y Killer one going to go through Today's that Penny stock that I think could grow fast. Will go into this. This is one of the stocks that is involved. In mega emerging industries and I really do think because it's involved in these really strong industries that are going to grow exponentially over time that this stock could go up a decent amount and I think that this is one of these stocks that's got a lot of potential in terms of being a penny stock. So you've got a bear that in mind as Wellatile is a penny stock, felly byddwch roedd am ymgylchedd ar gael. Gallwn ni'n meddwl i'n meddwl bach ar gyfer gyngor eich cyllid ymlaen oherwydd mae'r eich mynd i', ac yn ddwy o'r cyfrif Fillyng am y dyfodol. Felly nôl ym bod i'n meddwl ym môl ymveitio dawn i gyrraedd gydajoddor cyfraffi'r fideo ni'n cael ei ffordd i gydag. Nid efallai ymlaen i rôl i'r ei fideo gan hyn ar gyfer teithasol. felly Panagor pan oedd eu gyrraedd ymlaen ymbyddiol a when people are searching penny stocks, then they come across any of these sorts of penny stock videos so thank you for all the support on the channel and please leave the video a like and let's get right into the information I've got for you today. So the stock we're talking about today is called Poet Technologies Poeet Technologies so who are they? So first of all what's so good about Poet Technologies? Firstly they've got an established team they've got o'r teimloll wedi cyfnodd o product argyfweld yn y bydd y cyfnodd yn ychydig, sy'n gwybod yna. Un o'r bwysig yw'n gwybod yma, gan gwybod hefyd, mae'r cyfnodd yn dod o'r cyfnodd i fynd o'r bydd, a'r cyfnodd yn gwybod yma, yn y bwysig yw'r bydd yn gwrthwynd. Felly mae'r cyfnodd yn gwybod.  Ond they got the mission which is establish an industry leadership position in the chip scale integrated photonics with validated disruptive IP protected optical interposer platform components for data center 5G, one of the growing industries and ac yw'r gwaith cyfwyd, optych. Rydyn ni'n gwneud y model cyfwyddiant o'r gwerthu syrreg. Yn y gallu bod chi'n gael rhai product, oedd cyfwyddiant ac ymlaen y ffordd y cyfwyddiant yw'r gwerthu byddiant o'r model cyfwyddiant. Nid yw'r cyfwyddiant sy'n gwerthu sy'n gwrthu? Nid yw'r cyfwyddiant sy'n gael rhai yw'r cyfwyddiant sy'n gwybod o'r cyfwyddiant? Felly, ydy'r clywed o'r amgylchedd yn ymgyrch yn ymgyrch yn ymgyrch yn cymdeithasol. yn y porygau cymryd yn cymryd. Ac mae gennym y dyfodol yn ein cyffredinol yn ymgyrch. Ac mae gennym y dyfodol yn ymgyrch, ac mae gennym eich ymgyrch yn ymgyrch. Wyn iawn, oherwydd yn ei chybl yn ymgyrch yn y bydd y dyfodol. A dyfodol yn ymgyrch yn ymgyrch yn ymgyrch yn ymgyrch. i ddylch gyda'r 5G yn y tro, sydd gennym ar y producthau yn eu hunain ar ddiwedd yn y Cyfrifodol mega hwn i'r cyfrifodol, sy'n ei gwybod fforddol â gyfrifodol, yn cyfrifodol yn cyfrifodol i awdurdod ac ar 5G. Gŷn nhw'n ffordd â'r producthau ar y credu i gynhyrchu'r gwyliadau pan oedd eich bydd wedi i ff Shirwyr ac roedd yn ddweud y gydag ddweud i'r ffordd o'r ffordd o'r canol. Rwy'n meddwl i'r ffordd o'r ffordd o'r canol yw'r ffordd o'r 6,300 ysgrifennu yn y ffordd 28 ysgrifennu. If you're new to the channel, then please subscribe. Help us get to that 10,000 subscriber range. Leave a like on the video to help it get up into those YouTube search results and algorithms. It really does help out the channel. So looking deeper into this, what is their manufacturing strategy? Because if they're producing and creating manufactured products in these emerging industries, they've have to really have a sound manufacturing strategy to make sure that one, they can keep up with demand, but also have the products that are suitable for these industries. So first of all, they've got the optical interposer, okay, and that's owned and designed. Then they've got the photonic devices in terms of some of the products. They've got electronics off the shelf, electronics, and then assembly and test in terms of Poet, GV and Consolidate in the supply chain. So what do this do? It enables at scale manufacturing a consolidated supply chain. So at scale is really important because the scalability of this business is really important because if these are emerging mega trend industries, then they've got to be able to scale up their manufacturing on the products that they're creating. Now moving into the focus. So what is their focus? So their focus is on creative disruption, okay. So they say as a company, as a company, Poet technologies has always been focused on this disruptive potential of its technologies, applying our knowledge of the design and fabrication of active photonic service devices and optical waveguards with a deep understanding of semiconductor fabrication techniques. We've all created this first ever wafer level integration of electronics and photonics into a single device, the Poet optical interposer. With all fabrications, assembly, alignment, testing, burning and packaging is done at wafer level, the Poet optical interposer achieves the lowest cost of integrating technologies, integrating electronics and photonics with unparalleled scalability. So these are two unique selling points. So they've got the lowest cost, which is really good. But then they've also got that scalability factor as well. It's involved in platform technology and optical interposer based solutions to span multiple product generations and a wide variety of applications. So this is in terms of the industry mega trends, the trends in a lot of these growing industries, which some of these products can apply towards and actually be used for, right? This is a very impressive penny stock from what I can see so far in my research. Obviously do your own research and by no means an expert. But I do think this stock is an interesting one. First of all, what is an optical interposer? So they've been used for several years to allow electronic devices, microprocessors and memory to communicate with each other via high speed metal traces embedded in a semiconductor. So that's one in terms of that. And then you've got the transceiver. So what's that? So transceivers convert digital electric signals generated by conventional electric devices into light waves that can be transmitted over optical fibers with high data density. So just a bit about the products there that they're creating and involved in. You can also see in terms of the finances here, you can see in terms of here, that it's not too bad. It's okay-ish. I mean, you've got the current cash here, cash and equivalents, and then also you've got your liabilities. So they've got the assets there and then the liabilities here. So assets to liabilities is not too bad. So it's a pretty decent balance. It's a pretty decent financial position in this company in terms of what they're doing there. And if you've got a very minor penny stock, this is pretty okay. It's not fantastic. It could be a lot better, but it's okay. So what are some of the benefits of this product? So it's in an emerging industry or it's involved in not just one emerging industry, but many emerging industries of which these products can be applied to. They've got a wide product portfolio. They've got a really good vision and mission. They're very ambitious with what they want to achieve. And if they achieve upon their vision and mission, this stock could be incredibly, incredibly see massive returns on this. Bear in mind it could be. You've got to do your own research as well. Don't take my word for it. Don't take everything what I say for what I say. You do your own research as well so that you then believe in the stock and you're not going to sell it at a low price point because again, it's volatile. Remember, penny stocks are volatile and it's not a bad financial position as well that they're in. One of my slight concerns is like the products are. I had to really get my head around it. The products are slightly harder to understand than some of the stocks. Right. So they've got to figure out a way where they can really communicate that message of the product and what the product does and why it's important really effectively to get more investors on board, I would say. So this is the current price point of the stock 0.84 USD. I do think that this stock has got the potential to 5X in the long term, okay, because if they're able to produce these products in these mega trend emerging industries, then I think that that's got a lot of potential in terms of the revenue implications. So I do think in the future in terms of the long term, it's got potential to 5X. In the medium term, it could potentially double in the next six months or so. But I think it's one of these that you would establish a position in and build up a position in. And again, if you can catch this around ideally around this sort of 0.7 level, this would be ideal to getting into this stock. But also at this price, it is fairly cheap given the research and the information and the products and the industries that it's involved in. So this is one to consider. I do think it's got a lot of potential. So thanks for watching the video. Don't forget to subscribe to the channel if you're new and turn on the notification bell. We cover many penny stocks. So welcome to the channel if you're new. And also do like the video to help it get up into the YouTube search results on this video. And then that will be fantastic as well. So thanks for all the support and I'll see everybody later.


