do a little bit of logistics before we get into the overview of ROMs and then we're going to have some hands-on ROMs activities. So the way that I'm formatting this clinic, we have about a three-hour time frame, but in the middle of that three hours, there's a half an hour or 15-minute break to get some coffee, which I'm sure you'll need after listening to me for an hour-and-a-half. And then when we come back from the coffee break, I'd like to have a discussion to get some feedback on how you think this hands-on exercise and the idealized model that I'm showing you is going. And part of the motivation for doing this clinic was that there's been a call in the Marine Working Group and the Coastal Working Group to have some idealized hydrodynamic models within systems. So one motivation for setting up this idealized model that I'm going to show today is that we might be able to provide this tool within the systems as a idealized shelf hydrodynamic model that could be used for whatever application people wanted. So once you get a chance to try it out and analyze some data and try running the model again, then I want to kind of brainstorm on where we should go forward with this type of effort. Is this the kind of thing that the working groups need or are there other approaches that would be better or are there improvements we could do to this model? So the timing will be I'm going to give an introduction to ROMs into the test case that we're running for this clinic and then we'll have time for you guys to kind of roll your sleeves up and analyze some of the model output data. We have done some groundwork so that at least a few of you should be able to run to make some changes to the model and rerun it. We can't all redo it. That would bog down the system. So I think when we get to that point we'll kind of make a vote of how many people have access to beach that could conceivably rerun the model and then maybe pare it down to just maybe one to three model runs that we start up as kind of a group effort and then after coffee break and after our discussion there will be time to analyze those model runs. I think it takes about 12 minutes to run the model for the time period that we've set up. So like I said the motivation, oh and so before I start, the way we've set up, the way we in our group analyze net CDF ROMs output is to use MATLAB. So we have on our thumb drives, on our thumb drives we have a few MATLAB scripts that you can use to analyze some of the ROMs output. So the hands on part of the clinic will be analyzing net CDF output. So I'd like to see a show of hands of people who cannot analyze, who don't have MATLAB and then maybe those of you who do not have MATLAB could partner up with someone who does. So raise your hand if you have MATLAB and you're willing to work with one of these other people that don't. And actually this clinic is based on a class that I teach and in the class I always pair the students up. For one thing we have about six computers in the lab so we need to kind of combine forces because of the number of computers we have but I find it works a lot better when people work together anyway. So once we get to the hands on part then those of you who don't have MATLAB if you want to browse the model output choose a buddy who does and you can work together with them. So I'm calling this clinic ROMs for the non-specialist and I kind of gave one of the buzzwords that came out of our all hands meeting last year was a call for something that we called ROMs Lite. So ROMs is a regional ocean modeling system and it's a pretty comprehensive community coastal ocean model but within the systems community there's a call for something that's not quite as complicated, not quite as many options to choose from, kind of pared down to more of the bare bones of what we need ROMs model and we called that ROMs Lite. So to prepare for the clinic I tried to set up something that could be a ROMs Lite that people could hopefully use with less of a learning curve than implementing the full ROMs model. So this is an example movie from one of our group's recent efforts in running a full ROMs model. So I guess I should have introduced before I started Julia Moriarty is a graduate student at VIMS and Tara Niskern is a research scientist at VIMS. I want to thank them for helping me put this clinic together and they've done a lot of work here this week and ground work to get us to this point to have this clinic. So I appreciate y'all's help and to start the clinic I wanted to show you an example of kind of the full, the ROMs heavy maybe we would call it. So this is what Julia's model run that she produced for her master's thesis and she recently published it as an Estren and Coastal Modeling Conference paper. So there's a citation for 2014. So in this model run Julia developed a model grid for this site on the North Island of New Zealand. It has a river input into the embayment there and there are energetic waves and currents moving the sediment around so we've got a river coming in we've got energetic waves moving sediment she had to get her wave input field she had to nest it within a spatially variable wave field so that that was a bit complicated she had to nest her open boundaries into a larger scale oceanographic model to get the along shelf currents. So that was a bit added complication. She had to worry about cross shelf and depth stratification on the shelf so she had to nest that within a large model so it took her a while to get this model up and running a big effort and but once you go through that effort then you have this tool that gives you hopefully sediment fields that look like something in the real ocean but it takes a big commitment to developing that model. But there's been a lot of effort within there's been some effort within systems to to get some hydrodynamic models into the into the repositories and so I put this figure up here this is the chess ROMs model it's a community ROMs model of the Chesapeake Bay and so it's a three dimensional hydrodynamic model and within this a variety of different modules can be loaded a sediment transport model like we'll use today but also models for biology and other other components and because there was a big call from the marine working group in the coastal working group to have a hydrodynamic model within systems systems devoted quite a bit of time to putting chess ROMs into the repository so so it is available but I think the general feeling is that even though a lot of effort went into putting this model and other Chesapeake Bay models in the repository as well as putting a model that's a more general not a Chesapeake Bay model but a general ROMs model in the repository that it hasn't really been used that much so one thing I want us to think about when we come back for discussion is if there is a need for this kind of model what can we do to capitalize on the investment that's already been made to so that the resources would be used the framework for the clinic today is we're gonna I'm gonna overview the ROMs model framework and the IO structure of the model and then we're gonna look at an idealized continental shelf model that's called the River Plume 2 model in kind of ROMs jargon and then as participants you'll have a chance to look at model output and as a group or as a as a set of smaller groups will will make some changes to the idealized model and rerun it and then you can look at the model output from the modified test case and then after our coffee break I'd like us to to again brainstorm for how to go forward with this type of thing I took this slide from a talk from Hernan Orango and this is Hernan's kind of slide where he describes what's in ROMs the regional ocean modeling system so Hernan is one of the main developers of the ROMs code he's at Rutgers and here he's showing maps of different ROMs model output from around the globe and he has a list of the main features of the model so in general it's a free surface hydrostatic primitive equation model and it uses terrain following vertical coordinates I'm going to go I'm going to show you guys more about the vertical and the horizontal grid because that that is really relevant for for how you analyze the model output but in here he points out that ROMs has higher order numerical schemes and it's parallelized so it can be run in MPI so it can be run in a high-performance computing environment it has a lot of effort in ROMs has gone into data assimilation so that's all that about tangent linear represent or adjoint models so a big part of the ROMs community is interested in data assimilation but the community the group I've worked with more is is in this other bullet for tides ecosystem sediment and sea ice models within the ROMs hydrodynamic model there are ecosystem and sediment models that are linked to the hydrodynamics and so one power one thing that makes ROMs a nice environment to work within is that you can have a physical oceanographic model but you can also have access to to geochemical ecosystem and sediment transport models these are slides I made they don't have the pretty picture that Hernan had but the so the most relevant things I think for this group about ROMs is it's a 3d time dependent hydrodynamic model that solves the basic conservation equations it includes transport equations for temperature and salinity and those transport equations can also be applied for sediment tracers as well as biogeochemical tracers it's a community model right now there are over 4,000 registered users and then in addition to the hydrodynamics there are modules as I said for sediment transport and biogeochemistry so today we'll use a sediment transport model and that the model will use as described in Warner et al 2008 and it can account for bed load and suspended load but we'll just use the suspended load today other things about ROMs that make it nice for coastal applications is it can be run as a nested model so you can have higher resolution versions nested within the lower resolution there are versions of it that can be run with wetting and drying so you could if you you could set it up to do storm surge or run it in macro tidal environments and there's a big data assimilation community a lot of effort especially within the group that developed the sediment transport model John Warner and his colleagues a lot of effort has gone into coupling the model the hydrodynamic model with other models so a lot of the effort has gone into coupling it with swan and with wharf there's a lot of the development effort in ROMs has been in developing the data assimilation parts of the code that's what I meant oh not for sediment now that's that's a wide-open niche as far as I know no one has applied the data assimilation they've done it for temperature salinity currents and and the biogeochemists have done it to choose their parameters for their biological models but as far as I know