Isaac, Isaac from Zambia, Isaac from Zambia, is he in the room? Isaac from Zambia, please come forward. Thank you ladies and gentlemen. This is about half of the Cape Town youth choir. The other half are making their way back to Cape Town from wherever they live in the country because this was school and university holidays the past few weeks. The first song was a sutu song. Hionnolo fatso means we give you a blessing. It's an enormous privilege to be able to sing here. Wikimedia, Wikipedia, we are in awe of the work that you do. So thank you for being a blessing and we welcome you with a blessing. Our next song is called Gessiponono. It's also a traditional piece that basically says my heart belongs in this country.  We have a song called Emlanjan, which is a composition or a folk song, traditional song. Based on the story of the Hebrew exiles, they were exiled to Babylon and they were sitting next to it by the waters of Babylon. It's not the Boney M version by the way, by the waters of Babylon. And the story behind the song is actually that because you'll see it's very joyous, it's not sad. It's that you find your joy in yourself and not in your circumstances. Thank you ladies and gentlemen. It's a huge honor to be here. So thank you very much for that. Our final song is a prayer for peace. The zulu word for peace is ukutula. Ukutula. And in the song, we say, In this world of problems, of troubles, Linganzi, the nenez, and then ukutula isindiso, ukubonga. You'll see through the actions, all those key words, what the meaning of each one of them is. And the soloist in the song is Chlumelumarepola. I'm going to try and keep this brief and quick. So I suppose you'll excuse the brevity. And now I'd like to introduce someone who really deserves no introduction in a space like this. Someone who has done so much to bring us all together. Co-founder of Wikipedia, Jimmy Wells. Where we've been and what we're accomplishing. And a part of this is the first sad duty is the in-memorium section. I'm sorry the clicker doesn't seem to be working either. So we have lost some friends since the last wikimania in our various communities. Some of them are not known so well outside their own communities, all of them have made contributions to our joint mission. They're remembered in their communities in the ways that each community has chosen to commemorate its deceased contributors. And we cannot presume to do justice to their memory and their contributions. But some of the colleagues we've lost this past year were also active internationally and will be known to the international community of attendees of this conference. So I just have some words of remembrance and love to their cherished memory. And we'll just go a few a handful of these people next please. Is this not working? So we started here with Austin Hare. Many of you who have been involved in wikimania over the years would know Austin very well. He was an American wikimian who lived in the Netherlands. He helped to organize many of the earliest wikimanias. And he's a core part of many organizing committees going way back. We have Gangadhar Badani, an Indian wikipedia on English. He was passionately contributing since 2005. He published his autobiography a few years ago entitled... Sorry. Yeah, I'm sorry. Can you just click it for me? Sorry. He published his autobiography a few years ago entitled Choice in Chaos, a wikipedia's autobiography. And then we have Ray Santone from British Columbia. He attended the first 10 wikimanias. He passed away in 2016, but unfortunately I overlooked him last year which is a real tragedy because Ray was a friend and a friend to many others and a real fixture on the movement. And so we remember him now. Next slide. Now we go to Sabrish from the Malayalam community, a founder of schoolwiki.in for schoolchildren from Kerala, India. Next we have Craig Franklin. Irish Australian and former Australian chapter president. Long time wikipedia member of the ombudsman commission. Next we have Christof Machoki, user Halibut who passed away in the beginning of the year. He was a passionate wikipedia and worked as a spokesperson for wikimedia Polska. The Polish chapter is actually fundraising to help his children since he's passed and they've got a table outside his understanding. I want to make a contribution in his memory. That would be a good place to do that. Next slide. And I'm not going to read through all of these. These are just some names that were given to me by various people in the community over the years. They are all fantastic wikipedians who we lost this year. And of course the sad thing about doing a thing like this is that I'm going to miss some people. I'm going to miss many more. You all know how wiki works. It's simply decentralized and so I can't know what everything is going on. But let's just have a moment to reflect and think about our friends and colleagues who are no longer with us. Okay. Next slide. Okay. Well, we'll try to turn to a more cheerful note. First I'm going to start off. Every year I do a countdown and I'm going to skip a few years this time because this is the 14th wikimedia. And so I'd like to see people stand up. Everyone who has been to 14 wikimanias. Can we get those people to stand up? So we've got Andrew Lee, James Forester. Who am I missing? Oh, SJ. SJ unfortunately had to go home already. And then me. So there's four of us left. These guys are younger than me. So at some point they'll be doing the in memoriam for me. Okay. So now we go to the next slide. We're going to skip a few years. How many of you have been to at least 10 wikimanias? So some of you may want to just see Delphine here in the front. Phoebe in the back. Yes, lots of friends here. Next slide. How many have been to five wikimanias? At least five. At least five. Oh, wow. Catherine getting to be a veteran now. Next slide. How many people have been to at least two wikimanias? Fantastic. And now instead of having the entire room stand up, I'm going to ask all of you to sit down. And I want to see everybody who this is your first wikimania. So the next slide. Yeah, next slide will be one. And then the next slide. So I'm just going to recognize a few achievements. I don't have a lot of time because we need to get to the group photo. And so there were a lot of group achievements. A lot of things I wanted to cover, but I only had to select just a few. If we can go to the next slide, we'll go through some milestone numbers. Now just click these one at a time. Oh, one at a time. We have to clap. Two million articles in French wikipedia. Okay, next one. One million articles in both Chinese and Portuguese wikipedia. Next slide. 100,000 articles in Welsh wikipedia. For me, this one is one of the interesting ones. Some of you, some of the old timers from Germany will remember, I was in Germany the night that we passed 100,000 entries in German wikipedia. And that was recognized at the time. That's a huge encyclopedia. And the interesting thing about Welsh is like many of the other languages that are very successful. There is an argument that no one actually needs a Welsh encyclopedia. There are virtually no people. I tried to find a number for how many people speak only Welsh. And the answer I found was very close to zero. But that doesn't matter.  