Hey guys, Dan Giles here. Here's a tip for you. I got some electrical devices I want to show you how to to properly wire. What do I mean? A switch and an outlet. That's right. A switch and an outlet. And to properly wire these things there's certain things you need to know. First of all, what you need to know is how far back to strip the insulation off of that wire. Here's the wire I've got and you want to know how much insulation do I strip off of this thing. Well, luckily on the backs of outlets and on the back of switches there's a gauge that tells you just exactly how much wire to strip.  So what you would do is just line your wire up to that piece, put your thumb right there on that mark, then get your wire strippers, find the correct gauge wire on your strippers that you're stripping back and voila!  Then all you want to do is grab the tip of that wire and put your little turn on it just like that. Now you want it to go clockwise and why? Well, when you wire into the screws on this outlet you want those wires to go clockwise with the way the screw turns on that.  If you did it the opposite way you'd be pushing that wire out and chances are you're not going to get a good connection. Something else you want to guarantee that you do when you strip that wire back you want to make sure that you don't have any insulation under that screw so that when you tighten that up and this is my handy dandy 11 in one it's got a square bit on the tip of it there that's perfect for the screws that are on these outlets and switches and you tighten it up you're turning it clockwise to tighten it up and remember the wires turn clockwise so it's not going to push it out of that screw it's going to tighten it up in that screw and you just tighten it up. Now you're going the correct way you don't have any insulation under that screw all you have is copper wire because what happens is that that insulation is going to shrink a little bit and if you've got that screw tightening on top of insulation and that insulation shrinks now you've got to lose connection and that's going to be a potential fire hazard you're going to start getting arcing and shorts in there and then you're going to have an issue. So anyway that's how you properly wire an outlet it's going to be the same thing with the switch where on the back of this switch this is my wire gauge right there so i'm going to put my wire on there i'm going to mark where i'm going to strip it back at my crimpers and pull off the perfect amount of insulation like that so anyway guys i hope this is going to help you and make it easier for you to wire an outlet and a switch because you don't want this wire to be stripped way back to here and have all that bare wire past your outlet or your switch something else you need to know a little quick tip here the brass colored screws on that outlet that's going to be your hot wires the black on the other side you have silver screws that's your neutral wires the white another way to know that you're going to wire it correctly is to know that your neutral wires are always going to be on the same side as your ground that's it see you next time so this is Dan Giles another quick tip for you i hope the video helps you be sure to hit the subscribe button if you're not already subscribed if you are thank you for watching thank you for coming back you're much appreciated if you're new to the channel welcome to you and i hope that you learn something from each and every video i have so anyway hit the like button give me a thumbs up let me know that you appreciate it hey and if you want to support the channel right down there is a little applause button check it out support the channel support me this is Dan Giles i'll see you in the next video


We know there are lots of caring individuals who want to give back and say thanks to the veterans in their community, but it's not always clear how. DAV's new Volunteer for Veterans website is making it easier than ever to honor the service and sacrifices of our nation's heroes. VolunteerForVeterans.org is a new platform that connects volunteers with local veterans. The site also makes it simple for veterans and caregivers to find assistance from individuals who want to help. The website's easy to use. First, make a quick profile by clicking the login sign up button at the top right of your screen. Next, go to Click Here to register your account and fill out a short profile. Here, you'll identify yourself as a volunteer, a veteran, or a caregiver. Finally, check your inbox for a confirmation email. If you don't see it, be sure to check your spam folder. Click the link in the confirmation email and you'll be prompted to create an account password. And that's it. You're now officially a part of our amazing volunteer community and you're ready to start searching for opportunities to give back. Click the home button, input your zip code and select how far you'd like to search, then hit the search button. At any time, you can add opportunities to your profile. Click the drop-down arrow next to your name at the top right and select My Profile. You can add pictures and information about yourself and even notify DAV if you need claims assistance. Through volunteerforveterans.org, we're making it easy for volunteers and veterans to make the connection. We appreciate every person who takes part in this amazing community, so make sure to share this video and spread the word.


This weekend was the first operational weekend for our mobile deployment unit. The unit consists of 15 experienced police officers. They're local police officers, so they've all got a good understanding of local policing issues and also two crime issues on the Gold Coast. The unit has three crews over two ships on a 24-hour basis, so they're on the road, sorry, 16 hours a day. They're mainly focused on a rapid response capability to address our more serious crime and also to saturation policing where we do have offences occurring in a particular location. The patrols are based upon intelligence and also to information we get from such organisations as crime stoppers and also to information from the public from time to time. They're a support role. They support our existing police and they respond to the more serious jobs, what we call our Code 1 and Code 2 jobs. They'll go in, make an initial assessment of the job and then hand it over to divisional police or detectives for follow-up. At the moment we're looking at high-risk offenders and we're targeting those with a view to taking them off the streets as quickly as we can. We're also looking at targeted traffic enforcement, that is the more serious traffic offences that are being committed on the Gold Coast. We're also looking at intelligence gathering at the moment, particularly in relation to OMCG members who are on the Gold Coast. And the unit also to embrace the concept of borders policing, that is it can be rapidly deployed to locations within the Gold Coast District and the Gold Coast District now extends from Jacobswell down to the border with New South Wales. You said 16 hours a day, is that seven days a week? Seven days a week, 16 hours a day and so there's three crews on weekends. That's right, on weekends we're working as well. There's been a bit of suggestions that they're just being drawn from existing police on the coast and it's basically just a wee deployment of resources but how do you... Well, what they are, they're 15 experienced police officers who have drawn together but they are actually being backfilled by less experienced officers. Some officers going to their second year are replacing these officers so we've got officers on the road with plenty of experience and of course the more junior officers, they're subject to training that's occurring back at their stations. So are they technically extra police then? That's right, since about the 1st of April last year we've had an additional 60 police on the Gold Coast in terms of our allocation so they are new numbers in terms of an allocation. Steve, what sort of reception did they get on Friday night walking through the city? Well, obviously probably not a good reception from the bikeies but from our point of view I think it was very worthwhile as an intelligence gathering exercise. Did you get anything from them in the clubhouses? Well, I haven't had a look at the specific outcome of that particular operation just yet. We had a few incidents over night where they were involved, did they respond to those? We had an arson at Manmade Beach, do you know if any of the members went to that at all? What time was the arson? That was three this morning, wasn't it? Look, I think their latest shift on Sunday was probably four to twelve. What we're trying to do is to roster them during peak calls for service periods and then during our quieter times of the week, which is sort of Tuesday, probably through to Thursday, sorry, Monday through to Thursday, they'll probably work day shift and that type of thing. What were some of the more significant things they were involved in on the weekend? There were some saturation patrols of Coomer, we did an operation up there called Operation Northern Borders. There were saturation patrols at Broad Beach, we've had some breaking itters around that area there. Also to Coomer and Gatta, we were doing some work down there for armed robbery offences and also to, we conducted an operation called Operation Caval and Victoria, which was in the surface paradise area with respect to liquor enforcement. And of course there was the patrols over the school holidays, holiday periods as well and that's an operation we have called Operation Emblem. And this is a sort of similar to the operation scene, isn't it, but the only difference being it's permanent? That's right, yes it is. And so this squad will, yeah, it is completely permanent, it will remain in place. That's right, yes, they're actually working from this building here and they'll remain in place and probably with the effluxion of time, they'll increase the numbers. How many bikers? How many others do they have? We haven't got that figure I'm saying. I'll just tell you, there were two taskings for bikers. One was at the southern end of the Gold Coast and one was on the middle end of the Gold Coast. However, what I must say is that there will be ongoing operations with respect to bikers and I'll be looking at offences committed by bikers and also to clubhouses gathering intelligence and also to targeted operations as it relates to bikers. You've never touched on it before, but how do you respond to claims that this is just a public city stunt because of all the drums that you might have made then? Well, it's certainly not from my point of view. It's a new unit, we've set up a rapid response unit and it's a very effective safer and obviously with time we'll evaluate it and see how they go, but it's certainly not a public city stunt. Are they receiving any specialised training or anything different or out of the normal? Well, they come to us with their existing operational skills training and an orientation was conducted here in terms of their tasks and duties and from here they'll go about doing their job. There's been no specific training at this point in time. It's general duties police who have a particular interest in rapid response policing and also to particularly, I guess, productive in terms of their work output. So they were chosen for this specific purpose based upon their skills base, based upon their knowledge of local policing issues on the gold past and based upon their work ethic and also to their integrity as well. In relation to something like flypies that they would be handling is there not some benefit to giving them some guidance or something?  