You don't seem very shy. I asked you to come here and you were like, okay. I'll come to the front. You know, that was you, right there. You just came to the front, you know. There was no hesitation, right? You just came. No problem. I'm a big fan of non-verbal communication, so I don't need to use words to talk sometimes. I've been able to find people that are very under the radar. Nobody really knows about them in the big media. And I like finding them and showcasing them. Like, here's me. Like, if you give the really good answer to the question and I know that you would be a good person to keep in touch with, this is what I do right away. Hey, that was so cool. Can we keep in touch on WeChat? Can I message you? You know, right away. I just go right away and they say, yeah, sure. And then I'm like, we scan and then we become friends. I message you my name, my email, right away, my phone number, so you have it, you know, so we're in touch. Don't wait. Don't wait. Why are you waiting? If someone's really interesting, get their contact information and follow up with them the next day. That was great to meet you. You know, here's that paper I was talking about. What do you think about it? Do you want to meet up on Thursday for coffee and talk about it more? I'll come with more research. Because when you don't take this out and do it right away, you forget about them. They forget about you. The opportunity goes away. So, seize the moment. Carpe Diem sees the day. Get connected right away to the person that you find interesting and follow up with them. I know someone's opinion may contradict yours. Where's my friend Alan? It's all about your perspective. Who are we and what is the nature of this reality? So, this is the opening of our question portion. So, if you could maybe start with your name and then also what you study here at the Peking Life Sciences, okay? Okay. And then ask the question. Hello, Alan. I have a question. I am Tan Liu. I'm studying neuroscience and an undergraduate student in Peking University. I have a question that what is your background in your undergraduate study and PhD? Good question. And I was wondering that how do you get into the field of your interviewee as fast as you can? And how do you come up with a valuable question that take a balance between the profession and the interest of the audience who may not know so much about the field? Are that my questions? Yes. That's a lot of questions. Okay. Okay. Let's see if we can remember them. Okay. So, the first question is about my background and how I got into this. So, I was born in a place called South Dakota in the middle of the United States and then I moved to California when I was 19 years old. I went to the University of Minnesota for two years and then I just went out to California because I wanted to execute ideas because I had just so many ideas and so Silicon Valley is this place of executors and ideas and so I wanted to go. And I thought I was just going on a leave of absence for a couple months but I ended up staying out there. So, I didn't even end up finishing my undergrad. I've been there seven years now. I'm 26 and I've just been networking with some of the leaders in Silicon Valley across all these different fields and I've been doing things like since I was 23, I started taking a microphone and a camera and just going on the streets of Silicon Valley and asking different people what makes you happy, what impact do you want to make in the universe, what's something you did that last scared you, these types of questions. And then I started seeing, okay, well, we can start producing shows around these things. So, I started producing shows featuring different scientists, I was featuring them with comedians, I was featuring big future festivals with a thousand people in the audience, different types of things like that. And then it just came up that we wanted to do this every day. So, we started doing the show every single day, featuring different leaders every day on the show because there's just so many smart people and there's so many different fields and so it's nice for us to be able to try and do as many fields as possible and share that. Okay, what were the other questions? How can you come up with the questions that are both valuable and attract the audience? Okay, so let's say you're doing research on epigenetics and let's say that you find that the person that you're doing research on also has shared maybe they've shared personal stories about how they've overcome some sort of struggles in their life journeys leading up to the point because it's not all roses, we of course have some sort of struggles that we go through in life. So, when you read content or you read their publications or you watch videos with them, there's always going to be interesting things that you can take from it about their personal life, about their scientific inquiry and about just other things that you find interesting that then you add your own spin to that then make it interesting for other people to ask. So, for example, I like asking people questions about what their thoughts are on the direction of our world. So, like a very big question about the overall direction of our world where I like asking them questions about what they think is the most beautiful thing in the world or I like asking them questions about if they think that are we alone in the cosmos. I like asking them big questions and so maybe think about yes getting our questions both into the smallest aspects of epigenetics but also these big picture questions about how the environment affects our genes over time and just these bigger questions over thousands of years but also about the nuance of the DNA at the most molecular level. So, there's all of the in between from the smallest in the world to the biggest in the world and just think about who's your audience is your audience going to be people that are already very deeply interested in science or is the audience going to be someone that's maybe somewhat interested in science and they so there's a phrase called explain like I'm five ELI five and that means you want to like you want to be able to explain something to someone that's five years old in the science so think about how would you explain epigenetics to a five-year-old that's a hard subject to explain to a five-year-old but so but that makes it so that you become a really good science communicator that you can inspire someone that's five someone that may not maybe they're an adult they're 10 15 20 years old 25 years old they don't know what that is you can teach them what it is but then you can also go in to someone that's a scientist in the field that you can talk to them about it too so it's kind of like having a varying amount of degrees of of of intelligence in the field that you can go and communicate it at the simplest level but also at the most complicated level and knowing who your audience is does that answer the question okay is there more question do you have another one i don't remember okay okay thank you yeah all right all right thank you for coming you don't leave here as a faculty of pq u so you have this unique experience or unique angle of doing your job and conventionally people usually take sort of existing rounds for their career and i would guess most of people myself including will at least when we get studied we'll be worrying about our everyday life for example how to secure our pay for grad students probably get their phd or get a degree rather than at least in daily life worrying about you know the sustainable energy you know what happened there are aliens in the world you know probably there will be or there is but everyday life we were just worrying about you know how to get my student graduate okay so how do you really sort of get into this unique way and how do you really balance probably you also i would guess star with you know have certain expected or fixed income and oh you'll probably be very rich to star with and then you're worrying about the you know the big question in the world so that's my question yeah yeah it's very good too um so this is this is a hard subject because many of us have this maybe this inner desire like an artist is a very simple way of putting it because artists have a strong inner desire to go and do something uh that's unique in the world but they don't necessarily have the ability to get compensated immediately for this unique thing that they want to bring into the world and so and same thing usually when you're going through graduate and phd studies is that you also are usually not getting paid until you be your big your big opportunities until after you've graduated with your phd and after you're doing something really interesting and people want to hire you into industry or academia when you have some sort of a why some sort of a inner purpose and inner knowing of that this is my goal this is my destiny this is my dream no matter what no matter how little i'm compensated for it right away will make ends meet in sometimes in the united states and in china too we were talking about this sometimes people live in you know a couple people in a in a room you know on bunk beds you know if you if you have to do that so that you can do what you love every single day to be able to achieve your goals what your ultimate destiny is then make the sacrifices that are needed if you need to sacrifice your housing situation if you need to sacrifice some of the going out we don't i don't go out i don't go out i there's a very rare time when there's a group of people that are very very prominent that i'll go out and hang out with but otherwise i spend my time working and that's the thing there's sometimes people go out to the bars or they go to the clubs right this type of thing sometimes they just watch tv for a whole day or whatever that you know how bad do you want to be successful how bad do you want to push the edge of science how bad do you want to be compensated for your uniqueness in the world and so when you want it really badly you figure out how to dominate a small market that niche so if you are going into mitochondrial studies or rna or wherever you're going into you can do something super deep in that vertical that nobody else is doing and you can become an expert at that and dominate it and when you do that you