And so Welsh wikipedia is very important. There are many languages like this where, yes, of course, people speak a more regional language, but it's their language that matters. And so it's really exciting to see that. And so now we'll go to one more, a local one. 1,000 articles in German wikipedia. Which I believe just happened this week. And so that's pretty fantastic. Okay, next slide. So just a few milestones from Africa. And we can go through these kind of quickly. In fact, you can just put them all up. 50% increase in affiliates since 2014. We have wiki fan club Nigeria. Four wiki clubs, 300 members. The Africa wiki media developers project. Since six countries, 20 active developers. And wiki women 2018, a series of editons to address gender gap. And they've expanded it to a number of different countries. So these are all exciting things that are happening right here in Africa. Next slide. So now I just want to say a few words about something that's really important to me. Every year I try to pick out a particular theme, whether it's kindness to newcomers or biographies or software developments. And this year I just want to speak very briefly about the importance of public policy. If we can go to the next slide. This just within the last several weeks, we've had a major success in Europe. There was this European copyright directive. Next. This was a comprehensive modernization of copyright law in Europe, but with some major flaws. It was a really long piece of work. And most of it was really good. Next. But we opposed Article 11 and Article 13. If you don't know anything about this, go Google it. It's not worth talking about right now. But also what was missing was an important set of things about positive steps for free culture, not just things that are steps backwards. So things like freedom of panorama is something that we would really like to see in European copyright law. And so we objected at these things. But who listens to little old Wikipedia-ians?  Play. Don't make me angry. You wouldn't like me when I'm angry. Don't make me angry. You wouldn't like me when I'm angry. This of course is the famous line from the credible Hulk. You've probably heard of the incredible Hulk. This is the credible Hulk. You wouldn't like me angry because I always back up my rage with facts and documented sources. So this is a humorous way to say it. But the truth is this is one of the reasons why we're effective. People can understand that the Wikipedia-ians aren't after some kind of financial gain. When we object to something, we have a good solid reason for doing it. And parliamentarians tend to listen if they hear our voice. If we go again, so thank you. I've got a few words to say. Oh, thank you here. Oh, dear. I have to remember someone else's computer password. This is not my computer. Here she comes. I'm so sorry. Oh, she's very good at this. Okay. Right. So I want to thank all of us who advocated in many different ways in a short period of time. We only really found out we needed to do something very quickly to get the European Parliament to reject a draft copyright directive that if it becomes law, would lead to very significant expansion of copyrighted material that we strongly believe should be freely available. What we were fighting against is a law that, for example, will require most platforms to filter out anything that could be copyrightable up front or pay licenses for even referencing such material and linking to it. And so the fight is not over. Next slide. We can just click. There's another vote in September. So this vote was only to say, let's have a proper debate in Parliament. But the good news is, Demi here, who's our lead person in Brussels, they're listening to us. And this is good. But let me just put this. This is just one fight. Let me just put this into a broader context if we go ahead here. Public policy worldwide can either enhance or threaten the public's right to share freely. And our vision of making the sum of all human knowledge freely accessible to all humans cannot be accomplished without advocating against policies, actions, and laws that restrict free access and free speech. So it's really important that we do this. And I'm a big fan of us taking a stronger, more muscular public policy stance from the Wikimedia Foundation, from the communities. But one of the things that's really important is that we act in a coordinated and organized way. That we remember that our strength, the strength that causes people to listen to us, is that people know that the Wikipedians are rooted deeply in facts. And so we need to be really careful with all our pronouncements that we're completely factually accurate. We need to distinguish ourselves from the commercial players and all the other people who generally have an axe to grind that results in money in their pocket, whereas our axe to grind is freedom of access to knowledge for the public. So again, thank you very much. Next slide. So time for the Wikimedia of the Year Award. And I've got some, a very special guest here. We have last year's winner, Felix Narty, who's gonna come on stage with me. Yeah, those of you who were here last year will remember he wasn't in attendance, so I had some fun. And the previous, one of the previous year's winner, Emily, and I gave him a surprise Skype call and told him on Skype and it was a great video. But he is here with us this year. He's gonna talk now a little bit about his experiences at Wikimedia of the Year. Good day fellow Wikipedians and invited guests. All too soon, the ketting has been drawn and the purpose of this gathering has been achieved. I'm in a room filled with friends and colleagues with diverse backgrounds and cultures from around the world who have attended the fascinating sessions and contributed in so many ways to make this conference truly amazing. It has been an intensive week which has strengthened our networks, created new connections and laid down strategic goals yet to be accomplished for betterment of our movement. The past year has been tremendous, the sense of appreciation and the opportunity to represent my country and continent for the honorary award was humbling. Before the award, I just thought of myself as a young man who was passionate about the voice of my people and was willing to go any length of creating awareness about Wikipedia in my country and wherever I could have it reached. The movement is growing and spontaneously adapting to our differences. This only gives me hope that we will someday attain the true global movement that we envisage. I will entreat us all to take part in the movement strategy process and ensure that every voice is heard in order to form a movement that we will be proud of as a movement in a few years to come. Now, being a Wikipedia of the year was a humbling experience. The joy and honor that the entire continent felt for this award reminded me of the true spirit of Africa, which is Ubuntu. Widened my network, scope and opportunities to even do my work better. Inspired my colleagues on the continent that we have not been forgotten. Our work is significant in this movement and we are recognized. These experiences I will cherish for a very long time but I completely think that it will be meaningless if we really missed a point. We have to realize that each and every of us has been given a voice and we must appreciate the intervention of Wikipedia to share all unrepresented and marginalized knowledge to ensure a fair representation of the world. Thanks to all organizers of Wikimedia 2018 and thanks for the selection committee for choosing Africa. It's significant and an eye-opener to our people. Africans from afar and near