the sediment community is not yeah so a lot of the data assimilation has been used to set open boundaries or physics or for the biological process so to continue our overview of ROMs it's written in Fortran 90 it's it's parallelized so in theory if you make changes to the code you should be able to recompile and run it in parallel it includes a lot of options so it includes different advection schemes that you can choose between it includes a range of turbulence closures and it includes a range of bottom boundary layer treatments so on the one hand that's really good it gives the modeling community a lot of flexibility to choose which of these options that particular application needs but on the other hand I think that's one of the things that makes a learning curve for ROMs kind of steep is that you you have the sense that you've got to choose between all these things and sometimes if you just want an idealized continental shelf model you might not want to have to think about these you might just want to get a model where reasonable decisions were made for these different options model output is in in net CDF and the but the model input is a is another place where the modeler has a lot of choice and so there's a flexible mix of model input if you have a long time series of model input like if you have a wind field with time and spatial variation in the wind field you'd want to put that in in a net CDF file but if you just wanted to run your model with a constant steady wind then you you don't want to generate a huge you know 5 gigabyte wind field to just have a constant steady wind so if you did that you'd you'd want to hardwire it in the code that would be the easiest way to set a steady wind field so ROMs gives you the flexibility to make that choice to do it the way that you think is easiest it might be some of the model input is typed into a text file some and then some you have a choice between hardwiring it or putting it in net CDF so again you have the flexibility but with that flexibility comes a bit of a learning curve because there have been times when we changed a model input like we changed the text while we change a model input and we look at the output and it didn't change and then we have to sort through and figure out that well it wasn't getting the input from where we thought it was getting it actually from hardwiring or from from a net CDF file so so with the flexibility comes a kind of a layer of complexity that gives makes the learning curve a little steeper for the for the grid any hydrodynamic model it's important that you think about what the grid is because that's one of the main differences between the different models that are out there ROMs uses an orthogonal curvilinear grid so it's a structured grid where the curvature of the grid can be chosen to kind of mimic the bathymetric curvature of the coastal area to the extent that you can still keep your grid cells pretty orthogonal and it's a staggered grid which most structured ocean much most structured grid ocean models are staggered grids but that the fact that it's a staggered grid for our from our point of view if we're not getting into the numerics but we want to look at analyzing model output we need to keep in mind what our horizontal grid is so it uses an arc how a sea grid so what that means is that the different model variables the velocities and the tracer concentrations are calculated at different locations in the grid so on that figure on the right each one of those squares represents a grid cell and then in the middle of each square there's a little green row that's called the row point of the model grid that's where the density is calculated and the bed stress is calculated and sediment concentration is calculated in the middle of the grid cell and then the velocity the red u's are the u points of the grid that's where the cross this might be the cross shelf velocities are calculated on the grid face not in the grid center then the purple v's are where the v velocities are calculated so there on the maybe that would be the along shelf faces of the grid so one thing I like about roms is in your output file it tells you exactly where the u points the row points and the v points are but what that means is that if you what it means in terms of when you get a model output field if you get a u field and a sediment concentration field those those the sizes of those data arrays are going to be different because because you have more u faces than you have middle of the grid cells because you have boundaries for each so your u you're going to have one extra velocity for each of your sediment concentration so your post-processing scripts just have to interpolate things to the basis if you want to calculate something like a sediment flux in terms of the vertical grid since we're running sediment transport then we have kind of two parts to our vertical grid in here this this is a figure from John Warner's paper and the blue grid cells represent the water column model so that's the normal hydrodynamic model the brown grid cells represent the sediment bed model so in the the model that we will run we're going to have 13 water column grid cells and they overlay 10 sediment bed layers okay so here the blue grid cells will have grid cell 1 up to n equals 13 and so we have 13 places where we're calculate calculating water velocities u and v and and salinity and suspended sediment concentrations in each of those 13 layers in the sediment bed we keep track of the sediment grain size distribution and even though I don't know why John drew in u and v for our sediment bed layers because it's that's a bit misleading it's not going anywhere it's that I'm at bad at the only place it goes is through erosion and deposition it exchanges with the overlying water okay so for each of our sediment bed layers so here sediment bed layer one is the one that's at the sediment water interface and we have in the model we'll use today we have 10 sediment bed layers so n bed equals 10 and so within each of those sediment bed layers the model keeps track of the amount of sediment for each grain size class that's in each of the bed layers if you have erosion of one size class that material would be removed from the surface layer and put up into suspended port in the in the overlying layer deposition of sediment settles out of the water column and goes into sediment bed layer one so it's so so Irene is asking about this variable bed ij so ij is your horizontal location on the grid and then the third index 1 2 up to n bed that's your bed layer and then this other index i thick so this bed variable stores all the information about the sediment bed so the i thick the sediment bed thickness is the thickness of that bed layer and it's tracked in kilograms per square meter and it changes because our surface layer is going to get thicker or thinner depending on the active layer thickness of the bed so that surface layer thickness is going to change and then the way I like to run the model is to have this bottom layer be a really thick layer so that if I erode off a layer at the top I can split off another layer at the bottom okay so yeah the thicknesses of the layers change with time so when the model output will have a bed a model variable called bed thickness that's a 3d variable in time 3d because we have x and y locations we have thickness in the bed and then it changes with time because as the bed layers evolve so it's forward yeah really saying it's 40 because time is a very deep okay now the water column grid this I guess this isn't showing up very well but this is I want to point out that the ROMs vertical grid in the water column is a stretched grid so that's what makes ROMs different from models like Princeton ocean model is that it uses a ROMs uses a stretched grid instead of a Sigma grid so in a model like so in ROMs the the the model is terrain following meaning that the bottom grid cell always follows the bathymetry okay so we don't have a stair stepping grid in the vertical we have a train following grid in the vertical and but we keep the number of vertical grids constant so in the model will do today where we're gonna have 13 water column grids this this figure here that I took from the ROMs wiki has 20 vertical grids and so they're kind of gray lines showing where the grid the water grid cell interfaces are so since you always have 20 grid cells then in shallow water your grid cells are gonna be a lot thinner than in deep water right and so one issue with the Sigma coordinate grid is for a model like Princeton ocean model the percentage of the water column that the grid layer includes is always a constant so a grid layer might be 10% of the water column so in a 10 meter deep layer that grid that grid cells gonna be 1 meter thick in 100 meters water depth that grid cells gonna be 10 meters thick because it's gonna scale with it so that gives kind of a Sigma coordinate model then has a hard time resolving high gradients near the bed when you get into deeper water so what ROMs does differently is it uses a more complicated vertical grid so that it stretches out the the grid cells in the deep water so that it always maintains a thin or you can always maintain a thin layer above the bed right at the bed sediment water interface and a thin layer up at the water surface so in this figure if you can I don't know if you can see the grid lines very well but there's there are thin layers following the bed so that you could resolve some of the concentration gradients and set suspended sediment in deep water because your grid cells aren't getting huge in the deep water then you could also help to resolve some of the surface layer that's influenced by wind forcing because you can maintain thin layers so that's another choice that the modeler when you set your grid up you tell it how to stretch the grid for some applications you might not want to resolve high resolution near the bed you might prefer to prefer to have your resolution all at the water surface usually since I do sediment transport I want to keep resolution at the bed so what are the implications for that is that the that your it's it makes it a little bit more complicated to calculate your depths if you want to plot a profile then you need to get your Z's so it makes it a little complicated to calculate that and on top of the fact that the grid is changing with space the grid changes in time because the sea surface elevation can go up and down so if you have sea surface elevation going up from tides or something then your whole grid has to expand to accommodate that so your bed your delta Z's that are your that are your layer thicknesses change with space but they also change with time and so ROMs doesn't put those Z's those water layer thicknesses into the output file so instead you have to run some kind of post-processing if you want to get those vertical depths and then