Today, we begin our lecture with the advantages of involute profile. Because of these advantages, we find involute profiles are most commonly used in mass produced gears. So, advantages involute gear tooth profile. In our last lecture, we have already seen that a pair of involute profiles can maintain the conjugate action, that is, it satisfies the fundamental law of gearing, that is, it maintains constant angular velocity ratio between the two shafts. So, first and foremost is maintains conjugate action. However, as I said earlier, this is not so much of importance, because if one is given any smooth curve as one profile, one can find another profile which will be conjugate to the given profile. So, this is not the unique choice of involute profile which maintains conjugate action. There are other advantages of involute profile over and above that it maintains the most fundamental requirement, that is, maintaining conjugate action. The second advantage is that operating pressure angle is constant. If you remember, in our last lecture, we denoted this operating pressure angle by the symbol phi, which is the angle between the line of action and the common tangent to the pitch circle, maintains constant pressure angle. Operating pressure angle is constant. We will get back to the same figure which we discussed last time to show what is the advantage if the pressure angle remains constant, what is the consequence of this pressure angle remaining constant. And the third advantage is that a pair of involute gears maintains conjugate action even if the centre distance between the gears are changed. That means we have a pair of gears, we can mount them with a little different centre distance even then this conjugate action will be maintained. Even if centre distance between the two gears, that is, between a pair of centre distance between the pair of gears changes. These two points, as I said, I will explain with reference to the figure that we discussed last time. And the last but not the least, the most important reason why involute profiles are so common is that ease of production. Why it is easy to produce involute gears? Because gears are produced, gear teeth are produced by a process called generation. That is, again we use the conjugate action but not between a pair of gears but between a rack and a pinion. And it is the conjugate rack of an involute profile is a straight tooth rack. If we have an involute profile, we will see this later that the conjugate rack tooth, if this is a rack whose tooth profile is straight, then it can maintain conjugate action with an involute gear and it is such a straight sided rack cutter is used to produce the involute tooth profile on a circular gear blank. This is, I can say, it is an involute rack which is used as the cutter and on the cutter it is much easier to produce straight size than any complicated curve and it is this involute rack cutter which can maintain conjugate action with an involute tooth profile of a gear. So this is called involute rack cutter. Why the involute of a rack is a straight line? This point again will be cleared in today's lecture a little later that the involute of a straight line is another straight line. Like we have seen, involute of a circle is a curve who if this radius of the base circle goes to infinity when the gear gets converted into a rack, then this also becomes a straight line. All these points will make clear in today's lecture. So let me get back to that figure where I showed the pressure angle and now will show why what is the advantage of this pressure angle remaining constant in a pair of involute gear tooth profile. Let us get back to this figure which we discussed in our last class.  These are the pitch circles of radius r p 1 and r p 2 and it is the common tangent to the base circle which we call line of action. And this line of action a b makes an angle phi with this common tangent to the pitch circle. This t t is the common tangent to this pitch circles of radius r p 1 and r p 2. And this angle phi what we called operating pressure angle. Now as we have already noted because the line of action just remains a b, this pressure angle does not change as if the profiles are involute. The pressure angles remain constant during the entire interval. Now what is the advantage that the pressure angle remains constant? If we neglect the friction force between the gear teeth which if it is oil and well lubricated friction force is not very large. The driving effort is along the common normal. If this gear is driving this gear then most of the force is acting through this along this common normal. So if this normal force we call say n then the torque that is transmitted is n times the base circle radius. Because this line of action n is along a b and this angle is 90 degree. So the torque acting on this gear 2 is n into r v 2. And if this torque is this is torque that is transmitted to gear 2. Now if this torque remains constant then n remains constant because r v 2 is constant the base circle radius. If n remains constant then you see both the magnitude and direction of this force n is remaining constant which means the bearing reactions here and here because it is the same n which is acting on this gear also. So the direction and magnitude of n both remains constant because phi does not change and if torque is steady torque if we are transmitting a constant torque then this torque is also constant which means magnitude of n is constant because phi is constant means the direction of n is constant which means the bearing reactions while the gears are transmitting a steady torque remains the same which means the bearings are not subjected to any dynamic reaction the magnitude and direction both of the reactions remain same. So long a steady torque is being transmitted. This enhances the life of the bearings which are used to mount these two shafts on the foundation thus the pressure angle remaining constant implies that under steady torque the bearing reactions are not dynamic they are static torque that is the advantage of pressure angle remaining constant. The third advantage you discussed was that suppose this pair of gears right now the center distance is O 1 O 2 suppose this gear remains where it is only this gear is shifted a little bit upward then what we see that it is the same involute profiles will be useful to maintain the conjugate action. Let us see what is the center distance center distance O 1 O 2 is R p 1 the pitch circle radius of the first gear plus R p 2 pitch circle radius of the second gear and we have already noted that base circle radius R b is nothing but R p cosine of phi where phi is the operating pressure angle.  So what we see that so long the gears are same that is the base circle radius remains same R p 1 by R p 2 remains same with the center distance changing it is R p 1 plus R p 2 this quantity is varying which means with varying center distance if the center distance varies the pitch circle radius R p 1 and R p 2 both change R p 1 and R p 2 both change but the ratio of R p 1 and R p 2 that remains same so it is the same angular velocity ratio omega 1 to omega 2 is maintained only thing what changes because R p 1 and R p 2 is changing means phi is changing because R b 1 is not changing and R b 1 is R p 1 cosine phi where phi is the pressure angle R b 1 is not changing because the gears are not changing but with changing center distance R p 1 is changing which means phi is changing because this common tangent if this circle is shifted a little bit upward the common tangent between these base circles will change that means this angle phi will change so pressure angle changes a little bit but the same angular velocity constant angular velocity ratio is maintained by the pair of gears even when the center distance changes a little bit that was the third advantage and the fourth advantage as I said will be explained later when we will be able to show that the involute of a straight line is a straight line that is for a rack to maintain conjugate action with an involute profile the took profile on the rack will be straight like trapezium as we have shown earlier on the board because involute profiles have all these advantages as I said earlier they are almost universally used in mass produced gears and as a consequence of this mass production of involute gears they have been standardized there are various standards but I can mention some typical standards which are more commonly used like bit is standard for involute profile so involute tooth profile some standard dimensions are the most common value of the pressure angle operating pressure angle phi is 20 degrees some old gears which are cast it also had a value phi equal to 14 and a half degrees but these days most gears involute gears will have an operating pressure angle equal to 20 degree similarly the value of the addendum which we defined earlier a is equal to the module where m is module the gear teeth is described in terms of the module of the gear teeth and the standard value of the addendum is equal to module similarly did end up which we denoted by b and which is always more than a the most common value is 1.25 times the module m is the module which is expressed in millimeter for metric radius and a is equal to the module m and b is equal to 1.25 m these 3 standard values we may take if unless otherwise specified as I said involutes are most commonly used and geometry of involute teeth is a very vast subject we are not going to get into all the details of involute teeth geometry but I will give you a little glimpse or a little basic idea of this curve involute which we call involutometry and the result that we obtain from this involutometry we will see will be very useful to determine various proportion of the gear teeth which are involutes. So we can say application of involutometry in gear tooth geometry I repeat we will discuss of course only the very basics of this gear tooth geometry you can always refer to hand books for the details that we like to know. So let me first say what is involutometry suppose this is the base circle with the center here and we start unwinding the string from this base circle from this point a and by unwinding the string I generate this involute. So at this this is the string length which is same as this arc length because this string was wound on to this cylinder and now it has un wound up to this point and this is the involute from this base circle. So the string is tangent to the base circle. So this radius r b base circle radius this is perpendicular to the string at this point the involute takes off radially. So this radius is tangent to the involute at this instant and at this configuration this is the string which is perpendicular to the involute. So the tangent is perpendicular to the string