macroeconomic policy in an open economy with flexible exchange rate. So, in this way macroeconomic policies work in open economies. Today, we will study the case that when exchange rate is flexible or determined by the market forces demand and supply. So, there are two basic questions. The first is how do fiscal and monetary policy affect a country's real exchange rate and net exports, that any change occurs in fiscal or monetary policy. So, what is the impact of the exchange rate and net exports of the country? The first question is that how do the macroeconomic policies of one country affect the economies of other countries? For example, if a policy changes in Pakistan, then the net exports of Pakistan and the exchange rate of Pakistan will have an impact. And the second is that the trading partners of Pakistan will have an impact on those countries. So, the three steps involved in answering these questions are the first, use the domestic economies ISLM diagram to see the effect on domestic output and the domestic real interest rate. In the first step, we will study through the ISLM framework that when a policy changes, then due to that change, the domestic country, that is, the policy of Pakistan is changing. So, the output of Pakistan and the real interest rate of Pakistan will have an impact on that. The second step is to see how changes in domestic real interest rate and output affect the exchange rate and net exports. Because of this policy, the change in the output and the interest rate will have an impact on the net exports and the real exchange rate.  So, today we will study the fiscal policy in this module. So, examine the effects of a temporary increase in the domestic government purchases using the classical RBC model. So, the rise in government purchases shifts the IS curve up. In Pakistan, for example, government purchases, government spending will have an impact on the IS curve, it will shift up and to the right. Because we know that the IS curve represents the goods market and the government spending is an important component of the total goods market demand. And similarly, FELine will shift to the right. Why FELine will shift? In the RBC model, we saw that when the government increases its spending, then what will happen as a result of that? Will the government finance it? Or will it immediately add taxes? And if it does not add taxes at the same time, then it will borrow from somewhere, but it is in the future. To repay that amount, it will have to pay taxes. So, in the future, it will have to pay taxes. And when you pay taxes, then you know that consumers feel poorer because of higher taxes and then they will increase their labor supply in the labor market because of which FELine will shift to the right. So, with the help of this diagram, we can understand that initially you had this FELine. Okay? IS1 was the initial curve. And similarly, it was the LM curve. So, these three curves are intersecting on point E. So, from here, your output is becoming more interested. So, an increase in government spending, IS curve will shift from IS1 to IS2. It will shift to upward. And FELine will also shift to the right. So, now the new equilibrium point IS and FELine are intersecting at point F. And when it is on F, then the prices have increased in demand. So, because the prices have increased, the LM curve will shift to the left and the LM curve will also come to F point and intersect. So, what will be the outcome of this? That the domestic output will increase. Okay? It is showing the arrow. The real interest rate has increased. When you are going on F from E, the interest rate has increased. There will be less in net exports. What are net exports? Exports minus imports. Okay? So, when your income has increased, then the imports will increase. And these imports will become less in net exports. And the domestic prices will increase because this will shift to LM curve and the domestic prices will increase. What will happen in this? LM curve will shift up and to the left to restore equilibrium as the price level. Both the real interest rate and output will rise in domestic economy. Okay? The equilibrium point will be at higher output and at higher interest rate. So, higher output reduces the exchange rate. When your output level increases, then your imports will increase and because of the increase in imports, the exchange rate will depreciate.  So, your exchange rate will reduce. But with this, this is the impact of the increase in output. And when the interest rate increases, then the impact of this will be reversed. Okay? Higher real interest rate will increase the exchange rate. When your country's interest rate is high, then it will attract other countries that the capital and the currency demand will increase and the exchange rate will increase. So, the effect on the exchange rate is because of the increase in output, because of the depreciation and the real interest rate. So, what will be the net outcome? So, theoretically we cannot determine this. So, the net outcome is ambiguous. Higher output and higher real interest rate both reduce net exports. The impact on the exchange rate is ambiguous, but the impact on the net exports is clear that due to the increase in output, the net exports will decrease. Imports are due to increase and due to the increase in interest rate, the net exports will decrease. Sporting the twin deficit hypothesis. So, if you recall, we talked about the twin deficit. The fiscal deficit and the account deficit, we sometimes recall it as the twin deficit. So, when your fiscal deficit is increased, then the current account deficit will also increase. So, now we will see how these changes will affect the foreign countries' economy. Our trading partner has a change in our country's fiscal policy. The decline in net exports for the domestic economy means a rise in net exports for the foreign country. So, the foreign countries' IS curve shift up and to the right. In the classical model, the LM curve shifts up and to the left as the price level rises to restore equilibrium, thus raising the foreign real interest rate, but the foreign output is unchanged. In the Keynesian model, the shift of the IS curve would give the foreign country higher output temporarily. We understand these things with the help of the diagram that the trading partner of the foreign country has an impact on that. We are studying with the help of this IS-LM model. This was your original equilibrium point, on which the IS-FE line and LM curve were intersecting. Due to the change in our fiscal policy, which was less in our net exports, our trading partner's next exports increased and the IS curve shifted up and to the left. So, in the Keynesian model, the short-term equilibrium will be at each point in which your foreign country's output will increase. But what will happen in the long-term? Because of the increase in the price, the LM curve will shift up and the equilibrium will shift to F point. So, what is the situation at F point? There is no change in the foreign country's output, but there is an increase in the interest rate. So, foreign income is unchanged. In the classical model, in the short-term, in the Keynesian model, there is an increase. In the real interest rate, there is an increase in foreign prices. So, in either the classical or Keynesian model, a temporary increase in the domestic government purchases raises domestic income. In the country where the policy is changed, there is an increase in the income and domestic real interest rate increases as in the closing economy. It also reduces domestic net exports. So, government spending is crowd out both investment and net exports. How is the increase in government spending crowd out? There is a decrease in investment and there is a decrease in net exports. The effect on the exchange rate is ambiguous. We discussed that it moves in the opposite direction and its net effect is ambiguous. The foreign real interest rate and price level rise, which is your trading partner, the foreign economy, the interest rate and price level will increase in the Keynesian model, the foreign output will rise temporarily. So, today we have seen how the impact of the change of the fiscal policy is in the open economy. When the exchange rate is flexible, then how does it affect domestically and its trading partners? Thank you.


