Be a good boy somewhere else.  Oh, I gotta keep on walking. Hey everyone and welcome to Calm Calm. It's time again for your calm from our calm. We will calm about them. Episode number. It is. It's episode. This is July and we've got three new videos so let's get to those comments. First up was rules for that. Princesses. Rachel, you got some comments for us? No, I do. Ian, do you have some comments about that? It's me. I'm the Disney Princess. I knew you were. From Andrew Tripp. That singing was spot on Ian. Keep it up and you too shall one day become a Disney Princess. I always knew you had an idea. Let it go. Let it go. Don't start again. I'm not ready to laugh that hard. So, as you can tell, I'm a professional singer and actually I only do normons or stuff on the sign because it's fun. We had an entirely different joke written but then Ian sang. And that's the joke. And that was too good of a joke to make any other jokes. Rachel, you can sing. Ricky, you can sing. He doesn't admit to it. Kyle can sing great. And I think Allison can sing at least twice as well as I can. I just can't. You can sing. Okay, I can't sing effectively. If she's not usually on key but sometimes she's on key. You know, just not long with the notes. This is good. This is good. I can work with this. Yeah, exactly. Actually, your Hamilton is pretty spot on. Yeah, your Hamilton's good. I can get some Nicki verses right now and then. Yeah, I bet you could. And once in one of these con-coms forever ago, I did Modern Major General and it was terrible. So, don't go look it up. From Larry Davidson. Remember, Princess is where they end up. Not always where they start. Okay, so, okay. Let's have the conversation. Sure. Need a Disney Princess B-Royal? No. Yes. Okay, first off, explain. Fight. Like, it's called a Disney Princess, right? Yeah. We don't count, uh, Megara. Okay, all right. I already, okay, all right, all right. We don't count Megara. We don't count Esmeralda because they're not princesses. But do we count Mulan? Um, she becomes a princess. She marries the prince at the end. No, she doesn't marry anyone. No, he's a general. She doesn't marry anyone. She doesn't even marry him. And the only thing that they resolve is that she's going to go get food for him. In Mulan too, they marry. It's still not a prince. Anyway, Rachel, your side, go. Mulan's a Disney princess and she's not a royal at all. Therefore, Disney princesses don't have to be royal. Milana is. Milana is royal just because some of them are royal. Doesn't mean all of them are royal. It has to do with the magnanimity of spirit that is traditionally thought of as being held by a princess or another person in a royal capacity, such as a chiefly's daughter. What about Esmeralda? Esmeralda is not really, is not really a Disney princess. I don't think she's marketed like one. I think she's just a different male protagonist. As we know, Quasimodo is the protag of that. Sarah Silverman is literally a princess in the movie. Yeah, she's a princess. She, her data was rewritten to not be the princess that she actually is. Oh, they changed the lines on you? Yeah, she's princess something. What about Mae Marion? Mae Marion. Mae Marion. She's just a maid. Mae Marion? No, I think Mae. From Robin Hood? No, she's not royal. But she's like some royal maid. She's a royal maid to like no one. Or she a maid in? I don't know. She's a maid. She's like, by that they mean like Virgin Mary. Okay. Also, Megara is a princess and that's where we cut. Go. I am the very model of a modern major demigod. What is a demigod's wife? Like, what is that? It depends on which one. Okay, so fun factor. She's dead. He kills her after. It's a really sad, it's not a great story actually. But if it like worked out, she would like, I don't know. His immortal shade went up to Olympus. I guess he did princely stuff there. All I'm saying is that Hades follows all of his deals to the letter and Hercules breaks his deals. Right.  Like, he says that he's going to go in the little lake thing and he doesn't. He comes out. Little known fact, Hades is actually the one who wrote the art of the deal. We have Prison Architect, which was a fun video that was sponsored by Paradox Games. Which is a really cool Paradox Games. Paradox Games is a cool place. Go check them out during the steam sale. And check out our videos about them because they're funny. 10 out of 10 would check out. So the first comment here I have is, honestly, I just picked it because the person who wrote it, we have Fred Durst. I always knew he was a fan. Fred Durst, big fan. He says, gotta be honest, who hasn't heard of this game? It's a pretty good forestry sim. Is this, I guess, a joke on resource management for prisons? I've actually, I've never played Prison Architect. I did not also play Prison Architect. But I presume it takes a lot of. But I've played a lot of roller coaster tycoon. Yeah.  So that makes sense. Right. But Fred Durst commented on our, look at him. That's really cool. I also, I'm glad that he knows about quality gaming. Yeah. Gatsby, please stay away from the microphone. No, he can go ahead. We don't want to hear his opinions. Wow. He's a dog. They're great opinions. They're the best opinions. Our second comment is from Heliofage, who says, the voice of Rimi plays and I'm like, I know that voice. So we had some guest people in on this video. We did. And who's the voice of Rimi? Rimi plays a lot of games. I don't know him. Kyle knows him. Kyle knows him. And we were going to have some other people on. Which one did he voice? That's what I meant to say. He voices the, the, the guy who is the foreman. Okay. Very like, he's like, he's like, I want to play in the foreman. He's like, I am the foreman. That's him. That was funny. But did you know that I'm also in that video? I did. I did. I could tell. Because I bragged about it around the house. I was salty because I didn't even know there were voices that needed to be done. And I was never even concerned. But you did such a great job. It was like four hours before it went up. Why would they, why would they ever go past you? You did such a perfect job for him. I'm a little upset because I voiced the CEO at the end. And I did like clean takes, right?  Can you, can you, just for the sake of example, can you give us one of those lines in a Boston accent? Sure. Park the car, wicked awesome. Is it John F. Kennedy over there on the couch next to me? It is in fact John F. Kennedy. Oh my God, back from the dead. He's here guys. Just put Fred Durst over my face, John. He'll do it. We had a, it was just for me and this one and you? Yeah. Because I know in Stilares we had a ton of people. A bunch of people, the professors in it. Professors in it, we got Chris and or Jack, or both. I believe both Chris and Jack. So we've officially collaborated with Asaka, so that's great. Yeah, that's really cool. They also posted the best movie marathoning for this weekend. Yeah. Where it was the three days of Goldsburg. Where you play Independence Day on the fourth. The Fly on the fifth for Jifly Fifth. Sure. And a July 6th park for Jurassic Park. July 6th park is one of their big deals. I know this. Anyway, if you haven't checked out Chris and Jack, go check them out. They're great. Yeah, they're great. They're wonderful.  They helped with the Gyrox. And we should have more people helping out in the future for all of our videos. Because now, hey, we know people now. They like us. They really like us. Keep subscribing and maybe we'll know more people. Yeah, please do guys. Is it my turn? Please subscribe. Okay, so I'm reading for the I'm reading comments from the grappling rules show video. And our first comment is from Jacob Griswald. It says never played Pathfinder, but these are still enjoyable. Thank you. If I can make Pathfinder enjoyable, I can make that's actually, I mean, that's my whole job. My job is actually to make things that people don't want to like think about. Interesting addition because I'm a Latin teacher. It's actually hard to write these four. Because I write the fifth edition ones. And it's like, Oh, what are weird, like out of the way rules in fifth edition? And this is like, well, it is not really that many because fifth edition is so simple and streamlined and amazing. So I do feel like you do take a lot of hard information and make it entertaining. Because like I look at the Pathfinder book and I'm just like, I don't know. I'll play a fighter. What I'm doing, and I might, what I'm doing in the second writing pass on all of the fifth edition ones, there's just a lot more room for like jokes and just like having fun with it. Because there's not, it's not just all densely packed rules content. So I get like, it's really great just being able to like kind of put more creativity in those. But also at the same time, that's like why I like Pathfinder is because you can make a 10 minute video on how to do a six second action. And please suggest more, even more complex rule systems below. And I will force my friends to play them. We're going to play, I don't know, something to do with Gerps. Gerps? Gerps? Gerps. I have a conspiracy theory that literally nobody has ever run a session of Gerps. I have played one session of Gerps. What is Gerps mean for you? It stands for Generic Usage Retail Generic Universal Role Playing System. Yep. It's, you're supposed to be able, it's like a, it doesn't have any like flavor to it. It's just like, here's a class that does physical damage with an object. It could be a fighter or it could be an engineer who has a wrench. And it's a, It does not matter. And if you can like write in whatever you need to in the blanks for the flavor. One of my friends tried to play an Assassin's Creed campaign. I played an Assassin's Creed character Esk person and the session went one time and then we were done. Wow. It seems like a very efficient system. It was great.  