October is Archives Month, and so in honor of Archives Month, we have Dr. Joe Bassie here today. He is a professor at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. He is also a retired Air Force officer, scientist, and historian, I believe in that order. He is also publishing a book with AMS due out probably about this time next year, which will be using a lot of historical photographs from the NCAR Archives. So he's been here doing research for two days now, and I've learned a great deal from him. And I hope you will too. He's what I would call now my resident expert on Walter or Roberts, even though he's in California. I will be hitting him up for help when I have reference requests. So without further ado, Dr. Joe Bassie. Thanks. Well, thank everybody for coming. I appreciate it. There are other things you all could be doing. So it's nice that some people are interested in history, especially scientists. I'll do respect. Sometimes scientists, they're a little bit ahistorical. But actually, I think this is interesting. The story I try to tell in my dissertation is about how science came to Boulder. And if you're aware of the history of Boulder, you know, Walt Roberts was a key player in that. So a lot of what I do in my dissertation as Walt Roberts kind of at the center. It's not a biography of Walt, but he was a convenient vehicle with which to study locally, things that happened in Boulder in the 40s and 50s, but also to study scientific U.S. science policy and how it evolved from the 30s through the early 60s. So that's kind of what I try to do in my dissertation. Just one small editorial note before we get into this. I'm with Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University slash Worldwide. Worldwide is the virtual campus. So basically, I can teach anywhere I have Wi-Fi. That's kind of what the worldwide means. We have a physical campus in Daytona Beach and another one in Prescott, but I am not on those august faculties. I am on the worldwide faculty. Okay, so why don't we get into this? This needs no introduction, actually, in this audience. In many audiences, this does need an introduction, but obviously the NCAR building, you all know UCAR and NCAR and maybe a little bit about its history. So one of the things I want to explore today, and I'm happy to keep this in kind of a seminar-ish format, is because many of you knew Walt or knew of Walt or his work, so we can have a dialogue as we go on. I'm not big on pontificating. How did Walt Roberts, who's a solar-trained astronomer, wind up as the first director of the United States' first and largest Center for Atmospheric Research? I mean, that's a question that almost begs an answer. How does an astronomer, especially back in the 50s, when disciplines are very well-defined, very well-mapped out, wind up being the first head of the National Center for Atmospheric Research? So this is Walt Roberts. Many of you know him. By the way, I'm not Walt Roberts on the flyer. A number of people have said, this doesn't look like you. I said, that's not me. That's Walt Roberts. Okay, but in any event, here's Walt Roberts up on the mountain in Leadville, so we want to talk a little bit more about Walt and what he was doing. So Walt was always very interested in what he called the practical applications of astronomy. Now, if you took a public opinion poll and asked, what's the most or what's the least applicable or practical science, many people would say astronomy for astrophysics, and I'm one of them. I was trained as such. So, you know, I'm not throwing rocks outside the building here. So basically, Walt believed that there was a way to make astrophysics practical, and Walt's vision was basically through meteorology. He began early in his career. It was early 1940. He was co-author of a paper in effect trying to correlate events on the sun, solar activity, with weather events here on the earth. So this is the sun-weather connection. So Walt was, from the beginning in his graduate school days, had this idea in his head that sun-weather connection is a way to make astrophysics, solar astronomy in particular, useful to society. That's an important thing to know. Where did this come from? He in part picked this up from his mentor, Donald Menzel, Harvard astronomer. Walt went to graduate school at Harvard, studied under Donald Menzel, who's a noted astronomer of that era of mid-20th century. And Walt basically picked up this idea that Donald Menzel used to get funding from a person named Henry Wallace, who at the time was Secretary of Commerce, later goes on to be Vice President. And the ploy, or the argument was, if we can predict solar activity better, we can predict weather better. Therefore, we can improve agriculture. So, and there is a long stream of this thinking that the sun-solar activity affects daily weather, and we're going to talk about that in a minute. So, what do you call this discipline of sun-weather studies? To use some sociology of science terminology, sometimes this is, I think it's fair to call this an intercalated discipline. Any chemists here know what intercalation means? I had to look it up, too. I'm a physicist, not a chemist. But this is borrowed from chemistry. It means to fit something in between. And so, in many ways, what is sun-weather, what do you call sun-weather study? Is it meteorology or is it astronomy? Is it geophysics or is it some combination thereof? Where does it fit into these disciplinary structures? So, we can kind of further break this down. Well, it's kind of an aspect of solar terrestrial physics where we get the sun-Earth connection. And then, specifically, the sun-Earth connection. Under that, we would form the sun-weather connection studies. So, from early in his career, Walt Roberts was a person who was working in this intercalated or this borderland discipline. That was not astronomy, was not totally meteorology, but was in between. And remember, Walt is not a trained meteorologist. He is an astronomer, studies solar astronomy, comes out here to run the original coronagraph up on the mountain. So, Walt's got the idea, let's do sun-weather connection. All right, now, some of you may know this, but often I have audiences that don't understand this sun-weather issue because they say, of course, the sun affects whether you have seasons. Well, that's not what we're talking about. So, well-established is tilt of Earth's axis that causes the seasons. I read about a year or two ago that half of Harvard students don't know why that's why you have students, so why you have seasons. So, take that for what you will. I make sure my students know why you have seasons and it's not distance from the sun. Then you have another well-established effect on climate, the Milankovitch cycles relating to various aspects of the Earth's orbit around the sun. More speculative are the connections between solar activity, things like solar flares, geomagnetic storms, what we now know, coronal mass ejections, which I studied 30 years ago with Bill Wagner, if anybody remembers Bill Wagner here. And the issue is, do those day-to-day variations on the sun, although embedded in the solar cycle, do they affect things like climate or day-to-day weather? Now, we have solar constant, which seems to, after 30 years of observing from space, seems not to be a major issue. Although Charles Greeley Abbott, who was director of Smithsonian for a long time in the early 20th century, believed that there was a variation in solar constant that affected a lot of this research for a long time. And then solar activity, again, the day-to-day variations due to solar cycle, are their short-term day-to-day weather changes. In the 19th century, this was called sunspottery. And this was picked up, maybe through people like Abbott, to Menzel and then Roberts. So that's what we're looking at when we're looking at Walt Roberts' sun-weather connection work, is not the other things. We're looking at the day-to-day variations on the sun affecting day-to-day earth weather. Now, this talk and my work is not to verify or not verify this relationship. And it's problematic in current meteorological thinking. But the issue for us is that Walt did use this. And this was his entree, if you will, into the world of meteorology and atmospheric science. All right, so the problem, how do you make this esoteric subject, astrophysics, practical and direct quote from Walt is to get a demand and a constituency for this. So the rhetorical strategy he used was link day-to-day concerns that concern everyone, that's another Walt quote, in common language. Everybody understands the weather. Nobody does anything about it that old saw. All right, so he wanted to really push hard on this sun-weather connection, tapping into probably the thinking of people like Lockyer and then more relevant to him, Charles Greeley Abbott, when they use similar approaches to actually fund solar science. So this is not just a theoretical exploration or investigation. This is Walt Roberts thinking two steps here. One, make it practical. And if it's practical, I can get money to fund this work, right? So here we're tapping into this whole issue of how is science funded and how does it vary over the decades? So the pitch, this is direct quote from one of Walt's letters to a possible donor, is from researchers of this sort will come information of vast importance. And the last, if present indications continue or borne out, this will be of great importance, right? So this was his approach. Now the question you might get is, did it work? Anybody want to offer an answer? It worked. It worked at least to the point of keeping what is HAO going for a while until more or less Sputnik augmented by some government and happy to say Air Force funding. So who did he get to accept this line of reasoning in the 40s and 50s? The airlines, aviation companies, paper mills? Why do you think paper mills would be interesting? They grow trees. They want to know what's going to be the climate for trees, right, efficacious tree growing. Distilleries, grain, camping, equipment, manufacturers? There was actually one proposal for HAO and Tom might be able to talk more about this and actually be bought out and become a subsidiary of a camping equipment company. Rather than, I'm not making this stuff up. It's all in the archives. Blame Diane and Kate. Or it's in Walt's papers at CU. David Hayes blamed him. But it's in there. Say again. There you go. And various other entities. So it is actually quite amazing, I think, how good Walt was in using this, certainly meteorologists would say even back then this problematic connection between sun and weather to generate funds for his work. This idea was at time sort of mainstream. This is William Herschel, perhaps the greatest observational astronomer of the early 19th, late 18th century. And he was one who advocated of the idea that the sun variations affected earth weather. And he was actually studying wheat growth in England at the time. So this idea goes back at least 200 years to established well-known scientists. So Norman Lockyer, who's a great solar physicist of the 20th, sorry, late 