As you guys might have noticed from part one which focused on primary school photo day check that out If you haven't already link is in the description. You know that school photos. Just want my thing Late last year I created a custom enamel pin and released it on my merch store without announcing it very much So here it is as a pin collect myself I'm super happy with the quality and how it turned out the colors are vibrant and the gold line work makes it appear Super shiny. There's a link in the description if you'd like to get one for yourself Now it might not seem like it But there is a huge difference between primary and high school photo days The biggest change was that the group photo wasn't just your whole class It was now the entire year group the process was generally a bit faster to because Teenagers were so accustomed to it all by this point and they're able to do their own hair blah blah blah My favorite improvement was that there was no longer a creepy stuff monkey judging your best attempts at looking natural It's no secret that I am horizontally Disadvantaged so all through high school I sat here or here being seated for these photos was so awkward because usually there was a boy standing on a podium Behind this meant you couldn't sit back properly in the chair because you'd risk making contact with a very awkward area Yikes, I became a seated student photo professional by this point as they drew us with instructions each year And they were always the same Right listen up you worms back straight but as far as back in the seat as they'll go knees together at all times Hands resting naturally on them right hand on top pull socks up to an even height and put your hair over your shoulder Big smiles no blinking maintain a good posture Throughout my high school days I ditched the plats that I rocked all the way through primary school in favor of something even less interesting Just just straightened hair However in year eight I was feeling adventurous and thought it was about time to go for a different look My absolute go-to hairstyle during early years of high school was a side ponytail Something I would never do now, but I wanted to get it curled So I tried this technique of curls with a straightener and It went like this Hmm, that's strange. Maybe I need to put hairspray in it straight away. After all I have plenty of time to experiment Yes, we have to go soon Stay Do you ever just get those cool photos that just look off like they're not horrifyingly bad But there's just something that doesn't look right with them Sometimes it will be a beautiful picture, but there's a strand of hair doing something It shouldn't be or something about one eye slightly askew other than my weird smile Which was still making appearances from time to time. This was my worst high school photo My smile was a little I looked like I was going back to my roots Not to mention the clan of pimples chilling on my chin I looked like I had no idea what was going on in my immediate surrounding or in my head The flash must have caught me a little off guard too because my eyes Yeah, anyway It was this same photo day that my friend missed her bus and couldn't get to school after spending literally all morning Curling her seriously long hair All she got out of it was this snap story which read curled my hair for nothing If you guys couldn't tell from joe's past inclusions in my videos. He's a little different. Who's joe?  We had a normal school photo day like any other We went through the usual process for individual photos No problem. It came time to receive our printed pictures later that month and this is what we all saw in the group photo This was scary To look at the company had gone in and photoshopped all the short people's necks way longer Imagine all the time and care in order to make this Monstrosity happened But why just to make the people's heads line up a little more evenly? You think this fixed the problem without creating new much worse ones? Nobody could believe their eyes Needless to say the company had to reissue the photos at their own expense without this ridiculous editing Ew get out of here A new company was hired to handle the school photos the following year to nobody's surprise On a side note by the time I hit my final year of high school year 12 I remained one of the shortest in the entire group and still haven't grown much more to this day Wow Amazing the boys used to be roughly around my height But now I had to crane my neck 90 degrees just to see their faces Thanks to this new photography company taking over during year 12 We were allowed to take one mock-up group photo after we did the professional sophisticated group shot Minus Joe, of course This would be the last school photo we ever took and was a really nice way to end it all for this photo We were allowed to do whatever we wanted. We were allowed to bring a change of clothes for it We could bring props in whatever we wanted some people wore pyjamas others with oversized glasses some with wigs Bella clover's farmer's clothes and even an inflatable dinosaur costume The only catch was we were only given three minutes to prepare for this photo after taking the Sophisticated one and my change of clothes were on the other side of school I was going to wear an inflatable costume This now seems to be a running theme with me and I'm now noticing. What a fashion statement Despite running faster than I ever have before in my life. I got back to hear the crew asking everyone Okay guys, do we have everyone who were already standing on the podium? Yep RIP dinosaur suit. You did not make the cut But somehow in this short amount of time a group of boys managed to blow up a massive hot dog pool floaty Yeah, that made it in quite impressive if you ask me and with that all my school photo years are accounted for Let's have a moment to recap I'm glad it's done and Dustin Big thanks goes to Alex for playing the photographers in this video Just like she did in part one link to her channel is on screen and in the description as well as the links to watch the first part If you've missed it


Today we're going to talk about reworking the Zephyr clock control subsystem. My name is Moritz Fischer. I work for Google. I lead a team that works on firmware for in-house ASICs and I've been around in open source for a while. I've worked on the Linux kernel, maintained some of that. I work on Uboot and a bunch of other projects. Recently I started working on Zephyr for the last two years and built a team around that at Google. I hate reinventing the wheel, which is why I'm here. Also we're hiring, so if you're looking for interesting jobs in making Zephyr run in the data center, grab me in the hallway later. Why do I care about Zephyr and why do I care about clocks? Making ASICs is super hard, making ASICs is super expensive and making ASICs takes forever. You're trying to reuse IP wherever possible because once something is silicon proven it's really difficult to get your hardware people to change something. You make something that works and suddenly everyone wants to integrate it so you have a good idea or a subsystem that you built and suddenly all the other groups are like, the next ASIC should also have this and you end up with this sort of Lego system of building blocks. ASIC X might have a UART and UART A and ASIC Y might have UART B but a different spy controller and ASIC X might have CPU A and ASIC Y might have two CPU Bs and you sort of compose your ASIC from building blocks and I really don't have time to rewrite all my firmware every time and I think that's not where the engineering should go. If you look at the typical integration differences you have when you put together an ASIC, you have things like bus width and we saw a lot of good examples of that in the previous talk about system devices, how you stitch things together. You have different bus types, you have different IP revisions, which are almost the same but not quite. You have different resets, so the reset sequencing of the IP might be different but the thing I'm going to talk about is clocking really today. If you look at the example I put together here, it's just to illustrate the concept of producer and consumer or provider and source and sync. You have different names you could put together for that but essentially every IP or hardware needs a clock to run so it's what makes your flip-flops toggle and usually you have something that produces a clock, that's some oscillator of some form that might be outside of your chip, inside of your chip you might have a PL, there might be a fractional PL which divides and multiplies or it might be a fixed PL which just has a fixed frequency but the thing to take away from this slide is you'll have something that produces a clock and you have something that consumes a clock and in this case the yard is the consumer, the driver might need to know the clock rate that comes out of the PLL to calculate a divider for example or there might be a case where a DUR actually needs to turn on the clock first or the consumer driver needs to turn on the clock first before it can start using a different block in your chip. Ultimately a clock API should be very simple it really doesn't need a lot of different operations. I'm going to skip over the handle dependency stuff because that gets quickly very complicated for this talk but I'm going to focus on the simple operations like on, off, set rate, get status, get rate and all the other things that a consumer driver cares about like turn on the clock, turn it off, are you running? What's your status? Do you have an arrow maybe? And what's the clock frequency you're running at? So if we look at how things are today in Zephyr we have roughly three types and it's a bit entangled so they're fixed clocks which are described in device tree and for those we don't use the clock API at all we just directly grab stuff from the DT using macro-batics and I'll have slides that go into a bit more detail after this one. There's dynamic blocks which I call type A it's something I made up but I need to distinguish them and for type A we pass opaque hard-created data from the consumer to the producer but we tightly couple the consumer and the producer which generally you don't want to do when you have an API. Type B is similar but in that case we assemble that opaque data in the consumer driver and in that case you tightly couple the producer device tree binding and the consumer driver which again it's like this tight coupling which makes reusing things across ASICs really difficult because in both cases the consumer driver for example the UART needs to know where its clock comes from and that's