I tried. Comment about your favorite Gerps times. Oh, that sounds bad. I tried to play Gerps once and we like, I think only one of us knew how to play, right? Yeah. So he sat down and was like, Okay, I'll make some characters. And then eight hours later he had one of them done. Which is Pathfinder times. So, man. It sounds torturous. Speaking of torturous. This, this comment is from Vesta. And they are talking about a moment when Ian slaps a bunch of books down on the table that he says they're Pathfinder rules books. But anyways, that's context for Vesta's comment. And she says in Pathfinder, proceeds to slap Caesar onto the table. A tube wrap play. That's pretty funny. I, that's pretty good. I wanted to read the thread for this because it's funny. Do it, do it. Spencer Cubista says, little known fact, it was Caesar's mastery of grappling rules that allowed him to conquer all of Gaul. He seized it quickly. Yeah, there's more seizing puns in the thread. Go look up the thread, guys. I've been told I can only read one comment in a thread. I have an easier time reading to those Caesar books than I do the grappling rule sometimes. Oh, that's crazy, dude. It's actually all Greek to me. It's not. It's, it's, it's just not, it's not funny. Not a funny joke, Ricky. You think we do not hear this, Ricky? You think these are not, these are new to us? Vi. I am, uh, I always say it's always per, it's all Persian to me in class. Wow. And I'm sorry. Does that get laughs? No, it's when they say, don't you think Greek? And I just turn and say, no, I know Greek. And then that increases the respect for me. That increases, no, I know Greek. They think I am an excellent person with high quality because I say things like that. But okay, all right, whatever you say. You're the Latin man. I am. And the grapple man. No, much worse than that. Okay. I have one more comment on the grappling video. It's from Rachel Butcher Conn. Oh, surprise comment. Yeah. From Rachel Butcher Conn, it says, Come on. Bonus comment. Bonus comment. Ding, ding, ding, ding, ding. She says, uh, this man is so smart and handsome, would grapple 10 out of 10. And to that, I say, get away from my husband. I just went through like three possible jokes in my head. And they're all. Not as good as what you said. No, I just can't say them on, I can't say them. Just watch you say them and John will get rid of them. No, no, no, because you might move. Anyway, um, thank you. 10 out of 10, 10 out of 10 would, uh, would decline to, to how, to compare it to CMD. So we'll keep making videos. Y'all keep commenting on them. And you can see yourself featured here. Tell us ideas for what you want in rule show. Tell us ideas on what you want in general. In general. Send me a Christmas list. Oh, yeah. I'm not Santa. That's contrary to popular. That was suspicious. I am not Santa. It was incredibly suspicious. Have you ever heard a person who's not Santa say I'm not Santa? Have you ever seen a picture of Ian and Santa in the same place? Actually, I have a theory that when Ian gets old, he's going to look exactly like Santa. No, I need to look exactly. Given the right hair styling circumstances and clothing choices. Exactly like John Hammond. I need to look exactly like the Jurassic Park guy. Oh my God. That guy looks like Santa. Except instead of bringing presents, he brings death. A tiny lizard and falls into a death. To be fair, he does get eaten by that tiny lizard. I don't want you to be like that, man. Technically, his grandparents sound the T-Rex, or his grandparents. His grandchildren sound the T-Rex alarm that sounds like, and that makes him fall down the hill. And then the copies get him. Right, okay. So he's scared of T-Rexes and eaten by chickens. You've also read the book. I have. I had to read the book for English class. Really? In senior year, yeah. Wow, I read it in sixth grade. I never read the book because I'm not a nerd. There we go. She wins, yeah. Well, we'll keep making content. You guys keep commenting on it. Check out our streams like The Morning Show and Digital Cardboard. And Playing Rules Live. And check out KilnSpark on the podcast channel. Come to Play Rules Live and see all the jokes that Ian wanted to make, but couldn't. It's true. And come see Alternigos, which should be out. Probably by Friday this week, maybe. Whenever, just replace this week with whatever week it comes out, yeah. Right. Thanks. Bye. Bye. All right, stop filming. Quick hurry before John gets more material. We're not rolling. We're not filming. I know I'm going to break my style. And I'm going to break me down. Oh no. I got to keep on. Thanks for watching. If you want more, you can go over to twitch.tv slash thedoormasterTV right this minute. And we are streaming our morning show. We have a morning show. What do we do on a morning show? What do you want me to do? Because this is, because we both do the morning show. We do. Yeah. And we stream every single weekday morning on Twitch from 8 a.m. to 9 a.m. Central's time. And it's been fun, but not a lot of people know about it. So we're just advertising it real quick. You can go watch it right now. If you're watching this during that time, if you're not, then it's not happening. But if it is, go, go, go, come say hi. Thanks.


I'm Judy Lee, a stream biologist by training, and all my experience in the field has given me a great appreciation for the diverse landscapes in the American West. I think that our familiarity with landscapes helps us understand them better, what we know intellectually and what we appreciate culturally and the values we imbued with them. Cultural ecology is the interaction of people and places. Environmental historians tend to look at this kind of thinking as developing a sense of place. Now it could be said that anybody could identify with objects or buildings, but I think there's a special sense of place that develops from an appreciation of the natural things. The natural landscapes have been changing with climate and with peoples for millennia, and we are going to be looking at some of these phenomenon. Interacts with culture, in part by distributing resources that humans will follow. There are cultural patterns in which people develop a livelihood and ways in which are a little bit less obvious to us now in our modern world. Technology and innovation help determine the scope and magnitude with which cultures impact resources. And then finally, in this continent especially, blended cultures, cultures that come together from other parts of the world working together with Native Americans here have created new patterns as well. Fort Rock is a very old place on the northern tip of the Great Basin that is in eastern Oregon. It's hard to imagine that once long ago there were lakes and wetlands here. The Paleo-Indians who came here over 10,000 years ago were hunters and fishermen using those wetlands. This is a picture of a sandal that was retrieved from the cave at Fort Rock. Well, there isn't wetland or marshes there anymore and there have been dramatic changes in climate. And so the people who once lived there had dispersed such that we don't have any idea of their identity. It is very likely they became the peoples of the Great Basin or of the Columbia Plateau. We are still learning about how they came and when they came to this North American continent. There are some other signs of changes related to climate that interact with culture that are little more recent and for which we understand a bit more of how people lived there. On the banks of the Missouri as it meets up with the Mississippi is the current city of St. Louis. But a thousand years ago there was a thriving city there of about 20,000 to 25,000 people all dependent on a culture of corn. This particular place we now call Cahokia. Some people call it monks mound and that comes from more contemporary uses in the 19th century. It was a society built on a strong hierarchical organization. And if you could imagine for three centuries slave labor carried buckets of dirt to create these enormous mounds. They have a particular configuration that's reminiscent of Mexico, but we don't know of any particular connections. Corn however, which is something which this culture depended on, came from Central America. In the Ohio valleys there were early agricultural groups that learned to use the corn, but it was here at Cahokia that used the trade routes of the rivers, the flood plains for the corn that developed such a sophisticated society. But climate changed. At least that's what we think happened. Consider that there were in those times more than 20,000 people who had to go far and wide to find the wood to build their structures and find sufficient game to supplement their corn diet. Can you imagine that there might have been a stockade built here, a stockade of two miles long built of about 20,000 oak and hickory trees. Oak and hickory trees that's kind of hard to find in this part of the country these days. It was rebuilt three times over a 200 year period of time and probably contributed to the demise of available resources. Not only were the trees being cut down, but the wildlife that was associated would have disappeared at the same time. At any rate, in the 14th century there was apparently a continental wide drought, which resulted in the great numbers of people from here moving out into the Mississippi flood plain. Some of them would have gone south towards the area of the present city of Natchez. These are the remaining mounds there now, and you can see they're not particularly distinctive. But they tell us that this particular group of people was probably the last remnant of the Mississippian cultures. The Spanish conquistadors first saw them when they arrived in this part of North America. And the French settled here near the present city of Natchez. They studied them a bit, that is, they studied the native populations, and within 30 years annihilated the entire tribe and enslaved the few that were left. So there are no longer any remnants of this culture other than the artifacts we find in their mounds. This is a more distant picture which shows you the view of the flood plain at the same time. About the same era in the North American continent, there were great civilizations developed in the dry Southwest. The Anasazi were a group of people that lived primarily in the Four Corners region, and this map gives you an indication of a variety of arid climates. The Anasazi were right in the middle of it. They lived at first in the Mesa's and the Ho-Ho-Kam and the Moguyan were other groups of early Native Americans who took advantage of the river flood plains in the very hottest deserts, along the Salt and the Gila rivers, particularly. This is a picture of one of the ruins atop a Mesa, which was characteristic of the kinds of villages that the earlier Anasazi, maybe around the year 1000, the kind of villages that they occupied. They hunted for game in the nearby forests and grew corn to survive. It wasn't long before, for reasons that we don't quite understand, they moved down into the cliffs. And this is a picture of Mesa Verde, which survived for about 200 years. Now when you think about survival in a cliff, one has to imagine that there were some significant reasons for changing their lifestyle. It was likely that there were marauding other tribes, which made it impossible to survive easily on the Mesa tops and the cliffs more defensible. They had to bring their water down, they had to still go up into the Mesa tops to hunt, and you can imagine that farming would have been a pretty tricky operation as well. In about the same time that the people abandoned Cahokia on the Mississippi River Plain, the people that we call the Anasazi also moved from their cliff dwellings, moved down onto the river flood plains, such as the Rio Grande, and became the peoples of the Pueblos. This is a picture of the Zuni Pueblo, the people who named the Anasazi the ancient ones. There are no historical or even strong oral traditions which tell of this movement of people from the cliffs