Hello, my name's Gary Weir, I'm CFA's manager of Forestry Industry Brigades and Wildfire Planning. The truck behind me is a new build for CFA, an ultra-heavy tanker. For many years our members, especially out in the far west and the north have been telling us that we've got to build a bigger tanker, a tanker that carries more water so they don't have to continuously go back and refill like they do with our smaller trucks. So what we've built here is a truck that carries 9,000 litres of water for them, built on a Hino cab chassis and about 24 tonnes in weight. This truck here means for our volunteers that where they're grass firefighting in the flatter country, they've now got the opportunity with 9,000 litres of water to operate on the fire line at least twice as long as what they used to. That means that they're going back to refill half as many times. Now that's a huge increase in productivity for our members out in those grassed areas. This tanker is used for grass firefighting and general firefighting, especially where we've got issues with not having access to reticulated water or close by to large quantities of static water. It can be used for grass firefighting, it can also be used in those remote areas for a lot more even urban type firefighting in that it carries 9,000 litres of water. Using an ultra large tanker it's built a bit differently from tankers that we've traditionally built in the past. This truck is all about supplying water in areas where water access is remote. For that reason it hasn't got a lot of lockers on it, it's a very big truck, putting lockers on it where they're actually accessible was challenging. So its urban ability is limited, however where you've got your rural areas which are remote from water this truck will come into its own with the 9,000 litres of water it carries. Aside from its limited urban capability it's set up generally like most of our tankers in regards to how you fill the truck, how it actually delivers the water. It's a GAM Mark 300 pump, three cylinder diesel and its capacity is about 1400 litres of water a minute. It shouldn't be confused with our bulk water carrier which we've also just recently introduced into service. The bulk water carrier is not a firefighting appliance, however it is able to carry 11,500 litres of water. This tanker which is our ultra heavy tanker is set up for firefighting, it has a crew protection system on it, it has a front monitor for firefighting and it carries 9,500 litres of water. This can self fill with the pump and it takes about six minutes to fill from a static water supply. This tanker like all tankers traditionally has the ability for a crew to operate on the deck provision for two members to work there. It also has a front monitor 450 litres per minute maximum has a foam system A-class. The A-class foam tank is 200 litres which is a lot bigger than most of our other tankers in service. This truck is on tour along with another one that's pretty well identical to this. One truck is currently on tour in the far northwest with ops officer Matt Gardner conducting that tour and the other truck is on tour with Hottie Small, one of our contractors showing it around doing the rest of the state. For the next few months both will be available for the various brigades to have a look at and they'll have a chance to actually use it and have a look at how it's designed. There also can be discussions in regards to how this bigger truck can be used within the district at a strategic level. This truck requires a heavy licence to operate at 24 tonnes. This is new to CFA in the rural area. Traditionally our trucks have all been designed around operating with a medium rigid licence. When we've been talking to our members out west and in the far northwest they're indicating this should not be too much of a problem in that it's quite common for their members already to have heavy licences. Both of these trucks will be going into service this summer and they're all located currently in the far northwest of the state. Going on we are looking at making them available generally across the state where there's a need for these style of trucks and brigades should be talking to their local districts in regards to where they could be best located to meet the needs. Thanks for your time today. It's been great to be able to explain this new vehicle in CFA service and we're looking forward to seeing more of them out there in the field. Thank you.


Good evening and welcome to episode 11 of the private property podcast. I'm your host Zaman Dunga Kumalu and on day 28 of the national lockdown and on this evening's episode I'm joined by Grant Gavin who's the owner of Remax Panache a speaker and a business coach And we'll be talking about you know some of the costs that goes that that are involved in Selling your home So yesterday we're speaking about how to increase the value of your property in the event where you wanted to And today we'll be discussing some of the costs and some of them aren't just financial They are various costs involved and that perhaps many people would not know of I know I certainly learned quite a few when I was Speaking to Grant a bit earlier grant. Thank you so much for joining us this evening As I went to grow and asked to be here. Hello everybody And I'll still distraction before our president addresses the nation again I know I think all of us are anticipating that address this evening And and most likely more likely than not we'll probably get another extension I mean if we've been looking at some of the figures from the health minister more likely to receive another Extension in our lockdown. So it's going to be interesting to hear what the president's update is going to be But before that, I think let's do a little bit of property grants I mean I was saying that we're going to be talking about some of the costs Of course the biggest one is very likely the the agents commission Touched on it slightly in the episode 10 of the private property podcast But I want us to actually look a little bit into the agent commission that goes into that Cost when selling of all Yeah, I mean very simplistically We always say the buyer is responsible for his transfer costs and his transfer duty costs when he purchases and the seller's main Cost is commission as agents commission, but as we were talking about offline, you know Seller has choices and has options and a seller can elect will choose to sell his or her house on their own in which case They avoid commission or they can choose to use an agency and then there is a charge for commission and somewhere in the middle Now we have these Harvard real estate agency. So, you know, I said right now today has so many different options And basically that's gonna make a decision Do I want professional assistance or do I want to do it on my own? And then, you know, the cost is relative because it's not just my price Value that you get as well And maybe let's speak a little bit about that value right because I think different as we say, I mean They're different agencies that work differently.  Most importantly, how are you gonna guard me on what's happening in the market right now? You know, are you a local market expert and It's the top producing agents in any area who are selling multiple properties who know the market better than anybody else But also more than that.  What is your marketing strategy? How do you market yourself?  How are you gonna bring buyers to my property and how you're gonna assist me get the highest possible price in the shortest amount of time? So there's a whole range of questions that a seller can can ask an agent and And my advice to any seller is to question any prospective agent or agency on those points that I've mentioned there You know surprisingly grant, you know as you are mentioning some of these questions It's questions that I that would have not occurred to me. I think as people are probably sitting at home We wouldn't even know what questions to ask a potential Agent because chances are some people go with the first person that they come across As opposed to also actually shopping around and interviewing the very different agents to see if they're the right fit So when you think about it from this, I mean if you interviewed an agent and you said to the agent Where are your buyers gonna come from and they said I'm gonna list your home on private property And that was the only thing they said to you Where's the differentiation there between agent a b c d or me as a seller listing it on private property myself You know, so the question that you need to ask the agent in terms of what is your marketing strategy How are you different to any other agents in the market and how are you different to me doing this myself? And that's what every seller should be asking And and and I hope that that's actually insightful, you know information for viewers at home I I've so I've never had to sell a property. I've been buying So far and and so the selling Processes quite quite new in many ways for me I've only had conversations with different people and often a lot of people in my circles are in the property circle So they're more likely than not going to know an agent who would More likely than not also just refer them to an area specialist So they're guaranteed to be working with the right person for that particular area I'm probably understand that this is the person who understands my area who bring the report around the sales in the area So even when you're setting a price you not overpricing your property But you're also not undercutting yourself and I think as a prospective seller It's so important that we understand it and see it from the other side that this is a service where value is given And you can opt to do it for yourself But this is what you're not going to get because the reality is for the most part we we're not experts in this So getting professional help does actually come in quite handy And and every you know, not every seller is selling a home every year So, you know, typically most sellers are selling their home in any way between five to 17 years You know, who knows what it's going to be like in our new economy now after that Um, but that is the number one most important aspect of selling a home We are not going to pitch this home to the market What price am I going to put it on it and is that price going to attract buyers in in the given current market conditions? and With all due respect to any seller It's it's very very difficult to sit there and pick up the sunday paper or go on to private property And look at the prices of all the properties that are listed and think that you can compare your homes to those And then set a price that's going to attract buyers to start, you know, coming through your home and putting putting pen to paper And it's it's the quite often the buyers On the other end of the spectrum who know value before mr. And this is seller because the buyers, you know, when your home's listed on the market Those buyers have already been looking for two to three weeks. They've probably run through two to five to 10 different homes They're really getting a really good understanding of what represents value in the current market So if your home gets listed on the market above market value, those buyers are very smart They're very well educated now and they'll stay away from something that's overcast So buyers just as much as agents understand what value represents In any given market And I think, you know, if you look at shows just like this one and even when you go on private property.co.ca We have various resources that are now more than ever empowering You know buyers in helping them make the right decision on their home ownership journey So the times of you know setting a price and thinking people are just going to go for their price Are not going to negotiate it down. I essentially gone So if you're a seller, those are some of the things that you essentially need to think about Now given one of the things before we get to the stuff that costs rands in the sense One of the things that you actually mentioned When we're speaking offline was also the opportunity cost of the property being on the market for too long Can you just take us through that particular cost? You know what I was referring to there It doesn't just have Sorry, it doesn't have to just occur to somebody who is distressed or a seller is distressed Any seller that chooses to List their home by themselves and try and sell their home by themselves to save money If they don't get it right from the beginning and their home stays on the market for three to six months longer They would have taken if they used the services of a professional person There's the opportunity cost of that home being on the market And the biggest opportunity cost there is that the eventual selling price Will be lower the longer that home stays on the market Any property that stays on the market for a prolonged period of time And we've got statistics in our office to prove this that the eventual asking price as a percentage of the original listing price Is lower the longer the home stays on the market. It becomes stale And it becomes almost