So as I tweeted out a few minutes ago, or an hour ago, so after watching this conference for the last couple of days and participating in other things, I really think the conversation style, it just does make a huge difference. And from what I'm hearing, somebody talks for about five or 10 minutes, that's enough to keep everyone engaged and then for people's engagement to stay there and then switching to some kind of conversation or back and forth really helps. So I don't have another person to work with today. So I'm gonna find a way to work with, we'll either add people in if you wanna come in or we'll do it from the chat channel. And if after we get there, we'll see. I'm hoping that there's enough engagement for that. So there is a YouTube video and I think we can, I'll reach up there and see if I can pin it, so I can replace and pin it. So I'm gonna do that. And yeah, so feel free to check that out any time or share it with any people. It's literally the same stuff. I've given this talk a few times in different forms. I did this at Bosdom earlier this year, not directly, but just let a workshop and then a birds of feather session and a talk at scale over this year. So again, this was all just gathering momentum towards working on something. So let me go forward and I'll spend a couple of minutes talking about what this thing is and where we're at with it. So in general, we had this vision for the guide and there's some history of how we got here. And then I'll, so I won't take too long on that. I'll talk about what we are here today and then what's coming next. And I will remember to slow down. So the what here is what are we really trying to do? And it started out by wanting to create a community management best practices guide for open source practitioners. And practitioners is a nice broad term. It's not saying, oh, if you're not people whose job it is to be a community manager, air quotesy, but anybody who cares about how we practice open source software and the development of that. And then also to make sure that it's written by and from the experience of those practitioners. And this can be practitioners of many levels. Some of the, we have contributions into this process so far from people who are new to open source and their new questions pointed out the holes in our outline, for example, and created new content to be made there. So just like anybody comes along can help fix the documentation and so forth. And then in this process, we're actually creating a community of practice to maintain and grow the guide. A community of practice might be a new concept to some of you. In general, it's a way that academics and so forth has studied how corporations and organizations broadly, let's put it that way, whether a loose organization or a tight organization have developed communities of people, meaning people who get along in a friendly interpersonal manner who are focusing their community energy towards getting better at the practice of something.  And so that's a model of what we do in the open source software community. We're always trying to improve what we're doing and the practice of whatever software we're trying to create. And in this kind of meta community here is to focus in on the best practices or how to foster and maintain those communities. So these two things are happening at the same time which is something that I was always hoping was gonna happen. So going back to a little over 10 years ago, we set out to deal with the fact that we were always answering the same kinds of questions and the questions of, and those questions included not just what we should do for an open source and how you do something in terms of how you make a decision in open source or what's good governance or how do you deal with difficult situations with users and so forth, but to include the why. Like why do we think this practice versus a different practice is important. And then to write down those things that we say all the time. But in the last decade, there's been a more of an evolution in open source development practices. Lots of things are better understood and there's always a chance to improve what we're doing. So in general, we have this kind of top level guide and this gives you the viewpoint of the perspective or the opinion of the people who are working on this which is that it's always good to start by understanding what we mean when we say community and open source community. And then the belief is that the way we grow in open source community is by taking care of users. That users are the ones who are going to take the software to a new level, help you find new things about it just by the fact and just by their excitement in using it and some of them will become participants and some of them will become contributors. If you set out with this goal of just going straight to the contributors, it's a lot more of a difficult process. It's sort of for the code over the wall and hope that the contributors come along is a challenge. So the model that we promote is this one of like software wildly successful with users and the participants and the contributors will come along if you lower the barriers appropriately for them when they get there. And all of that talk about measuring success and avoiding pitfalls from mistakes. And so this is the outline of the guide that we are working on and this guide has been informed by these communication and these conversations that we've been having over the last year. I mean, as we began working on it. So there's been some evolution in that. And here I'm not really going to spend a lot of time getting talking about the outline but we have a number of chapters and we have a GitHub repository that we've been doing all the work in in terms of where the latest really is at. So I can spend a few minutes after this presentation and show that, you know, show where we are in the GitHub repo and explain why we're using all this tooling and so forth. The, but the basic outline that we've got, you know, just gets into a little bit more deeply. But one thing I wanted to highlight here is actually three different pieces, the new and to be done pieces. So out of a conversation at scale, somebody suggested that we turn all of these, this big massive guide into a quick start checklist for communities that are smaller. You know, two or three people may be starting something. Just want to make sure they're heading in the right direction. So that's an example of just a good question from an audience turning into something that's going to become a nice work output to get picked up, right? And this wasn't just a question from the audience. It was part of a communication, part of a discussion of a source and while we were doing this in a Birds of a Feather workshop. And then on the way we realized we had a, you know, we're missing some content around project communication and that came up with something that worked that was happening downstream in Red Hat and that content got upstreamed into the open source way to help form the basis of that chapter. And then the, some new content has come to us from another public, another book series, the O'Brongan Organization, and they had a chapter that didn't quite fit their outline on inclusive communities and material fit a whole that we had in terms of not discussing and not having discussed, you know, clearly discussing how we're going to handle inclusive communities and wanting to make sure that comes right up front in attracting users. If they're very beginning, you want to be, you want to be inclusive from that very beginning point so people can come and get in the project and know that it's self-suffer they can use and adopt. And that's one of our preview chapters and we're going to be doing a preview release within the next month of several chapters that are ready to go. And so you get a chance to