this is Hernan Arango's sediment transport figure and I thought it was a lot prettier than anything I could have come up with today so I included it it has the transport equation for sediment in the in the top and then again that John Warner figure showing the the sediment bed interface and the water column interface and it points out some of the features of the sediment transport model there's a you tell it how many sediment tracers you want to include so in the model input file you tell it how many sediment size classes or sediment types you want to include this is a little misleading because it says that you can define cohesive and non cohesive sediment tracers the cohesive version of the model is still more under development and so the non cohesive version of the model is the one that's obtained with the main trunk of ROMs for each of those sediment tracers it has a fixed grain size sediment density settling velocity and critical shear stress for erosion so it doesn't account for changes to to either settling velocity or critical shear stress for erosion in this in the non cohesive version of the model but we can trade we transfer sediment between the water column and the seabed through erosion and deposition I said before we have a user to find number of bed layers so that stays constant in the model and the example we'll use will have 10 bed layers and for each of those bed layers the model keeps track of the thickness of the bed layer the sediment size class distribution so what percentage of that bed layers made up from each size class and it says it keeps track of the porosity in the age of the bed layer but those are really just set as constant in the model okay so now this is the case that we're gonna look at and run today this is this case is called River Plume 2 and there's been a version in the main trunk of ROMs there's been a version of River Plume 2 for some time but I used it for teaching the class that I teach at VIMS and and to prepare for this clinic and we had to make some changes to the main the version that comes with the trunk in order for it to work so I don't know if it was bit rot through the decade or what but things changed it and but but with Julia's help we and some of the students in the class also helped to figure out how to make the model run better okay so the way what the model is it's River Plume 2 and it was originally based on a paper that Rich Signel wrote with Jason Hyatt where they they subjected an idealized continental shelf with a River Plume coming out to a bunch of different advection schemes and looked at how well how the River Plume responded to different advection schemes but but this version of the model is pretty different I think than what Rich and Jason worked on back when they did it so the way the model is set up is it's an idealized continental shelf meaning it's just planar the bathymetry is just straight lines that the inshore boundary is 15 on the on the shoreline the water depth is 15 meters on the offshore the water depth is a hundred meters the cross shelf extent is 50 kilometers and we use 52 grid cells to give us those 50 kilometers across the shelf and then the longshore grid dimension is a hundred kilometers what some of the things we added to River Plume 2 was we added waves because the one that comes with the main trunk doesn't have waves but since we do sediment transport of course we wanted to put waves in so we added just a steady uniform wave height of two meters with a wave period of 10 seconds we had and then there's a river discharge coming out 1500 cubic meters per second freshwater discharge with two grams per liter of sediment coming out onto the shelf and then the model is set up to have in a long shelf current of five centimeters per second so at the kind of at the northern boundary this a long shelf current is imposed so that the river so that that helps the that's just and not kind of idealized a long shelf current carrying both the freshwater and the sediment down the coast and then I drew into this little cartoon I drew in a V showing that we get a velocity profile because even we we impose a mean five centimeter per second current but the model solves for 3d velocity fields and then the CS is supposed to represent a suspended sediment concentration that the model is also accounting for the wave direction is just straight in yeah okay this is a little bit more of the details of the model and you know I think that I one I one reason I went into so much details not because I think you'll remember all of this right here but I think this PowerPoint will end up on the systems website and if we if we supply this kind of idealized test case we're going to want this documentation for it so here I outlined what I used for sediment types we included three sediment types and we put two of those in through the river and then the third sediment type the coarser one we just put on this sediment bed and to get the model looking to kind of deal with some issues of the model behavior we made that sediment bed stuff not be eroded so the only sediment that's actively transported in the test case that we have today is the finer grain stuff that settles at point oh six and about six millimeters per second and let's see the I think I've covered a lot of this already so the boundary conditions we had to change the boundary conditions that came with the normal ROMs and I think what's most relevant for for thinking about what's going on in the model today is that the the river flow and the long shelf current are both specified as boundary conditions so they're both specified as kind of point sources of water with the river flow set up to get 1500 cubic meters per second and the along shelf current set up to give five centimeters per second depth average currents and we're using MP data for the tracers with the sediment transporting sediment we found that MP data is needed to have stability in the sediment field the bottom boundary layer model is the wave current interaction of Madsen 94 and in ROMs language it's coded as the SSW option which stands for the the guys at the USGS so what I'm going to just show you what different what you can do with this type of model I have examples from the class that I taught so I have grad students take this class and it's kind of a computer lab class and each each couple of weeks we do a different idealized case and what they do is they first look at the model run that Julia and I got to run and then they make changes to the model run and write up a lab report on what they found okay so I took figures from their work to show you examples of what what kind of stuff you guys can plot with the River Plume 2 test case so here the top panel is the model grid that they used so for this this student used more grid cells than we're using they used a hundred grid cells in the cross shelf and two hundred grid cells in the long shelf so the one we're using is about a quarter of the size and and one reason we went to a smaller size is so to run more quickly and the river mouth comes in at grid cell about about a hundred and eighty here but in the model we'll run it comes in at grid cell 61 and then the boundary conditions that we used in class were really different but I really liked how this student this student by the way got the highest grade in the class and one reason was his lab reports were always so well organized I liked how he provided the boundary conditions in his lab right up so I'm going to show four examples of student work the first two changed the river discharge and then the third played with the advection scheme for the tracers and the fourth changed the boundary conditions of the model so the first example is from Britt Dean she's a biology student at VIMS and she wanted to she had the idea that a lot of our rivers are in drought now and so she wanted to run the model to see what it would be like in drought so she cut the river discharge off and so her to her figure on the top is a time snap from the two model runs with the left panel being the normal discharge of 1500 cubic meters per second and the right hand panel being reduced discharge and so she's plotting with the color the salinity and their arrows in there that represent the velocity and so the main difference is when she you know when she cut the river discharge down her salinity prune got much thinner and also I think the velocities in the plume changed the next model experiment that was done was this student also changed river discharge but they they took the baseline cases their test case number two and they have been kind of doubled the river discharge and then they analyzed how the plume area changed and the how far from shore the plume extended okay and so so here and then they provided two figures the first figure is sea surface elevation because when the plume comes out that influences the density field on the shelf and so you get changes to sea surface elevation so here they're showing the middle is the 1500 cubic meters per second and then the red is areas where the sea surface is elevated relative to mean kind of mean sea level so you see that as the freshwater discharge increase the sea surface elevation in the plume increase okay and then the arrows represent the currents and then the next panel and the same model runs and here they plotted the salinity versus the stream the stream functions and so you see that as the freshwater discharge increases we get a bigger plume but we also start to get a recirculation in the plume that's why so you have those that kind of spiral showing that the the plume is setting up a bus and Eddie and then the third example these students wanted to compare advection schemes and so they had their model run with the left hand panel is using a fourth order advection scheme and the right hand panel is using the MP data and I didn't so I'm a little surprised at how what their results were but I didn't go back and double-check their results so here you see as the as a as a model run goes on it's it's ticking away at time that's day 20 day 22 you see as it as it goes on in time the mob the MP data run gets unstable which to me is opposite of how it's supposed to be but but so what they're plotting in their movie is the salinity field in color and then they're using arrows to plot the velocity and at the top they have their timestamp so now we're up to about day 75 so that's showing suppose so the two models are set up exactly the same the only difference is the advection scheme that was used for salinity and they also set up I like the lots as we look in plan view but it's a 3d model so it's nice to look sometimes at a transect so here they plotted a transect across the river mouth and you know all the action is up where the freshwater plume is in the river mouth and so what you see is that even even we set up the model to have uniform discharge coming in at the river mouth but an