gonna follow him with my phone screaming for attention inside stop me Decided to be philosophical about it after all screwballs find me all the time. Hello Marlowe speaking Phil Yes, yes, I just had a reminder. I've been trying to get hold of you for two hours my boy Where have you been out to dinner now? Listen, mr. Pound? I just What I need your help again Yeah, no doubt includes a stubby crumb with a head full of wild black hair and a nasty temper that left you on the run 10 seconds ago Whatever you call them. It's probably it He's the one man. I have reason to fear Marlowe come out here to my place at once Well, you my boy old Henry pounds future is dangling over a very deep abyss by the nearest thread all because the sword is gone What sword what sort of you're talking about mr. Pound on the island of sebu in the Philippines a sword of sebu What it means everything to me and it's gone finished. I must have it back hurry Marlowe 20 minutes later I pulled up in front of the wall in jungle Henry Pound called home and zigzagged in through an Okinawan ad evil spirit gate Waited past the grove of dripping elephant ears and ragged banana trees and finally made the front door The house itself from turned up eaves to thatch neeper lanai must have been gathered piecemeal on pacific islands All the way from Hokkaido to the new Hebrides was Henry Pound himself once the door You know the only thing wrong with you is I never get to see you except what I'm in trouble. That's the business. I'm in Come in come in Hey, it's quite a place. You have here, mr. Pound the islands my boy. Yes Since business keeps me away from them. I brought their atmosphere here to me even the music All but the mosquitoes Now stay away from underfoot will you? Shushu that's an albino Siamese. Yeah. Yes quite unusual But he sheds that abominable quite fur of his like any common cat this time of year By the way, did you see my servant Hideki was I supposed to when I couldn't reach you by phone? I sent him down to your office to wait.   Would you please and listen closely? My my major business as you remember is Importing pearls from the orient and since you work for me last I acquired a partner a fine fellow named boss in Manila with his contacts there and mine here in the States We've been extremely successful was he the one who sent you that sword you mentioned yes He'd arrived two days ago, but he said over half the curios you see in this room That's why I failed to realize that there was anything Special about the sword of Cebu. What is so special about it, mr. Pound here read this letter. I got for me Henry I'm certain now. There's gonna be trouble from one Kurt the best school in particular Yeah, I see However, I've taken every precaution rest assured Henry that if anything ever happens to me I shall somehow get the complete list of my contacts here into your hands Sincerely Eugene boss well Eugene boss was murdered four days ago in Manila murdered for that list of Contacts you think the sword ties in in some way well positive of it What's it look like? Well, it's a three feet long Marlowe the handle and the sheaths are from the same gorgeous piece of white mahogany and Literally covered with intricate and exquisite carving sounds wonderful Oh, it is when the sword is in the sheath the two pieces form a complete pattern I thought of it at once of course, but when I came in to examine it again. It was gone stolen Naturally, I called you instead of the police. I've got to get it back Marlowe intact and without publicity Wait, that's sorties with Hey, he's hurt Miss a palm I think he very sorry. He did not see honorable miss a maro. I think he was Outside the minute he left by a stocky guy with wild black hair. Oh, yes. Yes He find out where I think he was going then he hit I think that all I think he remember until few minutes ago When he worked up again, we're here. Do you need a doctor? I think oh, no. No, thank you Just the same miss a palm I think he already feel much better.  So so thank you. We wash your head first time to be ship-shaped no time Be very sorry. I think it was Now that explains how Babisco got to your office my boy. He's our man. All right Yeah, but I don't think Babisco has the sword you see he's looking for it He offered two thousand bucks to me to double-cross you. Oh I can't understand it Babisco is the only one who might know the truth about the sword if he didn't take it then who oh Stupid cat get out there I knew it now see what you've done broken my silent. He was playing with a piece of paper over there. Wait a minute. Oh Here it is. It's a rent receipt made out of somebody somebody named Saunders Let me see sure Received $40 rent one month in advance for 812 front Street, Venice is dated yesterday Marlowe I've never heard of this Saunders person yet. This thing was dropped here in my house Perhaps by our thief Marlowe. Do you realize what a break this is dropped isn't the word. This was deposited Oh, what do you mean? It's a plant it's a plant complete with name address and date It was left here by someone who wanted it to be found because whoever has the sword of Cebu right now Might also have it up for sale. I think you're right my boy What do you plan to do the only thing I can do go to Venice and strike a bargain in our favor? I hope I'll call you mr. Pound I Pushed my way out through the jungle of my car turned around at the dead end of the street and went down the way I'd come At the first intersection leaning against the lamppost was six feet of lantern jord redhead and a turtleneck sweater and semen's jacket Gave me a hard steady once over until I was out of sight Later halfway to Venice I picked up a pair of very sticky headlights in my rear view mirror Lost them again.  Who are you Philip Marlowe Henry Ponds private detective? Where's the sword we things to talk over your bargaining position is lousy Miss Saunders? What's the offer zero baby? I'm getting it back for free now. Where is it your hands off me? The sword is here in the house But the scabbard isn't and one's quite worthless without the other you know You're not taking a lot of chances. Are you kidding the sword has already brought me $5,000 Marlowe and I've only just begun So make an offer and make it good.  So it's not worth one tenth that not of itself No, but this one's special and I know why and I'll tell you something else.  Now what now we sit down a couple of smart guys and find a good sensible way to work this out Only I'm just a little smarter because I got the only gun keep talking what you say the sword was Speak up fellow times running out sounds like times not the only thing that's running out red Somebody's in a back room Sorry to see but now this only works one Oh Couldn't tell how long I've been out I felt like I'd lost at least a weekend in somebody's boiler factory. I Got back far enough to realize that something was Going through my pockets It was snaggle tooth had a week's growth of beard and Put the room in need of a healthy spring of sweet air Yeah, that's that's a little better. I thought you was done in there for a minute. Yeah, who are you? What happened anyway, yeah, that's what I'd like to know Call me sit. Okay. It's it. Yeah. Thank you I was walking along the beach out there like an hour. He's doing all of a sudden there to scream You know like I was a wounded cat Came from in here and I know this house has been empty for years. Was it you was green? Oh, no, I went out too fast. Yeah Well, I come a-running and just when I stepped up in the porch and fell on the p-jacket come charging out and beat it down The street. Yeah, yeah, remember Raiden the noise in the back.  