actually see what the content looks like and actually have some useful things that come from it and help maybe possibly see yourself or somebody you know, writing one of the other chapters that we still have a writer for. So it's an open source project. We're going to hit a milestone and we're going to lease what we got and we're going to keep moving forward. So then a chapter on guiding participants and talk about, you know, what motivates people that's a preview chapter ready to go. And growing contributors, talking about what a contribution is, making sure that people really understand how we bring people into the contributors and governance and so forth. And these are all that, which is another preview chapter. So people can understand, you know, when you come into a project you can know how you get successful, how you progress forward in the project and so on. And the measuring success and so, you know, discussing metrics, what's how the community look like and then avoiding the pitfalls, you know. And in there we have some new content around community management, self-care, and then a place to talk about all these various wide stories that don't necessarily fit anywhere, that are modular, they can fit in various places. There are stories that illustrate several points and are useful to refer to from different parts of the book. So this is just really the way that this community has decided how to organize this information to get it out into the world. And we're using an ASCII Doc workflow, or ASCII Doc using a GitHub workflow. And primarily we started here, we went to GitHub because it's a place where a lot of potential contributors are and it's a tool that can allow us to do open source practice about having the discussions about the content stay with the content. So we're not having people hop all over the place, we can really have this kind of focus conversations like the way a code and patch management process might work. And our best practices as a community or what we recommend to people is, you know, taking care of being locked into platforms and so forth. And so it's something that we'll always keep on mind is, you know, it's not that we're tying ourselves to GitHub as the only way to do things, it's how we're getting this next version of the guide out. Well, as a community, everyone will, we've continued to review what tools we use and where we host and so forth. So this is just us being both pragmatic and following our own advice, which is to be pragmatic and follow our own advice. It's a recursive thing, you got to love it. I'm going to skip this, we'll go look at the GitHub repo later. And then in general, aside from what's happening in the GitHub repo, we have some meta discussions on the form and mailing list. It's pretty light right now because we're really focusing in on the book and those things are about that. But it's become pretty obvious that we're, you know, that we became obvious in the last number of months that we've really got a community of practice here. And we do have content that's come into the community that may not directly fit into this guide and we're looking at this, how we can be growing in knowledge based stories and best practices that right now, for example, where those of us in Red Hat's open source program office when we work on materials that we think could fit into the upstream or fill a hole here, we work on those materials in a way that they can go get be directly upstream so that they may be there a white paper or I don't know exactly what's the best term for it now but just some two pager that explains like the basics of open source governance may have, would have its origins in a much longer piece up in the open source way about open source governance and those things have got a direct correlation. Move content upstream and downstream, it's different than code because of the way that ideas get conveyed and style and so forth comes along. So we're trying to learn how to work with that in a sort of new way. This is a screenshot of what the mailing list is like. So where it lists dot the opensourceway.org can type all this stuff in if it really helps what we're using. We're using, so we're using mailman three which has a web interface. So you can use your email interface or the web form interface. It works really smooth. I'm super happy with it. I go back and forth all the time. Sometimes I'll type one, you know, literally in the same discussion over a time of the period. So right now what we've got is a project, project dynamic of us trying to focusing on getting the content done and then, and I'll touch upon this a little bit, but the goal is to mix up and shake up, you know, kind of blow up the governance, do something different. Do the people who've come along and created the book will decide what the governance is. But for now I'm the project lead and it's just in, I'm just keeping this thing moving. That's the main thing I do and I'm writing some stuff and I'm editing and so forth. Brian Profit is our lead editor and I'm really rely upon his expertise and focus on good pragmatic editing and definitely helps keep me in, steer on the right path. Sean McCance is our lead writer and he gets to work with writers especially in the development phase if they need somebody to work with and help think through the content and then also tooling and how to get things done.  And then the team of us all support each other in that. So I might be working with you directly as your editor slash co-writer person to help you out or it might be Sean or it might be Brian or it might be Brian or so forth. And then we've got a growing writing team. Some of the chapters I mentioned earlier Gordon Half was the author on the intrinsic value and contributions chapter and Ashley Nicholson, Ray Pike, working on content around community management self-care and metrics and so forth. So we're getting, it's a great way to track some of the answers here. Work on this chunk of something that you have some interest around and then helps, it's a great way of pulling people into the community. So we're having really good mad conversations. And just really quickly so you can have an idea of what it's like to, what it takes to, if you've got interested in working on this content, you go into GitHub and there's an issue related to each chapter and I said we can look at this in a few minutes. So each chapter is an issue assigned to it. So all the content and work just happens in that issue. And you can just, you go into that issue and you put in your suggestion for an outline. If you need to discuss bigger ideas and stuff with the mailing list is there for you as well. Once your outline is approved, one of the editors says, well, it's great. Let's go forth. Then you work on the content via the Git repo. You use your own editor and so forth working in ASCII doc. And then it moves through the process and there's basically a pull request that happens at each step. So first you get your initial outline or your initial draft just is pulled into the main branch and then as each editors move things along choosing who has the pen from draft review to developer review and subject matter review and so forth. We deal pull request process. So we've got a chance to track the discussion around that, that each step and so forth. So there's a two, I was gonna say to a large degree, to a very large degree. We are making up the process of how we are writing content and work flowing it by mapping and editorial work publishing process on top of GitHub. And it so happens that the open organization is working on a book at the same time, using the same process. We've got several people in common across this two groups. So we're sharing, doing type knowledge sharing. As a group there are farther along in terms of their experience of creating books. They've worked as a group and they're