estuarine circulation sets up really quickly so that we have kind of the salt water coming in under the freshwater that's going out and that ended up making us trap a lot of our sediment in our little estuary once we put sediment transport in and then the last model run this student Danielle Tarpley Smith changed the the way that the boundary conditions were treated and it and the way that the the way that we're going to run the model is more like her test case where she she changed the the model the way the free surface the sea surface elevation was treated so in the standard model that they ran the eastern boundary was closed and the sea surface elevation was allowed to change but in her test case she clamped the sea surface elevation so that we wouldn't get kind of this large surge of water coming in so here's a time series plot so the top panel shows her sea surface elevation in the standard model you see we got she got about 10 centimeters of sediment added to the not sediment but water added to the water column because of the way the open boundaries were acting but when she clamped that to be to be a small number then the test then that case ran better so the case that we're going to run today we used a clamped sea surface elevation instead of the one that had come in the in the model all right so unless there are questions about that then we're ready to give you guys some of the model output I'm going to show you what some of the model output names are and then we have this file ocean his CS DMS 3 NC that's a model output file and we can put them on your computers either using flash drives or you can download them from an FTP site right it's on the FTP site and then you can analyze the model and after you do that for a little while we can think about what we'd like to run differently in the model and that this is a kind of ideas of of tools that you can use here today we can use MATLAB for looking at the model output if you have access to beach you could run the code today but if you want to try some of this later on your own time if you have access to beach you can run the code there if you want you could take the source code and recompile it to run on your own computer at our in our lab we tend to look to to use some toolboxes SNC tools and NC toolbox to analyze the model people who are fans of Python have developed a toolkit called pyroms and then for more general kind of questions and informations the ROMs community kind of follows the what the wiki and the forum at the ROMs website there on the next two panels I say what's in the output file okay so I have it set up grid information 2d variables and 3d variables so the grid information you've got your horizontal grid points the vertical grid points the water depth and the sediment bed grid and then time is really in time is also kind of great the time grid and so the panel on the columns on the left are kind of wet in English you would call the variable the column in the middle is what the output file calls the variable so it calls the the middle of the grid cells are called x row and y row and then the column on the right tells you the units so x row and y row are stored in meters the vertical grid Z isn't in the history file so you need to run a Matlab script to get those z values the water depth is called h and so the water depth is kind of the bathymetry that's the standard water depth and then overlaying on that is the sea surface elevation that gives you total water depth the sediment bed grid is in bed thickness is the name of the variable and then the time is called ocean time and that's in seconds 2d variables that are stored are depth average velocity so that's u bar and v bar okay then the total bed stress I'm not quite sure who gave it this name but I call it bavuster and bavuster and usually leave off the CW max but but it says it stands for bed u or v component of the stress for the current and wave maximum value so usually what I do is I read in bavuster and bavuster and I square them and add them and take the square root to get something that I call tell b and those are in Pascal's the sea surface elevation is zeta in meters so that's going to be the change to the overall water depth and the wave orbital velocity is called u bot and v bot and then the 3d variables that are in the history file that I mean they're actually a lot more 3d variables I just kind of wrote the ones that I tend to look at the velocities are u v and w and they're going to be at the u v and w points so they're going to not be at the same location they're not going to have the same size so if you want to get total speed which would be u squared plus v squared the square root of it Julia wrote a an M file that interpolates everything to the row point so you can get the total speed the tracer concentrations are salt and temperature and there they are calculated in the middle of the grid cells the sediment concentrations in turn their units are kilograms per cubic meter and they're called mud oh one mud oh two mud oh three which is another example of a I would say a poor choice of name because it makes you think that you're running a cohesive model right but but you're not it's a non cohesive model but the variable names are mud oh one mud oh two and mud oh three the bed sediment you can get the thickness of the layers and is in bed thickness but a lot of times I look at the mud the the fraction the amount of each sediment type in each bed layer is stored in mud mass oh one mud mass oh two and mud mass oh three so these the one two and three are because we have three grain classes if you had seven grain classes you'd have mud mass oh one all the way up to mud mass oh seven okay so if you want to get so that's going to the bed sediment is going to be the amount of each sediment class in terms of kilograms per square meter for each bed layer so if you want to get the total amount of size class one on the bed you can just sum it you sum up all the kilograms per square meter for all of your 10 layers and that gives you the kilograms per square meter of that size class on the bed okay are there questions about that or you might have questions once you get into it okay so now we're gonna give you the output file and you can play around with making some figures maybe for 20 minutes and then think about what kind of different what you would like to change in the model to try and start another model run that can run that we can get running before the coffee break all right so if you want to work in Matlab but you don't have Matlab can you you want to go find a buddy and if you if you have maybe raise your hand if you have to get the I need to go what the next slide says where you can get the data so you could get both the model output and M files that will help you analyze the model output we have it on thumb drives or you can get it try and get it from the FTP site okay so maybe raise your hand if you would like Tara or Julia or me to help you get the data on from the thumb drive Chris I think that might be the quickest easiest approach you guys can you guys I'm gonna get a drink of water and maybe in a few minutes we'll pause this and we can talk about what kind of model runs we might like to do while and if anyone wants directions on how to run it later we're being on the thumb drive files to see what is the cut or well we collect it rolling so we'll figure we're gonna edit you know edit at the dead spots as far as what are you talking about so you're done with her okay I'll keep an eye you're gonna talk at all maybe like you know say like something like that


God is good and all the time amen amen we believe the truth that God is good in our lives and there's no one better than Jesus and now no one can love us no one can have more compassion have more mercy on us no one can take care of us better than he can do he is better to us than we even to our own self sometimes we even beat ourselves down we condemn ourselves but Jesus he loves on us he cares for us he forgives us and he has mercy on us and that's why we always declare we always remind to each other and to ourselves that God is good and all the time that's right if you've been coming to our church if you've been coming to our church for some time now you've noticed that we we always have few few subjects that we talk about it and we just change the titles and our messages and we continuously every single service to to talk about it in and emphasize on it is because when when there's something if you want something to live by something you have to only always constantly remind yourself of it you'll always in order to keep focus in your life in order in order to to be sharp in your life you always have to have focus and focus comes out of repetition of doing same thing over and over again if you look in athletes lives for example I'm like Kobe Bryant don't judge me okay you know and he before he starts up his practice technical practice you know in the morning he put up a thousand shots and he's been already doing that for 20 years he doesn't need to he probably can do in blindfolded but the reason why he does it so he can stay focused the reason why we continue to talk about same thing over and over again so that we can be focused and we can achieve what God has placed for our lives and for our church amen amen that's right as I'm gonna go ahead and open to Genesis chapter 25 and I'm just gonna I'm gonna talk while you open today what I want to talk about is I want to talk about the Holy Spirit I want to talk about the importance of having Holy Spirit in our lives having a relationship with the Holy Spirit in our lives in a New Testament the New Testament really is about the Holy Spirit and it reveals to us the Holy Spirit and who he is and what he came here to do in the Old Testament Holy Spirit was prophesied about we actually even have the scripture right here from Acts 2 17 but that that scripture is actually a reference of an Old Testament scripture it says it shall come to pass the gods as I will pour out of my spirit and throughout the prophets God prophesied about the Holy Spirit and then Jesus came on this earth he came to die on the cross to shed his blood to redeem us to make us holy and made so then that Holy Spirit can be with us and then whole Jesus constantly in his life he talked about the Holy Spirit and he said and mentioned multiple occasions that said he said that it's better that I go and because the one the wonder is to come he'll be better for you he was talking of the Holy Spirit so Holy Spirit is a very important person in that we need to know as as Christians as a people that as people that believe in God we need to know the person of the Holy Spirit Holy Spirit who is the Holy Spirit he is a third person of Trinity now when we say he is a third person of Trinity got the father son and the Holy Spirit when we mentioned that he's a third person of Trinity we