get compensated for it and if if you're going to do something like maybe be an artist or someone that has to take a little longer to get compensated for something or like your longer term phd studies that it can sometimes be really beneficial to do something like find someone that's your friend that has a family that has a little bit of extra finances or maybe a company that is willing to talk to you and ask them to be a supporter of you ask them for a sponsorship and so that's another interesting thing if you go and ask 50 companies if they'd be willing to sponsor your scientific studies or your artistic studies you have at least asked maybe one or two of them will say yes and then you'll get maybe a couple thousand you want a month to be able to pursue your interests and so these what is a couple thousand you want a month to with big companies it's nothing it's zero that's how much it's to them but they know that if they say that they're helping fund some of the cutting-edge scientists or artists or journalists then they will feel like they have a deeper meaning and purpose that they're working with young people on building a better world and so these are the things we can do we can ask our friends that have that have parents that may be interested in supporting us we can ask the companies that may be interested in supporting us and those are just some of the couple thoughts that come to mind about that Hi Alain, my name is Jun and I graduated from Ulon Lee's lab and now I'm studying some sensory receptors for the drug development actually I was wondering yeah you know you have interviews so many people in different fields with different education and cultural background so I want to know how do you understand them in such a short time for example research understand their research or something that's a very good question too so this is a challenging visit for me because you guys are so much smarter than I am in life sciences really and so this is very challenging for me to try and keep up with what you guys are going to be teaching me about your fields and how deep you're going and what you're understanding about the life sciences and so some of the ways that I learn to deal with with knowing that the person that I'm talking to is just so much smarter than I am in the field that they're teaching is I try and you know I use this word earlier but I try and parse and synthesize and so what that would mean is I would look at what you're researching and I would try and find you know there's this principle called the Pareto principle if you find that actually 20 percent of your research is going to have 80 percent of the overall ideas that I want to go and learn from so I need to parse your research for those 20 and study those 20 percent mostly and so that's usually what I do so that I can at least have enough time so I don't get lost in the in the in the roots but that I can you know find the fruits of your of your greatest studies fastest and then learn from those and then try and and add some of my own creative takes to asking you questions about it yeah another question so could you tell me the ultimate goal or you do doing this one more time what's the question for example oh my ultimate goal yeah for to interview the top 15 people in the world or something and the what was the second part I mean the I mean the cool you're doing this the ultimate goal of the show and of doing the interviews yes that's the question okay um okay if you do something like look at our world with a a center point of of knowledge where the children that are born into the world are learning things like they're learning the language they're learning history science math etc and then there's this edge of knowledge so there's the center of knowledge and this edge of knowledge so what I find most interesting is to go and take the cameras and the microphone to the edge of knowledge to the people at the very edge of the knowledge and try and have them teach what they know through this megaphone to the rest of people so that someone around the world and now people watch the show from around the world and they message us from all different countries around the world that they can say something like oh my god that changed my life I now see the world in a new way I have transitioned the way that I'm applying these principles in my career so this is kind of like one of the ultimate reasons to do this is why don't we have more people going to the scientists the entrepreneurs the artists politicians the leaders at the edge of knowledge and doing their best to try and interview them and share their wisdom share their knowledge with the rest of the world and get people inspired and engaged in building the future so that's that's really one of the big things and another big thing is that and do you guys ever see like the over over view effect of you know when you see the the earth from from space are you guys familiar with that photo so when you see the earth from space you know you really think about all it's approximately 100 billion people is what we hypothesize have have lived and died before us today to build this civilization we have and it just gives you a greater degree of empathy and love for the the entire progress of the human race to get to this point and it makes it so that all of these all of these things about why would we be in war with each other you know these are these are crazy things to think about when you take this perspective of everyone has ever lived on this planet and we need to be better stewards of the planet we need to be better caretakers of the planet have a more sustainable civilization and so that's why the sustainable development goals were on there and that's why you know having a show that at least asks questions about how we can all better work together how we can better collaborate better harmonize I mean that's why I'm here I'm here in China because I really care about helping the world come together and collaborate and so if we can show scientists and entrepreneurs and leaders that we interview in China on our channel people around the world will say oh cool this show goes to China too this show works with China this is cool and so it doesn't become some sort of a us and them thing but it's an we're all here together thing so these are some of the ultimate yeah reasons yeah hello my name is Chen Hong and I'm from I'm a graduate student in this university and I have a question is that what are you studying in structural biology structural biology and and my question is how to be not be shy when you interview others and and be yourself okay could you could you come up here would you be willing to come up here remind me come come a little closer what's your what's your name my name is Zhang Hong Zhang Hong yeah so Zhang Hong your questions about how to not be shy yeah okay what about how why why do you ask the question I'm I'm very shy when when talking to others so I I want to get some experience from others and help me go out of myself you don't seem very shy I asked you to come here and you were like okay I'll come to the front you know that was you right there you just came to the front you know so how but there was no hesitation right you just came no problem when I talk to others I feel very nervous and where where does it where do you where do you feel nervous where do you feel it in your head in your in your heart in your stomach I I think when I talk to others so my my mind will be can can't work very well right now how do you feel right now I'm relaxed but my mind is so you said you're relaxed yes interesting because that place where you feel relaxed from right now if that same feeling can if you if we you know if we close our eyes and we feel this feeling of being relaxed and what that feels like and then if we practice that feeling of feeling relaxed more often when we're by ourselves when we're approaching people so here's another thing out of if you have a structural biology right was something that you cared about what you're working on uh actually I'd like to do some MD simulation some MD simulation atom atoms how how do the structures how do the biology molecular work at the people can see the atom wise things about the biology molecular work in the in the real life yes and so if you want to find people to to learn from that are doing simulation study what what is how many times have you went and maybe asked people in person because here's here's something that that I learned when I was very young I went and I started talking to people and learning from my mistakes and so if we're willing to step outside of this comfortability if we're willing to get maybe a little bit uncomfortable because you know how we take a little step into what we feel is uncomfortable and we try and learn and then we feel more comfortable and then we take one more step into what we feel a little uncomfortable so when you know when you came up here so fast to come in and talk to me about about overcoming shyness to me this is a great example of you just overcoming and just coming forward and so that same thing is if you want to talk to somebody maybe in the field of of MD simulation maybe to you know take that little step and say hey you know you're in this field and I want to and I've been researching your work and asking them a good question and then learning from that process and then going and you know doing it again and kind of being comfortable with taking the little steps to do does that does that make sense but yes we win and then I need maybe I need to prepare the questions or just when I interview him or her and come up with the question immediately these two process a two approaches yes yes yes so those are two so those two approaches are again it's kind of like we want to work our way into both those approaches so the one where you do research and then you already have some notes and you already know the question or two you want to ask someone it gives you a little bit more time to prepare and then you're ready with your question and it's it's not so hard to be shy it's maybe a little bit easier to come to come forward but there's less shyness when you can do more research ahead of time but when you don't have the opportunity to maybe do research ahead of time and you're trying to think on the spot of maybe like the