I just looked this far and I found you What what's it all about? What's back in there? They bring that kerosene lantern. Will you yeah Yeah, a wild-haired Romanian named Bebesco With a sword of sebu sticking clear through him Dead center. Oh with our star Gerald Moore We continue with the second act of Philip Marlowe and tonight's story the sword of sebu While the beachcomber gape like a marionette with broken jaw strings of the impaled body of Kurt Bebesco slumped at our feet I Quickly covered the room in the back porch was led to the beach outside looking for the wooden sheath that belonged to the sword of sebu just in case Claire Saunders have been bluffing But five minutes of that got me nothing more than a little exercise and a lot of salt air ought to do now mr. Call the cops. Yeah, I guess so Sure would like to take that sword so would I junior the homicide boys a kind of narrow-minded you see they like their corpses as is Yeah, come on. Let's get the phone. Okay, there's one's a couple blocks away. You got a car. Yeah, it's out front Got a light. Yeah, here's some matches. Thanks Hey, wait a minute, huh? What do you do with the conga club me? Yeah, all their matches ain't mine. Just pick them up off in that barrel Just pick them up You know where it is. Yeah, sure. It's right here in Venice a X-Marine runs it kind of while though cops raided it once they had some dancing Where is it? Where is it come on? It could be important straight down Front Street Broadway then left one block and you're there Now look you call the cops and get back here and wait till they come tell him my name is Philip Marlowe. I'm a private detective Yeah, oh No, sir, not me. I ain't waiting here alone 10 bucks You heard me here. Tell the law I'll get in touch as soon as I can Also, sit. I'll match that 10 the next time we meet if you've kept your mind on your work. Yeah. Yeah, okay Okay, but where like to learn me went to the conga you catch on fast the conga junior Well, it'd be max scotch and a little information Girl named Claire Saunders dressed in a white linen. I never heard of a man. Oh, I see so many people Yeah, sure. Now you get what I mean, don't you make? Oh, of course Well, you better make that a double scotch. I'm through He should have known better Trusting a fast name with every cent of his war bonus. Wait a minute. Huh? War bonus. Yeah. Oh, who should have known better? Well, I Yeah, I'll be with you in a minute Kelly wait a minute Who should have known better my kid brother back in New York? He's a vet marines He got his check from the state and he turned it over to this Claire Saunders They're gonna get married. That's what she said and that was her last he saw of her. Oh Well, it happens every day. He'll know better the next time there's I Just happen to remember You do yeah But around a couple of days now. It's pretty flush. All right. Now. Where's she staying? Yeah, sure Ritzi Motel about four blocks from here the pavilion a villain.  Yeah, you bet. I will Bellhop ice And you made it we're gonna straighten it out right now Quiet down Duchess now sit down over there don't as much as bad a false eyelash Take inventory, baby. I know you're alone because I played peeping Tom before I played bellhop Shame amaze do a much-needed job on bedspreads Now what are you gonna do with it and without the sword you kidding Duchess? You don't think I missed that back room at the cottage. Do you you found the sword there and Kurt Babesco Who's wearing the sword the hard way through his insides? Somebody was killed with a sword. Oh, come on. Come on. It's a little late for that wide-eyed pitch, baby It doesn't your carrot top partner tell you every time he kills. Oh, you got everything wrong. Oh sure sure But just for laughs, let's pass it and you will honor the cops Everything Isn't my partner. He hardly knows me. That's better. I just who's Turner the man with the red hair Believe me. I can explain everything. Okay. Let's try it. Did you steal a sword from my client Henry pound? Yes, or no? Yes, why? Let me start at the beginning a week ago in Manila, please. All right. Let's have it It was late in the afternoon and I was shopping for a handbag just looking in store windows Suddenly I noticed a man hurrying down the opposite side of the street Man who turned out to be Eugene boss Henry pounds partner. Maybe that's right I Could tell he was afraid of something Marlo. He darted into a curio shop nearby a minute later. I saw Turner You know him just slightly we we'd met once Obviously he was following boss But he didn't go into the curio shop instead. He he hid close by And then when boss came out he shot him Marlo just like that It was going before anyone knew what had happened I ran over to boss to see if there was anything I could do to help But there wasn't he was dying it. Oh It's right Please Marlo. I'd like a drink there on the desk when you're through going going what happened next Oh, he told me to take the money in his billfold $5,000 to take it all for delivering a message about the sword. Yes I was to get in touch with Henry pound here in Los Angeles and tell him that the sword which Boss had just purchased in the curio shop was on its way. He should pay special attention to it And then he died Well, you decided that five thousand bucks was an awful lot for playing messenger boy So you said nothing that the police grabbed the first plane for LA got the Pounds place here and swipe the sword, right? If a delivering message was worth $5,000 the sword itself would be worth a lot more But you had no idea why Cold in the pattern of the design and the jewels and the handle probably not the sword itself. Yeah, you figured right little schemer Yeah, here's your drink The rest of the rest of the story I can fit together myself You knew you had something which you didn't know what so you swipe the sword you left an obvious clue to an empty cottage that Rent receipt you counted on it to start the ball rolling and it certainly did What would that be I don't know find out Who is it just a minute you still sure you're not All right answer it I'll wait here in the closet with the door open wide enough for the barrel of a 38 Just in case you've never been to Manila Go on When I slugged over the cottage Wasn't that when I went back just some ball my scared away went back. Yeah. Yeah, I went back after you ran There was some excitement sweets first. I slugged the people because I heard some noise in the back I thought was you me. I never returned to the cottage. I know it was a loss named Babesco. I got him, all right With a very sword he was after the little number right here in my hand He was competition so were you sweet except that I doped your angle a long time ago. What do you mean? Was told you something before he died in Manila. I stopped after I ran doll. I even came back I saw you go for his billfold some mumble something When I ran into you again here in LA, I knew you were swinging in the dark. It was a nice try sweet But you missed now. Give me the sheath. These two belong together Come on hand it over. You don't need to be rough for your dog. No Here Here it is. Well, that's better Like I said, they belong together Together that's funny. They should fit it What are you laughing at the answer sweet to slip a paper with a list of people on it I think it's crumpled in the bottom of the sheath here, and that's why the sword won't go all the way Yeah, here it is a piece of paper a valuable piece of paper sure names and numbers of all the players Dead isn't yeah It's about as dead as a guy named Eugene Vos was last week on a sidewalk in Manila or the party called Vibesco What is it turn is dead, but I don't think his partner is Molly you thought I was his