like a stigmatized property where people stay away from it Oh, there must be something wrong with that property. So then there's a cost of not just the reduced eventual purchase price that you achieve But there's also the cost of holding that property for a much longer period of time And I make reference to people who could be in distress You know, they might make a decision to to go for the cheapest alternative of selling their home Which is to do it themselves. But if you get it wrong You're going to be going to an agency six months down the line Who will then start the process at the correct price and with the correct marketing strategies And this prolonged period of time actually ends up costing people and it's painful for us to see because we know Particularly people in distress They're trying to hang on for a higher price because of what they need to get themselves out of trouble But what ends up happening is their price the property too high it stays on for too long And end up carrying the cost of their property for a lot longer as well And if anything, I mean, I I know with some of the properties that I've bought Is that the moment I can see that our properties being on the market for too long I already use that when I negotiate because I can say but this actually has a move for A number of months and one of the questions I'll probably ask myself is a is there something wrong with it b Is it overpriced and if it's overpriced and it's still not moving Then I know that I can go in on a law offer and if you see I mean I've seen certain properties being on the market for over a year And and by that time the the seller is willing to pretty much take any offer Because it stayed on the market for longer than what they anticipated And it's easy to even get sometimes even up to 40 50 less than what they were asking for And I think we're now getting to a point where a lot of sellers a lot of buyers We're already thinking on that level. We literally look at when did you list this and if you're interested in an error I mean I have alerts on the different areas that I'm interested in so I'm able to see that actually your property Was on you first try to sell it by yourself and now you've given it to this agent And now you've changed agents because times as I as a seller you probably didn't want to go You don't want to listen to the agent in terms of the pricing And now you go to another one and it's still priced incorrectly So by the time you go to the third person who advises you to let go Let's say it's 40,000 and less I know I can still low ball like I can still put in a law offer because it's been sitting On such a badly priced You know price point that it's easy for me to say but you've been hanging on to this for over 12 months If you're really serious here's the offer So I always I used to do seller educational workshops and I do buyers educational workshops And one of the stories I used to tell the seller because it's very hard for a real estate person to speak to us A seller about pricing because I always think we're trying to keep their price down But what we're trying to do is price it realistically to attract demand from buyers So I use a story of walking into a bakery I don't know if you've ever walked into a bakery early in the morning When I lived in London, there was an amazing bakery called Greg's Bakery We walked past and you could smell the fresh croissants in the morning So those fresh croissants come out there maybe one pound of croissants and they smell really really fresh And you just want to go in and bar that croissant because it's just smelling so good Come back at lunchtime and that smells now gone And now he's made his fresh sandwiches for lunchtime and it's the sandwiches that are smelling good So you can't continue to sell the fresh croissant for one pound now He's got to bring the price down to 50p and hope somebody marries it When they're competing now with the sandwiches We'll pass that baker in the evening When maybe they've got other sorts of things out there or the croissants are now so stale You're not going to sell them for 50p and eventually at the end of the day He's giving them away or he's throwing them out And it's the same thing as your you know, your house just goes stale if it stays on the market for longer And the consumer is very aware of it And that is very true if you've just joined in you're of course tuned into the private property podcast I'm your host is amandonga kumal and today we're talking about some of the costs involved in selling your home and joining me for our conversation Is grant Gavin who is the owner of free max panache is a speaker and also a business coach We're of course taking some of your comments or questions If you're watching us from home and if you'd like us to address some of them Do send them through and grant and I will go through them We've got a comment here coming in from Cleveland Gormo who asks We are dealing with an educated market currently in terms of buyers The fair wear and tear and condition of the property plays a very good role in getting the required value of the property Which is exactly what we're saying grant and another one here from Desiree Ranoco This one is a question and she asks can a seller still negotiate the commission fee even after signing the market agreement contract So when you say the market agreement, I'm talking you're talking about the sole mandate agreement or the right to listen The mandate agreement between the owner and the agent Strictly speaking it's a legal document and if it's agreed between a seller and an agent at the beginning of the agreement for the contract That we will sell your house for four percent or five percent. It is a contracted agreement So strictly speaking it's cost and stone Is anything allows negotiable? Absolutely And now you know granted actually like us then to go through some of the more rands in sense Issues in terms or items that a seller or prospective seller needs to be mindful of beyond the the What is this the agents commission that we're speaking about earlier? And of course one of them is the the rates and taxes clearance certificates I mean some people probably might not be aware of it. Can you just take us through that a little bit? Yeah, I think it's really pertinent. So obviously you've got to be up to date with your rates and taxes for a property to be registered or transferred So if there's unpaid rates and taxes and again, I refer specifically to people who've fallen behind Those have to be caught up to date They have to be paid up to date before you get a rates clearance certificate When it comes to buying in sectional title schemes and selling your property in sectional title schemes they're going to ask you for about three months of sectional title Ladies in the complex and they're going to take that up front Just so that there's a there's a whole timing factor and then they sort of tally it up at the end and they'll reimburse if it's been overpaid or underpaid So I think more pertinently right now is that people are falling behind on their rates and taxes They have to understand that if they want to sell their property They have to catch up with those costs because the municipality will not issue a rates clearance certificate And I think the the big thing to note with that one. I can't remember which which year Where the legislation changed where I mean, I know previously you would buy a property and the the The municipality amount would then fall on the new buyer But now of course legislation has changed where that sticks with the seller and As a buyer you essentially get it at zero and a new account has started with you because that you see quite a big pressure point Where people would buy properties and they weren't aware that all this money essentially accumulated and you buy a property only to discover that You know, they're in areas 50 80 100,000 rands. So now that's actually not possible So as a seller you essentially need to make sure and this grant is saying that not only are you paid up Or that not only do you keep up with the payments, but that you also paid up and of course then the other Costs grant and without even having to get a sense of how much it is an actual rents and cents But the other costs are some of the compliance certificates that go into When you have to sell your place Yeah, so by law you've got to get something like an electrical compliance certificate Provences you have to get planning certificates You have to get a entomologist report and those costs are all for the for the seller's account Of course, it's not just the cost of the certificate, which is in some instances mostly, you know, quite a reasonable cost But I'll never forget once I used to buy and sell and flip properties and I bought a property On the barrier in the morning. So it was a very very old property and I bought it from a Deceased estate from a lady who had literally lived there for 60 or 70 years And she had never changed the electrical wiring from the old English uk standard I got the shock of my life, you know, it wasn't just about the inspection It was the fact that the electrician went in and said we have to rewire this entire flat It was about 14 15 000 rand that I've not accounted for So wherever there's repairs that need to be done, you have to repair the electrics to put it into foot working order for the next buyer For that for that electrician to sign off that certificate. So it's not just the certificate It's the electrical repairs that might come with that as well Yeah, I would imagine it's the same for the plumbing certificate We don't have that in KZN, but I know some provinces do have plumbing certificates that are required I think I actually I haven't had to have I haven't encountered needing a plumbing certificate But I know that it's certainly in certain areas. It's certainly something that you must account for I think even a gas certificate Um, it might be one of the items. Yeah, that you essentially need to have The one of your your um Comments earlier actually made a very valid point about the wear and tear So as a seller one of the costs and of maintenance is keeping your property in good condition You know, if you haven't painted your house for years or if you've allowed your electrics to deteriorate Or you haven't kept the garden in in good neck That's all going to impact on your price and ultimately the net proceeds that you're going to get from the sale If you're not putting money into electrical repairs But if you allow your your property to deteriorate in terms of physical maintenance That's going to massively impact the price that you are are going to get from a potential purchaser And I think then that also just speaks to As a as as an owner of a property, whether it's your primary residence or you've got You know rental properties just the importance of keeping sure that the property Kept the property that you're staying in but some some owners of Especially rental properties tend to then not take care of their rental properties Sometimes don't actually go and physically see how they look like they just let the agent be the one who does it for them But understanding the state of your rental property. Yes, it might be making you money right now Perhaps some years down the line. You might want to sell it. It's so important to then understand how that place looks like um at a very like regular level because Suppose then a couple of years later You actually want to offload that particular asset and you find that it's actually been worn out quite significantly And you might possibly not even get the price that you want for it And a lot of a lot of people a lot of homeowners underestimate That that is quite a significant cost and I'll say significant in terms of the value that you're going to get when you sell it one day You know, we always think of what about costs when i'm buying a property I've got to be able to afford my bond pay my rates pay my taxes pay my levies Whatever costs are associated with that but we forget that you know every sort of three to five years You're probably going to have to paint that house You have to paint the roof you have to clean the gutters You have to maintain the garden and if you don't It's only going to deteriorate over time and it gets to a point where by the time it comes to catch up on all that It becomes quite a costly expense It's a massive repair work, you know So it's it's quite a good idea to factor in those costs When you buy a property as well. I know we're talking about sellers now, but buying a home Is also entails maintaining that property and keeping it in good condition And it's definitely an episode that will touch on I think the the costs associated with home ownership Is something that people tend to underestimate quite significantly like you're saying I think even when Somebody's doing their budget for when or how their finances are going to look like after they've bought a place They often only account for example for the bond payment Some people don't even know that they have to account for example for the levies Perhaps insurance might be in the mix and the other associated costs So I think that's certainly an