Can we say which bike or five hours did they actually make do with which games? I'd rather not specify the particular games if that's okay, but we are certainly focusing on bikies at the moment. So it's basically, are cooks being put on notice for this new sport? Well, certainly. And also too, we'll be looking at people who will want a long return to prison rights and also to people who are absconding on bail, the more serious offenders in that regard as well. I appreciate it just to have that visibility. Do you think that that does deter a lot of things? Well, it's very important that it acts as a deterrent and also to hopefully reassure the public that the police are out there doing their job and focusing on the people that need to be focused upon. Do they have a minimum amount of experience? Well, most of them are senior constables so they could have anywhere between 7 and 15 to 20 years service. Some of them are police officers who have been in other police services elsewhere so they bring those skills with them. Some of them have had detective training but generally they've got a very sound background in operational uniform policing on the gulfast here which makes them certainly an asset to a unit like this. They responded to reports of an assault at Shugun on Saturday night. Can you tell us anything about that? Well, I don't have the specifics in relation to that. We have been conducting operations down there in relation to a number of assaults and we're getting some very good information so far in relation to those particular assaults anyway. And we've been working in association with the New South Wales Police in that particular job. In best case scenario, what can you hope that they will help to achieve? Can you give some statistics of figures of... Well, obviously I can't make any projections at this point in time but just to give you an example over the weekend there were four people arrested on five charges. A warrant was executed. Drink drivers were apprehended. 31 traffic tickets were issued. There were 160 odd street checks. That is speaking to people who were behaving in a disruptive way. They handed over drink drivers. They've apprehended a couple of property offenders and also to a reportable offender, that is an offender who's on bail. They also provided assistance to police within the divisions in relation to suicides. There were two mental health interventions. They attended three disturbances. First response to three domestic violence related incidents. There were two traffic crashes. A move on direction and a search wire as well. Probably one of the most notable things was on the 4th July when they actually detained some suspects for offences down at Broad Beach Waters and those persons were interviewed in relation to breaking of offences down there. Is this based on a certain model where increased police force has proven to bring rates down or is it something where is the initiative sprung from? Well, the initiative was sprung from within the district here and also to, you know, at a regional level and it's all part of the, I guess, the new organisational structure within the QBS to put more police back on the road. And based on It's based upon past intelligence and also to what we see as being needed in the community to address some of the key crime issues out there. It's a bit annoying that you try and do something like set up a unit like this and you've got a bit of criticism from different people on the police unit and so forth. Look, it's obviously we're going to get criticism from time to time but I guess that comes with the territory and we're doing the best we can with what we've got. We've got a message to the bikey gangs and to the people doing these offences now that we've got this new squad in place. We'll get you. I'm just thinking of something. I'd say beyond your very best behaviour and if you intend to commit crime on a girl case you certainly will be caught. And you're being watched very carefully and you're being profiled. We're building up profiles on people and we're certainly going to act against them if they're breaching the law.


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Yes. Okay. So now, for the last, for the last conference of this workshop, first we will listen to a dark and vital biological causation as teriodynamics, teriodynamics, physical work by Jose Cuenan Caravano and Susa. Something like this. Thank you. Okay. First of all, you can look at your mails that I have sent, well, they have sent a file with basically what I want to see. Okay, I can send it. So the purpose of my talk today is to present the teriodynamic as an emergent form of physical work that constitutes the proper causal regime of biological system. But behind the idea of a proper causal regime lies a specific notion of biological causation and before we start talking about the abstract logic of this theory, I would like to address this notion of biological causation. So when you talk about biological causation, even before we talk about causation, we have to understand very well what biological means. And I think there is two points of view. We can talk about biological causation in a way that biological is an adjective that really determines the causation. Or we can talk about causation in the context of biological systems. In a sense, I think that's like we're going to see biological become a superfluous notion. So causation in the context of biological systems, for me, biological has here a metaphorical meaning. There is a set of beings that are referred to be as biological and only in this sense, their causation received the same adjective. For example, when you talk about an American player or a German player or a Spanish player, the adjective that determines players don't really talk about different kinds of players, but the players in a context of context. In contrast, we can also talk about biological in what I would call an ontologically strong way as a determination of causation itself. In this sense, we assume that there is a kind of causation that is specifically biological and fundamentally distinct from other forms of causation. When you talk about soccer player or basketball player or volleyball player, these adjectives really are determining a different type or a different form of play. In this sense, biological causation as a source of causal dynamics differs fundamentally from other manifestations of causation in nature. But sure, we have a problem that is the causally closed universe. When you talk about new forms of causation, especially new form of causation that's in a specific time of the universe. It wasn't there, weren't there, so we have a hard choice to make. We can see that there is biological causation, career to biological systems, which is a little weird. Well, we could talk about biological laws, but anyway. But there isn't biological causation as a distinctive new form of causation. When you talk about biological causation as a specific kind of causation, there is a lot of other problems, but this one I used to illustrate the talk. So the possible solution that we can try is thinking of biological causation as an emerging way of physical work. We talk about causation as physical work production and we talk about biological as an emerging way of physical work. And there is the problem for this to work. We have to rethink what is physical work and we have to talk about physical work as a constrained release of energy. And we have to rethink what is emergence. Why? Because the problem with emergence is that if you stay in a myriological context, in a myriological framework, the critics of authors like Kim, in my opinion, are totally devastating for the notion of emergence. But there is a way to think about emergence, like something more in a system or something more dynamic, but as something less. Both are very hard ways of thinking. They are a little counterintuitive, but it's possible to understand with goals. Are you basically trying to present a generic theory of work and the emergence as something less? What's the problem? Both theories we can find in Deacon's book, in Complex Nature, that Victor talked earlier. And it's a really huge book. It's a really huge argument. So what I pretend to do is just take the abstract logic within the arguments of Deacon and see how that can work. Why? Because usually the most critics that Deacon has received aren't about his biochemical proposal, but about the logic within this biochemical proposal. So, physical work has contained the release of energy. The idea comes from atoms. And Kauffman utilizes atoms in Schrodinger to make what you can call an autonomous agent that is capable to do a work cycle. What is this? For