partner. Hmm. Oh, yes. Yes, and I thought wrong Claire Now I got a little more to go on. I'll see you, honey Oh, no way. What am I supposed to do call the police and explain it all away as a practical joke? Molo have a heart where you're going back to my client little dreamer I think he can give me a line on that partner be good I was an hour plus driving slowly back to the transplanted world on Crestline Drive and all the way I kept adding and subtracting all the screwball figures I'd run into Hoping that someplace I'd find a mistake When I was there through the junior jungle and standing at the front door. I knew that my hunch was right Molo you've got the sword sword and sheath alike mr. Pounder in my car. Also. I got news the best goes dead I'm not sorry. So is Turner I don't know any Turner, but why haven't you brought the sword and sheath in with you Because they don't count mr. Pound There wasn't any code in the pattern on either one the answer was a slip of paper jammed down in the sheath Here that we were after Yes, yes, Molo. This is it. Oh, I knew he wouldn't fail me. I knew boss was loyal I knew it better than that mr. Pound you counted on it and don't move a finger happy It's a great night for killing now go on into the study. We're gonna use the phone Molo you're insuring sure sure I am so much so that I let the hairs from an affectionate time He's cat changed my mind about everything keep moving What do you mean? I mean the Turner who shot Eugene Vossum in the low-murdered Babesco out at the beach who I just killed before he could kill me had white hairs from a molting white Siamese cat all over his cute the same kind of white hairs I got on mine when shoo shoo rubbed against me I go on open that door In other words pound Turner was a friend here not foe and from there on in it all figures Well, do you still think I'm insane? You bet I'm right Turner was in this with me a partner. You might say You see I knew that Eugene Voss was worried about competitors like the best go go on Well, I I knew that boss would see I got his clients list the pearl dealers If his life was really in danger and gave you a brilliant idea put his life in danger So you sent Turner to Manila to kill boss once the list was on its way. Oh neat Tell me clean cut. Why didn't you let Turner know about the sword at once? Because he was tricked boss planted a fake list at his hotel Hoping the Turner would find it and go his merry way which Turner did He didn't know it was fake until he arrived here this morning, which of course didn't affect the scheduled murder Nice and thorough aren't you or if you left out some little detail I should know like why you bothered having Turner get mixed up in this at all tonight I would have brought the sword and sheath back for you without him I know you would Marlowe. That's why I heard you but I also knew that there was a good chance that in finding the Sword you would also find that ideal in opium not pearls, you know Fine And Turner was right behind me all the way ready to kill me if I found that out from from say babesco, huh?  Why do you think I kept talking here kept confessing speak up? I did he talk he can't Mr. Pound. What I did he is very unconscious. She's what I hit him with a base of Marlowe you've got him ma behind the curtain There's nothing there honey, I think more than a friendly cat named Shushu it took a long time It always does But finally the police in Los Angeles and the police in Manila knew exactly who had done what to whom and why All of which left Henry Pound the vicious little character who wouldn't even recognize honor among thieves with a short unpleasant future And I thought about him in every rotten thing he'd done as I walked through his imported island jungle to my car Thought about him in Babesco about Turner the house boy about Eugene Varson I didn't think about Claire Saunders until I got to my car was in behind the wheel headlights on The words were written in lipstick the length and breadth of my windshield. I stepped out when nobody was looking But don't fret Because from here on out I'm playing doesn't leave until morning Would you like to help me wait for it at the airport cafe? They have good food in their open all night Claire Airport cafe It's an hours drive Unless I hurry The adventures of Philip Marlowe bringing you Raymond Chandler's most famous character star Gerald Moore are produced and directed by Norman McDonnell and Are written for radio by Robert Mitchell and Gene Levitt Gerald Moore can currently be seen starring in Republics the blonde bandit Featured in our cast were Gene Bates, Junius Matthews, Barney Phillips, Byron Kane, Paul Freese and Anthony Barrett. The special music is composed and conducted by Richard Arant Be sure and be with us again next week when Philip Marlowe says This time an old Spanish woman who cared a red head and a mink who didn't and a green suede button beside a corpse All led me to a wounded man with a gun in his hand cornered on a warehouse roof Stay tuned for pursuit which follows immediately on most of these same CBS stations. This is Roy Rowan speaking This is CBS where Burns and Allen are heard every Wednesday night the Columbia Broadcasting System


Welcome folks, we have the Dow Industries right now up 208, NASDAQ is down 84, S&Ps down 4.5, bottom line volatility continues, nice market out here, gold, gold up $10, 30 cents, traded 18, 52 an ounce, we got silver up 18 cents, $23.98 an ounce, light sweet crude up $2.16, $85, 49 cents, a barrel of notes and bonds, the 10 year down 126, trading $128.04, the 30 off 21 at $155.08 and $Kingdala, $Kingdala's up $35, trade $95.95, pretty cool, $Kingdala gave it up on price folks, so bottom line going back downtown, get the Euro trade in $113, yen $113.92 and the British pound $135 to one US dollar. We get off and we take a look at, let's get a look at the spy, what you're going to have here, which is really unusual, is that you're going to have two months to hammer candles, bottom line, this market wants higher price, you get a nice bounce going, what we had down the intraday is bottom line come back down into about halfway of the loss of yesterday, rejected lower price, what you actually did is that your ABC structure down, you broke the B point when this thing went down at 9.48 am this morning, you did just over one to one ABC structure down and then guess what, the bottom line is that the market just didn't have any more strength to go lower, you're going to go lower, guess what you're going to go higher, so I suspect what we're going to see out here, when the Fed has this meeting, well they started the meeting today, they're going to come out tomorrow at 2 o'clock, statement, 230 news conference, bottom line, we're going to see whatever it is, we're going to continue to get a bounce inside of this market, that being said, what you're also going to see as we do this bounce, what are we going to have, we're going to have light volume, and if we take a look at the gold contract, what you have with gold out here, you're going to see the gold contract had a low of 1834 today, rejected it, you're over the highs again, in fact, oh this would be sweet if we had an ABC up, let me look at this, no it's not going to be an ABC up, we need, now I need 234,000, wait we're going to the next swing, this next swing up here is 1881, right now you're in 1851, and I suspect no matter what the Fed says tomorrow, that is going to be a little acceleration inside, not only the markets, all the markets, resources, metals, S&P, you name it, guess what, we're going top side again, don't get too confident though that we're staying top side inside the broad market, stay right there folks, come right back.