episode that we we need to have because you need to be going into home ownership understanding the different layers of home ownership and the different items that you essentially be paying for as you You know own your new property We've got another question here grants that's coming in this time from Lena Davis who asks if you are restructuring Would you also need to settle rates and taxes? By restructuring getting a new bond on the property I would assume it's restructuring is probably your your assets um Yeah, so probably a new bond or maybe when you're extending your finance Um, I think Lena if you're able to just outline for us what exactly mean by restructuring because they're different Things that you can restructure so you can restructure your actual I would imagine she's referring to refinancing her home. Um, yeah That's anything I can imagine You know, I think if you if you're on It's when you come to sell you need the rates clearance certificate. I'm not familiar You don't probably ask a bond finance person if they're refinancing a property. Do they need to see that rates and taxes are up to date I'm not entirely certain. I'm not going to give an answer. I don't know Okay, so I think in the event where you do mean refinancing or restructuring the portfolio Um, we'll be sure to get in our restructuring guide did say the last time we had a conversation I think we had yaku And there was quite a lot of questions around restructuring and how do we structure our property? In order for us to be getting maximum value for it and we did promise that we'll be covering You know, we'll have an episode around restructuring and structuring our property portfolios in the most efficient way So we'll definitely add that question When we have our next expert who will help us with that particular topic We've got another question here grant from cleavon gormo who asks How long are the certificates valid for and what recourse does one have in the event of any faults during the validity of the certificates? Who takes care of those costs? So you're talking about the electrical compliance certificates now That's that can cause such an issue in a real estate transaction particularly where sellers are choosing their friends and people that they know to come in and do Electrical compliance certificates and we've you know, we've had We've had so many instances unfortunately where a buyer has moved in there's a certificate But they'll go into the roof and there'll be a problem You know, then the owners is on that person who provided that certificates to prove the work that they did was was valid And it now becomes a legal issue between the new seller And you know going off person whose certificates was placed into the file the attorney's file It's a very difficult one. Look, it doesn't happen a lot a lot We've had a fair amount of instances of that over many many years But you know, it does become a challenge and particularly I always say to sellers It's hard to recommend and refer because you don't want to recommend and refer and somebody lets down But there is a panel of electrical compliance certificates or electricians Interologists that an estate agency will use time and time again. I always say to homeowners I would go with the recommendation of an estate agent because it is somebody that they deal with And they're reputable and there's always more come back with somebody who you have a longstanding relationship with It's very very difficult if you get your friends to suddenly just come in and because he's qualified and he puts together a certificate That leads to all sorts of challenges for all parties concerned. So, you know, the recommendation there is to use a reputable and a Electrical compliance company or an entomologist company that the estate agency deals with time and time again And you know, grand surprisingly one of the things that I've also found especially when buying up Rental properties is that sometimes you're able to get creative in some of the clauses that you put in the offer to purchase So for example, I mean I've seen certain buyers say that they'd like to Choose the electrical the company that does the electrical work in order to ensure that it's done Properly because we we we know of instances where sometimes a seller will You know pay their friend to do a certificate knowing very well that their their electrical work isn't actually up to date And sometimes we've seen sellers saying that they'd like to use their preferred Transferring attorneys. So there are different ways It's particularly your property investors have been able to navigate the offer to a purchase But like you're saying, I think more often than not very reputable estate agents would typically recommend A few companies that they they're used to working with and one would trust that especially that company is also reputable themselves That the work that's been that's been done is actually up to standard Comes down to relationships. So, you know, if you have a work a good working solid relationship with a reputable company Now when something goes wrong There's a vested interest from both parties to make it right Yeah, it's a once-off operation with a once-off transaction with a once-off supplier So much more difficult, you know, trying to get to the bottom of any resolve something because the flower bar not a type personality will just Flower bar not So I agree with your comments there. It's always better to use somebody where there's a good relationship with the estate agency and that particular company So Lena did come back to us. She was she was actually talking about refinancing So, you know, we'll definitely bring in an expert who will be helping us navigate When we restructure our portfolios when we refinance our portfolios What the what the effects of that are who are the different sort of stakeholders? You need to be notifying because I know you need to be having a conversation with your bank. How do you best structure that? So we'll definitely be covering that in our future episodes Of course, another cost grant is the bond cancellation fee in the event where the property that you're selling is responded Yes, a lot of people realize this is that when you cancel the bond sometimes you have a 90 day cancellation clause So it's better to put the notice in with your bank as soon as possible. So when you It's something that should be brought up by the estate agents as well as, you know Do you have a cancellation clause on your bond? Let's put in the notice now Let's let the bank know now. So at least we don't get a surprise When we sell the property and we've now got to pay three extra monthly payments on our bond Whatever the notice period may be So that is something that a lot of homeowners don't don't understand is that they may may not be a cancellation clause on your bond Okay, then the last one grant is the capital gains tax and I and we won't get too much into this one because can be quite technical Um, and I think that also needs its own experts, you know to kind of break it down for us But if you can just briefly go through capital gains tax as something that as a seller You need to be mindful of In the event where you're selling your property No capital gains tax is just a minefield of Loopholes and and various tactics and we actually had somebody come into our office and I was speaking to you or About this the best thing you can do with regards to any strategy towards capital gains tax Is to find an accountant or somebody who knows how to how to Understands the the entirety of that law No, it's your single primary residence. It's not as serious But you know, there are ways that you can bring your capital Tax down and your capital gains tax down you need to and again, this is what we're talking about right from the beginning Pay a professional person to do a good job for you and you will save way more money in the long run Pay a professional to sit with you and work out how you can reduce your capital gains tax Because there are so many ways that you can reduce capital gains tax that I didn't realize till I said in this training session, but Not many real estate agents are going to sit with you and explain to you how to reduce capital gains tax So my advice and that is to go and find The best financial person that you can and he or she will take you through the best route and then capital gains tax and grant before I let you go any tips that you'd have for any Sellers who are looking into selling their properties in the coming weeks or coming months Yeah, we're going into very very interesting times and we were chatting earlier just about we do not know First and foremost how the market's going to react when we all get released on parole and we come back out of our houses And we all flood back into the market. We value properties professional property Practitioners we value properties based on current sales and there have been zero sales pretty much over the over the month of April So we will only know how the market has been impacted because we start running buyers through homes again and we start taking office and you know We don't even know whether there's going to be a flood of homes coming onto the market after lockdown The indications are that you know, we really were in a buyers market before we went into lockdown If more people are going to be in distress if the economy is hurting The the indications there was that more stock will come onto the market Will become into after the lockdown period and that has implications on the market But how this market reacts is from me. It's really exciting now because it's it's going to be unknown territory You've got interest rates at almost historic lows. You've got two massive decreases in the last month So there is the potential for buyers to come out there and say it's an amazing time to bar But then the reality is is that you know, so many people could have lost their jobs over the last Or had salary reductions over the last month So how the buyer is going to react and we will only know when we step foot back into the marketplace And that's why I think now more than ever It's going to be so important to have a professional On your side who knows the market can read the market and will react to it as quickly as possible Because then we can adjust things like pricing strategies. We can get the home sold in the shortest possible time But it's yeah, I'm saying it's exciting and I don't mean to sound disrespectful It's just exciting because I don't know about you. I've never lived through a global pandemic before So this is the first time for all of us But you want to just know that you've got an expert who knows the local market And who will pick up the signs pick up the changes very very quickly and will be there to guide you and advise you along the way We've got two last Questions for from our listeners at home grant that I actually want us to To address the one is from Yolande paper who asks are all the bank banks notice period 90 days or does or do bank stiffer I think you need to check with your bank Yeah, because from what I know not all of them are necessarily the same But you do need to check With your respective bank the banks that I bank with I know a lot of them you you have to put in that 90 day notice Um, but it is I think the advice here is just be aware of it And you go and look into it and get the advice from your bank and find out exactly what yours is Yeah, and this last one uh grant I don't know if you you'd be able to to assist but it's definitely something from the cell from the buyer side and we'll if we can't You know properly answer it this evening will definitely Slotted in when we speak about you know the cost associated when you're a buyer and this one says This is coming from the buyer side. What do I get the buyers? Or what what do I get the buyer's costs when I had included all my costs as a buyer In my bank loan or mortgage amount. I never got the lawyer's cost breakdown And I have tried to contact the lawyer with no avail. What resources might I have? So what I'm understanding there is he's he's had a whole lot of costs lumped up into his bond And he hasn't seen the breakdown from it So who was now I've gone found out who the convincing attorney was as my first point of call And I've asked for a breakdown of costs although it sounds like he said he's done that Which means he's not getting professional legal advice that he's asked for I'm not a lawyer. There is a law society I would just keep asking the question I've got back to those people because in every property transaction that I've ever transacted and I've had a complete breakdown In the form of an invoice from an attorney, which has shown me Step by step everything that I've paid for and everything that's gone towards the purchase of that property And and I think to add that it's actually quite I mean your credit grant with when I look at all the properties I've bought you If you and especially if they are bonded the bond registration attorney as well as the transferring attorney Send you an invoice with literally line items down to like amps. It's 20 rands and every single item So if the amount let's say comes to 20 or 30,000 