not something that scales. So for fixed clocks this is roughly how it works top right you have like a device tree I hope it works with the colors but essentially your producer which is clock zero in that case has a clock frequency and we just use a macro to just pull that clock frequency out of the device tree and put it into our config structure that we have for our IP. This is nice because it's all compile time so there's no overhead really and you can somewhat use different producers as long as they define a clock frequency poverty in the device tree you can see how this is limited if you have things that change at runtime which is often the case for us building ASICs we have other hardware blocks that might be a sequencer or there might be different fuse settings that have different clock rates and we need actually runtime information so that one doesn't really work for us. Then we have the type A clocks and type A clocks again here in the device tree I just have the device which is the consumer and it references via clocks another node which is type A and those use the API with hard coded SOC specific data so that might be something like and that's made up but those examples do exist. It's like you just call the clock control on with you cast it to void star which is what clock subsist T is behind the scenes and what you do in your typical loop where you initialize your config struct you get the clock controller reference and the second part for the producer the SOC specific data is again coupled to the producer so you can't just reuse that driver with a different producer and that's difficult to reuse things that way. For type B it's similar you have again your device it has a reference to the clock producer and it might have some other data encoded in device tree in this case the 10 and then you just pull it out still at compile time using the cell name which is encoded in the binding and if we look at the next slide there's how it all fits together try to get that together you have three pieces and again Marty had a nice picture of how the device tree gets generated as part of the config but minus less nice you have a device tree binding for the producer on the top left which says I have that many clock cells which basically says next to the reference to the clock producer there's that much extra data you need to pass the maximum I found in the tree is 3 which is a bit excessive I think but you know and then you have the cells which basically say give a name to each of those extra pieces of info you passed to your producer and for the consumer or in your device tree basically you have top is again the producer and bottom is your UART for example you can reference the clock producer with the p-handle and then you have extra data which is 10 which then together with the binding using the generation scripts gets translated into a header you don't have to go into all the details but essentially I don't know if you can actually see that here those are the cells that then show up if you have those properties and that depends on the number of clock cells defined yeah so that's how it currently works and it's not very reusable so about a year ago I took a look at how we could fix that I put up a pull request first thing I thought needed to change is the fixed clock actually would need a driver so that you know with the fixed clock it behaves like every other clock and you have the typical clock control APIs you can call so clock control on would just be ignored clock control off you just ignore or you could return an error I think ignore would be the correct way to deal with it you'd have a get status which just as always on because it's a fixed clock that's always on and always running you'd have a get rate that just returns the clock frequency from the device tree once you do this you already want something because now you can use fixed clocks with drivers that actually expect to have clocks that support clock control but you're not completely there yet so I think what also needs to happen is we need to rethink the API a bit so this is what I currently copied out of the tree that's sort of the API we have you have a struct device which is your clock producer and then you have the metadata or the extra data that's opaque so clock control subsist T again it's just a void star and you just pass something and the producer driver needs to know what that is and the consumer driver also needs to know what that is to actually create that data and you know when you think about what you want to do with the clock back to the slide with the operations you really want to just turn on off you don't want to have to care about what's on the other side of the API so if you look at other projects like you would or Linux they have a concept of a struct clock and you try to sort of adopt that to you know what we're trying to do here but the API would change from having like your producer and something to you just deal with the struct clock and you just say turn on this clock turn off this clock and the driver itself can just use that doesn't have to care about the details and this struct clock would encapsulate all the info for a given clock which would be the producer plus the extra info which I hid in the struct clock DT spec now you're saying that's cheating because I'm not telling you what's in there we're going to look at that next one way to do that is to define just cell 0s L1 cell 2 which again I looked at the 3s currently the max that's better but for the sake of the argument let's assume we put 3 values into the clock DT spec and again our struct clock now becomes a pair of the reference to the producer plus one of those DT specs then we add a new macro and again we can refine that to some extent and we just pull the p handles assemble a struct clock from it and then that looks great now you're like what's that that doesn't exist you're making up stuff right so I did modify to make that work I played around a bit with the scripts gen defines and essentially my idea was we could just have aliases for each of toes and you can see down here for each cell that exists in the binding we just generate a generic clock cell 0 or generic clock cell 1 alias and then you can use that helper we have up there and that way you can assemble a struct clock with all the data you need for a clock to be used you can do all of that at compile time and yeah there's room for improvement obviously you know otherwise we have for every clock now we basically waste 3 you in 32 or 4 depending how much or largest number of clock cells is so one idea would be when generating this we could sort of keep track of what's the maximum number of clock cells in our system and then just generate generate the structure accordingly so we don't have to deal with extra cells and don't store extra cells another alternative that we could probably have some clever k-config magic to just say the maximum number of clock cells for this build would be 4 or 3 and parametrize that way what does this buy as well if we do that then you know in your driver down here you just say dt clock in get clocks by index rather than anything specific and then I can call clock control on with just my clock which decouples a consumer driver from the producer driver I can now use that with a fixed clock if I have the other change that turns fixed clock into clock control driver and I can do that with other clock control providers yeah it's not super long I want this to be discussion right I know people have opinions and the original CL or pull request that I put up already had comments about being wasteful so I wanted to get feedback from people that think that having the couple of extra bytes per clock is too much in their system for example there's things if we decide to go that route how do we even go about that this touches a lot of different things so two things I can think about is either we introduce a new API migrate everything and then deprecate the old one or we create one big pull request with sub pull requests and get up and then collect all the changes and emerge that I found some SOCs that don't completely encode all the relations for their clocks in dt yet so we probably have to fix that if we want to go that route they have sort of encoded info in the hell that would need some cleaning up and then yeah the overhead is something to discuss I think the basic fixed clock my math was you have the struct device plus data plus the pointer that you currently have in a new fixed clock you have the same for bigger clocks if you have multiple cells you go from your struct pointer plus the data pointer plus the data to fixed size 12 bytes extra plus the struct pointer I don't know I'd be curious to hear about from people that have systems with many clocks how many they actually have and if that actually matters warrants having an API that's really hard to use yeah and I'd like to chat about if people had ideas how to do dependencies going forward once we make that change that opens up to think about power management what happens if we want to turn off clocks but you have two things sharing a clock producer should we have some ref counting in the struct clock to deal with that ideas will come so yeah I want this session to be half and half discussion half and half slides yeah so I'm summarizing the question the question was can macrobatics fix that overhead that I was talking about I hope that's a correct summary I did spend quite some time trying to come up with something clever but I don't have all the answers so if people have clever ideas of how to do it more dynamically I think my best idea of how to deal with that was not using macrobatics but actually using the Python that has the whole system visibility and then generate something from that rather than trying to macrobat it but you know I'm open to better ideas I didn't write any of the code that does this right now I have my proof of concept that I threw up on github that works but it's probably not the best implementation so that's why I'm here here for I believe you know what's the trade off there five or six clocks a few bytes is a reasonable way of doing it we wanted to for some time have some stuff in the Python to kind of be explored like in this case like what's the maximal number of clocks that's similarly like what's the highest number because that's another one that we've had just hard coding came to think that we should be just trying to figure out why should we do some things like that and improving the Python to sort of you know the number of X, Y, Z that agrees a lot okay I'm going to summarize that for the microphone so basically Jacob once suggested