Myself Dr. Nitin Gramopadhyay working as assistant professor in Department of Humanities and Sciences. Today we are going to learn the topic lubricant and one of the beat from that topic that is types of lubricants. This is the learning outcome for today's session. At the end of this session students will be able to describe different types of lubricants. This is the content for today's session. We will learn the different types of lubricants such as solid lubricant, liquid lubricant and semi-solid lubricant. Now first we will start with the solid lubricant. Solid lubricants are used where it is not possible to form and maintain a film of liquid lubricant due to the operating conditions of the machine. If there is a possibility of contamination of a material with lubricant, if the operating temperature or load is too high. So these are the probable conditions of the machine where the solid lubricants are best such as when it is not possible to form a film of liquid lubricant due to operating conditions of the machine. When there is a question of contamination of a material with lubricant and the operating conditions are too extreme. The two most usual solid lubricants used are graphite and molybdenum disulphite. Graphite consists of layers of flat plates which are held together by only weak bonds. Consequently the parallel layers slide over one another easily. Usually some organic substances are mixed with solid lubricants so that they may stick firmly to the metal surface. Graphite is most widely used of all solid lubricants. It is very soapy in nature. It is non-inflammable and not oxidized in air below 375 degree centigrade. So graphite is a best solid lubricant. When graphite is dispersed in oil, it is called as oil dag and when it is dispersed in water it is called as the aqua dag. So it is the one method of using graphite as a lubricant. Sometimes graphite is directly used as a solid material but somewhere if it is not possible to use graphite as a solid material it is a practice to convert graphite into slurry either by adding little quantity of oil or the little quantity of water. When a graphite is mixed with little quantity of oil the mixture is called as the oil dag and when it is mixed with little quantity of water it is known as the aqua dag. So oil dag is found particularly useful in internal combustion engines because it forms a film between the piston rings and the cylinder and gives a tight fit contact thereby increasing compression. On the other hand oil dag is useful where a lubricant free from oil is needed. Example the foodstuff industry also graphite is mixed with greases to form graphite based greases which are used at still higher temperatures. This is the second example of the solid lubricant that is molybdenum disulfide. Molybdenum disulfide has a sandwich like structure in which a layer of molybdenum atoms lies between two layers of sulfur atoms. The poor inter laminar attraction is responsible for low shear strain in direction parallel to the layers and is stable in air up to 400 degree centigrade. It is also used along with solvents and in greases. Besides graphite and molybdenum disulfide other substances like soapstone, talc, mica, etcetera are also used as the solid lubricants. So this is the structure of graphite and this is the structure of the molybdenum disulfide where graphite exists in a multilayered structure with a weak bonds and during the operation these slides over each other and it gives flexibility to use such a solid material as lubricant. So here in case of molybdenum disulfide the atom of molybdenum is linked with the sulfur the alternative layers are there. So these are the two structures of one is graphite and one is molybdenum disulfide. So this is one more variety of lubricant that is called as the synthetic lubricant. Petroleum based lubricants can be used under abnormal conditions like extremely high temperature, chemically reactive atmosphere, etcetera by employing certain specific additives. However, synthetic lubricants have been developed which alone can meet the most drastic and severe conditions such as those existing in aircraft engines in which the same lubricant may have to use in temperature range of minus 50 to plus 250 degree centigrade. So synthetic lubricants are used in a machine which operates at the extreme conditions of temperature, speed, load, etcetera. So this is the one example of aircraft engine where the engine shows the temperature range lowest minus 50 and the plus 250 degree centigrade. So synthetic lubricants serves even in such conditions to the machine. Synthetic lubricants possesses the following distinguishing characteristics such as non-inflammable, high flash points, high thermal stability, high viscosity index, chemical stability. The important synthetic lubricants are polymerized hydrocarbons, polyglycols, etcetera. Now this is one more very important type of lubricant known as liquid lubricant and one of the example of liquid lubricant is animal and vegetable oils. The vegetable and animal oils were the most commonly used liquid lubricants before the modern industrialization. Animal and vegetable oil possesses good oiliness and viscosity property. However, animal and vegetable oils are costly, undergo oxidation and get thickened on coming in contact with moist air or aqueous medium. So they are rarely used as such. They are used with blending agent with other lubricating oils. This is the second example of liquid lubricant which is known as mineral or petroleum oil. These oils are obtained by distillation of crude oil. The shorter chain oils have lower viscosity than the longer chain hydrocarbons. These are most widely used lubricants because they possess the properties like low in cost available in large scale and quite stable under service conditions. So mineral oils, petroleum oils are quite stable over the wide range of the operating conditions whereas if you compare mineral oils with the animal oil and vegetable oil, they are good in viscosity, oiliness, but they possess very poor resistance to the extreme operating conditions. However, they possess poor oiliness as compared to that of animal and vegetable oils. The oiliness of petroleum oils can be increased by addition of high molecular weight compounds like olec acid, steric acid etcetera. Now, here I