Schrodinger, the special enigmatic feature of life is the capacity to avoid the rep decay in the inert state of thermodynamic equilibrium. All things that we know tend to the thermodynamic equilibrium and life in some way can avoid that. Schrodinger talks about a negative entropy or a negentropy. There is some terminology, but what Kauffman comes to say is the way to avoid the tendons of the second law of thermodynamic is making a work cycle. There is a citation for investigations, a book from Kauffman. I don't read that, but there is a scheme where we can see how a system could eventually run from the second law of thermodynamic. First, we have constraints that are required to produce physical work. At the same time that physical work is produced, these constraints are wasted. Then we know that physical work is itself able to produce new constraints. Then these additional constraints may be used to generate more physical work, which in turn could generate more constraints. If the work performer can regenerate the same set of constraints that make that work available, then we have our work cycle. From Kauffman, Deacon starts to think about work cycles and starts to think about how can we understand work. So, from Deacon's proposal, the first point to underline is his conceptualization of energy. That is to say, as a relationship between difference or asymmetries in the physical properties of concrete substrates. What does that mean? Deacon talks about energy, not like a thing in systems, but as difference between the systems and between the particles of the systems. In this view, energetic chains are redistributions of these properties. For example, heat chains can be understood as redistribution in asymmetries between vibrational intensity of particles that constitute bodies with different temperatures. So we have two bodies when they change heat. Actually, there is a body with particles with a specific vibrational intensity. Another body with other vibrational intensity difference and when they come together, they start to vibrate equally or in the same way. So, physical work can be so described as a constrained propagation of difference, since energy is difference. In a way that whatever we have a transmission of difference, there will be more or at least something analogous to it involved. What is this something analogous to it? There is a large problem in physics about with particles of a system or cannot do work, but it's not for now. So, physical work happens when the propagation of differences are constrained like the typical explosion gas. That's when the constrained explosion came with a piston. The second step from the theory of work is the relation between global level and metroscopic level. When you talk about an equilibrium thermodynamic system, we have three features. There is an spontaneous changes of absence of asymmetries. Assisting in equilibrium is all the same in all its parts. Assisting in equilibrium is totally unconstrained and have no work potential. Because there is no difference to be propagated. But if you look at the same system, at the microscopic level, we see that there is a continuous interaction between particles in a way that they are mutually constrained themselves. So, in this continuous interaction between particles, each particle undergoes changes in its properties that would not happen if they did not interact. In this sense, the propagation of differences between particles within the same system, there is a constantly mutual constraint where the states of particles are all the time non-spontaneous states. I mean, a particle in a system is being constrained in its possibility states. And the tendency is that the mutual constraint prevents the constraint interactions given rise to a prevention of multiple possible states that impose an narrow spectrum of states in which particles become totally indifferent. That means that the spontaneous tendency of second thermodynamic allowed is equal to the outcome of a probabilistic tendency of particles interactions. There is not an inner force within systems that oblige them to become in equilibrium. There is a relation between particles that, by mutual constraints, excludes a very large number of possible states and this impose a spectrum of equal particles. So, we have a spontaneous unconstructed system at global level that arises from a non-spontaneous state of constricted particles at the lower level. Then we can make some kind of scheme. In lower level L of system S, there is a spontaneous tendency of component A plus a spontaneous tendency of component B or C or D that constrains itself. This makes a non-spontaneous state in A, a non-spontaneous state in B, in C, in D, in all these particles. And then in upper level U of the same system S, the non-spontaneous states of all the particles make possible a new spontaneous tendency of S like a global system. This logic is important because what you see is that non-spontaneous interactions give a rise to spontaneous tendencies. Then we talk about emergence as something less. What I think is the most difficult part of this theory. There is a long discussion about emergence. I won't enter into that now, but despite this concept rich history, emergence, I will skip right to the organizational perspective I want to take. So, Deacon used Mark Beakhart's process philosophy and understand emergence from the conceptions of process and organizations. So, what does it mean? What does it mean that Deacon with Beakhart and other authors, they escape from the meteorological framework? When they talk about systems, they don't talk about a whole with parts. They talk about process and organizations. So, every process in Beakhart has and is defined by an organization. A process in lower dynamical level may give a rise to regularities only recognizable at a higher dynamical level. Then we can talk about a casual scale of influence. Casual influence of upper level regularities signs the causal powers of a process. It's not the process itself but its organization. Any regularity in a level once it's organized has a causal power that's founded not in the process itself but in the way that the process is organized. It means that there is a causal influence in upper level that's neither reduced nor reduced to that of the preceding one without being totally independent of it. So, what I'm saying. Particles or process in lower level they can mutual constrain themselves and give a rise to a specific spectrum of organization. That's give a rise to some regularities that's only regularities in a upper level. These regularities, not the relation, not the causal relation between particles but the regularities that emerge from the mutual constrain interaction are the new source of causal power. So, there is not that the particle calls in the hole that calls something. So, the particles together are organized to make some kind of regularity. These regularities when it's organized can be the source of new causal power but in what sense we talk about less and not about more causal power or something more in the system. So, organizations and regularities can be understood as outcomes of constraints on the process. Sometimes we think about the organization as something that is imposed on a process but we think in terms of constraints it's interesting because if a process has multiple possible pathways to go and something starts to constrain these pathways what if something starts to constrain the pathways of process development what is left is the emergence of directionality in the process. In this sense the emergence of regularities or the emergence of new organizations are not the outcome of something that comes out of the process but the way that the process constrain themselves actually emergence is less possibilities and not something more. What I think that even for a reductionist perspective this could be a little... even for a reductionist perspective this idea looks like a little more plausible. I mean, usually the problem with reductionist emergence is that it always looks like something external from the system just appear and with constraints as organization, as constraints we don't have to talk about something out of the system but only about pathways excluded that give a rise to directionality. In this sense, for production equal to organized or constrained release of energy in new forms of causation are the outcomes of a new set of constraints that is something less. In this sense, biological causation isn't an additional causation to physical causation but it is physical causation that is more and more and more constrained and to give a rise to a special kind of causation. So we have again a general scheme that two spontaneous states of a system converge in one dynamical level no spontaneous states give rise to a new spontaneous ideal per level and the new set of constraints make place to a new kind of causation. With this, we have decons, dynamical depths. Basically, we have a homodynamic work that is described as the term dynamic sitting general and this spontaneous standard is constraint elimination. Then we have morpho-dynamics that are self-organizing systems and dissipative systems and there is no simple constraint elimination but constraint propagation. And finally, we have teleodynamic systems that is what I think is an organic system and in this case, there is no constraint elimination there is not only constraint propagation but there is constraint preservation. Are you jump that? These are examples of morpho-dynamic systems they can believe that we just we can, we only can understand the biological causation we use some kinds of physical causation or thermo-dynamic causation of max entropy production to like a bridge but I will jump that and I go to teleodynamics that is what decon believe to be causal biological causation. So, there is something that decon calls hatchet effect where two different morpho-dynamic processes start to impose constraints on one another in their capacity of energy dispersion. So, dissipative systems usually are usually self undermining mechanisms there is the emergence of a local a local decrease in entropy but the system, like a whole is going fast to equilibrium state if