to to look at what pinmax is doing I think as a starting point for how to do that and the second part that he suggested was to Python as sort of the way to get the maximum number of clocks or clock cells in that case that we really care about maybe we can generalize that so it applies to other pieces of the clock generation code so the statement was around dvfs and making sure we take that into account with the design so do you have any specific things that you feel like that need addressing in the context of dvfs I mean generally with dvfs you care about performance usually right yes sorry can you repeat I mean yes the thing that I had talked about so the question was if I had considered the case where a consumer needs multiple producers and I think you'd model them as separate p-handle plus data in your clocks array and I think our current logic they actually tried that for one of our systems so that seemed to work with my hacked patch to dvfs.py I'm rather new to the whole clocking in Zephyr but is there a way that a device can say I need a specific clock frequency because a clock can be on or off but can also switch in frequency and multiple devices can have multiple requirements on that how does the system deal with that the question was does the API support setting clock rates and how do we deal with multiple consumers wanting different things I think so that falls sort of squarely in the dependency bucket I would say the simple case of saying hey I want you to be 5 MHz are we support that right now this would still support it just in a less sock specific way I guess the dependency one is an interesting one but I think nobody solved the problem of having like two devices asking for different clocks deciding who gets it I need some sort of policy right someone needs to decide who gets what they ask for I mean generally I think even when you do that on Linux there's no correct answer it's a policy question I want to mention something here I don't know it's not quite a question I'm not an expert on clocks but have you look on the Linux side because on Linux we have a clock controller framework which has a clock structure and a set of operation callbacks where you exactly do that power on power off the clock set frequency wouldn't that be useful for the field also that's sort of what I'm trying to get to whether we call it exactly the same name the functions are not as up for discussion but the goal would be to have a similar behavior as Linux has this is a work in progress to be like Linux not quite something similar the difference with Linux is I can do a runtime inspection of my device tree which I can't do here so that's why we sort of need to do the code generation at build time where we create the start clock we sort of have to assemble at build time have we considered doing the same for I feel like parsing the device tree at runtime instead of doing it at compile time so there's always this question and effort about a dynamic device tree and that there's no issue in general supporting that obviously that work would have to be done by somebody but we have to maintain the ability to kind of have a build time sort of database because you know footprint in these systems is significant and that's why you know if you look at just what the blob size is for a DTB and then you add in all the runtime and just code just to parse that blob that's a very large footprint just for you know this purpose or you know so again there are systems where that's overhead is acceptable so you know we obviously support like Cortex-A class systems where you'd have you know megabytes if not gigabytes of memory and so forth so those systems it's okay to have that overhead but obviously you know the vast majority of devices were talking you know kilobytes of flash and memory so that those overheads aren't acceptable so have you looked at because so one of the other things I think as we look at kind of improving or kind of updating the clock interface that is how we encode and then how kind of we maybe look at having the how the generator sort of deals with the SOC specific kind of clock you know descriptions and then sort of the static information so there's by a lot of cases where you know people aren't necessarily changing the clocks but you kind of need to figure out how that like what's the frequency this thing is at and so forth or so on and you know everyone encoded it a little differently and so kind of you know wanting you know I think one of the things I wanted to see whenever we updated the clock interface is how we could encode that and generate it in a standardized way or something so that way that information is kind of becomes uniform across these devices and then I think the dependencies is something as well that we need to kind of support with whatever we do going forward. I don't have an answer. It's fine I wasn't expecting it was more just a statement of something we need to think about as part of an updated design for the clock support. Yeah and it's interesting you mentioned pin marks right because like pin marks sort of does this where it squashes more info that would be typically multiple cells into one cell by sort of having SOC specific bit shifts and things so that would definitely be an optimization we could look at if we were to give up sort of standard bindings right if we want to use the same bindings Linux or device trees that look similar then we could probably do something like that that was one of the things when I looked at the ones that had like three clock cells and say really do you really need like your 332 byte things to encode like clock information is it that much but yeah I mean I think there's you know obviously it's been left to the SOCs on how that information is encoded and it probably could be more compact for various ones because a lot of times it's just you know some bit you know specifying a bit in a register because it changes for the specific device or whatever so I think we could encode that better and then I don't you know just kind of off the top of my head like whether we'd have like maybe SOC specific plugins to the generator or something that could then sort of understand how to take that and sort of give back out like frequency data or something that you know it would be consistent across everybody. Yeah. Other questions? Yes. Yeah. Does it work? Okay. Did you think of providing some kind of primitives for upper layer clock usage like synchronization between clocks or discovering relative drift or something like that to be more think of what a counter needs for example or then even then newly introduced RTC stuff so it's more like a service layer for those of course I'm aware that clocks is not about counting only I'm sure. Yeah I haven't looked at that my goal was really as a first step but that's you know sort of sanitize the API so like we can do a couple things one example for me was really the UR like it can't pound define like if I'm on this SOC to that otherwise to that otherwise to that like if you have that in your bottom loop where you create your devices it just becomes like hundreds of lines of like if depth and it just doesn't scale so I wanted to address that first and then we can build on that I think. But do you think from an architectural point of view does it make sense at all to put something like that into a clock layer or is this too high level? I have the like a counter and I haven't looked at this and I don't know I'm sure there's others yeah so that may be something if it makes sense between the two to do something there that I can see that but yeah I think that this layer is obviously just about kind of the you know turning clocks on and off getting a rate setting a rate type of functionality so there but there may be some glue between that and then the counter system you know such that if there's dealing with things like skew and so forth like you're mentioning yes do you have any examples of device trees and device drivers that uses this new API something that is less abstract so it's possible I threw a work in progress thing on my github I can I don't know if I can live I pulled it up but ok no this doesn't work alright yeah sorry yeah I am M Fisher sorry yeah on my github I have a branch where I try to convert over the ESP32 c2 it breaks everything else so it's not a good example but I mean it did let me test on hardware so so one question I have with the clock and how we're looking at doing right now is if we do like clock set rate for example in this API you know a lot of clock producers maybe they're clocking off they have multiple sources they could clock off for example in a more complicated case and if you set up at you know early in it or compile time you're setting up your clocks to use a specific mux for example and then you've got a divider so I guess in the initial implementation are we kind of going to say if you ask for a rate that's not possible with the current mux that we have selected for this specific producer then you just you know get a error saying basically this is not possible the way you do that right is like everything ultimately starts off with like a fixed clock somewhere and you have a clock gate have a clock max driver and all of those call basically the parent provider until you get to the info you're looking for right and like your clock max would have to implement logic to do the selection I don't think we have an API for that right now to select A and B but yeah sure I guess that's kind of the point I'm trying to marry is you know rework this I think one of my principal concerns is that dependencies are kind of core to a lot of clock systems um you know if I go and ask my uh clock source from my UART to do a clock that I know it can but the mux isn't set right I don't want it to come back and say no sorry too bad your system wasn't set up right at um you know at early in it um the other thing I want to highlight also is if we're going to do kind of the pin control case one thing that's different there is pin control has generally been designed at least my experience around the idea that there's one pin control on SSE where there's multiple clock sources I mean there's not always one pin control on SSE and obviously you can screw with the macro that you provide at compile time to make it be like oh if you set this bit to this then now you're dealing with pin controller A versus B but I think it's something that we want to be aware of because like pin control is at UN32 I kind of think there's probably some clocks that are going to beat out a UN32 because they can get more complicated yeah I think the correct way to do that would be to like reflect the