would like to ask you one question. Animal and vegetable oils are option A, good in viscosity, option B, good in thermal stability, option C, good in corrosion resistance and option D, all of these. Think for a moment and the correct answer is option A that is animal and vegetable oils are good in viscosity. Now, this is also one of the example of liquid lubricant which is known as blended oils. Till now, we have learnt animal oil, petroleum oil, these are the natural we are taking from the nature, but they possess certain drawbacks and therefore, not a single oil serves as the most satisfactory lubricant for many of the modern machineries. Typical properties of petroleum oils are improved by incorporating specific additives. These so called blended oils give desired lubricating properties required for a particular machine. The following additives are employed to improve quality of the liquid lubricant such as oiliness improvers, extreme pressure additives, power point depressing additives, viscosity index improvers, polymeric thickeners, antioxidants or inhibitors, corrosion preventers and anti foaming agents. So, generally animal oil, vegetable oil or petroleum oils are best blended with the help of these agents to give the best mixture which is known as the blended oils. Then, one more type of the lubricant is semi-solid lubricants, greases are prepared by saponification of fat with alkali like lime, caustic soda, etc. followed by adding hot lubricating oil under agitation. The total amount of mineral oil added determines the consistency of the finished greases. Greases have higher shear or fractional resistance than oils and therefore, can support much heavier loads at lower speeds. They also require as much attention unlike the lubricating liquids, but greases have a tendency to separate in to oil science soaps. Greases that is known as semi-solid lubricants are used in situation where oil cannot remain in place due to high load, low speed, sudden jerks, etc. For example, rail access in bearing gears and gears that work at high temperatures. In situation where bearing needs to be sealed against dust, dirt or moisture because greases are less liable to contamination, greases if used do not flash or drip over article being prepared by the machine. So, these are the conditions where greases that is semi-solid lubricants are best. So, all these material I have prepared by using a textbook of engineering chemistry written by Jane and Jane. Thank you.


What is going on everybody is Stas here welcome back to another video so in this video We're gonna be doing another market update taking a look at the Dow Jones the S&P 500 and the Nasdaq We're gonna be talking about two trades and I made today on the 4th of April in 2019 as well as taking a look at Tesla and whether or not I'm looking to swing traded that I already buy shares We're gonna be talking about that in today's video as well as taking a look at some other stocks and ETFs that I'm personally watching Here in the month of April in 2019 but before we do get into all of these topics guys all I ask from you if you enjoy this video if you find value in Any of the content that I produce on YouTube is feel free to go down below and hit that like button It really supports me and supports the channel in general And if you're new to the channel, I have two links down below one of them being the discord group chat and the other one being the Facebook group both of those are 100% free of charge and I guarantee you guys you'll find value in those platforms if you go down below and join them So without further ado, let's talk about what ended up happening today on the 4th of April in the overall stock market here Starting off with the SPX the S&P 500 index the 500 largest publicly traded US companies we ended up closing the day up 599 nearly six dollars on this index up about point two per cent The Dow Jones actually had a very strong day today up point six four percent up $166.50 at the close and the NASDAQ composite here guys It's down about nineteen dollars and fifty cents right now down about point two six percent But remember this is the future so if we go in here a little bit closer We can see exactly where we ended up closing at about four o'clock and it is roughly around this range So we can say we ended up closing the day read about point two percent in the NASDAQ So in terms of the S&P and the NASDAQ it really wasn't a crazy day, right? Well, you know mostly a consolidation day for these two major Indexes and if we hop over here to get a better understanding of the S&P some supports Resistances and the technicals, you know, we've been talking about how This 2860 old resistance has been acting as a new support If you guys watch my videos from earlier this week literally on Monday and Tuesday I was talking about how since we pushed up to a higher high in the SPX There was a high likelihood that we were going to consolidate at some point this week, right? And if we hop over here to the five-day five-minute chart we can see guys pretty much We've been consolidating really since the second of April which was on Tuesday, right? We consolidated we popped up here, but really we pushed back down and Consolidated a bit at that same support we pushed up today And then we ended up testing that same level again and pretty much consolidated around the same area of about 2870 to 2880 and really my theory for Monday and Tuesday has been playing out And really why I talked about that earlier this week and why I thought about hey We might consolidate this week is because every single time just take a look at these technicals here guys every single time That we pushed to a higher high in the S&P 500 over the past couple of months really we've peaked Consolidated for a little bit and we either a popped up to a new level to a new high or B We ended up pulling back a bit and seeing it to three four percent Retracement in the index right and this is nothing different. We popped up. We broke to a higher high We were maintaining that level here at 2860 as a new support and we've been seeing some Consolidation so for tomorrow and for next week what I'm really gonna be watching for is are we going to continue this? Consolidation are we going to potentially start to pull back and see that two three four percent? Retracement or are we going to level up to the next higher high in terms of the S&P? 500 so that is what I'm watching here guys very simple again Nothing much to touch on because the technicals have really been the same for this entire week So I don't want to spend too much time on you know saying this because it's like beating a dead horse, right? It's like me repeating myself, you know over and over again, but the Dow Jones here We actually broke a very critical resistance that we've been talking about and that level is that $26,200 so take a night take a look at this guys, right? 