two morpho-dynamic systems can realize work one on another to avoid or to constrain this self undermining mechanism there is a synergy between the two morpho-dynamic systems that give rise to the teodynamic systems there is an autogen that is basically the biochemical model there is two morpho-dynamic systems an autocatalysis and a self-assembly that is what I use passed by that and why we use the terminology teleo So, in a teleodynamic system the process is organized or constrained in relation to factors other than its raw materials or energy constituents the restricted integrates of the individual as a whole start to work as a legitimate beneficiary to occurrences but the beneficiary is not a thing but a dynamic form the same teleodynamics each morpho-dynamic process serves now as both end in means in a quantum terminology to one another and they are there for the benefit of the individual autogen we can claim that teleodynamics is a goal direct toward its own continuity we have a system that the way that the system constraints itself they are directed to continue to exist why is it biological? and this first because of some aspects of the system itself first there is great independence and autonomy from external constraints there is a great complexity and a significantly better utilization of a viable constraint that supports new and varied forms of activities and then with this kind of systems we have activities that's traditional have been called virtual activities like self-buff movements, feeding, reproduction and all that is founded on the constraint of the separative process in the end you can believe that our final cause a naturalized final cause is the constitutive cause that enables biological self to emerge for the first time in nature and generate a teleodynamic work with this individual as the beneficiary then there is some conclusions but with the inputs there is an end for the system he can talk about function, value and representation and for finish just for the advantages of DeComp's theory first of all the way that emergence is described it does not use emergence as a label of irreducibility but either as a physical transition in which global causal dynamics are reorganized it accepts the real existence of theological phenomena without affirming that they have always existed that is, it forces their emergence from a non-theological antecedent three, the origin of life from a particular or concrete system they talk about a general description that is applicable to any potential primitive systems and for DeComp's avoid unusual and enigmatic forces like Elan Vital or the Strangin-Pantung forces or other forces that are usually used to explain these systems Thank you for this Question, comments Thank you very much I'm still a little puzzled as to why you want to characterize emergence as something less and maybe it's just because I'm really holding on to because by definition it's something more of a thing I understand that what you want to do is say that biological comes from a limited subset of the possible internal strengths in the organization but I don't know if it's the same as saying that emergence is something less it is certainly a subset of the cases that do emerge from the physical level but the emergence phenomenon itself is something more What? The emergence phenomenon is something more Yes, there is a trick in DeComp's proposal and it's basically when he talks about something less he doesn't say that but if you read how he describes something less he talks about what in classical metaphysics is a potential passive potency So, in classical metaphysics we have, for example that the passive potency of a being in prior states are possible, are possibilities for a lot of formal causes and when it receives a specific formal cause he lost potential passive but gain potential active So, there is I think that DeComp don't have the distinction in mind DeComp is not a philosopher all his life he investigates about the brain and now he talks about semiotics and he is a little loop in his philosophical concepts but when he talks about something less I would have to ask him but I think that he only talks about something less as a directionality in causality so the emergence of causal actions are something less if understood as physical work because that's true physical work in general are less constrained than physical work in morpho-dynamic systems in dissipative systems there are more constraints and in biological systems there are more constraints so it's something less we could say that there is something less only in the thermo-dynamic constraints of the work the system is less or more but obvious looks like it's more but the way that it's produced work is more constrained what means that is less unconstrained there is less possibilities of work Thanks a lot, I think it was very very push people, did you hear me? very push people's explanation of the rendering of Terry Deacon's first part of Terry Deacon in this nature so what I was wondering what your project is what you presented in a very articulated way is essentially Deacon's account how this fits in your own project whether you are considered or planned to because there is a whole recent tradition of thinking about constraints and the idea of emergence as something less the fact that you constraint the system in a certain way and it goes back to Kaufman and more recently there is an important paper by Martel Mosto and Michael DeRio from 2015 on the journal I was just wondering how you position yourself with respect to Deacon and the more general context of people that are claiming that are defending Deacon's claim so I presented two ideas of Deacon it's his general tariff work and the emergence as something less we really want to talk about not only Deacon's first part well I would say that is the second part because before this we have the big problem that is absence causation because Deacon starts with absence causation then come to that then come to how understand the teleodynamics and development so what happened with me and Deacon is that destiny destiny I started to work on that because my test orientor Bono the professor who helped me with the thesis is a friend of Deacon and then we started to and then we saw that the big problem of Deacon isn't his biochemical description but the philosophical way that reports this biochemical for example when we talk about absence causation he utilizes some some theories about Yin and Yang that metaphysics isn't enough so the project right now is to try to give to Deacon a speculative or a metaphysical base basically is practical metaphysics is trying to make a metaphysical model that can support not his philosophy because he has not philosophy but his biochemical approach I have a very short question it's purely terminological and it's not really addressed that you I guess it's more addressed at Deacon it seems to me that he has completely changed the meaning of what physical work is and I just want to terminologically whether that's why is to take an extremely well established concept from physics and use the same word with a different meaning in a scientific context I find this an unwise strategy if he's changing, if he's introducing a new concept and it seems to have nothing to do with the physical concept of work what he's talking about then he should use a new word for it what concept? the concept of physical work but what is introduced? the way you introduced the notions of energy and work has nothing to do with their physical definitions well at least I don't see the connection in the article there is the an account of physical work as energy constraints and then I I'm sorry to interrupt it this has nothing to do with physics it's with physical it's extremely misleading here it's in this tradition you know Kauffman and the Santa Fe Institute they changed the meaning of basic physics work we can discuss with Matteo Mocio they're also in their fields and it's true that maybe they should have changed it that's all I'm saying but that's your fault no, of course not it's not the criticism of you it's the criticism of this line of research it's the study and for example if I want to compare this line with another line where I can where I can take any physics textbook but it won't help you because what is important for you it's that kind of circular system of constraint that is not in standard physics it's in all these auto-organization traditions and Santa Fe it's not in standard physics but it's inspired by Schrodinger and Kauffman was important if you want to contrast that will be interesting for you don't go to ordinary physics because ordinary physics has nothing to say about biology it goes to Prigogen so all these theories presume a certain idea of equilibrium or the biological system tampered towards equilibrium and the idea of Prigogen is that maybe their systems are never ideal equilibrium and they are interesting systems but the mathematics of Prigogen is even worse than what you are studying it's really really difficult and I don't know how it works in biology but it's not a crazy idea that biological systems are never ideal they don't even attempt maybe, I don't know I mean thermodynamic they are just very very unstable system that managed to function for a long time completely outside equilibrium which more Prigogen and it's a Belgium castle let's thank our speaker


The sounds you hear are vibrating at different frequencies, measured in hertz. These sound waves can actually influence how you feel. For example, a piece of calming music, often vibrating at lower frequencies like 432 hertz, can make you feel more relaxed and at ease. On the other hand, a high energy song with faster beats, higher frequencies, say around 10,000 hertz, might make you feel more alert and pumped up. Now, out of all existing and known frequencies, people have been arguing for a long time about which of these two sound frequencies is better for us, 432 hertz or 528 hertz. Some say 432 hertz is great because it's been used in music for ages, and it's good for our health. Others think 528 hertz is the way to go. Both sides have some strong points based on history, math, science, music, and above all, wellness.