on their sixth or eighth book by now, something like that. But we're all brand new at working on the stuff in GitHub. So once we're done here, there will be something to do to help teach people about how you can use GitHub to do this. And I've got to finish up because I promised myself I wasn't gonna talk for more than 10 minutes. It looks like I might be already getting into 15. So we're working on the editing workflow. We're basically creating things a little bit as we go. September, a preview release coming 2.0, release in December. I mentioned that the governance, we're gonna be blowing that up. So as soon as we're done with the book roll, the community will decide for itself what it thinks. And I'm gonna leave this slide up for right now and I'm gonna stop tacking. And I'm looking to see if there's any questions that have come up in chat and just open up and just open up for some conversation. And I'm also gonna pull up the GitHub repo so I can show you actually, I'm gonna switch over to that. What the workflow looks like. So I have never really tried to compress all of that, that quickly in there, I might have skipped some bits. So let me know, does that make sense? What questions do folks have? What do you have interest in using content like this? Just as is like, hey, I can just point it to people and say, great, here's how you do it and why you do it. And is there any value in this content being something that you might pull into your organization and you might start like a quick primer from this content, be able to go and grab it, because we're trying to write it with a certain sense of modularity in mind, but we're definitely not there all the way. See if I can stop this screen share and switch my screen share to something else. Okay, great. I have a slightly difficult time figuring out the selecting my window and hopping to share. Which one is actually the, I guess the one just to add a title. Okay. I'm going to, I'm going to make it wide and then increase the font and it's a little bit. Yeah, okay. So what I wanted to show, which is for, which is another kind of interesting aspect of this, I think, which is really the workflow that we're doing. So we've set up a number of columns that define the stages of the workflow. So we have an outline that has a number of chapters, right? And each, yeah, I get confused with the terminology around section and chapter all the time. So I'm probably going to confuse that out. But if we look at the outline, which I can do up here in, I'll do my point of the outline itself, let's go. So each one of these areas, so introductions and tracking users, this is a chapter, I think in our parlance. I keep calling that a section, these sub things, a chapter and, or maybe they are chapters, I forget. But each one of these sub points is a unique item. Like why do people participate in open source? You know, that's a chapter basically. And when we come back over here in editorial, and this is, I'm going to go all the way to the right because that's one, a chapter that's, has been all the way through the other process and it's 100% complete. That's a good one. Let's go on today. Okay, there we go. And yeah, oh, it looks like the issue needs to be reopened. So, or maybe it's not, but the issue's closed. So there's a, what was my point with this? Yeah, so there's a direct correlation. Each one, there's an issue that's created for each of the items that's in the outline. And then that way, so the issue stays open until that, and that's why that issue is open. Or closed, excuse me, because the issue stays open until something is in, you know, is completed. Although it will close. I mean, if it closes, if the issue gets closed for any reason, we just reopen it. And then now I'm kind of using a mix of GitHub and publishing content here. So this is, I don't know how useful this is in terms of people's understanding what we're doing, but there's a piece of content that needs to be written. It's an introduction for a chapter on community fundamentals. You know, kind of the one-on-one of what a community is, right? And if I open up the full issue, pop over to it. It's a place that, it holds all the conversations in the comments and all the details about it and so forth, just like any other issue would have. We've got it marked against a milestone of 2.0 and it's got some labels. You know, it's saying that it's a chapter, saying that it's part of the editorial board and that it's introductory material as opposed to contributor-oriented material. So if we're, so this is a piece of material that's also to be assigned. So if you come in here or somebody comes in, it's fairly straightforward or clear once you decipher what's going on, that this column on the left is the material that's to be assigned. And you can look through and say, oh, here's something interesting. I'd like to write a section on guiding or a chapter on the types of participant contributions. You know, I know it's more than just code, right? So what is all of that and so forth. And it may be, and it may be that this is something that is written with several people who break it up into different parts and so forth. Excuse me, so there's a lot of opportunities to collaborate with people who are at different levels as well. Some people may, we were talking with somebody yesterday who might have some of their people who are new to open source go through and help create the content about new to open source. So that they're helping write something and contribute it into here that is from their direct experience right now with those of us who have a little more experience coming in and editing and helping fill in the blanks on it. So then once something has been assigned, there's, we have criteria for moving between each of these columns in order for a chapter, well, to move between the columns going from assigned to drafting and so forth. They're along in the way in here, there's going to be an actual file that's going to be brought in as a merger request, as a pull request by the author and this is going to be an ASCII doc file that's going to be the content of their, their first draft of their chapter. So they're in their drafting moment here. And when, so Ray, for example, is working on community metrics, that chapter is, oh, it is, I think by Monday is probably going to be ready to shift in, if not by the end of today. There was a little bit more stuff that was going to happen for it, I think, and then it'll be shifted over and that's going to be done by pull request. And when the pull request happens, you can see it's a link to pull request, which is the update for it. Once that's all done, the, it will close the issue, which will then reopen. That's just one of the side effects of this. And it'll move over to the draft review column, which means that it's ready for an editor to go in and kind of take the pen and make a draft review. And here's what, you know, here's what, does this draft got all of the basics to be a chapter? Or there are big sections that say to be written, in which case we say, you know what, this isn't really a draft, it's pre-drafting. Why don't you take it back and finish this first? Once we've confirmed that it's got the same stuff, the editor makes a pull request and it gets moved to the development edit and so forth. Development edit is really going through and saying, should this section be here? Is there a section missing? Can you do some figures to describe this? You know, it's really thinking and help develop the chapter to be at another level. We have subject matter expert reviews, which you would do in any time when we have something significant. In this case, we have two or three chapters that I think are, can really do reviews from outside of the subject matter experts that are part of this community already. Much of this content, we are the subject