this is tangent this is the tangent at this point say b. This radial line is tangent to the involute at a and this line which is perpendicular to the string at the point b is the tangent at the point b and this angle between these two tangents I call the roll angle theta theta is called roll angle this line does not look like perpendicular so let me draw it correctly this is o so this line is perpendicular to the string this radius is also perpendicular to this string which is tangential so this is parallel to this so if this angle is theta this is also theta the roll angle that is the string has unknown up to this point b while the roll angle is theta this particular point on this involute this is the involute this distance ob is the radius vector let me call it if this circle this difference the base circle of a gear and the gear is rotating about the point o then this particular point has a velocity which is perpendicular to ob this is the direction of the velocity and this is the normal to the involute so that is the line of action so at this point this angle between the normal and the direction of the velocity normal really indicates the direction of the force at this particular point this angle is called psi which will call involute pressure angle this is the angle between the line which is perpendicular to ob and the string at this configuration when I have reached up to the point b please note that this is not the operating pressure angle which we discussed in case of a pair of gears this is only one gear we are talking of one involute we are talking of and this particular angle between the direction of the velocity and the direction of the normal to the involute I call it involute pressure angle now this line is perpendicular to the tangent and this line is perpendicular to the direction of velocity so this angle is also psi involute pressure theta is the roll angle psi is the involute pressure angle theta is the angle between these two tangents at a and b which is same as these two radius at a and corresponding to b and psi is the involute pressure angle so let us say base circle radius is r b and this is the string length is the radius of curvature of the involute at this point b if this is the involute at every instant the radius of curvature is nothing but the string length which has been unknown from the base circle so row is if I call this point c then b c is the radius of curvature row so what we see row is given as square root of r square minus r b square where r is this radius vector of the point b measured from the center of the base circle and if I use this angle as a polar angle to define the involute curve what is this angle that is theta minus psi this angle is theta minus psi and we also see this row is same as this arc length ac because this is the length of the string and this was the original length of the string so ac is nothing but row which is same as r b into theta and also you can see tan psi is row by r b if this angle is 90 degree this is row this is r b and this is psi so tan psi is row by r b we can write tan psi is row by r b and from here we see row by r b is nothing but theta so I can write theta minus psi as tan psi minus psi theta is row by r b and row by r b is tan psi so this angle that the line ob makes with this original radius o a that angle is tan psi minus psi and this is given a name which is called involute function of psi and we can also see r b is nothing but r of cosine psi so we can write base circle radius is related to r as r cosine psi so everything has been found in terms of this involute pressure angle psi which keeps on changing at various points the distance from o I can get as r b by cos psi and this angle I can get as tan psi minus sign psi which is called involute psi is very easy to see that if one gives me the value of psi I can calculate involute psi very simply this is called involute function just like sin cos we call it involute of psi given the value of psi it is easy to calculate involute of psi but not the other way round so for this tables are available just like tables of sine cosine tan log I can get the value of psi if you give me the value of involute of psi by consulting that table now at this stage I will be able to show that what happens to this radius of curvature of the involute profile as r b increases as I said when r b goes to infinity the gear gets converted into a rack so under that situation what is the radius of curvature of the corresponding involute profile so let me now say what is the radius of curvature of the involute tooth profile of a rack rack means where r b goes to infinity we have already got rho equal to square root of r squared minus r b squared where r is the instantaneous value of this distance so if we start from a and go up to some point by changing initial value of r is r r b and then I go to r b plus delta r let us say as I start from a I go a little away from this when r changes from r b to r b plus some delta if I substitute it there what we get we get twice r b into delta r plus delta r squared to the power half this is the value of rho as we go out from this point a now if r b goes to infinity it is obvious that rho also goes to infinity and if the radius of curvature goes to infinity which means this profile has become a straight line that is what we said that if we have an involute rack that the tooth profile from the base circle as it comes out it comes out in the form of a straight line so the tooth profile of an involute rack is a straight line and which can maintain conjugate action with an involute gear or involute pinion and that gives the advantage that I can use such a rack cutter to generate the involute tooth profile on a circular gear blank let me now repeat what we have just now discussed with the reference to this figure this is the base circle this is the center of the base circle and involute is being generated starting from this point a when the involute if I consider a point I here then the string at this configuration corresponds to this line I b which is tangent to the base circle O b is the radius of the base circle which we denoted by r b instantaneous polar radius of this point I I denote by r the tangent at a to the involute is this radial line and the tangent at I is this line the angle between this tangent at I and the tangent at a this angle theta we call the roll angle theta was defined as the roll angle if this I take as a gear and the gear is rotating about the point O then the velocity of this point I is perpendicular to O I say this is the direction of the velocity of the point I if it happens to be a point on the gear and the string which is normal to this gear tooth profile of the involute profile that is the normal to the involute at the point I and the angle between this velocity direction and this normal which is nothing but B I I call psi this is normal and this is the tangent. So, this angle is 90 degree this is also perpendicular to the string B I which is tangent to the base circle. So, this line the tangent at I and this radius O b are parallel. So, this angle is psi then this angle is also psi similarly if this angle is theta this this angle is also theta because this line is parallel to this line. So, theta is the roll angle and psi is this angle now the polar angle of this line O I from this vertical line that is the radius through a initial point this angle which is theta minus psi we defined as involute of psi involute of psi is this angle which is theta minus psi and what we have seen that this length A B is nothing but R B into theta and the string length B I is also equal to A B. So, this row which is the radius of curvature of the involute profile at I the string length is the radius of curvature row this row is nothing but R B into theta from this triangle O B I I can write tan of psi because this angle is 90 degree tan of psi is also row by R B. So, you can write row is R B tan psi which means theta is equal to tan of psi. So, this involute psi which is theta minus psi I can write is as tan psi minus psi then we also found that expression of row in terms of R and R B which we wrote as row equal to square root of R square minus R B square as we draw this involute from starting from this base circle the R changes from R B it increases from R B say by a value delta R then substituting in there cancelling R B what we found that expression of row turned out to be twice R B into delta R plus delta R whole square. So, this clearly shows if R B tends to infinity then row also tends to infinity that means right from the point A as soon as R B R changes from R B to plus small delta R the radius of curvature becomes infinity that is the involute of a straight line when R B goes to infinity this base circle becomes a straight line that is the gear is converted to a rack and the involute profile becomes a straight line because radius of curvature is infinity which tells us a rack involute rack tooth profile looks like a straight line. Just now we have discussed the basic geometrical relationship between an involute profile and its base circle these relations are very useful for studying gear tooth geometry as I said earlier and here we discussed an example. Suppose this is an involute tooth profile which has been generated from this base circle suppose the thickness of the tooth as we see keeps on varying from the base circle up to the addendum circle suppose the thickness of the tooth at any point x which is defined by the polar radius R x this point x is defined by this distance O x and the thickness at this level I denote by T x then when this polar distance changes from R x to say R y I get to this point y and I want to find what is the thickness of the tooth at this level that is T y so T x is given I would like to find T y and R x and R y are given to do this first we note when the involute was at x the string is d x this is the length a d which has become d x and when we come to the point y the string is represented by b y this is the tangent b y is same as the arc length a b so the angle between this O x and O d we defined as the psi so I write it as psi x corresponding to x d is the x d is tangent to the base circle and the angle between O d and O x I call the involute pressure angle at x which is psi x similarly the involute pressure angle at y is the angle between O y and the tangent to the base circle from y which is y b that is what I called psi y we have already seen the base circle radius R b this is also base circle radius R b and this can be written as R b is nothing but R x cosine psi x it is also equal to R y cosine psi y so if you are given the values of R x and R y I can get psi x and psi y now how T x and T y are related for that let me consider this angle A O c O c is the mid line of the symmetric line of this gear