The Metropolitan Transportation Commission, better known as MTC of Oakland, has developed a pavement management system to provide assistance to local agencies in the San Francisco Bay area. The pavement management system was developed because it was identified that many of the public works personnel needed tools to help plan and manage the investment in the public infrastructure in our area were primarily interested in pavements. The basic components of a pavement management system are shown in this chart. In any pavement management system or any infrastructure management system for that matter, the first thing you have to have is you have to have an inventory of your current system. And so the network inventory is the first item. We have to know what we have, we have to know what condition is in. We then have a database. The database is just a repository where we take all the data and put it and keep it and massage it and get it in the right form to use for other analysis. The pavement management system then is used once we know what the condition is. We really want to get over here into budgeting and identifying fixes, but in order to do that we generally have to project the condition of the pavement out in the future, especially if we want to know things like develop a five-year plan and so on. So we have to be able to project the condition in the future. We use that information to come up with potential project list, sections of pavement that need work on them. We use that information to identify potential budgets, and if that budget, once it's developed we compare it to the actual available money or the actual budgets, and if the potential budgets are larger than the available money, which is what the normal situation is, we have to have some kind of procedure to identify which ones of the sections of pavements will be funded, and we call that a prioritization scheme. That gives us a prioritization list of sections of pavements that need maintenance and rehabilitation. This portion of it is generally called the network level management of a pavement management system. Once that is completed you then go into project level evaluation. Project level evaluation is a much more detailed analysis where instead of just identifying what needs work on it and approximate budgets and prioritizing and selecting which ones you're going to work on, you come up with a detailed evaluation to determine what's wrong with it, why it is deteriorated, you identify feasible alternatives that will address the problem, and then you finally select the best alternative. Another small portion of the network level one is inspection needs, and that's reinspection. A pavement management system is not meant to be a one-time look at your pavements, it's meant to be used over a long time frame, and so that means sometime in the future you're going to have to go out and reinspect your pavements, and the inspection needs is a part of the network level analysis that tells us which sections of pavement need to be reinspected in future years. In the Bay Area PMS it was determined that the area that needed the most help where the public works personnel to get the greatest advantage would be out of the network level. They feel they do a reasonable job in the project level once they've gone through and selected a pavement need work on, but they did not have reasonable methods to make this portion of the analysis. We can look at that in a slightly different approach and think of the types of questions that a public works director or a public works personnel generally have to answer about their pavements. The most simple question of them is how much pavement do we have in the city? And that's a part of the inventory. How much do we have? What type is it? When was it built? The next question is what is the condition of that pavement? Is it in good shape or is it in bad shape? Is it deteriorating quickly or is it deteriorating slowly? How much funding is needed? If our pavement network is in worse shape than we need it, how much funding do we need to put it in the shape we'd like to have in it? If we have less funding than that, what impact is that going to have on the condition? So we have this one, the impact of changing budgets. If we do not spend all the money we should spend, what is the impact of deferring budgets to future years? Those are the types of questions that the network level portion of pavement management tries to address and that's what the Bay Area of Pavement Management System is all about. This particular presentation is the introduction to a series of five presentations. The five presentations generally address the following. The first one is what we call network breaking or it's taking your network and subdividing it into management units and that's really question one, how much pavement do we maintain and what kind of pavement is it and so on. The second training session addresses the second question, what is the condition? It's the pavement condition index survey and pavement distress identification to identify the condition of it. The third one addresses how much funding is needed, how much money is needed and that is where we address how we develop the decision trees to connect the condition of the pavement and the type of pavement with a particular rehabilitation technique and the associated cost. The fourth one addresses these two questions together and that is budget analysis, once you know how much money you need, the question then is if I have less than that money, how should I allocate my limited resources to address the pavement needs. The fifth training session addresses the use of the computer. The Bay Area Pavement Management System was developed for micro-computer usage, primarily IBM micro-computers or IBM compatible computers, at least an XT and we prefer an AT type pavement or micro-computer. So that's what the fifth one will address will be the actual usage of the computer. The pavement management system for the Bay Area was developed for Bay Area conditions and it addresses the four following types of pavements, the AC pavement which is the hot mix asphalt concrete, the AC over the AC which is a hot mix asphalt concrete overlay over a hot mix asphalt concrete pavement, the AC over the PCC which is a hot mix asphalt concrete over a Portland cement concrete pavement and the ST which is surface treatment over a granular base. It can also be over a stabilized base but it has no real hot mix in the pavement. So those are the four types of pavement surfaces the system was developed to address because those were the four types of surfaces that were available in the Bay Area as the predominant pavement types. The first step is to identify what you have. We use the terminology of a network. You can look at this and think of this as a sample network. When you start managing your pavements, how do you identify what you're going to do to the pavement? Are you going to say well we're going to go fix it? You have to say which one we're going to fix. And so we go through the process of teaching the users how to take a network like this of a group of pavements and subdivide them into management units. We take that network and subdivide it into consistent units. We've subdivided this street from here to here, broke it at that point and up there. This one goes from here to here and so on. So each of the streets is broken down so that we have a relatively consistent management unit and the network is then managed from there on based on those management units. And that is the purpose of the first training session. The second training session is based on developing a condition rating. Once you know what kind of pavement you have and how much you need to know what condition it is in. In the Bay Area Pavement Management System we use the PCI known from the Pavement Condition Index. The Pavement Condition Index we use to rate the pavement from zero to one hundred. Zero being in terrible shape, one hundred being brand new. The Pavement Condition Index is based on a distress survey which we train the agency personnel to do so that the agency can go out and inspect the pavement identifying certain types of distress such as cracking, rutting and so on on their pavements with their own crews and use that information back through the computer program which looks at the deduct curves showing the impact of certain severity levels and quantities of those distresses on the condition rating from zero to one hundred and come up with a condition rating for each section of pavement. Generally we do not try to inspect a hundred percent of the area of the pavement because we do not need that much information in general to make network level decisions. We can make it on less data than that and make