matter experts kind of, so we might as well just, you know, we don't have to go too far. But everything's read by a couple of editors to make sure that it all gets through that new level. And in this whole process, we really are learning about how we want to manage content and think about things as a community of practice. So just in the, for example, yesterday, we had a discussion about the metrics chapter and the Chaos Foundation, I believe is the right, C-H-A-O-S-S, is a group that's working on real details around community metrics. And we share some people who work on this project, also work in that. But there seems to be like, there must be some delineations between, obviously we have some things to say about metrics. And so our chapter here is focused on things like, the kinds of things you would do if you were going to evaluate a project and find out how you would decide what metrics to track for that project, right? And that seems to me like it might be a reasonable thing for this community as a community of practice to say, we're gonna help you with the practice of figuring out what you wanna track for your community. And once you get an idea what the five or 10 or dozen things are, this community over here really has got all the stuff to get deeper into that. Thank you, Ruth. And so these are amorphous things that are really only, when I referred earlier about the evolution in the last 10 years, these are the kinds of things that have evolved. And 10 years ago, there wasn't even a single place to have all of these discussions really. And we tried to do that and it really wasn't kind of ripe for that. We had some material there, it was good. But this clearly takes things to a different level. So these are the things that we're sort of discovering as we're creating this stuff. And we can have that, okay, great. Next year, we'll think about that. Right now, we know we're doing the right thing by writing this content. It seems to fit into our process really nicely. And another, the standard copy edit, make sure everything's really clean and to bring it out. So there are several chapters in here. I'm gonna click on the preview chapter tag. And so you can see that we have several chapters in here that we're planning to bring out in the preview release. And as long as everything, yeah, so it's just bringing those things over the, it's just like with any community, getting yourselves to the next point, making that decision and saying, okay, we're gonna do this and we're gonna push forward and make that particular thing happen.  I would like a better metaphor than that, but that's what occurs to me. So in all of this, and I just wanna refer back around to something that I think that has come up a lot that is a really strong interest to me personally and to those of us working on the project I think as well, is that we've sort of designed for ourselves to a degree what we think it was like, what we could think of as the perfect upstream community for us to place all of this, how you do open source stuff knowledge. And by perfect, it doesn't just mean perfect for everyone at Red Hat, because what we know from our experience is that working with a community that is diverse from many perspectives, the people in it come from many different backgrounds, have many different life experiences, don't look like each other, don't act like each other and they're organizationally diverse. So organizations of different types and size coming in and bringing their perspective on how we do things, it's a really important way to actually, I've had these ideas that do the best in circumstances, lift to the top, the best ideas thing. And so for us, we would know like if we just created something that was really Red Hat centric, we would be cutting off the blood supply, the oxygen for that to be able to grow to be something even bigger. And which would then benefit us even more, right?  Again, that perfect word, right? So, and part of this is because it's gonna be modular, it has to be to fit the needs of the community of folks who come along for this. And by modular, what I mean is again, referring back to what our open source program office does, we've got some materials that we could point to that are out on redhat.com that talk about like the governance is a good example that comes to mind right away. Where the source material is here in the open source way, the chapter written by several of our community architects, longstanding experience people, that same content is now that that's the upstream for this content that is put out under the redhat brand and spoken that way. And there's a direct, I don't know exactly what's the right word here, but there's a direct relationship between those particular pieces. And it may not even be that when you look at one and the other you say, oh, you know, because we don't wanna set off any plagiarism alarms or anything too, I guess, right? I don't know, we're exploring this as a whole new experience of how do you, like how do you do things right and not ruin your search engine optimization, I guess. So, and the expectation is that if we find this to be useful, you might find it to be useful. It may be that for your organization, you've got, you bring in 100 new developers every year who are brand new to open source. And if you could have, if you could create your own comic book or super tight book that just so showed the 10 things you need to know to get started and you give that to every new hire orientation and the two months later you came along with the 25 more things you need to know or whatever. And the source for all of that comes from the open source way. So you're not having to go and create the material manually yourself. You're not having to like to double check, is this really the right way to do it? Should we be doing that? And then really importantly, you've got that source of the reasons why. But because what resonates with other people, I think it bears out is having hands-on experience with something or that vicariousness like, oh, why did you do that? How did that happen? Like, oh, that was terrible. Oh, no wonder you do it that way. Yeah, let's make sure that doesn't happen again. Oh, what a wonderful outcome because you did it that way. We'll make sure we do that and learn from that. And then come back and tell you how it was and see if there's something better that comes in. So that's the best thing to me about a community of practices that it's a conversation that's ongoing. And it's a way of capturing that conversation that's meaningful to the people involved in it and meaningful potentially to people who are outside of it. I think that was all the stuff that I had in my mind that I wanted to really get out there one way or the other whether it comes up or not. What are questions and stuff do people have? Or does anybody wanna come in on Mike and ask questions or still anything in chat? If I'm not missing anything. Anything else interesting to show here? All the issues, I'm gonna stop sharing. Okay, well then that says to me that we are done with our engagement and it is time for us to move on to the next cool thing. So how about that? I will get done now and I'll hang out somewhere. I think there's somewhere I can go and hang out for a breakout session for a little bit. And I'm also in the newcomer booth, or should be, I'll make sure I'm back in the newcomer booth in the Expo hall.  It should be the right one, right? Yeah. No, that's not the right one. I want it, I'll throw this up so it's on the screen. Oh, I lost it, it's gone. I lost the popover, it disappeared on me. Oh well. Yeah, it's a bad hit. Well thanks everybody, have a good rest of the conference. Hope to see you at the trivia at the end of the day. And something I said today makes it into the trivia because then it'll be at least one question that get right. Bye.