question just what comes up and a good principle that I've taken from experiences like that is think when something comes up think even bigger has been something that comes up for me that I like so when you think of something about MD simulation think about what is what could like why are we doing MD simulation right why what could be the best applications of MD simulation what how would this help our health and our science outcomes around the world do you see the like the big questions or like the little questions too what's the best physics simulator that you know you know so does that kind of make sense like just to think about like the best big questions and to try and like think big so these questions are all prepared before the interview those questions right I just came up with those questions and that's because I have a habit that I've developed of thinking big and abstractly about questions like that and so maybe that would be something too that could help is that if you find yourself if you do have time to research yes research and get the good questions and then ask and learn from that process but if you don't have time to do research if it's just again like you oh look I see someone walking on the street oh wow what was that question I want to ask them if you don't have the time then think big think big you know think as big as possible about their work and about the field that type of stuff and to you sometimes that idea is on repeat of something like shyness it's like on repeat in our head that we're living in I'm shy I'm shy I'm shy and it's just further programming us into thinking that about ourselves but what if you were to say during that talk I confidently walked up to the front what if you were to tell yourself that later tonight okay thank I'll go back to try it yeah yeah absolutely try it and see see how see how repatterning our language and what we say about ourselves can literally change how we presence ourselves in the world thank you yeah yeah you're welcome thank you thank you and my name's Alex come in Alex and I'm a ground undergraduate student and I will be a member of you lonely slap so someone used to tell to me a scientist as just human being there will be someone generals someone will be mean someone will be they'll come gentle and some will be tough so so my question is have you ever made some embarrassing some embarrassing times and in the in the in the interview of your pastor and how would you deal with this especially when someone who will we have a conflict about uh have a have a conflict on your point on your just some some of the view your hold is or quite opposite to him and this is a question so how do you handle this okay this is good too if anyone tells you that they've never failed at something then they're lying to you everyone's everyone's failed at something everyone's had struggles with aiming to achieve what they're trying to do so I've had plenty of scenarios in interviews where I've just falling on my face and and I I'm the one of the important things to do in those scenarios is um you know humility is a big thing for me because if sometimes I'll catch myself talking too much when my job is to be someone that features the different leaders so instead of talking so much I maybe pause and figure out how to ask a good question next and so these aren't this another thing to remember is that they're not like it's not life and death so we sometimes we get too consumed with oh what's going to happen if I you know don't do well etc it's kind of like what we thought of in you know in in high school or like middle school when we were young we're always worried about who likes us and if this is going to you know if I come tomorrow to school and if something happens and I'm ashamed or whatever nobody cares about that like look you're you know you're 20 years old 25 years old you're not thinking about middle school high school so these as as important as the moments are to do well in life they're also not life or death moments so to not like overly get worried about the moment but also to know that it's important to do well and to have a good feedback loop with yourself so that if you do go and you you know you walk a little bit towards that that uncomfortability and you and you practice and you learn something make sure to learn it go back home think about it embody it the next the next day that you go practice practice with the new knowledge that you took in so that's a you know closed loop feedback for your own personal growth so at the meantime as a as a meantime you the you just have a conflict and the people you interview will will feel something will feel bad will feel maybe angry and at the meantime how would you deal with it okay this is good okay so if there's some sort of like a conflict during the interview maybe of ideas or something like that so okay so sometimes on the show I'll ask people about sometimes we'll talk about artificial intelligence on the show and when we talk about AI I usually have lots of questions about AI I have questions about narrow AI versus general AI I have questions about the ethics around AI about geopolitics around AI all these big questions sometimes people will just say that I have no worries about it you know and you know maybe I disagree that there is something to worry about it and so I'll say well have you thought of the scenario of where there's a runaway super intelligence and we haven't had too much to say about the way that it goes off into the world and so maybe they say no I'm not worried about that that's 50 years out and then I say okay and then we move on to the next topic so it's I never I never I never push to try and make people feel uncomfortable yeah yeah so even if there's like a conf conflicting viewpoints asking a question is really good to see how they feel about it like why do you feel like there will never be that issue is a good way to think like genetic engineering why do you think there would never be an issue with it they say I'm never worried about it or something like that so to ask a question yeah yeah also just like staying peaceful like equanimous you know even keel because this is what we talked about during the talk with emotion regulation is that if you can stay peaceful at moments of high stress you can go farther in life instead of ah and getting really you know just and playing that on repeat the next day in the next day the negativity versus you know staying more even keel yeah and so treating conflict like it's also something that's a like a learning experience for both yeah yeah yeah thank you hi island i'm yin go from um um professor tongue for trust lab and my major in the epigenetic regulation my question is um when we um for example attend an academic meeting and during on coffee time we met someone that is a top expert in our area and I really want to attract his attention I mean um for example to be his um PhD student or be his postdoc like that um do you have an advice that um how I began the question I mean if I ask him a big question he may think he may be think I'm um not say not say researcher here adjust uh how to say the other field the other field audience don't know the basic question if I ask him a specific question about his research I don't know which one is better to begin the conversation with the expert I really want you to touch ways oh this is a really good question yeah yeah if you can combine both try so can you ask a question that goes into the very smallest parts of their research and it shows them that you've read that and that you know it but then you maybe talk about its impact on a big scale in the world so something like that because maybe you can combine the two questions I understand you mean that um in order to make him realize as I also study in this area so I ask a specific question and then I can how to say deep deep this topic and talk about its impact or effect or the future like that not just began with the big question yeah like you interview peoples not like you interview the people you want to um you want to other people understand this area for me maybe better to ask a specific question about the um small piece of his his research and then I talk about its effect and make the question become bigger and bigger just like that combine both and this is a big part of this is just trial and error learning for you figuring out how to best represent yourself in the best way possible for other people to see you as someone interesting to collaborate with so we go through a trial and error process of figuring it out and at some point it may be that going into the the tiniest bits and then asking that first and then going to the bigger stuff in a couple more questions is best maybe you can combine both into the first question and that way they're potentially more they see that you think big and that you understand their their the smallest level of the research too so I like the idea of just challenging yourself to find a way to maybe integrate both into the the big picture but you know but if you can't then um then yeah then show them that you've went deep into their field with the first part like you said and then go your way up to the bigger stuff too yeah thank you yeah and do you have your list you have your five you raised your hand right about your top okay so that's the big take you know you already have your list so what's next is doing your research on them finding ways to get in touch with them finding ways to spread maybe meet with other people in your community about that research that kind of stuff you know so that's the next stuff yeah yeah already have the least good I like it good good thank you thank you shesha thanks my name is uh yoren yang I'm undergraduate undergraduate student from school of life science and I'm studying neuroscience and my question is that uh in your opinion what is the point of oral expression because uh I think as an interviewer you may have many strategies for expression coherently and also calmly because I've noticed that you have many pauses in your talking so maybe it's one of your strategies to help you express your ideas more coherently good catch yes that is one of them yes so the question is what are the different strategies about oral expression at its best yeah okay okay thank you great question what I'm doing