who have come or watched online are inspired to add their voice. I wish to share that the Wikimedia movement is not one that I have just given to but also learned from. So this is to you on the fence thinking is it worth volunteering my time? Well, I would say it's your responsibility to tell your story because nobody can tell your story better than yourself. My heartfelt appreciation goes to Jimmy Wells and his team for granting me this opportunity. I feel honored and much appreciated to have received this award and of course on behalf of Africa as well. We did it. However, I always say to myself the result of hard work is more hard work. So I am not stopping. There's more to come from me. The world needs free knowledge and I'm not blowing the candle out. Let's live here with the bond of brotherliness and spirit to marry our differences because that's what makes us stronger. Long live Wikimedians and selfless volunteers. Long live the open movement. Long live the chief of Wakanda. I announced the winner of Wikimedia in a year this year if we can just click forward. The winner this year is Farhad Fadkulin. Farhad is an energetically community organizing among Russia's minority language communities going far and wide beyond his native Tatar. He's also fluent in English, a fact that has finally established a bridge between those communities and the wider movement after years of isolation. He's community minded, helpful, friendly, and truly dedicated to both our mission and to diversity. Okay, so congratulations to Farhad. He is unfortunately not here with us. But he'll be here next year. If we go to the next slide, some honorable mentions. Jess Wade started a year-long effort to put underrepresented scientists and engineers on Wikipedia. More than halfway through the project, she's generating huge positive response on Twitter and elsewhere. And then Nahid Sultan, who is here with us and how he can come forward. Nahid is not only the driving power behind the success of Wikimedia Bangladesh, a highly successful chapter that thrives under difficult circumstances like legislation that makes it almost impossible to get funding. He's also serving the global community as a steward and OTRS member. In addition, he co-manages several social media accounts for the Wikimedia movement, for example, Facebook, Wikimedia Commons, successfully. Nahid is a living example of the Wikimedia ideals, working tirelessly to help out not only his local community grow through open sharing of knowledge, but helping people around the globe to connect and learn from each other. Is Nahid here? Well, come on up. Come, come. I was afraid to have gone home or something. Thank you. Congratulations. Okay, well, this is all I've got, and now I think we're moving on to Catherine. Is that right? To do some thank yous or something? Anyway, I'm done. Thank you. All right. Thanks, everyone. I am here to thank you all for being here and thank those who have made this conference possible. I know that your hands are already tired from clapping, so stretch them out because you're about to do some more. We could go to the next slide. Or do I have the slides? Okay. First, I want a big round of applause for Wikimedia South Africa. Hold on. Hold on. Hold on. Hold on. Douglas Scott. Peter Southwood. Raymond Ellis. Bobby Shabangu. Duming Bane. Rousseau Van Royen. David Richfield. Conrad Lubser. Ian Gafillion. Michael Graf. Jesse Apubu Moodley. Ayla Flood. Leba Bosch. And Andy Rabagliati. Stand up if you're here. Thank you for making this possible in this incredible space and in this incredible city and country. And then I also want to thank the amazing program committee. You two are also going to stand up. Our co-chairs, Liam Wyatt, Emna Mizuni, Felix Narty, Ahmed El-Orosi, Eddie Avila, Mohamed Bashunda, Carolyn Becker, Kelly Foster, Rob Fernandez, Nurembi Chaudhry Hassif, Neta Hussain, Sam Oyele, Benoit Prior, Kiro Simonowski, Leila Zia, Deb Tankersley, Mfosello, Dumy Ndubane, and Mike Peel. If you are here, stand up. You did an amazing job. The foundation team who helped make this possible behind the scenes, Brendan Campbell, Maria Cruz, Rachel Farrand, Aaron Lacey, Emerald Ross, Irene Tate, Luis Wo, Ellie Young, and the travel staff, Karen and Doreen, and Aaron, thank you so much for getting everyone here safe and sound. Those of us who don't know everyone's names are Hotel and AV staff who've made all of this possible. They have been absolutely wonderful. They have broken down this room and put it back together more times than I can count. And they've made it possible for us to be looking at the screen today. Can we go back a slide? Sorry. Just back one slide. It does work. Well, thank you because you've made it work. So thank these folks. These are amazing. Conference teams, thanks to all of you who came here early and did double duty on Wikimania. It has been a long week, but you have made it amazing and worthwhile and enriching for all of us. So for those who brought people together ahead of time for learning days and to decolonize the internet and much, much more for the hackathons, all of this, thank you. All right. I told you to get your hands ready. We're almost there. The Scholarship Committee, you make this possible in the way that we want it to be possible by helping bring people to this event that wouldn't otherwise be here. Thank you for reading through literally hundreds of applications. So, slash me, der Hexer. Banfield, yes. Dongodong, Jamie Tubers, Margot, Margot, Marta, Pigazzini, Mervat Salman, Papashu, Rosie Step, Venus Lee, Violetova, and Tova, thank you so much for making this possible. Now, none of this would be possible without the volunteers who actually make this event come together. You may have seen them in their red shirts around throughout the course of the last couple days. If our volunteers could please stand up and be recognized for putting in the time and the effort to make this come together. And if we could give them a big round of applause. And of course, thank you so much to our sponsors and supporters. I'm not going to thank the foundation on my, you know, because it's kind of funny, but Wikimedia South Africa, Google Design and Daba, WikiHow, the University of Cape Town, the Get to Institute, and Cape Town and the Western Caves Convention Bureau. Thanks for making this possible. Thanks for making us feel welcomed. You guys have been great. Thank you, Catherine. And now I'd like to introduce someone, or rather a group of people, who are going to be very important to the future of Wikimania. John Anderson and Team Sweden. Let's see if this worked. I was told it would work. Perfect. So thank you, everybody. And my name is John Anderson, and I'm the Executive Director at Wikimedia Sweden. Me and my team here, we've been traveling here to Cape Town to look, listen, and learn to see how to best organize at Wikimedia. And it has been quite a lesson. It's been so interesting and we had great fun. And I know you've been applauding quite a bit already, but I would really like to stress that we really want to thank again the Bank again, all those South African chapter, and the great conference team at Wikimedia Foundation and the program committee, and all of the great volunteers that has made us such a success. So once again, I would like to bring your hands together for a little bit of an applause for these great people. But now I would like to turn our focus to next year, when I hope all of you will be coming to Stockholm