Welcome to Relativity 5c, Twin Paradox, Redux. This video expands on video 5a, and it's assumed you've watched that. Link in the video description. Recall that in the twin paradox scenario, twins are born on Earth. One stays on Earth while the other speeds off, turns around, and returns to Earth. When the twins are reunited, Earth Twin is older than Space Twin. In the case we consider, Space Twin travels at 60% the speed of light. This causes her clock to run slower by a factor of 0.8. As a result, while Earth Twin ages 10 years, Space Twin ages only 8 years. To personalize things a bit, let's name Earth Twin Earl and Space Twin Stacey. Now imagine you are present at the start and the end of the experiment. We'll represent age by the height of the figures. When the twins are born, they are each placed in a space pod. The pods are sealed. Inside, each twin is isolated from the outside world. They can only experience local phenomena inside their pods. You go away. Years later, you return and find the pods in their original places. The pods open, and Earl is 10 years old while Stacey is 8 years old. You want to explain this difference. The only information you have are the twins' accounts of their time in the pods. You ask Earl what happened. He says, When I was born I was put in this pod and the door was closed. Nothing happened for 10 years. The door opened, and here we are. You ask Stacey what happened. She says, When we were born I was put in this pod and the door was closed. Immediately I was thrown against the wall. Then for 4 years, nothing happened. Then I was thrown against the other wall. For the next 4 years, nothing happened. Then I was thrown against the first wall once more. The door opened, and here we are. Now, what do you conclude? Based on the twins' experiences, you might generalize that if twins are put in pods, in one experience's accelerations, then that twin will end up younger than his or her sibling. And you'd be in good company. Here's Richard Feynman's view. From his classic lectures on physics. He first states the apparent paradox as, by symmetry, the only possible result is that both should be the same age when they meet. Then he explains, But in order for them to come back together and make the comparison, one must either stop at the end of the trip and make a comparison of the clocks, or more simply, he has to come back.  And he knows this because he had to turn around. When he turned around, all kinds of unusual things happened in his spaceship. The rockets went off, things jammed against one wall, and so on. So the way to state the rule is to say that the man who has felt the accelerations, who has seen things fall against the walls and so on, is the one who would be the younger. That is the difference between them in an absolute sense, and it is certainly correct. Note that Feynman doesn't say that the acceleration caused the age difference, and video 5a doesn't make that claim either. However, there is no way to implement the twin paradox without accelerating one of the twins, and we are guaranteed that the accelerated twin will end up the younger. In this sense, the acceleration at the midway point is the key event that breaks the symmetry between Earl and Stacey. An interesting way to look at this is in terms of Minkowski's concept of proper time, which is central to the general theory of relativity. It's also an easy way to get numerical values for twin paradox scenarios. Identify two space-time events with coordinates T1, X1, and T2, X2. If a clock moves uniformly between these events, a straight line on the space-time diagram, it will measure an elapsed time delta s equal to the square root of the difference of the square of the change in time coordinate and the square of the change in space coordinate. This proper time will be obtained regardless of the reference frame used to describe the events. In our twin scenario, Earl stays at X equals 0 for 10 years. His velocity is 0, and the proper time of his space-time path is 10 years. On her outbound segment, Stacey moves 3 light-years in 5 years. Her velocity is 3 over 5, and the proper time of her path is 4. On her inbound segment, she again moves 3 light-years in 5 years. Her velocity is minus 3 over 5, and she experiences another 4 years of proper time. Thus, she ages a total of 8 years to Earl's 10. We can clearly see Feynman's rule. Earl followed a straight path through space-time. He felt no acceleration. Stacey followed a path with a kink, a change of velocity, a change of reference frames, and acceleration. She got thrown against the wall of her pod. She ends up the younger twin. Suppose Stacey doesn't accelerate, but moves uniformly to a distance of 6 light-years after 10 years. She will age the elapsed proper time of 8 years. Suppose Earl stays on Earth for 3.5 years. Then he accelerates to a velocity that allows him to catch up to Stacey. The proper time of this second segment is 2.5 years. So Earl ages a total of 6 years to Stacey's 8. Now he is the younger because he is the one who took the kinked path. He is the one who experienced acceleration. To see what's going on in more detail, we need to consider how, at least in principle, a coordinate system can be constructed. Let an observer's position define the origin of a coordinate system, x equals 0. The observer can use an accelerometer to verify that he is at rest in an inertial frame. A second observer, located 1 light-year away, can establish her x equals 1 coordinate by bouncing a light beam off the origin and using a clock to measure the 2-year round-trip time. By continually verifying the 2-year round-trip time, she could demonstrate that she is at rest with respect to the origin. A third observer at x equals 2 can likewise verify his distance from the x equals 1 observer and his state of rest in the coordinate system using light beams and a clock. We can continue this process to place observers at any desired x-coordinate positions. To synchronize the observer's clocks, the origin observer can transmit the ticks of his master clock. After 1 year, the x equals 1 observer will receive the t equals 0 tick. After 2 years, the x equals 1 observer will receive the t equals 1 tick and the x equals 2 observer will receive the t equals 0 tick. To synchronize their clocks, each observer adds their distance from the origin to the received master clock tick. The x equals 2 observer adds 2 plus 0 to get 2. The x equals 1 observer adds 1 plus 1 to get 2 and so on. By synchronizing their local clocks with these results, all their clocks simultaneously have the same reading as the master clock. The same procedure can be used for a set of observers who are traveling with velocity v with respect to the first frame, thereby establishing a second frame of reference. We assume that the origins of all reference frames coincide at time t equals 0. We use three reference frames. Earl remains at rest in the blue frame at x blue equals 0. Blue frame observers are stationed at various x blue values and the blue clocks are synchronized at time t blue. The red frame moves right with velocity v. For her outward journey, Stacey remains at rest in the red frame at x red equals 0. The red clocks are synchronized at time t red. The green frame moves left with velocity v. For her inward journey, Stacey remains at rest in the green frame. The green clocks are synchronized at time t green. The various frames are related by the coordinate transformations of special relativity. For a blue observer with some particular values of the blue coordinates, we can use these to calculate the coordinates of the red and green observers he sees passing by at that instant. Note that the time coordinate in one frame is a combination of the space and time coordinates of the other frame. If all blue observers have the same t blue clock reading, then the red and green observers they see passing by will have t red and t green clock readings that vary throughout space. This means that if two spatially separated events happen at the same time in the blue frame, then they must happen at different times in the other frames. Events which are simultaneous in one frame will not be simultaneous in other frames. Let's visualize the experiment as it appears to blue frame observers. The blue frame observers are in the center row. All their clocks are synchronized to t blue equals 0 to begin. Some of the red frame observers they see are shown in the top row, and some of the green frame observers they see are shown in the bottom row. And we show rings around the twins locations. Earl is in the blue ring. Stacey is in the red ring. Stacey moves to the right with the red frame. Because she's moving, the blue frame observers see her clock running slow. Stacey reaches the turnaround point when a clock reads 4. The blue frame clocks, including Earl's, read 5. Stacey now jumps from the red frame to the green frame. The green frame observer she joins has a clock reading of 8.5, and that is where we start measuring a lapse time for the return path. As Stacey moves left with the green frame, the blue frame observers again see her clock running slow. When she rejoins Earl, her green frame clock has advanced from 8.5 to 12.5 for a total of 4 years. So Stacey is 8 years old while Earl's clock shows his age as 10. Here's a summary of the journey as seen by the blue frame observers. Earl is at rest during Stacey's outward trip, which takes 5 years. Therefore Earl ages 5 years. Because Stacey is moving, her clock runs slower and she only ages 4 years. After she accelerates, that is jumps frames, Earl is still at rest and her return trip takes 5 years. Earl ages 5 years. Stacey is still moving, so once again she only ages 4 years. Earl's final age is 5 plus 5 equals 10 years. Stacey's is 4 plus 4 equals 8 years. Here we plot Earl and Stacey's ages according to Earl's bookkeeping of simultaneous events. Earl's age is on the left, Stacey's on the right. The line colors correspond to the frames the twins are in. According to Earl, Stacey's rate of aging is always 80% of Earl's. Earl's explanation of the experiment is simply a summary of the blue frame observations. Stacey was always moving at a speed of 0.6, so her clock always ran slower by a factor of 0.8. Therefore during each 5 year leg of the trip she aged 4 years for a total of 8 years. That's why I'm 10 and she's 8. Now let's visualize the experiment as it appears to red frame observers. Stacey is at rest in the red frame while Earl is moving. So red frame observers see his clock running slow. After 4 years Stacey is 4 while Earl is only 3.2. Then Stacey jumps from the red to the green frame. The green frame observer she joins has a clock reading of 8.5. Now Earl is still moving but Stacey is moving even faster. So her clock runs even slower than Earl's. In the red frame the return trip takes more than twice as long as the outward trip but Stacey's clock runs so slow that she still only ages 4 years. Earl's age increases from 3.2 to 10 years. According to the red frame the first part of the experiment lasts 4 years. Stacey is at rest so she ages 4 years. Earl is moving and he only ages 3.2 years. The second part lasts 8.5 years. Earl is still moving and he only ages 6.8 years. Stacey is moving even faster and she ages only 4 years. Earl's final age is 3.2 plus 6.8 equals 10 years. Stacey's final age is 4 plus 4 equals 8 years. Finally let's visualize the experiment as it appears to green frame observers. Earl is moving and his clock runs slow. Stacey is moving even faster and her clock runs even slower. After 8.5 years Earl is 6.8 and Stacey is 4 years old. Now Stacey jumps to the green frame. Earl continues to move at the same speed but Stacey is now at rest. So Earl's clock runs slower than Stacey's. According to the green frame the first part of the experiment lasts 8.5 years. Both twins are moving. Earl ages 6.8 years and Stacey ages 4 years. After Stacey jumps to the green frame she is at rest for the second part. This lasts 4 years and Stacey ages 4 years. Earl is still moving and he ages 3.2 years. Earl's final age is 6.8 plus 3.2 equals 10 years. Stacey's final age is 4 plus 4 equals 8 years. Here we have three different descriptions of our experiment. All three agree on the final observable outcome that when Earl and Stacey are reunited Earl is 10 and Stacey is 8. But they disagree on the sequence of events leading up to this. For example in the blue and green frames Stacey initially ages more slowly than Earl. However in the red frame Earl initially ages more slowly than Stacey. We might be tempted to demand to know what quote really happened. Relativity tells us there is no unique answer to this question. What really happens depends on your frame of reference. Because there is no preferred frame of reference defining absolute space. And there is no preferred system of synchronized clocks defining absolute time. Each frame of a reference has its own description of the sequence of events. Each is equally valid and they all agree on the observable outcomes.