down onto the river flood plains. But when I was visiting in the Puyah dwellings, which is one of the early pictures I showed you, our tour guide told us about a story of the Tihuah Pueblo that explains that the people of their tribe came up from the earth and wandered for some time until they found the perfect settling place of their present Pueblo. And to symbolize that, this spiral and ones like it in other petroglyphs indicate the importance of this journey. I think it's a nice blend between the oral tradition and what we know from archeological information. Surprisingly, there were many very dense populations of Native Americans before Europeans arrived on this continent. In California, in the Pacific Northwest along the Columbia, in the Great Lakes are examples of some of those locations. Their oral traditions and the artifacts that they left behind give us an idea of what their use of landscapes might have been like. But we can turn to some more recent peoples to learn more about how the lifestyles of Native Americans adapted to our American landscape. They show us how humans are adaptable and mobile. The fact that while we don't see anybody at Cahokia any longer or in the Anasasi dwellings, we know that humans are flexible and move when pressed by climate. They can also move as a result of simple seasonal change and develop patterns of lifestyle that sometimes we call hunter-gatherers. In the Columbia River Basin, there were numbers of tribes, particularly in the Columbia Plateau, the more eastern end of the Columbia River Basin, where hunting and gathering was core to their lifestyle. They depended most of all on the great runs of salmon coming up all through the spring, summer and fall. Their villages were concentrated near the river, but soon enough as the spring came on, they would move along. This is a historical picture of Sililo Falls, which is now inundated by one of the great dams on the Columbia. But it shows the last season where the fishing platforms were used by the Native American tribes. This would have happened by some tribes much more of the year than those that were further east. Those peoples depended on moving with the fish. They would move up over the foothills into the mountains nearby, going as far up to the high tributaries in the summer as they could, following the great runs of Chinook and Steelhead. At the same time, the women would be gathering berries. These are pictures of huckleberries almost ready to pick. And also, kinds of resources that they need to build their baskets. The men would be hunting as the season moved along. But by fall, these small family groups would gather up and return back to the river. They were careful in the way in which they used the landscape because they didn't want to overharvest. This is an overlook in the Wallawa Mountains that is used as a place still for collecting special roots. If they were to return to the same place every year, the roots would be gone. And so they are very careful in the way that they manage their seasonal rounds in this landscape. When they return back to the river's edge in the fall, the women dry the fish and prepare for the long winter. The tribes that are much closer to the ocean have a slightly different resource base. First, many of them have access to the marine resources as did this oyster picker. But in addition to that, these are people who have an advantage of using salmon that have more calories. The fish haven't run upstream yet. So what happens is that those people were able to stay in more sedentary villages. They did not use the landscape as widely as did those who lived further upstream needing to follow the fish in a different pattern. Similarly, the people of the Willamant Valley, who didn't get as many fish as those in the large Columbia River, depended on a greater variety of resources, particularly camas. This is a picture of camas roots that were managed, actually, through fire. A very common tool used by Native Americans all over the North American continent. Fire would allow for the burning of the grasses, opening the clearings so that the wildlife could use it for their grazing and be very convenient for the Indian hunters to be able to catch them when they were doing so. It also encouraged roots like camas and berries. So in general, the wetlands of the Willamant were productive in part because of the management of the tribes that were there. This may also have been true in California to the south of Oregon. This is a picture of oak woodlands that are there today. And in the old times, there were oak woodlands everywhere. And it was acorns that provided the main staple for Native Americans in California. There were almost 100 California tribes, all of which depended at least to some extent on acorns. There are 20 species of oaks in the region, but only nine of them are really useful for food. We don't even think about acorns as food, yet this was the absolute staple for most of the Native Americans because of the rich calories that acorns provide. I interviewed a Miwok Indian who told me that here were peoples who depended very much on foot to move between tribes and across landscapes. They were practically marathon runners and thought nothing of walking 100 miles in a very short amount of time. They were communicating with each other and gathering the acorn crops which they would store in granaries like the one you see here. There were also places where they would gather to mash the acorns. There were great outcroppings of bedrock with little holes in them where they would mash the acorns and make it readily usable for a variety of foods that they could make with them. The oaks were of a resource which we don't really see in the same way anymore. Still they are a dominant vegetation in the metges of the foothills of the Sierra and the coast ranges in California. The meadows themselves provided grasses as well and seeds which the Indians would use to supplement their diet. In the marshes of the Central Valley and in the northern part of California there were important activities of hunting for game and fishing. This is a picture of a fishing weir in northern California and shows the extent to which fishing was a very important enterprise. Those lucky tribes who were located along the great rivers depended also on the migratory runs of fish. And some of the pictures that come from these days give us an idea of how great those runs once were. They also infer the importance of the entire ecosystem of the whole landscape through which the fish had to migrate from the oceans into the bay up the estuaries and to the rivers where the weirs might be able to catch them in this way. With the arrival of Europeans particularly the Spanish, California changed in a very dramatic way. In part it was the way in which people perceived the space that was the landscape. About the time of the signing of the Declaration of Independence Spain decided to take possession of what we now call California. They did this spurred on by the activities of the Russians and they were very much afraid that the Russians who were interested in the fur pelts might decide to take California for themselves. And so they brought their missionaries to establish churches all along the coastal route in California. Associated with them there were pueblos that had the importance of developing the foodstuffs to support the missions. These particular landscapes were still very large and in the entirety of California during the Spanish era there were only 30 land grants given by the King of Spain to worthy soldiers. Can you imagine in the entirety of California there were only 30 but what that allowed for was plenty of space for the long horn cattle to roam around independently and take care of themselves. It was a very different place than what was to come. This is a picture of the San Jose Pueblo right after the Gold Rush era. And it was during this period of time that the land grants of the Mexican and Spanish families which had been promised by the U.S. government as permanent land holdings disappeared practically. There were squatters there were people who swindled land away and people just found all kinds of unscrupulous ways of acquiring land in that chaotic period associated with the Gold Rush. And suddenly the landscape got divided up into many small parcels. Those remnants of these rancho lands still exist in a few spots in California. The way in which we perceive the land has changed dramatically. It's not just that we grow different crops or that we've put a few new towns in but we just don't think of these wide open spaces as landscapes in California. There are other places in the country though where we still have fairly wide landscape views and this would be in the Great Plains of the Middle West. Here we have examples of ways in which innovation and technology worked with the ways in which culture can use those technologies to dramatically transform those landscapes. Now, if I were to ask you what kind of technology do you think was important in this landscape? Remember these? This is the Great Plains, the Midwest. Perhaps you would say the railroads. And they certainly were important in delivering the buffalo across the plains to the market in the east. You might think it interesting that in the background on this drawing done in the 1800s in Harper's Magazine is a picture of Cahokia. Trains which brought people and hunters to the west helped them cross the country and also delivered livestock and buffalo. Now, there would be a good argument to say that trains weren't a very important technology. Another way you might think about it is the way in which agriculture changed dramatically in the Great Plains and perhaps you would say that something like barbed wire and fencing made all the difference in the way our culture sees and uses this landscape. And there would be an argument perhaps for the use of the metal axe or the hoe that changed the ways in which people have used the plains of the Midwest. But I would like to suggest that it was the horse that transformed what we do in that landscape even more dramatically or at least in a similar fashion. The horse was reintroduced to the North American continent by the Spanish. Prior to that the Indians had been hunting for buffalo on foot using dogs as their beasts of burden. And you can imagine it was a good bit slower requiring a lot more stealth to capture the buffalo. However, the horses were brought by the Spanish in the 14th century but not given access to Indians until there was a revolt of the pueblos in 1680. Up to that point the Spanish had been very careful not to allow the Indians to acquire them. Within 20 years of that revolt the various tribes had traded and stolen horses among each other such that they had moved well up into the Midwest. And by 1730 the Nez Perce who used the Great Plains and also traveled into the Columbia Basin were using horses in their hunting activities. So it didn't take long when the