tooth O c and the angle that O c makes with O a I call this angle so angle A O c I can write as T x by 2 divided by R x that I am getting this angle this angle is T x by 2 divided by R x and this angle is nothing but involute of psi x at the point x the angle that O x makes with this starting line O a I defined as involute function of psi x so angle A O c is nothing but T x by 2 divided by O x which is R x plus involute function of psi x and if you remember involute function is tan psi x minus psi x involute of psi x tan psi x minus psi x and A O c the same angle I can also write as this angle which is T y by 2 divided by R y so T y divided by 2 R y plus this angle this angle that is the angle between O a and O y which is nothing but involute of psi y this angle is involute of psi y so this plus involute of psi y so if R x and R y are given I can find psi x and psi y from this relation one psi x and psi y are known I can find involute of psi x and involute of psi y because involute function is tan minus the angle involute function of any angle psi x is tan minus psi x minus psi x of course psi x must be measured in radian so from this relationship if T x is given R x is given R y is given I can find T y which is the only unknown because psi x and psi y I have already found out from here and in using the involute function I can find involute of psi x and involute of psi y so thus for the get to geometry as we see if you give me the thickness at any level I can find the thickness at any other level of the same involute tooth profile for continuous transmission of rotation from one gear to another it is obvious that is imperative that a pair of teeth must remain in engagement before at least until the next pair of teeth comes into engagement it should not happen that one pair of teeth has lost his engagement and the next pair of teeth has not come in engagement because then there will be no transmission so to maintain continuous transmission of rotation from one gear to another it is imperative that a pair of teeth must continue to be engaged must continue to remain engaged at least until the next pair of teeth has come into engagement this phenomena is studied in terms of a geometrical quantity which we call contact ratio let me now define the contact ratio and try to get the expression of this contact ratio so we study contact ratio for involute tooth profile we use the symbol m c indicate the contact ratio let us say this is one base circle and center of this gear is at o 1 and the center of the other gear is at o 2 this is the other base circle base circle 2 if you remember that it is the common tangent to this pair of base circles if I draw the common tangent to this pair of base circles that defines the line of action this is a and this other point of tangency is b so we know the contact between a pair of gear teeth will always lie on this line a b now let us talk of one tooth of this gear suppose this gear is rotating this way and to the teeth action by teeth engagement it is rotating this gear in this direction so if we consider a tooth on this gear the first it comes into engagement at its outer circle of the addendum circle and because the contact point must lie on this line when the addendum circle when the addendum circle comes here in contact with this line a b that is where the contact starts on this face of the gear tooth this is one gear tooth now how long the now this gear starts rotating this way how long this tooth will remain in contact with the tooth on the other gear gear number one so long the outer circle of this gear is in contact so this is the addendum circle of the gear one let me call it radius r o 1 that is the outer radius of gear one and this is b one so the contact will as this tooth rotates this tooth comes here and when it the tooth on this gear which is pushing it let us say here this tooth comes and rotates and when this outer circle leaves this line the contact is lost with this particular gear so if I draw this tooth here this is where the contact is lost so this particular pair of teeth is in contact as this contact point moves from this point say e to this point say f the contact between this pair of teeth this one and its mating tooth starts the contact when the addendum circle of this lower gear gear two this is the addendum circle of gear two and this is the addendum circle of gear one when the addendum circle intersects line a b at the point e the addendum circle of gear one intersects the line a b at f so this pair of teeth is remains in engagement from e to f what we should ensure that before this point is reached the next tooth in this gear must come in engagement must come in engagement that is outer circle must intersect here for the next tooth to do this let me define what we call base pitch we consider this is the same tooth we are considering but now let me consider two consecutive tooth on one gear if you remember that we define the circular pitch on this pitch circle going from one point to another identical point on the adjacent tooth measured along the pitch circle this is what we defined as pp which is 2 pi rp where rp is the pitch circle radius divided by the number of tooth similarly you can define base pitch that is this point and the identical point on the next tooth but on the base circle this distance is called the base pitch we call it pb base pitch that is 2 pi base circle radius divided by n and if you remember rp is nothing but rp cosine phi where phi is a operating pressure angle now what is the movement along the base circle of this particular teeth from the start to the end of the engagement that is given by this circular measure on the base circle this is the rotation that is the distance covered by the this particular tooth from the start of its engagement to the end of its engagement the rotation is such that it covers so much distance on the base circle to maintain contact between two pair of teeth that is before this contact is lost the next pair must come in engagement this distance must be more than this base pitch this distance if I defined is that pb then this distance must be more than pb such that the next tooth has come up to this position because the distance along the base circle between this tooth and the adjacent tooth is the base pitch when this point comes here that point must come above this point that means this circular distance must be more than the base pitch let me call this point s and t so to maintain contact all the time between these two pair of gears between this pair of gears s t must be more than base pitch and it is this ratio s t by base pitch which I defined by pb which I have defined just now must be more than one and we defined m c as s t by pb what is s t that is the movement of this tooth along the measured along the base circle from the start to the end of the engagement to calculate s c we proceed as follows this is what we call the pitch point p where the common tangent the line of action intersects this line of centers o 1 o 2 now because this is the involute I can say and this is the tangent to the base circle b t is nothing but b e b t that is the distance along the base circle is same along the length of the string b t is same as b e same way I can say b s is same as b f this is the distance along the base circle and this is the length of the string so I can say b s is same as b f if I subtract I get s t is same as e f and the contact ratio m c which was defined as s t by pb I can write this as e f by pb the expression of pb we have already written p b is base pitch 2 pi r b by n where n is the number of teeth and r b is the base circle radius which is same as 2 pi pitch circle radius cos phi where phi is the operating pressure angle that is this angle and also this angle is same as this angle so we have got the expression of m c in terms of e f by p b p b is given by that expression now let me try to write e f in this way as e f plus a e plus e f plus f b I have added a e e f f b so I subtract all these three so minus a e minus a e plus e f plus f b e f is this e f I have added a e e f f b I have subtracted a e e f f b e f plus a e as we see e f plus a e is nothing but a f similarly e f plus f b is nothing but b e and a e plus e f plus f b is nothing but a b what you can see what you can see what is a f this angle is 90 degree because this is tangent this is radius so a f I can write square root of o 1 f squared minus o 1 a squared and what is o 1 f nothing but r o 1 this is the random circle that is how we determine the point f so o 1 f is nothing but r o 1 and o 1 a is r b 1 so a f I can write square root of r o 1 squared minus r b 1 squared the same way I can write b e what was e that was the random circle of this gear so o 2 e is nothing but r o 2 and this is r b 2 so b e I get r o 2 squared minus r b 2 squared minus a b a b is this angle is 5 so o 1 f minus a b is this angle is o 1 p sin 5 is a p similarly o 2 p sin 5 is b p so o 1 o 2 sin 5 will give me a b o 1 p plus o 2 p is o 1 o 2 that is the center distance and a p plus b p which is a b if you take sin 5 o 1 p sin 5 you get a p o 2 p sin 5 you get b p so this is the center distance which I write as c is sin 5 where c is o 1 o 2 so I get e f in terms of base circle radius and the outer circle radius random circle radius similarly base circle radius random circle radius of both the gears center distance between the gears and the operating pressure angle and this divided by p b which again I express in term the operating pressure angle number of teeth and the pitch circle radius this I should have taken second gear so 2 pi r b 2 n 2 so 2 pi r p 2 n 2 and r p 1 and n 1 it is the same so r p 2 by n 2 is same as r p 1 by n 1 so it is the same expression we have to take the pitch circle radius and put the number of teeth of the same gear so that gives me the expression for the contact ratio the recommended value of the contact ratio for a pair of involute gears is 1.4 what does that mean this is a not an integer what does it mean that during some phase of the contact only one pair of teeth is in contact for certain other phase of contact at least two teeth is in contact because there must be a region when two teeth must be in contact so that continuous transmission is ensured and on an average 1.4 pair of teeth remain in contact if I consider the entire cycle that is the physical meaning of this contact ratio as 1.4 that on an average during the entire cycle 1.4 pair of teeth remain in contact that means sometimes there is only one pair of teeth in contact and just when the contact is being lost between one pair other pair comes into contact before that so for sometime at least two pair of teeth remain in contact so this contact ratio gives you the average number of pair of teeth that remain in contact during the entire cycle.