Okay, we're back. This is Dave Vellante. This is theCUBE, siliconangle.tv's continuous coverage of IBM Edge. We're here in Orlando. This is IBM Storage Coming Out Party. And we've been talking to a lot of the executives within the storage group. But now we have a special segment. Mike Silvia is an IBM Distinguished Engineer, but he's inside the CIO office. So we're going to switch gears a little bit and talk about what a practitioner wants from infrastructure, cloud, autonomic activities and automatic automation. Mike Silvia, welcome to theCUBE. Hi, thank you. And we're here with John MacArthur. Hi, Joe. Hi, good to be here. He's a colleague and friend and John is co-hosting along with John Furrier this week.  It is, absolutely. It's a great opportunity, I think, for people like myself. I mean, I do work for IBM, but I work very similar to many of the attendees here who don't work for IBM in IT in order to provide the processing capability that they need to run their business. So a lot of the CIOs we talk to talk about transformation. Many are focused on transforming the infrastructure, many on the applications, the development of the portfolio, and many are moving toward this notion of a service catalog. IT is a service, heavy use of not only virtualization, but also bringing in kind of reusable services and menus of services. Is IBM going through a similar transformation? Yeah, absolutely. We've had standard facilities particularly for hosting, standard offerings for hosting for some time now. More recently, starting about two years ago, we began a major initiative to put in place a formal service catalog, definition of and process around an assortment of offerings that we can make available through that. It's a long journey, and we're far from complete, but it's been a very good thing for us. What's your biggest challenge with, I presume your vision is IT as a service, as many IT organizations. What's your biggest challenge with regard to fulfilling that vision? Well, I think certainly one of them is that IT is an area that's grown up more of a craft rather than as something that people use in a standard mode. And as a result of that, we find that there's a lot of cultural resistance and otherwise because that's a great idea, but start with somebody else first is very prevalent. So for us, certainly IT as a service implies that you're willing to use, consume things that are put up as a standard kind of a service. And that's a real cultural change, and I think many customers go through the very same thing. So Mike, talk about some of the cool stuff that you're doing around infrastructure management. What's exciting you these days? Well, I lead a team in IBM that provides both the strategy and then specific definition of solutions architecture for all of our infrastructure. So that would include our hosting environments, our network, our disaster recovery, certainly storage, cloud, voice services, et cetera. It's a very complex area. So they're all very interesting to us. You know, we're like anybody, we're focused on some of the big things that everybody else seems to be working on today. Those would include the cloud. Cloud is a big initiative for us that we're working on to try to both maximize our flexibility as well as to sort of control costs. Enter transition, as you said, Dave, the movement towards IT as a service. So that's certainly one of our bigger ones. Other ones are certainly around networking, voice services. Voice is an area that I think is extremely complex and in some sense one of the last frontiers where we have an opportunity to really change things in a dramatic way that really hasn't occurred in the past. And with the convergence of data and voice, there are all sorts of opportunities that are coming with that, along with all the other things around smart. Can you give us an example of something that's sort of interesting there for you? Yeah, I mean the fact that you can now easily use almost any device, you know, whether it's a PC or smartphone, whatever, as a phone as well. I mean, a smartphone, you would expect it to do that. But I could use the data side of a smartphone and use the soft phone capability that I might produce for that and not even use the analog part. And in many cases, I can save a heck of a lot of money. Think for example of the IBMer who might be traveling to another location, another country, and first off, having to figure out how do I even make a phone call, right? How do I make a phone call to get into that conference call that you could be on or something like that? You know, and it's very different in every country and how do I do it with my phone? And then of course, one of the last things, understandably, they'll look at is, how do I do that optimally from a cost standpoint? They just want to make the call, which is perfectly understandable. If they pick the wrong one from a cost standpoint, it could be extremely costly. And does security play a role in that as well? Well, it can, it certainly can. So one of the things we're trying to do though is to produce a one phone service that builds on all of these technologies, soft phone and other things. So it might integrate Skype and Google Voice and all those kinds of things. And my landline and my cellular into one sort of converged communications. And that would provide an easier use model for IBMers to consume, but it would also provide us an ability to help control costs in that environment. So looking for it, it's very complex. So I'd love to talk about to practitioners within a large organization, technology company like IBM about what we sometimes call the dog fooding segment, right? Although we were at SAP Sapphire a couple of weeks ago and Oliver Busman, the CIO of SAP said, well, SAP were kind of a European company.  So talk about some of the things that you might be doing that are either in concert with the storage group. How do you act as a surrogate for the customer, proxy for the customer? Are you sort of an advanced testing team? Do you go into beta? Or what's the relationship there? And what are some of the things that you're doing with the technologies that are coming out of this group? Well, first off, first and foremost, we are a production shop. And so we're in business to run the IT that runs the corporation. But at the same time, we're always looking for opportunities to showcase. And for the most part, we almost entirely use IBM products and services and services actually. So we actually use our global business services, global technology services, their offerings to come in and do consulting as they do for any other customer. So we're very big on that. And in the storage space, we're particularly big. We use entirely across the board, IBM storage products like their DS8000, and more recently the XIV and V7000 from a hardware standpoint. We're very big on all the Tivoli Suite software that does all the storage management aspects. One of the things I'm gonna talk about later in the main tent is a smart tiering capability that is actually being announced as a part of the Tivoli product line today, beginning to be announced as target. And to your point, we do occasionally become the guinea pig that actually ends up producing things that end up in product. We took some existing storage products, both from a software and hardware standpoint, combined those with our colleagues in IBM research, who built us some assets to do the smart part of that, to organize the automated tiering parts. And that's what's actually ending up in product in us today. So system-managed storage has been around since IBM invented it in the... And I'm sad to say it was been around long enough to have seen it too. Right, so how is this different? How is this, is this better, what's the focus? It's sort of similar to that, although this doesn't include the archiving portion that you're thinking about there. What is different about this, it's a little more dynamic, in the sense that it's looking constantly for what the utilization patterns are of data against some set policies that we have and moving volumes of data up and down a blended hierarchy based on a profile of cost and performance. So it'll look at data and it'll say, at this utilization level, that should be on this tier with this cost and performance profile, et cetera. Some have argued that that sort of capabilities are really important for cloud-based storage. So one of the problems with cloud-based storage offerings today is they tend to be capacity-based pricing. That necessarily performance, not necessarily availability, quality of service, but it's like, I need X number of gigabytes. Do you see an opportunity for IBM longer term to sort of actually get into those opportunities or is that left to the start-ups? I think that it will. I mean, we're currently implementing it internally with a blended price. So we've determined one of the things of software that we have. You sell as a blended price, not a quality of service. We're using it, consuming it internally at a blended price from our own provider. The other part of the IBM corporation that does delivery. But we've actually used that in determining what's an appropriate mix and they've given us a blended price for that. Now, we love it because it has cut our price with bite in half. We've gone from what we used to be considerably more expensive. That's going to help us mitigate what we are already experiencing like most users, exploding growth. Do you guys do chargebacks or showbacks? We do chargebacks internally. We do at a pretty granular level. Yes. Okay, so you're operating from that standpoint as a service. Absolutely. Everybody says they want to get to IT as a service and I say, do you do chargebacks? Only about 15% of the people we talk to actually do chargebacks. That's a business model that you've