The final result looks a little something like like this Just beautiful. Oh man. I like that a lot this orange the blues The reds the yellows. I Like it. I love it Lincoln Bay if you want to grab it


We are going to start with the elements of assembly language programming. At the end of the session, student will be able to demonstrate the elements contained in an assembly language program. Let us see the background which is required for understanding an assembler as a language processor. A programmer needs to deal with numeric instructions and addresses. And therefore, he has to deal with lots of zeros and ones. So programming is cumbersome and prone to errors. And the main effects are faced in the machine language programming. And therefore, we go to deal with a solution which is an assembler. An assembler is a language processor that converts an assembly language program to a machine language program. Therefore, the input is an assembly language program. And output is generated as a target language or a machine language program. Now let us think and answer what is decided from an assembler as a language processor. When studying the features which are given by an assembly language, the predominant feature is it is machine independent. It is a low level programming language very close to the machine language. And each element in an assembly program is an instruction. It has declarative statements or directives. And it provides a memonic operation code or instructions. Therefore, we deal with symbolic names which decide for data or instruction. And it gives the facility for data declaration. The assembly directives are statements to provide useful auxiliary facilities to instruct the assembler to do a particular action. Now, when understanding the requirements of an assembler, we need to analyze the source program and determine which symbolic data or instructions are involved in it. And we use this information to synthesize a target program finally. Now, as we are going to understand the elements of an assembly language, a machine language of a computer has numeric instructions that take operands which are addresses of CPU registers or memory locations or intermediate operands. This makes the whole problem very cumbersome. Therefore, whenever there are also modifications which are made or changes that are developed in our program, these changes involve changes in the memory addresses of the operands. What is provided to simplify these things for an assembly language? The first thing in an assembly language is mnemonic operand codes are declared. And therefore, these short forms are easier to remember and use. And it enables us to detect the use of invalid codes in the program. We use in assembly language symbolic operands which associate symbolic names with data or instruction. There is no thinking of numeric address in the program. And repercussions of the change are automatically managed. In the data declarations which are involved in assembly programming, the data declared in variety of notations. For example, it might be a decimal notation. And it avoids the need to specify constants in the computer understandable representations. The statement format involves a label, opcode, operand specification, operand specifications in the subsequent or the optional format. Therefore, specification of label and the second subsequent operands is optional. A label is associated with a symbolic name with the memory word generated for the statement. And the operand specification syntax involves a symbolic name followed by a displacement which may be positive or negative followed by optional index registers. The possible operand forms involves for a word area, the memory word with which the name area is associated. Area plus 5 indicates memory words five words away from the word with the name area. Area into bracket four involves indexing of the operand area with the index register four to the address of area. Area plus 5 into bracket four involves a combination of the above specifications. Therefore, we are now ready to develop a simple assembly language. Each statement here corresponds to an instruction. It has two operands, a CPU register and a memory word using symbolic name and optional displacement. It has four CPU registers, A register, B register, C register, and D register. The arithmetic instructions is performed on content of the CPU register and memory word and the result is put in CPU register. The condition code is set in the CPU. The move instruction move a value between a memory word and a CPU register. We have two forms. One is move R, which is the value move from the memory word to the CPU register and move M, which is value move from the CPU register to the memory word. A comparison instruction set a conditional code without affecting the values of the operand. The conditional codes can be checked by a branch on condition instruction. It has a format BC conditional code specification followed by memory address. We assume conditional code specification is a character string. If it is any ANY, it implies unconditional transfer of control. All instructions are in the format, which have a sign, opcode, register operand, and memory operand as seen in this slide. The conditional code encodes in the first operand position. And these codes may be numbered from 1 to 6 and having a value less than, greater than, equal to, et cetera. The various statements supported by assembly language are the first type being imperative, which indicates an action to be performed during the execution of a program. It translates into one machine instruction finally. The second type of instructions are declarative instructions. They declare storage or constants. They have a format label ds constant or label dc given a value. ds reserves an area of memory and associates a symbolic name with it. a ds1 reserves memory area of one word and associates a name a with it. gds200 reserves block of 200 memory word name g associated with first words of the block. dc constructs memory words containing constants. 1 dc1 associates name o and e with memory word containing a value 1. A literal is an operand with a syntax value. Assembly language statements also consist of the third type, which are assembly directives. These statements instruct the assembler to perform certain actions while assembling a program. Example, start constant, instructs the assembler to place the first word of the target program, generate a memory word, having address constant. End operand specification indicates end of the source program. Optional operand specification indicates sufficient should begin with the instruction whose address is specified by operand specification. For my references, I have used. Thank you.


Do not pay is working on using GPT-4 to generate one-click lawsuits. Is this for better or worse? I'm not sure. It depends who you're using them against. But you can sue Rover Callers for $1500, so it says Imagine receiving a call, clicking a button, call is transcribed, and a thousand word lawsuit is generated. GPT-3.5 was not good enough, but GPT-4 handles the job extremely well. So you can see we're now in the territory that we haven't seen before. We can do things that GPT-3.5 just wasn't quite good enough for.