reasonable network level decisions and we do it by sampling. So we inspect approximately ten to fifteen percent of the area of each of the management unit. We at least mentally break the management unit down into small subunits that we call inspection units and then we go inspect ten percent of those inspection units. They're not physically broken down out on the street but at least mentally we do subdivide them. The computer takes that information and calculates the PCI and with the PCI then comes up with a rating for each individual section of pavement. It puts it on a scale somewhere from zero to one hundred. Now once we have rated the condition of the pavement the next thing we have to do is start saying well what do we want to do to that pavement and what work does it need to be done and when does it need to be done. In order to do that most public works agencies look at a three to five year plan. So they look at the needs over some future period of three to five years. The Bay Area PMS we've developed a five year plan. If they only want to look at three years they only look at the first three years of the analysis period. In order to come up with the future condition we have to project it. We use a family curve projection technique in where in which we take actual performance data for Bay Area streets of a certain type and classification. This one happens to be for arterials with an AC surface and we develop a family curve. The family curve is the best fit curve through the performance of these individual sections of pavement. That curve gives you the shape, the general shape of the deterioration of pavements of this type in this Bay Area. However you notice that there's a lot of scatter in that and we do not use that alone to project the future condition of the pavement. In fact we use the family curve to get the shape when we actually project the condition of the pavement in the future. We take the actual observed performance point and bend the family curve through that performance point to get a better projection of the future condition of the pavement. In this case we're showing the projection of PCI in terms of age. We can also show it in terms of age and make the projection in terms of age and the function of traffic generally the natural log of traffic. Once we're able to do that we can project the condition in the future. We then need to come up with the budget needs. The budget needs is based on a two step analysis. The two step analysis is covered in the third of the training sessions. We discussed the life cycle cost analysis to identify the most cost effective network level strategies. When we talk about strategies instead of just talking about the first time fix we talk about the best maintenance treatments applied in a series over 20, 30, 40 year period to get the best life cycle cost. With that we then develop a decision tree and we set up a decision tree so that we connect the treatments with the condition of the pavement. We then take the PCI of the individual sections and project them over the period and basically run that through the decision tree for each year of the analysis period to identify when sections need to be fixed and what needs to be done to them. When we say come up with what needs to be done to them we also come up with the cost. Once we've come up with the cost and the fix the next step is to prioritize. By prioritizing we develop these concepts that we wanted to look at different budget levels. We wanted to allow the budget level to vary over the analysis period. We allow the user to analyze the impacts of different percentages being applied to preventive maintenance versus rehabilitation. We look at an account for stop gap maintenance, emergency maintenance. When we have pavements that need rehabilitation and they're not funded we can't just totally ignore them because they develop potholes and so on. We have to spend some of our money on that. We also collect information on deferred maintenance and we try to come up with a method to achieve the best condition for the money spent while allowing the user the flexibility to look at different budget levels. The approach we used is simply to take the projected condition of the pavement and the area under the projection curve which indicates the level of condition and how long it lasts. Divide that by the equivalent uniform annual cost per square yard which is the cost which has been annualized which is what equivalent uniform annual cost is divided by square yardage which is the method to merely take out the effects of different sized sections of pavement and then we multiply it by a weighting factor which is a function of the usage. So that we've now considered how good the pavement is, how long it's going to last, the cost over time, the area of the section and the usage to come up with a rating This rating is then used to rank sections of pavement and we use that then and go down and order the sections of pavement by that ranking and select from highest to lowest to identify those that we should spend limited funds on to get the best return on our monies. It is not set up to give people an answer. It is set up to give people a tool to try to answer the questions that we discussed. What's the impact of having different budget levels? You can put in any number of different budget levels that you have and try it. You can look at different amounts spent on preventive maintenance. Should you spend 10%, 20%, 50% on preventive maintenance? You put those in them, you run the analysis to identify the impact and the whole procedure then is the concept is to develop and provide the user with a tool to look at those questions. This then provides the user with the capability to identify the best expenditures of the funds over the analysis period. It allows him to look at different splits between preventive maintenance and rehabilitation. It shows the effect of different budget levels of the present pavement condition as compared to future condition. It shows the effect of different maintenance and rehabilitation strategies. We have put in, in all of the decision trees, default maintenance and rehabilitation strategies which are modifiable by the user. The user puts in different ones, tries running again and looks at the impact of that as well. So that's the whole approach. This portion of it is covered in the fourth section of the training. This chart shows a general flow diagram of what needs to be done from the beginning of the system until the complete implementation of the system. The first thing that we mentioned, you have to divide your network up into management units. We cannot manage by the whole system together as a conglomerate. We have to subdivide. In order to do that, we have to have certain information. We have to collect some information in construction, some traffic information, etc. We don't have to have all of it in all sections but what we have available, we put in. Once you've done that, there are certain things that you can get out. You can get some general historical reports and inventory reports. Following that, we then have to go out and inspect the sections of pavement. Once we've entered that data into the computer, once we've inspected it, we then can run reports that tell us the condition of the pavement. At the same time, we need to look at the treatment costs. The system has built into it default treatments and default costs. However, we always recommend that the agencies look at those and modify them to meet their own needs. In many cases, the default might be a surface treatment but the agency using it doesn't use surface treatments. They use slurry seals so there's no problem. They put in the slurry seal and their unit costs. We give them the training on how to complete the economic analysis and to do that, we then put together those treatments with the condition and project it into the future to determine the budget needs. This then comes out and we have selected management units that need maintenance rehabilitation. We then go through the process of running the budget analysis program to identify those that we should spend money on when we have less money than is indicated by the needs program. This then gives you the output of sections which need maintenance and rehabilitation and we also can run reinspection to identify when we need to reinspect certain sections of the pavement. There's also, we recognize the fact that after some of the work's been done, we need to put information back into the database saying that the surface has been maintained. We have put something on the surface such as a slurry seal or an overlay or reconstruction. That's kind of a flow diagram of the whole operation as far as beginning to end use of the pavement management system.