head of us, and I figured I should save my energy. Seriously, the theme that drives today's forum is instability in the economy and in the environment. The dance performance we saw was inspired by just that theme, and I think it really was a powerful way to start the morning. So let me welcome everyone to the Global Business Forum. We have an outstanding group here at our New York conference with heads of state from over 50 countries and CEOs from a broad range of industries, and I want to give a special thanks to the international partners who help bring us all together. They are listed on the screens around the room, and I want to thank all of you for making time to be here during this busy week. The United Nations General Assembly is in session and we all know how busy traffic and everything else is during UNGA week. In a sense, this forum has become the economic complement to UNGA week, which is focused on geopolitics, but more and more geopolitical issues require geoeconomic thinking and solutions. And let me just mention one example, and it is an issue that frames much of what we're going to talk about today, and that is climate change. Now I know many of the heads of state here attended the UN Climate Summit on Monday. I addressed the summit in my role as Secretary General's Special Envoy for Climate Action, and one of the messages that I delivered was this. If we're going to avoid the worst impacts of climate change, we have to move entirely off fossil fuels and to an economy powered by 100% clean energy. A decade ago, that seemed like a far-off fantasy, but smart government policies, combined with private sector innovation, have driven down the costs of clean energy faster than almost anyone thought was possible. Today, electricity from solar and wind is cheaper than coal powered in a growing majority of the world, even without subsidies from other government support. And that's why this April, the US generated more electricity from renewable sources than from coal for the very first time. And last year, global investments in renewable energy would triple what they were in gas and coal. That wouldn't have been possible without cooperation between the public and private sectors. Now, we still have a long ways to go, and we don't have any time to waste, but we've only scratched the surface of what we can achieve when government and business leaders work together on climate change, and that's the big focus of today. This morning, there'll be two panel discussions featuring public officials and private sector members of the Climate Finance Leadership Initiative. It was an effort we created at the request of the UN Secretary General to help reach the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement. And last week, our group released a report outlining how to speed and scale up investment to transition away from fossil fuels. This morning, we announced a new public-private partnership to bring more climate finance to emerging markets. And I wanna thank the partners in this coalition, all of whom are represented here today. Aliza Global Investors, aka AXA, NL, Goldman Sachs, Japan's Government Pension Investment Fund, HSBC, and Macquarie. All of us can help fight climate change, and we took a number of steps to make this New York conference sustainable. Everything from the signage to the carpets that you're standing on will be recycled and will come composting as much as possible, including coffee cups.  Population and protectionism are injecting uncertainty into the global economy. Trade wars are harming businesses and consumers, and geopolitical risks represent a real and growing threat to people's livelihoods. So today is a chance for influential leaders to share ideas and have conversations that might not happen otherwise. We won't agree on every subject, but in a world that's increasingly polarized, it's critical that leaders in the public and private sectors talk to one another and listen even when we disagree. That's the only ways we're going to be able to solve problems, increase prosperity, and spread the benefits of growth more broadly. So I wanna thank all of you again for being here. Now our first speaker is the leader of one of the world's largest and most dynamic economies, the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi. We know this is an extremely busy week for the Prime Ministers, so we are grateful that he has joined us, and I think he does have a lot to say about how important this audience is, that he has made time to be here. India's economic growth is one of the great success stories of the century. I've gotten to see that growth firsthand and the challenges it brings during visits to India. And Bloomberg Philanthropies has worked with the Prime Minister and partners in India to tackle some of those challenges. And let me give you just a few examples. We've supported the Prime Minister's Smart Cities initiative to make Indian cities greener and more connected, and we've collaborated with Indian cities that are taking bold action to fight climate change. We're working to support his administration's national clean air program to reduce air pollution throughout India. We've supported India's work on making roads safer for everyone, and the Prime Minister deserves a lot of credit for the new national road safety bill that he just signed into law, which will save an enormous number of lives. So I want to congratulate the Prime Minister for taking strong action to protect people from e-cigarettes, which our foundation is also working on here in the United States. The Prime Minister has set ambitious goals for India's future and how to reach them. And I'm glad to announce two new partnerships with Bloomberg that will lead in India. First, Bloomberg will help India navigate the process for gaining inclusion in global market, benchmark indices, so that international investors can access India's bond market. That will help Indian businesses raise funds to invest and grow, and it will help India's government raise funding for infrastructure and public service. Second, Bloomberg will support the development of the international financial services sector at Gujarat International Finance Tech City, also known as GIFT, or the Gift City. Gift City was envisioned by Prime Minister Modi as a 21st century digital connected international financial center and engine for new jobs. To help realize that vision, Bloomberg will host a series of roundtables in India, Asia, and beyond with investors from across the world, and will highlight opportunities for governments and businesses to work together and to bring new investment to GIFT City. We hope this forum will spur more partnerships like these. We're looking forward to seeing what we can accomplish together in India, and we're glad to have the Prime Minister, someone that I have gotten to know very well over the years here with us this morning to share his thoughts about India's future. I hope the Prime Minister enjoyed the dance performance you saw a little earlier. You might say that that was our version of Howdy Modi. Please welcome Prime Minister Modi. Mr. Michael Bloomberg, distinguished guests, friends, global businesses, our economy, and his nerve center, that is New York.  For me, coming from across the world is a matter of life. Bloomberg, global business forum, has given me the hope of India and the expectations and expectations of India and the growth story of India and the future direction of India in order to keep my word. I am very grateful to him. Friends, today in India, we are looking at the government that took five years of work and went among the public, and before that, the public gave him the opportunity to serve again. You are talking about business sentiment in your own language. In this election, 130 crores of Indians did not only give their sentiment, but also gave their judgment that growth is their biggest achievement. And here, business leaders can understand that in the direction of growth, this civil mandate is actually a statement of new opportunities in India. Today, the people of India are standing with the government that does not want to take big decisions to improve the business environment. Today in India, there is a government that respects the business world and respects the wealth creation. Friends, your information will be that a few days ago, we have decided to reduce the corporate tax. This is a very revolutionary step and after this decision, in my business world, all the people I have met who I have met believe it to be a very revolutionary step. During this time, in order to increase the profit, after one after another, the announcement of many decisions has been made by the government. After becoming the new government, even now, more than 50 such old laws have also ended and the progress in development has been improving. Let me remind you again that our new government has not had much time for more than 3-4 months. Today, from this point of view, I want to say that this is just the beginning. Now, a long time has passed. In this journey, in order to partnership with India, this is a golden opportunity for the business world of the whole world. Friends, today, India is in a unique position where our rapid growth enables us to cater to diverse demand. Our people are rapidly defeating poverty, moving up the