what's going on guys welcome to another video and I got a new camera guys I'm really excited I really like it I mean it's really sharp as you can tell I mean the quality the quality is like crazy and I'm just really excited because I haven't really filmed with anything like this before so I just spent a little bit of money on it and I was like I want something that's really high quality that you guys are so gonna love so I'm gonna start using this hopefully the audio is gonna be really really sharp on this I'm praying that's gonna be pretty pretty dang sharp so today me and my buddy Drew are gonna meet up we're actually gonna be going to a pond we're not gonna go on the lake just cuz like you know the traffic especially if you guys are from linear I mean linear's traffic is just ridiculous like linear's traffic is horrible like it's crazy especially now that summer and it's not gonna be horrible so I want to kind of skip that actually just graduated a few days ago so I'm finally done with that and it's time start making a lot of videos to hop into the real world so I hope you guys enjoyed this video let's go ahead and start the vlog and that blows max hey come here what's up I gotta go I'm fishing all right guys just got to extreme and I'm actually I need to grab the key we got to grab a pole so Drew so we're about to just grab a pole cuz Drew doesn't have one and ask him why I don't have one here you telling me want to know all right so so Weston decides to go take his John boat out on one of my buddies lakes and had all Drew stuff you had like some expensive stuff on it like $500 combos and he like tip the John boat and they sunk in the middle of the lake so you don't have no gear anymore so we're gonna grab him a pole to use I'm debating I have these already rigid semi-thous but I need if you take this off you know the slim light bars you put three of them here because you remember that one we saw at the car show so you can put like three slim bars there you go the rock gloves are gonna help get a fit you just gotta that's a really long gun all right guys just got to the pond it's a looking great outside last time I was here caught an absolute giant so I'm really excited about that so we're just gonna get our poles ready what I plan on doing is I told you I'm like let's throw some big baits first let's see if we can get a big bite and so I'm gonna probably throw some swim baits some stuff like that just see what's gonna go on so we're gonna throw some swim baits we're gonna throw some other big baits and we'll we'll figure out what we're gonna do caught this on a fat baby tenets all right guys there's the second fish on a worm we're just kind of switching down slow and down I don't know the fish aren't too active the fish are just some fish actually hidden top water out there so I really don't have that much any top water base with me so might just slow it down to some worms weightless worm shaky heads go from there yeah I thought you had it when it jumped I thought it was monster there you go guys fish number four my weightless Cinco I just kind of stopped throwing that swim bait I was like they're gonna be a little bit slower really small guy but hopefully we can get another giant out of here there you go guys fish number five I actually hooked him and he got me behind that log I thought I was gonna get him stuck but you got him really nice colors on that fish they're really hyper today nice little bass there you go guys I believe those fish six and the weightless worm again I caught them all some rocks out here in the middle of the lake that's actually where I caught my big one in the LTB challenge video and caught them all for the same rocks that looks out of me like five foot all the water yeah tiny one I was really about to reel it in and he ate it I hooked up like five foot all the water I've never seen these fish so hyper these things jump like five foot all the water guys that is crazy oh man there that fish went flying five foot all the water there you go guys that's it I mean it's getting better there's really fun to catch especially on that weightless worm you just fill that tick and they got it so I just throw back all right cast out there man oh no you cast it out that far but you need to watch out the other on your songs all right go man if you cast over there in that cove stop reeling it man let it seem what the hell you got them here on kicking their bass TV we all teach them how to fish yeah your first fish yeah I get on that side we're so make it fun now how's my hair they got a good color zone why is this mouth open up so big I don't know what to say there you go okay oh he's bleeding yeah I want to there you go guys Matty Carter third one really nice colors on that weightless worm still there you go guys that's about my last fish we're about to end out the video all right guys thank you guys so much for watching you guys enjoyed the video please hit the thumbs up button and leave a comment on what you guys want to see next also if you have any tips on the type of videos that you guys want to see definitely leave a comment below but thank you guys so much for watching let me know how you guys like the camera as well I'll catch you guys in the next episode


Hey everyone, welcome back to figure fantasy. So today we're having ear training. So acting training We're gonna start with easy and let's see what the lineup for this one is Okay, so for this one achieve victory deal most damage with Hatsune Miku and clear stage within 30 seconds Which I think is doable. So let's see how this lineup does okay, so I went with with One Vanguard on top and one defender down below then we have a healer then Hatsune Miku, of course so this lineup seems to be holding up and As you can see breakthrough ready, so we have Eight seconds to go to clear this one and we're off Okay, so as you can see there three stars, so and it's going to be all clear Okay, our next one would be normal. So let's see the lineup for this one Okay, guys, so I'm opting with this lineup with a catchy the middle have been Have had a lot of the challenges actually looking for a more stable What do you call this stable middle person for this lineup? most of the lineups that I've used most of Them have died and hopefully this lineup clears it out and I think we're gonna be good with this Akechi has good HP Hopefully my healer does survive and I think we're good We're good with this one. So this is your normal Clear guys, and we have a few seconds left Okay, so we're done. That is three star clears for normal Okay, so we're here at hard. So let's check out my lineup for hard stage ear training Okay, guys, I'm gonna be using this lineup with Albert here. So now that the same a catchy the same Zao Zou Yun the same and Hatsune Miku in the middle. So let's try this out This lineup is a bit challenging because of that the dual Sakura there it's kind of annoying that she does silence and Hopefully we can do something about it and finish this off So so far So good So we have to finish this lineup in about 25 seconds. We're down to the last Five seconds here to clear this out, then we're good Okay, so this is another three star clears and that is it guys for this Challenge and hope to see you guys in the next one. Take care. Stay safe. There's the warden and I'm out of here


One local resident has been named conservationist of the year by the Minnesota Association of Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Jim Brandt of Pine River has been volunteering for countless hours to stabilize the shoreline of Raleigh Johnson Natural and Recreational Area. The islands are located on the Upper Whitefish Lake where Jim has helped plant over 10,000 trees, shrubs and plants. Jim says the best part about winning this award was hearing about all the other projects going on around the state. See these pictures that these people are doing on their farms and all these new you know things these new methods to try to you know grow it and and be you know better for the environment and less erosion and so I mean it's really it was really enlightening. Jim has restored nearly one mile of shoreline on Big Island, Steamboat Island and Little Island. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland news please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Hello, and welcome to another emergency broadcast from the Mantic bunker today. You've got me Rob I hope you've been enjoying all the broadcast so far and today we're talking Vanguard so loads has been going on with Vanguard since it launched way back in November 2018 I think that sounds about right when the world was much safer and far more normal Since then we've launched loads of warbands Abyssal Dwarfs undead goblins the best warband dwarfs Northern Alliance Abyssal's all sorts and As we kind of progress through 2020 that will continue as well We've seen the tournament scene really pick up as well for the game I mean sadly today or this weekend rather we would have had border conflict here in the UK at HQ Which is organized by Sherrod and obviously there was a depticon as well So it's been really good to see the tournament scene pick up We've also had well, hopefully three assuming the world returns to normal three sold out tournaments here at UK at the UK Mantic which was spearhead So we would one two three each one those have been really really good And hopefully that will go ahead in June So yeah loads of really good kind of feedback from people as well lots of people playing around the world, which is great I think one thing we've tried to do is make the game kind of easier to get into than ever before So we've still got the core rules for free So if you want to learn how to play make sure you go to the Mantic website And I'm sure Matt will add a thing below me that says where the free rules are he's nodding and smiling So that must mean yes We've also got the free Warbands PDF and we've updated that to make sure you've got everything you could possibly want in there So all the warbands are now in there and we've even because we're so great Updated it to include the abyssal dwarfs this weekend. I'm saying that now before we've actually done it, but I'm sure It will be fine, and they will definitely be there right now So head to the Mantic website again using that same link and you will find those abyssal dwarfs on there as well I think that's one thing we're kind of going to carry on doing this year is trying to make sure the game is Super accessible with that in mind. We're going to be doing a two-player starter set That's a secret announcement. I'm sure it's fine Ronnie's not well that I say so Ronnie's not here to stop me, but he would probably be encouraging me So yeah, we're going to be doing a two-player starter set So if someone comes into a store they can grab that as everything in there They need to play and then they can start playing the game And then obviously once you've downloaded the free rules if you want to get things like campaign rules extra magic extra items That is all in the rule book And I am delighted to announce that that is currently half price on the Mantic website Including the digital one as well. So if you want to get those make sure you head there and pick them up so in the Previous video assuming these have all gone out as planned Ronnie was talking about the Kings of War campaign the summer campaign this year Hopefully you got all that right and said that it's all about how brilliant the goblins are and how they're taking over the world Matt are you nodding? Great. Yes, he's nodding. That's