horses did arrive to transform what Indians could do. What this implies is that what we associate with the great horsemen of the Great Plains who pursued the buffalo was a pretty recent event in this continent. The historian Richard Manning who studied these plains a good bit notes that grasslands are an environment and ecosystem which encourages nomadicism. Because of the irritity that it's not possible to stay in one place long and survive. On the edges are the farmers the ones who farm along the rivers a little like what we talked about for Cahokia. But in the Great Plains themselves that one would expect there to be great mobility. It happens that a number of the tribes which we associate with the Great Plains arrive there fairly late in the history of humans in the North American continent. Not much before European Americans. This is an indication of the route in which they traveled during the period from 1680 to 1780. And you can see from the beginning of the arrows that the Cheyenne were originally inhabitants of the woodlands of the Great Lakes like the Lakota. These tribes and others had been pushed westward by warring tribes of the east who had been fighting with white settlers. So armed with more ammunition those eastern tribes were able to shove progressively these tribes into the Great Plains. So you can see that there were several stopping points along the way as these fundamentally farming tribes tried to find a location. And where you see that they joined the Mandan and Arikara who were farming tribes along the Missouri it was about 1780. Not short long after that they moved down into the Great Plains and if you think about this date these were the times when the horse arrived on the plains. And the Cheyenne became great buffalo hunters like the Lakota and many other tribes that adopted the use of the horse for hunting their prey. What happened as a result of these activities was that the there were tribes pursuing these buffalo along the routes that became important for immigration of American settlers. Some who were going to the gold fields of California others to farm farms that they would homestead. The the Indian tribes had established new routes for where they expected to find their buffalo and became very angry when they were unable to continue these patterns of hunting and led to natural kinds of animosity and warfare. So the Great Plains were a place where the horse provided a complete technological change for the Indians. The iron horse provided technological innovation for the settlers who would come across. And to to another extent the federal government provided the kind of legislation which made many of these changes possible. I think one of the most interesting facets of looking at changes on our landscapes have been those instances in which cultures have blended their their skills and ways of doing things to provide a whole new way of using their resources. Early in the settling of the East Coast there was a lot of movement required of the Native Americans. The Creek were Indians of Georgia and the Carolinas who were shoved out of their homelands by the European settlers. Forced to move south into the unoccupied lands of Florida. Now in those days it wasn't maybe so surprising that there was no one there because at that time they were marshlands not particularly suitable for farming. But the Creek were farmers of corn and they needed to find a way of surviving there. The key to their success may have been their collaboration with runaway slaves. By the time the creeks had moved down into Florida the other groups had begun to call them Seminoles that is the runaway tribes. And the Seminoles were joined by the runaway slaves in order to make a success of making these wetlands work for them as ways in which a place where they could farm. The African slaves had come over with skills for farming just that kind of situation of wetlands for rice. And so they helped in farming these lands converting the lands so that they could have both corn and rice. And the Indians the fierce warriors that they were provided the defense that these agricultural communities needed to survive. Defended to the extent that when the American government decided to move the southeastern Indians east to a place that they called Indian territory the Seminoles would have none of it. And there was a war that lasted for more than 40 years. The first attack on the Seminoles was conducted by General Andrew Jackson. And it was when Jackson became president that the move for these tribes east became even more active. And they eventually became what we know as the five civilized tribes in Oklahoma. Originally they occupied the lands along the Arkansas River and wider landscapes than that. But eventually their lands were very much whittled down as white settlers began to move out there. So people from the southeast learned to adapt to all those climate conditions of Oklahoma and the more arid Midwest. One of the best examples of cultures blending I think is in the southwest. It is still obvious today and it comes out of a long history of the Spanish settlement there mixing with the Pueblo and other Indian tribes in that region. The Spanish arrived in New Mexico long before they were even interested in California. This is a picture of the Las Trampas church that was established probably in the 1600s. In this period of time the Spanish had settled along the Rio Grande. And their highest the thing of greatest importance to them during this settlement was finding water and making it usable for farming. The Spanish and the Portuguese came with skills that are related to their arid homeland in Iberia. They came during a period when Spain and Portugal were still one country together. They brought with them not only techniques but also ways of distributing water that they combined with the cultural ideas of the Indians who were also accustomed to irrigating in this very arid land. This is a picture of the little town of Valdez nestled between two foothill ranges and it illustrates some of the important criteria which the Spanish set out when they were making their settlements. The king required that they would have fertile areas with good land, grasslands, forests and good plentiful water supplies. This in order for them to survive in such a landscape. What they did was establish a system of ditches that are called Assecius. They are a communal system of distributing water that still exists today. The main attributes of this way of doing things is that it provides water for subsistence farmers. That's different than corporate farmers perhaps that we might be more familiar with in the Midwest or in California or even in the Pacific Northwest. These are often unincorporated areas and the social structure provided by Assecius are the way in which these areas are organized. They provided the form of government for these small rural towns. An important thing to remember about Assecius was that they were so fundamental to the way things were done that they were provided as a carryover from the Spanish to the Mexicans, Mexicans to the American governments. Such that they still have standing in legal courts today. They are ditches that run primarily on gravity and they're dug by hand and all members of the particular ditch system or Assecius are required on an annual basis to help maintain them. Water is allocated according to the needs of the community. It's provided equally to everyone according to how much is available. It does not have to do as much with who got there first, who has the most land. But instead the community works to find ways in which they can grow crops that will work if the year is thought to be a dry one, then they don't grow the same crops as they would in a wetter year. So it's a very different way of looking at property, a communal aspect that is almost foreign to the way we think about allocating water. The way we do things in much of the American West comes from the mining days when the first person there got the most of what there was. And in the Southwest there still exists this other way of doing things. This is a picture of the town of Valdez now and you can see these lateral ditches that flow according to gravity which provide for all the subsistence farmers there. Admittedly, this is one of the poorest counties in the entirety of the United States. And so it's a system that is very much a part of that rural subsistence existence that is different than other kinds of agricultural enterprises. There is another aspect to cultures which we're not going to get to in any detail but what gives a lot of power to how cultures operate. That is in our political systems we establish boundaries on these landscapes. In the history of the United States certain treaties were important in the ways in which we allocate resources. We've just spoken about Spanish Ezekias and how people are given rights to water that is different than an appropriative law. And in the Indian tribes those who were able to sign treaties were given reservations. And also lands were ceded to them for continual hunting and gathering purposes. The Indians recognize that this is really the fact that they were giving up their lands. It was not a matter of the federal government giving land to them. There were many other federal legislative acts which had a lot to do with the ways in which we see and use our landscapes. Homesteading which was a way in which the federal government divvied up those lands acquired from Native Americans to small farmers. There were water laws that determined how the water would get there that would also influence the ways the amount of water that would come from places that were very arid. Places like Los Angeles and Las Vegas for example come out of the kinds of legislation dictating water law. And another way in which federal government impacts the landscapes are in their trust lands. In our contemporary world we're very familiar with the forests that are owned by the federal government and the parks. In the 19th century the railroad grants were important. They became part of what is legislated by the Bureau of Land Management today. There are a host of things which our government has set aside that create the boundaries we perceive in landscapes. But this isn't the only way of looking at resources. And communal properties which we've just talked about are quite different than the kinds of lands that are set aside through homesteading and establishing private properties. Communal lands may happen also in tribal enterprises in both the United States and in Canada. So the resources that we acknowledge today have changed a bit from a number of the cultures that we've just talked about. We may not appreciate acorns or camis in the way that the Native Americans do, but we do have an appreciation for the importance of biodiversity and for connectivity among landscapes that we depend just as they did on those resources providing ecosystem health for us all. Thank you.