19th, early 20th century, the person, one of the people who discovered helium in the atmosphere of the sun basically was a big advocate of the idea of a sun-weather connection and actually used it at times to try to get funding from the British government to support solar research. So Walt actually had distinguished predecessors in what he was doing, not to mention Menzel, his mentor. This is a direct quote. The 11-year period is not one to be neglected. So this is one you could go out and tell your friends and see how it works. This was from a Smithsonian report in 1900. So he was a very aggressive believer in this idea of the sun-weather connection. Hey, just jumping up a little bit, there's Donald Menzel on the left. And that's Walt Roberts on the right. This is from 1954. All right, you can't answer Tom or anybody who was here at my talk seven years ago. Who's in the middle? Condon. Good. Edward Condon, who were the triumvirate who brought the National Bureau of Science, sorry, National Bureau of Standards lab to Boulder in the early 1950s. Although in my dissertation, I roll in another shadowy character, Senator Big Ed Johnson. And according to documents, I found that the university library here at Archives, he was a lot more influential in what happened here in Boulder than any of these folks would care to admit, especially Condon, who said it was my idea to bring it to Boulder. Well, that's not what Senator Big Ed Johnson said in a sworn affidavit years later. So, and you can go look at it. And his chief of staff put in another sworn affidavit saying that's not what happened. So, you can read it in my dissertation. Oh, sorry. All right. So, what was Walt looking at? Many of you have seen these sorts of pictures before. It's a prominence using coronagraphs and then later other types of instruments, radio astronomy to look at the sun and again to try to link solar activity to weather phenomenon here at the Earth. It wasn't all difficult up there in the mountains in the 1940s. It's Walt and Janet in front of the coronagraph building. Hopefully, that's not how we usually got to work, but I'll take DC traffic over that to be honest with you. All right. So, Roberts crosses the border, these borders or creates sort of advances, this intercalated discipline. So, by necessity, enters the world of meteorology and atmospheric research via sun-weather studies. Even though these were controversial, by doing this, Roberts gets to know people in what community? The meteorological community. He has a very good reputation with the U.S. Atmospheric Science Committee in the 1950s, a U.S. meteorological community, sorry, in the 1950s. And he's authored a number of these papers on sun-weather connection, sometimes alone, sometimes with other folks. And he's actually helped organize conferences here and in other places like Air Force Cambridge Research Lab on sun-weather connection studies. So, this is not an offshoot or some weird study that just occurs when nobody's paying attention. These were big deal things that Roberts was involved with at the time. So, for instance, one of the things he pushed for a while was the influence of solar activity on upper atmospheric low-pressure systems in the North Pacific. So, he wrote some papers on that. So, I argue that Roberts by the late 50s had become bilingual in these cultures, the astronomy culture and in the meteorological culture, atmospheric science culture. So, he is able to navigate this borderland successfully. He's not a trained meteorologist, but he's developed a confidence within the meteorological community of his abilities to think about meteorology. So, what's the result of all of this? Well, NCAR, UCAR is created. Does anybody know what the trigger to create UCAR, NCAR was in 56, 57? It was a report. So, don't disparage committee reports. They can lead to some good things. It was the Orville report. Does anybody know about the Orville report? The Orville commission. Basically, Orville was a meteorologist, I think first name, Howard, I have to check that, who was tasked by Eisenhower to look into weather control. So, a big reason for the existence of UCAR and NCAR was weather control. And you can read the whole chain of events in my dissertation slash book when it comes out. So, basically, once you create NCAR, you have to find a director. There was a short list. Does anybody know who number one was on the list? James Van Allen, right? So, Van Allen, you want to move from Iowa? I won't say anything about that decision. And then, for various reasons, there were other people on the list. Roberts was one. According to Roberts' own recollections, he did not really want the job initially. He was talked into it by the then president of the University of Colorado, Quig Newton. You got to love these names, right? It was J. Quig Newton, former mayor of Denver who took over here. So, that's what I kind of argue. Then, soon after, or about the time this is happening, we get the International Geophysical Year. This is a poster of the era produced by the International Geophysical Year U.S. Commission, which shows the sun and earth. Hey, get it? The sun-earth connection, like the big mural in the building up on the hill, right? So, sun-earth connection is something people are very interested in. Not just sun-weather, per se, but the sun-earth connection in Toto. And that was a big driver for the International Geophysical Year. So, Boulder slash Roberts are in a good position to take advantage of that. And at this point, Roberts has well established himself within the meteorological community. So, he's able to exploit that both for what he would argue was the good of Boulder and then I would argue for the good of Walt Roberts. He got to do something very interesting and at this point kind of segues almost totally into the administration of atmospheric science. So, he's successfully navigated these cultures over a few decades so he can communicate cross-culturally. He's known as an effective administrator at this era at this time. National Academy of Science specifically wants cross-fertilization into atmospheric science. Now, intercalation is a chemical term. Cross-fertilization is a biological term. The idea was after this Orville Commission produced its report was that meteorology wasn't going anywhere. There weren't any significant problems that were being attacked. So, weather control was one issue but more broadly than that people were concerned policymakers that meteorological studies were not bringing to use the quote and I apologize the best men to the field. So, the idea was it might be good to have somebody who's not a meteorologist head this center. That's one of the reasons Van Allen was on the list. At this time is the Cold War, of course. In 57 you have Sputnik. I found a document in Jerome Namayes' papers at the U.C. well Scripps U.C. San Diego basically that talks about the forecast gap that not just was there a missile gap with the Russians or Soviets not that there was just a education gap we weren't going to leave the meteorologists out there was a forecast gap. So, besides weather control we needed an institution that would attract quote the best men and would help reduce this forecast gap with the Soviet Union. And they were related because part of the weather control was who understood weather better and who could forecast better so that's the forecast gap. So, again, Roberts winds up on the short list and eventually he becomes the first director national center for atmospheric research. So, I think this is kind of an interesting story the way this plays out and again you can learn a lot by looking at the career of Walt Roberts. It's a famous picture of I.M. Pei and Walt sitting up there on the hill. The architecture is unique. Do you know why the architecture is unique? My friend Bill Leslie at Hopkins has written some on the architecture of the NCAR building. This reflects or to use a 30 cent word is a reification of what Walt Roberts thought science should be how it should be conducted. It kind of looks like a monastery or medieval castle. That's the way Walt wanted it. Areas where lots of people would bump into each other but ultimately you were sort of in your cell not jail cell, your monkish cell thinking about whatever problems you were thinking about. So, this was very much a manifestation of what he wanted NCAR to be. He also personally picked the site. And so what's unique about NCAR? I mean the building. And it's up on a hill, right? Everybody know American history? Who originally talked about city upon a hill? John Winthrop of the Plymouth Colony. By the way, Walt Roberts grew up about 20 miles from Plymouth. So, NCAR is a city on a hill for scientific and atmospheric studies. And it's kind of a convent. Or not convent, a monastery for these kinds of activities. So, this is very much the manifestation of how Walt viewed science to be and it's a direct result of his interest to make astrophysics applicable by meteorology. The other interesting example is Cliff Palace in Mesa Verde. He took pay to Mesa Verde to show him the kind of architecture. So, it's a monastery as well as a Cliff Palace. Exactly. And people have written about that. I should add, Kim Malville was, the last time he and I had a discussion was about 30 years ago. So, I was happy he was able to come here. And I think we talked about history of astronomy just to segue a little bit. My interests are obviously eclectic and in part because of people like Kim who influenced me during my education because I love solar astronomy. I was a space weatherman in the Air Force but people like Kim kind of indicated to me that there were other ways I could still play in astronomy and space science but do history, which I've always loved. So, thank you for that, Kim. All right, so what does this show us? First of all, the difficulty of navigating subcultures. This is not done a lot. Obviously, Tom is a person who has done something like this but it's because of the way we structure universities, departments, academic disciplines. This is not done a lot. And it is froth with problems if you try to do it. So I think Walt was at a good point in time to be able to do this successfully. I don't know, at least as of today, I would suggest Walt's career as an academic path for new scientists to take. These sorts of unusual arrangements in science can often come from the need to solicit support. So again, the idea that Roberts used the Sun-Weather connection to get funding to run HAO until government largesse opened up after Sputnik. And then the question of interesting offspring disciplines. When I was doing space weather and as Tom has done in the past, it was often hard for me to explain what was I doing because it's not really astronomy, it's not really geophysics, the classic question, there's weather in space. So it is an interesting question in terms of the epistemology and sociology of science on what do you really call solar terrestrial physics? And Tom and I talked about this at AMS is why has there not really evolved a discipline of solar terrestrial physics? It's people that are in other