exactly what he said So what we really want to do is in the kind of spirit or vanguard about these small war bands going out first and kind of You know fighting over the best locations Interrupting supply lines a bit like the kind of you know the one thing that running through the black ops guys kind of going out first So currently the idea is is that will tie into the summer campaign. So we'll have a little mini Vanguard campaign kind of around the outskirts of the Helpy Mountains. They're just arriving. They're scoping things out So if you're a vanguard player, you'll be able to get involved with that kind of play that at the minute We're looking at kind of possibly even tying it into the spearhead event But we'll have more details than that as and when we know that's happening But that's a really exciting thing I think summer campaigns are a really good idea or online campaigns are a really great idea As they kind of galvanize the community and get them all involved. So I'll be doing probably about 10 goblin war bands for that one And I'm sure you'll be doing yours as well. So keep it out for the website or the newsletter I'm gonna blow tomorrow on that as we approach it Obviously one of the most exciting things about Vanguard is when we release a new war band. We've just done the Abyssal Dwarfs, which we're The insanely popular we I think we told three times as many as we were expecting they sold out We've luckily got them back in stock now So if you've been kind of waiting to get your hands on one They're back in stock now on the website and we're starting to send them out to stores, too I think everyone really is excited when we do a new war band And we've kind of hinted. I mean, well, I say hinted. We've basically announced it on the podcast. Thanks to Matt That we the next war band in June is the ogres now Sadly, I haven't got the ogres ready yet here, but I have got some Shield breakers. I'm not gonna show them too much Shield breakers and also some alternate warriors that we're doing as well So they're actually the kings of war, but they will be released alongside the Vanguard war band Which is looking really really exciting. So the RC has been busy working on this one And we've got quite a few new models some of which are based on What you see in kings of war and some of which are totally new So we've got one of the new leaders, which is the matriarch. So that is a female ogre She's in charge of the war band Basically, they're kind of going out there. They're obviously mercenaries. They love a bit of cash as well So you'll see that kind of go through the rules with that in mind. We've got another new character, which is the pay master So that's really interesting character actually currently the rules are that the pay master can put a bounty on your enemy And if you kind of hit that one you get an extra bonus when you're attacking it So I'll be really interesting to see how those mechanics work And then we've also got characters that tie into kings of war So if you've got third edition and you've been playing ogres because they do good combat You will find You've got the berserker bully. You've got the boomer sergeant as well And so what we've done is we thought well, this is a brilliant opportunity to make those models so the berserker bully is kind of like a Punk ogre with a mehican kind of if you've seen the model He's kind of really dynamically slashing down hitting and then we've also got the boomer sergeant, which is probably my favorite model possibly in the entire Ogre range actually he's got a couple of shot sonoff shotguns He's popping the cartridge out of one getting ready to shoot someone else and the rules reflect that as well So I think that's one thing we're really trying to do is we look at the models We think oh my goodness this I mean one of the examples that actually sorry Being check this slightly but the matriarch Originally when we kind of envisioned that one it was kind of she would be kind of yeah Give me some instructions, but then when we got the model.  Let's give us a more kind of stronger rules So you'll kind of see that we've tried to convey that in the rules as well So the ogres are due out in June alongside these extra little bits for Kings of War and then Kind of we're currently working on the next warband after that which although I just said that the ogres are most exciting I think this actually could be the most exciting one yet And that is now hopefully Ronnie did mention these in the previous video Matt's shrugging his shoulders. It will be a racking warband there's already Like a starter rules for those on the website in the PDF. So you've got the warlock You've got the war chief. You've got slaves that kind of stuff, but now we're expanding that with some new models No, I won't say what they are okay, so obviously there's a warlock I'll say that one because that's hopefully been talked about. Um, but yeah We're looking at what we can do for that and the racking one is going to be really exciting So this whole idea of them working as a pack Obviously, they're all together they get on quite well But then there's also the chance that they might fall out and start stabbing each other in the back So that is due for later in the year and then No, I probably can't say what we're working on after that, but you know, we are Super excited about Vanguard. It's done really really well It's one of the most popular kind of three rules on our website consistently So remember again three rules on the website And we've got plenty of exciting plans for the end of this year and into 2021 So brilliant. So thank you very much for tuning in for all the broadcasts and we will see you soon Goodbye


Thanks, Ekta. Let's get this started. My title slide. I appreciate you all coming tonight. I'm a little intimidated to hear that I'm sandwiched in between Keith Morris and Neil Ford. I've written no books, so I'm just a lowly consultant. But hopefully you'll get something out of this tonight. This is a topic that I and my colleagues have been discussing a lot over the last couple of years. And I'll explain all about that. So who am I and why am I qualified to talk to you about this? I'm the head of technology for ThoughtWorks in Australia. So I'm kind of like the regional CTO in Australia. I've done a lot of different jobs in ThoughtWorks over the years. General management and back and forth with consulting. And this is kind of where I've landed. I do a lot of my time as spent consulting with customers. And so I kind of split my time between internal leadership and running the business and being a consultant. And most of the consulting that I've been doing for the last two years at least has been with big enterprises mostly, helping them adapt their enterprise architecture practices to technology delivery organizations where teams are much more empowered to work autonomously, where they work in short iterations, get fast feedback, where teams build, own and operate their own solutions and dev ops and continuous delivery and all those good things. Oftentimes technical leaders don't know where they fit in that sort of an organization. So I've done a lot of work, I guess, with those technical leaders trying to shape what that looks like in those organizations. And I'll have something to say about that in the course of this talk. So I guess I'm kind of a reluctant enterprise architect. I don't really want to take that title on, but it is where when you get enough gray hair and experience, that's kind of where you get stuck a lot of the time. But I'm an inveterate geek, so I really stay in ThoughtWorks and I stay in this job because I love technology, I love playing with technology and programming and everything still. And one of the really great privileges that I have in my role at ThoughtWorks is participating in this thing we call the technology radar. So I and 16 to 20 of my colleagues get together every six months and we go into a room and argue about what goes on this publication, what goes into this publication called the technology radar. I could spend a lot of, I could spend this entire hour talking about the tech radar. So I'm not sure how much to tell you about it. The last one, about six weeks ago, we were in Barcelona that we tried to rotate around and it's some toll of what we observe ThoughtWorks teams doing all over the world. So one of the features, I guess one of the things that distinguishes the tech radar from other publications like certain analyst organizations might publish is that it's grounded in experience. So we're very particular about putting things up there that are of interest to us and that are of interest to people on ThoughtWorks teams all over the world. And we're very particular about only advancing things into the trial ring that have been used and used successfully on ThoughtWorks projects and actually gone into production and been successful enough with them that we would recommend them for other people that we would use them again. It's not intended to be comprehensive in any way, it's the stuff that we do. Obviously, it's not all of technology, we do kind of business software, custom software development, that's our business. So it's focused on that, but as an opportunity, I'm really lucky that I get to get together with these people every six months and connect with them and I've been doing it for a number of years now and I really enjoy it. So if you have any questions about the tech radar and there are some things in there this issue and a lot of what I'm going to tell you today comes out of the conversations that I have with my colleagues at those meetings. But if you have any questions, I'm happy to take them offline or whatever. If there's anything in there, I will try my best. There's about 100 items on there. I'm not an expert in all of them, I have to admit. Anyway, so we're going to talk about platforms. Just roughly I want to talk about what is successful businesses have in common. It's surprise, it's platforms. And what do I mean by a platform? It's a very commonly used and overused term. And what qualities do they have to have to be successful? And then I really want to drill down into this idea of the platform, looking at the platform as an internal product and managing it as you would a product. Because I think this has much wider implications for how we behave as technology organizations. Okay, my animation's got away from me. So this comes out, I guess Star Wars tends to work in two different places. We work with smaller businesses, medium-sized businesses or purely digital businesses. And in Melbourne, I'm from Melbourne, Australia by the way. I know I have an American accent, I'm sorry to disappoint you. But I've lived in Melbourne for many years and Australia is my home. Melbourne, you may not know it, but it's quite a center for technical innovation. And right now there are a number of global technology digital companies, successful digital companies, headquartered in Melbourne. So it's a very tight technical community. So places like realestate.com.au, Envato, A-Connex, M-Y-O-B. These are people in Melbourne tend to move around. It's a very incestuous city that people move around a lot. And we see what those... So we kind of take what we learn and we provide scale to those businesses. We do a lot of the offshore work we do is for those businesses. But the other place we work is in big enterprises, big banks, the big banks in Australia, the big insurance companies, fast food, retail outlets all over the world. These are the kinds of customers that we tend to