don't we don't mean that he's a third on the importance list that means that God the father is the most important Jesus is the second most important and a Holy Spirit is a third and you know that nobody remembers people in third place many if I ask you about you know even last year Super Bowl okay you know we might remember the who who won the first you know who got the Super Bowl title we might remember who they who this who's the second contender was but we quickly forget at least I don't remember who was in the third place if there is such a thing okay we just we quickly forget we don't remember who's the third and that's not who the Holy Spirit is he is not third in importance he's actually very very important he's just as important as the father and as Jesus so we need to understand that in order for us to have a good relationship with the Holy Spirit another thing that I want you to remember and I want you to to get it deep in your mind is that relationship with the Holy Spirit is only available and is only based on the blood of Jesus it's not based on who you are it's not based on how good you are it's not based that that this week you read the Bible and you prayed and you feel good about it and you feel deserving to have of the Holy Spirit it's based strictly and solely on the blood of Jesus Jesus is the only foundation for our relationship with the Holy Spirit one of the reasons that Jesus had to come on this earth before the Holy Spirit came is so that he could pave the way for Holy Spirit to come and that way was the blood of Jesus it was the redemption of Jesus it was a sanctification that we received so anytime you feel like you've sinned too much anytime you feel like you're not deserving of the Holy Spirit anytime you've you feel like you can't talk to him you always refer back to the blood of Jesus you always refer back to the cross it's not what you have done it's what he has done and because of the blood of Jesus today you can have a relationship with the Holy Spirit amen to know the Holy Spirit is to know happiness is to know greatness is to know love to know the Holy Spirit is really to know who you really are think about it God created you and he knows you he knows who you are he knows your talents your gifts your capabilities things you can do things that you sometimes don't even know things that you know I hated pickles when I was little right and I thought that's what I didn't I didn't like because I thought that's what I don't like but then as I grew up I began to discover that I actually like pickles you know same thing with other things I hated Chinese food and then came to love it right so sometimes you think what you know about yourself quickly changes and then you finally kind of unravel discover sometimes we start a career we think oh this is exactly what I want to do in life and then we graduate from college we start doing it and then we discover you hate doing it but Holy Spirit knew all along that that's something you'd not like it I have a body of mine that when got a degree in computer engineering and some high tier you know spent six years whatever went and got a job at at Hanford or PNNL one of those related nuclear related jobs and was making really really good money forty five dollars an hour that's a really really good money okay and but he was sitting in a cubicle you know in a cubicle all day long and when I met him I actually run into him in gas stations okay I haven't seen you blah blah blah since high school you know how you're doing you know the stuff you know how you like a new job he's like dude I'm quitting either I'm gonna kill myself or I'm gonna I'm gonna quit the job he's like I can't do this he's like I can't I can't sit in a cubicle eight hours a day I was like but dude you spent six years and a hundred grand on the college he's like I know but I can't do I don't like this job and so he went and started construction business he's actually doing quite well and so the point is that sometimes we think we know ourselves but we don't in reality at the end Holy Spirit knows us and if we get to know the Holy Spirit we really get we will rediscover ourselves we will discover who we are truly made to be who we are on inside amen and so to have a relationship with the Holy Spirit is very much important and I want to tell you something that you know if you noticed in our church actually we talk a lot about it almost every single message we mentioned about the Holy Spirit we sin about him we sin to him and we really even a lost song lost song that we were singing we were singing to the Holy Spirit say I don't want to talk about you like you're not in a room I don't want to talk about you something that's vague something that's you know a little cloud in the sky I want to talk to you like a person look in your eyes and speak to you personally and that's what the Holy Spirit is Holy Spirit is a person and he wants to have a relationship with us and he wants to have fellowship with us so let's go down right in the scripture and we're gonna talk about this story from the Bible and we're gonna draw a couple lessons for ourselves and we're gonna and then we're gonna pray so Genesis chapter 25 verse 29 one day when Jacob was cooking some stew Issa arrived home from wilderness exhausted and hungry Issa said to Jacob I'm starved give me something give me some of the red stew this is how Issa got his other name Adam which means red alright Jacob replied but trade me your right as a firstborn of firstborn son look I'm dying of starvation said Issa what good is my birthright to me now but Jacob said first you must swear that your birthright is mine so Issa swore an oath thereby selling all his rights as a firstborn firstborn to his brother Jacob then Jacob gave Issa some bread and lentils to Issa ate the meal then got up and left he showed a contempt for his rights he showed contempt for his rights as a firstborn son so this is a story of two brothers they were actually twins Issa was born first Jacob was born second in that culture and those times firstborn had everything firstborn you mean I meant that you get all your father's possessions that means that only you get your possessions you also you are respected in society more your word means something also your siblings are your servants that will serve you means they're not necessarily your slaves but they they kind of serve you they look up to you you are the top you pretty much like the top dog in the neighborhood type of a thing and they they are accountable to you they they they address you you know sir yes no type of a thing and so firstborn meant a lot on top of that and in in this family it was a godly family the blessing that was hanging over their life meant even more than any possession or anything because that blessing would continue with them God was watching over those words and he would put their ways together guide them lead them in many different ways so the first first firstborn right was very very valuable and very expensive in a sense and was very prestigious and very very honorable and if you were firstborn you were lucky if you were not if you were second born or anything after that you were not so lucky you were kind of a leftover that's pretty much what it was and I want to compare from the story first first birth birthright as Holy Spirit Bible says that when we upon our salvation we received the Holy Spirit we received a right to be called the sons and daughters of Christ of God and we received we were Bible says in Philippians 413 that we were sealed by the Holy Spirit onto the day of our redemption so I want us to see from the story Holy Spirit birthright as Holy Spirit and I want us to look at the life of Jacob and life of Isa and draw some lessons for ourselves so that we can position ourselves better in life and so that we can be successful in our walk and our relationship with the Holy Spirit first I want you to see first I want you to see the the significance of the Holy Spirit we talked about significance of birthright and we compared it to to the Holy Spirit to have any relationship with the Holy Spirit I want us to I want us first of all to understand this when we were when we were born into God's family we received Holy Spirit in our heart Holy Spirit right now lives in your heart and my heart if you are born again Christian Holy Spirit is with you you have the Holy Spirit and sometimes we throw these words around and we say yes Holy Spirit is with us Holy Spirit is on my side and we we kind of toss this words around without really understanding who the Holy Spirit is and what comes with the Holy Spirit in order for us to understand that better I want us to take a look at few characters in the Bible in the Old Testament to really see who the Holy Spirit is what he's capable of doing and what it really means to have Holy Spirit in our lives first I want us to look at the story of David I want us to look at his life David is a shepherd's boy David is the youngest in the family and he is a nobody historians think that David most likely was born out of wedlock and he was not part of the family in a sense that all of the brothers one out of one family and he was from a different family so he was treated differently I mean think about it if somebody's important from your family a good family friend coming to town and your parents are excited that gathering together the crew they're getting together symbol and they invited everybody by besides you to the table how would you feel about that you would feel pretty rejected you feel like you're not a part of the family you feel like you're nobody this is exactly what's happening to David here comes a prophet Samuel he's a he's a big shot he's a big deal if he's coming to your town if he's coming to your house it is a big deal and he says call all your children I want to dine with you and I want to anoint one of your sons as a king and Jesse the father invites everybody besides David then we see from the story that David was a reject he was nobody he was lonely he was sort of all by himself and we see when eventually Samuel calls upon David and he's anointing anointed in Old Testament represented that you that you had Holy Spirit you have to understand and in Old Testament not everybody had Holy Spirit only few people had Holy Spirit those people that had the Holy Spirit were the kings priests and prophets that's it I mean you can already see from these three categories that Holy Spirit is a big deal Holy Spirit is is something valuable something important and so here is David in here is David comes he becomes he gets anointed by the oil Holy Spirit comes upon him the thing is a right at that moment just like in a Jacob story nothing changes Jacob still goes back to do his own thing Isaac he continues to do his own thing but something shifted in a spiritual world David goes back to wilderness to feed the flock and attend