in Sweden. So in fact, me and my team here, Sara, Andrea, and Axel, we would like to bring you across the globe, to the other side of the globe, some 10,000 kilometers from here, up north to Stockholm in August 2019. You're among the first people here to know about that it's going to take place in Stockholm. And we will be making an official announcement about it when we're back here from Cape Town. This will in fact be the most Northern Wikimedia ever. And I would like to give all of you a few tips and pointers that what you will experience. This will be the 15th Wikimedia, and we hope that we will be able to bring a few new things. So one thing that you should know is that Sweden has few people. I mean, very few people. So I'm really not kidding. I mean, we have a country that's much bigger than Germany, for example, but we only have 10 million people living there. Sweden is a super liberal country when it comes to the rights of LGBTQI people. That is, of course, the rights of people with different sexual orientation. And some of you might have attended the Wikimedia Diversity Conference that we hosted last year, or perhaps you took part in one of the many Wikigap events that were organized across the globe together with other Wikimedia affiliates at 50 different embassies, at Swedish embassies across the globe. So this is how we look at it. This is part of our ongoing work as a chapter to increase diversity. And we really want to make sure that all of you feel very, very welcome when you come to Stockholm in Sweden, whoever you are. Sweden is home to the second-largest amount of unicorns per capita. Yeah, I'm talking, of course, about the privately held start-ups that has a value of over one billion US dollars. So in fact, only Silicon Valley has a higher percentage. Companies such as Skype, Spotify, Klarna, Mojang and King, they've all been founded in Sweden. And there are literally thousands of tech companies scattered all across Stockholm in the greatest Stockholm area. And we, of course, hope that we will be able to bring a lot of these companies on board, both at the Hackathon at the Wikimedia. But, of course, not all companies in Sweden produce great things. We are also the world-leading nation in the production of sous-treming that is fermented herring. This is literally rotten fish that people eat. It has been compared to chemical weapons and a lot of other not-so-nice stuff. I still remember back when I was in high school and a group of kids thought it was a great fun, a real joke, to put a can of opened sous-treming into the ventilation shaft. The high school that I was going at was close for two days after. You have to get rid of that smell. So if you decide that you want to bring some of this delicacy home with you when you visit Sweden, you may be too surprised your family and friends. Then please check with your airlines because not all airline companies will allow you to bring it online. They're actually abandoned. But there are some things, of course, that you might want to try when you come and visit Sweden. We, of course, have the Swedish meatballs, and you can find them in IKEA close to you if you cannot come to Stockholm, that is, of course. And, of course, nowadays, you can also get the delicious vegetarian option. We still call them meatballs. Another important color in the institution in Sweden is the fika. It's fika. A fika, that's really a small pulse from whatever you're doing. You take a break. You get a lot of coffee. You get a small treat. Maybe a sweet cinnamon bun, which we call kanelbulle. And you sit down and talk to your friends and family. This image is from 1916 when they were having a proper fika. As I said, they're... I keep clicking twice. As I said, there are not that many people in Sweden, and most are gathered in a few cities. Stockholm was founded 766 years ago, and it's where we will be hosting Wikimana in 2019. It is the capital, and it's the biggest city in the country with over 2 million people in the metropolitan area. The city is built on 14 different islands, so you always have water close by. We have kind of an ongoing east-side, west-side kind of battle between Stockholm and the city of Gothenburg about who has the best archipelago. So if you have the chance, do take the ferry out and visit it. You might also have heard about Stockholm in the connection to the Nobel Prize. The Nobel banquet takes place in the blue hole inside of this building, the city hall. This is a place that we celebrate knowledge and incredible minds, and we hope that we will be able to bring all of you there for a little party. So fingers crossed that we will have our application for it accepted. In Sweden, you can ignore a lot of public work. For example, each of the subway station is really a massive artwork. Wikimedia Sweden, we love these artworks and we have tried very hard to show them to the world and bring knowledge about them. However, as some of you might know, we ran into a little bit of an issue with this and we were sued by a copyright society and we lost last year in the Supreme Court, Sweden, which means there's kind of problems now to putting up works of art online. But we're working very, very hard to try to change that and we hope in the future we will be able to get more of these images up online. The city is very well connected when it comes to public transportation and all the public transport is accessible for people with disabilities, as are all of the public institutions and public venues. Stockholm is a city really filled with research and we have two large universities there. We will be having Wikimedia on the campus at Stockholm University. This university was founded in 1878 and has around 70,000 students. Sorry again. In the main hall at the university, that's probably called Aula Magna. We will have the keynotes and some of the other programmatic activities. We want the conference Wikimedia in Stockholm to really focus on a future of free knowledge and how we can engage in society. And we want to work on a theme that reflects that. We want to have a theme that allows us to communicate efficiently about all the great work that affiliates and partners and volunteers are doing. And we want to get attention from the potential partners, the media and the general public outside of the Wikimedia movement. So we will let this a little bit of a cliffhanger. We will let you know more about what the theme will be in the coming months. We intend to work in partnership with affiliates in Northern Europe and beyond and together with Wikimedia Foundation of course to develop a really strong conference. We hope that this model where we bring together other affiliates is something that can be repeated afterwards in other future Wikimanias. We will have a specific focus to document our efforts, especially when we try a few new things. Our hope is by working together with affiliates and by involving different partners, we will be able to organize events all across the city, together with the partners and by really like a hub of a real Wikimedia week. So we can get more visibility, engage more partners and create a lasting legacy. And with that I would like to say thank you for your time and we very much look forward hosting you in Stockholm next year. Thank you so much. Yes, it is on. You remember from the welcoming ceremony, one of the things we wanted to achieve at this year's Wikimania was to really give people a great sense of what they want to take home