rand They can account for each cent Down to the last total so in the middle you're not winning with the with the lawyer I mean you've probably if it's a bonded property, you've got the bond registration attorneys as well as the transferring attorney So it would be interesting to know which one of the two is you're not getting joy from But also then speak to the bank because if they said they've lumped it up in the with the bank Ask the bank for that breakdown because I know when when their account has just been opened You'll see what the different costs are so you'll be able to at the very least get that breakdown From the bank itself, you know, this is why I'm something like buyer education is so important And I said to you earlier I did the seller's education and I used to do the buyer's education and for me the buyer's education Sessions that I did were so much more valuable Because we have such a large majority of our population who have never bought a home before And even with the private property property shop spoken to two of them where I do my first time buyer Presentation and the questions that I get afterwards. It's amazing people come up to me and they're asking me I don't say that they're basic questions But they're asking me basic legal questions and generally coming from a place where they've been hard done by where somebody's been unscrupulous Or has misguided them in the process So I do believe if you do any shows one of the most powerful shows you can do is on educating buyers on all these types of questions so that they are prepared And grant is definitely topics that will be exploring right here on the private property Podcast and it's probably the reason why we do the show because we understand that we now more than ever We need our buyers to to be empowered to know You know what is out there and that your property journey doesn't have to be one that is difficult Where you lose out on money or where you don't where you're not able to be empowered enough to write ask the right questions When you're buying your respective properties. So grant. Thank you so much for joining me this evening I see that the presidency has Finally announced that the president is going to be speaking to us at office eight So we're all going to be waiting to hear what president Ramacosa will be saying Thank you very much at home for tuning into the property to the private property podcast I've been your host is a man. Don't I hope you're staying at home and you're staying safe until tomorrow evening Remember tomorrow evening. Well, we'll be having a representative from Apsa for our first ever ask private property So if you have any questions that you'd like answered from a bank's perspective So if you ever wanted to ask the bank a question around your home journey and your home Loan application journey do send in those questions and we'll be sure to answer them tomorrow evening. Thank you very much and good night Thank you very much grant


One of the more enduring controversies of One Piece has always been Goldie Rogers, specifically his moustache. Primarily because it wasn't always meant to be a moustache. In fact, in the first chapter and episode, this sprawling growth is quite clearly nose hair. That's what it was meant to be and it was changed for reasons and I will personally never forgive them for doing that. Hello and welcome to the Grand Line review or source for everything One Piece and today we are back to examine some of the biggest controversies in One Piece. And may I just say that this video was pretty perfectly timed because we've already had a pretty massive one in 2021, which is simultaneously kind of funny and kind of sad. We're getting into it. But in case you're unaware, a controversy is simply a prolonged public disagreement and as such most One Piece discussion on the internet can technically be considered a controversy such as the ever classic Zora versus Sanji debate. But this video is designed to focus on mostly bigger things. Factors surrounding One Piece itself that have made an impact on a larger scale then simply within the fan base itself. For the most part anyway, there will still be some fan base based stuff because One Piece fans tend to have very strong and polarizing opinions. Before we head into them though, it's time for a quick round of controversy or non-troversy. A very simple mini game, the rules of which are as follows.  A controversy or a non-troversy. And if you guessing correctly, then your punishment will be to subscribe to the Grand Line review, which will result in regular One Piece content being uploaded straight into your YouTube feed.  But here is our controversy. Etura Oda, the author of One Piece, once got in trouble for drawing this image in the author comment section of the volume release. Is this a controversy or a non-troversy? Choose now and we shall reveal the answer in three, two, one, and bam, it is actually a controversy. One that we will discuss however, if you guess non-troversy, then you know the thing it is you need to do. Press the old button thing and please do comment if you are a new member of the Grand Fleet. Welcome. Let's begin right here though. Why was this image so controversial? Well, in case you're unaware and you probably are, this is a drawing of Shoichi Yokoi, a Japanese soldier who remained on the battlefield 28 years following the conclusion of World War II, mostly hiding out in caves and such out of fear of being captured. So you could say that he was someone who remained more or less on quote unquote active duty, even though the war had ended and his name has become quite famous in Japan. Now, cut to the release of One Piece, volume 89. One of my favorite volume covers actually featuring Luffy versus Carter Curry. It is so damn cool. And in these volumes, Oda normally kicks things off with some sort of irrelevant comment about what he does in his free time or anything else paired with some sort of little drawing. And in this case, we find this image of Sergeant Yokoi with a comment that is as follows. You know how sometimes when you're sharing a plate of fried chicken with people, there's that one last piece that gets left on the plate. I've decided to give it a name, Sergeant Yokoi. So I'm like, Sergeant Yokoi is still in the field. Somebody end the war.  With much embarrassment that I start volume 89. And little did he know how true that final statement would become because Yokoi is a very divisive figure in Japan with many people seeing him as the epitome of patriotism while others see him as a symbol of regression. Either way, this debate somehow made its way into One Piece and the backlash was strong enough to force Shueisha to issue a public apology. In the author's comment section of One Piece volume 89, which went on sale June 4th, there was an inconsiderate message. The editors together with the author regret our actions. In the future, we will take greater care in such matters. And as a result, the author comment, of course, never made it into the English edition of the volume. And instead, you were just greeted with a delightful picture of Luffy, which is probably how One Piece is best kept. For a fan-based specific controversy, now let's touch on pre versus post time skip Frankie. Now, I must admit, before I started making YouTube videos, I had no idea how much of an issue this apparently was, but people have incredibly strong opinions on Frankie with quite a proportion of people believing that Frankie's design was completely ruined post time skip, whilst others such as myself believe it is a major improvement. And to be perfectly honest, I now have a lot of trouble looking at pre time skip Frankie because to me, he is just kind of bland in comparison. I really love our super giant mecha man, but I will say that I am definitely in the minority here because I conducted a poll on this matter and it would seem that the fan base have an approximately 60, 40 split in favor of pre time skip Frankie. And in the comments of said poll, most people mentioned that it's because of the hair. They essentially just want the old school Frankie Ace Ventura hairstyle back, which is fair, I suppose. But these Frankie design arguments can become surprisingly heated, almost bordering Zoro versus Sanji territory. It's kind of insane, but this will be something of an enduring controversy for the rest of the series I imagine. Unless there's another time skip and Frankie gets an even newer design that either everyone loves or everyone hates. You know, a unifying third factor, one way or the other. Moving onwards though, I want to touch on what I would refer to as a phantom controversy, something that is widely accepted, but not actually true. So I suppose a better term would probably be conspiracy theory, but this has to do with a certain Pell. This man along with other P named figures is infamous for not doing something very, very important. And that important thing was dying. Pell lifted a bomb designed to destroy the entirety of Alabama, took the blaster point blank range and survived because of reasons. The only one I've ever even come close to accepting is that Falcons are technically the fastest animals in the world, but only when it comes to diving speed. So maybe very, very, maybe he got out of the way in time, but still, no, that is ridiculous. However, if someone asks why Pell survived on your average one piece discussionary forum, you will inevitably run into the answer that it was because of 9-11, which was admittedly an event that occurred very, very close to the chapter where Pell's sacrifice happened, which was chapter 208, released on November 18th, 2001. So there's this general idea floating out there that Otis storytelling here was considered insensitive, received backlash and generated controversy. And so in response, Oda and his editors made the decision to keep Pell alive, which was revealed in chapter 217, released in February, 2002. Is this thought plausible? Yes, absolutely. Is it in any way confirmed? No, absolutely not. People will very mysteriously claim that Oda or Shuaisha has made a statement regarding the matter, but this is not the case. What's happened here is that someone on the internet has believed the hearsay of someone else on the internet who has taken someone else's internet theory as canon and so on and so forth. It is effectively a web of misinformation. So this is a legitimate non-troversy, which is kind of an oxymoron, but I thought I did need to address it because it does come up a lot. And if anyone can offer me proof, then I would love to see it, but I don't think it exists. Moving on though, let's talk about a comma because this is an ongoing controversy and it will probably continue all the way until the end of time, but specifically regarding how Oda chooses to portray queer and trans people, which are these generally fairly hideous and terrifying designs clad in pretty, pretty dresses. In addition to the visual portrayal, they're also frequently and almost exclusively used for gags with a few massively prominent exceptions, of course. Bon Clay and Poryo Ivankov and Inazuma, to be precise. In terms of a comma or new comma, these are pretty phenomenal characters that do manage to break the mold of their design. That is not true for most of them though and your standard or comma will be a hairy-legged five o'clock shadow-clad joke.  