right now is I'm taking time to formulate the best possible answer for you and I don't have too much worry that if I was to pause for even 15 seconds that you would be you would be thinking okay let's see what let's see what he says after this long pause so I don't have I don't have a worry about that so that's first so not to be like I have to say something right away so that you know that silence is beautiful the reason why we have music is because there's space silence between the notes we talk to each other there's space silence between things we say so take your time to formulate the the best possible thing to say so so that'd be first is to don't be afraid of of of taking that time and silence and space the next thing is I'm a big fan of nonverbal communication so I don't need to use words to talk sometimes and so just like that maybe maybe some here's a most simple one it's actually really interesting to think about why did these evolve why do we have eyebrows right what one of the big hypotheses about why we have eyebrows is because of nuance and facial expressions and communication of course there's other things about sunlight and so that we can actually see better absorbing sunlight so when you say something interesting and you finish your sentence blah blah blah blah and then I didn't say anything you you saw my eyebrows and my mouth go wow you saw my eyebrows rise up you saw my mouth go wow but I didn't say anything and I gave you that three seconds without saying anything all of a sudden you pick back up on your next thought so by not saying something in that small gap of time and by expressing non-verbally you can let someone go on to their next really interesting thought whereas if you would have said something you might have cut it off so I'd say non-verbal communications big you know eye contact is obviously big another thing is just to be have a really good balance between humility and confidence so be confident in your speech I'm talking with my hands and I'm talking loudly because I'm confident in my body posture in my gesticulation I'm confident and my voice is loud and but balance that with humility so if I need to I can tune it back and I can be quieter and I can be calmer and I can be more warm and inviting and I can be humble when I know that you have so much to teach so it's kind of those things are big ones for me on how to orally present oneself at the best the two the two mics so funny um hello alan and I'm tongue an undergraduate student studying biology and I really appreciate your idea to share the the opinions from the greatest minds to everyone but I wonder whether you question too much in your daily life because your job is to ask questions so I wonder what about when you are dealing with your families and friends how do you still question that big questions I think for daily lives we have to let it go sometimes so how do you deal with that how do you balance between your thoughts when you're at work or and the ones when you're at home interesting question okay we've all had the scenario where we're maybe we're butting heads a little bit against our mom or our dad or our brother or our sister in some way we're butting heads a little bit and we know that if we if we double down if I push a little harder most likely you're not going to end up they're going to say oh okay now I understand and then they'll agree with you most likely not it usually ends up if you push even harder they push harder too so sometimes it's better to ask if you can ask a question you know why do you think that way and then learn from their perspective and then thank them and then move on to the other thing and so that's that's big because a happy family is makes for a happy work and a happy the rest of the life so this is this is very important to make sure at home everything is calm and loving and compassionate and vibrant and uh and not you know hectic and chaotic and evil and all that stuff so um so to do our best to to kind of like you know be the loving force at home be the love the force of love at home and then that will help all of a sudden maybe your mom or dad or brother sister will become more loving as well and you'll be like how did that happen and that usually comes from you and it usually comes from us from changing our behavior and our approach to it so yeah the the thought was i seemed to be pretty good with my family i i i had to also go through a very uh long training process myself of i used to push push push and i i just get hit back in my face all the time and then i stopped pushing and i started asking a question about it you know how why do you think that way how do you feel about that and then they answer and i say and then and i just lay off and maybe you know if someone's feeling a little bit agitated um go go out to go for a walk go out to nature come back you know you'll be more calm they'll be more calm after some time away too but i it took a long time for me to get better at it and now also the relationships get better over time like another really important thing about this is you know you know how many of you still have um both of your parents are alive all almost all of you how how many of you are they still together in the same house maybe you're still together in the same house okay so not not so many so but why why i ask is because you have you have this you have this a mom and dad that brought you into the world if they didn't decide they were in in love and they wanted to have a child and bring a child into the world you wouldn't be here and so at least for us when we get older when we're maybe 25 30 years old we're a little older some of us even when we're only 20 20 years old if we can do this when we're just 20 it's even better but can you go up to your mom and can you tell her i love you thank you for holding me in your stomach nine months growing me in your stomach and bringing me into this world can you tell her that and what would happen if you did what would happen to your dad if you told your dad thank you so much for bringing me into this world thank you for the support and the love because when you were a child when you were zero one years old two years old did you make money and pay your own rent no your food was there for you your rent was there your house was there for you all these things were there for you it's because your parents did it so if you can remember to go back to the parents and to tell them thank you for that it changes our relationship with our parents and it makes for the family to be a happier healthier place which makes your work healthier happier and the rest of your life my name is Yuan Guangzhu i'm majoring cell metabolism um through this talk i'm wondering some people talking interesting and some some people boring not the words not their appearance not their face i'm wondering how to turn to right turn all hers to get right communication okay so how say the question again how to turn to a right tone all hers to get right communication some like the right tone and the right words yeah for the right communication yeah okay okay life sciences is familiar with mirror neurons so if you if i if the person you're talking to is a little bit maybe they're moving with their hands maybe they have higher energy then you too maybe a little bit hand movement little higher energy if they maybe take a step back and they're quieter and they're calmer then you also quieter calmer mirroring them helps them become more comfortable and in terms of tone and the right words something that comes up for me about the right words is that and even tone is that um um you know when someone uh finishes one of their statements they can kind of like they can finish their statement with the tone that kind of makes it seem like it's a question but they didn't ask it like a question they said a comment but it was a question and they kind of may go like this at the very end so what you're doing by doing something like that is um you're showing more vulnerability and you're showing more humility and you're showing that um you may not be right and so it's helped me a lot as an interviewer for me when I venture into something that I don't know much about right let's say like neuromodulation and I might say um you know is it is it you know maybe that I ask a question about optogenetics and I ask like well could optogenetics be helpful for eradicating Alzheimer's and I you know I ask it like this so I'm saying well could it be helpful or I read that it was helpful what do you think you know so my tone and my words show that I'm very vulnerable and humble and open to them teaching me versus if I say that well I read that it was helpful and you know and you know they'll be like well you know so there's like there's this can you can we carry a tone of maybe softer or more gentle with with the way that we um ask and then another thing that came up was that I've I've overstretched myself before and I mentioned that earlier too that uh be careful with words sometimes it's better to use a more simple word than to incorrectly use a more complex word so that's been something else that I've learned so um also one more thing take a question that you're asking write it down can optogenetics eradicate Alzheimer's write it down again below it and change up some of the words can optogenetics eradicate neurodegeneration you know neurodegeneration being more broad so can you change the words in the sentence if you write it you know five times changing the words in it and you can make it so that the sentence itself is the best version of the sentence that it could be the question this is what authors do authors of books they go and they take a specific sentence in the book and they write it out 10 different ways and they find the best way the sentence expresses the most meaning and they put it back into the into the book before they publish it this is how they work on iterations of the sentences so think of the best possible words to use in the in the sentence the best structure for the sentence major in biophysics and we like share some of your most enjoyable and self-satisfied interviews my most enjoyable interviews yeah yes and what would you what would you like to know like the person I interviewed the subject why I enjoyed it this type of stuff yeah all of them all those okay thank you for asking