from this year's Wikimania. And in order to help that process at the welcoming ceremony we invited Bravesh Patal to do a little exercise with us. I would like now to invite Bravesh Patal above to come up and complete that. Above. So me and Douglas worked on a final question. We've just heard the next Wikimanias in Sweden. So this question's before Sweden, but after the party. So somewhere between those two points. And the question is very simply, oh it started, Wikimania 2018, what have I learned and what will I do? And I've got three steps for you and I'll share them first and you'll have five to ten minutes. So step one, stand up. Step two, talk to someone next to you, behind you, around you about what you've learned and what you'll do. And then step three, some people have already skipped the other two. Write something in there beyond goats and dragons. Yeah. So stand up, talk to each other. What have I learned? What will I do? And then type something in. Over to you. Whoa, that's very loud. Sorry, if you could please take your seats. If you could please take your seats. Okay. We have one more announcement, a very special announcement before we end off today. I would like to invite Asaf to give an address on behalf of the Wikipedia Acuteness Association. Asaf. Thank you very much. Famously cute. Before I go into the state of the cuteness, I'll use this stage to tell you one of my favorite bits this Wikimania was meeting the editor from Zambia. I hope one day he will be an editor from Zambia. But right now he is the editor from Zambia. He's made thousands of edits on Wikipedia from a mobile phone. But starting today, he will have a laptop. Courtesy. That is if he finds me. So please see me after class. This is courtesy of an anonymous donor. I won't tell you his name. I'll just give you the hint. He is the most widely read author on medicine on the planet. So with that out of the way, let's get right to the state of the cuteness. And thank you to the program committee for allowing this. This was born last night and crowdsourced wiki style. State of the cuteness. The cuteness association for those encountering it for the first time has something of a pedigree. It started in 2012 at Wikimania in Washington, D.C. The founding meeting had four attendees. The language of the meeting was French. In 2013 the association came up with this adorable logo. This is the first time I've seen it. But lest you think this is all fun and games, cuteness is a serious thing. There are cuteness studies out there. I won't walk you through the whole thing in the interest of time, but the slides will be shared. And these are of course references. Those clickable links. Cuteness fosters intercultural exchange. It is interestingly both global and culture specific. Cuteness promotes human empathy and social interaction. And cuteness helps to generate more free knowledge. Because cute stimuli can positively influence your productivity on and off the wiki. Editing, coding, and other related activities. See also the learning pattern on spreading cuteness. It's on meta. So as we've established cuteness is serious business. So serious in fact that as this t-shirt reminds us life is full of choices. Beer or more beer. And yes, or very fine South African wine right here in Cape Town. Wuzzy may or may not have a problem. And some photos of representation of the Cuteness Association at events at Wikimania in Mexico City. Other Wikimanias. CEE meeting. Hackathons. You can see the increasing diversity. Train the trainer in India. Now you wake up. WikidataCon. Yes you can. Wikidata Workshop in India with Alkes the Wikidata Moose. He's a project-specific cuteness. He has some cute dances. Cute tiny planet from last year's Wikimania. In general cuteness has grown in popularity to the point that we are sometimes having to deal with paparazzi. And the Cuteness Association has gradually worked more and more closely with executives and with the Board of Trustees whom as you know the Cuteness Association is there to help starting with not actually starting with Kristoff this clicker. There is a rhythm to this joke and could you just move one slide forward please over there. Yes please. One slide. No one slide not two. Well the Cuteness Association has been supporting Jan Bart there is an actual slide between that and Kristoff. And also Kristoff as chair the Cuteness the Cuteness Association has been supporting Jimmy as Jimmy and finally Catherine who as you all know is our executive director. I told you there was a rhythm to that joke. Cuteness is involved with the strategy process of course if you want a cute future we need cute representation in the movement strategy process the core team of the strategy process has invited the Wikimedia Cuteness Association to appoint QTs to observe and advise all nine groups of the strategy process and we are proud to see the Cuteness Association expanding and diversifying here's some Celtic cuteness for you celebrating the Welsh Wikipedia achievement and yes more diversity of course not just in geography but in species medium fabric etc and yes last year we thought we had achieved Cuteness overload in Montreal but it is technically possible the QTs are not so big on stats and now Shachal Kankunczyk and Wazi the Owl some owl will demonstrate to you some more cuteness values physically solidarity peer support finally some fresh cuteness from the last 72 hours a cute consultation cuteness in cheese and a cute panel with Wikipedia as the t-shirt announces yes please yes and last but not least cute support has been extended to Douglas Ian Scott lead organizer of this conference thank you very much Douglas and the QTs were able to transform Douglas through their embrace from this to this in conclusion Wikimania Cape Town is cuteness approved thank you and Kosi be cute to each other see you in Stockholm and one announcement before we break up just want to remind you all to that the bus to leave the closing party will leave from here at 8.30 do not be there at 8.30 be there at 6.30 and please remember to bring your tickets you'll find that there are attached two free drink coupons so you definitely don't want to forget your tickets without saying anymore I would like to declare this Wikimania now over I do actually have one more important announcement the photograph the group photograph it will be happening here right now on the stage so if you want to stand up and slowly make your way to the stage I'm going to ask if you can please stand no further away from the stage than the edges of the screens here on either side no further away than the edge of the screens please


You can now literally invest in Beyonce and Taylor Swift like you would with stocks. Yeah, a new startup allows you to buy shares and music royalties for a song like Welcome to New York by Taylor Swift so that whenever it's streamed, downloaded or played on TV, you make money. How much? Well, let's look at Halo by Beyonce. If you bought 10 shares for about $148, you're looking at about $5 a year in return. But there's a chance it could be even better. Like for example, if Netflix decided to make a new show about angels and use Halo as the theme song, well, you could be making a lot more money. And this isn't even exclusive to the Divas. You can even invest in the instrumental music from Shrek. Now, for the moment, you can't sell or trade the B and T securities like you can with stocks, but there are plans to change that. So yeah, would you invest?