work for. And a lot of them what we're engaged in is this idea of digital transformation. This is kind of where our business has taken us in 2017 is a lot of the work we do is towards digital transformation because those big enterprises want to be... They want to operate much more like those smaller businesses, like the pure play digital businesses. And the banks, insurance companies, retailers are struggling to deliver at the pace. They're struggling to innovate and to experiment. Because they really... We know that in order to be successful in a digital business, you have to continually roll out new features to your customers and try those out in the marketplace and make decisions based on the success of those features. And you have to do it cheaply and quickly enough that it's not... It doesn't cost you a lot to throw them away when they're unsuccessful. And of course, big companies struggle with this if they're not purely digital start with. But that's not how we usually get engaged. That's how these things... That's the trajectory of how these engagements go and how companies... But we get engaged in different ways. A lot of times people need a continuous delivery. But we go and we try to do continuous delivery. We try to apply continuous delivery and we're happy to do that. But oftentimes what we find is the architecture or the organizational structure doesn't really support continuous delivery. So we struggle to get the full benefits of continuous delivery. Another thing is this A word. We're often asked, as thought works, we're associated closely with this word that I've tried to excise from my vocabulary entirely. But it's because it's misconstrued and abused a lot. So people decide they want to have fast feedback with teams that work closely with the business and have joint ownership of code and those kind of things. But in the end they get maybe 10% of the benefits of Agile that they could potentially get because they don't have the architecture. They don't have the culture. They don't have the operating model within their business to be able to take advantage of Agile methodologies. This is one that we're seeing a lot lately is that businesses want to participate as a platform business. They want to create a platform that sustains an ecosystem externally. They want to participate in external business ecosystems by exposing APIs as part of their business. And it's been interesting to me over the last couple of years that this is coming from the boardrooms. It's not coming from technology. It's coming from the business. They want, they see APIs as the next big thing and we need to participate in this. But they jump into this long before they are able to actually harness the power of APIs internally. So companies that are far from being able to implement APIs, get them used and have a thriving developer culture internally are trying to create that externally. And that's really putting the cart before the horse. So occasionally, very occasionally, we'll encounter a customer that's willing to address these things holistically though, that's willing to address the entire problem. And that's really what's necessary to be successful in this digital transformation. And it's really, it's this idea of digital platforms. Where is my definition slide? How about that? I was playing with my presentation. I have a definition that I will tell you verbally. So because there's a slide in here someplace, we'll come to it later. So I use this idea of digital platform in a very specific way. And it's platforms, we talk about SAP as a platform, or there's all kinds of things that we call platforms and it's a really overused term. We have not enough words in this IT business. So to me, a platform is a set of APIs, tools, knowledge, support, plus an organizational structure and an operating model that enable autonomous teams to deliver digital solutions and digital features quickly and at scale. And it's this idea of supporting autonomous teams because in order to be successful and roll out these digital features, you need to have teams, so a two pizza team. We talk a lot about the two pizza size team, a team that can be fed by two pizzas that is working to deliver digital features closely with the business directly to the customer without having to interact a lot with the rest of the business, without the friction that slows them down and having to coordinate at work. And I'll have a lot more to say about that in a minute. So this idea of digital platform is not just us that's talking about it. This is the blue line is Google Trends for the search term digital platforms over the last two years.  You can see that there was something happen a year ago. I don't know what it was, but something happened about a year ago to really accelerate interest in this idea of digital platforms. There's a lot of people, and almost everybody I talk to in this business either has a digital platform that they're trying to improve or they believe they have one. They are in the process of building out a digital platform or they know that they need a digital platform and they want to build one. I don't think all of those people are necessarily talking about what my definition of digital platform is. They're not all talking about the same thing for sure. But I think there's enough commonality that we can make some generalities about what it is that they need and what it is that... what are the good qualities that one of those things needs to have. Just as an example, like I said, I was just in Spain a few weeks ago and there's the Spanish Bank BBVA. They're a customer of ours. We don't take credit... They have transformed themselves over the last 10 years to be a digital company. They have some very... This is all available on the web, you can go Google it, but they've had some very enviable numbers in terms of converting their brick-and-mortar customers to purely digital customers. The thing that they're able to do is roll out very specific products to very narrow customer segments and do that cheaply enough that it's worthwhile for them to do that. And that's a tremendous benefit to them. They can do, like in Chile, you can apply for a credit card in a few minutes and receive that card in less than 24 hours, which is days faster than it was before that, unheard of. And they credit, at least for part of that success, with having a digital platform, with taking their spaghetti, their spaghetti architecture and transforming that into a digital platform. And there's a lot that's written about this and you can go and read about it yourself or we could maybe make some introductions if you're in the financial services business. Oh, there's my definition. I've got those slides mixed up. How well did I do? Yeah, so the important thing to remember from that definition is it's APIs, it's a big part of it. It's tools, but it's also an organizational structure in an operating model. So why do they work? What is it about digital platforms? This is the picture. This is just trying to describe what goes on. If you work in a big enterprise, you know that your IT systems are interconnected spaghetti that's compute and storage and batch files flying around and mainframes connected together with ESBs and various other things. It's very complicated and it's hard to pull apart and it's very slow to deliver things there. So what we do as IT organizations, we come in and we try to classify those things and architects try and apply layering or categorization or some kind of taxonomy to those. And we put these layers and I've tried to... It's significant. You don't need to understand this necessarily for this talk, but we have very business specific... This is one of the problems that people have, very business specific, line of business or brand specific things facing the customer, transitioning to more generic commodity kinds of systems and the systems of record. And the problem is that those concerns are spread throughout the entire... So things that ought to be very business specific get stored in your core banking system or your core insurance system. And things that are commodities, it's very difficult to break off and manage those commodities as separate systems. We also usually have some kind of underlying operational infrastructure as well. And this is fine except that these boundaries are very blurry. And so when we try to deliver, we're still... Next slide. Whenever we try to deliver a change that's customer facing, it ends up being a slice across this whole thing. And because that, even though we have... Oops, I went too far. You're not supposed to see that yet. Because we have underneath this nice, neat categorization reflected by our organizational structure, our teams in IT, underneath that is that spaghetti still exists. And all that coupling still exists. So we have to deliver in slices, in big enterprises, that are very slow. So all these changes have to be planned out really far in advance and they have to be coordinated very carefully in large programs of work. So even the smallest digital change tends to ripple through the entire organization. It's very slow and it certainly inhibits autonomy. So what we need to do instead is pull... So this is the beginnings of this platform idea is pulling apart specific business capabilities into separate organizational units. So you can think of each of the cubes here as being both an organizational unit and a collection of technology assets, systems assets. So we pull them apart into autonomous units. Sometimes I call them domains. You can call them platforms unto themselves. We've had various names and I've seen various businesses go through this evolution. It's a process and we can talk about how you get there. But this is the ideal. So each of these cubes, whether it's very business specific stuff that faces a customer or if it's commodity things that could potentially be outsourced entirely, each of these has a set of teams that build, own and operate their own technology. And inside is encapsulated a lot of complexity. But between these units, they communicate via APIs. And APIs being very... We'll talk a lot about self-service, but they need to be self-service APIs that are available to anyone who wants to build a solution. So we break up RIT. This is in the ideal case. Nobody gets there overnight. But if you look at these digital businesses, this describes how they're structured in many cases. You break it up into separate autonomous units, each of which exposes some APIs to the rest of the business that they're responsible for certain business capabilities. They own the data in those business capabilities and they are responsible for their software. There may be also some technology foundations that are provided and are shared across the organization, but those also have to be provided via self-service APIs. So this is kind of the idea of the organizational structure and it's this idea of business capability mapping, breaking up the organization, giving people specific business capabilities to be responsible for, and then requiring that they only communicate with each other through APIs. But there is some platform... There is some technology that underlies this that we find to be common across all these businesses. So when people want to become platform-enabled, when they want a digital platform, inevitably they end up building out these digital, these technology foundations. And I'll just go through these quickly, each one of them. We have the customer touchpoint technology. This isn't the channels themselves, but it's common services