something that a lot of people aren't uh thinking about is how to both find people like we were talking about this list of these hot five hot 10 hot top 20 people how do you have both people that are already like they have lots of prominence they have lots of papers they have lots of you know big big big stuff big badges but how do you also find the people that don't have any of that but that are doing very interesting work and so that's been something for me with the people that we've interviewed I've been able to find people that are very under the radar nobody really knows about them in the big media and I like finding them and showcasing them so like sandy and joyous heart were two that are really deeply passionate about spirituality and about meditation and about ways of self-actualization of bringing ourselves fully into the world and I found them featured them but then on this other side of things there's people like you know Dr. Jordan Peterson or Dr. George Church Dr. Max Tagmark right these other leaders that are already in the media they've done TED talks they've uh they go and frequently speak in front of a thousand people you know whatever they have tons of papers tons of companies working on big challenges in the world and so I like featuring them and learning from them too and asking them questions they've never been asked before that's a big one because how often do they get interviews a lot how often do they get a question that they've never been asked before not so often and so if you ask them a question that they've never been asked before that shows them that you understand their most important parts of their view and also that wow I've never been asked it that that before then you earn a place in their in their worldview as someone that they remember they'll remember you and so that's another thing is to strive for such excellence in the world that people remember you I like it when it feels like the guest and myself are are harmonizing are vibrating on a very high level so I try and make an environment where they can feel most alive most coming from their heart and their mind and their spirit soul at their best and so I like I like that that that vibe makes me feel most alive too and it likely makes our audience feel most alive so those are those are the big ones but yeah everything from the complete people don't know of all the way to the people the ones that people do know of and um okay and and a foreign question yes how do you find the interesting people that under the comment later it's a great question too yeah something really interesting that was discovered maybe about I think almost five years ago now is that um you can tell by someone's fanaticism or basically by how um endogenously motivated they are which means like how intrinsically motivated they are so I'm not motivated by a car or a house or a watch I'm but I'm instead I'm motivated by scientific discovery I'm motivated by bringing myself most fully into the world that type of stuff so the more that they're endogenously motivated the more they do really weird things like you'll find someone that's maybe under the radar you'll find them like on the internet talking about like some of the deepest stuff in that field at like three in the morning so how's how passionate does someone have to be about the subject if they're going to be online talking about it at three in the morning so it's like very there can be some very interestingly weird ways to find these people so when you so when you go out to uh do you guys do like networking events right so when you go out to like a networking event remember I mentioned to you guys earlier that I rarely go out but when I do it's to a big networking event that I want to connect with people at and so when you go there you can do something like have your maybe you want to become a co-founder of a company so you're trying to find the partner to co-found the company with or maybe you want to find the person there that knows about the specific thing that you're looking for what you do is you but you you forming that question if you write it down a bunch of times and you figure out how to best ask it you're basically you're querying the event you're running a query of the event and so you go and you ask the question you ask the question you ask the question question question question question you ask the question to as many people as you can and you find the ones that give the best response those are the ones that could potentially be your co-founder those the ones that could help you with that research that type of stuff so the more people that you ask that question to the more likely you'll find to someone that is the right candidate for either the interview or for the founding of the company that kind of stuff so that's been another thing that I've that I've done quite a bit yeah and I'm also a little bit like like here's you know here's me like if you give if you give the really good answer to to the question and I know that you would be a good person to keep in touch with this is what I do right away hey that was so cool can we keep in touch on on we chat can I message you you know right away I just go right away and they say yeah sure and then I'm like oh we scan and then we become friends I message you my name my email right away my phone number so you have it you know so we're in touch and so don't wait well don't wait why are you waiting if someone's really interesting get their contact information and follow up with them the next day that was great to meet you you know here's that paper I was talking about what do you think about it do you want to meet up on Thursday for coffee and talk about it more I'll come with more research because when you don't take this out and do it right away you forget about them they forget about you the opportunity goes away so seize the moment Carpe diem sees the day get the get connected right away to the person that you find interesting and follow up with them is that it we're done with questions does everyone feel that's good if if anyone have questions we can talk about at lunch after the talk or every day you hear and yes we'll leave China on Wednesday next week yes yes so before the Wednesday you can come to the whole building to talk with Ellen so the opportunities are we have lunch happening now you guys can come lunch talk we have every every day I'm going to be doing interviews here so if you want to have lunch or dinner together just connect with me on WeChat and we can meet up and we can do lunch or dinner together I know that a lot of you are doing really cutting-edge research too so I want to learn from you so I'd love to ask you questions about you know your life here in China about what you've been studying all that kind of stuff I find it really interesting I'll be happy to share with you about what's happening in Silicon Valley too in California in the United States just remember that you know the things that we talked about take action take action that's most important otherwise we go back to the same that we were so if we can take at least one new habit and begin implementing it that can make a big difference in who you meet who you work with what you pursue how much money you make how successful you are all that kind of stuff so that's I'm so grateful to Peking University to Shui Lin to you long to all of you guys for coming thank you Shui Shui thank you thank you thank you hey that's cool I have learned a lot from your lecture today of course yes I think these Chinese people are more shy and they are not going to get in touch with that with other people even they think they are interested maybe helpful for their future interesting for me I watched a lot of American movies and I learned a lot from American culture that they are never never feel they are lower in a lower case or feel low I guess in low priority hmm I want to say wow that I think Americans they have a big advantage that is they never feel they are incompetent and I I'm trying to do that to learn from to learn from them so I want to can I have your picture of course yeah thank you you were so confident you came right up right away you know what I mean from when you said that you're like I'm shy and then you walked all the way up you know what I mean sometimes it's a mindset thing and like if we change the way that we think about ourselves we can change the way that we come into the world it's part yeah it's partly true and actually quantum mechanics is proving more and more that that's true you have all of the potentials and you can pick which one you want to I'll talk if you stay for lunch we'll talk talk yes okay okay for lunch okay cool


I will hand over the screen to Mr. Madhavan and I can see Mr. K. Madhavan, ladies and gentlemen. I will hand over the screen to the gentleman. Thank you. Thank you very much. Dear folks, ladies and gentlemen, very good evening. When I was asked to be a jury chair responsible to unknot if any thing happens during the course of this, you know, selection process by my jury friends. I was a little bit reluctant, though they have given me a veto power to do this. You know the reason why I was a bit reluctant? It was a simple reason. In any competitions, if there is a time and to unknot the time, always goes with a win-lose paradigm. And the windows paradigm will always bring happiness to one and unhappiness to another. I was thinking, is there any possible in a time to have win-win paradigm? Incidentally, I came across an interesting incident that has happened in the recent Tokyo Olympics and the scene here is the final high jump contesting for gold. The two contestants there were one from Quattar. He is called as Brasim, another one from Italy. He is called Gemberi. These two people were contesting for gold and both have, you know, recorded something like 2.27 meters in the final. So the tie was, there was a tie for the gold. As you shall, both of them were given three extra chances to jump and something strange happened during the course of these extra attempts that were given. In the first two attempts, both of them could not record even one centimeter more than what they have recorded earlier. That is 2.37. And in the second jump, the contestant Gemberi, an Italian, had a bad injury. He had a, what I can say is, his leg was hurt badly and