economic ladder with increasing purchasing power. Thus, if you want to invest in a market where there is a scale, come to India. Our middle class is a huge segment, a huge segment of people who are aspirational and has a global outlook. Thus, if you want to invest in a market where the latest trend and futures are appreciated, come to India. Our youth are one of the largest users of the app economy. From food to transport and from movies to hyper-local delivery, startups are acing everything. Thus, if you want to invest in startups with a huge market, come to India. Our infrastructure creation is expanding at a fast pace, from highways to metros, from railways to ports, from airports to logistics. Each sector is seeing massive investment and tremendous potential. Thus, if you want to invest in one of the world's largest infrastructure ecosystem, come to India. We are rapidly modernizing our cities and equipping them with latest technology and citizen-friendly infrastructure. Thus, if you want to invest in urbanization, come to India. We have opened our defense sector like never before. If you want to make in India for India and for the world, come to India. We are building tens of millions of homes for the poor and middle-class people. This is per se the largest housing efforts in the world. Thus, to invest in reality, come to India. Ladies and gentlemen, on the development of infrastructure in India, as much as our government is investing today, it has never been done before. In the coming years, we are spending 100 lakh crores, approximately 1.3 trillion dollars on the infrastructure of Aaduni. Apart from this, even on the social infrastructure of India, millions of crores of rupees are being spent. In India's growth story, the road map of qualitative and quantitative leap has fallen on the ground. India has set a big goal to make the country a economy of 5 trillion dollars. Friends, in 2014, when we came to the government, the country's economy was around 2 trillion dollars. In the last 5 years, we have invested approximately 1 trillion dollars. And now, we are working to achieve the goal of 5 trillion dollars. Friends, to achieve this big target, we have capability, courage, and conditions with us. Today, the four important factors are the four important factors that are probably the rarest of the rare combinations in the world. These are the four factors, democracy, demographic, demand, and decisiveness. If I talk about the first factor, then there is a chance in India that such political stability has come after many decades. When democracy is a political stability, policy is predictable, judiciary is independent, then the safety, security and growth of the investment is itself. Friends, this growth has the strength of India's demographic dividends. From young and energetic talent pool, India is the world's biggest engineering education base and the most powerful R&D facilities in the world. Innovation and the encouragement India is getting because of America and China, India is the third number in the case of unicons. Friends, the third factor of demand is getting empowered. Purchasing power is increasing. In the same way, demand is also increasing. For example, for the last few years, the growth of air passengers traffic is in double digit. Due to which today India is the third aviation market. Friends, democracy, demographic and demand are the speciality of India today. That is decisiveness. Despite being a diverse and federal democracy, in the last 5 years for the whole of India, seamless, inclusive and transparent facilities have been given power. Where in the first India, the purpose of the tax was to become a part of the business culture of the whole country in the form of a trade market regime. We have done a lot of work in the same way to get insolvency and bankruptcy insolvency and bankruptcy code has been made. The laws related to tax and equity investment to bring tax to the global tax regime we will continue to do it. Apart from tax reforms, the world's biggest financial inclusion has taken place in very little time. Approximately 370 million people, 370 million people have been connected to banking for the first time in the last 4-5 years. Today, every citizen has a unique idea a mobile phone or bank account because in the targeted service delivery Teji came the leakage has been closed and the transparency has increased. Friends, in New India we have deregulation and the importance of de-bottling is the same because of reforms in every global ranking India is doing a better presentation. In the logistic performance index 10 rank jump in the global competitiveness index 13 increase in the global innovation index 24 increase in the global banks in the business index 65 increase in the global banks and friends you all know very well that the rankings are not the same. We have completely improved the ground level and made the rules easy. I would like to give you to take the light connection for many years now within few days the light connection has begun. Similarly many weeks before the registration now in few hours the company registration takes place. Within 5 years what changes came I will give you one example. Within 5 years in India 286 billion FDI has been in India for 30 years total FDI is half 50 percent America has done 50 percent in the last 4 years and this is when in the world the FDI inflow level is increasing. In this another interesting thing is that 90 percent FDI has been automatically polluted and 40 percent has been green-fin investment. If today the investor is confident in India and he is coming for a long time. Friends even in the world there are changes in India. The nation brand tracker 2018 India has been given the first number in Asia according to investment. 7 of 10 indicators political stability currency stability high quality products anti-corruption low cost of production strategic location or respect for IPR India has been number one in all of these. In other indicators we are quite above friends your desires and our dreams match perfectly. Your technology and our talent can change the world. Your skill and our skills can speed up global economic growth. Your prudent method and our pragmatic mind can write new stories in management. Your rational ways and our human values can show the path which the world is looking for and if there is any gap anywhere I will personally act as a bridge. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. I know the audience is interested in a number of issues but let's start with one that the world cares about around the world and that is climate change. You have set one of the most ambitious goals for generating renewable energy and India is now providing wind and solar at some of the cheapest electricity rates in all of Asia. How did you accomplish that? Is India on the track to really meet the ambitious targets that you set? This is the biggest concern that we have and I know that you are committed on this issue and you have a commitment and a conviction. The lifestyle of India is a big example for the world. We are the people who believe that the world is our mother and that there is no right to exploit it. We only have the right to milk it. India is connected with that concern where we understand the need and there is no way to do so. So this is the most important and I believe that the global warming challenge is much more than the government and the people's behavior to bring the world out from this situation. That is why we have to combine human behavior with nature and make it a habit to walk. Secondly, we have set the first goal to reach 175 gigabot renewable energy. I am happy that we are ahead of time and we have already achieved 120 gigabot work. And yesterday when I was speaking in the UN I have set a new target in the future. We will reach 450 gigabot renewable energy. To do this we have taken a policy initiative. Second, incentives are given. Third, we are trying to give the necessary opportunities. We still have nuclear energy. Because we are not a member of energy we do not need fuel supply. If we get that solution then we can work as a model in this area. But a second issue has been raised which is water. India has taken a big initiative of water life mission and we want to do a big research in the country. We also want as per our needs to revive our rivers and our rivers. We have presented single-use plastic and in the country we have run a big movement to discourage the single-use plastic. On the occasion of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi in the country we are doing a very important journey which means we are moving forward in many areas of the world. You talked about plastic, water renewables do you have any expectations of reducing the amount of coal that is burnt in India? This is the only thing that is the third most coal reserve in India. In a poor country like India we will not be able to use it but it has a way to change the stone of mining and do underground mining so that they do not damage the environment. The second best way is coal gasification. With coal gasification clean energy is generated and we invite the world to come with technology so that by coal gasification through that gas whether it is mobility or energy we want to use it. So India does not have this wealth but how to use it