26,200 resistance back in the beginning of November 2018 We topped off at the same spot towards the end of February in 2019 about a month and a month and some change ago and the past couple of days and told today We've been really seeing resistance and consolidating right under that resistance the same spot at 26,200 but today we had that very strong green day Finally pushing us out of that level and it's looking like we're testing an old support now from back in September of 2018 which is the next resistance We need to break out of before we slowly start to potentially test, you know These high levels of nearly $27,000 which just happens to be an all-time high in the Dow Jones So for tomorrow guys, you know very simple, right? Are we gonna pull back and maybe maintain? 26,200 as a new support. Are we gonna break this level? We're really in a tight little horizontal gap right here If I zoom in really it's from 26,200 up to 26,400 so that's a very tight window and Really tomorrow we're gonna see what direction we want to head in whether or not we break out of this resistance We pull back down to test the support These are things that I'm gonna be watching for to determine the direction of the Dow Jones industrial average so Hopping back over here to the NASDAQ composite guys We are looking like we're testing and maintaining the new support at around 7,500 although we did see this pullback and yesterday I think it was yesterday or the day before I was talking about how I want to see the NASDAQ really pull back and test the Support which was a new or older resistance at 7,500 and that's what it's looking like is happening Right and the thing that I'm actually noticing here on the NASDAQ guys is since we popped up to about 7,600 a couple of days ago the RSI was extremely overbought right it was at about 80 and for those of you guys that don't know if an RSI is at 80 that means it's extremely Extremely overbought but since we've pulled back a hundred points or a fifty sixty points whatever it is You know the RSI has pulled back to a healthy range really to about 57 to 60 Which is a little bit overbought still but it's more healthy It's a healthier range than the 80 range and this is telling me you know based off an RSI standpoint that okay, maybe since this we pulled back here We're maintaining the support the RSI pulled back again We're seeing a green bar here towards the close of the market on the 184 hour chart Or really not towards the close of the market today really over. Let's say the past day You know this could end up pushing back up tomorrow, so just keep an eye on that and of course We're getting close to those all-time highs guys. I'll say the next resistance is at about 7,600 7,630 ish we can see a double top here back in the month of September on the NASDAQ And if I drag that out a bit we can see that just happens to be roughly where we got topped off a couple of days ago So it seems like we are in this little horizontal pattern here on the NASDAQ So just keep an eye on those levels and another thing to mention here in terms of the RSI guys is the S&P You know and the Dow Jones They are both pretty overbought on they on their RSI level So does that mean that a pullback is 100% going to come? No, it doesn't mean that right because we've talked about how the RSI Don't just use one in what's it called indicator to make your decisions, right? You have to use a couple in Unison but if we're just taking a look at the RSI, hey, maybe we might see a pullback here just off the RSI But again, you know you got to use a couple in unison with some fundamental analysis and take a look at the whole picture Right, you don't want to just base your decision on one thing You know that the RSI, you know the MACD even though the MACD is not here. You guys understand what I'm saying, right? So let's just talk about What I ended up doing today in terms of my trading so the first ETF I traded was a gold based ETF and we saw JNug Which is actually what I traded went absolutely off the walls today And we saw a reversal that I was honestly not expecting right and for those of you guys at don't know JNug is actually a bull ETF that trades based upon the gold Futures whenever gold's going up JNug is going up as well, right? And we saw JNug over the past couple of days really we've been consolidating around this $9 support level and this morning We took a pretty big dip down to about 870 We gapped down from about 920 at the close yesterday down all the way to about 870 So that's a 50 cent move which in an under $10 stock or an ETF guys That's a pretty sizable move right 50 cents in a in a $9 in $8 ETF That's a sizable move. So we gapped down pretty heavily and Honestly at this point in time guys, I wasn't watching JNug at all if you guys watched my video this morning I was actually talking about JDST because gold was actually at about 1288 something like that But then gold went on this insane pushback, which helped JNug go absolutely crazy and actually set on alert Thankful, thankfully I set an alert on JNug at about nine dollars I wanted to be alerted if we were to get a reversal to the upside on JNug And that's actually how I caught this aggressive move that we saw right And if we just hop over here to gold very quickly so we can see the big move that we did see You know take a look at this guys It's a typical, you know big sell-off and a typical Gap fill here on gold. We sold off from 1296 down to about 1284 at the open of the market That's about a 12-point drop and from there We made this V pattern and we really recovered all of those gains This is kind of like an inverse head and shoulders type of pattern here You see the left head right we pretty much made that full move all the way back up to