disciplines that kind of play in that pool and then go back to their own disciplines. By the way, who tried to create a discipline of solar terrestrial physics? Walt, Department of Astrogeophysics, which probably came from Menzel too. But the idea is this specifically focus and train people to focus on sun-earth-connection studies. That was the whole point of the Department of Astrogeophysics. And anybody know what happened in 1983 when I was at school? Department of Astrogeophysics went away and became the Department of Astrophysical, Planetary and Atmospheric Sciences. I called it the Department of Everything. So that's an interesting issue where there was some backward motion in terms of, let's say, discipline formation of a true solar terrestrial physics discipline. Could I just comment on another alternative name to astrogeophysics was suggested by Sydney Chapman which is Heliogeonomy. Whoa. So it's interesting, even linguistically, people are still trying to search for ways of expressing what happens in this realm in terms of weather. In this case, in the sense of trying to make it understandable to people. So we talk about space weather and in this particular blurb I have here, space weather being associated with tornadoes. So there always seems to be this urge to kind of take weather terms and apply them to space, I think in part because of this notion of trying to make astrophysics, space physics, applicable and understandable. So not quite the same as what Walt was doing but kind of, I think, broadly in that vein. So that's kind of the overall story. I wanted to segue a little bit. My dissertation's not just about Walt and what we just talked about, it's a lot about Boulder and what happens in Boulder and why. So this is a picture I just got today from the National Institute of Science and Technology and basically this is the crowd that showed up in September 1954 when President Eisenhower dedicated the NBS Labs which was mostly Central Radio Propagation Lab which was the space weather predecessor to the Space Weather Prediction Center. So one of the themes in my dissertation is that Boulder people had a lot to do with science coming to Boulder. First with the CRPL move and then later on with the Blue Line Amendment to put the building up on the hill. And so this time Boulder citizens voted with their pocketbook by making donations to buy land to give to the government to entice the government to locate the NBS Labs here in Boulder as opposed to another front runner with Charlottesville, Virginia for instance and I think Stanford, California. So that's one of the themes again in this story and Walt Roberts is up to his eyeballs in both of these activities but especially this one. So I thought this was an amazing picture. Now of course President Eisenhower's part of the draw but still for the population of Boulder at that time to get a crowd like this is pretty significant I think. So my dissertation kind of takes apart unpackages some of this and what was going on and what really happened behind the scenes both with this and the Blue Line. But I thought you'd find this picture interesting. So with that I've been talking about 35 minutes. Don't want to keep people longer than they really want to be. So any questions or comments? You know I know Kim has history here and some other view. I knew Walt a little bit in passing. I never thought I'd be writing about him 30 years later. Funny how life goes. But it's partially your fault Kim. So forget me into the history thing. So any questions or comments or dialogue? As I say I'd like to kind of keep this in kind of a seminar type format. As long as I've been mentioned I might as well. Sure, sure. The other person who was trying to make astrophysics practical was Carl Kiepenhoier who Walt identifies as being one of the great influences in the establishment of the chronograph at climax. And Kiepenhoier in the late 30s was able and throughout until about 1944 was able to impress the Luftwaffe. Right, yep. That solar physics was necessary for success of the war effort by providing predictions of radio signals to guide German planes to bomb England. And Kiepenhoier established a series of chronograph stations and solar observatories throughout Europe with that in mind. But the interesting thing about Kiepenhoier is he really outfoxed the Third Reich because all that time he was really doing basic solar physics and had really no interest at all in the war effort. And finally in 1944 the Luftwaffe made a cost-benefit analysis and they discovered that solar physics was not benefiting the Luftwaffe at all. Sure. And Kiepenhoier was dismissed from his position. On the other hand, Roberts was doing, as you know, Kim, work for the government. He was providing solar data to what was then the predecessor to the Central Radio Propagation Lab. I think it was called the Interdepartmental Radio Propagation Lab then back in D.C. And as a result, Roberts's Ph.D. dissertation in 1943 when it was approved was born classified. It was one of the first scientific documents that was actually born classified. And then eventually declassified. But yeah, this was seen to have military value and as a former Air Force Base weather person, you can see it still is deemed to have value. So thanks for that. Roberts was not the only person doing solar observing during World War II, I think is the takeaway. Any other questions or comments? Yes. You've held the directorship of Venkar and the presidency of Yukar. Was he director of Venkar before he was the Yukar president? Or did it happen simultaneously? I think, Tom, maybe you know that. Didn't it happen when I think he was not the first president of Yukar, right? But I think pretty soon he assumed both hats. It's somewhere in that realm. I don't know the exact dates. But certainly his influence was major on the location of Enkar. As Diane and I searched, the committee that basically formed Yukar-Enkar and then went about trying to find a location for Enkar told congressmen that they were scouring the nation looking for a good site for Enkar. Well, when it came down to it, once they picked Roberts, Roberts said it's either going to be bolder or you're going to have to get somebody else. And he actually said that. So we couldn't find much evidence. There was this nationwide scouring to try to find other locations. Then in the papers of Alan Waterman, does anybody remember Alan Waterman, the first head of the National Science Foundation, long time head, I think 10, 12 years. I found a memo from Dixie Lee Ray. Anybody remember Dixie Lee Ray, governor of Washington State, who actually was a trained biologist. And she was an assistant to Alan Waterman in the early 60s. And she wrote this 100-page memo basically saying, the short quote is, meteorologists have pulled one over on us talking about the establishment of Enkar. So I think we're far enough into Enkar, Yukar that we're safe now. But that was a document that she was kind of the IG for the NSF. And so part of her portfolio was to look into what had been funded and why. And so she was actually quite adamant that this had been done in not standard channels, the creation of Enkar. And so I would argue the hero, if hero or goat, depending on your view, would be Earl Dressler. He was the NSF person that really pushed for Enkar and pushed for Boulder. And I've got documents in my dissertation or I quote documents where Alan Waterman is going to go testify before Congress and he's getting cold feet. And so Walt Roberts and some other people have to call him to buck him up. So it all has a happy ending, I guess. But this is all documented in either Walt's papers at Yukar or Walt's papers here at the university. So things were different back then. So, yeah, Diane. Well, a little up to Dixie Lee Ray, she felt that Boulder was very concerned about Denver kind of extending its tentacles up to the border, the county border, for water. And they wanted to have a presence in some Boulder. A lot of people didn't know what to do with that Mesa. A lot of ideas. Drive to the theater, hotel, finicular training, going up to the center. And that's why the blue line was created to keep resorts and things off the Mesa. And that's why almost immediately they had to vote on an amendment for Enkar to fulfill Robert's vision of the city or the lab on a hill. Any other questions or comments? Yes? Well, it was about four to one in favor. So I have not heard that... I mean, it's possible, but nothing I've seen said that people had buyer's remorse. Yes? Basically, it moved too fast without enough, let's say, oversight. And it was Earl Dressler just kind of pushing things through. It was not obvious to her that what was proposed was really needed. The discussion was between a central lab facility versus funding universities more and beefing up local laboratories like one of my alma maters, Penn State. Matter of fact, I think it was Eric Wexler was the president of Penn State, was very upset about the Enkar coming here. And they actually had to... Walt and another person contacted, I forget the name, it's in my dissertation, a professor at Penn State to go talk him down and tell him this would benefit everybody, don't worry about it. So this is why history is fun, is you get to see behind the scenes all this stuff when you start getting into the archives. Unfortunately, Senator Big Ed Johnson destroyed all of his papers except this one file that was handed to me by David Hayes at the University of Colorado. Probably he was an interesting guy and we'll leave it going that way. He was twice governor of Colorado and long-serving senator, so I'm sure he had his things he wanted to destroy. So, yes? I've always heard that the... I would say in general it's true in that there were lots of issues that arose during World War II, especially forecasting in the Pacific where you didn't have lots of data points, that I think encouraged meteorology, atmospheric science in the post-war years and especially when the Cold War started. And my friend Christine Harper, who's a former naval weather officer, was extensively on the origins of numerical modeling in the post-war years, so I recommend her book to you. But it was also interesting to read after the Orville Commission this sense that people, good scientists were not going into atmospheric physics, that the more interesting problems were in straight-up physics or astronomy astrophysics. So that's an interesting story in itself there, which I don't pursue a lot just trying to focus on getting my PhD and not being a student forever. But it's an interesting issue. A fellow who just passed away, Flegel, what's his first name? Robert Flegel. Yeah, in his memoir, he takes kind of a backhand swipe at Roberts because he says the fact they picked Walt Roberts to run NCAR shows basically how few viable candidates there were. He said it, not me. You can look it up. I guess he had issues with Walt later on in the 60s and 70s about how NCAR was run. So there's little sour grapes there. But that was a comment he made and there might be some truth to it. Roberts had become known besides being