he was not able to participate in the third event, third chance. So while the third chance was announced, he stood up and said that I am withdrawing from the third attempt. Let my friend, Brisham, try his luck. But the same thing again happened was Brisham, instead of trying for the third jump, he straight away walked to the Olympic referees table and he put two questions. The first question he asked was, can I also withdraw from this third attempt? Second question is, if I withdraw from the third attempt, can we share the gold medal between both of us? So as you shall, the Olympic officials referred their rule book and they said, yes, if you withdraw now, the gold will be shared between both. Immediately, Brisham had a great smile in his face and he said, here I am withdrawing from the third attempt and let the gold go between me and my contestant Gemberi. All that this gave as a reading is that Brisham was a fulfilled heart. A fulfilled heart always prepared to share something with others. They say that it's only empty heart that grumbles, fights, dies miserably. A fulfilled heart always cooperate, adjust, share and celebrate. Ladies and gentlemen, today evening let us celebrate this great event being conducted by media for IMA Award South that the team media exchange has done a marvelous work. I was a part of their initial process and it was really enjoyable and the amount of work that went into to motivate somewhere around 150 odd contestants is amazing. I again wish them all the best and they should do or carry out such of this program in future also. One thing here to notice is not important whether you win or lose. It is not important whether you get a gold or a bronze. It is not very important what you get out of this event or the contest, but very important is the spirit behind it. Now, ladies and gentlemen, let me talk a little bit about me. I am given around 20 minutes to speak. Having served for 30 years in a mattress industry, I got an opportunity to disrupt Indian mattress industry during 2006 and 2007. That part of time Indian mattress industry was stagnant with a product that is repressed fire and bit of polyurethane foam. It was this year we founded the brand called PEPS. We have disrupted the Indian mattress industry by bringing metal spring mattresses as a comfort and luxury item in the segment of sleeping. Remember that in 2006 and 2007 when we set up the business, we were three partners. Two of my partners were my beloved friends and when we set this business during that part of the year, we were making around 4000 mattresses in that year and we have touched around 8 crore turnover. Amid of this COVID that is in the year 2020 and 21 financial year, with all the debacles, we could record somewhere around 415 crores turnover and we made nearly 3.78 lakhs of spring mattresses and pushed that into the market. This company today is growing at a rate of around 37% CAGR and our rebeta is around 12% Now the point here is business today is highly challenging. Business today is highly competitive. Success in any business according to my experience comes if you can add or bring a differentiator on the table across the total value chain. That's most important. To bring differentiator onto the table across the value chain, you need two important things. The first thing is you must have core competency. Second thing is you must have what is known as capability. When I say capability here, I say how much resourceful you will be in your business and what all the resources you can bring at right time, at right place. This is very important. When we started the business, we had only two out of these four piece that is we had a good product, we had a good pricing. We didn't have anything in our hand to spend for the third P and the fourth P was difficult because the product itself was new to this market. So with two piece, we could battle the business. And while I'm speaking to you today, the company is touched around 475 crores in the COVID period that is 2020-21, which is in fact something, something recognizable to me. And this has happened. The story behind all the success I always feel is a great manpower strength. I always believe that you need not want very intellect or brilliant or inspired brilliant employee but all that you need is inspired employees. With this few talk, I wish all the winners and participants all the best. Let us have the spirit of fulfillment and let us move forward and build a great industrial environment across our country. Thank you very much. Thank you for your valuable time and setting the context for the next section very, very nicely. Thank you once again for being here.


Okay, this week's great search by DigiKey and AdaFruitLadyAda. What is the great search this week, AdaFruit? Okay, so this week we're going to look at RF capacitor kits. It's a handy thing which I don't have and so I was actually looking for one today anyways to purchase. So let's go to the overhead. So I was chatting with Unexpected Maker about the ESP32S3 and one of the things they mentioned is that they're sending us these new boards, the ones that we put in that have a better RF pie network and that actually gave me a hint to understand why my ESP32QD pies weren't working. I thought that the RF signal was too strong but it actually turns out I think the pie network is mistuned. And he mentioned like, oh yeah, I just had to kind of try a couple of different values and do some math and do some analysis and use a VNA which I'm totally into but before you hook up your VNA and after doing the math and while you're doing the VNA tuning, what you want to do is be able to swap out the pie network which is usually made up of inductor and two capacitors and the inductor and the two capacitors are like very small values and they're very precise. Usually the capacitors are like one to four picofarads, maybe five picofarads and the inductor is usually like a nano Henry or two or three. So having a kit because you want to try multiple values and the capacitors can have some variation so you're not going to get try like 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 because it's going to be plus or minus 0.25 picofarad anyways variation per component and on the PCB and depending on you know humidity and stuff. But you don't want to try very close values and see if you can tune your antenna and your network as close as possible so having a you know you could buy strips of tape but it's better if you can just get the kit that gets you all of them.  Sure.  That's right. Okay, that's why I can go to here and here. You can keep on top of yourself. So I just searched for capacitor kit. This is the NPI. Cool radar.  This time we're just going to look for the capacitor kit and there's a couple things that I'm going to be looking for. So first up, let's go only for active and in stock right now because I'm only going to buy one and I just want to buy whatever, you know, I want to make sure they have it. I want to make sure it's an SMT component.  Next up, so the capacitance range is a little bit tough to go through. I mean, I definitely don't want these larger ones. But it's also like they're kind of intermixed like there's a start and end. So what I did instead is first I went to the package and I don't want a package range. I only want O402 because O402 is a very common small enough to not have, you know, high as effects but large enough that you could hand solder them if you wanted to. Some people use O603 that's also fine. I tend to use O402 for RF signal stuff. Don't forget that there is the Imperial O402, which means the metric is 10.05. And by selecting that small size, it actually limited the ranges already because it's like you're not going to get, you know, a 10 microfarad cap in O402. And then with tolerance, what I normally would want is to only pick C0G or NP0 tolerance, but they don't have that here and so they do this by like percentages and stuff. So what I want is pretty much anything that's, you know, I don't want it to be 20%, it should be 0.25% or less tolerance variation. Now I can actually look at the capacitance ranges. So they have one that's 0.05 picofarads to 0.075, that's too small. They have 0.1 to 22, which is kind of small, but that's still within my range. I want kind of like 1 to 10. This range looks good. This one's too big and this one starts too high. So, you know, these two are too low and these two are too high. So like this is a nice start. So let's apply and see what's available. So there's a couple of ones available. Not surprisingly, there's ones that are from each company. So Murata, you know, makes a kit point, you know, it's C0G, you can see in the photo, 0.1 picofarad to 5 picofarad. That's a nice looking kit. I actually thought that there's a couple kits I thought that were nice, but this one was not too bad. It had some, it kind of has a mix of both small. I like doing the lookover because you can see it goes from 0.2 picofarad, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2, 2.2, 2.4, 2.7, 3, 3.6, 4.3, 4.7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, you know, so it's like, it's kind of like larger, goes to 30 picofarad. This one has many, many more values. It has like every 0.1 or 0.2 value up to 6.8 picofarads. This is actually the kit I ended up thinking I'm going to get. Another thing about this kit that I like is it only goes up to 6.8 picofarad. And I tend to be dealing with 2.4 gigahertz, which is like the range I want. What I would first do, if you're not sure, if you're using other frequencies, look at a common Pi network for that antenna, like 50 Hertz-ish, and see what the range of capacitor values are, because you might need larger caps as you go to lower frequencies. These are all good kits. Some are going to be, like this one also looks really great. This one's a Digi-Key brand one from Tyro-Yudin. 25 values, 10 pieces each. 10 pieces is a smallish number, I think, just in case you're doing a lot of soldering and desoldering. Because honestly, the O402s, I kind of lose half of them. Like I grab them with my tweezers and they fly off. So that said, I think this one's a good one, S402TS. So I would pick this one, grab one of these, and then I'm going to use this as I tune this Pi network on the ESP32 Pico. All right, and that is this week's Great Search.