pre market Really not pre market like the resistance levels that we saw from last night And this is where you know, I ended up taking my position again. I had a little alert on JNug I wasn't watching this one closely But once I saw this bullish move on gold the 50 SMA crossing the 180 SMA This was pretty big in my eyes as a reversal and I ended up putting in some money in JNug Roughly at about 11 a.m. Eastern Standard Time and if we're hopping back over here to JNug We can see at about 11 o'clock. This is when we ended up pulling back We tested that nine level of support the $9 level of support and we bounced right off of that and again from You know the the GC chart That's when we saw the bullish cross on gold and if we're looking back here again the support on JNug was at about $9 So this was all you know a couple of different things that I was seeing in unison that were pointing to a bullish move in Gold I ended up putting some money roughly at about I believe like $9 and 10 cents 905 or something like that and if we hop back over here we can see You know roughly at about 9 10 I think it was 9 11 ended up putting in some money in JNug and actually ended up holding this one for an hour and a half Two hours. This was a bit of a longer trade due to the uptrend really just holding itself Right. We were pulling back higher lows higher highs You know we were maintaining the 50 simple moving average gold was pushing up very nicely So I felt comfortable from 9 10 up to 9 30 to hold JNug and we can see if we just zoom it up guys I made about a 2.1 to 2.1 percent profit Simply for holding JNug for about an hour and a half to two hours So that was actually the only day trade that I ended up taking today And it kind of sucks because honestly guys if I were to hold the entire day, you know I typically don't try and beat myself up for these types of things because I'm more of a conservative trader I like locking in profits. I'm all about being consistent But let's just say apathetically I ended up holding the entire day here, which you know It's not really it's kind of against what I do in terms of day trading I like being in and out in like an hour or two hours three hours sometimes even less You know 10 20 30 minutes, but if I were to hold I would have made about 7% on my money Which is very very solid for one day You know for a one-day day trade, right? So that's what I ended up doing today in terms of JNug so now let's talk about the other trade which I'm sure you guys probably kind of you know Guess this from the title of the video. Yes I ended up buying a couple of shares here of Tesla today And for those of you guys that want to know more in depth of what happened to Tesla Go check out the morning video But the gist the gist of it guys very brief gist here in this video Tesla ended up falling today due to the you know the deliveries Really being short of analysts expectations, right? I forget exactly the number off the top of my head But I think there were there were expecting about 54 55,000 model threes only 50,000 model threes got delivered so that was about a seven eight percent You know less than expected from the analysts and we saw the stock price fall like a really like a what's it called like? Like a falling knife, right? It fell like crazy this morning We ended up closing the day yesterday or we were at about 296 at some point yesterday And we fell all the way to 260 guys So that's nearly a 40-point drop overnight in Tesla stock and to be honest guys I've been telling myself over these past couple of days next pullback that Tesla has I'm looking to start building a swing Position right and I'm actually already long invested in Tesla in terms of having a long position for those of you guys that watch my video like a month ago or something I ended up buying some Tesla shares at about off the top of my head right now I don't really remember. I think it was like two seventy two two seventy three something like that and That's in my long-term portfolio, but in my swing portfolio. I was telling myself I want to start building a position for maybe a two three four month swing trade in Tesla next time it drops and hey We got that today guys. We got that today and what really opened my eyes here on a technical basis Excuse me is the fact that we ended up holding this downwards, you know channel support here We can see we ended up bouncing here once in the past twice You know three times, you know a couple weeks ago. We ended up holding once twice We dipped a bit below it to 255 but ended up recovering nicely and pushing back up and the fact that we ended up bouncing here at 260 today literally right at that support channel that gave me incentive and honestly the Not not motivation, but yeah the incentive honestly to buy some shares of Tesla here for a swing trade I'm going in this trade with the mentality of if the stock goes down Maybe we retest 250. I'm okay with buying more at that price Averaging down because let me say or let me explain why right typically when I'm doing swing trades Especially swing trades where I'm looking out on a two three month basis, you know, I'm looking to scale into my positions Right. I'm not looking to hop in. Let's say my goal position is ten thousand dollars, right? I'm not looking to hop in with all ten thousand dollars right off the bat I'm looking to scale in with let's say $2,000 right and then add more if the stock goes up and maybe if the stock goes down Evaluate the situation if we're holding long-term supports, even if the stock goes down Let's say we break a support, but we're maintaining the next support, you know I'll evaluate the situation and I'll be like, okay Maybe this is a good time to add some more money and then I'll add another two thousand dollars, right? This is something that I call Scaling into your positions. It's nothing new. I'm not Einstein. I didn't invent this This is something that's been around in the trading community a lot of people that do long-term investing You've heard average cost, you know dollar cost averaging. It's the same thing, right?  