clock maxing as a proper device where the clock max shows up as a separate device um that obviously makes reworking things difficult right because you have those SSEs where it's sort of built into the sock layer rather than the clock in there yeah it's true and besides you have a simple clock tree where you would end up with ten more devices just for the clocks did you consider an alternative to have device results for clock maxes and each time you have some mixing to do because each time we are adding a new device driver at one point you can add some overhead that would be much larger than the overhead that we would have with just additional cells I mean I think one way you could work around that is by having a bigger driver that encapsulates your clock functionality in like a bigger producer driver and then you could have device specific overrides like how you can do API overrides where you say set max channel zero or set max channel one and until we have a max API if we go there then you could do that yes as an intermediate stepping stone and could still use the clock API for all the downstream pieces of it I just want to ask if you envision some possibility to set accuracy if you require if the consumer requires the clocks because sometimes it's quite of not possible to generate exactly the same clock so it's needed to tolerate some amount of say error of the frequency and if there are multiple consumers maybe it will be impossible to reach for all of them what they need so was the question around like getting almost the rate you want but not quite or yes yes because otherwise you end up with if it's just say one hertz difference in megahertz scale it will end up in error if it doesn't match right if there is exact number which we often end up with need to tolerate some error in case of some PLL and complex set of dividers for example well again the current proposal doesn't look at this but I guess you could encode that in your driver if the driver is tolerant I think even with the old API if you set the rate it assumes it said it I don't know if drivers actually go back and check usually if they actually got the rate they asked for or not but I suppose most drivers don't so at that point stop ok stop


Okay, we'll pray. Okay You know what we've seen and what we read in 2nd Corinthians chapter 12 the Paul says of Spiritual experiences that he's had taken up to seven third heavens and This is and and we know that that's for that was for a purpose and every spiritual experience, you know God gives to Our God Takes us through is to really reinforce the fact is that he's all-powerful.  There's an assignment of God So for man God brings that Accomplishes that so let's let's just pray and ask God To reveal his mind reveal his will reveal his purposes in all these wonderful ways right through his word through his spirit through through Maybe even through other people To minister to us through the prophetic word through Visions and dreams and you know other encounters Let's pray and ask the Lord to do that father We thank you this morning that you're sovereign God that you're all-powerful one all-knowing one and this morning God We we come before you in all humility We come before you yielded and surrendered and we ask God that you would yield that you would Lord reveal.  Oh God your heart to us Lord In all these wonderful ways that we see in scripture Especially what we read in second contents 12 Lord all these virtual experiences that The Paul had God and we know it was for a specific purpose and Lord we also ask that you would You would reveal yourself to us in all these wonderful ways and We know that you're a God who cannot be contained or God that you are all-powerful all-knowing one So we ask Lord we we open up our hearts to you We ask that you would open our eyes to see you open our ears to hear you God We thank you give you all the praise and glory in Jesus matchless name. We pray. Amen Okay, oh Monday. You were in Chennai. Okay Lot of rains there Yeah, okay, so let's let's look at second content. I think we stopped at verse 6, right So Paul talking about how he was caught up to heaven and What he experienced there so he talks about that and also Talks about some of this what he heard And he says that it was in inexpressible words right Which is not lawful for man to utter meaning that It's it's he's not permitted to speak those words or to Give a revelation of that here on earth right So he talks about that I mean he mentions that Okay, let me just share the screen Okay, then he goes on to talk about something else in verse 7 and And verse 7 to 10 He actually gives an explanation For why he says in you know in the previous chapter chapter 11 and verse 30 He says, you know, I will boast in the things which concern my infirmity or which concern my weakness and body weakness in my mind Or feebleness of body, you know, that's what infirmity is so he's saying that you know He would rather boast in that and here it's kind of explanation Why he takes pleasure or why he can actually boast in those kind of things Because normally speaking, you know, nobody would like to boast about that You would like to boast about your strength. You would like to boast about or talk highly about your accomplishments So, but why does he say that I would boast in Something that results in feebleness of body and mind. Why should he say that? Right, so here he gives, you know, the explanation for that. Okay, let's read Chapter sorry chapter 12 verse 7 and lest I should be exalted above measure By the abundance of the revelations a thorn in the flesh was given to me a Messenger of Satan to buffet me lest I be exalted above measure Concerning this thing I pleaded with the Lord three times that it might depart from me and He said to me My grace is sufficient for you for my strength is made perfect in weakness Therefore most gladly I would rather boast in my infirmities That the power of Christ may rest upon me. Therefore, I Take pleasure in infirmities and reproaches in needs in persecutions in distresses For Christ's sake for when I am weak Then I am strong Okay So verse 7 verse 7 says lest I should be exalted Above measure by the abundance of the revelation so Paul is a person who We know that he wrote two-thirds of the New Testament. There was an abundance of revelation revelation of the truth of God's word Which was which was not revealed to any other, you know it was was revealed to him and you know, especially about the cross especially about The substitutionary work of Christ and and so on so so many things about the gifts of the spirit which we see in the previous episode and In the book of Romans, you know about righteousness that comes through faith in Christ and and so on right so a lot of Revelation so he's saying lest I should be exalted lest that you know, he be exalted above measure By the by these revelations, he says a thorn in the flesh was given to me now very interesting and he says lest I become puffed up Or rest I be exalted above measure in beyond the ordinary means A thorn in the flesh Was given to me a messenger of Satan to perfect me lest I be exalted above measure. So that's the objective Lest he be exalted by the abundance of revelations now A lot of people, you know, so he says a thorn in the flesh Thorn is something that's very nagging irritating painful You know, which is there over and over again, which you know causes one to be irritated Which causes pain which causes this discomfort, right? So he talks about that Something called the thorn in the flesh. So a lot of people have tried to explain what this thorn in the flesh is and But when we look at that verse itself He says a thorn in the flesh was given and he kind of explains that he says a messenger of Satan to buff it. Okay, so which which means that there was this Messenger of Satan. Okay, so people have tried to explain maybe it was a Physical condition. Maybe it was a sickness right, maybe it was a Problem with his eyes Maybe it was, you know, something like that. So But when we look at the text itself he explains who it was or what it was he says it was a messenger of Satan Okay The word messenger again in the Greek meaning angel loss The word angel from which we get the word angel the Greek word angel loss, which means It can be used for heavenly being it can use for, you know, earthly beings also a messenger or You know, someone who's a spiritual leader Who was who was really a spokesperson or someone who was communicating a message, right? So we see in Revelation the same word used for the for the leaders of the church is the angel loss, right? So So it's the angel loss or angel of Satan the messenger of Satan So, so what was the messenger of Satan's? objective was to buffet him to Come trouble him to the buffet means to strike over and over again to hit over and over again So we don't know in what nature in what way the message of Satan was Troubling it, but it says that this was something that happened okay, and In the previous chapter like chapter 11 Paul talks about the kind of hardships he endured when he says, you know The things that qualify him to be a minister of God so List on law various things like these talks about Punishments he talks about dangers and some of these things he actually willingly took it upon himself the sense he would say, okay I need to go I need to travel. I need to share the gospel So something that was intentional he went about doing it and as a result of it He faced those hardships or dangers. Maybe, you know rough weather Shipwreck and all those things and some of the other things where what people did to him right an opposition to the gospel work Okay, so this was a persecution And people are posing the message and all that so that was in opposition to the work, right? So so what did Paul do? Right, so this this messenger of Satan this The came to Buffett in and Let's he be exalted right and Paul immediately prayed to the Lord verse 8 we see that concerning this thing I pleaded with the Lord So he prayed he asked the Lord not once but twice three times, which means which means the You know the condition persisted or the messenger of Satan Doing whatever he was doing that was persisting and so he prayed three times that it might depart and He said to me meaning the Lord to whom he prayed he said to him My grace is sufficient for you For my strength is made perfect in Weakness, okay, so what is he saying? You know my grace is Sufficient is enough and we know that you know, he uses this word sufficient A couple of times in this episode, you know, we see that he uses In chapter 3 verse 5, you know, not that we are sufficient of ourselves, but our sufficiency Is from God? Okay, so he makes us Competent he makes us We bring gives us the ability is what he's saying.  