We'll begin our study of matrices by looking at the least important aspect of matrix algebra. So we want to look at what are called linear equations. A linear equation is, first of all, an equation, so we have to have an equal sign that lets this one out. We have to have one or more variables in the equation, so not this one. And finally, the terms of our equation have to either be constants or a constant multiplied by a variable raised to the first power. So these are equations, but they are not linear equations. If we have two or more linear equations, we also have what's called a system of linear equations, also known as a multilinear system of equations. It'll be most helpful if we put our equations in standard form. First, we agree on a specific ordering of the variables. So if I have a system of equations with three variables, x, y, and z, I might choose the ordering. How about x, y, z? Next, we'll want to make sure that all equations have the variable terms in order on one side of the equals and the constant on the other. So this equation has all the variable terms on the left-hand side, and they're in the order x, y, z. So it's already in standard form. However, this equation is not, and so we need to move that 5z to the other side, and the variable terms are in order. We have x coming before z. One more feature of standard form is that all equations should include all variables, so we'll need to use zero coefficients as necessary. It'll also be very convenient to write our equations as sums of terms, and so that means we'll want to use coefficients of 1 and negative numbers as necessary. So this equation we'll want to include as 0, y, so that it has all variables, and we'll change that minus 5z into a plus negative 5z. It's also convenient to write the coefficients of 1 that we ordinarily omit. And so we've rewritten our original system of equations as two equations in standard form. So what is the matrix? There's many different answers to this question, but we'll start with this one. A multilinear system of equations in standard form can be represented using an augmented coefficient matrix. Each row of the matrix is going to represent one equation, where the entries of the row are the variable coefficients in order, followed by the constant. So the first row of the matrix corresponds to the first equation, and the entries of the first row correspond to the coefficients in order, 3, 0, negative 2, followed by the constant, 1. And likewise, if I take a look at the second row of the matrix, these entries come from the second equation, the coefficients 2, 1, 0, and the constant 5. And finally the third row of the matrix corresponds to the third equation, with entries 1, negative 2, 0, and constant 3. In order to distinguish between the coefficients and the constant term, it is convenient to draw a vertical line separating them. And finally, we typically enclose the whole matrix either in brackets or in parentheses. In some cases, we might want to focus on just the coefficients. If we just include the coefficients, we have a coefficient matrix.


Ancient Alien Theory Ancient Aliens is the idea that aliens visited Earth in the past. The idea of ancient aliens is not a new one either. Imagination is one of the most powerful tools in humanity's evolutionary struggle for survival. As a race, we are hardwired to consider important concepts, such as the creation of life on Earth and the history of people on this planet. At some point, we are all presented with various explanations and theories regarding the expansion of human life on Earth. In the long history of mankind, the majority of these concepts have followed religious teachings and the power of a spiritual god or gods. In modern times, many people have come to challenge these claims. The idea of evolution has been used to describe the gradual change of traits that living organisms undergo over time, which is related to the environment, but it doesn't explain how the biological cells of humans first ancestors respond. Because of the fact that everyone is interested in the creation of life on Earth, and concurrently, we have been taught to believe in the power of religion and the impossibility of alien life. The idea surrounding ancient aliens is a basic one. It states that the human population was influenced by a group of extraterrestrials that visited Earth in the past. The ancient aliens were directly involved in the evolution of primates, including humans. It has been suggested that this was accomplished by way of genetic engineering, crossbreeding, or a combination of both, ultimately helping in the development of human cultures, technologies, and religion. The idea first gained widespread exposure with the 1968 publication of Chariots of the Gods by Eric Von Daniken. But the concept has been around since the middle of the 19th century. A common variant of the idea includes proposals that deities from most, if not all, religions, including angels and demons, are actually extraterrestrials whose advanced technologies were taken by people as evidence of a divine status. This concept is related to the religious practice of a cargo cult, which can be seen in modern-day pre-industrial tribal societies, especially during World War II, when indignious people were contacted by soldiers with advanced equipment, such as guns and tanks. The cults subsequently attempted to obtain wealth through magic and religious rituals and practices. The ancient alien theory states that extraterrestrials purposely tricked the human population into believing they were gods, creating religion to help people evolve more efficiently. It has been proposed that with the current age of the universe and its vast number of stars, if the Earth was typical, extraterrestrial life should be common. In response to this paradox, the Zoo hypothesis has been suggested. It states that aliens generally avoid making their presence known to humanity or avoid exerting an influence on development somewhat akin to zookeepers observing animals in a zoo or experimental scientists observing a study of life. Adherents of the hypothesis feel that the Earth and humans are being secretly surveyed using equipment located on Earth or elsewhere in the solar system. Charles Fort's unpublished 1915 manuscript, Novel X, describes how Martian beings or Martian events control life on Earth. Fort ultimately burnt the manuscript, but one surviving quote from it is, the Earth is a farm? We are someone else's property.


We are reflecting Bilbao's artistic heritage with a one-of-a-kind rendering of our EMA winners list. It's a modern art masterpiece, and under a certain light, the image reveals the secret winners' names. Our presenters will be using it all night. It's very cool. Cost a fortune to make. Oh. Oh gosh. Uh, uh, probably shouldn't have had Banksy design it.