What's up everybody, Jason here for JaspysCaseBrace.com, 2022 Panini Prism World Cup Soccer Choice Edition is here guys. I'm very excited for this product, I love choice. This is a 2 box ready, Cricut G No. 1, and again each box contains two numbered parallels, one base prism silver, two other choice exclusive parallels, one silver insert and one insert. So I believe you can get mangas, national landmarks, all that stuff in here. Now autographs aren't guaranteed in every box, but we did do a case worth on the personal side. It seems like it could be 12 to 13, a little over 10, so more than half of the case should have some autos, which is great. Now again the same combo list as the Prism World Cup Soccer Hobby Boxes, so whoever has a combo list, you're going to get those teams there. And yeah, it is a fresh case for you guys here, so let's rock and roll. So for the first ones, we'll choose two boxes from the case. The other ones, we'll just grab randomly, but I think I'm going to keep the case intact for now, just so we might run some back. So let's open it up, I'm actually just going to kind of cut off the flaps really quick, we'll just keep the boxes in there, that way just grab from the case inside, we're going to just do it this way. And there is 20 boxes, 10 on the left, 10 on the right. So we'll choose two boxes worth here, we'll just generate two numbers for these two, like I said, the other ones we'll just grab randomly. So let's see here, one through 20, we'll choose two numbers, first one, so it'll be one through 10 on the left, 11 through 20 on the right. And it's eight, so go one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. So that one out, and then let's generate one more number here, nine. So basically, second box there, all right, perfect. And the rest, like I said, we'll just grab randomly from the case, guys. The next one's already down to like five or four left, so if you guys want to run back the next one, we can, awesome, awesome, guys, here we go. Love me some choice, that's just the base. So Scorch's Club base there, we got Diogo Costa, and look at that. National landmark, Heechang Wang, it's right off in the first box. Korea Republic, Matthew Wood, New Era, so these are a couple of the choice parallels, Vincent for Cameroon, and is that an elephant? I think that might be an elephant, right? Joe Roldon for Wales, $10 team, elephant, we'll take that, right? And we got a grant for Switzerland to 135, blue, and Takumi for Japan to 135. We'll sleeve these ones up here for you guys as well. All right, so an elephant, a couple numbered cards, and then a national landmark to start us off. So like I said, autographs are not guaranteed in every box, but it seems that we should have one every other potentially. So hopefully that is the case here. But like I said, there are 20 boxes, Teddy City seemed about 12 or 13, so a little bit more than half. All right, next one. This one might not have any of those crazy inserts, but we'll figure, we'll see right now, Belgium, Timothy, and Morocco, team logo there. So I figured though, guys, like I said, there are 20 boxes. Some of these boxes might be pretty, but that's just the way choices in general for every product. No Lang, Red, Danny Olmo. Then we got Anderson for Denmark, and that's Ed, and Celso for Costa Rica. So, like I said, this box, not as crazy good as the first one, but like I said, some boxes will end up being like that. So like I said, a lot of these teams are on the cheaper side, as little as $10 to 20. So like I said, eat up some of those teams there. And some of the more expensive teams, I know are gonna be a little more riskier, but if you do get the right hits for those guys, like Brazil, you get like an elephant or a tiger stripe, autograph. Obviously, a lot better, a lot bigger hits, more value. But nice colors there though, and like I said, we did get an elephant so far, and then a national landmark. So, I appreciate it folks, like I said. Next one's in the store, if you guys wanna run it back, JaspysCaseBricks.com.