The worst thing that can happen to a person is the loss of everything that worked hard to acquire the two geopolitical chairs played by powerful nations. What has been happening in Gaza since the beginning of what is now looking more like a premeditated offensive by Israel is a destruction of people's homes and livelihoods. Some were taken by surprise, while others were forced to bear the brutality employed by both Hamas and Israel in their conflict in the Gaza Strip. However, what sets individuals apart is their faith. These faiths often seem to be the driving force that keeps them going despite the hardship of the world.  Please share your thoughts on the faith and strength of the Palestinian people during this time. Like and share this video message so that we can reach our fellow brothers and sisters in Palestine and other parts of the world. The unfolding events in Gaza are so terrible that even the most ardent critics of Palestine are beginning to re-evaluate their beliefs and conviction. Many are now realizing how important it seems to defend the defenseless in Gaza, much like in Ukraine, when Russia invaded. People are starting to see that the war affects ordinary citizens more than Hamas. In fact, most of the ruined infrastructure belongs to civilians and not militants. One of these faithful individuals is this man in this video. His time is what appears to be a street in Gaza, although we cannot independently verify this. Given the nature of the buildings in the background, it seems to be an upscale area at the center of Gaza. Despite apparent losing everything to daily bombings in the city, he remains remarkably calm and composed, his even smiling. Allah reminds us in Surah Al-Baqarah 2 verse 45, and seek help through patience and prayer and indeed, if these difficult except for the humblest submissive to God. His cheerful demeanor seems out of psych with a grim bugger based on his response in the video. He is genuinely grateful for life and attributed it to Allah, the creator of heaven and earth. His faith is remarkable and deserves recognition for what it represents, a belief in Allah's justice. Let's turn to the Quran for insight into this unwavering faith in God. Surah Al-Ink about 29 verse 69 and those who strive for us will surely guide them to our ways and indeed, Allah is with the doers of good. Surah Al-Haqah 22 verse 77, All you who have believed bow and prostrate and worship your Lord and do good that you may succeed. Surah Al-Haqah 57 verse 7, Believe in Allah and his messenger and spend out of that in which he has made you successors for those who have believed among you and spent there will be a great reward. To all our brothers and sisters in Gaza amidst the hot wrenching turmoil and suffering, we offer words of hope, faith and resilience during these challenging times. The events unfolding in Gaza are a stark reminder of the unimaginable hardship faced by innocent civilians as Muslims. You are called upon to exercise patience in the face of adversity as Allah reminds us in the Quran in Surah Al-Baqarah 22 verse 45, which I previously quoted and seek help through patience and prayer and indeed if these difficult except for the humblest submissive to Allah. Your steadfastness during these challenging times is a testament to your faith. Please like and share this message of faith with our Palestinian brothers all over the world. Please like and share this video so that others can see especially our Palestinian brothers living across the world and especially those in the Gaza Strip. Please subscribe so we can see you again in our next update. Assalamualaikum.


and welcome back to the Creative Life from the American Creativity Association. We're hosted by Hintek, Hawaii. I'm your host, Phyllis Bleece, on today's show, which will be discussing the question of how the internet is not Facebook. With our guest, Corinne McSherry. Corinne is the legal director at the Electronic Frontier Foundation based in San Francisco, which specializes in intellectual property, open access, and free speech issues. We invite all of you into this world of cyberspace where creativity and innovation are thriving, and yet sometimes are thwarted. Corinne brings us up to date on current affairs at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, which is the leading nonprofit defending digital rights group, and it's promoting online civil liberties to make sure that technology serves freedom and justice around the world. In that regard, she'll be sharing early threats to the free flow of creativity, innovation, and knowledge that led to the creation of the EFF, and she will be giving examples of how publishing and copyright legal models both open or close the source of that information flowing through the internet. And you can send your questions to questions at hintekhawaii.com. So welcome, Corinne. Let me start with you. Oh, well, thank you for having me. It's a pleasure. I miss your lovely state. Well, that's good. And tell us a little bit about you, your state. I know that EFF was formed in where you're working now in San Francisco, and what got you involved? Tell us about this important nonprofit. Sure. So, yeah, so we are based in San Francisco, California, just a little bit north of Silicon Valley in the heart of a place that's sort of been a burgeoning center of technological development that, as everybody knows, has gone in many, many directions. And in the early days, EFF sort of at the very beginning started with a mission of a somewhat smaller mission, which was really to explain to judges and government officials and others how technology worked, because the concern of the founders of the organization was that way too many people were going to make rules and regulations and enforce old rules and regulations in ways that wouldn't really make sense because they didn't understand the technology. So early on, we were sort of a group of lawyers and advocates and technologists who came together to sort of, you know, speak tech to power, so to speak. But over time, our mission has evolved quite a bit from that. And now, as you described, our goal is to make sure that the Constitution makes it intact into the 21st century, that civil liberties and freedom of expression, privacy rights, and also creativity and innovation continue to thrive. The technology helps them thrive rather than going in the other direction. And just to give you a quick example of a way technology can go one way or another, the internet is a very powerful force. Email is a very powerful force for communication, but when governments take it upon themselves to surveil all your emails as the United States government has done, right, then we've got a problem, then we have a threat to civil liberties, and those communications can't really be free because it's very hard to freely communicate when you don't have a sense of privacy in those communications, especially if you're a journalist, an activist of some kind. And so one of the things we've done is twice we've taken the US government to court to challenge them for engaging in that kind of mass surveillance. And we've also been involved in efforts in Congress to try to limit that kind of mass surveillance. That's just one little piece of the kind of work that we do, but I think it exemplifies how we try to think of technology as a potential force for good, but also want to make sure that our laws and our practices make sure that it's a force for good and not actually a force to harm our civil liberties. And then of course, and it's tricky because I am passionate about the work of the Electronic Frontier Foundation and what it's doing to protect our liberties. At the same time, our particular focus with the American Creativity Association is to enlarge the scope of creativity and innovation. And the only way to do that is through a thriving communication marketplace where we can riff off of each other's ideas. So you're representing the rights of the vehicle that allows creativity and innovation to flourish if we just get out of the way and let it go. And with that in mind, I'm going to read a question that came in this afternoon from a 35-year-old millennial who spent all of his adult life working on the internet. He's been at some of the Fang companies. Space X isn't one of them, but Space X Tesla and now Google X. Here's what he said. He was just adored the internet and it was everything to him. He says, I used to be a card-carrying member of the EFF, but I think I am much more moderated in that view now that I see the other side. And personally, I really have no idea what's right. It's very complicated. I can envision many dystopias where the government spies on its citizens, but I can also imagine complete privacy and encryption making it very hard to catch and stop bad people. What is our what does our guests think? Yeah. So first of all, I hope that that person is watching and that I will be able to convince you to once again be a card-carrying member of EFF. And I say that because actually, we are very much a membership organization. We get some institutional support, but really, we rely on our members and we care deeply about them. At the same time, we have to do as an organization what we think is right. And with respect to things like encryption, I'll just pick off that piece of it. We have seen governments arguing, just that saying, look, if we have perfect encryption or perfectly strong encryption, then the bad guys can take advantage of that. And bad guys will take advantage of that to do horrible thing. And there's something to that. I'm not naive. No one here is naive to think that encryption will only be used by good people. The problem is this. And I think technologists especially will understand this and the ones that I talked to understand this. You can't build a special key to unlock encryption and ensure that it's only used by good guys. If you make it possible to break encryption, that is also going to be used by bad guys. It's also going to be used by governments to spy on dissidents and journalists and anyone else that they don't like. People who most desperately need to have encrypted communications in order to thrive and in order to go forward. So I wish, I wish very much that there was an easy path out of this dilemma, but there isn't one. And so what EFF, what we try to think about is weighing the different challenges and coming up with the best solution for the most people. And again, every time, we also try to pay attention to what technologists tell us. So we have security researchers on staff and we also talk to outside people and we say, is it possible to do this thing? Is it possible to really balance encryption and privacy? And the answer that we get over and over from the people who would know best is, no, this isn't a situation where you can nerd harder. If you build a backdoor into encryption, it will be taken advantage of by all kinds of people that you would not approve of. The US government disagrees with us, but I think they're wrong. Well, you know, I'm thinking we'll need two shows or three with you. We've just been through January 6. We've been through Twitter and Facebook closing down, you know, free speech. And when they close down political statements, they close down creativity and innovative statements. We have, like our millennial who said, I don't know what's right now. So another millennial has asked this question. My main question is about how the political and legal positions of EFF are determined, especially as digital technology evolved. There isn't a quote constitution of what the EFF positions are and the cost benefits of various positions do change over the years. Also, EFF has just had one of its co-founders. Perhaps part of this exact issue came on. They just left. The ACLU is a similar organization that has over the years changed some of its core positions. So, bottom line, I'm referring to what do you get when we donate to EFF? What is the politics? What are the legal positions? What are they doing for us as their members? Okay, well, that's a big question. We all came in at one drop. So, okay, let me pick off a couple pieces of that. So in terms of how does EFF sort of come to its position? Our core thing at EFF is we fight for the users. So that's our number one thing. And we try to figure out what is the best course for internet users because they are the ones who most often do not have a voice in the courts and do not have a voice in Congress and do not have a voice internationally. So for example, Facebook, Google, all the tech giants, they have a big voice. They can say many things, and I know they're under attack right now, but they can fight back on their own. They don't need us. Who needs us are all the users who need to make sure that we have an environment where they can continue to speak and thrive. I'll give you an example of what I'm talking about here. There's some argument about how there need to be reforms to the law. And a lot of those proposed reforms are really about punishing Facebook, saying Facebook, you need to do more to make online speech the way I want it to be. Now, one problem with that is that it's actually very difficult to decide what the perfect online speech is in a way that everyone is going to agree on one problem. The second problem is that Facebook has been trying to do something like that for years and does it badly. And the third problem, the most fundamental problem, is that the changes to the law that are often being proposed, including by Facebook, their primary results in our estimation is going to make it very, very difficult