This is Father Olivier Murray, a Catholic priest who has been brutally murdered just a few days ago in France. He was allegedly beaten to death by a so-called refugee who he had welcomed into his community. What's more, the suspect had already been arrested and subsequently released on bail for setting fire to a cathedral in the same area of southwest France. When released on bail the priest took him in offering him room and board. The suspect from Rwanda was due to go on trial for the arson attack on the church which took place in July last year but while on bail this man was free to travel around Europe. It's an incredible situation. So let's start from the beginning. This man is from Rwanda. There is no war there at present. In fact it appears to be rebuilding itself. So what exactly are the grounds for asylum in Europe? Can anyone come here from a developing country? Well the answer to this seems to be yes. Does a country need to be at war or engaged in ethnic genocide or displacement? No. People are coming to Europe merely because their countries are poor. That's most of the world's countries. It is in effect a global open border. France will have its own laws on asylum but the basics across the world including in the UK come from the globalist United Nations. It all essentially started with the UN treaty formulated in 1951. The convention relating to the status of refugees just a few years after the end of World War 2. It was originally intended to help European refugees should an atrocity like the Holocaust ever be repeated but with a protocol in 1967 this was expanded to cover the whole world. What this does is allow people from anywhere to claim asylum in safe countries. Where are the safe countries? The West and pretty much only the West. It means that people can come from around the world to the West and that's it in a nutshell. To claim asylum a person is supposed to be able to show that they are at risk in their home country as a result of their race or religion or political viewpoint for example. Each individual is supposed to provide evidence for this but we know that vast numbers are arriving on mass. Investigating each individual when we don't even know where they're from is impossible. So European governments are just allowing people to stay. If they can get here they can remain here. Simple. What isn't considered is whether these so-called refugees present a threat or a danger to the native people of Europe. Our governments don't care. Even when it's proven that an individual poses a threat to our safety European governments let them stay anyway. At this point is crucial in allowing people who they know pose a threat to our safety to stay in our countries regardless. Our governments are actively choosing to prioritise the economic well-being of strangers from all over the world over and above our safety. Take that in for a moment.  The brutal murder of this priest is just another example. One of many. Serious crimes have been committed in huge numbers against native Europeans in recent years. These include murder, terror attacks and rape. The 2015 terror attacks in France that killed hundreds including at Bataclan and Charlie Hebdo were committed by Muslim extremists including refugees. Following these attacks the French government did nothing to reduce the flow of migrants coming through its borders. The Berlin Christmas market attack in 2016 was committed by another Muslim who came to Europe pretending to be a minor seeking refuge. He was in fact a criminal fleeing prosecution in his home country of Tunisia. Also in Germany the cologne attacks in which hundreds of women were sexually assaulted in one evening attacks that German authorities initially intended to cover up was also carried out by so-called refugees. Again nothing was done to reduce the numbers entering Germany. Here in the UK the Manchester Arena bombing of 2017 was committed by the son of refugees. One of the London Bridge attackers was a failed asylum seeker. The list goes on and on and on but at no point do our governments consider closing our borders or even deporting suspected criminals. We are like lambs to the slaughter and now in 2021 the numbers just keep rising. Every day more and more people arrive illegally from all over the world and we're told to have a heart. These people need help, they're in danger. No, we are in danger and our leaders could not care less and it isn't just violent attacks on individuals. The assault on our culture is creating enormous conflict for future generations to deal with. Back in France thousands of churches have been destroyed in the last few years but the French government is silent. Similar has happened in London. Anti-Semitic attacks are so high that Jews are leaving Europe in vast numbers. Our society is changing before our eyes and our governments not only don't prevent it but actively encourage it. Now it's up to us to see this for what it is. This influx of so-called refugees and asylum seekers has nothing to do with compassion. There is no compassion for the Europeans who are murdered or raped. This is just another branch of the great reset alongside coronavirus and climate change. It's an attempt to transform our world. To do so the West must come crashing down and mass immigration is fundamental to this aim. Do not fall for these lies any longer. Recognize that your government is a direct and present danger to you. Recognize that fact and vote them out of office. Vote for your children's future. Vote for the truth. Vote for genuine democratic representation. Vote for Britain. Thank you for watching. If you would like to stay updated with all of our latest videos please like the video below and subscribe to our channel. As you probably know, for Britain is shadow banned on most social media. So it's really important to like and share our videos in order to get our message out. Thanks again for helping us to fight back. Thanks again for helping us to bring back Britain.