Hi everyone in this tutorial, I'm going to be showing you how to draw a spiral hexagon in Python using turtle graphics. In order to do that, I'm going to import the turtle module, then I'm going to use six colors to draw this hexagon. Each side is going to have a different color. I'm going to use six predefined colors and put them in a list of colors. We're going to draw all this with a turtle pen. I'm going to save this turtle pen in a variable called sketch. And also I'm going to set turtle's background color to black. Now let's create a for loop to draw 300 sides of hexagon. That's mean 50 hexagons. In each iteration, we're going to draw a line with a different color. So each side of our hexagon is going to have a different color. Then we're going to set the size of our pen. After each 100 iterations, our pen is going to be bolder by two pixels. Then we want to go forward in each iteration by one more pixel. And in each iteration, after the drawing offline is done, we're going to rotate our pen by 59 degrees on the left. Okay, now let's run the code. And as you can see, there is a spiral hexagon. That's all in this tutorial. Don't forget to subscribe to our channel and like this video. See you in the next tutorial. Happy coding.


In this presentation, we will record the journal entry to issue common stock when cash is not received. We're going to issue the common stock and receive equipment instead, so issuing common stock for non-cash assets. The information will be on the left side. We're going to record the journal entry here in the general journal. Then we'll post it not to the general ledger, but to a worksheet. Here's our beginning balance. This is where we will post it. Here's our ending balance. This will give us a quick look at the effects on the accounts as well as the effect on the accounting equation. We've got the assets in green, we've got the liabilities in orange, the equity in light blue, the revenue and expenses in dark blue. We can see that we're in balance because the debits are non-bracketed or positive for Excel, and bracketed or accredited for Excel are credits. Debits minus the credits equals zero. That's what the green zero indicates. So net income is showing here at this time. This is just going to be a very short trial balance to give us an idea of something in balance so that we can see the effect. It really is helpful for us to see a balancing mechanism and actually post these journal entries to something to a trial balance so we can see the effect on it and the effect on the accounting equation. We of course are going to be focusing here on the equity section for a corporation. That's what typically differs for a corporation and that will be broken out in terms of looking at common stock, paid in capital for common stock, and then the retained earnings, not what we're focusing on here, but noting that the retained earnings is the accumulation of the revenue, less any distributions to the owner's dividends, and the common stock represents how much the owners have invested in terms of capital investment. Okay, so we're going to go over here. We're going to say that there's 20 issued 20,000 shares of $5 per stock for equipment valued at $150. So this is similar to just if someone wanted to buy into the corporation. Remember this is different from trading because we're not buying from another individual like a stock trade typically would be. We're buying stock from the corporation and rather than giving the corporation cash for that stock, we're just giving something else of value, in this case, equipment. So to do that, we need to kind of know the value of the equipment that we're giving so that that'll determine basically the market price of the stock. And that's really the confusing component here. And it may actually work the other way around. We might know the market price of the stock because it's exchanging possibly on a market exchange. And therefore, the negotiation process might tell us basically what the equipment cost is. But in any case, there's a market transaction happening here. And therefore it's going to determine the market transaction will determine or tell us what the prices of the equipment and or the market price of the stock. That will differ then from the par value, the par value just being an arbitrary number that we assign to the stocks in order to standardize them. So to record this first, we're going to say, well, is cash affected? Quit. And the answer for the corporation, no, we didn't get cash. We sold it for equipment. So what did happen is that we got another asset. We got equipment. What did we get? Equipment. Equipment is also an asset. It's got a debit balance. We need to go up. So we're going to do the same thing to it. Another debit. So I'm going to copy the equipment in F8, right-click and copy. We'll put that up top in B2, right-click and paste 1, 2, 3. The values. We could type that in there as well if we so choose. The amount is just going to be the market value of the equipment. So they're going to typically give that in a problem. We'd have to figure out what that would be in practice. And if our stock is traded on the exchange, then whatever we determine, that might help us to determine the market price of the equipment. So we're going to say the equipment is worth 150,000. Then we're going to credit something. Now we're going to credit something in the capital section as we would just if we invested equipment in a sole proprietor or a partnership. But this time we're going to issue stocks. So it's going to be some type of stock issuance that is going to be given for that equipment. That's going to be the common stock. So it's a credit balance representing what is owed to the owners. We're going to make it go up by doing the same thing to it, another credit. So I'm going to right-click on the common stock, right-click and copy. Put that in B3, right-click and paste 123 or we can just type it in there. The tricky thing is that it's not going to be a credit of 150,000. Why? Because there's a par value. And the par value is just going to be a standardized value. So it's not going to change with the market price. When we sell the stock, we're going to sell it for whatever we can. And therefore whatever equipment, as much equipment as we can get, we're going to sell it for that because that's what we do on the market price. The par value will just give us a standard number so that it will standardize this number. So all we're going to do on the par value is take the 20,000 shares we issued times five. And that'll be the 100,000. So I'm going to do that with a calculation here by saying rather than equals negative 20,000 times five. And that'll be the negative 100,000. The difference between the 150 we got in value for the equipment and the 100,000 is 50,000, what we need as a credit here in order to be in balance. I'm going to do that with our negative sum function, which is the plug formula, negative SUM, double-click the sum function, highlight the 150 to the 100. And that'll give us the 50,000 as a negative, the 100 and the 50 now of course equaling the 150 debit. What accounts should that go to? Additional paid in capital. So remember that, remember that these two represent what has been given to the company. So in terms of a capital investment and that's different. We're going to break that out differently here unlike we do in a partnership or sole proprietor to what has been earned less what has been distributed in terms of dividends. So the retained earnings is what still remains in terms of earnings over and above what was initially invested. These two common stock additional paid in capital represent what was initially invested. Why do we need two accounts to give that? Because the par value will standardize those common stocks so that we can know exactly from this number how many stocks were issued by dividing it by the par value. And the additional paid in capital will just represent whatever was paid over and above that par value because that will change with the market price as the market price changes. So this is going to go up. It has a credit balance. We're going to do the same thing to it. Another credit. We're going to copy this sale or this in F12, right click and copy. We're going to put that in B4, right click and paste, 