for smaller alternatives to ever emerge. Now, for us, that's a problem. We think that's a problem because we don't think that people should be locked into one social media site or even just a few social media sites. People should have lots and lots of options. So we want lots of competition. We want lots of options because we think that's the best way to get to promote freedom of expression online and actually protect the rights of users. It's a complicated question. These are complicated issues, but that's kind of our starting point. That's what we try to do. And if you support EFF, you're supporting us doing that work for you. Now, this isn't obviously the forum for me to sort of be making a fundraising pitch. So I don't mean to be doing that, but in answer to the question, I think it's a fair question. You should know why you should support us and that's why. We don't always get it perfectly right, but we try very hard and we try very hard to make sure that our core values there are what's best for the internet and also trying to think long-term, not just short-term. Last thing I will say about that is that's also one reason that, for example, we will resist laws that seem to freeze technology in one way or another, that try to, for example, impose particular technological requirements that are very detailed. We don't like to do that because we think legislators, first of all, are often not technologists and not well positioned to make those decisions. And second of all, because again, we want to create an environment where technological developments can happen, new things can happen, unexpected things can happen. I'm old enough to remember a world without TikTok. I'm old enough to remember a world without YouTube. Now, those technologies and we're still talking here about social media and I don't want to talk about that all the time, but the point is different things emerge, different alternatives emerge and we want to make sure that there's space for that. And so that takes us to the title of today's show. The internet is not Facebook. So what I'm hearing from you is the internet is it is, I'm speaking for you. The internet is the platform of the people and you're the people's advocate to keep it open and we don't, you don't want private actors like Facebook, Twitter to shut down our freedoms to use our platform and you don't want the government doing it either. And in while the ethics about what should be watched dog, that that question, actually, Corinne, I think it's a lot harder today to address the ethical issues because they're because people are so good at using the internet now, they can put on how to create bombs and how to assassinate and put those pictures up there where there was a time when the internet was probably more innocent.  So I get that and is that what the title means so the internet is not Facebook, Facebook may do a great job or it may do a bad job but it can't be the litmus test or the gatekeeper for the rest of us on the internet. Is that why you named it? I think the title for me is speaking to two different things. One is that at least in the United States, and this is not true unfortunately for every country but in the United States, the internet means many many things. The internet is email, the internet is messaging, the internet is a host of different kinds of technologies that we use every day and that we care about every day. But way too often the conversation about the internet ends up devolving into being a conversation about social media and most of all a conversation about Facebook and when we let that happen we lose really really important benefits of the internet and we make the internet smaller and really kind of uglier than it actually is. So that's a concern that I have and the other thing is that the other thing I want to speak to is that you know that the internet shouldn't be Facebook. I want alternatives to Facebook to emerge. I want people to have other options and one of the things that's really dangerous when you take an international perspective is that in many many countries for many many people actually the internet is Facebook for them because Facebook is available to them for free easily and so they take advantage of that and you can't blame them for that. But I don't think they should have to settle for that. I think they should get the whole internet all of it and including all of the technologies that are going to emerge next. There was a time when it seemed like MySpace was going to win the battle and it didn't. Facebook's number one. The third thing I will touch on is that particular companies have gobbled up a lot of the alternatives. And so Facebook's example, Google's an example, they're doing their very best to make it so that actually just a few companies control huge amounts of our conversation, huge amounts of our expression, huge amounts of our creativity and options for innovation. And I think we have to fight that. I don't want just a few companies to have that much power. I want to make it so we have lots and lots of options. I want to say one more thing because I think that when we think about threats to expression and creativity, I don't want us to be naive. Another danger that can happen is that people, the internet can be a wonderful vehicle for speech and communication and also storytelling and truth telling, reporting, really important. But there's a couple things that can thwart that. One is illegitimate copyright claims, illegitimate community standards claims that people use to try to take down speech. And the other thing that can happen, though, is that people can get drowned out because the other thing that people have gotten good at, unfortunately, on the internet is trying to stifle people by releasing information about where they live and then encouraging people to go and threaten those people. I think to be honest, the bomb building example, that's a thing people worry about. But there's also lots and lots of people, especially marginalized people who are trying to use the internet and feel like they're getting silenced through really aggressive and harmful activity. And I just want to acknowledge that because I think that's a really hard problem. And the best way is not to pretend it's not true, but trying to figure out how do we address that without resulting in the silencing of lots and lots of other speech. And it's not an easy answer. And I think anyone who tells you there's an easy answer to it is just deceiving you or themselves. Right. You know, I love the idealism that I read about the creation of the EFF. One of your early founders said that he was interviewed on that TED Talk and he said, I have a dream. I would like to learn how to keep the internet open for anybody anywhere to learn as much as they are intellectually capable of assimilating about any subject presently known to all of humanity. And that, that was a statement after my own heart. I'm sure it's a statement after your heart. And if the internet could, I guess what we're saying is when the internet is available to serve the good, the true, and the beautiful, it has to be wide enough to also, you know, other elements will come in and we're not the judges of those other elements. And that, that's a, that's a, that's a tough balance to manage. And I guess you're managing it every day. You wanted to talk today, I know maybe about your first case, maybe the Sony case and how that brought the issues, you know, brought them into conflict and up to the forefront. There's section 230 rules that I think a lot of people don't understand too much and they're afraid it's going to be that we're going to lose our rights if that gets narrowed or thrown out like it was suggested last year. It should sort of help us understand some of these things that we're asked to vote on and we're asked to be literate in. Sure. The internet open so everybody everywhere can learn anything they possibly would like to learn. Let me talk about a case that I'm working on right now that I think illustrates some of the, the tensions. So I, one of EFF's clients is an organization called the Internet Archive that perhaps some of you might have heard of. They are created the Wayback Machine. Their mission is to make, you know, all knowledge available to everyone around the world. And they've been working on that mission for 25 years. They just had an anniversary. One of their projects is a controlled digital lending project. And what they do is they partner with libraries around the United States and where the libraries have bought a copy of a book. The Internet Archive will work with them to digitize that copy of the book and then lend it out electronically on what's called an own-to-lone basis. So you only loan out one copy that corresponds to a physical copy that you purchased one at a time. And they use technology to make the end of the loan period. It disappears. And this has been tremendous, made books available all over the place and especially during the height of the pandemic when libraries were closed, right? You couldn't get books. The Internet Archive was a crucial resource to people, patrons all over the United States and especially educators who were trying to get books to their kids and they couldn't get them there. And it's this fabulous public resource. And I'm very proud to represent them. But right now, they're in the middle of litigation against four publishers. We're suing them for doing this and saying, this is copyright infringement and you don't have permission to do this and you're not allowed to do this.  That's the kind of situation where you think, well, and we don't need to get in the details because we only have five minutes left, but the point is there are very strong legal arguments for why the archive is allowed to do what it does. But there's also sort of more fundamental thing, which is what kind of world do we want? Do we want a world in which it's possible to have these amazing projects and get knowledge out to people? Or do we want a world in which every library has to go hat and hand for permission for every individual book and bankrupt themselves, paying fees? But again, and the authors don't see a penny of this. Okay. So that's kind of what I'm thinking about in the tensions right now. You have a world where there are people who are trying to take advantage of the internet to do amazing things to make knowledge available, make books available, to make creativity available. And then there are people who just have to think in old ways and in ways that don't benefit the public. Thank you very much. That I mean, for all of us who do use the Wayback Machine and the Digital Library, this is our daily, sort of our daily bread of how we think, how we play and how we work. I, I, we've all heard the statement that what separated the rich from the poor for generations with the rich that was at the rich had access to information and the poor had none. And we've had this gigantic reversal where now everybody can get information that that used to be just a few could do. And so there's a great leavening and equalizing effect of this information that's out there. And, and yet we're now we're down, I know we only have about three minutes, we're down to what, what it will take to self, I guess there's attention around self regulating, which is a different point from whether or not someone's intellectual property is being used without paying them back. You know, the copyright issue goes really to, I think Dr. Thomas Jefferson, he set up copyright and patent, so that inventors and founders would have a fair amount of time to get their sweat equity back before everybody else copied it and used it. So that, so we have the creators to get compensated, that's really important, otherwise they can't do the work. No question about it. Absolutely. Right. And, and then there's this other tough nut crack is, is how do we, how do we legislate morality through self governance and self restraint on what we might post so that we don't have the government or our private contractors editing us. And that, you know, I, I think about this a lot and I, I, but let me just, I'm gonna have to close this out.  You're doing, you're at the heartbeat right now at the EFF. I think for the, I had two people talk to me about you're being our guest today. You said you were the plumbers of the internet.  Oh, oh, they're like the ACLU for the internet. I mean, it's been a really good deal to have you and to feature the electronic frontier on today's show. So is, we didn't get to section 23 in like 30 seconds. What would you like to say before I round this out? Well, I would just say thank you very much for having me. I think that the, you know, the questions that we're grappling with are not easy questions. You know, it seems like the, the mission of the EFF has grown because our use of technology and our use of the internet has grown. And, you know, it's not, none of these questions is going away anytime soon. But I will tell you one thing. It's, to be honest, it's a lot of fun to be out here trying to figure it out with, with all of you and other people. So thank you for having me. Thank you. And so my wrap up will be that we'll leave it here to our watchers. You've been watching The Creative Life on Think Tech Hawaii. Today I've been discussing how the internet is not Facebook. And we hope you found out how we got here and where we go next with our guest, Corinne McSherry from the Electronic Frontier Foundation. And thank you for participating. Thank you for tuning in. I'm Phyllis Blyse, and we'll be back in two weeks on The Creative Life. Aloha.