A common support question that I sometimes receive on my GitLab and through other media is how can I switch out Dmenu for Rofi or vice versa and some of these scripts that people share online. So many people write Dmenu scripts, for example. I have a package called DM scripts on my GitLab. It's a program, it's a collection of about 26 or 28 different Dmenu scripts that you can install on your system. I believe it's available in the AUR, the Arts User Repository. For those of you using the DTOS repositories, you can install DM scripts via Pacman. But DM scripts, my package, it actually expects you to have Dmenu installed on your system. And of course, many people write Dmenu scripts. Dmenu scripts are just littered all over GitHub and GitLab.  But you can actually switch out these run launchers. You can use Rofi in a Dmenu script and you can use Dmenu in a Rofi script. They're actually pretty easy to interchange and you don't need any programming experience. You don't need any scripting experience. You really don't need to know any bash at all for what I'm about to do. So this is very simple for those of you that have had this problem. Let me switch over to my desktop here. I'm going to open my browser and open the Brave browser here and let me open a tab. I'm going to do a quick Google search here for, I don't know, Dmenu script. Let's just search for a random script on GitHub. Here's a collection of Dmenu scripts. Let's find one and let's make it work with Rofi. So let me zoom in here in the browser so you guys can see. This script here is very simple. The first three lines here that are not commented. These are assigning some variables here, lines, dash L20. So this is how many lines Dmenu is going to use font. This is the font that Dmenu is going to use and colors. These are background color, the foreground color, et cetera, that Dmenu is going to use. These are typically flags you use in the Dmenu command. He's just shortening them to these variables here. But I don't want to get too technical because I told you, you don't need to know any scripting or programming. You actually didn't need to know what those lines do. All you needed to know that there is this line here, Dmenu. Now if you replace that with Rofi space dash Dmenu because Rofi has a Dmenu mode, this Dmenu script would actually work with Rofi. Let me actually copy this. I'm going to close the browser, let me CD into a test directory that I have. And I've actually already copied that particular script over into NeoVim here. So right now I'm just going to leave this script as is. Let me write and quit and let me chmod. I'm going to do a chmod plus x on that file, meaning make it executable. So I can actually run it because if you don't make it executable, you can't run the script. And now I'm going to do a dot slash name of script. And there is vet in Dmenu, right? So that is just Dmenu running at the top there and let me kill that. Now what if instead of doing all of that, I go back into the script and again, you don't really need to know any programming. Just go find wherever the script pipes things into Dmenu. There's two places it does that. And all you need to do is change Dmenu into Rofi space dash Dmenu. And then down here, Rofi space dash Dmenu. Every instance where you see something being piped into Dmenu, the Dmenu command change it to Rofi space dash Dmenu. And now let me rerun that. And now it's running that same script, which is a kill process script is showing all the running processes on my system. And I could go pick one and kill it if I wanted that process to terminate. So how easy was that? You didn't really need to know any batch scripting to figure that out. And you can pretty much do that with any script that was written with Dmenu in mind, just replace it with Rofi space dash Dmenu. So let me go back into this script here. And one thing I would say is what I would advise people to do is instead of having Rofi or Dmenu in your script, what I would do is set a variable. So in my DM scripts, what I actually do is I have a variable for Dmenu equals and then I have whatever command that I want the run launcher to actually run such as Dmenu dash L20 for number of lines is 20 dash I for insensitive name searching. So that's the way I would do it. I would set that variable and then I would go down here and just have the commands that are being piped into Dmenu or Rofi. Just be a variable. So now that I have that, let me write and quit. I rerun that. Of course it's running it in Dmenu, but what I could do is I could always change that. What I'm going to do is I'm just going to copy the line and this time I'm just going to go in here and I'm going to change that to Rofi space dash Dmenu. And of course, we can't have both of these active, so I'm going to comment out the Dmenu line of the Dmenu equals Dmenu. I'm going to have it now. Dmenu equals Rofi space dash Dmenu. And now, of course, the script executes in Rofi. So those of you writing Dmenu scripts or Rofi scripts, what I would strongly urge you do is to use a variable for the run launcher and have both lines. Have a line for that variable to equal Dmenu, have a line for that variable also to equal Rofi so people can swap between the two very easily. People that know nothing about scripting can't easily turn on and off the run launcher that they want to use. So that is what I typically do in my script. So that's what I do in my DM scripts. Let me open up Emacs and I will navigate to my DM scripts here. So if I go into my home directory, I look for my DM scripts repository here. Let's open this up in Dear Ed here. Of course, DM scripts, this is typically what the source code will look like. I go in the scripts directory. There's about, again, about 26, 28, nearly 30 scripts in this directory. These are the actual scripts themselves. But you notice I also have a config directory. Go in it and there is a single file called config. And if I go into that, this config file, this is a config file for all of my DM scripts. And you see this line here. Demenu equals and then demenu with all the appropriate flags. Well, if you wanted to, what you could do, copy that or comment that out and then now change that variable to demenu equals rophe-demenu whatever flags you want to use. And that would be all you have to do. Now I'm actually not going to do that because this is a Git repository so I actually didn't want to change that file. But if I did that, all of my DM scripts, if I launch my DM scripts, would now of course work using rophe. And actually, now that I think about it, for documentation purposes, I probably actually should keep a line here. By default, it should, of course, default to using demenu. That's probably what most people that install DM scripts will expect to be there. But I will leave this commented line out for rophe for those that want to be able to swap between the two. There's a train going by. You guys can probably hear the train horn blowing there. Well, yeah, I will ride and quit that and I'll commit that to the next version of DM scripts. And for those that want to learn more a little bit about some of the documentation on how to use demenu and rophe, of course, check out the man pages. There's a man page for demenu, of course, that'll give you all the flags. And of course, if you read the man page for rophe and look for demenu, you will see emulating demenu. So that demenu mode and you can see there is actually a man page specifically for rophe-demenu. And that's all one word for the man page. So rophe-demenu will actually tell you a little bit about how rophe can emulate demenu, how you can swap out rophe and demenu in a script very easily. So I hope that helps people because it is, again, a very common support question because I write so many scripts of mine with demenu in mind and so many viewers of the channel. You guys, so many of you guys are using rophe and you want me to rewrite these scripts to use rophe. I'm not going to do that because then the people that would want the script to work with demenu would complain, right? Because no, swapping them out is as easy as swapping out the demenu command for the rophe command inside the script. And the person that wrote the script did it in a smart way. They probably have a variable like I do in my DM scripts where there's a variable for the exact run launcher you're using. And if you swap that out, it changes all the instances of that run launcher in the script for you. So you don't have to manually change, I don't know, five, ten instances of demenu for a rophe. If it's a very complicated script. Now, before I go, I need to thank a few special people. I need to thank the producers of this episode. And of course, I'm talking about James Maxim Matt Mimit, Mitchell Paul, Royal West, Armor Dragon, Bash Potato, Chuck Commander, Henry George, Lee, Methos, Nate, Erion, Peace March and Vador, Polytech Reality, S4less, Red Prophet, Roland, Stools, Devler, and Willie, these guys. They're my high-steered patrons over on Patreon. Without these guys, this episode would not have been possible. The show is also brought to you by each and every one of these fine ladies and gentlemen. All these names you're seeing on the screen right now, these are all my supporters over on Patreon. I don't have any corporate sponsors. If you want to see more videos about free and open source software like Demenu and Rophe, subscribe to DistroTube over on Patreon. These guys.