Okay, we're live back here at HP Discover 2012. I'm John Furrier, joined with my co as Dave Vellante and we're here with Cullen Bash HP's labs, Sustainable Ecosystems Research Director. You're involved in all the data center, energy, power and cooling. I've interviewed Shondra Khan in the past. We've had a lot of conversation and we blogged extensively about all the innovations you guys are working on around big data, machine data, probes, footprint, energy. So welcome to the queue. Thank you, it's a pleasure to be here. So tell us about what's going on in HP Labs before we get into some of the conversations around what you guys are doing right now. Obviously at the show you had a recent announcement, I think last week or the week before around the data center. So just take us through the update. Sure, last week we announced some of the research that we've been doing on net zero energy data centers. And so this is a project that's been going on for about three and a half years now at HP Labs within our Sustainable Ecosystem Research Group. And in that project we're looking to reduce resource consumption in data centers as much as possible. And we take a holistic view, so we're looking at reducing IT resource consumption, energy resource consumption, power and cooling, all of that, we look at one big holistic problem. So what are you seeing in terms of, here at HP Discover 2012, what's the vibe and what are you guys talking about? We're talking about really the future of computer architecture for big data. So how do we architect new machines that can deal with zettabytes of data that are generated every year, just growing and growing over the next four years that were expected, I think, to get to about eight zettabytes of data being generated in the next four years? So how do we construct new computer architectures to deal with that that are very energy efficient and very high performance? So obviously big data is one of those terms where everyone has a different definition. The people in the customer base think it's pretty much hype, but we're big data junkies, we love it. We think that's a trend that's so relevant at many different levels, obviously transferring business. So share with people your definition of big data and then some of the things that people might not know about big data and I kind of, I already had some of the conversations, but I will let you to share it around the machines and probes, some of the real collective intelligence you can do with the network and the machine. So first, the definition of big data. Well for me, I'm a mechanical engineer, so I deal with energy, but for me, big data is really all about unstructured data, it's about data that we have to deal with that's being generated at a rate today that really is unprecedented for us. I think the things you can do with it are interesting, the things that we do in the data center level with data. In fact, we're thinking about it beyond data center, so let's think about cities, right? If we start thinking about how to make cities more sustainable, one way to do that is to collect information about what's happening in that city. This goes down to everything from the cyber physical infrastructure, things like what's happening in our water distribution system, our energy distribution system, our network, if we think about sensing and collecting all of that data so we can act on it, but to me, that's big data. So there's a story floating around, you guys, HP's new data center uses 3% less energy. BBC just came out with an article thanks to our new tool, Dave, of our vertical engine. So talk about that, can you elaborate on that? Yeah, in fact, that's part of the sustainable data center research that I was talking about before, so we're doing a couple of things in data center research and really boils down to three things, I think. The first is trying to reduce demand for resources within data centers and that's specifically what that 30% number refers to and in this piece of research, what we're doing is trying to more efficiently utilize IT infrastructure. Right now, most data centers, the IT infrastructure is utilized at about 20 to 30% max which means most of the machines, most of the time aren't doing much work and so we're working on technology that allows us to consolidate workload on fewer machines, increase utilization closer to 90 to 95% without impairing performance and then as we consolidate that workload, we can turn machines off that aren't being used, we can integrate the operation of the IT systems with the power and cooling systems and all of this gets us to that 30% number. So, Dave runs Wikibon.org which is an open source research firm. We do a lot of research around the data center and some of it's really not published because we publish everything for free but some of the stuff that we're watching in terms of the trends is DCIM. Can you talk about some of the data center infrastructure management software because that is really where the heart of the conversations are kind of early adopter around this energy management, power and cooling. What is going on there? Yeah, to me, I think you can't actively manage the data center in a very efficient way without knowing what's going on holistically in the data center space. So what's happening in the power and cooling infrastructure? What's happening in the IT infrastructure? And so to me DCIM, which again is one of those things that has a lot of different definitions to different people like big data, to me it's really all about integrating the IT with the facility space. So one way to think about this is instead of having different software systems that deal with IT and facilities, these things really should be merged and they really should provide a complete single pane of glass picture for data center operators be they IT operators or facility operators. Once we have that single pane of glass detail, that data all in one place, we can then start acting on it. We can do things like control how cooling resources are distributed with respect to IT needs. We could start controlling the way that IT servers themselves behave with respect to their environment. And that kind of thing isn't done today. These things are still disconnected largely. The IT systems are disconnected from the facility systems and I think that has to change. Yeah. We were in Barcelona, John and I were in Barcelona a couple of years ago and we were at one of the HP launches at a big hotel there and we saw the pods. Was that something that you were involved in early on? Pods are really interesting to us. Pods actually are something that we postulated back in about 2004 timeframe.  And the pod is nice because it really brings that vision finally kind of to fruition. It still requires DCIM and I think it really is kind of a great first test case for DCIM type management software because we can control tightly the power and the cooling resources. We can control the IT resources. Yeah, when I interviewed Chandrakant in 09 and basically I said this is an operating system. This is a data center operating system. I think that holistic approach is probably one of the most under discussed stories in the business. I mean, a lot of the, I'll say stone age data centers because it's data centers have been around I don't think for how many decades but if you look at the classic data center it's just standard problems top of rack at stirvers and I got old power supplies. We had the HP guy on here from BCS he was back telling us that he's walked in some customer environments and he saw machines that he's designed still around with the old power supply so you have huge power problems but they're all isolated. So this trend of DCIM and this system approach to a data center is critical not just in one facility across geographies. So with that in mind we'll debate that here. My question is where are we in the market in your view on a scale of one to 10, 10 being everyone's ubiquitous of customers looking at the data center as a holistic system? Is it a one? Is it a three? One and a half? I think it's probably a five and I think we have a long way to go but I think customers more and more are starting to see the value and the need for thinking of data centers as a holistic system. We're by no means operating data centers holistically yet. I think you mentioned pods I think pods is one good way to get us there but we need to do this in large scale facilities too. And a lot of it's not just customers by the way customers are interested in this but it's also being able to provide them with the tools that they need to think about things holistically and to operate holistically. The lines are blurring between infrastructure to Colin. Particularly networking and servers but now even storage is becoming part of that equation. How does that fit into the whole energy efficiency equation? I think that servers and storage, networking that's all part of the IT infrastructure. All of that consumes power all of that requires cooling. Networking gear in the past and in some cases this is still true today was designed with a cooling architecture that didn't fit server architectures. So for example, if you think about placing networking gear into a rack it would exhaust a lot of times hot air into the cold aisle of data centers. The airflow patterns were reversed. Well if you put that networking gear in a rack with servers that really messes up the entire airflow infrastructure for data centers. This is an example of systems not