interested in meteorology as an able scientific administrator and fundraiser through HAO. There were no major meteorological organizations at that time. So if you think about it, Flegel's backhanded compliment probably had some truth to it that even some of the noted meteorologists of the time really didn't have any experience running anything more than a department or a small lab. So there is some truth to that. But again, through his son, Weatherwork, I think Roberts situated himself nicely to do something like this. Now, he never saw it coming. I mean, a lot of things after Sputnik kind of happened. Quig Newton, I don't know if he used this quote on Walt, but like the quote from Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, where the quote is, there's a rising tide in the affairs of men and that you must ride the tide. So certainly Walt did that. He rode the tide. And he never quite lost the genetic urge to seek funding from private donors. So he was still very much an old-fashioned scientist in that way. Even though he kind of switched tunes after Sputnik because HAO was having issues. And Walt Roberts said, Sputnik saved us. That's a direct quote. But he always still had this urge, this old-fashioned urge which you see a lot in early 20th century astronomy that funding should come from private sources. And a lot of that's still true of most disciplines I would think maybe astronomy still gets relatively large amounts of funding from private sources like Keck. Any other questions? Yes, ma'am. Right. I don't... One of the interesting things for me was given that was a major reason for the creation of NCAR. How quickly it went away. I mean, there were mandatory reports to the Congress for a while. But even Walt, once this place is up and running, they're not doing much for quote-unquote weather control. The argument quickly became, well, the way we do weather control is understanding the atmosphere better, period. And so it went in that direction fairly quickly except I think for the mandatory reports to Congress. So in that sense, I think we're back to Dixie Lee Ray where it was... There was this established reason for creating this place. They said they were going to do this stuff and now they're just kind of doing what they want. There is a tide in the affairs of men. When you just ride the tide. And I think at this time in the United States, I think there was possibly the height of the Cold War from late 50s to mid 60s. And I think you're seeing it was let's just fund it. We got to beat the Soviets at X. And you put in X, space, gone to the moon, oceanography, meteorology, no more forecast gap for us. I think that was a lot of the impetus among decision makers in Congress and other places. As you may know, just as an aside, Eisenhower didn't want a human space program. And I don't think it was Eisenhower, I think it's chief of SAFs, but it might have said that he didn't want to play an interplanetary basketball game. Firsts of that. So it's kind of interesting. And as you may or may not remember or know, John Kennedy beat Nixon successfully in part on the missile gap, which never existed. And on some of these other gaps, which we now know never existed. And there's strong evidence that John Kennedy knew they didn't exist, but he was a politician. Any other question? I'm happy, I guess we'll have a little reception. I'm happy to continue. Diane. They still do Russia and China claims they can do climate modification. But again, like sun-weather connection studies, that's kind of for another issue, another talk. But one of my research is now as I'm looking harder into the history of sun-weather studies. Because when I was at Penn State in the 70s, nobody was I shouldn't say nobody was laughing at it. People were smirking at it, but nobody was laughing at it. And I think people still have sort of an open mind. Yeah. Oh, I'm sorry, I thought. No. But to me it's a fascinating question in the history and sociology of science and in part because of I think what Walt found interesting is that it does kind of start bringing in various disparate disciplines. And Walt was I don't want to make this like Walt was just doing this to get money. I mean he really believed that science should, from everything I've read he's written, should have practical helpful applications for humanity. And I think he saw this as one way to do it. And oh by the way it also helped with funding. So I think we're almost on our hour, but again we can continue chatting and if anybody would like to follow up but I've got business cards and all that good stuff and Tom and Diane and Kate know how to get me. Thank you.


Yn ystafell ymlaen, gwnaeth y cyfaintau nifer 1, Kevin Stewart. Thank you, Presiding Officer, and I'm sure that the whole Parliament will join me in extending their sympathies to the people of Nepal. To ask the Scottish Government what help it can give to the people of Nepal affected by the recent earthquake, and what assistance it can give to the Nepalese community in Scotland? Minister, Humza Yousaf. I thank the member for his question, which, of course, expresses to the Scottish Government I'm sure that this entire chamber's condolence is to the people of Nepal and the Nepalese community worldwide. The earthquake that struck Nepal on Saturday is the worst in the region for over 80 years, causing untold destruction and devastation to the people of Nepal. I have written to the Nepalese Embassy to offer assistance should it be needed. As I say, I know that members here will join in expressions of condolence as the Scottish Government is lazing very closely with the FCO and the British Embassy staff, too, that are on the ground providing help to British nationals in Nepal. Following the launch of the Nepal earthquake appeal by the Disasters Emergency Committee, I'm pleased to announce that the Scottish Government has donated £250,000 to the appeal. Those funds will be spent by some of our leading agencies working in the region to provide much-needed relief to those affected, including the provision of clean water, food, shelter and medical supplies. I would like to take this opportunity to urge the people of Scotland to dig deep to help to support our aid agencies in responding to the devastation caused by the earthquake. I know in the past that the Scottish people have dug deep into their pockets and responded generously, and I hope that they will do so again. I know that emergency response teams are ready in Nepal for assessing the situation and beginning to distribute relief supplies, and I pay tribute to all the hard work. Kevin Stewart Thank you, Presiding Officer. I know that I speak for the people across the country when I say that this donation from the Scottish Government is very welcome and will help to provide some much-needed relief to people in Nepal going through unimaginable suffering. In an email to me, a Nepalese family living in Aberdeen, I have said that word from our immediate family is that our Nepal home is too badly damaged to occupy and that that story is repeated all across the extended family, where many of the houses have just disappeared. They are alive and sleeping outside, hungry and worried. Folk here are concerned about the impact that the monsoon season will have in their families who are already in an awful situation. Can the minister assure me that we will do all that we can to help in co-operation with the UK Government and with international bodies? I thank the member for that additional question. Most certainly he can have that assurance that we will work with international bodies and the UK Government should be commended for the speed of their response. I know that it will be considering future responses as the situation becomes clearer in terms of the needs. Regarding the member's question about the Nepalese community here in Scotland and his constituency, I hope that I was helpful in being able to give him the number for the Nepalese Ministry of External Affairs. I will put that number out on social media and I think that we can put it up on our website for anybody else in the Nepalese community that is concerned about their family. He is absolutely correct as well to say that with the monsoon season arriving, I have already heard reports of sleep and adverse weather conditions in Nepal, which will of course have an effect in terms of unfortunately some of those bodies that are unrecoverable at the moment, disease and infection being spread from them. I am more than happy to make sure that we are having discussions with the centre for Himalayan research. I spoke to the Nepali consul general, the honorary consul general, Sinita Poddar, and she has said to me that she is looking to bring together the Nepalese community from across Scotland to find out the various bits of intelligence that they have. They look at the expertise that Scotland might have and see how, in the long term, we can assist with a more fulsome response. I would urge once again everybody here to spread the message about the DEC appeal and, hopefully, to raise much-needed funds for the immediate relief effort that is on going. Can we play a part in the long-term response in areas such as the assessment of material and cultural damage and work towards reconstruction and recovery? The minister mentioned the Scottish Centre for Himalayan research, which has a great deal of expertise. I hope that he will be able to meet them and discuss with them some of the matters that they have raised with me. I am glad to hear that he is willing to do so. I know that a number of our agencies before have great expertise in conservation of historical monuments. I am sure that we can have that discussion with the centre and see if there is anything that we can do in the long term. At the moment, the priority, as the member would understand, is immediate shelter and immediate food, but no doubt there will be further resilience work that will need to be done thereafter. A number of the agencies are experts in that longer-term resilience work that needs to be done, such as Mercy Corps in particular, which has the European headquarters here in Edinburgh. I can assure the member that this is not a case that we will simply watch what has happened this week. Unfortunately, as such disasters often happen, they fall off our TV screen and people lose interest. I can assure the Scottish Government that I am certain that the UK Government will not do that. We will keep an eye on what is going on, speaking to the Nepalese community here and certainly speaking to our aid agencies and other public bodies to see how we can help in the long term. I welcome the minister's announcement. He will be aware of the urgent logistical challenges faced by the Government and the people of Nepal in terms of access, in terms of transport, particularly in terms of shelter. He will also be aware of the fire and rescue staff from Aberdeen, who have offered their urgent assistance at this critical time. Will the Scottish Government enable further secondments of professional staff from Scotland's emergency services and others who are in a position to assist with the