Welcome back to Geeks are sexy. I'm Jason Leduc from evil genius leadership consultants We brought all of our lovely guests back for our panel discussion this afternoon I think this is the first time we've had all lovely ladies as our guests at least in a long time So welcome back. Thank you for being here again today For our folks watching on Facebook live. Hopefully you've seen the other segments if you've got questions for our panel Please type them into the box. We'd love to hear what questions you have. We love your comments Please keep participating. Please keep jumping in and thank you so much for watching on Facebook live and the live feed on Wcobm.com and YouTube so Welcome back All of you work in areas where culture and attitude or essential success and Bianca I've seen an oral health myth and I've seen on your interview today and all the times we've talked you have such a great energy How do you use that energy? How do you bring that energy because because that's that's hard to sustain, right? How do you bring that energy into creating the culture in your office and you said you're bringing a doctor on and So Shamar will be the one that she'll tell you how important on-boarding is We're gonna we're gonna link you two up after the show to make sure you have a little talk But but how are you gonna? How are you gonna use that energy? How are you gonna get all your doctors and assistants to bring that same energy and same dedication to your patients? So one of the biggest things my leadership style is I lead by example And so I would never ask any of my team members or my doctors to do something that I've never done before and I think one of my I'm sure my team members their favorite story of me is see me mop Just because you know if they're busy working their butts off taking care of patients And I see there's this myth and you know a mess on the floor I'm gonna go ahead and clean up and it sets the example that no task or anything like that is below me Even though I'm the business owner and for that reason, you know, we're just a team and we all work together for that common goal Okay, Shamar we talked a little about this in your segment that that culture is so important How do you help your clients develop that culture piece, right? Not just the processes and the how you do it But how do you what's the best advice you've got for your clients or for someone out there with a business to develop that culture? If they don't have this really natural high energy personality, how can they develop a strong culture in there in their? business I I have to agree with her, you know, I'm the same way I tried to make sure that I also lead by example One of the biggest thing as a business owner is to always, you know, put yourself out there Surround yourself with people that can drive your your company forward and create that culture Based on that, you know, it's important to understand your mission your vision and what direction your company is going So that can allows for your business to grow and the people to grow with you So how do you find those people because there's a lot of people out there looking for jobs? How do you find the right people for your business? I believe that the way to do it. I'm a big believer of a gut feeling You know, of course, you're going to always look at the What they can bring to the table as far as the duties and responsibilities within you know The role in your organization But you also have to have some type of chemistry or connection with the person that you're bringing on board And they have to essentially support your vision and your mission and what direction you're wanting to go We always talk about that in terms of you've got to think about your own personal values as a business owner How do your personal values translate into your organizational values and in addition to looking for that technical skills fit How you know, what are the things you look at you? It's about creating crafting those interview questions writing them down Crafting those interview questions that are gonna they're gonna pull that thread on somebody's personality in there without coming out and going Hey, yes, tell me what tell me what your values are So many times before like a wrong hire sent me back Yeah, the wrong hire can set you back and and so what how can someone who's maybe made that mistake brought in that wrong hire? We all stumble we all fall how can how can someone get that energy back at that culture back then that they that they need To get for their business to get it growing in the right direction again Well, she's absolutely correct on leading by example because that's truly You know, it rolls down from the top exactly, you know So even though you had a hire that didn't work out very well It didn't work out you're gonna attract somebody new that's gonna work in there And you just continue looking but the more you continue to do the right thing The more you're going to attract that as well and asking the right questions to get the right person in and following your intuition Intuition is huge. We need to develop that even more follower intuition listens that gut feeling because how many times have you said, oh Shouldn't have done that, you know, and it could be something simple or as serious as hiring somebody Yeah, and intuition is such a neglected part of our critical thinking process and our decision-making process And it's very hard to reconcile those things if you're if you're really living by the critical thinking book and the intellectual honesty and Watching out for logical fallacies sometimes that tells you to disregard your intuition And it's really important as a leader to blend those two things together to to to recognize the intuition But to also grasp that critical thinking piece and put them together So to kind of blend it into into a good decision-making process.  You know, I would have to say exactly what you said lead by example I won't ask my clients to do anything. I don't already do, you know And having your own business put in the work put in the time and do what's right because if your heart's in it It's not really work Be that example. Okay, and now you can say anything you want, but lead by example I've found is the biggest realization I've found is that not everyone is going to be equally as invested in your business as I am because I am the business owner. So how else do I find how else do I get my other teammates? Engaged in my goal. So it's really taking an interest in what they're doing Trying, you know, I invite them into my home like really just take taking that connection a little more personally And realizing what drives them and helping them Exactly how is working at my practice helping you achieve your goals and I'm guessing they didn't cover that in dental Covered counting teeth and whatever Drilling and filling and I just I want to take a second because we've had a couple people come in I want to say hello Donna. Thank you for joining us today. Donna Curram's on my glasses on I don't like to wear them on TV. So I Well Donna if you think she's not doing a good job in the show You want to come refute what she has to say you can come on the show any time you want We'd love to have you so so yeah, so they don't cover this stuff in dental school and and these these are kinds of lessons So what what is your I mean you you teach business owners a lot of lessons.  I've learned is To understand that not every client is going to be your potential the right client for you You know, it's important to make those connections with the people that are truly interested in working with you And surround yourself with people that want to support your business and want to Essentially grow with you.  