being designed holistically with the single end goal in mind. That's changing on the networking side. It's changing on the storage side and I think that's a good development. We still have some ways to go in that line though. And we talked about the pods earlier and the vision was to get PUE down to whatever it was 1.2 or 1.0 was something just absurd. Today it's obviously substantially higher. I think a lot of people four or five years ago didn't really, weren't aware that most of the power and cooling went to non-IT equipment. Or most of the energy consumption went to non-IT equipment for power and cooling. And so are you seeing that you're attacking that problem or is it still too early? I think we are attacking that problem. I think we're looking, at least I can talk about my research what we're doing is really taking a view of if you have a data center in a certain location you should use local resources that are available in that location for both powering the data center and for cooling the data center. So if we're in a reasonable climate actually Las Vegas is not that unreasonable either we could use outside air to cool the data center. Seems ridiculous in the daytime but at nighttime it gets quite cool. And if you couple that with maybe a multiple different ways of cooling the data center what we call a cooling micro grid you could really optimize how we cool the data center. We can optimize how we power the data center if we have different means of generating energy. So I don't have to go to Iceland to use ambient air. We're saying you don't need to go to Iceland and place the data center in Iceland. There are plenty of opportunities to get very low PUE values anywhere in the world if systems are designed correctly. What do you make of Facebook's sort of opening up its data center design knowledge and intellectual property? What's your take on that? I think what they're trying to do is demonstrate best practices and share those best practices. And I applaud them for that. I think that's largely what we're trying to do here with the work that we do at HP Labs and the work that we're doing in our research group around net zero energy data centers. We're now sharing what we're doing and that's our best practice.  I mean, they're cool. But at the same time like I said you're doing a lot of work. As they open it up, do you look at things and say wow, that's interesting or I hadn't thought of that that's exactly what we're doing. How does what you're doing compare to what these web giants are doing? A lot of the web giants on the cooling side, for example, are utilizing local resources like we've been saying. So they're using things like outside air to cool their data centers. Some of them are starting to go towards renewable energy now. And that's something that we've been advocating for a long time. So we do share best practices. We all, I was at conference last week where I met with my Facebook counterparts, for example. And we talk all the time HP collaborates with Facebook and they do with us. So talk about the water too. Water was a topic that's interesting because obviously it's scarce resource when you think about it as well. Any sharing data about how people are using water? I mean, are going away from water? Is it the trend? Well, I think that's a great question because I think people tend to focus so much on energy and they don't often realize that there's an overlap between water use and energy use. Water and energy are very interrelated. What water is used to create energy? If we think about a coal-fired power plant or hydro, something like that, water is used to deliver those electrons to our data center. And we need to start bringing that into the equation. And also as people go global, there's some countries that water, like India, for example. I mean, if you want to serve India, water's not really a good option, is it? Water's not a good option. So if you're looking at cooling technologies that heavily use water like evaporative cooling in India, not a good option. So we, again, it goes back to the philosophy of looking at what local resources are available and utilizing those and not overusing those. Let me ask you about a different tactic. I know you're on the mechanical engineering side, but this is a lot. The waters, Greg's going to be moving water around some mechanical issue and asking the data center facilities is that power and cooling includes water. Let's talk about, let's change here, let's talk about the user experience. With mobility, right? You have people who want to access data in the hinterlands of India to war on the road. Geography's important. You really can't have a data center everywhere. You obviously have networkings, you have wireless technologies helping, but how does that change the data center philosophy? I think, one of the things that we're trying to do with our research is extend the reach of IT services globally to those who don't have it today. India's a really great example. There are people in India and Africa, many of whom are connected through mobile technology, but they don't have access to IT services. They have access to telephony and those types of services. So how do we get services to them? And that's a large part of what we think about. And you can't have data centers everywhere, but if you do have data centers in places like India and Africa, you have to place them and operate them in ways that are really self-contained. We can't put a power grid throughout Africa to power data centers. We need to think about taking them off the grid and looking at ways to do that through some of the work that we're doing. We're trying to- That's serious science too. I mean, that's a hard challenge. It's a very hard problem and it's something that we've been working on for a long time, we feel strongly about. And think about a pod, for example. A pod's a good example of this. Let's take a pod and place it in Africa. Well, now how do you power that pod? How do you cool that pod? Solar, man, maybe solar. Maybe solar, maybe wind, maybe biogas. Biogas is very interesting because there are farms in Africa and India where we could collect manure and turn that into biogas, convert that into electricity, power the data center. So this again, changes the definition of mobility, not just being a mobile user, it's mobile data centers, mobile IT services. And it's challenging. And I think this is one of the most interesting areas right now in the world because people don't usually think about it. Yeah, and I think it goes back to what we were talking about before. We have to be able to reduce energy consumption for IT. That's a big problem. That's what we're working on. The other thing we're working on is if we think about solar to power a data center, that signal and that generation capability is not constant. It varies throughout the day. So how do we best mesh demand for energy with the limitations of supply? My last question, because now we're getting tight on time here. It's going to circle back to the big data conversation because Splunk went public and that's kind of a poster child for the data center world, I guess in terms of big data, machine data, logs, log files, but talk about more about big data outside of that kind of log file kind of analysis. There's probes, you got instrumentation going on in the network. I mean, there's a lot of mechanical engineering and software involved in measuring these systems. If you're going to have an operating system, you got to have subsystems, you got to have interconnections, you got to have, you know, the equivalent of building an operating system. So big data has to play a role in that in real time. It does play a role. We can't control resources if we can't sense how they're being used and that extends from the IT layer all the way out to the physical layer. So what we need to do in terms of resource management is measure utilization, measure how applications are being used, how they're utilizing resources. What's the coolest thing, example, you can share about big data from your world being used today? I think if you look at the data that we're collecting in data centers now, we have about 50 plus temperature sensors in each of our servers. Aggregate that at maybe 100 per rack and 1,000 racks in a data center. How do you aggregate all that data and make any sense out of it at all? I think that's a cool application, being able to do analytics on that and then sharing a very precise recommendation with the customer. Change this crack, or this air conditioning unit to a certain temperature, a certain flow rate based on all of that data coming in. That's a value that we can provide to customers and to users. HP, Oshly, great work. Really, we've been following HP Labs. It's just one of those understated resources within HP. You guys doing great work. Congratulations for the folks out there. HP, great leader, recent announcement. NetZero data center, they got a new data center walking the talk, eating their dog food, drinking their own champagne. Great stuff. And I think DCIM is something going to be a topic that we're going to hear more and more outside of the vertical of just data center. So congratulations. Thanks for coming inside the cube. We'll be right back after this short break.


You don't trust that you're powerful enough to report to the police. Put the aircraft here, put the aircraft in front of back to the left, back to the right. Falling the power, you see the raptor, you see the raptor. The loading roll!