to the flock he is nobody but one moment comes in a position comes a bear and he goes at it at him and defeats the bear now it's cute when you hear the story but it's a whole different thing when you run into one and you begin to wrestle one just recently I read a story some Marine went hiking in the woods and you know Marines they're tough guys and ran into a bear and guess what he wasn't so lucky if it wouldn't be for his dog to distract the bear just for enough for a few seconds so he can run away that guy would have been dead that's what we're talking about a bear okay a teenager wrestles with the bear and kills it if that was not bad enough okay lion comes around and he kills the lion now let me tell you something about the lion lions are such a strong and powerful animal that a swing of lions tail is about 500 psi now let me translate that if you were standing in his way and he swung the tail he would break both of your legs at once that's the strength of a lion we're talking about his tail we're not talking about his jaw and his paw the swipe of a lion's paw is about that's the best that they could calculate it's 1200 pounds of force when the lion swipes 1200 pounds okay that's like half a car running into you like a mini Cooper okay so we're talking about a teenage boy something changed he kills a lion and then he faces he goes as an errand boy a delivery boy to deliver some food to his brothers while they're deployed in a mission field in the army and he comes around he sees this whole chaos they see this people are scared he comes and he sees that this Goliath twice the size of David he's a man a man he's a warrior from his youth he's covered from head to toe in in all armor he I mean he's just as a as a bed of a warrior you can you can find that's that's Goliath he won many battles David goes up and faces him with the rock and the rubber sling a leather sling and he kills it takes his sword chops his head brings it to the king now that's I don't know what you called it but that's some pretty pretty intense stuff and all because the spirit of God rested on David and then Spirit of God continues to lead him further and further and further and eventually this timid boy reject nobody needs them becomes a king of all nations and if that was not enough he Bible says that he please got so much that God is gonna come and sit on David's throne today David is a legacy today we hear about David his name and mentioned all over the news when we speak of Israel we think of David David star it's the symbol of Israel nation because one person was walking with the Holy Spirit there was Elijah Elijah the prophet when he was surrounded by the army big army there was only two of them and they were not armed he came out with the Holy Spirit and he blinded the army he led the whole army into captivity and they surrendered there was a man named a prophet like a prophet Elijah who spirit of God was upon he prayed to God and God shut the heavens for three years there was no rain and no famine and when he prayed to God once again God opened the floodgates of heaven and rain began to pour down we look in we look in in a in a life of Solomon Solomon is a nobody it's kind of like David the reject he was not supposed to be in a throne he was born out of wedlock I mean this just it's it's not it's not going good for him but God anoints him to be a king and he becomes the wisest person that there ever was and ever will be in the world that's the anointing of the Holy Spirit he becomes the richest person that ever was that ever lived and so far history says that nobody has surpassed the richest that Solomon had because of the person of the Holy Spirit that was with him he was so wise that kings and queens came from afar just to listen to him talk they brought gifts to him that's what the person of Holy Spirit is so when we talk about Holy Spirit a lot of times we begin to forget who he really is what he has to offer we begin to forget the resources that he carries we begin to forget that he is the creator of the universe he has all the connections he has all the resources that we ever needed need or will ever need that he is the greatest person in the universe that we could ever know Jacob was a nobody he was not supposed to be anybody he was supposed to be a servant he was not supposed to be the first he's not supposed to be great history shouldn't remember his name but Jacob because he valued his the birthright because he valued the Holy Spirit because he valued the relationship with the Holy Spirit the guidance of the Holy Spirit he became a person of great influence he became a person that we today talk about and speak about so I hope from these few stories that you begin to understand who we're talking about the person of the Holy Spirit what he has to offer and what he can bring how he can benefit our life we have to understand we are privileged to be with the Holy Spirit we see that Jacob with the Holy Spirit leaves on the journey all by himself but comes back with bunch of riches and influence and fame it's better to be alone but with the Holy Spirit than in a crowd with multitudes it's better to be it's better to cry with the Holy Spirit than to laugh with the crowds it's better to be in pain in your body with the Holy Spirit than to be healthy and have everything want in your life it's better to be poor but with the Holy Spirit than rich and enjoy the riches of this world all these things are temporary because Holy Spirit never leaves anybody broke he never leaves anybody sick he never leaves anybody discouraged he never leaves anybody he never fails those that trust in him and so I want us to continue to look at at their life and compare a few things Issa had everything but he did not value his birthright he had a birthright but he was careless about it today all of us have the Holy Spirit all of us those those that ask Lord Jesus to come to be the Lord of our life he is in us by this Holy Spirit in our hearts all of us have them but not everybody values them the same not everybody puts the same value on the Holy Spirit we see that Jacob he valued the birthright he treasured it he wanted it he was covenant it while he didn't have it but Issa had it and he was really really careless about it he didn't know what he had he did know what he meant to him until he lost it Bible says that he cried bitterly when he realized he lost his birthright so I want to tell us is that it's it's the value that we place on our relationship with the Holy Spirit that will determine how we will benefit from him you see in some churches Holy Spirit not talked about it he's not addressed as a person a lot of times he addressed just as a feeling as some kind of cloud many times Holy Spirit and his movement and the man of God that he uses and the manner that he uses them is being criticized is being mocked and therefore you see that in those churches Holy Spirit doesn't do much Holy Spirit doesn't heal people he doesn't set people free people's lives don't get permanently changed and church is dead and full of religion I remember here in the stories some Chinese Christians came to United States and as you know Chinese Christians they go into persecution from the government and they they they can't have an open meetings and when they get caught with the Bible or having meetings they go to prison and so they have to rely a lot on the Holy Spirit and Holy Spirit is really active in there in their midst in there in those churches and churches are growing Christians are Christians are get people are getting saved and converting to Christianity on daily basis by thousands and so when they some came to visit America and they visit some American churches the visit some churches in America they and so they asked them at the airport they before they departed so what do you think of churches in America and they and they said with a smirk and a face is that we're surprised how much church can do without the Holy Spirit and so that has to show is that the Holy Spirit if you don't value him if you don't appreciate him if you don't spend time with him if you don't want him then you will have very little benefits of him you can live your life without him you can live you can quickly get into religious routine and church will just become a check mark church will become just a routine for you you quickly gonna begin to judge other people because maybe they're not as good as you are because you don't have that relationship with the Holy Spirit you don't have that real tangible relationship with God Jacob was nothing but because he valued his birthright because he valued his relationship with the Holy Spirit he became a great person I want to ask you today what does Holy Spirit mean to you what does relationship with the Holy Spirit mean to you are you spending time with the Holy Spirit are you spending time daily in prayer are you spending time daily in the Word of God are you spending I use do you spend every single day do you take time and do you take that moment to recognize the Holy Spirit as a person that he is with you that he is there with you do you recognize him that he you know he's a person that has his own will he has his own goals has his own passions has his own desires and then he wants to partner up with you that he wants to work with you I want to ask you how much value do you put today on the Holy Spirit how much does he mean to you or is he something that you just talk about as a cliche or he see the person that you treasure him the most you you you rely on him every single day of your life you know Holy Spirit when Holy Spirit comes he changes your status he changes of who you are maybe circumstances don't change at the moment we see in life of Jacob we see in a life of David when when they receive their birthright when they receive that anointing upon their life their life didn't change immediately David didn't become a king at right at that moment he didn't become respected influential he didn't become people didn't become follow didn't start following him right at that moment but when he got that relationship with the Holy Spirit when he cultivated when he held on to it Holy Spirit slowly but surely developed him into this great leader great king a person of influence a person that we all inspire and want to be like today and same thing with the Jacob I want to tell you that Holy Spirit is not looking for perfect people Holy Spirit is not looking for people that have things put together like I mentioned right in the beginning that our relationship with the Holy Spirit is not based on what we can do for him and what we deserve or if we're some kind of special people our relationship with him is based solely on the blood of Jesus what Jesus has done and Holy Spirit is not looking for perfect people he's looking for people that value him he's looking for people that are willing to spend time with him he's looking for