very urgent challenges of getting access to remote areas of Nepal at this time? He is absolutely right to mention our emergency services and fire and rescue services and the commendable work that they look to do immediately overseas. They always do when it comes to any disasters that take place. We are at that stage, of course, as I say, where emergency relief is the priority. Where any emergency services or any other person can play a part, of course the Scottish Government will work closely with the FCO and the British Embassy to ensure that we can facilitate that. Where we will be able to add value to that is in the long term to see what are the needs of the people of Nepal. It may be water sanitisation infrastructure, where Scotland has a lot of expertise, and then we will look to make a contribution where is appropriate and where we possibly can. However, I can give the member every assurance that anybody, be they emergency service responders or otherwise who are looking to help and assist them, will find the Scottish Government certainly welcoming their contribution and seeing how we can facilitate that. Richard Simpson. I am sure that all of us join with the minister and Kevin Stewart and others in the chamber in terms of our condolences. Also expressing the hope that Scots will donate generously. Of course, the UK Government has offered £5 million to match the first £5 million that is raised, which I think is very encouraging. I think that we should also recognise the resilience of the Nepalese people, which has already been reported on in the face of this tragic event. However, can I ask him whether he is aware of whether he could ascertain from the veterans ministers to whether there are any guercas serving who are present in Scotland at the moment, and make sure that they are contacted and offered support if that is appropriate? I will certainly have that conversation with the cabinet secretary and the appropriate Government ministers. I have seen a real rush of response from the UK because of the relationship that we have with the guercas, and I have been very heartened to see that response. I will certainly have that conversation and update Richard Simpson. He is absolutely correct. Another area that I know that Richard Simpson has a lot of interest in is, of course, in the cycle trauma that can often befall people who have been part of natural disasters of this sort. I can give him again every assurance that where that request is made, in the long term, we will certainly look to help and facilitate it. However, I have been very heart-warmed, I have to say, by the UK response, both government but more so, from the people and the relationship between our armed services and, of course, the vital role that guercas have played in that. That has been one of the reasons for that response. Thank you, Presiding Officer. To ask the Scottish Government whether we are providing an update on the wire corrosion on the 4th road bridge. Minister Derek Mackay. The 4th estuary transport authority, FETA, provided an update on the press release on 22 April 2015. That noted that, while that requires investigation, there are no immediate safety concerns, and the cables still have more than enough strength to do their job. That work will be taken forward by FETA, and then through the new fourth bridge unit operating contract that commences on 1 June 2015. David Stewart. Thank you, Presiding Officer. The minister will be aware that, since the acoustic monitoring system was installed in 2006, it has detected 93 wire breaks, but 24 of those have been since the end of January this year. Will the minister indicate whether that is part of a longer-term problem? Mr Stewart is correct that the acoustic monitoring equipment is providing us with the information that we require, but there will be a further comprehensive investigation over May and June. That will be a bit more intrusive and in-depth. What that will do is give us further information on which to make a judgment. Clearly, some of the cracks that will have appeared will be worthy of further investigation, but we are still of the opinion that there is no media concerns around safety, and the cables are perfectly fine in terms of carrying the bridge and the traffic on the bridge. Of course, there will be on-going monitoring and investigation, and the works that we have put in place on the humidification will prevent further deterioration, but some of that legacy is from when the first cracks and breaks appeared in 2004-2005. There is no reason to be alarmed, but we are taking a very close inspection of the faults that have been found. Will the minister confirm that, even when the new bridge is complete, that the fourth road bridge will still be used for school buses, taxis and cyclists? If there are further wire breaks over the next few months, will the minister agree to come back to Parliament to make a statement to reassure the public about understandable safety concerns? I would say again for reassurance that, although increase in detected wire breaks require full investigation, there are no immediate safety concerns, and the cables still have more than enough strength to do their job. There will be on-going investigation that I have already referred to. In terms of what traffic can use the fourth road bridge, it will be the case that will produce a road order. There will be consultation on that, and that will set out future use. However, as the bridge transfers to the responsibility of the Scottish ministers in a new operating company contract, it will be the case that it will be designated as a motorway, and any traffic will be compliant with that status. However, we will produce imminently a road order that will be out to consultation, and then I am more than happy to report back to Parliament on that and any other matter in relation to the strength of the crossing, which, as I say, will be fully investigated, but there is no cause for alarm. Thank you very much. That concludes the topical questions, and we now move to the next item.


How narcissists react when you figure them out? Narcissists are fake people. They created a false self. They mimic your character and behavior. They try to match and surpass your achievements typically by imitation. They may describe their characteristics, but it's never a good indication of who they are. They're Decepticons. They give an appearance and impression that is different from the true one. They're misleading you into thinking that they are kind and helpful people. It's all a facade. It's just something they use to impress people. But they're not really about that. They're actually very envious and jealous. They want to be more successful than you are. Because they're incapable of experiencing happiness. They're never satisfied with anything. They're shame-based people who are doing everything they can to avoid reflecting on their shame. So no matter what they have, they're never happy. Because they're always thinking about themselves. Even if they have a loving family, they will abuse their own children. To justify their behavior, they have to cut themselves off from the people who care about them. And they have to portray you in a bad light. Which is why they will make false accusations about you and spread rumors. But even if everything else is going well in their lives, they're still not happy. They're never at peace. Because they flourish in chaos and drama. They're never content. So they're always looking for new opportunities. They're always looking for the bigger bed to deal. The next shiny new toy. Because they get bored very easily. They're disinterested in their own personal development. They're disinterested in continuing their education and career. The moment they begin a new project. They're already distracted by something else. Because they're never happy. They're never filled by anything. They always feel like they're missing out on something. Which is why they're always trying to take advantage of people. Because they think that you have something that they need to be happy. And they will use anyone to get what they want. They don't care about the consequences of their actions. They don't care about what happens to you. They're unhappy with themselves and their lives. So they're always looking to upgrade. Which is why they begin to hate everyone and everything that is around them. They pretend to be happy. But the truth is they don't understand why money, security, stability and social connections do not bring them happiness. The reason why they're not happy. Is because they're only thinking about themselves. They're very envious. They're always looking for something else or something more. They're always trying to take something from you. And that is why they're never satisfied with themselves. When you're onto the narcissist. When you figure them out. When you're no longer falling for their gains. That's when their mask will come all the way off. That's when they will turn against you. They will try to beat you to the punch. They will try to get you before you get them. Because they fear that you will expose them. And they don't want that to happen. They may have said they wanted a future with you. They may have said they wanted to make things better. And that they just want to come to an agreement with you. But none of that is going to happen. It doesn't matter what they said. It doesn't matter if they think that's what they want. Because their ego isn't going to let that happen. If you tell a narcissist. The one thing that you really want. That will be the one thing that they withhold from you. It will be the one thing that they make sure that you don't get. So there's no point even talking to them. Because it's not going to solve anything. They don't want you to have what you want. That's the last thing they want to see. They don't want to give you the satisfaction. So stop taking them seriously. Stop doing things for them. Stop doing what they want you to do. Because you're just giving them an advantage. You're giving them things that you may need in the future. Because you never know how things are going to turn out for them. And how that's going to affect you. So don't engage with them. And don't engage with anyone who knows them. Because it's just going to make your situation even worse than it already is. It's not going to help you. Focus on your health. Focus on taking care of yourself. Find someone who you can talk to. Someone who you can trust. Surround yourself with supportive people. I am available for one-on-one coaching. You can book from my website. It's narcsurvivor.co.uk And you can also book a session with a therapist using a service that I trust. Just go to betterhelp.com slash narcsurvivor. I hope you found this video helpful. If you did, please give it a thumbs up. Share your thoughts in the comment section. Hit the subscribe button to receive the notifications. If you would like to support the channel, you can donate at paypal.me slash narcsurvivor. You can book a one-on-one with me on my website. It's narcsurvivor.co.uk Thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon.