Dear students, in this module we shall discuss the concepts of adaptation, acclimatization and acclimation. Adaptation is an evolutionary process that occurs extremely slowly in aseptic states. It involves thousands of generations. During this process, the physiology of the members of a species becomes well matched to the changing environment. This phenomena is very important in the survival of a species. The changes that are gathered through adaptation are generally not reversible. According to the phenomena of adaptation, there is another phenomena which is called acclimatization. Acclimatization is also an adaptive change, but it involves only one or a few members of a species. It happens due to the chronic exposure of a member of a species to naturally occurring changed environmental conditions. While acclimation is also an adaptive change that involves not natural environmental conditions but induced or experimentally induced laboratory conditions. Acclimatization and acclimation both are acquired characters. They are not actually adapted and evolutionary characters. They are restricted to only one or few members of a species. These characters do not have a genetic basis, so they are not inheritable. An individual adopts any changes in his life time and does not inherit them. So they have no evolutionary significance. Such changes are generally reversed. Now we shall take an example of acclimatization. Let us consider an animal that voluntarily migrates from a valley to a high mountain area where there is low partial pressure of oxygen. What is the effect of acclimatization? When an animal migrates from a valley to a high altitude mountain area, its respiration rate, breathing rate increases. This rate increases and becomes normalised after a few days and becomes normalised. This means that the animal is acclimatised with new, naturally occurring environmental conditions. In simple words, the animal is acclimatised by the scientific terminology. For the example of acclimation, we consider that the same animal was brought into the laboratory. A scientist put the animal in a hypobaric chamber at low atmospheric pressure. The same types of effects will appear on its breathing rate. That is, it will increase initially and after a few days it will drop to normal. But since this is happening in the laboratory, we will say that this animal has acclimated. Let us take an example of adaptation. Adaptation is a naturally occurring phenomena that occurs over many thousand years and involving thousands of generations. This is an example of bar-headed goose. A bar-headed goose flies at a height of as much as a mount average. This is an example of evolution that occurs over many thousands of years and adapts to this species. This is an example of all the members of this species. This is adaptation.


Oops, he's going on everyone Sam here with late sports cards. We're doing the Recap video for Tuesday night MLB baseball is back season opener 50 box Big Sur madness random teams have a good one Chris. Thanks again, man Thank You Tony. We've got cool Papa Bell meal subtles. Mookie bets Mike trout mark McGuire Ken Griffey Brandon Marsh Jaren Durand That off to the side for a second Relics we've got Dustin Petroia Matt Olson Noah Cinder guard Louise Brinson Jordan Walker That is Joe Sewell Albert Pujols Orlando Sapeida catfish hunter on hell's Zerpa Didi Gregorius David Bodie Brendan Rogers Paul Goldschmidt Carlos Correa Aaron judge to 50 Kyle Muller John Gray Harry Brasheen Carlton Fisk Max Muncie Kiebert Ruiz Brison stop Jake Arietta Vladdie senior We've got CJ Abrams Lance Berkman Jake Berger Ryan Sandberg Lou Bob Mark McGuire Seth beer John Smoltz Brandon Crawford We've got Christian Yelich Buster Posey Mark McGuire Joe Maurer Vladdie senior Rafi devours Christian Arroyo Michael Conforto Craig Kimbrell Larry Walker Eloy Whit Merrifield Bobby Bradley Quinn Cotton Jordan Yamamoto Cody house or hosts Logan Wyatt Carlos Rincone Joey Luchesi Riley Adams Lolo Sanchez William Contreras bruised our grad role Jonathan Loisica Jonathan Loisica to Johnny lasanias We've got Matt brash Mike Bowman Andrew Vaughn Reese Nair Elliot Ramos Mike Piazza Trey Harris Austin Hanson Tyler Dyson Curtis Terry Hector Yon Ryan Cusick Drew Gray Austin Love Mason Barnett Nate Furman South Stewart Thanks Chavez We've got okay James Beard Ruben Cardenas Connor Cannon Tony Debrell Mikeabello Eric Rivera Robert Poisson John Diaz Connor Cannon Nick Prado Connor Siebold Brandon Davis Hogan Harris Hogan Harris Ford Proctor John Diaz Gerard incarnacion Mike Abbeo Everson Pereira Ford Proctor Douglas Hodo Alex DeJesus Dorel Hernandez Tyler Whitaker Jack Sawinsky Denzer Guzman nor hey Vera gyro Paul Maris Simon Juan Cameron Cawley Tyler Black Alex Benelis Eson Morebell Brandon Crawford Nicola Dolo Joey Wentz James Outman Reaver San Martin Bobby Whit Colton Welker. That's Jesus Galiz Matthew Nelson I Asia and Pinto Connor Stain Noah Dean Kate Horton say as a zoo key short Frank Guy Lipscomb Zane Mills Matthew Nelson Emanuel Rodriguez Fidel Montero Douglas Hodo Brooks Lee Shane Bosz on held Zerpa Louis Heels Zack Lothar We've got Landon Sims Henry Williams Tanner Schoble Kate Doughty Brenner Cox Kumar rocker JR Richie Tyler Locklear now We got a freaking mags. Dude. This is nuts Ken Murphy Jr. to 10 patch auto to start us off insane Trevor Hoffman to five for the Padres Bobby Whit Jr. to 199 for the Royals Derek Jeter 1 of 15 for the inks Maddox Bruns 1 of 1 for the Dodgers 1 of 1 John Heasley RPA for the Cardinals or no for the Royals. I mean Elijah Green refractor to 499 red Jason Churriot to 5 Kristen Baccaro bowman chrome prospect autograph redemption for the Nets bowman UFO autograph Mike trout for the Angels green Jackson holiday to 99 we've got a Vladding Jr. and Ron Lacuna Jr. on the Dual Nasty Alec Thomas one of seven Jason Dominguez base auto Anthony Volpe to 499 CJ Abrams refractor to 499 one of one Hector Yon For the Angels Elijah Green purple to 250. We've got a Matt Chapman and a cow Raleigh and cased autos from pristine Premium ink is gonna be Cal Ripken Jr One of one Aaron judge from time and icons We got three Shohei Otanis three Otanis rookies Elijah Green Invicta autograph gold atomic parallel to 50 Mel Allen one of four cut auto and the biggest hit well Heber to Hernandez one of one from first edition by far the biggest hit of the night To 50 to a 50 Jason Dominguez gold shimmer auto for the Yanks. That'll do it for the break guys Thank you again so much for the fill on this was an absolute blast Next up we got nothing