It's frustrating All right, we're just about halfway through the year We got about a month to go before we're halfway through the year It's time to start reevaluating our goals reevaluating where we're headed and thinking about new goals for the second half of the year If we haven't already tomorrow, what's something you want something big you want to accomplish in 2018? It doesn't have to be your business. It could be something personal too Biggest thing that I want to accomplish is to continue to be able to juggle it all, you know You know being a business owner you have your family, you know You have your business and you want both of those things to be successful And so you want to keep working towards making sure that those things are You know essentially good to go so that you know you you're as a business owner can continue to grow and know that you have the support of your Family as well. All right, you and me are gonna have after this we have a conversation about delegating and getting you and getting you some help So you continue to grow the business and have that great family life So, you know, what's something besides getting your new milling machine that you want to accomplish in 2018? Well, I just launched oral health minute and I'm so excited. I've gotten so much support so far I think in the last two months. I've already gained like 2,000 followers And so I just want to continue to grow that work on my production aspect of that and continue to reach more people Well, that's great. Everyone should go watch oral health minute a suit not now wait. Give me a minute and a half What's something you want to want to accomplish in 2018 in 2018? I am putting together the structure for actually school for kids to teach them how to think differently To instill these these concepts in them so that they learn at a young age instead of you know Trying to reprogram that that's great because that's so much of what we do in our lines of work is reprogrammed people To get rid of the limiting beliefs and get rid of the things that that they were taught or just kind of figured out on their own That may not be the best way to approach things for them. So all right. We got about a minute left Dana How can everybody reach you? Tell us again. You can reach me through Facebook through LinkedIn. Just look for Dana Berg Dana Berg comm and Yeah, all right Bianca Green Valley Smiles dentistry Valeo dental comm on Instagram dr. Bianca Valeo or I'll help him in it and Shamara, how can everybody reach you? He can reach me on the social media platform some on Facebook Twitter Instagram And you can also visit me at my website at SWHR consulting.com Well, thank you so much for being here everybody watching enjoy your Memorial Day weekend be safe I can't emphasize that enough and on Tuesday after you've done all your partying and barbecuing and reflecting I want Memorial Day is really all about contact these ladies to help you with what you're working on in your life I'm Jason Laduke from evil genius leadership consultants. If you're looking for leadership help contact me I'll be happy to come into your business and and work with you or your team on Getting some things going to create leaders who are gonna solve your problems before you even know you have a problem So thank you again for watching everyone on Facebook. We loved having you today and the future is out there lead the way. Thank you


Hi, I'm Henry Jones. I'm a hydrologist. I work for the Office of New Reactors in the Division of Site and Environmental Analysis in the branch of hydrology and meteorology.  Well, we both serve in two roles, one in the safety side and also the environmental side. In the safety side, we look at how water will impact our safety structures. What I mean, for example, storm surge and tsunami and local precipitation, will they flood the plant? Will they scour and dig up power lines or piping? Will the buildings be watertight from leakage? On the environmental impact side, we might look at how, if there's an accident, will the radionuclides travel in the water to a nearby place, farms or plants, where people may ingest the radiation. So, we play both sides that are very integral to each other. Well, we're critical in that most of your sites depend on water to determine if they have the proper siting. If a site cannot have enough water or enough water for an emergency, they can either put the site there or neither would it be licensed to put a plant there without the water. So, hydrologists play a critical role in that. We'll look at the applicant's review and see if they could put their safety structures to be safe from tsunami, surge, dam break, river flow, local precipitation and on the environmental side that if there's an accident that nothing would impact the public safety.


Remember a hallmark card when you carry enough to send the very best. But the makers of hallmark greeting cards bring you Robert Young, an FS Key Smith story of Francis Scott Key on the hallmark playhouse. Big Hallmark will bring you Hollywood's greatest stars in outstanding stories chosen by one of the world's best known authors. They distinguish novelist, Mr. James Hilton. Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. This is James Hilton. Tonight on our hallmark playhouse, we tell the story of the man who wrote words that I would venture to say are sung more often than any others in the language. When Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner exactly 137 years ago, it was odd, don't you think, that there should have been things in it like bombs bursting in air and the rocket's red glare, words that have such extra meaning for the world today. But we may still hope that of all the lines in his entire poem, the truest and most enduring will be the last. The line that sums up the heart and purpose of our country in those magnificent words, the land of the free and the home of the brave. So now tonight we tell you this story of Francis Scott Key and how he came to write our national anthem. And to start in the role of the poet, we have with us a fine Hollywood actor, not only famous everywhere, but one of our own special favourites on the hallmark playhouse, Robert Young. And now here is Frank Goss from the Makers of Hallmark Cards. When you want to remember your friends, there's one way to be sure the card you send receives an extra welcome. Look for that identifying hallmark on the back when you select it. For words to express your feelings and designs to express your good taste. That hallmark on the back is your guide. Like the sterling on silver, it's a mark of distinction that all quickly recognize. And it tells your friends you cared enough to send the very best. And now Hallmark Playhouse presenting FS Keysmith's story of Francis Scott Key, starring Robert Young. Our history over a hundred years ago, many noble words were spoken and written and sung and this is the story of how some of them became part of our history, part of our American heritage, so that we give them today our full heart and voice. The man who wrote them was as American as his birthplace, Frederick County, Maryland, and he was young in the days when America was young.  What sort of a man was he? What kind of life did he have? What would he have written to his children when he grew old and they were far away? My dear children, I'm sitting alone in my study. I've been sitting here watching the afternoon deepen into evening, thinking over days and events a long time passed.  Like all memories, these are but fragments garnered from the years. I remember a spring in Annapolis when I was a young struggling attorney. I remember sitting at my grandmother's feet. I remember the words she spoke. Oh, Francis, to listen to you, to hear your grandfather again, you in love with the country as he was in love with it, as a poet is in love with beauty, as a man is in love with strength.  