Factor V. Leiden and Prothrombin G20210A are two of the most common inherited thrombophilic disorders. They have been associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism but their relationship with arterial thrombotic events, especially coronary ones, remains unclear. We conducted an extensive review of the existing literature to provide updated knowledge about the association between these two mutations and acute myocardial infarction. F. V. Leiden and Prothrombin G20210A screening should be implemented only in select cases, such as acute coronary syndrome in young individuals and or in the absence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and or in the absence of significant coronary artery stenosis at angiography. Genetic counseling of family members of affected cases should also be done to ensure proper prevention measures. Extended Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy, DAPT, may be considered due to the lower risk of bleeding associated with F. V. Leiden. This article was authored by Minerva Kudruvidescu, Lacrimura Ayala Buneriu, Alexandra Dan Kostek, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


My name's Woody and I'm going to be giving a presentation on Ford vehicles and some possible vulnerabilities depending on how you look at it. I looked at them as vulnerabilities. Some of the engineers who I talked to from their company said, nope, works fine the way we tested, just don't do what you do. I wish I was making that up. So I'm going to go ahead. We're getting stuff going right now. I was going to do some really good slides and put everything together. But when I thought about it, I said, you know, the last thing I want to do is sit through some long, boring process of PowerPoint presentations. So I'm just going to do it live. I'm going to show you the exact steps that I used, how I figured it out, what tools I used, and what I used to try to make things a little easier. So that way, you have the ability to go through the steps like I did so you can find vulnerabilities and exploits as well. I think the biggest thing about finding exploits is just looking for them, you know. Too many people overlook stuff. When I give all the details of how I made this work, some of my buddies that are engineers that are really good, the guys I go to for advice, we're like, why would you even do that? It makes sense to even try it, but then it worked. Don't think that just because something isn't supposed to work means it won't work because sometimes it does. And that's what we're really going to point out here. So because the way we've got this set up right now, visual, there we go, I might have a little bit of trouble seeing some of the stuff so be patient with me. So the first thing that we're going to talk about is how do you start looking at and digging into these protocols, right? Well, the first thing I did was I bought a new truck. When I got that truck, it had key fobs. Like anything, I took it apart. And when I took the key fob apart, what do you always look for when you want to start doing RF research? FCCID. Not only did the FCCID tell me a lot about the fob, what it looked like, internal parts, it told me the frequencies, it told me how wide it communicated at, and it made my life a lot easier. It's documented. Some of the things will be, some of them won't. Look for it and see. So one of the things, yeah, tell me when I'm on the one that says Ford here, yay, again I didn't realize it was going to be this far away. So fortunately we've got some stuff we're going to look at. So I'm going to show you some videos real quick of how some of this stuff worked. And then we're going to talk about how it all came out. So this is an example of vehicles locked. This was a rental car. I take, I leave the keys on there so you know that I'm not doing anything with them. And now I walk over to the side of the vehicle, unlocked. So one of the things that happens when you do this is people are going to say, well, wait a minute, I thought there was rolling code. And what we're going to talk about is why rolling code is great when rolling code works and why it's not great when it doesn't work. So we're just going to get into, first I'm going to explain a little bit about rolling code and what we're looking at when we do that. When I talk about rolling code, what I want you to think about is if I want to make something so that you can't just copy it and replay it. Because we have all, most people in the room I'm sure have heard about the old replay attacks. Well, the problem that happened is they said, you know what? We need to make it so you can't just replay the same signal. So what happens is at the end of the signals, they'll put a code in there that changes. Now that code's not supposed to just jump up by one because then you could just guess what the next code is, right? It's not supposed to. So I started looking at that and I started wondering how the car's relationship worked with multiple key fobs. Well, each key fob has its own count. Now I've played with a lot of different vehicles. The reason that I'm doing this talk on Ford is because I was able to document Ford really well because I owned one. I've done exploits on some other vehicles. And when I talk about that, there's other vehicles that I've been able to own even more than the Ford. So the way that I was able to manipulate those, I'm not going to talk about those manufacturers because I haven't been able to document it well enough to give them appropriate time to fix it. Ford, I did. So I take the relationship between two key fobs. And what happens is one will have a slave relationship. Whichever drove it last is typically going to be the master and the other one is going to fall into a subordinate category. With some manufacturers out there, I've found that if I capture a signal from the key fob that is not being used at that time that hasn't driven it last, it'll accept any of those codes because it doesn't look for rolling codes on the key fob other than the one that drove it last. Absolutely works. That's not what we did with Ford. I was looking for that vulnerability because I'd found that in other vehicles. Another trick that I use is I'll replay a whole bunch of lock sequences at a vehicle.  But why would I stop someone from locking me? And then they let the car lock. And once they do, after that, that manufacturer, while the code still rolls, the car doesn't care. It'll accept any code after that. So you have permanent access. This wasn't that attack. While I was trying those, I found something strange out. And this was documented pretty well on the Hack 5 series. There's a way to do a denial of service on Ford. I want to note at no point did I do any jamming techniques. None. I don't do jamming. What I did is I replayed the key fobs. That's it. When you replay a key fob against a Ford, Ford decided that they wanted to stop replay attacks. So if I replay, we'll say key fob A, key fob A, while you can still start the car with it, you can use the manual key, you can use the RFID feature where you walk up and it will unlock if you have that feature in your car. That will still work. However, you won't be able to push any of the buttons because it won't accept any codes from that key fob again until you reset it. So that's the first thing I realized. If you replay, you're going to wind up getting a denial of service. So if I don't want somebody to be able to use their key fob, all I do is catch it, replay it. Done. That key fob will not work again until you reset it. Don't worry. I'm going to show you how to reset it. Then I started realizing that if I then took the second key fob and I sent a signal from it, all of the old codes that I had for key fob one worked again. I started looking at this and I figured out what happened. When Ford deauthorizes a key fob, when you reactivate it, it resets the code count. So I was like, all right, sounds good. Now, to do denial of service, I only need one key fob. To be able to do this, I need two key fobs. Man, that's a little tougher. But I think we can work with this. We'll make it happen. So there's a couple ways to look at that. Most people have at least two keys for their vehicle, right? So if I go and drive my vehicle and then I come home and I have a spouse, they go and drive the vehicle, there's a good chance we're each going to have our own key fob. So if