Hi everyone. Happy new release day. Happy Wednesday. I'm Joe for jaspyscasegrakes.com and that is XR football. Pick your team number three. Half case from a fresh case. A lot of great stuff here. I think most of you are familiar with XR all-card ship. There's the fresh case and a very big. Thank you to the people who bought their teams straight up on the first of the month It's the first of the month. So we've got a new font here. We're going Last month was a sans-serif font and this month is a serif font who got last bot mojo Let's see. I think it was Logan M who picked up the Colts Lions and Cowboys So you grab those three teams before they were pulled for the random number block So once again here's the final list once again And here are the results of the number blocks in a different video But there are the results right there and here is the XR football fresh case Second half of the case already in the store. Pick your team four and I think that is almost full down to eight All right, so for this we're gonna select one of these Diamonds like that one right there and we'll go one two three for the left side and four five six for the right side Four one two three four five six and this side we will save for next time So we'll mark all of those you can see the number four right there. It'll be for pick your team four Four is all along there along the left side. All right. Oh, he got some answers for us Mike tower So we were talking about a random conversation before we had this video started this video was Manhattan College Nickname the jasper's not like jasper sin and the jasps right here, but jasper's So my tower looked it up and we're like what the hell is a jasper the unique nickname of the Manhattan College of I think jasper's comes from one of the college's most memorable figures brother jasper of Mary FSC who served at the college in late in the late 19th century a native of Ireland brother jasper came to Manhattan College in 1861 as the head of resident students He was the he was the RA and then brother jasper rumored to have a wicked hookshot Where they they must have still been shooting to like peach baskets at that point. We have here. I think that's a hit down there All right. We got Keelan Branson Ojalari So they're a non numbered base cards, which may be part of a number block room We'll do a randomizer at the end to see who gets those Really like the XR. Oh one of one David Johnson our first train whistle of the day Jerry Bennington with the Texans Jerry All aboard the big hit Express Good start really like the XR design this year, but I feel like they're taking Adding more X's into the design which I'd like There's a Monroe St. Brown. Oh, he did not have a wicked hookshot. That was made up by my tower lies fake news Yeah, I was gonna be like basketball. I don't think was Around in the 1860s All right out of 149 Steve Largent vintage moments And we got a nice Darius Leonard award winners autograph Highlighting is 2018 defensive rookie of the year award. He's pretty good Colts that's gonna be for Logan last pod mojo 70% of the time Hits a hundred percent of the time. So we have AJ Brown to 249 and We got Joe try on to 49 for the Buccaneers. That's gonna go to that's a number block Group right there and AJ will go to Darian and the Titans and the hits behind James Winston is a six out of ten X-factor materials Two-color patch Cornell how? There you go. That kind of looks like a chip in the card. It's not it's a It's his shoe Sort of hard to tell but it's the shoe and then we've got a ooh nice Justin Fields 10 out of 15 Jersey and autograph and that it's for John John picked up the Bears straight up and Gets the Justin Fields Jersey and autograph nice start Yeah, I kind of like that too Mike Tower pointing out that there's a there's a nice like rookie card watermark almost a I got a step and repeat sort of look In the background, I don't know if XR has one One of one per case I don't know if that's actually something that's guaranteed We'll find out we got Gronk to 249 and Gary Brightwell to 249 Buccaneers and Giants And behind Jacob Harris to 99 is Kyle Trask autograph Nice rookie auto. Yeah, this that does look pretty sharp. I like the Penny sleeve. I like the X pattern in the background. I like the the rookie badge kind of printed in The background the sort of the Sunburst pattern in the background there. That's pretty nice Kyle Trask is a buccaneer and the buccaneers are a number block team. So that goes to 134 buccaneers for So that's gonna be for Ryan Ryan P with that one No, the Darius Leonard not numbered those award winners autographs are usually not numbered But we do have a DVR function Logan. You can always rewind back and double-check, but If you do that, don't forget to click the live button to make sure you come back live there's Odell Beckham jr. Brown's addition to 99 and Then a Greg Newsom the second to 199 XR to Yeah, Jason already did that Is that not uploaded? Oh, maybe Jason didn't upload it No one I saw one is uploaded XR one is uploaded I don't think XR two was uploaded I'm uploading this video right now stand by All right, so XR two is uploading right now. Sorry. I don't think Jason uploaded it So it's uploading now as we speak All right back to pick your team three behind Penae Seul is Triple relic Michael Carter 36 out of 149 That'll be for the Jets Adam Cupperman picking up his Jets straight up and we've got a Josh Palmer 15 out of 99. It'll be for the Bolts. That's gonna go to Chime with the Chargers Good luck ice tray. No pick your team two is not sold out yet But once we do that filler Sooner we do that filler it will be Trinavious white to 249 and see me faioko to 199 There's a triple threats triple relic Najee Harris one out of 49 No, yeah, that only applies to the snake Mike tower Michael