and technology that's made available to support the customer touchpoints. It's things like frameworks, AB testing frameworks, and the telemetry necessary to be able to collect the metrics to do that AB testing. Content delivery, edge networks, identity management, content management, those kinds of things can be made available via self-service APIs to support these digital delivery teams. APIs are kind of the glue that holds the whole thing together. So when we talk about platforms, APIs are very important because we're creating an internal ecosystem that thrives, that based on interaction through these APIs. So we need to have the right kind of technology to support these APIs. I find that most people embark on an API program. They buy an API gateway, and that's it, they're done. When really the API gateway is secondary or tertiary, it's how you design those APIs. It's how do you describe them? How do you define your contracts in these separate parts of the organization? And how do you test the APIs? How do you deploy those APIs and build out the microservices to back them up? Data is, I think of data as the currency of exchange within the platform. So people come to use the platform because they want to consume other people's data. And in turn, they contribute data back to the ecosystem. And it's that exchange of data encourages a thriving ecosystem internally within your business. And so you need to have certain... I'm up here to attend the Stratoconference, so I've been hearing about this stuff a lot. So having metadata... This is going to become particularly important with privacy laws that are coming into play, right? The metadata standards and reference data knowing where the data is, having catalogs that allow you to find where the data is and who the custodian of that data is within your organization. So everybody's pretty worried about right now, I think. And finally, the delivery... what we call delivery infrastructure. So this is what helps teams build, own and operate their own software. So instead of teams doing programming software, creating a jar, throwing it over the wall for somebody else to deploy and host somewhere else, we're talking about teams actually doing the infrastructure coding, determining where that software is going to run and operating it, maintaining it, answering the pager at night when it goes off. But we can provide help for that. And the platform needs to provide the right kind of help. Environments on demand, cloud-native environments, container orchestration. This is closely related to a lot of the stuff that's on the radar, this issue. So Kubernetes is about to eat the world if you're not Kubernetes. Knowledgeable yet you will be soon. Container orchestration is a generic name but kind of mezos and the others have kind of fallen by the wayside. You need to have the monitoring and alerting capabilities and other ways to support the service mesh. So that's another thing that's in the radar, this issue, that people are going to more decentralized means for managing microservices and APIs. You don't need to host all of your microservices or your APIs in one central place in order to have visibility, transparency and manageability over those APIs. Code repositories, build pipelines, those kinds of things. So everybody ends up building out some of these common elements and embarking on a platform implementation means you're going to have to have some platform teams that help harvest these components and it's all held together though by an operating model and an organizational structure. So it takes, it's not just having those, so many businesses try to put into place those technology foundations but they fail when it comes to the operating model and the organizational structure and the culture that allows autonomy. Having transparency and accountability but also having trust. So trusting people that people will do the right thing but holding them accountable for that and through transparency being able to ensure that they are accountable to those things. So that's a bit of an overview of what we're talking about when I talk about a digital platform at least and how they, and maybe I haven't made that clear I'm happy to go into it some more if people have questions but how they accelerate delivery and how they make it possible to deliver features through small teams working autonomously but they need to have some quality so what is it about platforms that platforms need to be to be successful and I want to, I'm going to be drilling down into one of these in particular but the platform needs to be addressed needs to be treated as an internal product and I have a lot more to say about that we mean it's customer focused and it's compelling people want to use it as opposed to some other external service. Platforms are, let me go back, platforms that they're self-service so all of these APIs, all of this knowledge all of the support needs to be available in a self-service way. You should not have to file a ticket and service now to be able to use somebody else's API you should be able to easily find those APIs they should be easy to use and you can consume this business capability and that business capability to build out a new feature. They enable ecosystems and most importantly it's not something, there are plenty of places that would purport to sell you one of these it's not something you can buy off the shelf this is when a successfully executed digital platform is your crown jewels it is the IP that enables the business and differentiates your business that enables it to leapfrog your competitors and stave off disruption but I really want to drill into this idea of platforms as products I've seen a lot of I'm old as you can see I've worked on a lot of service oriented architecture projects I was around when that term first came into being and I've certainly implemented a lot of based on ESBs and a lot of other things and very few of them I'm sorry to say have been successful I've seen a lot of really unsuccessful service oriented architecture projects and the reason for that is they failed to deliver services as a product they failed to deliver services that were things that people actually could consume and could find and consume instead they just exposed the cobalt copy books as XML and that's never going to be successful so I want to talk about how we can be much more successful with those kinds of engagements this is just talking about what so when I started talking about this idea of platform as a product we think of the products that you see I'll explain this slide in a second think of the products out there things that we consider products they're consumer oriented we know that products are consumer oriented so incorporating the voice of the customer is important they're delivered with a certain level of quality that they have you expect a certain certain kind of quality from a product you expect it to be supported if you have a problem with a product you want to be able to return it you want to be able to file a support request and have it responded to and the products have some kind of brand identity they have you know the providers of products need to reach out and they need to identify their product and give it a brand a shape that you can remember and they need to engage with the customers through that and this is a t-shirt so we just last week we have a big conference every year in Australia the out conference it's kind of like go to conference or some of those others and this is realestate.com.au they're good friends of ours in Australia and they've been they've embarked on this platform journey for some time they've been evolving their digital platform and the architect for the digital platform actually created this brand so Colab this tech building blocks this was the t-shirt that all the REA people wore at the conference last week so it has a logo so this is their platform right it has a logo it has a catchy name and the purpose of this is to get everybody in the organization to realize that the platform is something that they need to support the platform is there for them to use and the platform is something that they need to contribute back to so when you're building a new solution they don't just think about building whatever my stakeholders ask for they also think about does this advance the platform can I use the platform what other features could the platform provide me that's going to make it easier to build this out and it's been really they have it written into their business strategy and everything so it's been they've embraced this and I was I asked them if I could use these graphics for a long time then they had these t-shirt they gave me a t-shirt so I figured it's okay to take a picture of the t-shirt and show to people in the stock this the idea of the platform goes back I think to to this famous you you guys know about Jeff Bezos and the API decree that Bezos made back in that was a 2007 so if you don't if you haven't heard the story you know Jeff Bezos said he was tired of the friction created by coupling between databases between different teams databases and he said from from now on nobody accesses anybody else's data directly anytime you are going to access somebody else's data you need to do it through a service they each team needs to create services that expose their data and if you're going to use another data's services you need to that's the only way to access the data the data there and the interesting thing about this is this quote here I think he said all services interfaces without exception must be designed from the ground up to be externalizable the team must plan and design to be able to expose the interface to developers in the outside world no exceptions and the last thing was anybody who doesn't do this is going to be sacked and this had a tremendous like transformative effect on Amazon that we can see today right so that the services that supported that supported amazon.com we now have available as external services and it's a bigger business for Amazon than there then the bookstore was so this I think this has this is subtle and nuanced but I think it has tremendous implications that when you make something to be externalizable what you're doing is you're giving people a choice when you say I'm going to create an API of the same quality the offer to my colleagues as I would offer to the external world what you're saying is my colleagues could I need to create something that's compelling for my colleagues to use even if they don't have to use it so we're going from this with the platform idea we're going from this idea of mandated usage you have to you know the enterprise architect says you have to use the ESB therefore use the ESB to freedom of choice you can go external embrace shadow IT go find something better we're going to provide you a product an internal product to your colleagues that is so compelling that they're going to want to use that instead of going external and using something else and we're going from a world of top-down governance to principles that create alignment and from centralized control to having you being able expecting everybody to deliver quality so I think this has a big this creates this mindset is very different and it's really scary for some people and this is what inhibits a lot of businesses from going down this platform route next slide so how do we do this how do we make a really compelling offering to our colleagues we're thinking of our colleagues as customers now so how do we do that how do we create something that