you live in an apartment complex or a housing area or anything else, it's not hard for people to be able to just catch the signals. Because I'm going to show you how I fingerprint which one comes from each. So that's not too hard. Then the other thing we realized, the other thing that we realized was that as you start doing these attacks, once I catch key fob A and key fob B, and I have codes from both of them, and I'm going to release this weekend all the code that you're going to see up here because we made an automatic key fob grabber that you run through the new radio. So anytime you hit a Ford, it just records it for you. And writes it out. So when we started going through and looking at it, one of the cool aspects was that now I could have either one. So hey, if I see that person A drove, now I use person B's signal. Now how do I do that? When I see person A coming out to do something, I just replay any old signal from key fob B. Key fob B is now disabled. Person B is not driving the car. Person A is. So when they get to their car and they unlock it, the moment that I see the car do anything or have it automated, the moment that I see key fob one fire a signal, I have to make sure that within, we'll say roughly 29-ish seconds, if I hit within that window, key fob B, it's reactivated. That's how you reactivate it. You have to hit it within a certain amount of seconds of key fob one being hit. Once I do that, I've reset the code to zero. Every code I've caught up to that point now works. So once we did that, I wanted to be able to automate it. I wanted to be able to see how it works. And people are like, yeah, so you can do this attack from fairly far, right? You have key fobs. You can be fairly close. Interesting thing, my Raptor, when I looked up that FCC code, it's not 315. It's not 433. It's 902 and 903. It actually broadcasts on two channels. We'll talk about that, because that can be a little confusing at first when you're trying to demodulate. So that means that the range is now ridiculous. The reason they do that, they want you to be able to be in the store or anything else and just be anywhere near your vehicle, you can hit the lock button twice and then hold down on remote start. Which, by the way, I capture and replay, and now I start your vehicle. Don't worry. We're going to dig into some stuff funner than that. So I was like, OK, how bad could this be? Well, my Raptor is the only one that did. I said, well, maybe this is a new feature with the cars that use the 900 band. Nope, started testing on the ones with 315. Still worked. I was able to get back to about 2017 for vehicles that I tested against, and every time this worked, Raptor Captor worked. Yesterday, I went to the car hacking village, and they have a mock-up of a 2012. I said, well, let's try it. Yep. All the way back to 2012, I can do a de-authorization attack to your key fob, and I can replay old codes by resetting your rolling code count. So we thought that was pretty interesting. We wanted to keep moving with it. So when you find something like this, you've got a couple roads you can go down. You can just sell it to someone. Use it as an exploit. I'm a big fan of Freedom, and I like being able to do stuff outside of a cage, so I decided not to run down that route. So I got a hold of Ford. Now, it was interesting when I got a hold of Ford, because for almost a month, I reached out. I emailed. I sent them videos of me starting my truck remotely with a porta pack, a HackRF radio, and the porta pack. This is all I needed. I didn't even need a computer. I could catch, boom, replay, done. Whole thing. Finally, nobody reached out to me. And I get it, they're busy. I tried going to HackR1, but they only had software exploits. There was nothing for hardware exploits. So I teach open source, and I'm decent at finding stuff online. So I just found Mr. Ford's email address by some Google searches for atford.com and documents, and sure enough, found it, and I emailed him. And a couple hours later, I got a phone call from an assistant who said, our cyber department will be getting a hold of you. There we go. So when I talked to them, we finally talk, and I get the engineer on the phone, and I'm like, hey, here's the thing, I want to have responsible disclosure. He said, well, the first thing we're going to need you to do is to run the test like this. And he gave me the parameters, exact parameters and times of how he wanted me to test. And I did it. And I said, yeah, it doesn't work if I do it like that. He goes, all right, the protocol sound. I said, yeah, but I got a lot of other ways I could do this, right? And he's like, yeah, but if you do it the way I said, it doesn't work. And nobody else is going to go through the steps that you're doing. No one else is going to push two buttons in under 30 seconds. It's ridiculous. I said, OK, now I will say, everyone else at Ford was, once we started talking, they were really good to deal with. I like my vehicle. And I don't believe that Ford was being irresponsible in the way they did this. I think they were being aggressive in trying to stop replay attacks. I really do. The only negative impact I had with any of them was the one individual. And it's probably because within the first five minutes of our conversation, he goes, hey, I don't want you to get this wrong. I'm impressed a guy like you could even figure this out. But everyone else, and I mean this, everyone else from Ford was actually really good to talk to, very nice to deal with. And it was a good thing. I recommend if you find something, go to them. I did get a type of bug bounty. I got a $500 gift card for keychains and hats on their website. But the bigger thing is I'm able to get the word out about the safety of this and what you need. Because if you don't know how to take that little piece of metal out that's in your little key fob and open your door, and they're all a little different in how you do it, some of them you have to break a piece, a plastic off. Some of them you have to, it's just ridiculous, some of the different ways you have to. You have to pull the handle out, put the key in, turn it to unlock, pull the key out, push the handle in, then pull it back open again. So when you do that, it starts getting ridiculous. But you need to understand that it is extremely important that you learn how to do that. You also, if you have a Ford, need to learn your door access code. Because if you're someone and you get targeted, they can do a denial of service on your key fob. And if you don't have the RFID feature where the door automatically unlocks when you're within a certain range, you're going to have to manually open your car now. There's no way around it. You'll still be able to start it, but you're going to have to manually restart your car. Now, there's a second way that you can reactivate your key fob. Ford has an amazing policy where you can program your own key fobs if you get them. So the cup holder typically, if you open the cup holders up, there'll be a little slot in there. You put your key in there, you turn the car on, and that key is now reset. So you can do it either way. You can have two key fobs, so you reset one that's been denial of service, or once you do get in your car, you put it in the center console, you start your car, you're going to be good. It'll be reset. It'll be reset at count zero, but it'll be reset. So we start going along, and we start digging into this, and we wanted to see what else we could do. So when we were looking at a couple other things, we found something real interesting. Do you see the one, it's a CAN bus video? I apologize, I didn't realize it was going to be that far. What did it say? What? So you see that right there? That's the code to my door panel. You know how I got it? I started the, I simulated a lock sequence, simulated the start the truck sequence, rolled an old unlock code, got in the car, plugged into OBD2 port, and quarried it using 4Scan for the door access code. So now I have permanent access without having to do another replay attack. Oh, you can change this, but the master will always work. This is the master code. It happens. So let's get into it and just kind of show some of the stuff that we can do, because I think it'll be fun. So I want this talk to get people to realize that you don't need super expensive equipment. You don't need thousands of dollars of equipment to start doing this. RTL-SDRs right here, that's it. This is how you start into these worlds. And then as you move up, you get the porta pack. I'm running the porta pack with the Havoc firmware. It is awesome. I love it. I use it all the time. So what we're going to look at is how did I start figuring out what was going on. One of the challenges right now in the capture of the flag is actually to recreate what I did and figure out what the coding sequence is. Because then you may not need to capture both key fobs if you know what the key fob identifier is for the other vehicle. And if you know what the lock sequence is, so I wanted to run down that and see how hard it would be. So most people in the software defined radio world are fairly familiar with a program called Osmocon, FFT. This is a cool little program. So what does this program do? Well, I'm going to show you. I know that these key fobs, because I looked at the FCC site, work around 902. So now I'm listening to 902. Now one of the things that I want to do is I want to listen to enough information. So when I'm listening now, what's going to happen is I can just start looking around to see if there's any key fob activity around me. Hit here, hit average, not too bad.  