In continuation of the incentive design system and there is another issue arises that how to align pay with the managerial performance total shareholder return as a performance mayor is a subjective performance mayor and a subjective performance mayor is required to be treated subjectively. But in subjective performance management system, there is a problem that employees generally do not trust their supervisors regarding appropriate and accurate performance evaluation. On the other hand, in objective performance management system, there is also a drawback that objectively the output or performance of an individual cannot be quantified due to certain issues like joint production and unobservability found among the different employees. There are certain criticism that an objective system carries. The first is that if there is any mis-specification in the performance mayor system, then that mis-specification can easily be gained by the employer or group of employees in their own interest. The second criticism is that once an objective system is designed, it cannot be changed frequently because if there is any subsequent change required, it may be a deterrent to the employee or any employee in the group. The third one is that there would be a threat among the employees that if any employee goes beyond the expectations for higher performance, then the benchmark bar may be set upward. Also in order to avoid that threat, employee tries to restrict his or her output so that he can reap the alerted bonus through his act. The solution to this problem is that there should be a linear relationship between pay and performance and this linear relationship can encourage employees for a persistent value creation at their part. On the screen, you can see a graph on the x-axis there is a performance mayor and on the y-axis there is a compensation package. You see that the compensation package is divided into two halves. The first or lower bond is the salary and the upper bond is the bonus. If we see at point A, let's assume that it is the year end and the manager has to decide on some risky project. Now the point A states that the manager is earning only the salary. So if he does not go for the risky project, there would be no decline in his salary package. Or even if the manager goes for the risky project and in case of loss, there would be no negative effect on its salary. But if we see the point B, we see that let there is an early period in the year and the manager has to decide on some risky project. At this point, the manager is compensated in two forms. The first is salary and the second is the bonus. So the manager is at the upper bond. Now if the manager takes on some risky project and the result is the loss on that risky project, the manager has to lose much on the downside. But in case of profitability on the risky project, the manager is lesser or nothing at the upper bound. So we see that linear relationship between the pay and promise of the employee is an appropriate solution for the alignment between pay and the performance.


document what I was learning different things or it was pretty new at that time and not many people were using it like couple of them like Khan Academy or others were using it. So what I did it I started doing this video series also while I was learning to document whatever what I was trying to like understand from React. You can find this it's not visible over here but I'll upload the slides later but you can still find this. So this is like pretty old and I was trying to get around like okay what all things React is being used about. Around the same time like I started using React I also wrote a book about it which was I started using it in many of our client applications and then again just wanted to get an idea of what various applications React is being used and then kind of documented it in this book. But this is like five years ago so please don't buy it. This is based on React 0.14, 0.14 version of React and right now we are about I think we are around 16.8. So this is pretty old like when it was initially when React initially came out. So that was a bit about background of like how I got introduced to React and I want to set the like agenda of what or for whom this talk is about. So couple of things what I want to talk in this is targeted towards if you know React it will be a breather for you like what all has changed in the last couple of years and what is upcoming that you can start looking forward to. If you don't know React this gives you a bit of a history so you don't need to know everything I'm not going to go too deep into lot of you know technical I'll try to give some examples but this talk is not aimed towards you know learning everything about React this just gives a highlight of okay what all things were there and what has changed kind of a history of what all changed within React in past couple of years. So React is quite popular today like if you note over here it has I don't know 1.2, 1.23,000 like stars on GitHub so many people trying to follow it. On NPM it has like 5 million downloads every week so extremely popular right now like many of the big companies Facebook you know everyone is involved or is using React so it has got like a big developer community right now but when it was introduced the whole idea of React or like when it was introduced it was kind of controversial but what got it a lot of popularity is this concept of virtual DOM so basically in 2013 or 2012 the only ways to do all like the most popular ways of doing like things which react allow us today were by libraries like jQuery which you know you hooked into a DOM and then you manipulated it manually or based on various events. So virtual DOM was this concept where instead of touching DOM which is like slower to do like handling or manipulating DOM is always slower build out this whole manipulation within JavaScript compute it and then just send it to the DOM to make the DOM like make whatever interactions you do much faster. How many of you have experienced like were using React sorry jQuery 4 or 5 years ago so you know like when you did something like DOM element dot text something I don't know some weird things it used to be pretty non responsive so that was one of the reasons like why React picked up a lot but why people loved it a lot or like even I loved it a lot was the whole idea of components. So what components mean is like here is an example page from Instagram this is the Nat Geo page. So here if you see what there are different parts of the page and here different parts of the page are divided into what are individual components or small units. So here if you see this photo itself is divided into like we in one component the likes and the comments and all you can divide a page into small units of small logical units where you display some in some kind of information. It was easier in the world like okay everything that you did during those times were always handling parts of the page some event happening then manipulate part of the page instead of doing that this was a different way of thinking like you compartmentalize different things that you do around the page into small components and then all logic regarding that aspect of that page were you know limited to or you started limiting your thinking towards that component. In the beginning like this was beginning for me when I started looking at react. So this gives a little bit of idea of what it was then. So as I said like I started also creating videos. So this was around that time react was basically used via these two libraries that you see like react basic and react with add-ons and they allowed us to do different things. So what you did is the component that you see you would define it by using react.create class and what you did is you pass in an object to it which had information like for example in a previous case it had information of how many comments they are or how many likes the image has. So that kind of information you would store basically in the state that you see here like get initial state and then basically it had one mandatory method which is rendered. So one notable thing that you see here is which was pretty unconventional at that time or was controversial is that we are using HTML from within JavaScript. During that time it was more towards you know templating language is being used a lot handlebars and those kind of things. So this kind of way of doing HTML from within JavaScript was kind of like pretty controversial when it was introduced. So we have a basic component which got created by create class and then you just return what you want to display and handle how or what kind of information you want to display based on the state that you have within the basic component. So you pass your object that you want to render within create class as well as you could pass external parameters to it by making use of props like here you have a name being passed as an argument that you pass to react component. Before I proceed I just want you to get an idea of how many are like familiar already with react and use it. So yeah we had this kind of a structure very basic just have just pass an object and create components and then to actually display it on the DOM you would pass it to render method and you pass the component that you want to render and where you want to display it. And this whole thing like that's it that's the whole component that you have on a page instead of having a big MBC architecture this was mostly only focused towards having the UI part handling the UI parts of it and it simplified like it did not try to do you know interactions between like model view or those kind of things and just focused on the display aspects of the component. So here it also based on these it also allowed us to have like hooks or also allowed us to have view into what is actually happening within the react component. So it had a very basic life cycle that you see over here it initialized. So what happens is like you create that component it tries to mount it on the page which happens during this initialization you set this initial state where I get initial state and you get props and then when it actually displays on the page that process is called mounting. So you would mount the component on the page and actually display it and then based on some external events like user clicking something we have this event of updates being happening or we can intercept those events by component should update or these kind of various life cycle methods. So these I don't want to focus more on these but just want to give an idea of how the different life cycle was and how basic like it was not too fancy very basic just initialization update and then when you actually remove the component it would just unmount. So around 2014 or 2013 after react was introduced this was the basic way of doing things but around the same time like ES6 or ECMAScript 6 and ES which is like but this made it like okay you are like thinking of the whole component in terms of a class and then here if you see it just required one basic method or one mandatory method which is rendered and then you just return what you want to display on the page again as basic HTML from over here along with this since like if you note over here we are doing a lot of things a lot of things might be done in the class so since we already had the support of JSX one way of doing things was that we did in in various cases you don't need like a lot of complex mechanism for display like you just need some parameters being sent and based on this parameters just display something don't handle like user clicks sorry don't