they're going to want to use instead of going externally well we actually know designers, user experience people, product managers have known how to do this for a long time actually and it's applying the techniques of design thinking can be used and I give this talk to architects a lot and I ask architects how many here take have done a course in design thinking like the Stanford crash course in design thinking almost no hands go up when I ask that of a group of architects and they they say they design things that's their jobs right for architects to design things and yet none of them have ever taken design thinking is a methodical way of challenging your preconceptions of what you think people want and helping you gain empathy and understand what they really want so how many architects actually go to we're talking about colleagues we're talking about developers people you can consume an API you're a developer how many times do we go and actually try to gain empathy with the developers position and satisfy that demand I don't think it happens very often I'll show you this is Marty Kagan talking about what makes working closely and directly with customers that's what makes a product successful this is just an example of doing that survey that I ran trying to understand what benefits a platform could provide to developers and there's about 50 questions and these are the top 10 pain points so this is a technique from user experience right you don't ask people what they want you ask them you try to understand what their pain points are what they're experiencing and it's actually challenged my preconceptions because we wanted to build stuff we wanted to build some DevOps stuff you know some environments on demand build pipelines and so on and that's on there but it's not the worst thing what needs to be addressed in order to really satisfy the developers demand is making it easier to negotiate and interact with other teams so it's addressing this idea of couple backlogs that I talked about before so negotiating with other teams waiting for those changes to be made having those changes break the stuff that you were writing because the communication was wrong somehow whatever the platform does it has to address those things and your design problem creating the right APIs creating your service oriented architecture needs to start there the next steps in the design thinking defining ideating so product managers talk a lot about this problem demand solution trio so I think as as architects we think about the problem a lot you know we want to have this is a particular example but it could be we have a business problem we're good with that we have a solution we're good at thinking up feasible solutions to those problems but we often leave out the middle part to demand so in this case we have a problem we want to create some customized this document management is an area that we often this often arises right you've got a loan origination system for example and you need to send out loan documents to the customers and you need to go through the document system to get those templates created so that your emails go out with the right sort of look and feel to the customer so but there's a demand from the developers to be able to reduce the delay in creating those custom templates so there's a big pain point that's preventing the business from doing from rolling out digital solutions there so the next step in this design thinking problem is to come up with different solutions put it in front of the developers say is this what you were trying is this would this help try to gain some more empathy and understand and refine take that feedback so that's there's one solution you could have a source code repository where everyone is like an open source project where you can contribute templates where the team that's building the origination system could contribute the templates maybe you could expose some forms maybe the document management team could expose some forms that the origination team could use to design their own templates and that self service solution reduces the friction and allows them to roll these things out without so much dependency in coupling between teams or maybe you just build your own maybe you it's not always the right thing to concentrate and have a single solution for everything maybe it makes sense for the origination team to just have their own document management system maybe they manage it themselves maybe they send out emails themselves in a lot of cases that's actually simpler than simply removing duplication within the enterprise so that's just another here's another example of building an API with this idea of building a product that you're offering to your colleagues as customers this is just using the lean business model canvas to approach the API problem the API development problem as if it were a business so understanding the stakeholders understanding the flow of data the flow of revenue through the API who are your partners in building that all those kinds of things really trying to understand the problem and defining some hypotheses that you can test as you build it out and then it needs to be done in an evolutionary way so I'm running out of time so I think I might skip over this next section but just a couple of highlights one of the authors of building evolutionary architectures you can't build this all out at once if you're embarking on this platform journey you build that one little piece at a time take one business problem build out the platform elements you need start shaping the organization do your business capability mapping understand start assigning ownership of these systems probably you're going to have to start migrating these capabilities from usually forward so it's going to take time it's going to take time to migrate some of these capabilities into away from the commodity systems and into the business into the probably your commodity systems of record will get smaller and I'm working with a bank in Australia that's trying to do this right now and put more of that logic into the business facing systems the last thing I want to wrap up with is this idea of a product needs a product manager so the platform needs a product manager it needs somebody that's going to look at the future what is the roadmap for the platform and what is where are our priorities how much is it going to cost which parts are we going to build out first and this idea there's been a lot written about the idea of a product manager Martin Erickson is one of the gurus in the area and this is a really quite if you're a product manager you will recognize this diagram it's a very famous diagram from his blog that says what does a product manager do there's a lot of people who ask this question so it's the intersection of user experience technology and business so you need to be a little bit in all three of those things deep in at least one of them but across all three of them and it's that intersection where product management takes place and I've taken this and talked to a few product managers and thought about how does this apply to the idea of a platform and we take user experience it's really developer experience and there's quite a bit of interest in this idea of developer experience with the rise of APIs but this is actually something we talk about now developer experience when we talk about technology it's really APIs, microservices data, these are the technology building blocks that the platform needs to be successful and then creating business organizational alignment so understanding not just the end customer's business but understanding the operating model and the organization the strategic goals of your business is when we talk about the business idea so I look at this and you know this looks a lot to me like any IT leader this looks a lot to me actually like what an enterprise architect is supposed to do I don't think a lot of them do I think a lot of CTOs or enterprise architects or CIOs they worry a lot about the business so if you ask them what they do they say I understand the business I understand technology, I align technology with the business but they don't always take they don't always look at this developer experience they don't really, so many architects worry about these two and then they just throw solutions out there and they say they don't track it through and they don't understand what the practitioners on the ground actually need the same is true with CTOs and CIOs as well sometimes you have people that are they understand the technology, they understand the developer they're less business savvy so it's really, I guess I want to put to you just to wrap this up that the role of a technology leader in an agile organization an organization where teams are autonomous where they build on and operate their own software people are able to make their own decisions about technology you're not in where you trust people to deliver and do the right thing and trying to control them in that kind of an organization this is the role of the technology leader to be the steward of this technical asset that we call the platform and that's really the way that the CTO or the CIO can best serve and participate in the business is in doing the best is in incrementally, evolutionarily looking after the platform and making sure that it's always suited as best it can be to satisfy the business and to be a tool of creating value in the business and moving away from IT simply being a control mechanism and a cost center so just to summarize it's about autonomy what's that? I was too hurried with the slides I think today so platforms enable autonomy they're about building smaller, faster and cheaper solutions I can do this I'm a developer so I can actually fix this in real time what was I going to say? Yes ok so platforms enable autonomy they are about building faster, cheaper solutions and being able to experiment to be able to do tests and learn in your digital solutions but it has to be a holistic approach it can't just be something that consists of just point solutions you can't just do continuous delivery or just do agile it needs to be an entire holistic approach and moreover what I want to leave you with here is that your colleagues are your customers when you were building a platform it's the customer that serves the customer that you need to be there for you need to treat your colleagues with the same level of respect and a level of quality service to them as you would to one of your external customers and I think this is what this is the trend this is the direction that technology leaders are going in today thanks that's all I had to say happy questions do we have time for questions? ok they talk about the autonomous groups and they just communicate through APIs if you need to communicate through like it pop your subscribe


the do's and don'ts for hiring UX designers. Let's start with the don'ts. Copying a job description from a design-orientated company like Airbnb. You won't need all the skill sets from a company that has a higher design maturity level. Offer more than you can deliver. Responsibility, influence, impact, growth. Designers will immediately realize within a month of starting, affecting staff turnover. Include 25 tools and methods that you heard is related to design. No one knows every tool or design framework. The important thing is, can they do the job? Let someone else other than the hiring manager write the job description. Sorry HR. No one other than the hiring manager is closer to the problem. Let them be your expert.