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Time now to go behind the enemy lines presented by Windows 11. Pleased to be joined by the voice of the Los Angeles Rams, JB Long. JB, thanks so much for the time. It's nice to see I'm sorry I pat it on cross more often, but I'm looking forward to posting you in Inglewood this weekend. We're looking forward to being there. We're not looking forward to seeing Von Miller from the outside on paper, at least. It doesn't seem like they necessarily need Von Miller. Where does he fit a need or maybe even add to a strength? I think it's a sound point. And as recently as the past couple of weekends, the edge rush has been as dynamic and productive as we've seen throughout the season, despite losing Justin Hollins, who was the starter opposite Floyd at the outset of the year. Trell Lewis, a nice talent out of Alabama, seems to have found the right mix of practice and pain management for his knee. He's been a nice bracket opposite Leonard Floyd, who we already mentioned. Obo Oco Rockwell is coming on. Even Jameer Jones, a waiver claim from the Pittsburgh Steelers has been productive. But I don't think there's anything that mirrors the all pro talent that a future Hall of Famer is capable of. And when you blend him in with the talent and the depth chart that the Rams already have, I think it has the potential to free up more favorable matchup than Aaron Donald has ever had really in his entire career. You've said Aaron Donald's name. What has this year been like for this spectacular defensive lineman? Statistically, perhaps not his most productive year, at least not yet. He's been a historically slow starter in terms of racking up the sat count. But if you watch the tape and you see the opportunities that he generates for himself, despite not frequently getting rewarded with holding penalties on opposing offensive linemen, we call it the Aaron Donald effect. You know that Jalen Ramsey is from Middle Tennessee. I've actually watched him play football since he was in middle school. He dominated them and he dominates on the highest level from your earlier indication. Seems like it's all continuing for a guy who's now wearing number five. Jalen Ramsey is a safety or outside linebacker. What they call the star position. He is a force in the running game. He blows up screenplays. He takes on pulling linemen in a way that I just think maximizes the physical gifts that he's been blessed with. And, you know, he was all pro last year, but I think his intentions are even deeper and more committed here in twenty twenty one least surprising success after a move in the offseason was Matthew Stafford to the Rams. It on paper looked like it was going to fit perfectly. It seems to have done so. What has Stafford added to the Rams offense that they did not have? I think he's unlocked the full capacity of Sean McVeigh structure in playbook. And unfortunately, at the end of the Jerry Goff era, you know, there were portions of that play sheet where the Rams either were unwilling or uncomfortable or unable to go. And when you see Van Jefferson taking the top off the defense, when you see Cooper Cup running routes at all three levels and leading the NFL and receiving, when you see Matthew Stafford be able to play from empty to hang on in the pocket to create off schedule. Once the play breaks down, these were all the types of things that the Rams offense was lacking the last couple of seasons. Really, since they're run to the Super Bowl, they had to be letter perfect and the ecosystem around the quarterback had to be almost fully intact for them to get the results they were looking for. That's no longer the case. Matthew Stafford for 12 years in Detroit played with some nice pieces. Don't get me wrong, but he made the most out of his circumstances. And now that those circumstances are as good as he's ever had as a professional, he is helping the Rams. And I also think the Rams are helping him to his best results.


All right, welcome back to the show. Today we are talking about a hot topic on social media. You've probably encountered it surfing around rewriting your story. And for many of our clients, they recognize that they have a self story, a vision of themselves based on past events, actions, and behaviors, and probably some chapters in that story that they would love to go back and edit and change to influence future behavior. And there's a lot of pop psychology online about how to rewrite your story, how to go back and be the editor. So we want to share today what that actually means, why story is so important to us in how we navigate the past as well as the future. Some strategies that we can actually use to take that self story to create behavioral change in our lives and how we work personally with our clients to create values that orient their goals in a way that they can take action on the next chapter of their lives, what their future holds. So I know many of us probably have a past memory, a negative event that has influenced us. And we have written a story around what that event means to us, why we act the way we do, and what patterns have persisted in our lives because of this past event. And that's totally normal and natural. As humans, we all love stories. You're probably clamoring to go see Dune 2 in the movie theater because we love great stories on TV, in movies, in books, even sharing stories amongst friends. That's how we connect with one another as humans. And there's an evolutionary reason for this, right, Michael? Yeah, and the evolutionary reason here is simply that our brain is amazing in predicting what's going to happen in the future and how is our brain able to do that. It looks at the past, at what has happened before in similar situations, and then extrapolates out. A very simple example that hopefully none of you have gone through is touching a hot stove as a kid.   It's amazing. You're never making the same mistake again. That can also happen in adult life when you are asked to do a presentation at work.  So you're getting a few laughs from the audience.  So I'm not going to do that again. And so you see how our hunter-gatherer brain has this ability to log those things, write them in the pages of our life and the self story, and then act on it. Prefront frontal cortex is what does that. The human brain is a predicting brain, and it's amazing until these stories start to hold us back. Now, these stories are an opportunity for us to seek certainty in those experiences. So we don't deal well with uncertainty. What's going to happen when I walk into that presentation room? What's going to happen on that first date? How am I going to be perceived? Am I going to be liked? Are things going to go the way I want them to? So naturally, we gravitate towards those past experiences to become the narrative of future events for us. And you made a great point, Michael. Sometimes those stories are negative and they impact our confidence in a very negative way, making us fearful, making us feel like we don't want to do that or we're going to fail in the future. But sometimes the stories can actually be good and helpful and create confidence and create action in our life if those past experiences were positive and we wrote positive narratives around those experiences. Yeah, even though our brain, really, we have this negativity bias, everyone is really good at pointing, hey, AJ, Michael, hey, Johnny, I have this one story and it just holds me back. No one ever says, hey, AJ, Johnny, Michael, I have this amazing story. It's really giving me a confidence boost. We just see the things that creates obstacles in our life and our negativity bias just highlights those for us. But yeah, there are definitely two kinds of stories out there and neutral ones as well.  Totally neutral unless you're allergic to cucumbers and then you have a negative story at your hand. I also want to add here that I'm really glad that we're speaking about this because stories have come up in the show many times through all those psychologists that we have on the show, from all of the researchers that we've had on the show, but also the lawyers that we have talked to. They have to build narratives and stories in order to present a case. The advertisers and marketing people that we've had on the show and all of the marketing folks that we have talked to and working with in this company over the years, it's all story driven. In fact, when you build marketing funnels, there is aspects of Joseph Campbell's The Hero's Journey because these are the stories that we track. This is why movies are so important. We're looking at billion dollar industries that specialize in storytelling because storytelling is what pierces our worlds and hits us emotionally and stirs us up. What we're going to be talking about, I want to make sure that you guys understand the power and how our brains work to create these stories, but also every industry that is story driven. The list goes on when we go to art, we go to music. It's all story driven. Even finance. For those that we work with and investment banking, they're telling stories with their pitch decks. They're turning numbers into stories. Many of you right now are probably very adept at storytelling because you're persuasive. You get people on your side, on your team to join your venture to agree to fund what you're going after in your life. We are naturally drawn to stories. We're probably very adept at creating stories. What's the natural conclusion? Oh, great. I just want to go back into my past, open up that deck of slides. I just want to make a couple deletions. I want to rearrange a couple chapters of this past story and poof, I'm confident now. Poof, my fear disappears. Poof, I don't have to worry about that past failure in my life. It's a very natural inclination to want to grab the red pen and scratch out chapters of that book and go back and furiously rewrite chapters so that amazing opportunity that you saw as a fearful situation can turn into something that powers future behavior and confidence. There are problems with attempting to just rewrite and wholesale edit and delete stories from our lives, right, Michael? Yeah. The biggest problem is it doesn't work. This is the reason that we're doing an episode like that because this is one of the number one patterns that we see with clients coming in. Hey, if I can change that story, then I'll be good. Then I won't be afraid of rejection anymore. Then I'll be confident. I just need to change that story. It's an understandable approach for a couple of reasons. One, that's how a Word document works. That's how we added the movie script. That's how we added a pitch deck. We go in there. We take the parts that didn't resonate with the audience. We change them around, not so with our brain. The second reason that this is such in the forefront of our mind when it comes to solving problems is that it's easy. It's that quick little thing, right? I don't have to put in the work. I don't have to learn new skills. I don't have to step outside of my comfort zone and try something that's a little bit scary. All I have to do is go back into my brain and turn a little things, turn some knobs around, change things a little bit, and I'll be good. And we humans, we have this tendency to go the path of least effort. And what's easier than just to go in