You're not going to lose as much money as you would have lost if you went in all the way with that full 100% position right off the bat, right? So I honestly ended up getting in to Tesla This morning on this initial little pullback at about 265 bought a couple of shares here, and I'm very comfortable Holding these shares with a mental stop loss here over the next couple of weeks and again if we end up breaking supports I'm going to evaluate the situation and maybe buy some more shares and of course I'll keep you all Updated so all in all guys. I'm not too worried about what happened with Tesla today We've been getting some signs and some news that 2019 was not going to be the best year for the company But still on a longer term basis here in terms of these charts in terms of these technicals guys We can see Tesla's highs were two or three seventy six rather and down here at two sixty six on a technical basis here You know, this is a pretty good buying opportunity in my personal opinion And I'm taking advantage of it and I'm fully willing to take this risk So let me know down below in the comment section. What do you guys think about this? I would love to know what your opinions are. Did you buy some Tesla today? Are you swaying the stock? Let me know down below in the comment section. So Very briefly today guys before I do end off this video.  This is one that I'm looking to trade I kind of already broke it down. This is on my list of the top three or four That I'm currently looking to trade so crude oil I talk about this one a lot crude oil right now does seem like it wants to pull back, right? We're seeing kind of a bearish move here on the five-day five minute We're noticing the top at 63 lower high at about 62 and we honestly double topped here Which for those of you all that don't know a double top could you know signify or signal? Rather that we're heading down in a stock ETF index or a future just like a double bottom Could signify or signal that we're going up, right? So take a look at this We're seeing a bearish cross here in terms of about the 50 crossing below the 180 SMA So keep an eye tomorrow on crude oil if we do end up pulling down to $61.50 maybe 61 30 which is the previous resistance now a new support That's going to be an interesting spot to Re-evaluate the situation are we going to hold that level maybe pop back up from there slowly start to uptrend back from there That could be a good entry point for you Wt which goes up whenever crude oil is going up So I'm keeping an eye on this one tomorrow very very closely and another one that I feel like a lot of people Have not been talking about and I haven't been talking about honestly has been Boeing stock guys take a look at this reversal on Boeing stock I think I talked about it a couple of videos ago maybe in the top stocks I'm trading an April video. I talked about this or maybe a video before that or the week before that But nonetheless Boeing we all know what happened, right? The 737 crash that really crashed the stock itself down to about 366 and from there We've been seeing some nice reversal, you know reversal patterns in terms of Boeing and now we're being tested by This 180 simple moving average resistance here as well as the 395 Resistance here from back in the beginning of October in 2018 So this is a level where if we break out of this level, you know, we could be pushing back up to mid not mid 450s maybe 415 so just keep an eye on this next level that we could potentially Be getting to and if we break out of these two resistance levels and we confirm it that offers about a 5% margin in terms of Boeing ticker symbol BA stock So that's one super super interesting in my eyes right now Facebook is one again that we're kind of seeing some resistance at the level of about 177 178 see I'm watching a mar to see Are we gonna end up testing back higher here? Maybe 177 178 and eventually are we gonna break 180 to then? potentially go back up to 186 so from 180 up to 186 that's about a four or five percent margin on Facebook I think this is very possible with the beautiful reversal pattern that we are seeing here on the 180-day four-hour chart in terms of Apple been getting a bunch of questions on Apple today It seems like Apple's been really struggling actually not struggling, but just maintaining the 195 level as a new support So Apple, you know, we could easily see Apple back up to 200 dollars in a couple of days If we do end up breaking up into the 196 197 level so keep an eye on this one This could be a quote-unquote safer swing trade, but really do your research guys, you know, no stock is safe out there But if I were to say a stock is you know a swing trade is quote-unquote safer than another I would say Apple is safer than let's say Tesla, right? And I'm sure a lot of you guys out there would probably agree with that So those are just a couple of stocks and ETFs that I'm watching heading into tomorrow I hope you guys did enjoy this video if you did feel free to drop a like leave a comment and subscribe to the channel If you have any questions for me feel free to follow me on Instagram and shoot me a DM And of course on discord you can message me as well. I'll get back to you as soon as I can I appreciate all of you guys out there for watching. I'll catch you all in the next video We'll chat in the discord and on and on Instagram. Peace out guys


I srednjih se srednjih je zazgledaj, vzelo však tudi, da se predstavljamo, zato je monetari, St. Michael, in vse različne, akologične vse, ki se odrečili v srednjih dveh. Vse je tudi vse, da je vse, vse, da je zelo vse, pri te, ko je vse, z kvalitavnih, uroli, in to, kaj je zelo na pošličenju, analizajnjah in sysmatizacijenju data na in svetih arkeologijih z vsevrstvenih v Vrsar. I vsevrstveni tudi in z ljenovim vsevrstvenih planov in zelo na kvalitavne tudi na vsevrstvenih tezda, in na in svetih vsevrstvenih.  To je skupnjena v vrstavu, v istrijem peninsulju in v vrstavu Vrstavu, v Kloshtu, vzelo V Limbe.  Srečno informacije o monestrih, tudi prej, srečno informacij, so od prej 11. centru.  