Yes, she wanted me to be a poet, but law was my profession and law was to be my life. Spring in Annapolis, I was young and in love with the prettiest girl in the country, but she was a descendant of the governor of the colony. I thought she was far above me. I was as tongue-tied as a schoolboy in her presence. I remember going to her house night after night. I remember sitting beside her in an agony of silence, held prisoner by emotions I could not express, held captive by words I could not speak. And I remember a night when I stood alone in a doorway, watching her dance with the wealthiest and most handsome man in town. Well, Mr. Key, why aren't you with the dancers? Oh, good evening, Miss Lloyd. Well, Mary's dancing with someone else, I see. Mr. Key, would you mind stepping into my library for a moment? No, sir. Sit down, Mr. Key. Thank you, sir. Mr. Key, are you in love with my daughter? Sir? I think you heard the question. Yes, I... I suppose I did. You know, for a man who is exceedingly articulate in the courtroom, you are excessively inarticulate in the parlor. Well, sir, I don't make much money, and whether you make much money is completely beside the point. You've already demonstrated a certain amount of adroitness at law. I think you show promise of an excellent future. Why, thank you, sir. Now, about my daughter, Mr. Key, she has a good many suitors. Yes, I... know she has. But for some reason or other, she seems to prefer you. She does? Yes. Now, I think she and I have both waited quite long enough for you to speak. I'm out of patience for the whole thing, so tell me, once and for all, are you in love with my daughter? Yes, sir. I'm very much in love with your daughter. Then, in the name of heaven, go find her, take her for a walk in the garden and tell her... No, never mind. I'd better do it myself. Mr. Key has most eloquently and ardently begged for the honor of your hand in marriage. Sir! He has, Father. Have you, Mr. Key? He has convinced me that he is very much in love with you, and if it pleases you, I shall be most pleased to give him your hand in marriage. Oh, it would please me very much, Father. Miss Lloyd. Mr. Key. And now I think I'll take a walk in the garden. I... I can't believe it. Did you really say that you would accept me? Didn't you know how I felt? Oh, Mary, I seem to have words to express all ordinary thoughts, but this is so out of the ordinary. I don't even know how to begin. I think I've waited all my life for just this moment, and so your mother and I were married and started down the years together, deep inside me and somehow never forgotten with the words with which my grandmother said farewell. He's a good attorney, Mary, but don't let him forget the poetry. He must write. The words are inside him. He must write them down. But my time was all used up in writing briefs. I worked hard and long and late. And finally I was paid a very great honor. I was appointed by the President as United States District Attorney for the District of Columbia. Strange as I look back, how one case stands out above all others. One case and one of my children asking me about it. Father. Yes, son.  What's that? Everyone says... The man didn't kill President Jackson.  He's going to punish him. I think he should be killed. Why do you think a thing like that? He tried to kill the President. He shot at him. Son, a man isn't always responsible for what he does. Everyone says it's part of a plot against the President. Who is everyone? Well, it's just everyone. Everyone doesn't think it was part of a plot. And after careful study of the case, I'm not sure I think it is either. He did try to kill the President, though, Francis, and people are saying the man should be prosecuted. That it's your duty to prosecute. Yes, it's my duty to prosecute him, and I will. Mary, I believe that in a criminal proceeding, the duty of the representative of the government is prosecution, not persecution. Does that mean you aren't going to do anything to him, father? That means, son, that I'm going to do my best to receive justice. Regardless of my personal feelings in the matter, he must receive justice. Do you expect a little boy to understand that? Perhaps not at first, but if we keep telling him over and over in time, he will understand it. My son, I want you, I want all my children to know why their forefathers came to this country. They came to escape oppression, to lay the foundations of a nation on liberty and equality and justice. They lit a torch and guarded the flame with their own bodies and handed it to us. And we, in turn, will hand it to you. And you will hand it to those who come after you. You must fight for liberty for all men and justice towards all men, my son. For those are the principles on which America was built, and on which we must survive. You're right, Francis. I was wrong to say what I did.  And the president will fight for justice for this man, regardless of public sentiment, because he lives in a land that promises justice to him. The mints of memory, the face of a child, the face of a woman, of a president, of a would-be assassin. Words said a long time ago, sifting through my thoughts, and over and over, woven like a pattern through them all. The words of your great-grandmother. They must write. The words are inside him. He must write them down. We turn to the second act of Francis Scott Key, starring Robert Young. There is an old Chinese proverb which says, words are the voice of the heart. And the makers of hallmark cards understand this proverb well, for they are experts at making words truly the voice of the heart. You see, they realize it is the messages on hallmark cards which give them meaning. For greeting cards are not just material possessions that you purchase for yourself, you buy greeting cards only to send to others.  That's why the makers of hallmark cards are so particular about the words that go inside a hallmark card. They know you want a greeting card of good design and in good taste, but above all you want a card that says what you want to say, just the way you want to say it. And hallmark cards do just that. That's why more and more discriminating people look for hallmark on the back of any card they send or receive. They have found that you can always look to a card with hallmark on the back for a warm, friendly, person-to-person greeting on those occasions when you want your friends to know you cared enough to send the very best. Now back to James Hilton in the second act of Francis Scott Key, starring Robert Young. Francis Scott Key lost in his memories went on writing a letter to his children. Sometimes his pen raced, sometimes it was slow and halting. There came to him a thousand recollections of words he had spoken, of men he had known, of things big and little he had seen happen. Yes, my mind has been going back and forth across the years, starting and picking out memories. Fragments garnered from the years. I remember a night long before I went to Washington to become district attorney. A night when a worried man from Upper Marlboro sat in my study. Have you been advised of the arrest of Dr. Beans of Marlboro by the British? No, I haven't. Why was he arrested? Most unfortunate circumstance. A group of straggling British soldiers broke into the doctor's house. They were boisterous and disorderly and Dr. Beans ordered them arrested by the town authorities. One of them escaped. He told us a period that the doctor tried to poison some of the men and that those who were still in jail would undoubtedly be killed. I see. Dr. Beans is a kind old man, a wonderful man. Yes, I know of him. Why, he even tended the wounds of many of the British soldiers. What happened to him? The British sent a squad in the middle of this. We thought perhaps you could persuade the British Admiral to release him. But how do you think I can persuade the Admiral? We're at war with England. Well, you've more of a way with words than we have. We thought perhaps that if you could get to the British Admiral and explain the circumstances, after all, they're human beings too. Surely they'll understand if it's properly explained. Yes, of course, I'll try. I doubt if I can do anything, but I will try. And so, with the sanction of the government, I started out with a flag of truce to beg the British for the life of the doctor from Marlborough. I left my home with a small group of friends on the 3rd of September. And a few days later, I was in the Admiral's cabin on the British ship's surprise. Well, Miss Key, I find your request frankly astounding. One of the affiliations to his Majesty's troops is to be hanged to the yard arm of this vessel. Sir, if a band of drunken soldiers had invaded your home, what would you have done? Admiral, the man you would hang to the yard arm is a man who has been kind to your soldiers. A doctor who does not ask the nationality of the men he cares for. A man who sees in countrymen an enemy as well. Human beings in need of help. His only sin against you was an attempt to protect his home against bandals.  