Glutti and his Steelers Behind Nico Collins is a Michael Carter 192 out of 199 Jersey and autograph for Adam and his J ETS Jets Jets Jets I feel like he's had some some some bright spots It was rookie season Cooper Cup DJ Moore Tyler Boyd to 199 Patrick Surtain to 249 Couple interceptions for Here's a vintage moments card to 149 for the Giants Michael Strahan We have a one out of five Paul Krauss old Vikings legend That's it and a claimed autograph a claimed autographs Paul Krauss one out of five Minnesota is a number block team so that goes to Minnesota one and that's got randomized number one Josh Smith there you go Josh All aboard the Big Head Express whoo-hoo, you know what Mike I bet he could Baby, I bet you could we've got a redemption on the bottom. You got a Justin Fields rookie card For the Bears John with the Bears straight up. I really I do I do like that rookie card look Pattern in the background does look sharp this XR looks real sharp this year out at 75 CD lamb Jamar Chase to 249 And we got impending greatness Justin Fields 71 out of 149 Hopefully that's what Bears fans are hoping maybe with They freshen up that coaching staff Maybe that maybe he could Could be a great next up is a Benjamin St. Eust eight out of ten For the Washington football team that's going to be for Patrick Davis Terry McLauren Cooper cup to 249 Rondale more to 199 Mark's guessing a Richard Bateman redemption team materials dual relic for the Niners Patrick Willis and Navarro Bowman Kind of hard to read that font a little bit but Niners Alifonzo with the Niners There's David Johnson again and The redemption is gonna be It's Elijah Moore rookie swatch autographs white parallel Elijah Moore for the Jets And that goes to Adam picked up his jet straight up another jet Maybe we can find the guy that throws in the ball Yeah, Cincinnati is a number block team. Thank you. It was 848 out of 249 Now go to Ryan. All right, see you Mike The next one another redemption on the bottom Got an autograph on the bottom of that one There's Dak Prescott to 249 and Jalen model 132 out of 199. All right behind extra extra Kyler Murray read all about it 96 out of 149 is looks like a New York football giant that's gonna be Gary Brightwell 139 out of 199 Giants picked up straight up by Josh s They're two different Josh's I think in this break. There's a Josh Smith And we got a Josh Schneiderman. Just want to go to Josh Schneiderman who picked up the New York football giant straight up Oh, was there not There are sorting team will make sure those those numbered cards go to all the right places Derek Carr 94 out of 199 and a Kylin Garrison Granson 8 out of 49 for the Colts We've got 21 out of 75 X factor materials Remandry Stevenson for the Patriots John picked up the Patriots Whoa, Teddy pulled a out of five Brady extra extra that insert does look pretty cool. All right, and the redemption is It's Kyle Pitts for the ATL. That's Brody and his Falcons Nice rookie swatch autographs white. There you go, Brody. Thanks for getting in nice Kyle Pitts Sign your cards Kyle. Come on. Mr. Pitts All right, two boxes to go second half in the store jazzy's case rakes calm. No worries, Brody Thanks for grabbing your team straight up and rewarded. All right, pick your team for It's still holding at eight ladies and gentlemen. I think we can I think we can get that done straight up Josh Allen TJ Watt to 75 four out of 75 and Aziz O'Jallari won 223 out of 249 We've got a nice Jamar chase relic 30 out of 49 So that Cincinnati is a number block team. So that was Cincinnati zero Fred Schultz Fred with that x-ray relic. That looks pretty cool. There's Elijah Mitchell and he reveals a Remandry Stevenson triple relic and autograph 28 out of 199 Patriots picked up straight up by John J. G. Is Eli Mitchell Let's see what we got back here Gilmore Prescott. We've got Jaguar with Josh Allen to 99 and that is 89 out of 199 that's Osa Odigizawa and there's quitty pay Trey sermon behind him and Trey sermon reveals a Oh Don't oh Duffy Oh 66 out of 199 for the Ravens. So Baltimore is a number block team. So that's 66 Sort of hard to see. There you go. 66 out of 199. So that goes to Baltimore six Adam cupperman with Baltimore six. There you go, Adam. That's nice. Trey sermon here 58 out of 149 all right Seventh and final box first half of this of this break of this case second half in the store Jasper's case breaks calm See what we're gonna close out with nice Jalen waddle rookie card. We got Bill's Josh Allen Got a Henry rugs and a J Tefell 94 out of 249 Rugs is 57 out of 99. All right and your hits Jalen waddle Nice X factor of material six out of 49 nice three-color patch That's gonna that's a number block team So Miami six is gonna be for Adam nice Jalen wall. He's looking pretty good behind the Andre Hopkins is Jersey and auto 38 out of 99 Pat Friarmooth, and that is for Michael and his dealers It's a 38 out of 99. All right. There's that press Scott T. Y. Hilton 65 out of 249 Tyson Campbell 93 out of 199 and a Justin Fields extreme rookie extreme rookies 16 out of 149 And that's for the Bears that's for JJG and our last hit behind Stefan Gilmore is Des Fitzpatrick Luminous endorsements autograph 24 out of 99 Titans picked up straight up by Darian. It's black ink autograph for the Titans There you have it boys and girls. Thanks for watching. Thanks for breaking with us. There are some non numbered cards No hits but some non numbered Base cards that are gonna go to the number block teams So we're gonna randomize them as one lot and give it to one person in that number block So let's flip screens Back to the number block list. Let's grab everybody's names You dice new list and name on top will get the group of non numbered cards For the for those teams in that tab four and a one five times name on top after five one two three four And a one fifth and final time after five. It's gonna be Adam So Adam, you'll you'll get some of those non numbered base cards for that group of teams in that tab down there Thanks, everybody. This was pick your team three brand new release more in the storage ask these case breaks calm Check it out and I'll see you next time for the next break. Bye. Bye