Protočno, da se v St. Michaelu v 11. sejtri bilo. In tukaj imamo svoje informacije. Zato v analizih, da je informacija, da v 1040 se je vse konflikte, kaj je Evrat Johanes in Engelmar, kaj je tukaj vse. In tukaj imamo informacije, da, na različnjih različnjih, bolje postavljenje in šeštje, nekaj bolj bolj šeštje, nekaj je tudi. Zdaj je poslovo, da se je vse našličnje, da se je vse našličnje stavljenje in šeštje, in se je vse koncentrujno všličnje in šeštje. Zdaj je tudi dve inšlične dokumente, ki je v 1040, nekaj je danes z koncentrujnji, of Azika and Vilpuga, they were the daughter and wife of the first Christian Margreth Ulich from the family of Weimar Olamundan, and they donated some lands to the monastery with these donations in large territory, but as it was quite miscally proved already in the 1960s by historian Danilo Kran, it seems that they were both forgeries from the early 14th century when Polish bishop Bonifatso tried to enlarge to get in possession of these lands and enlarge them. After the 11th century, you can follow quite a dynamic historical development of this monastery. It was till the mid of the 13th century in the hands of Kamaldoliji, the order after that it was abandoned and came into the hands of Polish dioceses. At the beginning of the 14th century it was for short time in the hands of Templars, and by the end of the 14th century it came again in the hands of Kamaldoliji, the order essentially the monastery of Samikele in Izola from Venice. It's interesting that even in this period these poor donations from Vilpuga and Azika were very much used to prove the right of the land, and for example this map that was drawn in the 15th century showing the territory of the monastery, we can see here that on the very borders of this of the land they drew the alleged graves of the Vilpuga and Azika. Monastery stayed in the hands of Kamaldoliji, the order till the end of the 18th century went also to the Kualiti family. This dynamical historical development is very well visible on the structures of the monastery itself, and it's visible that it was forming through a very long period of time with very dynamic changes. For example the oldest building of this complex is the small church of St. Mary. It was originally built as a detached building, but during the period of time it had several very large construction works. Based on its characteristics it can be dated in a period from sixth till the eighth century, especially based on the apps that was on the outside, it has this polygonal shape and inside semicircular shape, and churches of these characteristics were built in Istria during this period. Next to it there is a church of St. Michael built in the 11th century, and it basically incorporated the smaller church in its body, and at that period these doors were opened on the place of the older windows. We still have these three windows, original windows on the south wall with the stone transins, and remains of the wall paintings on the eastern wall. Some other original elements from Monastery at Stir Prizerv, for example these columns on south wing of the cloister and the cister, and some parts of these buildings of the south wing of the monastery are still preserved, and the youngest element of the monastery is this collated palace built in the 18th century, when it destroyed some parts of the monastery itself. Based on all of these facts, most of the authors who were studying this subject suggested that St. Michael Monastery was founded in the 11th century, or to be more precise in the second quarter of the century, and they of course took into account the fact that an older sacred building existed at the same location, which was defined as the cemetery church of the nearby settlements, in particular the already mentioned calisela. But the archaeological research conducted over the past two years has yielded new data that shed fresh light on these topics and opened a window to a new interpretation. At the beginning of the research it was noted that on the north facade of these buildings from the south wing of the monastery it is visible that it's got several different building phases. Based on this the analysis of standing structures was conducted and it was followed by the archaeological research that of course confirmed the stratigraphic complexity of the building and showed that the initial structure functioned at the eastern section of the south wing of the monastery. This was a building that measured some nine by four point five meters at the ground plane and only the parts of this north wall of the building are preserved in the elevation while the other ones are preserved only in the foundations. On the north wall we can see these wall openings that are very similar to those that we have on the smaller church of St. Mary. For example these remains of these windows that we can see above the doors in the eleventh century when they are compared to the windows on the building that are very similar or for example we have on the both buildings these doors that have, I don't know how to call this, this mushroom shape, I don't know how to call it. That is quite common for the building in Sanistria in the period from the sixth to the ninth century. They are different, of course this shape here is more common in the earlier periods or from the sixth to the eighth century while this one is less common but we can find very similar doors on the tower, nearby tower of Tornina where the first phase of the building is dated in the early ninth century. Small archaeological finds confirm these dates and you can compare, for example, these examples here with some other material from other archaeological sites on an ultimatiatic they can be also dated in a period between seventh and ninth or the beginning of the tenth century. Beside this one of the charcoal samples taken and analyzed using the radar cover methods yield, the result suggests that the construction or use of the building in the period from the late eighth to the tenth century means the period that precedes the large scale construction of the eleventh century. So what we know for now based on these excavations that before the eleventh century there was this church and another building next to it and this perimeter part of this perimeter wall was also found during the excavation. But in the eleventh century this complex saw a significant renovation. This was the period that certainly saw the erection of the monumental St. Michael church with a form unique on the eastern peninsula. But it seems that at the same time the expansion of the residential part of the monastery took place when the outer residential structure was incorporated into the newly built south wing of the monastery. Also it seems that at the same time the arcade of the monastery was formed along