Hello everybody welcome back to another Adobe Photoshop CC 2021 tutorial. In this one I'm going to show you how to apply an adjustment layer to only one layer or a single layer and not the whole stack. In this finished version you'll see that I've made the lady on the left here black and white but the background and the lady in the foreground is not and I'm going to show you how to do that so let's just go ahead and delete the top layer here and we're going to go and start from scratch so the first step here let's even delete the mask why not right okay let's go ahead and do it all the first step actually I'll show you is we want to mask out this lady the two ladies first so let's just do that the first one here you want to go to make sure you're on the top image go to select and go to select subject and this works quite well yeah I'll turn the top layer off so you'll see that we're working on this lady's outline here perfect click the mask button you'll get rid of the background and it did a pretty good job we'll turn the top layer on we're going to go to select subject again and again this isn't really part of the tutorial but I might as well show you while I got you you've selected the subject click the mask button perfect okay now this next trick is we want to make this lady here the one on the left black and white so we're going to but we don't want the rest of the image to be black and white so normally what you'll do is you'll go to adjustments die they're down here and select black and white and when you do that it applies to the whole thing and this is where it goes wrong and this is what I'm going to show you and or you can go actually up to your libraries and go to the adjustments and make it you can add it in there as well but we did it this way now the trick and the whole trick to this is to create a clipping mask hold down the alt key if you're on a pc option key if you're on a mac and when you do that you're going to see the arrow down and the little rectangle square there when you when you see that and you're hovering between the two lines here left click that's it it creates a clipping mask to the layer beneath it and that way you can make that object and or pardon you can make that layer and only that layer uh uh affected by the adjustment layer now I can or I can show you one more thing let's say we've got this lady here we want to do something to her instead I'm going to go ahead and increase the brightness and contrast of her normally I would left click on this and it creates a brightness and let's really jack it up way the heck up and presto it's cool but it applies to this layer and the layer beneath it again holding down the alt or the option key just hit that wait till you get the arrow down and the little rectangle or the square left click on it she's now has the adjustment applied only to her the lady at the top here and the left side has only the black and white adjustment applied to her and the background layer stay the same that's the whole thing in a nutshell guys thanks for watching a ton more stuff coming up stay tuned


This is the largest package. I think we've ever opened what's up guys nothing to see here Just me and a large package that we're gonna be opening and I have no idea what's inside I think it might be a collection, but we're about to find out I'm gonna do y'all a favor and open this thing and get everything out, you know off-screen, so you're welcome We do have a giveaway these three cards Just like the video be subscribed and let me know what you think said the box We are already encountering some unexpected items. Look at this a Kyba collectable trading pin This is a good start to whatever this package is. I really have no idea I think it was a collection, but now I'm seeing this and now I'm not sure another Kyba check out this Yugi one Okay, that's pretty sick. There is a giveaway package, so I'm guessing this is like a collection. What oh my goodness No way a sealed sacred cards game for the giveaway. Okay, this thing's taking my hand. Wow So double giveaway today. I got something else stuck to my finger So a sealed sacred cards video game all you have to do is enter the giveaway like the video be subscribed and just leave a Comment about something about sacred cards or maybe a video game that you guys enjoyed. That's pretty crazy That's a great giveaway. There are multiple boxes in this thing So we're gonna have to cut all of them open see what they are inside. We have a bunch of Sleeved cards. Oh look magicians force first edition cool. It's just like a magician's force. Oh, oh Magical scientists and wave motion cannons. That's actually pretty nice stuff from first edition packs of magicians force Which are extremely rare and hard to find now. So these are probably actually worth a few bucks each. Okay. What could these be? Time wizard nice. Oh dark magician girl. That's the Korean one, but still has a lot of values. That's a good one Oh, Jen. So is that a reverse? I think that's a reverse. Yeah, check this out. All right Here's a regular secret where it goes this way the lines of the secret rare this one as you guys can see goes this way Which is very very cool. All right now What is in these master monk at the penguin soldiers try horn dragon very cool That appears to be I can't tell if that's a reprint or not. We'd have to take it out That's definitely a reprint guide the dragon champion vampire Lord that one looks like an old school one Terri King Archfiend of Madura different dimension the Mirage Terri King Archfiend reflect Bounder. I love reflect Bounder That's a cool card and of the scapegoat. What's on the rest? Oh the blue eyes white dragon from JMP. Nice Dark magician girl that has decent. I think like 30 bucks each and these lost art promos Anti-Rigecky from TP3. That's a valuable card. There's a okay Korean dark paladins. Very cool We've got some more Korean cards. I really like the prismatic foiling on the Korean I wish they would do that they do it. I'm gonna do it for the the 10s But I wish they did a little bit more and Korean red eyes Gaia Dark magician exodia very nice. So pretty nice stuff to start this thing off already. We have another box All right, I always find it a little bit Kind of gross you have a paper towel in there I mean, I know it's it's not used but you know, it's just that the thought of a used paper towel in there You know what I mean? So, yeah, we'll get over it, but let's let's see Okay, it looks like these are just a bunch of random cards You have 90 sailing is actually worth a little bit a couple dollars spirit reaper. I'm very nice cards We got a lost wind. Oh, yeah lost wind Patrol Robo. I mean, this is a lot of old-school. Oh Sasuke Samurai is an ultimate rare imperial order seeker. We got a Mobius That's awesome. Just a ton of old-school stuff right here dark necro fear machine King Necro Valley This is just a ton of old-school nice foil cards and then you know common follow-in nice dark mimic That's an ultimate rare. We'll get the saw the Ninja Grandmaster Sasuke That is an empty sleeve. See yaru that that card's been through the ring. I mean check that thing out Yeah, you can even feel it Don's aloof dark necro fear is very cool sinister serpent Oh another dark necro fear just a ton of old-school classics in here, which is nice so far. This has been a pretty cool collection I mean, I am definitely interested in this so far. It's very cool metamorphosis These are all like $10 cards in near men. I think or maybe even a little bit more than that fiend comedian We got the hungry burger very nice We got the sky the parrot dragon these card used to be a lot But it got a reprint. I think I'm like Kaiba or maybe was Yu-Gi. I can't remember So that brought it wasn't it wasn't you it was later was either maybe it was Joey I don't know, but it was pretty expensive Jamming waves invoked Kaliga beat all the good old fur hires if you remember those undue links Backup soldier prohibitions pretty good cosmo queen a classic mcdonald's wears our millennium shield Oh, it's right there right behind us. It was you. Let's see what is in these another necro fear This guy was a huge necro fear fan man-eater bug the mystical elf We got it. These are all reprints right here other than necro fear, which doesn't have a reprint Or at least not a recent reprint. What oh, that's the sleeve. I was like this rarity is crazy But it's just the sleeve. Okay the artificial rarity. I like it that makes them look cool pot of read You can even make your commons look nice, which is awesome per machine king massive restrict. What is this? Oh the mass beast desiccadious. I always love that one. Oh the secret genzo. That's cool and another night of sale Man some really nice stuff in here. I mean like we're not talking huge money, but we're talking cool stuff Oh, there's more hollows are these hollows? Wow, I mean these are like Old-school hollows and they're unsleeved, which is interesting. We got the dark piercing light cool I mean I see why that one's not sleep Back of soldier. I mean these are not in terrible terrible condition for the most part other than the bent one But pretty nice stuff here Unfortunately, they are in the the old flipperoo where that you know You go a few cards you have to flip it upside down and they're backwards and okay I say that now I jinxed it into being the the right way first edition dark crisis sukiyomi's like five bucks That's pretty good Dark or nightmare horse. These are getting more into the starter deck comments. Okay. Here's a couple more foils Messenger of peace goddess of whim torrential. That's that's a pretty big one right now. I mean it's pretty useful It's always been a very good card to koichi always love that one It's a little bit shifted on the seven tools, which is cool and spellbinding circle a lot of old-school stuff here Revival Jam got the sleeve treatment. Somebody wanted to sleeve that one. We got a trap jammer That's a reprint a few comments from dark. Oh the Kaiser Coliseum that card is very very annoying But also very good final countdown a lot of those skilled white Caribo the school sheep Manju the thousand hands skill dream rice and she the relinquish got to love that card and back up soldier a few more cards Man a lot of foils in these unsleep that was not expecting that usually it's all common So you know where I'm Drake pretty hard one to find actually if you try to open a box and pull it Curse of the mass beast man mass beast all over the place. Let's flip these around more mass beast Man, they're all over the place There's a upside-down foil after genocide very cool because they changed the name The woodlands right And then some sandwiches very cool very cool stuff overall has been a pretty sweet collection We still have like two more boxes like large boxes coming in here.  