Okay, so that was the explanation The Lord saying that grace is my grace is sufficient because my strength Would will will be enough to make Make you sufficient, right? so Paul says verse 9 second part of it therefore most gladly Okay, therefore most Gladly, so he's come to that conclusion Because I heard this from the Lord that he will make his strength perfect or complete In my weakness in what I'm going through in my feebleness Most gladly says I will Rather boast in my infirmities I will boast in these kind of conditions because Because of what the Lord does what do you see do that the power of Christ may Rest upon me because God has promised something the Lord has promised something the Lord Jesus was promised something saying that my grace is Efficient my strength is made perfect in your weakness So there is a maturing of my strength in you in you Despite your weakness or in your weakness so So Paul came to the conclusion and he says, you know, therefore I boast I Take pleasure verse 10 he says therefore Verse 9 he says therefore I will boast in my infirmities Why that the power of God will rest upon me Okay, so that's the thing, you know, he's not boasting because he's going through some some kind of you know Struggle and he's not boasting. Oh, look at me. I'm you know, I'm going through this He's boasting because the power of Christ rests upon him Right verse 10. I take pleasure in infirmities in reproaches in needs in persecutions in distresses for Christ's sake So all this you know infirmities reproaches needs persecutions distresses for the sake of Christ so which means in the path of ministry or while sharing the message or the as a result of Doing ministry as a result of that when he's experiencing all this He says I take pleasure in it, right? I will gladly I will gladly go through it I will gladly go through all these things distresses But look at the reason I'm doing it for Christ's sake but the reason is that for when I am weak Then I am strong Okay, so that's the conclusion It's not that I continue to be weak. I continue to you know be in that state of help listeners and you know, I Failure or whatever No, because when I when I'm in that state then Christ strength and power Is made perfect in me matured in me As a result of it when I'm weak actually I'm strong So he's saying I would rather you know boast I take pleasure he says I take pleasure in infirmities That's worse than you know, it's a Which means it's a great, you know It's a great testimony For one to say that I take pleasure in it Which means that he's thinking well of it If he goes goes through a persecution He's actually not thinking of it as a difficulty, but he's actually thinking well of it You know, he's having something positive to talk about it and the Greek word says you know to think well off or to You know to think good off to be pleased about You know it also means, you know to be even pleased to this extent of being willing to go through it So he takes I he says I take pleasure in it Why? Because when I'm weak Then I am strong so he knows that he will experience the power of God He will experience the power of God in his in his body in his mind in that situation That circumstance he will experience because he's become a target for the power of God and So he says that you know, I I take pleasure because I will experience this I'll experience the power of God and When he experiences the power of God then he can boldly declare that I am strong Strong, I'm strong. I experience the power of God to both endure and to overcome To endure and to overcome, you know Paul He says right You know in the previous In the previous episode he says led in a triumphant procession in Christ Jesus And and so on so that there's victory in the blood of Jesus in all his episodes You know, he talks about the victory that we are more than conquerors through Christ and so on so So he says that you know, there is I'm favorably I Think of all these things favorably Whatever I go through. I think of it favorably. I take pleasure in it because When I am weak then I am strong Okay, so a couple of things for us to remember. Okay, what is this? thorn in the flesh So, you know, there could be many Many references To thorn in the fence or maybe speculation, you know, maybe it is Maybe it is Let's say people might say maybe it is referring to some kind of a Sickness maybe it is some kind of Condition in his body Etc. But we need to be clear, you know, there is very Paul explains in that same verse itself. What is that thorn in the flesh? He so he explains that so there's no need for any other You know conclusion or any any doubt about it So he's specifically talking about that, right? So so he's because of which he takes pleasure in He thinks favorably about He lists down certain things infirmities reproaches which means insults of people insulting him He says it's fine, you know, because when I go through that for the sake of the gospel Then I experience the power of God Infirmity is weakness of body. Well, he talks about it. No, he says in hunger If you look at chapter 11 and verse 27 says in weariness and toil in sleeplessness in hunger in thirst in Fastings in cold and nakedness. So these are all, you know, some things physically discomfort and infirmities that is is going through so You know that also for the sake of Christ, right? He talks about reproaches. He talks about needs maybe, you know, some necessities that I need these things some constraints some persecutions and You know, some anguish and pressure, you know, press me all these is going through For the sake of ministry for the sake of taking the gospel and for the sake of doing ministry But he says that you know all this I take pleasure because I know that the power of God will rest upon me I know that his strength the Lord's strength is made Perfect or complete in my weakness So I will live I'll be able to endure it. I'll be able to go through it I'll be able to still be able to minister with the power of God. So that's the perspective No, that's the reason why Paul says, you know, I take pleasure In infirmities, I will boast in infirmities. So, you know, these two things we need to be clear off because You know First of all to understand that yes, tharn in the flesh Paul is talking about a messenger of satan. He's not talking about anything else like a messenger of satan to come and strike him and and secondly He's he's saying that he takes pleasure in it In all those things that he lists List down the difficulties that the power of God may rest upon him so that he might end your hand overcome that Okay, so that's the second thing we need to remember and the third thing, you know about this this this You know this passage this portion of scripture that we need to also understand is that um that um, you know that that we come to a place of Knowing in the sense We know that God is not Visiting people with sickness, you know, he The Lord Jesus he carried Our sickness on the cross. He carried the symptoms of sickness disease And everything on the cross so that we might be healed so that we might receive healing. So um, so that's the that's what the Lord Jesus did for us on the cross. So therefore What he died for what he carried on the cross Is he did that so that he might remove it from our lives Okay, not to reintroduce it into our lives Okay, we need to be sure of that. So that's the third thing. You know that it's not that God is giving this Sickness in order to humble us Okay, sometimes people come to that, you know He's he's giving this sickness in order to humble. No, he took it on the cross so that we might be free of it Okay, what about, you know, these kind of things that is happening in my life. It is to humble me Scripture is very clear. It says that it was given to Paul. He received an abundance of revelation the abundance of revelation and So much that he wrote two-thirds of the New Testament so We don't even come close Right to qualify for that And so we might say, you know, oh because of abundance of revelation because of all these things that I've experienced and gone through and What the Lord has taught in my life and taught me because of which, you know, I'm being humbled Through all these things. No, you and I do not even qualify right, um, he was an apostle with a very unique calling and he He was a founding apostle, which means he laid down the doctrine and And scripture God used him the Lord used him to, you know Write down scripture lay down scripture. So It was a very unique call. So you and I do not qualify for that So we should not come to that conclusion and say, you know Oh, I've got this thorn in the flesh because of the abundance of revelation. We don't qualify for that So some of these things for us to remember and keep in mind when we go through these passages, right? Okay, let's read verse 11 Onwards, okay It's of course a continuation.  You know, he's come he's he's talking about the other apostles, right if you if you look at Chapter 11 He's looking he's he's You know whom he called the eminent apostles Right. He's saying I'm not inferior to them. I'm not in any way Lower than those eminent apostles, you know, which we read in chapter 11 and verse 5 and and in fact, they are false apostles because the way they live their life the way they Ministered was was to take something out of people and not to add to them, right to to to Take of their things to know to actually rob them to To he says, you know, even to strike them on the face You know, it was like that the way they ministered was like striking them on the face And so that was how they They ministered that is how they lived their lives. So here Paul says, you know You have compelled me to boast about that you have compelled me to by because of your action Because of your behavior, you know, you've compelled me to talk about that So I've become a fool in boasting I've boasted about I've compared myself to them. I've talked about my life You know myself And my ministry to you and so on.  