people that are willing to sacrifice an hour two in the morning to come just spend time with him spend time in his words spend time talking to him spend time listening to what he has to say and receive his guidance Jacob you know Jacob he was a thief and he was a liar he was a not really an honorable man eventually he changed God changed him but because he had that birthright because he had Holy Spirit in his life Holy Spirit guided him all throughout the life he helped him to overcome his mistakes he helped him to overcome his character he helped him to overcome his bad habits and addiction and eventually made him a great man David he was a cheater unfaithful and he was yeah he killed a person he murdered a person when he was actually his fault to cover his faults I mean that's a terrible terrible person I mean this person we would have no regards for such a person today and we would we would not even want him probably to see a church but because he valued the Holy Spirit so much God was willing to overlook and forgive all those things and bring him out of the mistakes even though he paid a heavy price for it and still make him a great man I want to tell you whatever you're facing through whatever you're going through whatever maybe you're an ex-con criminal a prostitute a whoever maybe you come from bad family maybe you come from bad family tree nobody made it in your life you you're nobody maybe you were next drug dealer who's talking to one a couple weeks ago he said God can't forgive me because you know I deal drugs and I sold drugs to people to teenagers too and I'm you know and he can't forgive himself while God can forgive everybody and everything if we're willing to value his spirit if we're willing to value what he asked for us and we see that David one thing David knew really he David knew really well because he saw him Saul when Saul became disobedient Saul had the Holy Spirit he was anointed he was just like David and he disobeyed God on the multiple occasions and God took the spirit of God from him even though Saul still remained a king he still had an army he still had a kingdom but David saw all of this throughout his life and he saw how it is important to have the Holy Spirit and so when it came to him when it came to David he David knew very well for what he did the dishonesty that he did for the fact that he killed an innocent blood David could have easily lost the kingdom but the amazing part to me about David is that David did not care about his kingdom he did not care he did not ask God God please don't take the kingdom from me God please don't take the influence from me God please don't take this or that from me don't take my money don't take my my armies he didn't care for all of it the only thing that David was crying out for is God don't take your spirit from me even a murderer even a person that took advantage of a woman he still was able to be called a man after God's own heart because he hold on to the Holy Spirit said yeah I'm not perfect I'm not I messed up take the kingdom take everything from me I will be in the caves in the deserts running be a haunted man like I was for half of my life but as long as I'm with your spirit please have your spirit don't take your spirit from me David valued the spirit of God he he wanted it he desired it he covered it and therefore God was not ashamed to call him a man after his own heart so I want to tell you is that doesn't matter what you've done doesn't matter the mistakes you've done we all have done many mistakes but as long as you learn to value the Holy Spirit in your life as long as you learn to value relationship with the Holy Spirit as long as you learn to to to spend time with him to constantly come back to him when you sin when you make a mistake not to run away from him as long as you make up your mind that you and him are forever together and nothing can break you apart God will honor you God will help you to overcome every mistake he will help you to overcome every setback in your life he will have you he'll help you to overcome anything that stands against you everything was against Jacob he wasn't supposed to be anybody he was supposed to be a nobody but because he valued his birthright he valued the Holy Spirit he valued the guidance of the Holy Spirit today he's remembered as one of the heroes of faith and today we look up to him and if he was persistence and perseverance that's something that Jacob had he held on to it I want us to examine our lives I want us to look at our lives to see do we value the Holy Spirit his Holy Spirit important to us do we see for the Holy Spirit for who he is as a great and mighty person do we see as a privilege to know him as to have to have a relationship with him there was another man we named Moses and I want you to think about his life Moses this great leader now I mean his fame spread throughout that throughout the land nations fear Moses when they pass by they beg him to leave them alone that's how they would send gifts and send representatives before him they would ask so nation Moses pretty much is this this big mean well he isn't really mean but I'm saying mean like he is this big dude he's like United States let's just compare United States in this in this days and time just bullies everybody around says one thing and does it and doesn't matter if the world agrees with them or not that's pretty much how Israel and Moses was this big leader and then God gets fed up with the nation of Israel he can't take them no more because they keep disobeying him they keep to keep disappointing them and he says Moses you go you take those people to the promised land I'll take you to the promised land I even will send my angels to make sure you get to the promised land but I am not going with you my spirit is not going with you you know think about it what if God came to you today and said Susan or whoever you are okay I will make your wildest dreams come true I will give you what I promised I will send my angels to make sure they protect you all the way all the way there but I am not going with you would you what would you say at that moment why would you answer to God would you say oh great that sounds good I mean these are angels okay that's that's good enough for me I wonder sometimes as Christians if we settle for the blessings of God if we settle for few small things that God can provide for his protection for his for his peace for his joy for for just just for the comfort and with that neglect the Holy Spirit with that get comfortable when it was hard when it was tough we ran to church we prayed we fasted we promised God to do everything we went to church every Sunday we went to church every Wednesday we went to church on Friday night prayers we came in the morning prayers we were after God's heart we were running after God as soon as God changed our lives as soon as those additions that we struggle and are there no more as soon as God gave us that love about life the girl that boy that fiance or whatever as soon as we got that car the house we wanted we got that promotion that job open the business things are going well now all of a sudden we're too busy now all of a sudden we don't have time for God we don't have time to come to prayer all of a sudden we don't have time to to go and talk with somebody spend few dollars to take somebody to coffee to talk to them about God to listen to the problems to pray for them now all of a sudden we're busy to do what God wants us to do and I wonder if at that moment we exchange our birthright for stew we take the blessings of God temporary pleasures and exchange for the person himself see with the Holy Spirit you can go through thick and thin at the end you'll come out victorious but without Holy Spirit even if you have the whole world at the end you will go bankrupt in your soul that's why a model 21 years old that just just starting her life got the biggest contract model in career in her life and the next day go through go throws herself in New York off of 22nd story building or a people that I listened to a testimony of Mel Gibson the year I mean he was very successful one of those years he was very successful he was named the hardest man alive he was I mean he made couple movies they hit the box thing called and I mean he was on top of his he's he was on top of his game and at that very moment drinking himself and thinking how to commit suicide we see that you would have you can have all the things in the world but if you don't have God if you don't have relationship with the Holy Spirit at the end it all will be empty and meaningless those things were only meant to complement our relationship with God those things were only meant to show how good God to us is he wants to give us the world he wants to give us a wildest dreams he wants to bring us the big the biggest dreams that we have in our lives but the question is will we be faithful to maintain relationship will be faithful to fight for our birthright like Jacob did will we be at the moment of our highest calling at highest achievements we'll be able to say what Moses said God I don't care about all these things I don't care about being the best nation in the world I don't care about even getting your promises that you promise if you're not going with us I'm not going anywhere or being like David say God you take everything I don't care house cars money possessions women fame but if you take your Holy Spirit from me I can't live no longer and so we have to we have to we have to examine our lives we have to examine our focus we have to examine our motives we have to examine do we hardly review the Holy Spirit he became just a puppet to us he became just another cliche to us he became just you know another thing that we talk about or we say or it's a real person that we have a real conversation with that we commit our life to him for reals have we made a exchange our birthright first to for temporary blessings of God or have you maybe or or are we holding on to that relationship with God the thing is about Jacob he left alone but with the Holy Spirit he came back wealthy rich influential I want to tell you when you put your relationship with God as a priority God will never never leave you to your own self God will never disappoint you God said I will always be faithful to those who trust in me God has not failed one person in the history he will not fail you maybe today you're coming out of broken family you coming out of a family that just just rich curses and you you know you see people on there's curse of drinkiness constant divorces there's a constant fighting in the homes just nothing good you can't you look around and you see you know there's nothing nothing good in your family and nothing good around you in your friends and you feel like you are disadvantaged I want to tell you that Jacob was a disadvantage if you make a decision today like Jacob to hold on