That probably means they're not like crazy We're gonna check a couple of them see if we miss it like miss anything All right We'll check a couple of them and make sure that they don't have like foils inside if they if they just like Rares and stuff. We're probably not gonna go through all of them on a video. Let's see. We got dark core Okay, MFC. So these all MFC. Okay, L O N So these are just all rares. I guess fatal abacus. You got the turtle Tigre. Very nice. Okay, all rares It seems which is pretty cool. You know, they're nice and organized hard armor Okay, we're getting into comments. Your reasoning is a pretty good one actually It's a bunch of old school stuff prohibitions actually really good Okay, and yeah, much rares Alright, let's see if these are any different. We got a bunch of spirit message the L Okay, spiritualism Okay, some more commons here. We're not even gonna bother flipping all these comments Yeah, it looks like mostly commons in here. Let's see if anything's different here some rares All right. Yeah, so this is all gonna be rares and commons in this box and we still have this whole box I suspect it's gonna be commons, but we'll see. All right inside here We have just a bunch of sleeved up commons and then it looks like down here There is a couple of boxes of commons So that looks like we hit the good stuff at the very beginning, which is fine I didn't realize that I was going in that order, but that's okay. We did see some pretty cool stuff in this collection Let me know in the comments how much I should pay for this collection. I assume that I'm buying this I got to make sure that this came from where I thought it did otherwise I'm gonna be very confused, but we'll find out if you enjoyed the video Don't forget to subscribe to channel for more epic videos. Shout out to TCG trusted cards to info show tomato juice Cody Jay Hawaiian Yu-Gi-Oh Stanley Mike Nats amendment get go. Thank you guys for supporting the channel, and I will see you guys later peace


Hey, what's up, guys. We're in a new episode of Talk of the Town. Today we got a special guest, Ron Lido. Yo, the Bob Watch Out Spin move. So let the people know, where you from? I'm from Queens, but being Brooklyn all the time, like Brooklyn raised me for real for real. East New York. But you still jacking Queens? Yeah, in fact, North Side, Jamaica Queens. That's a fact. OK, OK, OK. So when did you get into music? I been doing music like 2015 for real for real, but I ain't really taking too serious.  When the jail came home, I don't want to really get into the jail shit, but I came home, started taking it more serious. Me and my boy Drew started going crazy, and then from there just started going wild after that. Like music started taking over, the views started going up. I'm like, oh yeah, that's what we're doing.  So how long you was in jail for? I did a year. OK. And then, so you was writing in there?  OK, OK. So when you came out, what was the first, what's it called?  So when you came out, what was the first song you did? The Fresh Out, featuring Drew Form. OK, so from that song to now, how do you feel like you improved as an artist? I think I did good.  Fresh Out did like 40K views, probably on like 50 now. So it's definitely improvement, like going on. So I'm jacking it, people jacking it.  Oh, yeah, definitely, I feel like, yeah, yeah, definitely. My flow, I'm definitely affecting my flow.  So if you had a playlist, or if someone was the place in the playlist, what kind of artist would you compare yourself to, or in a sense? Or what vibe would you say, club vibes, street vibes?  Like, I dropped the tape and all the happy with dying with me. That's out now on old platforms, too. That's like calm vibes. I'm not really on the drill type music all the time, but I can get into that field if I want you to feel me. But I'm really on the club type of vibe. Okay, so what is it? You just don't wanna do drill music? You feel like it's over-saturated? No, I just know that I don't wanna do it. It's not my lane, like. Okay. Yeah, that's not what I really do. I don't drill rap. Okay, so when you in the studio, like how do you get into your vibe? Like what inspires you to make a song? It depends on how I feel when I get to the studio. And that's the type of song I'm gonna make that day.  Okay, okay. So you got a lot of songs with drool. Would you say y'all like a dynamic duo? Yeah, respectfully, I ain't going long. Like I do my numbers alone, but when me and bro do our thing, like I should just go crazy. So it's like, why stop? Why not keep giving that shit? They want it and it's fire every time. So yeah, definitely. It's a movie. Okay, so the song, watch out, Honey K plus. And y'all got to dance to that song. We feel like the dance definitely helped the song.  Like we don't really have no dances to none of our music. So I was like the first one. So it's on TikTok, you know what I'm saying? So how did the dance come about? Oh, it came about when I was making the song. I'm like, y'all need to make a TikTok song. So I'm just like, pick one. Can't you? So who made the dance though? What's that mean? I made the dance for real for real. Okay, okay. So you was busing dance rooms? Yeah.  No, yeah, I made the dance for real for real. So you officially made the dance? And shout out to the dancer too.  So yeah, once she did it, everybody else was like, oh no, I'm about to go tap and do it too. Speaking of that, you guys got any collabs on the way? No. Not yet? Yeah, probably so. You know what I'm saying?   Well, maybe you might get a remix to watch out. Yeah, remix won't be crazy.  That makes it gonna be crazy though. Okay, okay, okay. And in your song, happy you doubted me about a real, was that about a real situation in life? Happy you doubted me. That's like the whole, that's the whole tape for real life. That's the whole mix tape I dropped. Yeah. It's happy you doubted me. It's like happy you doubted me. So whoever thought I couldn't do what I was doing, I'm happy you doubted me because I'm doing it anyway for me. Like I'm elevating as I go. Like my craft is definitely starting to perfect it, like finding my lane. So do you feel like you're underrated? I mean, you don't like when people, like what do you think about that? I wouldn't say underrated, cause if I was like, I still got more music to put out. You know what I'm saying? Like I only got like four videos out of a couple of songs out for me. When once I start really apportioning, going crazy doing what I really do, saying that's when the outcome going really show up. That's what I'm on now. We're going crazy right now. We got a lot going on. Okay. I wanna know your songs.   Like what would be a description? Wifey material, man. What does that, what does that mean? Cook clean, cook clean. No one is staying in the crib homebody, not homebody, but you know what I'm saying? But just don't be doing the most.  Okay, okay. No doubt, we ain't doing that. No doubt, as you see.  I'm weak. So what's your favorite song that you made so far? Right now it's Watch Out with Mike on Law.  You don't got no unreleased that you like. Oh yeah, I got Matt. Yeah, hell yeah, I got Matt unreleased about to drop down. I ain't going to lie.  Oh you have a favorite unreleased song that we should look out for? Yeah, I definitely do. Name? Now we ain't dropping no names, we ain't dropping nothing yet. No names, no nothing, but stay tuned for that. Watch out, stay in the mood, hold on. Okay, so people like y'all beat selection. Like when you picking songs and making songs, what grass for you two would beat? Like what makes you like, yeah I got to cook up on this? I mean like, like I said, it depends on my mood. If I'm trying to make like a drill song or something like that, we going to go to some drill beats. But when I'm in my mood, like my happy you doubted me tape, that's like album mode, like songs like that, like radio play, you know what I mean?  Okay, so you shoot with more to be commercial artists? Yeah, definitely. Okay. Facts. All right, so you got a song called 2am in Miami. Yeah. How did that song come about? Oh, that was just a vibe. I'm in Miami 2am, let me hit the stew.  Facts. So in 2am Miami, you said you're not dissing. I ain't dissing on no cloud. Not dissing to increase streams. Yeah. So explain that. I ain't dissing on the dead to get no cloud of all my streams. Basically, I'm not mentioning nobody that's dead to get, to go viral, feel me?  So what's your thoughts on people that do that? I mean, I really don't mind. They can do what they feel to do, feel me? I just don't do it. I'm just letting them know what I'm doing, respectfully. I'm not dissing on no dead to get no cloud, nothing like that. And I'm not even trying to do none of that anyway. That's giving them too much attention for real for real. Okay. So you're not gonna be no diss track, no time ever. Okay. So your project is out now? Yeah, it's been out since January for real for real. It's doing good though.  Apple Music, Tidal, Spotify, YouTube. It's definitely doing good though. It's happening, happy you doubted me out now. Volume one. So, um, so... I got one drill song going and that's Fresh Out because that's like the first song I did since I came home from it. Other than that, everything is commercial.  All right, since you dropped so early this year, would you do another project this year, or are you gonna wait? Oh no, I'm about to drop a project.  I'm gonna do it more for like the streets, this project though, for me like more party, more drill, more for the females, like do the mingles too.   So like that, summertime.  All right, you haven't released date yet? No. You still cooking up? No, my boy drew about to drop a tape. So we waiting on that.  Okay, so y'all going back to back like that? Yeah, back to back side and side. That's a fact. Okay, okay. So tell the people where to find you and to find your music and all that good stuff. On Instagram, official underscore, R-A-H-L-I-T-O. I'm on all platforms too. Raleigh though, follow me on the gram, get with me. Ain't gonna lie tomorrow, let's do. We got a big show coming out. We about to go crazy. Me and Drew about to go on tour too. So make sure y'all tap in. We're going to Four Cities movie. Starting June 20, 21st. Let's see if you remember. Let's see if you remember. June 21st, now we going on tour June 21st to the 27th. Yeah. Yeah. Shout out DJ Drew Ski and all that. That's a big fact. Going viral.