the southeast in the west side of the courtyard. In archeological layers dated to eleventh century we see some changes of course in the archeological finds but activity in the area of the monastic complex in the course of the eleventh century can however be followed with much greater ease to the preserved structures remains and fragments of architectural stonework at the side. For example fragments of frescoes exhibits characteristics of eleventh century. Also study this topic noted that these paintings is most similar to the contemporary art of the southern Germany and although we don't have very much preserved wall paintings in this period in southern Germany it is noted that shaping of these figures especially shaping of the drapery in the figures is very similar to those in the paintings of German scriptoria of the eleventh century such as those at Echternach, Regensburg and Salzburg. On the other side is window openings of the church have the already mentioned transin for which we find very good cooperation or almost similar almost exact transins on the another exceptional monument of early Romani architecture in Istria St. Mars in church nearby Sveti Lovreč. This is a three isle basilica with three projekti epses typologically very similar to a number of other sacred structures erected in the course of the eleventh century in northern Italy especially around the middle of the century the construction of which is often associated with the church reform that saw their high points in the period in the work of the Benedictine communities. The fragments of architectural stonework and the frescoes preserved in the church are also consistent with this dating range. So we can see that not only that these transins are almost identical to those in in St. Michael but also for example these imposts are identical to those that we can see in the arcades of the cloister in St. Michael. These frescoes are again connected in southern German territories of the eleventh century. All of this further corroborates the dating of the St. Michael church to about the mid of the eleventh century and this also supporting the intensity of the information about alleged inscription that dated building of the church in the year 1041. However, this new information suggest that the roots of the monastery should be thought in the earlier period at least at ninth century, the period of the formation of the oldest Benedictine monasteries on the eastern peninsula. There's not much of them earlier than eleventh century but for example here in the territory around Robin you can see that several of them are dated to to the ninth century. Once again this shows how the archaeological research can often change conclusions made upon historical data and analysis of standing structures and move the roots of medieval monuments in a little earlier or even sometimes in even later period. Similar thing happened for example with the monastery of Sveta Maria Velipe njirpale, that also after the archaeological research was dated to the ninth century. In course of the eleventh century this monastery saw a significant transformation, very likely prone by the Benedictine reforms of the time, the Maldolisi reforms of all reinforced by the presence of the Saint Roman himself in the monastery's immediate neighborhood. Bearing witness to this is the later affiliation of the monastery with this religious order. Saint Michael fits in that sense in a very dynamic building activity connected with the Benedictine order in the inistia at that time. From around 50 Benedictines monasteries known in peninsula most of them around 80% were founded exactly in 11 or in 12 century. But what is particular is the fact that this is a structure formed in a manner that departs from the sacred architecture of the early Romanist period as it developed from the local traditions of early medieval architecture on the Istrian peninsula. The Saint Michael church like Saint Martin's in nearby Sveti Lovreč exhibits architectural attributes that find their models in the north of the Apennine peninsula and in southern German regions. Also point to southern German influences are the decorations preserved in both churches built in about same time. So reasons for connection between Italy and Istria is not difficult to find because they are connected for a very long time already from Roman period. But reasons for connection between south Germany and Istria we can of course try to find in contemporary political situation because Istria was deeply involved in political and cultural sphere of south Germany and northern Italy because already from 10th century it was a part of Vavarian later on of Carincia until in the 11th century it became a separate county. But even in that period all members of political and ecclesiastic elite were of German ethnic element. For example all Istrian margaris were Germans and what is very important all Achillean patriarchs beginning from the start of the 11th century in the next two centuries were elected exclusively from the German aristocracy and they were a very strong link political, cultural and religious link between Germany north Italy and Istria. But the key person probably for this link was the several time mentioned bishop Engelmar who held a position from the 1028 to 1041. But prior to this he was a monk at the monastery in Niedel Artrach, so in southern Germany and his image which is quite rare is shown preaching in a benedictional created in the scriptorium of the Regensburg monasteries. The Engelmar benedictional points to the very strong ties between Porach and Regensburg which must have been reflected in collaboration through the artisanal traits and workshop that furnished and painted sakhral buildings in the territory of Porach's diocese of that period. So just to conclude although a lot of research was done and a lot of very important works were written about the history economy and the architecture of St. Michael's Monastery, recent excavation have shown that this complex still have a big scientific potential especially in means of archeology research that could if continued bring some very important new insight about the process of formation, development and function of medieval periods in this part of Europe in the medieval period in 11th century. Thank you much for your attention.