And to be honest, I don't know what the reaction is in Japan but Western fans often get taken aback by the comma. With that said, in recent years, Oda has made an effort to portray more legitimate trans characters like Kiku, for example. But I suppose even that comes with controversies of its own within the fan base and people refusing to refer to Kiku as she, even though every other character in the series does. And I'm sure that this video is going to receive a flood of comments just because I said that because that's what happens. That's the internet. And I should also say that there is another controversial figure in the series in this regard who I was planning on covering in this video, that they are currently a manga exclusive character. So I'm going to hold off on that because the debate is bound to reignite once they are finally animated. In any case, next up, we have a pretty interesting one. This is the very recent controversy that I alluded to in the intro, which involves the editors of One Piece. So in the manga, Real Machira Oda is of course the author of One Piece, but he does have creative and business-related input from three people currently, being the manga editors, Takano and Iwasaki, as well as the media editor, Naito, who was a former manga editor as well. So why is any of this information important? Well, because these guys are as much of a public face as One Piece is at Chura Oda himself, and they frequently make appearances in media as well as create content for the official One Piece YouTube channel and even host live streams, generally celebrating One Piece in one way or another. And that last part, well, that's how they got in a little bit of trouble this time around because the editors were hosting a live stream to promote the 1000 Logs Project, I believe, which is a very cool thing and well worth checking out. However, in what can only be described as a very unfortunate stream, whilst they were showing the website off, we also saw some of the browsing history from one of the editors, which included a gasp pornographic website, one which features a word that can be tricky to say on YouTube without triggering the bots, but it starts with a hen and ends in a tie. And we've censored the address out for this video, but rest assured for the sake of research and nothing else, I have thoroughly investigated the material on this website and I have come to the conclusion that it is definitely porn. Interestingly enough, though, believe it or not, this is not the real problem here. The main issue at play is that this was not an official porn emporium, rather it was a website that hosted illegally distributed scan lations. Oh no, that's pretty ironic for someone working at a manga publishing company reading pirated scans of other manga. So it was a one-two punch of controversy and Shueisha responded immediately by taking the stream down, privating the video and citing technical issues. And there has been no update ever since. And I do just want to be clear, I will never judge anyone based on, shall we put this their content preferences? But due to how hawkish Shueisha is regarding DMCA takedowns, I will certainly take this moment to revel in the fact that even their employees read scan lations. Yeah, the hypocrisy is pretty phenomenal. Meanwhile, if I even post a single panel from their official releases for fair use purposes, I am putting this entire channel at risk. So there's that. But as for another intriguing controversy, let's take a trip to Turkey, which to the best of my knowledge is the only country in the world that has actually banned One Piece, specifically the One Piece anime, I should say. The series ran in Turkey for about 52 episodes before it was abruptly taken off air by the Radio and Television Supreme Council. And the reasoning was very simple. It was because of smoking. The council took issue with cigarette and cigar use by Sanji and smoker respectively. And thus they mercilessly banned the anime from ever being shown on television in Turkey. Which to be fair, I could absolutely see happening in Australia, America, the UK and any other location that had to suffer through the four kids dub. I mean, Sanji's cigarettes weren't turned into lollipops for no reason. Their ears and always will be a very real concern about promoting smoking to children. And in fact, even One Piece's intended age demographic of early to late teenagers, that would still be a concern. So four kids didn't censor the smoking. I'm certain that the One Piece anime would have been banned in many English speaking countries as well. If anything, it really does make me wonder what the Turkish dub producers were doing, you know, leaving it in in the first place. That's, that's foolish. With that said, the One Piece manga is still available in Turkey. Although apparently even that had some problems, lots of delays caused by needing to translate sound effects into Turkish that didn't have this pragmatic equivalent in the language, still at least Turkish fans can read the glorious source material. But if you're interested in looking into some more One Piece controversies, then I'd highly recommend my initial video on the topic because there's some pretty crazy stuff in there as well. Meanwhile, please do leave your thoughts on these controversies in the comments below or even join my Discord server. But for now, this has been the Grand Line Review and I'll see you next time.


What's up guys? My name is Michael and welcome to my YouTube channel. Today we are going to go over binary search tree lowest common ancestor so essentially, we're given this binary search tree and We're given two nodes and those two nodes are v1 and v2 And we want to find the lowest common ancestor of v1 and v2 So what does that mean that means that it's whatever is the lowest node that is shared by both of the nodes So if we look at this picture of one two three four five six If I pick four and six right as my the two nodes that I want to find lowest common ancestor If we keep going up from six What is the lowest node that is going to be shared right if I if I start from four and I start from six I keep going up So six I go up as five and I go up and I get to three And if I if I'm at four and I go up I get to three So the lowest common ancestor of four and six is going to be three because if we keep going up from Four and from six we're gonna reach this ancestor of three We're gonna reach this node that it has that is shared amongst both of them so that's basically what lowest common ancestor is and if we have this node of Four two seven one three six this binary tree and I ask you what is the lowest common ancestor ancestor of one and seven Essentially if I keep going up from one I get to two and then I go up from two I get to four and from seven if I go up from one I get to four So lowest common ancestor in this case is going to be four and the reason why this is the case is because So if you keep going up and up and up they're gonna reach the same node of four So the code here is actually not super difficult if you Essentially is is that if you Basically, I'll just I'll just explain the code. I'll just explain the code for you guys because it's a Essentially what we're doing is that What we're gonna do is if the left-hand side of the left node is greater than the note the current route and The right-hand side is greater than the current route We're gonna go to the right If the left-hand side is less than the root and the right-hand side is less than the root that we're gonna go to the left Otherwise return root and why does this work? Let's look at this we have one two three four five six right and We at we're at four and six as you could see here lowest common ancestor if you see Anything that's shared right it means is that the The left the left node of four. It's on the left side of the node of the lowest common ancestor of three Right it's on the left side and the right node of six is on the right side of three So essentially what we're saying is that if we reach a point where we're traversing down that these nodes, right? and the left-hand side of the root of the node of V1 is actually to the left of the node that we're on and the right-hand side of v2 is on the right side of the Node we're on then we return because that that's essentially that means that we're actually at the lowest common ancestor So I'll that's actually going to go over this example. So let's I'll just copy this image and Go over the example with you guys here and then I'll show you guys the code I'll just copy the code real quick So you guys know what I'm talking about Dang, where did it go? Actually, this is not a good. All right. This is the code Recursive code and let's go look at the picture So let's have a pic four and six Right. I'm gonna pick four and I'm gonna pick six. This is my v1 v2 What is the node gonna do if it when this code is called? Okay When we're on the root of two it's gonna check is my four greater than my current root and my and six greater than the current root right because if both of these nodes are on the right side or The left side Right, if it's either on the right side or the left side It means it's not the common ancestor Right because we saw that earlier that v1 If it's lowest common ancestor that means v1 is on the left side of the nothing and v2 is on the right side of The lowest common ancestor. So as we could see here if we're starting at the root of two Is v1 greater than and is v2 greater than it? Right it is right four and six are greater than two right before is greater than two and Six is greater than two right? I can't type that but four is greater than two and six is greater than two So that means that two is not a lowest common ancestor because four is not on the left side and six is not on the right side Do you guys follow? So that's why we're gonna recursively call on the right side and we're gonna check this side because we know that Four and six are greater than two. So therefore the lowest common ancestor have to be on the right side Now we're recursively calling here on three is Four and six greater than three No, right four is not Actually, let's see is four and six greater than three. So let's let's see. Okay. So is four greater than three? Yes, four is greater than three wait wait wait hold up This note is not actually possible this note is not possible This four should be on the right side. This is not a possible tree because This four supposed to be on the right four is greater than three Yeah, this is not a possible tree. That's a really dumb dumb tree Okay the reason why it's not possible because Anything on the right side is supposed to be greater than your current node and four is greater than three But four is on the left side. So this tree is actually not even possible. Let's actually not use this example Let's use this one But I did explain what you guys what I was talking about though But essentially is is that if let's say let's say we're on this tree and we want to find the LCA of 147 so one and seven So actually is is that if they're both on the On the right side of the current node, then we know it's not possible Right that this is no four cannot be the lowest common ancestor So we have to recursively call the right side if they're both on the left side of the node right if they're both on the left side, so let's say Let's say we're instead of trying to find seven. Let's actually try to find three, right? So let's say one and three are both on the left side of four So we know that four is not possible because they're both on the left side. So this can't be the lowest common ancestor So then then we're gonna recursively call on this side and we check is one and three less than two It's not right one of three is not less than two. So that's why it's gonna return to this has to be the lowest common ancestor The reason why is because if one is on the left side and three is on the right side That means this is this must be the case of the lowest common ancestor Because that's how the that's how this thing works, right? That's how the definition of it works So yeah, it's actually is is that if we are at the current node We're gonna go through a curse we call the current node If both of my nodes that I want to find the lowest common ancestor are greater than the node Root of the node then the current root cannot be it and I have to check the right side Because right side will have the values that are greater, right? If they're both less than the current root, I'm gonna have to check on the left side It means that the current root is definitely not it So I'm gonna recursively call on the left side and find all the values at a left Then the root to check for the lowest common ancestor They're not either this case. So if they're on this this the sort of form where one is on the left and three Is on the right All right, three is greater than two and one is less than two then this must be the lowest common ancestor So that's why we return root But yeah, that's essentially the bit gist of how this this problem works. Hope you guys know this video rate com subscribe I know I had to like not use this example But this example is not just not possible because four cannot be on the left side of three because Did they even talk about this? Okay, whatever I didn't explain it But yeah four cannot be on the left side of three because I thought it violates the BST property But yeah, great cop subscribe. I'll check you guys later. Peace


Aircrew Flight Equipment's mission is to inspect and maintain gear for mission-capable operations. AP supports the overall mission by providing life-sustaining equipment to the pilots and visitors assigned to the squadron. We have four main fighter squadrons that are responsible for helmets, harnesses, G suits, oxygen masks, and night vision goggles. And we have our main shop that is responsible for parachutes, survival kits, and OTS suits. Our equipment consists of life-saving gear that will either help the aircrew survive in friendly and not-so-friendly environments or help them breathe on the jet. We use a wide variety of tools from screwdrivers, spinning wrenches to specialize test sets like our cast tester to help inspect the G suit. We work closely with the water shops. We go to egress to pack our drope shoots in the back of our ejection seat and we work closely with supply to give us materials that we use. And we also work closely with PMEL so we have our tools calibrated. Precision is so important for AF because if we have one little tear in his parachute or a little piece of foreign object, it could mean life or death for the individual using it. One thing that most people don't know about aircrew flight equipment is that we are responsible for the aircrew contamination control area for our ACCA line. And we are responsible for decontaminating aircrew in chemical warfare situations. The best part about working in AF is being able to help our aircrew. I love them coming to me and saying, yes, my equipment works great.