I'm not in any way lower than that. Okay First well, he says truly the signs of an apostle was confirmed Or we accomplished among you Right the signs of an apostle. It was actually Very clearly displayed among you is what he's saying. And what are those signs? He says with all perseverance, right the signs of an apostle. So He goes on to say, you know Something supernatural happened signs wonders mighty deeds In signs wonders and mighty deeds These signs of the apostle were accomplished Among you Okay, we're actually brought about In among you and I was there among you in the church So this was accomplished. This was performed Right these signs. You saw it. You saw the signs. You saw the miracles. You saw the Mighty deeds that happened. So it was done among you and And then he goes on to say, you know for in what way In in What is it in which you were in fear to other churches when you compare to other churches? You know, I was not burdensome to you Okay If in any way you think that, you know, I was inferior or He's saying in in in what way, you know, you were inferior to other churches In no way except that I did not burden you with my needs I I Did not take any money from you. I did not burden you. Okay, so Signs of the apostles were accomplished among them. So he says I was not in any way inferior Okay, let's read from verse 14 now Now for the third time I'm ready to come to you and I will not be burdensome to you for I do not seek yours But you for the children ought not to lay up for the parents but the parents for the children And I will very gladly spend and be spent for your souls Though the more abundantly I love you the less I am loved But be that as it may I did not burden you nevertheless being crafty. I caught you by cunning Did I take advantage of you by any of those whom I sent to you? I urged Titus And sent our brother with him Did Titus take advantage of you did we not walk in the same spirit? Did we not walk in the same steps? Again, do you think that we excuse ourselves to you? We speak before God in Christ, but we do all things beloved for your edification For I fear lest when I come I shall not find you such as I wish And that I shall be found by you such as you do not wish Lest there be contentions, jealousies, outbursts of wrath, selfish ambitions Pack biting, whisperings, conceits, tumours Lest when I come again, my God will humble me among you And I shall mourn for many who have sinned before and have not repented Of the uncleanness, fornication, and lewdness which they have practiced Okay, so Paul here is saying, you know, I'm coming for the third time First time was when he was there with them And then he was there for about 18 months, one and a half years He taught and the second time was on the way to Macedonia. It was an unplanned visit So now it's going to be the third time He's saying I'm ready and I will not be burdensome again, you know as true to the way he ministered He's not going to be burdensome. He's not going to use or take any of their money So he says for I do not seek yours Meaning I do not seek what belongs to you Okay, but I seek you know you as a person. I respect you. I honor you And I long to be with you and he also says, you know She talks about how much he loves them Though they do not reciprocate that same love Though, you know in their actions in their speech, they don't Show that same love that Paul has shown them. Okay, so he says Um, you do not you do not show that same kind of love Um, the more abundantly I love the less I am loved Okay And yeah in verse 14, he also says, you know the children ought not to lay up for the parents, you know I'm not going to come and because for me you are my spiritual children Um, so actually in the natural the the children don't usually Lay up money means to save or store You know wealth For the sake of the parents. No, they don't do that. It's it's the parents responsibility Or they are the parents are the ones who actually save and store wealth So that the children can receive that so that's the heart of the parents So this is the heart I have so therefore I do not seek yours your material benefit or what you what belongs to you I don't seek that but I just seek you as a person right, um, so he's saying, um, you know The he doesn't you know, he says it doesn't matter, you know the fact that I am loved less Even though I I love abundantly.  Maybe I'm saying it's fine It's okay I did not burden you Nevertheless being crafty. I caught you by cunning Okay, um, did I take advantage of you? By any of those whom I sent to you now paul And his ministry team is talking about titers. He's talking about the other brother, you know, he's not named but um So he says I I urge titers and sent our brother with them Did titers take advantage of you did we not walk in the same steps in the same spirit? So he's saying we ministered in the same way. We lived our life in the same way.  Um, you know, um, so he says, you know I we speak before god in christ and god is the witness That whatever we do on the way we lived our life in the way we ministered It was for your edification So the way minister, you know paul communicated spiritual truth paul also confronted their, you know mistakes He corrected them. So everything was for their edification to build them up Right. It was never to destroy their lives so And verse 20 and 20 21 says, you know, I fear This is my fear that when I come I will not see you as I wish to see you Right. So what he's saying is that when I come and uh If there's still fights, you know, you still have fights. You still there's the works of the flesh like You know, there's selfish ambitions and backbiting and whisperings and and pride and and all these things are there I don't wish to see you that way Right. My fear is that if I come and I still see you like that And my fear is also that You see me The way you don't wish to see me, you know, I which means that I come Um In a way to discipline to bring in correction in stern, um, you know being stern and being firm Uh, and I and my my fear is that you don't wish to see me that way Right because he's already you know, they've already encountered his correction and everything and his you know strong words so this is my fear he says if such things are there if contentions and and You know strife strife and fornication and lewdness and all these works of the flesh are there Then he is compelled. He is going to be strict. He's going to be You know, uh, going to bring in correction. He's going to discipline them So he's saying my fear is that you know, you don't wish to see me that way and I don't wish to see you with all these things So, um, so with that we come to the end of chapter 12 Okay, so, uh before we go to chapter 13 any, um Any doubts any questions? We can talk about that especially about chapter 12 Any any doubts and or anything that you want to share Also, so I hope I hope it's clear about, uh, the thorn in the flesh Uh, I hope it's clear about, uh, why paul was in his infirmities Um, you know, sometimes we might think no the way infirmities Uh, if it is some kind of a physical condition and the logis is carried it upon himself on the cross Now why is paul boasting about it if he's you know going through these kind of things? Well, the reason is that he will experience the power of god to endure and overcome. Okay So that's the thing um Okay Any any doubts at all? Okay Then let's look at chapter 13 Okay, that's the that's the conclusion of this episode Let's look at chapter, uh, 13 Okay, so chapter 13 Let's read the first few verses This will be the third time i'm coming to you By the mouth of two or three witnesses every word shall be established I have told you before and foretell as if I were present the second time And now being absent.  I there will be discipline There will be disciplinary action. There will be correction Okay now He says since you seek a proof of christ speaking in me Who's not weak towards you but mighty in you Okay, mighty in you so the the The content charge and also some of them they were comparing paul to other Apostles and wanted to see the proof of christ work like in him in paul um probably You know more of science more of Wonders whatever, you know but so paul says that You know He lives by the power of god.  Are you living according to? the The faith are you living according to the commitment to christ? Are you living according to christ? Or is it just an external religious thing? Right, so you you check yourself you examine yourself And that word examine means to to test to To objectively look at oneself to scrutinize means to look carefully um So, you know, it's none nothing of the external things right so external things like maybe probably, you know You can't say just because a person is attending church Or just because a person does some religious duties. Okay. I'm giving Uh x amount of money to the no to ministry or to church Because of that, you know, I am in christ, you know, that's that's not the case at all So he's saying, you know, you you examine yourself. You see that you are not disqualified in any way right because All these external things are not what qualifies us so So do you not you know, he says verse five. Do you not know yourselves that jesus christ is in you? So that's the qualification Christ is in us That the holy spirit in dwells us now. That's the qualification nothing else None none of those external things are the qualifications Right, so you're saying he's saying you know test yourself Uh, I trust that you will know that we are not qualified. So we ourselves It's not the external things again. It is christ in us. So we know that we are not disqualified in any way right, um Okay Let's look at um verse seven Now I pray to god That you do no evil Not that we should appear approved, but that you should do what is honorable Though we may seem disqualified For we can do nothing against the truth But for the truth For we are glad When we are weak And you are strong That this also we pray that you may be made complete Therefore, I write these things being absent Lest being present I should use sharpness According to the authority which the lord has given me for edification And not for destruction Okay So he's uh, he's saying I pray that you do no evil Not that we should appear approved, but that you should do what is honorable Okay, so, um So he's saying, you know, you you don't do Evil things You don't get into something that is not Right or something that is unrighteous Right, so you do what is honorable Don't indulge or don't get into anything that is evil. This is my prayer Um Was it he's saying we can do nothing against the truth. He's talking about himself He's talking about his ministry. So he's he's it's a you know, it's a it's again a very, um Powerful statement Right and a statement of humility Similar to you know, the one he makes earlier Yeah, where he says, um Uh in You know be imitators Right imitate me as I imitate Christ It's a it's a similar statement where Where it's it's a statement of it's a very bold and confident statement that he makes It's uh, it's a testimony Right, but at the same time it is uh, it is a statement of Um It's a statement that is that is uh, uh Made in humility.