Hi everyone, Joe for Jaspy's casebreaks.com with our last mosaic basketball hangar box to unlock that one box break of immaculate basketball Very big thanks to this group for getting in on the action We're gonna do the break first all 30 teams are in let's roll it randomized names and teams Five and a five ten the hard way one two three four five six seven Eight nine and tenth and final time Ten the hard way five and a five Ten times with the teams two three four five six seven eight Nine and tenth and final time after ten we got the Hornets up top Cavs on the bottom and Joe with the Hornets. Here's the first half of the list right here second half the list right down there and it's Logan with the Timberwolves So no trade windows in these filler breaks You're up. All right. Yeah, absolutely. Oh Sunday. Nice. Yeah. Yeah, Sunday. Funday Sunday Okay, thank you appreciate it. Have a good night. Thank you You too. All right, here is the mosaic box And there's the immaculate case. These are pop that open in the next video See which one box break we're gonna do Colanthony a Lamello ball and a green Luca Donchik. That looks kind of cool color match on that green uniform Couldn't quite hang on they got they got beat by the Phoenix Suns earlier tonight The Suns went on a big run Lamello ball. Nice Charlotte Hornets Joe Andreessen with that guy Colanthony's been playing well that goes to Steven And we've got the exclusives to this hanger box set rookies Kira Lewis Josh Hart Got miles bridges and we got a LeBron James right here as well all right The biggest hits of this break though are those immaculate spots. So let's grab everyone's names again New dice new list Let's roll it and randomize that list two and a three five times top ten after five good luck one two three Four and fifth and final time after five So from eleven on down After five it's sad times only the top ten get in but I appreciate everybody giving this shot. Thank you Top ten happy times. You're in the break Jose Shawn Matt Eric Steven Steven Ben John Oliver and Joe Congrats gang. I'll see you in the next video for the next break. Bye. Bye


Okay, welcome back to the portion of the program for customer lightning talks, where we chat with Armistice customers for a rapid fire five minute session on their CISO perspectives and insights into cybersecurity. First up is Tim Everson, CISO of Kalahari Resorts and Conventions. Let's get it going. Hi, Tim, welcome to theCUBE and Armist Program, managing risk across your extended surface area. Thanks for having me, appreciate it. So let's go, let's get going. So unified visibility across the extended asset serves as key. Can't secure what you can't see. Tell me about what you're able to centralize your views on network assets and what is Armistice doing from an impact standpoint that's had on your business? Sure, so traditionally, basically you know, you have all your various management platforms, your Cisco platforms, your SIMs, your wireless platforms, all of the different pieces and you've got all this disparate data out there and you've got to chase all of this data through all these different tools. Armistice is fantastic and was really, you know, point blank drop in place for us as far as getting access to all of that data all in one place and giving us visibility into everything. Basically open the doors, letting us see our customer wireless traffic, our internal traffic, our PCI traffic because we deal with credit cards, HIPAA compliance, all this traffic, all these different places, all into one. All right, next up, vulnerability management is a big topic across all assets, not just IT devices. The gaps are there in the current vulnerability management programs. How has Armistice vulnerability management made things better for your business and what can you see now that you couldn't see before? So Armistice gives me better visibility of the network side of these vulnerabilities. You know, you have your Nestus vulnerability scanners, the things that look at machines, look at configurations and hard facts. Nestus gives you all those, but when you turn to Armist, Armist looks at the network perspective, takes all that traffic that it's seeing on the network and gives you the network side of these vulnerabilities. So you can see if something's trying to talk out to a specific port or to a specific host on the internet. And Armist consolidates all that and gives you trusted sources of information to validate where those are coming from. You know, when you take into account all the criticality of the different kinds of assets involved in a business operation and they're becoming more wider, especially with Edge and other areas, how has the security workload changed? The security workload has increased dramatically, especially in hospitality. In our case, we have, you know, not only do we have hotel rooms and visitors and our guests, we also have a convention center that we deal with. We have water parks and fun things for people to do, you know, families and businesses alike. And so when you add all those things up and you add the wireless and you add the network and you know, the audio video and all these different pieces that come into play with all of those things in hospitality and you add our convention centers on top of it. The footprints just expanded enormously in the past few years. You know, when you have a digital transformation in a use case like yours, it's very diverse. You need a robust network, you need a robust environment to implement SaaS solutions. No ages to deploy, no updates needed. You got to be in line with that to execute and scale. How easy was ARMS to implement ease of use, the simplicity of the plug and play? In other words, how quickly do you achieve this time to value? Oh goodness, we did a proof of concept about three months ago and one of our resort locations. We dropped in an ARMS appliance and literally within the first couple of hours of the appliance being on the network, we had data on 30 to 40,000 devices that were touching our network. Very quick and easy, very drop in plug and play and moving from the, you know, the POC to production, same deal. We dropped in these appliances in each site. Now we're seeing over 180,000 devices touching our networks within a given week. ARMS has this global asset knowledge base, crowd source and asset intelligent engine. It's a game changer. It tracks managed, unmanaged, IoT devices. Were you shocked when you discovered how many assets they were able to discover and what impact did that have for you? Oh, absolutely. You know, not only do we have the devices that, you know, that we have, but you know, we have guests that bring things on site all the time, Roku TVs and players and Amazon Firesticks and all these different things that are touching our network and seeing those in real time and seeing how much traffic they're using. You know, we can see utilization. We can see, you know, exactly what's being brought on. We can see vehicles in our parking lot that have access points turned on.  Is bring your own equipment to the resort so you can watch all your Netflix, HDMI cable, everyone's doing it now. I mean, this is the new user behavior. Great insight. Anything more you'd want to say about ARMS for the folks watching? I would say the key is they're very easy to work with. The team at ARMS has worked very closely with me to get the integrations that we've put in place, you know, with our networking equipment, with our wireless, with different pieces of things. And they're working directly with me to help integrate some other things that we've asked them to do that aren't there already. Their team is very open. They listen. They take everything that we have to say as a customer to heart and they really put a lot of effort into making it happen. All right, Tim. Well, thanks for your time. I'm John Furrier with theCUBE, the leader in enterprise tech coverage. Up next in this lightning talk session is Brian Gilligan, manager, security and operator at Refield Properties. Thanks for watching.