been doing. Now, how about consuming on a pay-as-you-go basis as a practitioner? How advantageous is that to you? I guess it depends on your economic model whether or not your CFO wants you to do shift-cap-ex to op-ex, but can you talk about that a little bit from a practitioner's point of view? How alluring is paid by the drink? Well, I think from a practitioner's point of view, it's very alluring. Whether it makes sense over the long term, I think it may vary. Because renting is more expensive than buying. Because renting can be more expensive than buying, right? I mean, we've all faced those things in our daily lives that we make those decisions. There are times when you take the cab and there are times when you buy a car. And it's going to depend. The answer, if it's a long-term need I have, I might be better off just to do it in the traditional way. If it's something that I'm going to have certainly a spiky or an occasional or just one time, then I'm much better off to do the pay-by-the-drink. Practitioner may not think about that whole equation. So IBM offers actually, I think it's got an object storage service where you can pay by the drink. Do you actually consume that service if you know what it's going to cost? We do in a small part of our application portfolio. For the most part, we use a lot of it in a traditional sense for our production work because that's all pretty standard traditional hosting at this point. What are you guys doing in the area of, and I know you're focused more on the infrastructure, but talk about big data and the implications that has from an infrastructure practitioner standpoint. Yeah, so in terms of the analytic capability, we have a gigantic sort of a software as a service cloud that we built internally called Blue Insight used by some 200 plus thousand IBMers. It's enabled us to provide a very handy single sort of place to go for an analytic capability against over a petabyte of federated data around the corporation. So that I think is a good example of the sort of thing that we've both used some other IBM product to produce that but also as an analytic capability. It's also enabled us to reduce our dependence on a lot of one-off applications that were built to both maintain and provide access and analytic capability against a bunch of data. So that's a self-service capability? It is a self-service. And is that the trade off between sort of data mart and data warehouse? Yeah, absolutely. Thanks, so you're actually creating a data warehouse that can be accessible like a data mart, almost. Right, yes. Very business unit focus. All right, we're out of time here. Mike Silvia, that was fantastic. We really appreciate the buyer's perspective. Mike Silvia, Inside IBM CIO office. This is theCUBE and we're at IBM Edge. We'll be right back after this work.


How something spreads across a network is a key question we'll be interested in asking when analyzing many different types of networks. The classical example of this being the diffusion of some disease through a population, but we might be talking about how the loss of one species in an ecosystem has an effect on others or the spread of some information within a group of people. More formally, we call this spreading on a network propagation or diffusion. How diffusion happens and how long it takes is defined by a number of different parameters. We'll just list the primary factors involved here before looking at them individually. Firstly, we have some infectiousness metric where we're talking about how infectious is the phenomena that is spreading on the network. A corollary to this is asking how resistant are the nodes to this contagion, giving us a resistance parameter. Next, we need to consider the topology to the network. Obviously, this diffusion is taking place along the connections within the network, meaning different structures to the connections and different degree distributions will be another defining factor when considering diffusion. Lastly, we need to consider if this diffusion is taking place strategically or randomly. And this ties back to topology because as we've already discussed, some network topologies are more susceptible to strategic influence than others. So firstly, to discuss infectiousness. By infectiousness, we mean something that is likely to spread or influence others in a rapid manner, irrespective of the type of network that it is spreading on. If you hear about some important piece of news, you feel driven to tell others and that is infectiousness. It is like an outward force that is pushing the phenomena across local connections and out over the network. We may be able to quantify this in terms of money or how contagious the disease is or a number of other metrics, but we also need to ask how many nodes a given node can infect within any given time interval. A mosquito can only bite one other creature at a time, but a person can broadcast a message to possibly millions of other people at any given instant, thus enabling a much more rapid contagion rate. Inversely, we need to think about how resistant the nodes in the network are to the spreading of this phenomena. Imagine trying to promote gay marriage in some conservative rural community. No matter how infectious your campaign might be, it is unlikely to take off, and this is due not to your failures, but to the resistance of the other nodes in the network to this particular phenomena. We might also add time to our model here, capturing how nodes may be infected for only a brief period of time before recovery, as would be the case with the spreading of many diseases or some trend in fashion. Next, we need to look at the topology of the network to understand how something is likely to spread across it. The primary factor here being simply the overall degree of connectivity to the network. Obviously, the more connected it is, the faster something should spread across it, but also we would need to look at the average shortest path length to get an idea of how many edges a phenomena would have to traverse in order to affect the whole system. We also need to analyse the degree distribution to understand how centralised the network is, as centralised networks with major hubs can enable rapid local and global diffusion. For example, modern broadcast media has arisen hand in hand with the modern nation state, as it is only through these centralised hubs that uniform information can rapidly disseminate to a large population, and thus a key component in creating a sense of national culture and cohesion. Without these centralised hubs, diffusion can be a lot slower and become heterogeneous as it spreads out. We also need to ask whether this dissemination is random or strategic. That is, whether there is some logic behind the promotion and dissemination aimed at strategically affecting nodes that have a high degree of connectivity and thus enabling a more rapid diffusion. Many forms of diffusion can be modelled as random. A virus has no logic telling it to attack creatures that have lots of physical contact with others. We might say the same at financial contagion. Toxic assets don't themselves choose where to end up in the network and which nodes to affect. These are factors that are defined by other dynamics. But some diffusion processes are strategic. For example, military strategy is often specifically designed to attack a critical node in an opposition's military or infrastructure network. In the hope that this shock to a critical node will then propagate to its dependent nodes and thus have a greater effect than simply choosing to attack any node at random. Lastly, we'll just touch upon the topic of complex contagion. The simple contagion model we've been describing so far is essentially binary, meaning either a node is affected or not. And within this model, all that matters is whether one other node affects it or not. Complex contagion, in contrary, is the process in which multiple sources of exposure to a phenomena are required before an individual adopts that change in state. An example of this might be the adoption of some new technology or innovation, which is costly, especially for early adopters, but less so for those who wait. We can then model this as a form of complex contagion, asking how many nodes need to adopt the innovation before a given node will do likewise. There might also be two competing events propagating across the network. An example of this might be trying to model how an individual will vote for two different candidates in an election based upon the social network they're part of. We could then define some variable as to how many of the nodes' neighbors need to vote for a particular party before they would also cast their vote for that party. These complex models have many interacting parts, thus there will be tipping points as a node will not do anything until a threshold value is met. And there is feedback as when the node changes its state, it will affect the choice of others around it. All of this means that this more complex form of contagion is non-linear, with the possibility of exponential cascades forming. We've only just begun to touch upon the most salient metrics affecting network diffusion. Real world diffusion across something like a social network is a complex process that may require multiplex models, that is, allowing our model to have multiple different connections between the nodes. In order to capture how different types of connections and networks interact to enable or resist the diffusion of some phenomena. So within our voting example, we might have to take into account economic factors and relations in order to capture the true dynamics at play. But this is beyond the scope of this course. So we'll wrap up here and move on to talk about the closely related subject of network robustness in the next module.