to relationship with the Holy Spirit God will take you out God will bring you out God will help you to overcome every challenge and if you continue to hold on to him at the end of the day he'll make you a person that you never think you could become he will work on your character he will remove the things the flaws that bug you the mistakes that you wish like if I could only overcome this if I can only become this I can be success so Holy Spirit can empower you to do that today and everybody today I can have a relationship with the Holy Spirit last thing I'm gonna finish with is that when you begin to have a relationship with the Holy Spirit Holy Spirit begins to give you dreams he begins to give you resurrect your dreams Holy Spirit is never a taker he's always a giver when you begin to spend time with the Holy Spirit we see the first thing that when Jacob receive his birthright after he became a haunted man he was a nobody the now he became a nobody and hunted by his brother who Bible says was very skillful hunting that's not a good place to be in and first thing that he receives as a revelation every time you choose to make a relationship with the Holy Spirit priority every time you choose to spend time with the Holy Spirit every time you choose to spend time in his word every time you choose to spend time in prayer first thing that you will receive is you're gonna begin to receive a revelations from God revelation who God is in your life revelation who he he is in your life you begin to receive revelations after we see Jacob he begins to receive a revelation God begins to take him God begins to take him even further God begins to give him God begins to give him thoughts God begins to give him strategies we see that Jacob was constantly cheated constantly lied upon he can't he was he constantly he couldn't break out of that cycle of poverty in his life he served 14 years and there's nothing to show for his life and then God comes to him and he begins to give him a strategy he begins to speak to him he gives him a strategy how to become wealthy and we see that out of like very short amount of time he becomes a very wealthy man that people around him begin to feel threatened because he becoming wealthy and powerful when you walk with the Holy Spirit first thing he will give you revelation you will discover who he is and who you are in him second of Holy Spirit will begin to give you strategies how to become who he called you to become maybe he called you to become a doctor he will give you strategies watch college to go how to pay for it he will provide the resources maybe he called you into the ministry he will show you how to do it he will teach you what to do he will show you how to be successful he will show you he will give you the knowledge and the strategy what to do if he called you to be anything that you can think of Holy Spirit has all the resources all the knowledge all the power all the connections that you need to get you to give it a strategy to get you to where you need to be so I want to tell you today renew your relationship with the Holy Spirit renew your commitment to follow Holy Spirit renew your attention to the Holy Spirit renew your value of who the Holy Spirit is begin to see Holy Spirit for who he is like an Almighty God begin to see him as a person begin to see him as a as a as a being that has his own feelings his own thoughts as a person that wants to communicate with you to lead you and guide you and take you to the places that you never dreamed of could be possible I want I want us to all sit up on our feet and we're right now we're gonna go into the Son of worship and we're gonna begin to after that we'll begin to pray and ask God that today our relationship with the Holy Spirit will be renewed that today our value of him will be renewed that today we can walk with him walk in his newness and his power in Jesus mighty name


Today we are going to discuss a topic on virtualization in cloud computing. The learning outcome of this topic are at the end of this session the students will be able to explain the different types of virtualization in cloud computing. Also students will be able to identify the need of virtualization in cloud computing. So the virtualization in cloud computing now here we will discuss different types of virtualizations such as hardware or server virtualization, network virtualization, storage, memory, software, data and desktop virtualization. First we will see the introduction of virtualization. Virtualization is a kind of technology that is rapidly transforming the IT landscape and has changed the way people compute. It reduces hardware utilization, saves energy and cost which makes it possible to run multiple applications and various operating systems on the same server at the same time. So it increases the utilization, efficiency, flexibility of existing computer hardware. Now virtualization has three characteristics that makes it ideal for cloud computing. The first characteristic is partitioning. In virtualization many applications and operating systems are supported in a single physical system by partitioning that is separating the available resources. The second characteristic is isolation. Each virtual machine is isolated from its host physical system and other virtualized machine. Because of this isolation if one virtual instance crashes it does not affect the other virtualized machine. So in addition data is not shared between one virtual container and another. The third characteristic is encapsulation. A virtual machine can be represented on a single file. So you can identify it easily based on the service it provides. In a sense the virtual encapsulation process could be a business service. This encapsulated virtual machines can be presented to an application as a complete entity. Therefore encapsulation can protect each application so that it does not interfere with another application. Now we will see the virtualization example. Virtualization is a way to run multiple operating systems and user applications on the same hardware. That is we can run both Windows and Linux on the same laptop. Here you can see how it is different from dual boot. So both operating systems run simultaneously and the operating systems are completely isolated from each other. What makes virtualization possible? There is a software that makes virtualization possible and this software is known as a hypervisor also known as virtualization manager. It sits between the hardware and operating system and assigns the amount of access that the applications and the operating systems have with the processor and other hardware resources. So with the help of hypervisor it is possible to make virtualization. The examples of hypervisors are Hyper-V, Zane, EX, Server, VMware, etc. Now we will see the details of the different types of virtualization. First we will see the hardware or server virtualization. It is the most common type of virtualization as it provides advantages of hardware utilization and application uptime. Hardware virtualization is subdivided into following types that is full, para and partial. In terms of full virtualization it is a complete simulation of the actual hardware takes place to allow software to run an unmodified guest operating system. In para virtualization in this type of virtualization software unmodified runs in modified operating system as a separate system. Then the partial virtualization in this type of virtualization the software may need modification to run. The second one is a network virtualization. It refers to the management and monitoring of a computer network as a single managerial entity from a single software based administrator's console. There are two categories of networks that is internal and external. In internal it provides network like functionality to a single system. External it combines many networks or parts of networks into a virtual unit. Then in terms of a storage virtualization here the multiple network storage resources are present as a single storage device for easier and more efficient management of these resources. It provides various advantages as follows. It improves storage management in heterogeneous IT environment, easy updates, reduced downtime, better storage utilization, automated management. In general there are two types of storage virtualizations. They are block and file. Block works before the file system exists. It replaces the controllers and takes over at the disk level. And in terms of file the server that uses the storage must have software installed on it in order to enable file level usage. Now we will see the memory virtualization. It introduces a way to decouple memory from the server to provide a shared disturbed or network function. It enhances performance by providing greater memory capacity without any addition to the main memory. That's why a portion of a disk drive serves as an extension of main memory. The implementation part, application level integration, then operating system level integration, etc. Software virtualization. It provides the ability to main computer to run and create one or more virtual environments. It is used to enable a complete computer system in order to allow a guest operating system to run. For instance, letting Linux to run as a guest that is natively running a Microsoft Windows OS. So here are the different types of software virtualizations, operating system, application, service. Now we will see the data virtualization. Here we will consider easily manipulate data and know how it is formatted or where it is physically located. It decreases the data errors and workload. Now we will see the desktop virtualization. The introduction part of this is it provides work convenience and security as one can access remotely you are able to work from any location and on any PC. Here in this diagram you will see the virtual desktop infrastructure hosted virtual desktop how they are going to communicate. Now pause a video and write it down your answer state the use of hypervisor in virtualization of cloud computing. Hypervisor or virtual machine monitor runs a guest operating system directly on the CPU. So this only works if the guest OS uses the same instruction set as the host OS. Here in this diagram you are able to see where is the hypervisor is located. In cloud computing you need to support many different operating environments.  The hypervisor is a very practical way of getting things virtualized quickly and efficiently. Now we will see the need of virtualization. Virtualization provides various benefits including saving time and energy, decreasing cost and minimizing overall risk. So also it provides ability to manage resources effectively. It increases productivity as it provides secure remote access. It also provides for data loss prevention. These are the references which I have referred for this particular topic. Thank you one and all.