and change a story unless we've tried it for a couple of years and we realize, you know what, actually, this isn't working. This is like the best we can do is maybe understand where that story is coming from. But we can't go in and change it. That's not how the brain works. I think there's a lot involved with how those memories of these stories get burned into our minds. And because they're imprinted with them comes a lot of emotion. So Michael, you had brought up that touching the stove earlier. Well, with that, there is pain involved, right? There was heightened emotions. So that imprinting is incredibly strong. So if I just go back and just tried to delete that story from my brain, the imprinting is still going to be there. I'm in a contradiction with my mind over, I'm not scared of this stove. That happened a long time ago. But that imprinting is so strong. It drives behavior through those emotions. And this brings up a lot of the work that we do because we want our clients to understand when they're in a heightened emotional state. That heightened emotional state then goes to default behaviors. And if you don't know that you're in a heightened emotional state, then you don't know that you're resulting to those default behaviors. So this is why in moving forward and creating new stories is so powerful because these new behaviors are going to rewrite that story in your mind. Very, very good point, especially in moments of high tension. That's when our prefrontal cortex, the logical part of the brain likes to go offline because we want to preserve energy and our thinking brain takes a lot of energy. So put someone in a stressful situation, be it being chased by a tiger or giving a presentation or seeing that person a networking event that's really important to talk to. High stress moment prefrontal cortex goes offline and we're doing what we've always done, which is what we've learned in the past, removes that uncertainty and means we're just standing there in the corner, not making eye contact, not talking to people. And that psychological need for certainty can also lead us to create the wrong stories around those past behaviors. It can color our memory of what happened in a different way than how it was actually unfolding in real life. So it's very easy and it feels very fulfilling to be like, okay, now I know why I have this fear. Now I know why I lack confidence in this one arena. It's because this one thing happened in the past. And now if I just spend time ruminating and thinking about it and replaying and visualizing it, I could do that in my pajamas. I don't have to go out and talk to a new stranger. I don't have to prepare a new pitch deck. I can just sit there and daydream that the pitch actually went swimmingly and I got my idea funded. But that doesn't actually lead to real-world behavior change in results in your life. No, that's delusional. Like sitting there and telling myself that actually, I didn't get that job interview because it was totally overqualified and they were intimidated by me. I can tell myself that all day long, but it probably doesn't improve my interview skills. So it's not about rewriting in your mind the stories that happened in the past. We actually want to impact our future behaviors. And what we are doing is we're staring at a blank page today and future chapters to be written. It is great to reflect on the past. It is great to recognize patterns. It feels very relieving to understand, oh, this is a behavior that I tend to do over and over again because of these past experiences, but what if tomorrow you don't want to behave that way? What if in the future you want to be able to walk into that room confidently and pitch effectively and know when you leave that room that you're going to get funded? Well, you can't do that by just daydreaming and thinking about all the past failures and pitches that didn't go your way. Yeah, for myself, I've spent many nights staring at the ceiling, going back through old stories, trying to figure out, well, what had went wrong in those situations? What could I have done better? Why is this memory still haunting me or that I'm ruminating on it? Well, it's because I'm looking for problems. I'm looking for issues. I've drawn myself to those moments, but the most important piece to that is to understand that all of those past events, all of those memories that I'm ruminating on are taken without any context. Let's say it was a social event. Maybe I said the wrong thing, upset somebody that I consider as a high-value person, and now they're mad at me. Now I'm thinking about that. I'm thinking about what I had said. Could I have said something different? Was it as bad as I think it was? Or is that what I had said? Is that even why maybe this person doesn't like me or I'm having issues with this person? But you can't put yourself back in that moment. You're not there in that emotional atmosphere. All of that is gone. All you have is these bits of fuzzy memory that you're trying to draw conclusions from. There was a piece by Michael Shermer that had stuck in my mind. In fact, I've used this very scientific research to get out of jury duty, which is your memory of past events, especially if there was trauma involved or there was a lot of stimuli going on, your memory of those events are going to be distorted. That distortion is going to cause you to draw out all sorts of things that make no sense, that have no relevance to what you're trying to do. That rumination only gets worse. Your conclusions that you draw from that only get worse. This is why a lot of people feel frustrated and then eventually exhausted by the whole thing because they notice a pattern. They're trying to figure out what is the cause of this pattern and that abyss is endless. Or you might be in a situation where you recognize the pattern. You've understood the behavior that's happened by looking at the past, but that behavior is still going to present itself in the future. I was at a point of pure exhaustion. My fiance at the time turned to me and said, have you ever drawn a boundary with your family? It was totally foreign to me what she was saying. I want to be a great son. I want to be helpful. I want to be supportive of everyone, but I was taking so much on my own plate. I wasn't even taking care of myself. She was like, I think you should talk to a therapist. I took her opinion very strongly and said, you know what? I'm going to do it. I reached out and found a therapist after a couple of sessions. We started to talk through some of my past experiences with my family and how I felt like they were just stacking all of this stuff, all of their problems onto my plate. I felt like I had to clear my plate of their problems first before I got to anything in my own life. My therapist said, have you ever put the oxygen mask on first? You're running around the planes on fire. You're helping everyone get off the plane, but you're running out of oxygen yourself.  I said, well, I want them to feel that I love them. I want to show up for them. I want them to know that I care. He said, this pattern that I see you riding a white horse, you're the knight in shining armor who comes in and sweeps everyone off their feet.  I said, that is the pattern. That is me. I'm the white knight. Of course, it felt good in the moment to recognize and string together certainty around these past events, why everyone was giving me their problems and their stress, and why I was the first person they called, and why they called me the rock, and why I was so supportive and stabilizing in their lives. But guess what? Having that recognition, it didn't change my family's behavior. Their problems were still being thrown my way. I was still the first person they were called. I was the person that they were so excited to talk to you about negative things in their life. So here I am recognizing that I'm the white knight, but their behavior hasn't changed. I'm forced to have to change my behavior, and having that recognition of that pattern, although it feels good in the moment, and it can be helpful in clarifying around past behaviors, it doesn't change how I show up when that future phone call hits. It doesn't change how I show up when they have a legal problem that they need me to solve, or when they need some money for me to help them overcome some struggle in their life. So it can feel really good in the moment that you have this clarity around past events, and sometimes that rumination can feel really good of like, aha, I unlocked a pattern in my life, but we want to change the behavior. We want to break the pattern because the pattern has created suffering in my life. The pattern has held me back from accomplishing what I want to do in my life to grow my family to handle my own problems. AJ, you brought up a very good point, which is recognizing that it was going to be up to you who is going to have to change your patterns, your behaviors, because they're not. And that's taking responsibility. And the minute you take responsibility, you get choice. You can leave it, you can stay the same, or you can figure out what you're going to do to change those outcomes. And I want to point out that that recognition didn't change anyone else's story. So what we're talking about here, oftentimes we like to think that if we take the red marker and we just delete and remove some parts of our story that it's going to change the whole scenario, but oftentimes we're dealing with other people who are running their own story and whose story is enmeshed with ours.  Recognizing where a story comes from, what the origin story of that story is, can be very interesting, but most of the time it doesn't change anything at all. Just because you do a lot of work at a lot of rumination and chatteling and you find out why you're afraid of dogs. You suddenly have this epiphany, it's like, oh yeah, when I was five years old, I got bitten by the neighbor's dog. That's why I'm so afraid of dogs. Finally, I found it out. I know what the reason is. You're still afraid of dogs. It still requires the work that needs to be put in moving on from here and out on the new pages in the life story on the blank pages saying, no, you know what, my significant other has a dog. It's very important for me to spend quality time with that person. And for that, I need to get over my fear with dogs and it's going to look like this and this and this. I'm going to pet the dog. I'm going to get close to the dog. Maybe I walk the dog by myself, but it starts with changing the behavior that we bring out into the world. It's such an important point that oftentimes it doesn't require you to think through, like what is the behavior change? It just feels good in the moment to recognize the pattern. Aha, this is why I'm afraid of dogs. But what's going to happen tomorrow? What's going to happen the day after? You are faced with a choice point, a decision to be made, how your future behavior is going to go once you recognize that self story. So super helpful to understand past behaviors and the stories that are guiding our lives that are maybe creating goals for us, maybe steering us in certain directions around past experiences, but really important to recognize that there's a lot of stories still to be written. There's a blank page in front of you and that story is going to be written on future behaviors, not future thoughts, future emotions, or what you would think you would do in that scenario and rationalizing and daydreaming about what could have been or what could be in the future, but it really comes down to what is that step you're taking with your behavior to influence the future, to break that pattern, to write that story. AJ, I want to highlight that. So those of you who might be listening and I hear it all the time that you guys take a lot of notes during this show.  