The 7 Star Terror Raid event for Chestnut is now live in Pokemon Scarlet and Violet, we're going to cover all of the details in today's video as well as the best builds for you to solo this Pokemon with in your game. So this new Terror Raid event will be running from the 12th of May until the 14th, we can hop over to Serbia and take a closer look at all the details for this raid. It is a 7 Star Terror Raid, Chestnut will be set to level 100, it will have its hidden ability which will be that bullet proof. We covered that in our preview article, it will be immune to any bomb and ball type moves, that's things like acid spray, things like shadow ball, etc. We covered that in the preview article, so if you want to check that out with some of the builds that are going to be good going into this raid like the Gold Angle. Check out the video, I'll link it in the top right hand corner now. The move said that this Chestnut is going to have is earthquake, hammer arm, stone edge and wood hammer. It is going to have ground coverage, fighting coverage, the rock coverage to complement that terror rock typing and grass coverage with wood hammer. The additional moves it's going to have are iron defence, bulk up and curse, all moves based around boosting the defence of the Chestnut. So it's not a good idea to bring a physical attacker into this raid, you really predominantly want a special attacker. And obviously with bulk up and curse it does have the ability to boost its attacks that up as well. It can never be shiny and you can only catch one of these per save files, so just bear that in mind. But once you've caught it, you can still farm this raid for the amazing high cost items that you're going to be able to get. Like star pieces, comet shards, nuggets, the PP ups, the ability capsules, ability patches, bottle caps, etc.  So it's a really good raid to go after all of these item drops, especially after you've caught it. And once you've got the Chestnut in your game you can also then shiny hunt by breeding it, because it's the only way you'll be able to get the shiny in your games currently, because Pokemon Home isn't out just yet, just yet, maybe next Friday, maybe we'll see. So the first phase as I say is the 12th to the 14th and then the next phase for Chestnut returning will be a week today on the 19th of May and returning over that weekend until the 21st before we get the announcement of the next 7 star terror raid. To access this event in your game you can just come on to your poker portal in your menu screen, then down into Mystery Gift and check poker portal news. This will connect you to the internet and you'll get a quick update on your screen just saying that all your terror dens have been updated and the event should be live in your game right now. After you've done this to locate the den you want to just come onto your map and you'll be looking for what looks like a 6 star terror raid den, but it will have the rock terror typing which will indicate that it is the Chestnut and as you see here it is right there and it'll look exactly like that so you just want to locate it and head over to it on your map. So once you've tracked down the terror raid the Pokemon that we're going to feature in today's video to best solo Chestnut with is going to be Appleton. Appleton is a grass and a dragon type Pokemon. It will have the terror typing grass for this specific build with the held item expert belt as well. We've got a move set of Sunny Day, Apple Acid, Growth and Giga Drain. Now Apple Acid is the key to this move set in particular because of the bulletproof ability on the Chestnut. You're not going to be able to use something like Acid Spray which is really effective at lowering the special defence on the target Pokemon by two stages every time you use it. The bulletproof gives it immunity to that so you're not able to use it but Apple Acid is in classed as a bomb or a ball move so that means you can still utilise this move, get a little bit of damage off while you're doing it and allow that special defence on the Chestnut every time that you use it and it hits through the shield as well which is super nice as well as ticking down the turns before you can terastalise and do even more increased damage. Now for the rest of the move set you've got the Sunny Day there. You want to activate that because combining that with the growth will mean growth gives you a plus two boost to your special attack rather than plus one without the sun on the field and then Giga Drain is your main attacking move because with the expert belt you don't have a line of recovery there so it gives you a way to recover your health and do big damage at the same time. The ability on the Appleton doesn't really come into effect in this raid so you can go with really anything here we've got the ripen ability but like I said it doesn't really play too much into this raid in particular. The EV spread that we've got on this Appleton is 252 in special attack and then 252 in defence just to maximise its staying power as well as maximising that offensive pressure and the rest just dumped into HP with a modest nature. The build will be down in the description though if you'd like to take a closer look at it after the video and then once you've located the den you've got your Pokemon built you can just go in and challenge the chest note. Here we go against the chest note turn zero we know it's going to set up an iron defence and nothing else so you don't really need to worry about that too much. The other thing to keep in mind is it will nullify the stats on your side of the field after about turn six so you can see here we're going that turn zero iron defence but because we're a special attacker we don't really care about that too much. The first thing that you want to do is just go for that apple acid because this is what you're going to try and rely on first of all before it nullifies all stats on your side of the field then you can go for that sunny day and then you can go for the growth so we'll just concentrate at the moment on lowering that special defence on the chest note as well as kind of ticking down our terrestrialising turns. You can see it's going to go for a combination of things like hammer arm, like stone edge but because of the defensive investment that we've got on that apple turn we're going to be able to tank these attacks pretty well and we're not really worried because of our grass typing about the earthquake that it does have access to either. So this will be our third apple acid here that we go for you can see the special defence dropping and then it will set up the shield and it goes for the earthquake which like I say we take pretty comfortably in this raid and you can see with the defensive investment that we've got apple turn really really good in this battle itself but if we check a look at the stats here it's going to be minus three special defence on the chest note and we can terrestrialise now or go for another apple acid if we want but probably a good idea just to go for the gigadrain now just to start getting some damage onto it and we can terrestrialise we're pretty safe at this point to terrestrialise we don't really need to worry too much about the chest note doing too much damage to us in this battle you can see it does decent damage there on minus three special defence so the apple acid really really useful in this match in particular and the stone edge coming out here you've got to worry the stone edge does have a high critical hit chance but because of our defence investment like I say we're pretty safe and here's the turn turn six that we do see the stats nullified on our side of the field so now we can safely set up the sunny day then we can go for those growths and just maximise a damage output and then after this it should make pretty quick work of the chest note this build in particular you just have to worry about the stone edge critical hits that's pretty much the only thing you need to worry about and you know in this match in particular we haven't got a partner with Intimidate which would definitely help against the chest note because it's primarily a physical attacker so if you get a partner like Arcanine or Starakta in this case it would really help out and probably just expedite speed the whole terror rate up completely for you but one more growth after this will be plus six and then we can start attacking and this is growth number three with the sun on the field it means that we are cutting the time down that it's taking to get these growths active on the field so that means it's a lot quicker for us to kind of get set up as well and we take that stone edge pretty quickly and now you can see that we are all plus six across the board and we can start going for those Giga drains and this should technically break the shield but we'll see how much it does and yeah it does so much damage so the chest note really is quite easy to deal with against the with the Appleton and the next Giga drain is going to be able to pick it up quite easily and one more Giga drain not the sunny day Giga drain and we've got so much time left as well so you can see how quick it is so forming items in particular with the Appleton on this chest note is going to be so easy for you to do in game and probably one of the quickest seven star raids that we've got in chest note didn't have the belly drum like we expected so once you've defeated it just pick your poker ball I personally think the nest ball is pretty nice because it really matches the shiny form so that's what we're going with here just kind of a regular poker ball I guess nothing, not one of the apricon balls the friend ball totally matches but let me know down in the comments what ball you'll be catching your chest note in and I'd love to hear but I do like the nest ball it does match pretty nicely especially just with the regular and that shiny form as well and then we're going to be able to get access to all of these nice item drops that we'll get from the seven star raid as well and it's as easy as that friends going to get a bunch of large candies like we've said you're going to get the TM, you're going to get rock terror shards ability patch as well red candy so it's a brilliant raid just to form over and over and over again and Appleton is the Pokemon that you're going to want to use for this raid with this set, with the item and everything like that that we've went over it's going to make it so easy for you to do in your games and hopefully you have a lot of fun while you're doing it and once you've done the raid you're going to have yourself a nice chest note for your collection of course it will have that mightiest mark as well which you can activate and then just enjoy your chest note and go for a shiny hunt for that shiny chest bin which is one of the nicest star to shiny Pokemon that you can get in your games and if you do want to form this event of course you want to come to your map and the terror raid will only appear once per day but you can expedite this, you can speed it up by just hitting your home menu and then coming down to your system settings down into system down into date and time and just make sure you're synchronized clockwise the internet is off, click into date and time you don't need to change anything in this screen just click through this, click okay hit your home menu and then come back into the game and you'll see all the dens will respawn on the map and you'll be able to kind of locate the 7 star terror raid once again and head over to it and then rinse and repeat and just form this event for all these high cost items over and over and over again until you've got as many as you want in your games so that is everything for today's video if you found it useful please drop a like it does really help the video out and share it around some more people are aware of this strategy so they can easily beat this in their games and of course do hit that subscribe button if you want to stay up to date with all of our Pokemon Scarlet and Violet content and do leave a comment down below and let me know if you've used something else to beat this chestnut with pretty easily in your game I'd love to hear what you've been using have fun with the event friends, thank you so much for tuning in as always and I'll see you all in another video very soon so until then take care of yourselves and bye bye