environmentally friendly we are giving it. How do you plan to reach that target and will it require additional economic reforms or steps to boost foreign investments? Governance efficiency all these things we will have to combine with a global benchmark so that the world can be happy and confident. So we are doing the reforms in the law with many new initiatives. The second is safety for investors. We should get its return and I believe that there is a difference between democracy and also our judicial system and that too in English. Because of that any investor if there is a dispute then these two things give confidence that it is a democratic system and it is a perfect judicial system and because of being English they do not have the same interpretation which is done by Indians. So the language is doing a very big role so this given situation is our fault. Second we want to take our infrastructure to the next generation. We want to make new airports we want to increase the speed of the railway line we want to electrify we want to give our every family a home meaning in one way infrastructure is our priority. Second is value addition. In the agriculture sector we want to go towards food processing and if we try to India then food can become a basket. We want to give strength towards organic farming because there is a huge market of holistic health care for that we can do a lot of things. There are many facilities in the health sector in India we have just started the world's biggest health insurance America, Canada and Mexico their total population more than that we are giving health insurance to India which means that in my country 2000 new hospitals and hospitals have been built which has government payment so in the health sector there is a huge profit so for investment infrastructure we are going to digital India we have 600,000 villages optical fiber network and digital India this is also going to be an investment we are giving a huge start up today we are on number 3 in the start up ecosystem but we want to go ahead so I think there are many opportunities for youth all our initiatives the result of that initiative is that our economy will increase and our 5 year experience is that we have gone into the past so I don't think it will be difficult and we will definitely reach 5 years in spite of all of the new technology that keeps getting introduced around the world the real key to economic growth is still the workforce and you have a very young workforce half the population is under the age of 25 and that presents real challenges in terms of skill sets and job education especially as the economy around the world rewards more education and high skilled workers how is your administration going to tackle education changes in technology and how can the private sector really help you get it done innovation we have from the primary school level created a huge network of adult tinkering labs we want to give them promotion we want to set up an incubation centre so that the world the world is not going to stop the world will explore new things and maybe in the last 300 years more than that it has been 60 years and in the coming days it is going to be faster so for that to prepare a ground and according to the requirement of talent we want to develop a human resource secondly gradually in the world more skill will increase you have so much ability and that will increase skill development which needs a global workforce that global workforce if India has youth money if youth money can come to the world then according to that requirement we want like it is going with Japan so the way we need a human resource to prepare a human resource to send them there for training to start our institute then we have developed a good model in the coming days the way the world needs a human resource according to its requirement to prepare a human resource to develop skills thirdly the world is going on automation but I believe despite changing the world new job creation new job creation visualizing and according to that changing our syllabus the second problem which is a big initiative I did it yesterday in the UN and maybe it is a matter of your interest and I would like that Bloomberg can help us by joining us we have seen that because of climate change in a very large area we hear the disaster we keep hearing it in such a way we have to give strength to the disaster and the resilience infrastructure a survey of the world says that when big disasters happen then 60 to 70 percent end the established infrastructure they do a lot of damage so to prepare the disaster and the resilience infrastructure this means that syllabus will have to be changed we will not have to bring the material technology will have to be brought and because of global warming the new problems will have to be fixed for the disaster in the coming days there will be a big market there will be a big economic activity we have decided to give birth to the institution yesterday in the UN and as we have started international solar reliance the disaster resilience infrastructure is a holistic view I think this is also a very big challenge for the youth in a world where social media seems to talk about everything that is going wrong and we know that a lot of things are going right we have reduced global poverty by 50 percent in the last three decades how do you and other leaders get a good message out when the press really says that's not what people want to hear they want to hear sensationalism and failure all the bad things and we know that's not true what should a leader do today it's a different world you yourself are connected to the world of media and you always ask the first thing that I can say in the context of India I can't say anywhere else there was a lot of events in our country in Kandahar we had a women hijack and around 100 crores of passengers were there they were kept in a band but at that time there was a new electronic media TV and the people who were worried they flared up their stories that the terrorists who were sitting there started to feel that in India there is so much pressure on the government that now the terrorists will do whatever they want so I remember that the TV people of India had made a meeting and you had directed that how many mistakes we have made how we have improved and I thought it was a good initiative but slowly I see these things have gone away because there is competition and in such a competition to give news quickly to give hot news to give news quickly this is the age of competition so what will be improved there it will be difficult to say Social media is a great power for the government today any news or person can reach so in a way I am seeing a very powerful instrument of democracy in the form of social media but unfortunately in an organized way negative things are being tried it is good that some media has started to publish fake news gradually regular media, social media what is being done with fake news if they give power to it then I think it will be improved secondly the fashion of forwarding I think there will be no solution for technology that if there is any news then there will be no verification then we can stop but I myself am very active on social media I have been active for many years and I have also got its benefits I am seeing that a small incident in a distant village I get to know from social media so I immediately bring the government into action I don't need to state but I am in action so for good governance which should be information from below for that social media is a great power and I believe if there are sensitive governments if there is a good governance then for information social media is a best tool and in the same way as I have come here through social media when I was in Gujarat there is a river there is a river but once once in a year there was a river and even the government machinery was tired but I had a network of social media so I used to do messaging then in the language our messaging was not that good so I used to see Gujarati in Roman Lepi and you would be surprised that once in a year there was a river no animals no people no social media so I believe for good governance social media can be used positively so if in the form of a leader in the form of a government then I used social media in the form of a good weapon and I was trying a lot to thank you for generously giving us your time American Indian relations I hope will continue to improve you've just been re-elected use your time in office wisely we need a strong India and I wanted to thank you on behalf of the American people for all of the people of India in extraction who have come here and changed our business and culture and technology make that better so thank you very much


The African Union Commission and the International Committee of All African Music Awards have received 8,880 entries for the AFRIMA 2021 awards. The figure is a record number of entries since the inception of the awards in 2014. It represents an 8.86% increase over the previous edition. This year's entries were received from 50 African countries and 10 countries from Europe and North America. The organizers say the increase in reach are testament to AFRIMA's position as a platform for bringing Africans together through the instrumentality of music and culture.