Changing your story doesn't happen in the past. It happens in the future. I'm going to say that again because it bears repeating and it's the most important concept to understand and get you moving. Changing your story doesn't happen in the past. It happens in the future. And it's not a delete function, right? It's a letting go of that narrative. It's a walking away from those past behavior patterns that we can't, unfortunately, like men in black, just hit the button, wave the wand and delete the memory and it's gone. But instead, we are taking actions, changing behaviors that are influencing how the future story is written and ultimately building the character that we want to become based on those actions and the values that stem from those actions. So we can't think our way into rewriting our story, but we can act our way into writing a future story that we're more proud of, that breaks patterns, that creates the person we want to become. And we can think our way. I'm going to use the thinking part because you can use your thinking to decide on what you want your future story to look like.  It's the past, but right now you have it open somewhere in the middle, plus, minus, give or take and it's a blank page. And now you're going to write a new story in there, which is a little bit difficult to do if you don't know what you want that story to look like. So my invitation is don't spend your mental energy thinking about the past and ruminating and trying to change that, but use your energy to think about what you would like to see on the next pages coming away. What are you going to write down that you did, that you said, that you acted upon? What do you want to show up on those pages? And that's going to be hugely oriented towards your personal values, the core values that you have, as well as the goals that you're setting for yourself, short term, midterm, long term. And once you're clear on those, on values and goals, you have a recipe to fill the rest of your book with amazing stories and seeing the behavior unfold that you actually want to see in there if you're able to see the choice points coming away as you're going through the pages. I just want to highlight that in hearing that, I know a lot of people will logically then conclude, great, I just need new goals. I need to stretch myself with new goals that fly in the face of these fears. I want to grab that pen of the future, write the chapter, and what will often happen is we'll set goals that are so lofty that only then put us back in that same position once we fail reaching those goals. So it puts us back in that pattern of rumination of like, see, I knew it. I can't break this pattern. I tried with goals to break this pattern. I only defaulted back to what I was doing in the past and that narrative becomes stronger. So you made a key point, Michael, that I would love to unpack around the values and goals equation because we can't just focus on goals to write our future. Yeah. So the concept of goals and values is really something that for those going through the X factor accelerator and unstoppable, this is one of the key takeaways they have. Like every single time at the end of the training, when people's lives have changed, most of them will point to the concept of values and goals because they say, yeah, I only ever had goals. I had no idea what values are. And I want you to think about explaining this on a high level. I want you to think about goals and values as two sides of the same coin. And once they work together, or let me give you a geeky metaphor, think about playing Street Fighter on the Nintendo and you had like the punches and then you had the kicks. And once you brought both of them together, though, that's when the superpowers unfolded. When you bring values and goals together, that's when the superpowers come out. So goals, everyone knows what those are. They're destinations in the future. They're waypoints we want to reach. They have milestones, other good stuff. Everyone, most people know what goals are. Values, however, are present moment oriented. They don't happen in the future. They happen right here, right now. And they define how I, as Michael, want to show up in the world.  It's not what do I want to achieve. It's what do I want to be? Who do I want to be? So for me, my values are hope, adventure, responsibility, integrity, laughter, and self-care. And they happen in the present moment. As we're talking here, I have my water ready. I ate some fruit before we started recording self-care.  Pardon my French. This is integrity kicking in. And so values have this amazing ability that whatever you are doing in the moment, whether it's pleasant, whether it's unpleasant, whether it's something ambitious, something difficult, something easy, you can make it your own by bringing your values in. Whether that is a workout or watching TV, like what would watching TV look like if you brought in your values, hope, adventure, self-care, whatever it might be? Suddenly the things that we do change just a little bit. And now you have this two-part combo and then I'll shut up about one of my favorite topics. You have your goals that orient you towards the future and you have the values that give you orientation in the here and now. How do I want to show up right here and now? And if they're set up really well, then your values are automatically going to lead you to the fulfillment of your goals as well. If my value is self-care and my goal is, I don't know, running a marathon, I don't know, they go hand in hand. I think for a lot of people, if they actually thought about their values in relation to watching television, I bet a lot of people would be turning that thing off and selling it. For myself, how I came to get to my values, and this came from Russ Harris' book, The Happiness Trap, where it is the easy thought experiment of what would you do if you were financially set, right? You have a hundred million dollars, what are you going to be doing? And of course, everyone's thoughts go to the vacation that they're going to take and how they're going to relax, but that only lasts so long. After you do all that, what are you going to do? What are the things that are important to you? For me, going through that exercise came to my values very easily. And then upon looking at those values and what my week looks like, and then recognizing if anything was not value-oriented and if it was adding to my life or was redundant or was left over from previous living where those values weren't set, I got rid of a lot of things. And then everything that was tied to my values became more important. They became more fun. They became the things that I was excited about because I recognized in those simple tasks, the value that I got from them. That's why they're so important. And it was easy to go from staring at the ceiling and ruminating and trying to figure things out, to wanting to go to bed early because I was excited because everything that I was doing the next day was tied to the things that allowed me to extract the most enjoyment out of life. And I think it's easy for a lot of us to default to goals because it's a destination. It feels good. There's a sense of accomplishment and a finality to it. So if you stretch to that goal, you reach it, you celebrate yourself, you feel victorious, that's all great. And I wish nothing more than success for everyone listening to the show. But we know that there will be roadblocks on the way to those goals. There will be friction. We're not setting goals that are easily achievable for ourselves if we're listening to this podcast.  What do you do in that moment? We talked about this a little bit earlier, but that's a choice point. So you recognize you have a pattern. You recognize there's a chapter in your life that you want to rewrite from the past. And now we're living in that present moment. The goal is in the future. The goal is off in the distance. You want to get there. And oftentimes we'll just lean on discipline and motivation. And it would be wonderful if we were all David Goggins and we just had discipline and spades and we just had endless motivation like Tony Robbins. But a lot of us sometimes struggle with discipline in that moment or struggle with motivation. And we can't rely on either of those at this choice point of how I'm going to behave in this present moment based on the goal that's in the future and the friction I'm facing right now. And you can choose to default to that past pattern, default to that white knight in my case and just answer the phone and immediately offer help and drop everything else and kill yourself care and kill your goals and help your family member achieve their goals. Or you can choose to let go of that pattern, not be the white knight in this case and move towards your values of actually taking care of yourself, self-care, creating that boundary. We are constantly facing these choice points in our lives and goals are not the answer in these moments. Goals are not reachable for us in these moments. I wish they were. I wish we could add smooth sailing towards our goals, but we don't. And that's why the values conversation is so helpful in these choice point moments, right, Michael? Yeah, definitely. And there's something important to notice about these choice points as well. And taking a toward move, this is how Russ Harris phrased that going through a choice point, you can make a toward move, which means moving towards your goals, towards your values, towards the life you want, or in a way move from all of that. And dear listener, beware when you're making a toward move going through a choice point, it's going to be uncomfortable because now you're introducing the uncertainty that we talked about before. You do an a way move. You go back to your autopilot, old behavior. You know exactly what's going to happen. And while that's not the optimal outcome, it's a safe one. It's a sure one. It happened all the time. You know what's coming. Make a toward move towards the new life, the new page, the new actions you want to take. The uncertainty, welcome. This is part of it. And it's beautiful because there's possibility there. There's hope there. And something that I also want to prepare the listener for because we see this an unstoppable when we talk about choice points in the very first module. People recognize the choice points they missed at the end of the day. Or they would come to our Saturday Q&A and say, Michael, there are so many choice points and I saw them when they were passed. An hour later, I realized I had a choice in that moment. And I went with the old option. On Friday, I realized that on Monday, there was this great opportunity. And that is perfectly all right. Recognizing choice points at the beginning when you're still learning, when you're growing, when you're trying this out for the