handle any complex stuff around components. So during that time stateless or functional components were introduced like you could start doing this simpler way of things like just pass props as a simple function so we started using these arrow methods and then here what you do is you just get the props based on the props you just return basic JSX that's it. So it allowed us to do like very complex stuff in a simpler way so that's what about like how things were changing like react was adopting to whole introduction to you know advanced features that the community was like improving around on the whole JavaScript parts of it so let's take a look at how other things within react have changed around these past couple of years. So what I want to do is like kind of compare what used to be and how you do things now right how many of you were using react like when this this whole use case was like create class or this were used how many people started it way back okay nobody used others never use create class you're lucky. So you had this way of doing things you have an app like you pass it create class and you so this is like a change in how you initialize which is when you have some state which is like something which you want to mutate and you know maintain some things like okay has the user clicked the button or not these kind of things you would you would put it in the state and then initially you would do it via get initial state wherein you initialize it via something and now what you do is you just get like set it via this dot state within your constructor and then you can set any kind of object over here and the way of changing it is same you just tell use this dot set state to update like whatever state you want to handle any kind of mutations from that life cycle that we had initially it has now simplified a little bit based on the new ways of using it like the whole class way of doing react components so instead of instead of those life cycle methods now we have a simplified way of thinking of how what is happening within when the component is rendered so we have like the mounting of the component wherein you have the constructor when that we just solve you initialize the state and then it calls the render method when it is trying to display the information and then component did mount basically everything is same but just the initialization part that you see it has been more simplified based on the whole class way of doing components how many of you know make sense over here okay so this is for you people so when react started everything was in small parts like you had small components and as applications grew a lot of things was scattered around one way of sharing code like if you had code regarding let's say you have a chat application and you have four different parts of it everyone needs to connect to the back end so when you wanted to share code across components one way of doing that was using mix ins so here if you see this is like a basic mix in that you see above what it basically has is it's just an object of different methods that you want to share across you know multiple components so you would write this basic object which has multiple methods and then what you would do is you would pass it to create class as a in the key which is mix ins and then what would happen is those objects sorry those functions would be made available within your new class that you have just created and here you could then pass the same mix into multiple other class like other classes and those methods again would be made available or you could reuse the same functionality over there couple of problems with this approach is that these functions that you see what they do is when you when you put them as mix in they they would collide with the existing of the existing methods that you had in the same class or they like over here if you see it's assuming that you know internals state or the object which is created over here it is always a


Alright, we'll come back to the channel. Today we're going to be looking at the latest upgrade in the WordPress. As you can see right now I'm on WordPress 5.3.2 but as we look now there's a new one which is WordPress 5.4 and because it's available for us to download we're going to test it and see what features come with it but most importantly let's download it and update it and then we are on 5.4 WordPress and we realize it comes with a new 1.2 version of 2020 and if we look at the about us page we actually see that there is something new big and blue with bold colors okay so when we load the new 5.4 WordPress it actually comes with this whole blank white space and this is what we call the full screen mode and it comes with this logo here when you click it it takes you to see what we had traditionally but well if you see this in your WordPress 5.4 I don't want you think that your website is actually broken it is not it is the new way that WordPress is doing everything it is the new way that things are going to happen I think they're just trying to get us all used to this interface so that when full screen mode come editing comes in and we're editing our headers our footers we're used to having all this white space however you can quickly turn it off by coming to this small sprocket that's here and then the three icons that you say I don't want full screen mode and then you'll go back to the ordinary traditional WordPress that we do have here that's the quick way but if you want to save these settings for good I would advise you to actually just start up a small plugin you can put the code that we're going to share inside your theme folder that will work but I wonder what happens when you change your theme that code won't be available so I would advise you to open a small plugin save those changes so that you can always have them so let's jump into that code right now


Next question is from the bad mad scientist. How would you program PE for students in online schools right now? This could be a great opportunity for trainers right here. Well, so here's, so there's some interesting challenges with this, right? So my kids are distance learning and I'm watching them do PE, right? So I got my daughter, she's in fifth grade. My son's a sophomore in high school. And so here's the experiences that I'm seeing so far with my daughter, they have the Zoom camera on them on the desk and the teacher says, okay, everybody go down and do, I don't know, 15 sit-ups, right? And so here's what the girls do because my daughter will do this with a couple of friends. They'll go down below where the camera didn't see them and they'll just sit on the floor and wait and then they come up and then they do it or whatever. And you see a lot of this like, do your push-ups and add a range of the camera or whatever and now my son on the other hand, he's, they're giving him an app. They're like, do this workout. And now you look at the app and the workouts are just, you know, 35 push-ups, 50 burpees, do it for time. Yeah, just insane. And of course they're also, unless I'm watching them, him, they're also kind of slacking off. And here's the big, this is always the big problem with fitness when it comes to kids. You can't, you don't just tell them to do exercises.   They're not gonna learn history. They're not gonna learn math. They're not gonna learn science. If you just tell them to do stuff and make it super boring, they just don't engage or learn. So rule number one when you're training kids is you have to find a way to engage them. So like an simple example would be, okay, let's see who can stand on one foot for 30 seconds. Put the camera on you. Let's see who can do this the longest and whatever. Make prizes and the prizes could be, they don't even have to be a prize. It could literally be points. You know, you got five stars. You got seven stars. Kids like to keep track with it. How long can you sit in a squat? Yeah, how long can you sit in a squat or balance on one foot? See if you can tie your shoe. Let's see who can do this. Like make it fun and engaging so that they can kind of not just compete with each other but see how each other is doing and make it really enjoyable.  We're gonna be like, yeah, I'm not doing this. I really think there's a huge opportunity right here for trainers.  You guys both have kids that are in pods now where they're like grouped with four or five families. And a trainer's hourly is somewhere between 50 to $150 an hour. I don't think it would be hard to convince you parents that have five of you like, hey, I'm gonna do a Zoom call with all five of your kids and divide my hourly 100 bucks by five, each parent paying 25 bucks to know they're gonna be with a trainer for an hour who's gonna engage them in exercise. I think there's a huge opportunity for trainers out there that are looking for ways to make money right now because maybe their gym is closed and then they're a middle of transitioning into being this online trainer is to find parents. You gotta have a family member or a friend or somebody who are doing similar things that Justin and Sal are doing with these pods and getting them together. And that makes it affordable for the parents. It's a lot easier to convince them. It may not be as easy to convince one parent to pay you $100 an hour to take one kid, but if they're in pods of three, five or 10, I mean, much easier to convince all the parents to go together and split the cost of the hourly for the trainer and then the trainer is responsible for keeping them engaged, making it fun. That's where I would lean. Yeah, and again, make games out of it. One of the most effective people I ever saw for doing this, I used to have a friend that he actually was a client at first, then we became friends and he was a soccer coach and he had these camps that he would run up in Los Gatos where he would teach kids how to play soccer. And he just became so successful through word of mouth and a lot of it had to do with how engaging he was and he would have these fun games. It's like when you say Karate Kid where he's making him do something but he's actually learning another skill, except it was fun, Karate Kid, I know it wasn't that fun. Yeah, it was chores. Yeah, exactly. He was having a lot of fun with these kids, like here's another example. Sandoff roll. You could have kids bring a blow up a balloon, tie it off and then say, okay, let's pop these in the air and so you can keep it up in the air the longest and you see the kids run around. Like you have to keep things engaging and fun. Relate races.  That's a big mistake. Yeah, and I think too, I mean, if you're a parent and you're just trying to kind of make sense out of all this stuff too, like one thing for me besides like, I think it is massive opportunity for a trainer to come in and be like a helpful guide to kind of relieve a little bit of the stress and like, you know, program the whole thing for you. But for me personally, I've been investing in things like cargo nets. I don't know if you have access to this in a backyard, if you do, like this is something where I'm trying to set up more of a play, playground experience that they're not gonna get now. And so I got, I got pull-up bars out between trees. I have things, I have a trampoline where they go out and they express a lot of their energy outside and it's designated, you know, this hour block is you guys are outside and you're moving, you're doing things, you're having fun, it's recess in a sense. So even if you're not getting like the actual physical education, at least the expression of energy, like that's something that like kids just need that, man. They need to get out and get that energy out. Completely.