Thank you madam Kirk would you please call the roll absolutely good afternoon. Mr. Brennan Mr. Rickerman here Mr. McDowell Yes, mr. Govall here Mr. Vines here Mr. Davis yeah Mayor Benjamin President thank you ma'am Right now. Would you give us a word, bro? Yes Gracious and eternal God for all that you've done for us today this Bright and sunny day in the midst of all of the rain We simply say thank you As we usher in as Wednesday We pray that your guiding presence these next 40 days Might be among each of us Allow us to sense your presence and Of course allow us to understand what it means To be in a season of self-denial Lord we ask it in your name Thank you so much Zero Any amendments agenda message of all mr. Mayor I'd like to make a motion that we amend the agenda by withdrawing items one and items two and That we amend items 17 which is receipt of legal advice Related to matters covered by a 20 client privilege pursuant to Seco 30-4 a 78 to add the additional item use of public spaces and parks Second Second discussion with a previous question part carl Mr. Vernon There was a man. Hi Mr. MacBowell. Yes, Mr. Duvall. Hi Mr. I Mr. Davis. Hi You're Benjamin. Hi. Thank you You're Benjamin and counsel before we proceed with the approval of the minutes. I wanted to Make sure that you all were aware and members of our community that we unexpectedly lost a very faithful member of our team on this Mary Grace Thurman Within the last week She has been a parts at parts and recreation Coordinator at Hyatt Park for an entire time working for the city for the almost over seven years And so a wonderful spirit a beautiful lady my friend I'm friend to many in the North Columbia community Ms. Mary Grace Thurman just I Don't I don't have words to talk about how wonderful she's been to so many children and People in that community, but particularly always that smiling face and helpful spirit at Hyatt So Ms. Thurman was recognized by Mr. Davis and Mr. Vine with a Proclamation for Mary Grace Thurman day and her family so appreciates it and I just wanted to just take this moment to For all of us to remember her and appreciate all she's done for our city family And that's Miss Mary Grace Thurman right there. I miss her very much bless her and her her family It's always tough lose a friend and member of our team and thank you seven to me For taking the time to to reflect the sentiments of the entire city and the team mr. Thank you, Tracy. Thank you mayor With that we are moving forward We're at the approval of the minutes correct mayor for 2021 Moving second discussion with a previous question for Hi Do you have any comments leading into our normal COVID-19 situation report by director tinsley we can take this at this time Sure, I want to dive into that rev Harry. We're all seeing some encouraged data Across the country need across the globe or deceleration number of cases I've still seen some troubling data as it relates to fatalities But we're also seeing a troubling rise to the variants of the virus and even some data that suggests that Just in a few months that that some of the very various variants and couldn't be 119 might indeed be the dominant a form of Coronavirus in this country by spring. I say all that to say that While the data we're watching is encouraging Let's let's treat this as if we're in the eye of the storm There are still some difficult days ahead and it's important that we remain steadfast and focus on the on the very deliberate intentional approach that we've We've had Thank you, Teresa and the whole team for leadership. Thank you to my colleagues for our policy making leadership and I'll defer to director tinsley There's always solid report Good afternoon. Can you hear me? Yeah, sure. Okay. Yeah Okay, thank you, mr. Mayor members of council and madam city manager. I'm just some updated numbers here will be brief As we spoke last time now worldwide case of COVID-19 globally is Approaching over 109 million With over to 2.4 million deaths globally due to COVID-19 The latest CDC numbers for the US show us over 27 million Confirmed cases with unfortunately 480 plus a thousand deaths as of the 14th of February report out Here in South Carolina our case count stands at 427,763 the last report new numbers who will post here shortly There have been over five five point five million tests to date The latest new case count is down as we are trending down as the mayor said The latest report out was one thousand one hundred nine new cases daily as of yesterday's report The positivity test rate is six point five percent There were 31 new confirmed deaths. So it springs to total to seven thousand 180 For our state here in richland county our case count stands at 34,499 We had an additional 99 new cases as of the last reporting period of note Over the last 14 day report period. We had 2,390 cases In richland county that's through january 31st through the 13th of february So our average daily case count for richland county is is at 170 That's down from over 200 270 I think at our last our last meeting and the depth count For richland county it stands at 431 confirm a death due to covid But that 14 day reporting period the highest zip code continues to be 29229 It's down from 413 cases the last report out. It's now 258 So we are seeing a continued downward trend, which is encouraging Richland county's 14 day recent disease activity internet rate Has now been downgraded from high to medium As several other of our Counties in our state have as well. If you'll know that our last report out all 46 counties. We're at a high rate So we are now in medium for richland county. That's uh stands at 520 0.5 cases per 100,000 with a 6.5 positivity rate and at our last Session that was at 807 5.5 with a 23.9 percent positivity rate As of the 13th of february the estimated state recovery rate is 89.4 percent The case fatality rate is estimated at 1.65 percent And that continues to to be at that trend a daily case counts as mayor said continue to Trend down in our state that that decline is anticipated, but you know with with the variants that are out there and What is expected? We're hoping we'll stay on this downward trend For the next few weeks at least As far as hospitalizations They do still remain high, but there is sufficient bed space The utilization rate is down over the last couple of days. It's now at 76.19 percent And the icu bed utilization rate is at 73.63 percent And as of the last reporting there were 1,222 patients currently hospitalized And 301 of those are in icu and 173 are on ventilators Uh, VHAC here in our state continues to receive vaccine distributions. The last report out as of the 13th of february or 677 thousand 674 total doses with 512,814 people having been vaccinated in south carillon In richland county 69,117 people have been vaccinated and opinion questions that concludes my report. Thank you Mr. Duvall Harry a week or 10 days ago VHAC changed their method of calculating the positivity rate Could you explain the math on that? They were trying to match what cdc used i believe Yes, sir. I think some of that is uh cdc I it's um They're they're the way they calculated that the percent positive was what they call test over test and The test over into this was excuse me and then the change was to test over test and dhack