first time, it is totally normal to recognize these choice points when it's too late. And that's okay because that will happen once or twice. And the next time you're at the choice point, you're like, no, no, no. This one I know, I missed it twice, but now I saw it coming from a mile away and I'm ready for it. And recognize that these toward moves are going to have resistance from others. Oh, yeah. Again, going back to my example, just because I no longer want to be the white knight, there's resistance from my family members around me now choosing not to solve their problems, choosing not to put priority on their issues above everything else on my to-do list and the things that I need to do to be the best version of myself. And that resistance will be hard and it may result in me making an away move, defaulting back to that old pattern. But how I continue to show up in those choice points and choose to go toward my goals and orient my behaviors around my values, the more in alignment I am, the better I am at rewriting my old story. Now, this is important because it's counterintuitive, right? We think, as we talked about earlier, that it's delete, delete, delete, it's just edit, it's go back to the past, think about it, think positively about things that have been negatively in the past and it's rewritten. No, what actually happens is at these choice points, making towards move over time, I'm writing on that blank page who I am moving in my core values towards my goals and those behaviors then become the new story that ultimately overtakes the old story. And I don't remember all of my failures from middle school. I know Johnny has a silly story about his milk, but I don't remember all of those things. But I can tell you what's gone on over the last 10 years of my life we're constantly orienting ourselves around memories, but memories fade, memories get overwritten by future events and things that are happening to us in the here and now. And that's the more important part of this exercise. So now you're sitting there going great, AJ, but this one time I failed miserably in my PhD thesis presentation. And I've been holding onto this for 10 years now. And I'm recognizing choice points, but this is really painful part of my past. What do I do? The answer is self compassion. We have to recognize that those events as terrible as they were, they're unchangeable. But we can bring self compassion into the equation to how we think about our behaviors in those past moments, to now having the recognition around these patterns. I can give myself self compassion for being the white knight and dropping the ball on my own goals and letting down the people that I care about for my family. I can give myself compassion for choosing to act in ways that I thought in that moment were helpful for me, but actually were negatively impacting my life and the people that I love and care about. That's an important part of this equation. So we're not saying just completely ignore the past and forget about the past and shove it aside. We're recognizing that the past is still present. There's a blank page in front of you. There's a future to be written. We talked about how orienting around goals and values create choice points and allow you to take control of the pen as you write the future. But let's unpack what we can do around that self compassion side of things for those in our audience, Michael, who are struggling with those negative results and negative stories. Again, this negativity bias is just inherent to our brains and it kept us safe. You wanted to use the stick much more than the carrot, but we humans also had this weird ability to if I go through something I screwed up and my best buddy went through the same thing and screwed it up. I'm going to be really kind to that dude. He said, come on. You tried your best. It wasn't your day.  It made sense that you reacted like this, but would I say the same thing to me? Oh, no. I really screwed this up. However good I am, such a bad person. Part of this self-compassion idea is to speak to yourself like you would to your best friend. What would you say? The idea here is also that you unearthed a couple of things that are part of that story.  You screwed it up, but let's look at why. Well, you know, I really tried. I really tried. Okay, look, that's a new aspect. We haven't thought about this before. You really put the work in. You really worked hard and it wasn't your day. You didn't sleep well. You were a little bit sick. You prepared for the wrong questions. Look, that all makes sense. You tried your best, but it didn't work out. Or it might even be, hey, look, you had a bad day. You were lazy. You did see your mistake. Come on, like everyone screws up every once in a while, right? It's bringing that voice into the past story to find peace with that chapter that might bring up so much pain. I think it's very easy to see in real time with sports, right? When Tom Brady be as successful as he was, if he wasn't able to shake off bad interceptions during a game, and think about the other players, right? If he was ruminating on it or they noticed that he wasn't in the game because of what had happened, they're going to tell him, listen, shake that off. We got to go. It's time to move. And so when Michael says, talk to yourself like you're talking to your best friend, it's the same way. Shake it off. We got a game to play. And it's not, hey, Tom, I'm sorry that you did that. We only end up now go sit at the bench and figure out what had happened and how you're feeling about it and what you think you can do to do better. It's shake it off. We have a game to play. We're at choice point. We are going to move forward and move to the better. I think another example of this is for anyone that's ever been on a trip or an event with a friend who maybe had gotten dumped or is feeling down about himself.  Shake it off. Let's go. We're here in the present. You can do all of that all you want later. But right now it's about having the time of our lives or doing what we need to do to get to where we need to go. And there is a future to be written for all of us. There's a blank page in front of you. So in recognizing that self compassion is one of the best ways to manage the patterns in the past that we recognize in ourselves. Bring those patterns to the forefront as you orient yourself around your goals of what you actually want to achieve in spite of that pattern you may have had. And the values, the other side of the coin of how you can show up in that present moment at these choice points. And now you're grabbing the pen at the choice point and you're writing the future chapters and you're narrating your movie that you're the star of in a meaningful way that actually creates the behavior change in your life that gets you closer to those goals if not achieve those goals faster. That is why it's so important to recognize it can be easy to fall into the trap of just holding on to the past and wanting to hit the delete button on these stories or you might be ruminating and trying to find other lenses that you can look at the story through to have a different viewpoint.  Recognizing that pattern is not enough to break it. We have a choice in the matter and we want to help you here at the art of charm write the future in a way that lives out those values and goals that we all have for ourselves.


Aspirin is commonly used by kidney transplant recipients to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke. However, it can also increase the risk of bleeding, especially in those who have recently undergone surgery. This study found that aspirin reduces the risk of allograft failure, allograft thrombosis, and major adverse cardiac events or death in kidney transplant recipients, but does not affect the risk of allograft rejection or delayed graft function. Further research is needed to determine whether the potential benefit of aspirin outweighs the risk of bleeding in specific kidney transplant patient populations. This article was authored by Wizard Chumpasiporn, Charathong Praen, Donald G. Mitema, and others.


So Morgan, you left Tennessee as a football player in your early 20s. Now you're back in your mid 30s as a Tennessee Titans football player. What's this like? It's a dream come true. I mean, it's really the only way that I can put it is just it's a dream.  It's exciting, man. I'm really excited to be a Tennessee Titan. I've been a fan since it came from Houston and saw the Liberty Bowl games and came to some games when I was in high school with a bunch of buddies and we were painted our chests. I mean, there's some pictures that probably shouldn't make it out, but probably will at some point. So let me ask, you went to games at the Liberty Bowl?  So of course I had to check it out. I was just starting to play football. It was an exciting time to have a pro football team nearby. So let me ask you, mid 30s, 175 NFL games and four pro bowls and all pro selection. You got two boys, you got a wife. Was there ever a point where you thought, well, this thing in Baltimore is coming to an end. Maybe I'm not gonna keep playing. Never a point. I got a lot of tread on the tires and I'm excited to be a Tennessee Titan and to contribute in every way that I know how. I've played a lot of seasons and I've seen a lot of stuff so far and man, I'm just excited to be here and be a part of a great group, a great team and excited to see what I can contribute. Morgan, what do you like best about this job as a professional football player? It's tough to pick one thing. I mean, just getting to be a part of a team, I would say it is one of my favorite things. I get to be in the locker room and get to be a part of something that's bigger than me, I think. And we're all in this position for a reason and then we should use it for good. And so I'm excited to be back home but I'm most excited about the platform that we have here and being able to do good around the city and do good around our community. Have you been in contact with Brett Kern yet? Absolutely. Brett was one of the first people that I called. I was so excited to get to join him here and we're gonna get to work, man. We're gonna be exciting this year and do a lot of great things. So overall goals for you, you've won a Super Bowl. You know what that's like. We mentioned all pro and pro bowls. What's left for Morgan Cox to do? My goal each day is to pursue excellence. Once you get a taste of that success and that level of ball, you crave it every day and that's kind of where I am right now. I mean, one's not enough. Been through a lot and I know kind of what it takes to get back to that level. And so I'm excited to bring years of expertise and stuff and just kind of my years in the league and I'm excited but humbled to be a part of this organization at the same time. We certainly respect the Baltimore Ravens, have competed with them at a high level, but understand their excellence and respect what they do. From your standpoint on the other side in looking at the Titans and now becoming part of the organization, what is it that you see that made you wanna be a part of this team? The Titans Command respects every year we've been competing in the playoffs and stuff so I'm excited to be a part of this team and to get to contribute, go back to the playoffs and reach that pinnacle again.