Many such a loss in war, Mr. Key. I know, but let's not lose a life that can be saved. War is for the battlefields. What kind of victory is it for the British fleet to hang a helpless old man to the yard arm? And what kind of testimony is it to the kindness of the British nature? I came here, I admit, with a certain hopelessness. I came because one of my countrymen said, they are human beings. Surely they will understand if it is properly explained. Human beings? Can we be human beings in time of war? At moments like this, perhaps for just a moment, we can. You have a rare way with words. Are you a writer, Mr. Key? I am an attorney, Admiral Cochran. Mr. Key, I am about to take many American lives. But I will give you back the one you ask. It may not be wise, but I shall allow myself the luxury of being human for just this moment. Thank you, Admiral Cochran. Thank you very much. You know then, your presence poses something with a problem. We are about to land at North Point and take Baltimore. Take Baltimore? Yes. Do you think you can take Baltimore? Easily, Mr. Key, easily. Remember, I have 9,000 soldiers and Marines ready to land. Baltimore. I was there five days ago. Beautiful city. Do you intend to pillage and burn it as you did Washington? Now, don't think you can persuade me to save your city. And don't think you will be permitted to return and spend an alarm. You will be put back on the ship on which you came, under a guard of British Marines. You will remain there until we have captured the city. Neither at your ship is anchored in such a position that you will have an excellent view of Fort McHenry. You shall watch us, capture the fort and go on to Baltimore, Mr. Key. Fragments of memory. We watched the British land at North Point. Wine of bullets, the roar of cannons and bombs split the September air, and victory and freedom hung in the balance. All day the British shelled the fort. All day we stood against the rail and watched the battle. All day our eyes went from the battle to the flag that arched above the smoke and flame. As long as it was there, we were not defeated. As long as it was there, there was hope. If it could last the day, if it could last the night, if it could last the battle. And when night gently lowered a dark curtain between our ship and the land, it was still flying, no peace, I walked the deck anxiously searching for the flag each time the red glare of the cannons lit up the sky. Liberty was at stake. Life was at stake. The future of America was at stake. And as I walked those agonizing hours that stretched endlessly from dark to dawn, I began to hear words. The words, although formed within my own heart, seemed to come from the hearts of those who had fought and died and those who were living and fighting now. What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming, whose broad stripes and bright stars were still there. The words stirred inside me like a prayer. And the prayer came for the past and the present and was for the future. And the rockets red glare, the bombs bursting in air, gave proof through the night that our flag was still there. The words were a prayer. Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave o'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave o'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. Suddenly there was quiet. The noise of battle ceased. Not a shot was fired. And the silence was more frightening in those last dark hours of the night than the noise had been. The battle had been won, but who had won it? There was none to tell us. I fell on my knees beside the rail to pray and wait for the dawn. And when the dawn came, when the dawn came, Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light what so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? She's there. The flag still flies. The flag flies and flies. We've won. Praise God we've won. Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave o'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. The words were pulsing, pounding, clamoring through me. I wrote them down in the back of an old letter. I wrote them down through my tears, through my great joy. I wrote them down hardly aware of what I was doing. Oh, thus be it ever when free men shall stand between their loved homes and the war's desolation. Blessed with victory and victory, blessed with victory and peace, may the heaven-rescued land praise the power that hath made and preserved us a nation. Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, and this be our motto, in God is our trust. And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave o'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. The glory of a tattered flag against a morning sky. Pride in country and countrymen rising until my tears ran unashamed on my face. And behind the tears, the sudden strong knowledge that we had preserved liberty in our lifetime kept it secure for those who had come after. Fragments of memory. A poem written on the back of an old letter. I leave it to you, my children. And I ask you to think of it not as a poem, or as an attempt on the part of your father to be a poet. Think of it as the words of an American. Trying to express his love, his devotion, his gratitude, his faith in his country. The contribution to our American heritage consisted of only a few words, but what words they are. They are words of courage, of faith, of liberty. They are words that bring to each of us every time we hear them the living spirit of our country. We of Hallmark who work with words every day, join with our fellow Americans in acknowledging our gratitude to the man who gave us such inspiring words, Francis Scott Key. Here again is James Hilton. You know, Bob, it's like welcoming a member of the family to have you on the Hallmark Playhouse again. Your performance tonight was excellent and heartwarming as always. Thank you, Jimmy. As for being a member of the Hallmark family, why I am, you know, I bet we celebrate more birthdays and anniversaries and such than most any other family in Hollywood. And always when you turn the cards over, there's that Hallmark. It's like an extra hello from a friend of longstanding. Yes, I expect you do have a lot of occasions to use Hallmark cards, Bob. Hello, the girls. Give them my regards, will you? I surely will, Jimmy. They always enjoy listening to the radio on Thursday nights. What are you having on the Hallmark Playhouse next week? Next week, our story will be one of the best-loved classics of romantic adventure. Anthony hopes The Prisoner of Zender. And for our starring role, we know there could be no one better than Douglas Fairbanks. Our Hallmark Playhouse is every Thursday. Our director-producer is Bill Gay. Our music is composed and conducted by David Rose. And our script tonight was adapted by Gene Holloway. Until next Thursday then, this is James Hilton saying, Good night. There are so lonely in stores that have been carefully selected to give you expert and friendly service. Remember a Hallmark card when you will carry it up to send the very best. Robert Young, star of Father Knows Best, appeared to the courtesy of Maxwell House Coffee. The role of Mary tonight was played by Barbara Eiler, others in our cast were Virginia Gregg, Ted Osburn, Herbert Butterfield, Bill Johnstone, and David Duvall. This is Frank Goss saying, Good night to you all until next week at the same time, when Hallmark Playhouse returns to present Douglas Fairbanks in Anthony Hope's The Prisoner of Zender. And the week following, Muriel Elwood's The Web of Destiny, starring Jane Wyman. And the week after that, Bellamy Portridge's country lawyer on the Hallmark Playhouse.