has changed according to To my understanding there. They've changed their Testing to to reflect the cdc. So the data that is looked at For the entire us is more in line with the cdc And I'm assuming that may be because of the administrative change and administration Um, but now it is a test is counted as a test before it was if you were You know, some people are tested multiple times and tested positive for multiple times. It was based on individual It is a little confusing. I'm still trying to get my head around it, but uh Right now it is Test over test. So each individual test is counted Okay, thank you Is recommended I just wanted to follow up on howards question So the numbers that I've been getting They adjusted it the new system because when I tried to look at it to try to figure it out It didn't look like we they had changed the previous numbers. And so I didn't know if the calculation Because that's important for us to know especially when it comes to the positivity rate As a group so I just was curious about that because I I'm following the math especially trying to read The why they changed it Yes, sir That is my understanding the uh previous calculation As stated that they were going to go back and adjust the the data I'm not a hundred percent that they've actually done that yet. I haven't seen it either But according to the last uh the report out when that this was made to change There was a note in the documentation that said dx website would be updated to show historically what The percent positive based on the new calculation. So we'll continue to have to look at that Thanks, Harry Yes, sir You have the questions there All right, thank you for everything. All right there of course constantly enforcing the mass ordinance as it's currently Has been approved and I just wanted to make clear because I know that there are ongoing discussions about the mass ordinance But none of those Um discussions will take place today. So just in case anyone had tuned in Looking for that. Um, that won't occur today. Thank you and and you had some questions from the press as well Uh, we already authorized reauthorized the mass ordinance, but it has been extended So uh, I'm wondering what thinking that that the ordinance as currently drafted enforce Um, will lapse. Uh, it's still uh in effect and will be enforced In the city Yes, sir So we will move right along to our consumer agenda items five through 11 mere Benjamin. All right. Is there a motion? I'll move So second second Any discussion? Question per color all Mr. Vernon Yes Mr. Rickerman Hi Mr. McBowell Yes Mr. Duvall Hi Mr. Vine Hi Mr. Davis Hi Sarah Benjamin Hi Thank you Ordinance first reading item 12 ordinance number 2000 21 009 granting an encroachment to guest in place LLC for use of the right of way areas of the 1200 block So move The second second In discussion With a previous question per color all Mr. Vernon Yes Mr. Rickerman Hi Mr. Vowell Yes Mr. Duvall Hi Mr. Vine Hi Mr. Davis Hi Mayor Benjamin Hi Resolutions item 13 resolution number 2000 0 0 6 Authorizing construction and improvements by the south carolina department of transportation of interstate 20 and associated ramps For the carolina crossroads faced to bright river road at i20 interchange design bill project Emotion Move Move Seconded In discussion I just have a question. Um, do we have a time frame of the project? I had a couple constituents reach out and ask about what the time frame was and I could not locate it in documents Maybe I missed it Is any staff person know what the time frame is on this project? Ever Yeah, I was going to say something similar but I didn't I was going to get it man Not forever Uh, um, let's let's let's we've gone to copious, uh, the documents, uh carolina crossroads is going to be a Um, a lot 10 years Missy if someone has that let's let's see but probably 10 years Well dana and clen are on I think they may know but this is the phase two to just If you can't phase one come on your agenda now there. This is all the preliminary. So we're not even at Russian Well, we Well, we can we just maybe just request that once we get A time frame from dot that we posted on our website so the constituents can get it easily Certainly. Yes, sir. Well, thank you I Don't Resolution number 2000 Authorizing the city manager to execute a fifth amendment to lease agreement between the city of colombia and hamilton capital center llc lease of approximately 2,524 square feet in the capital center known as suite 250 at 1201 main street our Is there a motion I move approval second discussion I would only suggest that we make sure that we understand what our outs are On it so that if the city manager wants to move economic development to the 1401 main that she has that ability Yes, sir. We are certainly moving in that direction as we get additional spaces opening up in 1401 main And uh, previously discussed Anticipated so yeah, thank you Um with a previous question for carl Mr. Vernon Yes, mr. Recommend. Hi Mr. Mcdowell. Yes Mr. Duvall. Hi Mr. Vines. Hi Mr. Davis. Hi Mayor Benjamin. Hi item 15 resolution number 20201010 authorizing the acquisition of lexton county tms number<PHONE_NUMBER>8 Approximately 6.47 acres identified as two buffer parcels located south of bower parkway for the upper kenley creek sanitary sewer improvements motions Move to approve Yes, second second Any discussion move question for carl Mr. Vernon. Yes, mr. Recommend. Hi Mr. Mcdowell. Yes Mr. Duvall. Hi Mr. Vines. Hi Mr. Davis. Hi Mayor Benjamin. Hi, ma'am. Thank you Mayor Benjamin at this point we would ask For you to open up a public input for the closing and transfer Of an unopened 0.39 acre portion of lyon street adjacent to richland county All right We uh, ma'am first we have any uh, wanting to sign up Speak on this matter No fair Okay We will not be acting on on this. There's no action necessary On the matter if uh, if we have no one to sign up for public input, uh, then we'll go ahead and Uh, move on the agenda I'm to the manager. Yes, sir. Thank you, Mayor Benjamin. And at this point A period of committee referrals and reports All right, any reports or referrals to committee to mayor Yes, sir. Mr. McDowell The administrative policy committee will meet on the 20th For the renaming of the park The 25th at two o'clock Thank you. Thank you. Mr. McDowell All right Ma'am clerk, do we have anyone who signed up for public input? Mr. Duvall Mr. Mayor, I move we're going to executive session for receipt of legal advice related to matters covered by attorney client privilege Pursuant to 30-4-78-2 COVID-19 ordinance number 2021-012 An emergency ordinance extending an amended certain emergency ordinances public art closing and transfer of an open 0.39-acre portion of lion street climate protection and action committee city center partnership and parks and public spaces and parks Uh, discussion of negotiations in a proposed contractual arrange pursuant to 30-4-78-2 Adventure columbia housing authority receipt of legal advice relating to a pending threat in a political a potential claim Person who 30 days 4-78-2 Richmond county versus city of columbia Is that second Discussion with approved discussion card color all Mr. Brennan Yes Mr. Recommends Mr. McDowell Yes Mr. Duvall Hi Mr. Vine Hi Mr. Davis Hi Mayor Benjamin Hi, ma'am. Thank you