Therefore it is time for members statements the member from Halliburton, Cortholex Brock Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to rise on behalf of my constituents in Halliburton, Cortholex Brock on the issue of long-term care Just recently I received 500 letters from Faust Manor about the crisis in our long-term care system There is underfunding for beds under staffing in homes, and I am frustrated that the people are continuing to suffer In June we recognize the 32nd anniversary of seniors month And I am disappointed that our families have suffered 13 long years of inaction There are 24,000 seniors without access to a nursing bed The wait list will skyrocket to 50,000 in the next six years in Halliburton, Cortholex Brock alone There's 800 over 800 on the wait list and in Peterborough area. There's over 2700 on their wait list 30,000 beds have yet to be rebuilt to modern standards and the government has yet to commit to funding the building of any new beds I've been calling on the government to release the capacity study to rebuild outdated beds and nursing homes and add beds and eliminate the shamefully long wait list The ongoing shortfalls are direct result of this Liberal government's incompetence Squandering 11.4 billion every year just to service the death they built That money would represent enough to cover the cost of hiring extra nurses and personal support workers providing additional Four hours of care and address every person on the wait list In fact, it would be enough to fund our entire long-term care system three times over the needs of our elderly patients and caregivers Must become a priority for this government. The time for action is now Speakers my sad duty to report to you that we lost a member of Tocumse town council last weekend Counselor Mike Roar was just 45 He'd only been on council for a couple of years, but he had been a political activist a Community builder and a good friend for a long long time. I Guess I first met Michael in 1995. He was 23 He was a conservative candidate Running against the liberal by the name of Dwight Duncan. I Guess we all know who won that race Another loss in 1999 despite doubling his votes. Let you know what speaker? Mike was such a great guy had such an engaging and charismatic personality that he and Dwight became good friends and remained so I Used to bring Michael in as a conservative or a Canadian alliance analyst on my political panel at CBC Windsor As a reporter I covered him in dozens of local stories He was a commercial real estate appraiser when he was 28 He was the youngest ever appointee to Ontario's assessment review board Opposition members roasted him because of his political connections But speaker connections were what Mike Roar was all about the matter wherever he went with whomever he met He was always upbeat. I always had a smile or a joke. He brightened your day. He really was Larger than life But at his core Mike was a family man Made in those blended and extended families Mike was the center of the universe my condolences to D Daughters Hannah and Grace and son Michael Kids your dad was a very special person when we're gonna miss him, too Thank you, Mr. Speaker June is Italian Heritage Month in Ontario a time to highlight the Contributions of Italian Canadians to our society. This is the sixth year that heritage Italian heritage month activities Will be carried out in Ontario the festivities were kicked off last Sunday at the Italian National Day event at Casa Loma Renamed Castello Italia for the day, which the premier myself and many other MPPs attended together with about 4,500 people Tomorrow June 2nd Italians around the world including Ontario will be celebrating the 70th anniversary of Italian Republic Day on June 2nd and 3rd 1946 Italian citizens were called to vote in a referendum to choose which form of government Their country should adopt they chose the Republic over monarchy This was also the first occasion in which Italian women were allowed to vote for a national political election Mr. Speaker for many years. We have been hosting an Italian flag raising here at Queen's Park this year We will be celebrating on June 10th I would like to take this opportunity to thank the minister responsible for seniors Mario Sergio who together with two members of the opposition parties introduced the Italian Heritage Month Act in 2010 through this act the province of Ontario Recognizes the important contributions Italian immigrants have made in building Ontario's communities in the economical Political social and cultural achievements of Italian Canadians throughout our province Italian heritage month is an opportunity to remember To celebrate and educate future generations about Ontario's rich history Thank you for the members and the member from Prince Edward Hastings Thank you speaker I come from a region with a big heart and never was that more evident than over the past couple of weeks when Canada's needed the People of the Quinty region we've stepped up for Canada and when the people of Fort McMurray needed us We packed for Fort Mac the people of my region have donated over $130,000 to the people of Fort Mac since the wildfires started But they also took it a step further. It was my honor to work with Max Haggerty of ITS transport Joe Chinook Furball's choice and the Belleville and Prince Edward County fire departments to pack a big rig with supplies for the people who made it out Of Fort McMurray, but are stuck at camps in northern Alberta in towns like Redwater and Bonneville wandering lake and slave lake Not everybody made it to Edmonton or Calgary and those who didn't were in desperate need of supplies We made our goal to fill a big rig with 26 skids of food baby supplies toiletries pet supplies and other essentials We got 29 and for two weeks volunteers man the old Electrolab warehouse in Belleville and received thousands of items to send to the folks Who lost everything in the fires? I can't thank them all, but I'm going to try Susan Smith Carol and Dennis Hubble Gord and Twyla Adams Lisa MacLennan, Laurie Massacott Matt Helm and Ryan Turcott and the guys at the Belleville fire department Stephanie and Carlos from Furball's choice who got this whole effort started Finally the people who opened their wallets and reached into their pockets just a little deeper every time they visited a local grocery store And now that kindness is on its way out west mr. Speaker I was told this morning that that transport truck is headed west through Thunder Bay on its way to Alberta We thank everybody for the efforts and pack the Fort Mac. Thank you Member statements from London West Beaker I rise today on behalf of the NDP caucus to recognize the hundreds of injured workers and their families and allies Who have come from across the province to rally here at Queens Park? Just as they have done every June 1st for more than 30 years in particular as MPP for London West I want to acknowledge the London and District injured workers group and to give a special shout out to the friends I made last Friday who stopped in London during the second annual justice for injured workers rise These four cyclists began their journey in Windsor on May 25th and arrived in Toronto today as a means of raising awareness Of injured workers fight for fair and just compensation Since November 2015 they have been supported in that fight by the OFL and more than 20 healthcare Professionals who have come forward to expose the WSIB's shameful treatment of injured workers and to urge a formal Investigation by the Ontario Ombudsman these medical experts have confirmed that the WSIB is denying legitimate claims Forcing workers to return to work too soon cutting benefits and Revictimizing the very workers it is supposed to protect Speaker any Ontarian with knowledge of what the WSIB is doing to injured workers should contact the ombudsman now if the liberals won't listen to Injured workers and healthcare professionals. Maybe they will listen to the ombudsman. Thank you speaker Thank you further member status the member from Cambridge. Thank you speaker This past Sunday Batman Spider-Man and Wonder Woman ran in a 30th annual rotary classic superhero run in Cambridge This run is called the superhero run not just because that people dress up as super heroes But because what this organization does is truly heroic All of the proceeds of the fun run are donated to the local kids ability center for a child development branch Which provides services for children with physical communication or developmental disabilities? These services are vital to many of my families in Waterloo region Services like speech therapy physical therapy and supports for children with Developmental disabilities and it was a perfect day to attend such a great event Although it was hot running in superhero masks There was both a 2.5 and a 5k run tons of entertainment for the little ones including a bouncy castle face paint etc and there were prizes for the top child fundraisers and the top boy and girl each one a brand new Bicycle for their support of kids ability Linda Kenny executive director of kids ability and her staff were delighted and Celebrated the great turnout of over 400 runners and the over $30,000 raised I want to thank both the Waterloo region police chief Brian Larkin this year's honorary chair as Well as Kristen Dantzen and Dawn Daggett who were co-chairs for the Rotary Classic super hero run for there and all their Volunteer efforts in organizing this year's event. Thank you Thank you very much mr. Speaker I would like to recognize today as the beginning of the Portuguese history and heritage month in Ontario During the month of June we embrace the Portuguese culture and heritage through many joyous festivals and celebrations on June 10th We also celebrate Portugal day or Dia Camus where where we commemorate the death of Louis D. Camus who passed away in 1580 Louis is considered what Portugal's greatest poet as he wrote about his the historic Portuguese explorers who traveled to North America and Canada from as early as the 15th century 2016 also marks the 515th anniversary of the arrival of the Portuguese explorers in Canada The vibrant Portuguese community has contributed so much to the growth and development of our province from the 15th century and onwards And it continues to excel in our society today for instance Hailing from the great riding of Dufferin Caledon is Woolwich Dairy a proud Portuguese family by the name of Dutra Drew the best goat cheese in Ontario and across Canada and as a result they had a positive impact on the Ontario dairy industry throughout rural Ontario and That's just one example of many But I encourage all Ontarians to join the celebrations and festivities so that they too can experience Portugal's vibrant culture and I've already started to do so I had the opportunity to visit the Portuguese Pioneer Museum in Toronto a couple of weeks ago and We need to embrace their heritage and the success that they're growing in the spirit of their culture in Ontario And next week we celebrate with the flag raising. I hope to see you all there Thank you, Mr. Speaker It is a privilege to share good news from my great riding of Miss Saga Bempton South the Ministry of Tourism Culture and support has announced that four of my constituents will receive Funding through the quest for gold program which each year helps to support athletes success Athletes bring pride to our community and serve as examples of what can be achieved through courage and determination And by setting the bar for our personal goals high Through this they are inspirational to all of us the quest for gold program will help these young people to afford the cost of training and competing in ice hockey rugby curling and basketball events at the provincial national and international level Event as they even as they pursue non-athletic careers. I would like to congratulate Courtney birchard Dishon Bovan Brenda Halloway and Jamal Jones for their hard work diligence success and for being a great example To our youth. We are proud of you. We will be watching for you and best of luck in your supporting and a worse Thank You. Mr. Speaker Thank You. Mr. Speaker. I'm so pleased to rise today to say thank you to constable Grant do quies Who recently retired after 30 years of service with the Greater Sudbury police services? Mr. Speaker constable do quies started his career in policing as the services first first Nations officer Constable do quies worked as a plain clothes officer On patrol in the tactical unit and as the Aboriginal liaison officer, mr. Speaker But does it that wasn't all that he did mr. Speaker He was Instrumental in creating the Aboriginal liaison unit with the Greater Sudbury police service which at the time mr. Speaker I believe was one of only three in the entire province Mr. Speaker constable do quies also helped establish the muck wall police ride-along program The program was named after the bear and the protection that the bear gives Since 2005 Hundreds of students in Sudbury and Greater Sudbury spent the day riding on patrol with officers Learning about the role a police officer plays in our community and building trust But he wasn't done there mr. Speaker. He sought on several committees including the multicultural and multiracial relations Aboriginal homelessness and gang resistance strategy committee as well as the missing and murdered Indigenous women committee in my community of Sudbury mr. Speaker and also that mr. Speaker Grant do quies constable grant decrease was a great hockey player I had to play against them a few times and with that I'm sure you'll have a lot of time to spend with his family and play a little bit more hockey So thank you grant for your service. Thank you mr. Speaker Thank you. I thank all members for their statements


The way you make money during a bear market is to have realistic expectations. You're not gonna get rich overnight. It's very difficult. You're not gonna find that one dime in the rough stock because in a bear market, hardly anything spikes up that much. So in a true recessionary market, it will be a downtrend, okay? And the thing is, the ones that survive are the ones that have a plan. There's two ways to make money, okay? Either you short when it goes down or you buy long when at support.