1, 2, 3. There's going to be an hour journal entry. We post this out now. So here's the equipment account on our journal entry. Here it is on the trial balance. We're going to be here in H8 where we will say equals point to that 150,000 bringing the zero balance up by 150 to 150. Here's the common stock. We're going to be down here on common stock, something's in it already. This is not the initial stock offering where we're issuing more stock at some point in the future from the initial stock offering. We're going to say equals and point to that 100,000 bringing the 500,000 up by 100,000 to 600,000. Then we're going to go to the paid in capital right underneath. Here's the paid in capital on the journal entry. Here it is on the trial balance. We're here in H12 where we will say equals point to that 50,000 bringing the 60 up by 52, 110. Note that the equipment went up. No effect on net income, however, even though we got something of value, we got equipment. The company did not earn any revenue to get that equipment. What they did is give out some capital, some earning potential in the company. The ownership went up or the amount that's owed back to the owners in essence went up. That's going to be our transaction. We're going to go then over here and take a look at just the equity section of the calculation of equity in like more of a financial statement format where we would see this kind of confusing component in terms of the wording. We have to say that the common stock, there's $5 par common stock. This is the amount that was authorized, meaning they have the ability to issue up to 150,000 shares. How many are issued and outstanding? We can find that by looking at our numbers here. We can say, well, there's $600 worth of common stock divided by the par value, which is $5 means 120,000 are issued and outstanding. That's what's useful about that kind of symmetry, 120,000. Then if we go over here, we're going to put in M10. We're going to take this amount, put it in M10, so that's going to be, I don't want to credit. We want it to make it positive. They're going to say negative of that number and enter. Then we're going to do the additional paid in capital. We're going to put that here in M11. Once again, rather than equals negative of that number and enter, going to sum them up on the right side in M11 by saying equals SUM, double click the sum function, highlight the 600 and the 110 or 710. Then we'll just pull over the retained earnings, retained earnings, which we're not really dealing with in this problem. They would be affected by the accumulation of net income or closing net income out to retained earnings. We're going to say negative of this number. Then if we sum this up, it'll be the sum of these two, we're just adding these two up, 710 plus 658, that will be the total there. I'm going to fix this real quick so our accounting equation works up top. There is that. This is going to be our equity section. This is what would be owed to if it was just one owner. You can think of that. If all of this corporation was owned by one person who owned all the corporate stock, then this would be like the net value. In other words, it equals the assets minus the liabilities, $1,368,000. How do we know who to pay that to? We know who to pay that to just by how many shares they have because all the shares are equal, meaning if we liquidated the company, sold the equipment, paid off the liabilities, we would have $1,638,000 if we sold for that would be the book value if everything worked out perfectly. Then we could just pay that in accordance with the shares basically because all the shares, if there's only common stock shares, are all the same. That's the beauty of the corporation versus a partnership where of course we have to track each individual partner's capital account because how much will be owed to the partners will differ and the only way we know that is by tracking their capital account. With a corporation, how much is owed to the owners will differ, but the way we know that is that they just own more or less stock, which is just like kind of owning more or less dollars. They're all standardized units. That's going to be one of the principal differences in the equity section between a corporation and something like a sole proprietorship or partnership.


Ladies and gentlemen, I want, first of all, to welcome all of you to this meeting, especially to Madame Azulay, General Director of UNESCO, Vice-Chair of this Commission, and to the new members of the Commission that are with us today. As the Commission was formed to create conscience in the governments and the society of the importance of the network and the broadband, like the nervous system of the new civilization that has a exponential growth and have been driving charges, driving changes, uses and speeds of the broadband. We were talking at the beginning of 51 megas, 5 megas, broadband began with 250 kilobytes before the dialogue was 56 kilobytes, and now we are talking about 100 megas. This is a big change and it's growing. Broadband was only available on those times in landline of the fixed telecom, and there were some pessimism about the possibility and the profitability of mobile and wireless broadband. Today, both are part of all the networks. In the evolution of this broadband, the short messages begin to disappear or getting very small. Voice is flat and in some way it's going down, fixed lines are also going down or flat. We have a big grow in video that make data expansion and use of the data expansion with astronomical numbers. Today still the number of data in the fixed lines in the fixed networks are higher than mobile and mainly because of Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi has been also a big supporter to the networks of mobile to make the conduction of many of the data and the demand of the network through the fiber optic and the Wi-Fi. Right now with the 4.5G and the 5G that is coming, speed and the expansion will be still very big. We are just in the beginning of all these developments and we will have big changes with the internet of things that is coming every time, advancing every day in this way. The speed and the volume and the new applications of internet of things will be maybe still not commensurable but very big. We have still many rural areas without connectivity and I think that's one of the big changes that we have in the world, in the society, in our countries but also like a responsibility and one of the challenges of this commission. We still have many rural areas without connectivity and it is necessary that government and regulators take conscience and actions of the importance of the universal connectivity. The main obstacles are limited and expensive spectrum, so some aggregate value taxes, special taxes for telecommunications in some countries, taxes in the importation of equipment and handsets and the problem that has not made it more possible is that the smartphones were very expensive. We have followed how the handsets have been go down. First the digital handsets were over $100, then the smartphones were also over $100. Now we are having smartphones at $50 and as much as it will follow in this direction we can have connectivity because connectivity is not enough if we have the network. The network is necessary and it's the main investment but also we need that the people and the population can have the smart handsets to use this network. I think it's one of the points that should be pushed strongly to make it feasible as soon as possible. Broadband is transforming all sectors and activities of our society. We need to make that everyone shares the benefits of the digital society. In the world that we are, the things that we are working in this commission there are, that you know, a few working groups and they are some of them concluding the reports. We will have some of this information during this meeting session. I am clear, I think we are clear that we need that governments and regulators make of the universal connectivity the main priority and target. It's very important that they be clear that it is the main priority of a modern society to give the priority to this universal connectivity. I thank you all of you for coming and I hope we have a very productive session. Thank you very much.