AARs are an important tool for all of us that work in a high-risk environment. To explain this further, let's go back to Mark Smith and listen to his thoughts on the use of after-action reviews. So the whole point of what an after-action review is supposed to look like is it's a very professional, very dynamic, candid discussion that is theoretically as much as humanly possible, supposed to transcend rank and position, that allows us to talk about what happened, what happened, what caused it to happen, why did those things get to the root cause of those things, and how do we do it better next time, how can we all improve. And the bottom line result is that everybody's part of the solution, not part of the problem, because they're fixing it at their level. So you're allowing innovation to occur within your organization right there at the ground level, or the air level, or the support level, or wherever this group of people is trying to improve. And if you can get 1% better every time you go out and do what it is you do, that's going to lead to a lot of success. It isn't accusatory. In other words, it's not meant as an investigation tool. It's meant as a learning tool. So if something occurs, for example, we go out and we incur a fatality or have some accident, that's not where we do an after-action review. Parts of people that weren't directly involved might do after-action reviews, but those people involved, that's appropriate for an investigation. It's not a disciplinary tool. So for example, we go out and I violate a standard, I violate policy to do something I want to do, or bad judgment, those kinds of things. That's the type of thing for disciplinary action. So we're not going to do an AAR where we're not trying to find fault with each other, we're just trying to improve. That's clearly a disciplinary issue and that's where we're going to deal with that. Now the crew or the team, the unit might get together and do an after-action review of the whole thing that led to that, but we're going to deal with Mark in a disciplinary fashion. Here is a tool that takes a minimum amount of time to do and gets you a maximum return as far as organizational learning and improved performance the very next day. Before we conclude this module, there is one more concept that we'd like to clarify a little better and that is the relationship between leaders' intent and objective strategies and tactics. To do this, we talk to Scott Anderson, who is currently the NWCG course developer trying to revise the training material for IC Type 3 and IC Type 4 courses. You know, I've been involved in the execution of a lot of tactical decision games recently and I've also been out on the fire line and I've been paying a lot of attention to how people are giving their briefings and if you look at the briefing checklist in the IRPG it refers to leaders' intent and it refers to overall objectives and strategy and then it talks about specific tactical assignments. Well I noticed when people were going through the checklist that they would get to those parts and they weren't really sure what they were supposed to do and so I couldn't understand why that was so difficult and so I started doing it myself and realized it is really difficult and I couldn't understand why so I started asking a lot of other people about the relationship between leaders' intent, strategy, I'm sorry, leaders' intent, objectives, strategy and tactics and it seemed like everybody I talked to had a different idea of how all these things were tied together and so myself and some other folks realized that we needed to come up with a clear definition of the relationship between all these elements and so what we decided was that we would define these things independently and try and tie them together so that they are usable for the firefighters. What we came up with is that leaders' intent is the big picture of what you're trying to accomplish as defined by task, purpose and end state. Objectives are the specific goals that you're trying to accomplish and we are trying to define that through an acronym called SMART. Your objectives should be specific, they should be measurable, they should be attainable, they should be realistic and they should be timely. Strategy is the plan that you're going to develop to attain your objectives and the tactics are the actions taken by resources in order to realize your strategic plan. So let me summarize that from the bottom up. Tactics are the actions taken by resources to realize the strategic plan.  So if you're a crew boss giving a briefing and you're running through the references in the briefing checklist and you come to the portion, it says leaders' intent, what are you supposed to do? Well, you have had leaders' intent communicated to you, hopefully, and it's been communicated to you in terms of task, purpose and end state. So the first thing you can do is tell your crew this is what success looks like and this is why we're doing this. The next thing you'll come to are the objectives and these objectives have been communicated to you. But remember as conditions change, the objectives may change also. And then you've also received a strategic plan. Well, the strategic plan is dependent on what the objectives are. So if the objectives evolve over the course of an operational period, your strategic plan may evolve over the operational period. And then you need to give your crew, this is really important, the specific tactical assignments because you are in control of the tactical actions that you take. And the reason you can do this is because you have been told what success looks like and why you're doing it. So that gives you the latitude to act independently to take advantage of opportunities or overcome barriers that you may encounter. What you want in that briefing, if you don't understand what success looks like and why you're doing something, it's your responsibility to ask those questions. I can think of lots of times when I've been on fires when I didn't understand what we were trying to accomplish and why we were doing it. How many times have you looked at one of your fellow crew members and asked, why are we doing this? Well, you should know that. It's not somebody else's fault. It's your fault if you don't know why you're doing something. If I'm a crew member, I need to keep in mind that I'm responsible for my own safety, really. And the only way that I can be responsible for my own safety is if I can act independently when it's appropriate. And the only way I can act independently is if I understand what success looks like and why we're doing this. You know, if I was to rewrite the briefing checklist, I think what I would do is I would communicate how the relationship is the important part between all these elements, not necessarily how they're independent pieces, but the fact that there's a relationship which starts with really broad general information that defines task purpose and end state and gives you a picture of success. And really these things mesh together quite a bit. And so it's really a challenge to pull them apart. And so with that in mind, I think I would develop this in a way that things, it wasn't implied that these are independent pieces of how you get your job done. To conclude this module, I wanna point out that if you're interested in learning more about leaders intent or AARs, there's a lot of additional material available. The leadership website would be a good place to start. If you're interested in specifically in learning more about AARs, there's a new video available which was just put together by the Lessons Learn Center and the NWCG Leadership Development Committee. To obtain a copy of that video, see the reference section of your student workbook. Also in the reference section, you'll find the website to the Lessons Learn Center where you can obtain copies of several past incident AARs. We encourage you to take advantage of these resources.