Okay, we're back here live in Las Vegas for Amazon Web Services re-invent conference. This is theCUBE. It's our flagship program. We go out to the events, extract the ceiling from the noise. I'm John Furrier, the founder of SiliconANGLE. I'm joined by my co-host Dave Vellante from wikibond.org. And our next guest is Eli Lubic, president of Beamer. Welcome to theCUBE. Thank you very much. Appreciate you coming on. So, your business is media optimization. Talk about your business because, you know, obviously we're doing a live video. We have a YouTube channel. And I was just reading some discussion, conversation we were having online with some other thought leaders around web traffic. And that Netflix and YouTube combined most of the internet traffic these days. But media is a huge thing. Obviously, Instagram was bought by Facebook. Snapchat just to turn down a $3 billion offer. Photos are hot. Photos are the killer app. Videos is going crazy. Everyone's got mobile devices. So, media is a very hot technical market right now. Rights management, all these things. Talk about your business. So, I think that, yes, this is perfect timing to present our business. And our contribution is with media optimization. We have invented a quality measure algorithm that we can attach to standard block-based encoders. Any encoder like JPEG or H264 or H265. And by doing so, we can drive the encoder frame by frame to the minimum possible, yes, to the minimum file size possible before introducing any visible artifacts, visible to human. So, we can optimize, for example, 1080p videos by an average of 50% or more without compromising the quality. We will retain the original quality and the original resolution. So, that's basically our invention. And it can be used in two main usage cases. One is you already have a plan coded library or a website with photos. So, obviously, you will be happy to introduce some savings into your network and storage accounts. But for first and foremost, you will enjoy enhanced user experience. You can imagine, yes, that if you reduce the file size of a photo by 60%, you can accelerate the page upload time three times faster. It will be three times faster, yes. So, user experience is the number one contribution, yes. For you as a publisher or social network or media company or e-commerce company or anyone that is really engaged in rich media, photos and videos. So, how do you play in the clouds? So, I know we've got a tight time schedule for your schedule, but talk about the cloud dynamic. Because, obviously, everyone can relate to how huge video files are in photos. So, talk about how you're interplay with the cloud. Obviously, the AWS, the cloud is the perfect platform for us because it is scalable. And you can imagine, yes, that our process is computational intensive, yes. Let's say, a single instance as processing time for 720p file, one hour, we will need like seven hours, yes, to optimize this one hour of video. Nevertheless, we have a splicer that will allow you to splice the file and run in parallel. And, of course, the AWS, the cloud is the most scalable, the most reliable platform that you can apply massive computational intensive processes. So, this is, of course, very dear to us. We have our product, our photo product available on the Amazon Marketplace, JPEG mini server. It is available also on the Amazon Marketplace. And also, as a Linux executable that you can install in your own Amazon instances. Beamer Video, our new product, the video optimization product, is right now available as an executable that you can install. And as I said before, you can optimize your content or very important or equally important, you can use this technology to enhance, to let's say that you have a budget today, a bit budget to deliver 360P. We will allow you to deliver 480P for the bit price of 360P or deliver 720P for the budget of 480P or 1080P for 720P. So, once again, enhancing the user experience and let's remember, yes, every smartphone today is a full 1080P device. This is the S4 or the new Apple 5S. These are full 1080P devices. So why would you deliver 360P to a 1080P device? So our message is rich media. If your business is social network, if your business is e-commerce, if your business is publishing or media or entertainment, the quality of the visual counts. And you really want to deliver the best user experience possible to any destination. Mobile, landline, fiber, DSL. So Eli, can you explain what your workflow looked like prior to AWS? What was the process like and how did that change? So, basically, we had a very simple Linux executable. You install it, yes, you license the software, $2,500 annual license fee, and that's it. It's a file base, you read a file, you optimize it and write it back, fully transparent to the client. We are within the standard, yes, we didn't invent any new codec system. We are totally within the standard of JPEG and H264. So this was the traditional workflow, yes. You have to install, you have to script it, you have to embed it in your workflow. So that was, and the customer would do that on some high performance workstations? Yeah, exactly, or a private cloud scenario are also possible. Some of our customers are tier one studios and tier one publishers. So, obviously, they have private clouds.  You can accommodate peak time and you can, if you want, very fast turnaround. Of course, as I said before, you can parallel process your files and get very fast turnaround and you don't have to really worry about this very powerful machine. So when was Beamer founded? So Beamer was founded in 2009. And for three years, we were engaged in scientific research only. We started to do business only 18 months ago. Yes, we have 44 international patents and applications. So although the company is four years old, we are still the most kept secret in the industry. So, but, okay, so there was, but am I correct, there was a time where you were not using AWS to complete the process and then you decided, all right, we're going to move to the cloud, is that right? This was primarily when we were in research and development stage. From day one, the AWS seems to be the best platform for us. So we have jpegmini.com, our showcase of our photo technology, the server, the processing power behind this jpegmini.com. Everything, of course, is AWS. Okay, so now you sell this as a service, right? Right now, again, we have the jpegmini on the Amazon marketplace and we have an executable that we license. It's not a service. For a few carefully selected customers, we offered S3 to S3, but right now it's a product that you license, you install it on AWS and use it. Eli, thanks for coming on theCUBE. Really appreciate it. Great to get the entrepreneurs as well here using cloud. I'll say we've been using Amazon. We love it. Dave and I have a great experience of building our crowd chat platform on Amazon. Again, total game changer and again, reliability, costs, user experience. We need it. We need better media engineering out there. So appreciate your time. Beemer, check it out. We'll be right back with this after the short break. Exclusive coverage, Silicon Angle and Wikibon theCUBE, we'll be right back. Thank you very much.