last play, but let's have a look at their line up. And very similar, I suppose the one change is Miller, sorry, is Miller coming in for Thomas, but let's go through it. Morris, Francois, Rose, Herewood, Bob, Thomas, Dunbar, Wilson Wright, the danger man, Fraser, Crovedo and Miller. So Miller has come in for Ford, and Thomas is not in the team either. Dunbar, Thomas has come in for him, but let's look at the formation, Brett. Well, that means that Thomas now sits in the middle of the park, which allow the normal midfielder, Crovedo, goes up top as a focal point. Wilson Wright will be asked to play right in behind him. And let's have a look at the presentation, line up. As I keep saying house, they don't concede much at the back and that man in goal, Lazarus, the skipper, he's a fine young keeper. There's young Cooper, Clement Jones, and then Broughwaite, Pemberton, Elliott, Barclay, Fonset, and Broughwaite. Of course, there are two Broughwaites, the brothers. There is Malik and Micah, Broughwaite. Let's look at the formation. Well, Barclay would be expected to break lines and join Clement up front or sometimes get even ahead of him. The guyland trickery of Broughwaite and Elliott out wide would be necessary for presentation to unlock the San Antony's College. The final score here in the Coca-Cola and the Colboy's national final. Presentation college nil, San Antony's college nil. So let's have a quick look at the highlights. Started in the first half with presentation going at the San Antony's team. But then the shot there from Francois and Wilson Wright had his shot, but well saved by Lazarus. Wilson Wright in the thick of things, sent the ball across to Crovedo, who was trying to find Miller. Great tackle coming in from Young. He put Miller off, but here was Miller again. That's too close to the keeper. Crovedo getting to that byline, but a good challenge from Pemberton. The corner came in. Look at the bodies covering that goal for presentation. They kept behind the ball so quickly when they don't have possession. Then they shot from Brafway, not a good one. So that was the end of the first half, second half action. Shot coming there from Wilson Wright. Then another one going over the bar, just couldn't keep it below. And there is the tackle from Brafway and refri-sorbers indicated it was a penalty. The penalty was taken by Fraser, but that man Lazarus in goal for presentation was diving to his right, pushed it away. And then right after that, another glorious chance this time falling to presentation. Vaughn Clement had that opportunity and the goalkeeper came up big. And then Wilson Wright with the shot that went just wide and the teams could not be separated at the interval, sorry, at the end of the game. It ended go-less between these two teams, Presentation College and St. Anthony's College. So we just wait for kicks from the penalty marks, the team saying their final prayers. I think when you look back at the highlights of the game, certainly the better opportunities came to St. Anthony's College. As we look at the stats, Presentation College with three shots, not on target. St. Anthony's having seven shots, two of those on target. 8,000 total, seven for Presentation College, one for St. Anthony's. One card in the game and it was a yellow one shown to a Presentation College player. Levi Jones, Levi Jones to be precise. Two offsides, one for Presentation, two for Presentation College, zero for St. Anthony's College. 12 corners split right down the middle, six apiece for Presentation College and St. Anthony's College, two save for Presentation College and Lazarus and 46% possession for Presentation College and 54% force in Anthony's College. A lot of that 54 came in the second half but the main score line is the one and top Presentation College nil, St. Anthony's College nil in a game that saw both teams in a seesaw battle. Not a lot of clear-cut opportunities. Well Lazarus have had two close goals so far Colin in his anticipation and saving a penalty. Is this third time lucky for Lazarus? Well it's Dunbar, let's see what he can do. Dunbar against Lazarus. He's got the slips, I don't think he could stop it long. Presentation College have won it the difficult way. Yeah, they have and that man in goal. Can you Lazarus, we talked about him. He's made the difference here today. He saved three penalties but one in normal time and two in regulation time, well the last one missed but he was the difference, wasn't he? Well the stutter step I'm not sure about but Lazarus was on the corner. He stopped his progress in running and should be told Colin, maybe that kick should have been taken because it's certainly not a regulation kick. Nevertheless, that man there being hugged Lazarus is the man and take nothing away from San Antony's College. Because they have been exceptional throughout this tournament. They have been. They're very, very unfortunate to lose this way. And that young man Wilson Wright, you feel for him because he's been really a tremendous player for them throughout this tournament. And you're looking at the scenes here. Most teams had chances but let's go down to Lou. He has the man of the match with him and who else that can be? Lou, tell us. Absolutely Colin, none other than Kanye Lazarus. Not only did he win the degree man in the match but also the finals MVP, Kanye. You have two free hands so take your two free trophies. Absolutely. And how are you feeling right now? I'm really, really happy right now. I mean, credit to San Antony's for giving us a really, really intense game but of course, praise our own top. Nice and you saved a penalty during the game to keep your team in the match. I mean, what was going through your mind at that point in time? I actually know I was going to save it because I make sure I did more homework. I went and analysed it to him. I saw when they took penalties and he was one of them and I took it on and I know where he was going so I knew I was going to save it. Yeah, that's great. And finally, when the penalty was called it was a bit of a controversial one. You rallied the troops as a captain. You kept them calm. How important was that? I mean, it's important. You have to make sure that the players don't get any back and all day because cards could share and there's no way of wanting a final. So I'm just there to make sure they are good. Absolutely, Kanye. You deserve it all. Congrats, Brent Sanchez with the coaches. Coach, you must be very, very proud of your players and what they've put forward here this afternoon. Your assessment of the game? What I will do, I'll compliment the boys on the hard work they did today, you know. The destiny was in their hands that they just give it away. And this is what a part of football, but we have to face it. Well, in the first half, presentation college had the better of the exchanges. But you turned things around in the second half and arguably you created enough chances to probably win a football game. What did you say to your charges at halftime? Well, I influenced them to go at them a little more, be more composed and confident and we will get it. But unfortunately, it didn't play for us. It's a cruel way to lose a final. What do you have to say to the team after such a brilliant effort? Pardon me? It's a cruel way to lose a finals. What do you have to say to your team after losing a game like this?  So we thankful for the hard work they did. Thank you very much, coach. All the best. You're welcome. Coach Cooper here joined the bison. Coach, we talked a lot about bringing it back here on the big stage. You mentioned 2019 and of course, you're now here victorious after penalty shootout. Your thoughts? Man, this is the proudest moment of my life. Yeah. I told you, 2007, I dedicated the national intercal for him when I went into it with Naparima. And today, today, God is good. That he's here and he won it. Yeah, so not much coaches could say they have two sons that won the national intercal. Shakim also won it. So I'm so proud. I'm elated. I'm elated with the boys. Kanye, big, big, big times. So I'm very proud. I'll talk to Cooper Jr. now. I'm very sure coming down to the car, coming down to this game, I'm sure your dad was in the air for a lot of, of course, building up to this finals. Your thoughts and, of course, the coach's influence and his influence on your life as it released a win in this final? Well, I would just like to talk to my father. Because he made a big impact and he told me, I trained for big days like this and I executed it yesterday. Coach, winning this, you said it's the best day of your life in football. Winning this and being able to put forward this sort of performance, tell us what you thought was the difference in this game for a presentation college? Well, we are made of steel. I told you that we are one of the stingiest defense in the league. Not a goal in full time has been scored on presentation college and we are built for this. The boys dug deep. I think taking nothing away from, from St. Anthony's. They brought the game today. They brought the A game and we, we stood up, we stood up and then penalties we have been, we have been successful with penalties. You know this. So I'm, I'm just glad. I'm just glad. Well, Cooper by two, you guys are the national integral finalists or winners, sorry, Coca Cola winners.  Well deserved. At the dinner table, at the breakfast table, at the lunch table and it's probably talking football 24-07. I knew everything you said at all. I was about to say that. Especially if you're missing, you're, you're now looking at a lovely, juicy, sweet piece of chicken. And he said, that clearance you made was the worst. I mean, it's really, really difficult for him and it's really a great story. Well, great stories were made today. They have walked through the jungle and today they are the Coca Cola Intercal Champions of 2023. They are the lions of presentation, San Fernando. The winners taking the trophy down south, snatching it away from St. Anthony's College. Once again, presentation college, San Fernando, your Coca Cola Intercal Champions for 2023. And this is where we wrap up the broadcast for tonight. We want to say thank you to each and every one of you for viewing on behalf of the entire Sportsmax team. We say thank you for being part of the Coca Cola Intercal Action here on Sportsmax and CCN TV6. And you know, we talked about the fact that they were not expected to be here. And you can see it there on the stage. And you know, again, Brent, we talked about about how difficult the South Zone is to get out of the South Zone. You have to go through St. Benedict's, you have to go through Annapurima.  And then all of a sudden, you know, go into the Nationals. Well, Cooper, of course, mentioned in his interview before the Annapurima College game that he basically has two finals to play. Yeah. One being Annapurima College, the second one being St. Benedict. And that's just been in the South Zone. Exactly. And remarkably, if not, he came out of both unscathed and then he had to go up against an Arima North Secondary School that is as probably as stingy as he is, defensively. So if you talk about doing it the hard way, that in the picture there is an example for that. Well, we have more action for you as we close off the Coca-Cola intercall. We get ready for TT-PFL action. We get ready for Tiger Tanks, Club Sandoe going up against Eagles FC. Look out for that one at the Manny Ramjohn Stadium tomorrow. Big action continues here, live on SportsMats. On behalf of the entire SportsMats team, thank you for watching as we congratulate Presentation College once again on being Coca-Cola intercall champions and Pleasantville Secondary School for taking the girl's title of the Coca-Cola intercall. We leave you with some beautiful moments of today's matches.