Now that bump with two spikes lets me know that this is FSK, Frequency Shift Keen. So that means that it sends a zero on one frequency and a one on the other. It's a little harder to demodulate than on off Keen, and it's a little tougher to retransmit. But we're going to show you the tricks to that, and you'll be able to do it in minutes. The other thing when you start looking at this is every time I hit it, I'm able to see this code. That makes life really easy. Now if I listen at 903, oh, I've got two signals. Now I know this because I looked at the FCC site. But if I hadn't, this might surprise me. This might also throw you for a loop, and you might think that it's a very wide FSK and think that you have to work those two signals together. They're the exact same signal being broadcast simultaneously on separate frequencies. So I only need one of them. So that took me a little while to figure out. So I'm going to give you a little hint. If you're trying to recreate this, you only need one side. That's why I make sure that what I listen to, I'm only going to catch one of them. So that's what I did. I just narrow it down. I know that 902 will put me pretty close to where I want to be, and I'll push in there and get it. So that's how I use the first tool. Now I can hit record, and now I have a copy of this file. That means I have a copy that I can use to replay, do whatever I want. And this is a raw catch. This is the exact same signal. So if I replay that same signal, it's just like hitting the key fob. It's great. You just have to make sure that you got it all. The other problem I had is because it was so wide, I was worried I couldn't catch both of them wide enough and play them right. I don't need to. You only need to catch about, if you do one meg wide sample, you're going to be fine. If you do two megs wide, no problem. But make sure you shift either to the left to get the 902, or you shift to the right to get the 903. Because it's 903.6 and 902.37. Don't try to catch them both, because it will make it harder for the next step. So then I'm like, OK, what's a cool tool that I could use to start working with this? Those of you that have seen the stuff that I did with Iris and with some infrared stuff in Gotenna know that I'm a big fan of audacity. Well, this is frequency shift keying, and I have a harder time using that with audacity. For me, it's just it's not as clean. So I was like, you know what? I really like the guys who make in spectrum, right? It's a great little tool. So I'm like, all right, well, that'll work. So now when I'm here, all I have to do is that control C. There we are. All right, so now all I have to do is record a signal. If I record a signal and I put it in here, in spectrum is going to show me how to crack this symbol. It works really well. Works really, really nice. So we're going to grab a sample. We'll put it in here just to show you how easy it is to do. This is going to help me break out ones and zeros and give myself a sanity check to be able to figure out what it is. If you're doing FSK stuff, this makes it really, really nice, OK? So the next step after I used in spectrum is I'll say, all right, what else is out there? There's a program out there called Universal Radio Hacker. This is a great tool. So when I'm using this tool, the first thing it says is, well, what do you want to do? Do you want to record a signal, spoof it, or do you just want to see what's going on out there? Well, I just want to see what's going on out there. So first thing I'm going to do is go to the frequency where I think this is going to be, right? Oh, also make sure I say USRTL. Which one? Wasabi? There? All right, now. Come over here, and I'm going to put 902.3. All right, now that I do that, how wide is my sample? One meg? Good enough for me, because I don't want to catch too much. And I start. Now, what we're going to do is like, wow, there's a lot of noise, right? Because we have this up here, right? So man, well, that's OK. We can still work with this. We're just going to clean some stuff up. There we go, adjust it a little bit. Now, a little bit cleaner, right? So even with all this noise going on out here, I'm still able to clean this up. But am I going to be able to get a catch? Guess we're going to have to see. So the nice thing about it is, oh, yep, I can get a catch. So what do I want to do with this catch? Well, the first thing I do is I want to center my frequency. So I bring this right to the center. I click it. I hit it again. There we go. Now, I've got that pretty well centered. And the nice thing is, this is going to hold it for me. This is going to store that position. So I'm like, OK, well, let's make this happen. So I'm just going to go ahead and close this now. Now, when I close it, I come back over and I say, hey, now I'm ready to record. This one's record, right? OK. So what does all this say up here? It saved all my settings, right? That makes it really nice. It's also going to label my file with these settings. I recommend you leave that in the name. You'd be amazed how easy it is to forget what you actually recorded at or, like, I don't know, your sample rate, which sometimes can be an issue if you're trying to do a replay and you don't remember it. So now I'm like, OK, I'm ready. So I just hit record. Now, once this starts recording, I'm just going to drop a couple samples and see what we can do, OK? So boom, boom. Now, these aren't real huge, but we'll see if it's good enough to do what we need to. So I'm going to save them. OK, now I'm just going to go ahead and leave this right here, save. And it automatically opens them for me when I close this in a place that I can try to work with them. Now, we got a lot of noise, so I might have to do another catch. We'll see if I can clean it up.  That's a little better. You can probably work with that. Now, I'm going to come down here and tell it, hey, can you guess what protocol you think this is? And it's going to try.  So we'll see. There we go. No, so it's not going to clean it up much more. So this is the noise button right here, right? OK, so what I'm going to do to the noise button is, what number is in there right now? 110. All right, see if we can clean it up a little bit. Did it change it to 10? All right. So, yeah, it's still got a little bit of noise. So it's just straight 10 right now? No, no, it's 0010. 0010? OK. So that noise is still pretty high, right? Is it? All right. So what's the number? What's that? Yeah. Live brick, you got to love it. Yay, all right, all right. There's a way around that. OK, there we go. We are good. We'll just hit it again. No scared. All right, so now, if you already have a file, the nice thing about it is, you can actually just come down here and open a pre-existing file, right? So I can come through here and I can look. So here's what it looks like if you just open a file that you've been working on trying to save. So I'm going to open it up. All right, so I do the same thing. Let's clean it up a little bit. Says, hey, I can't see the protocol. Well, let's go ahead and do our filter again. The filter is going to try to get rid of all this extra noise. Now, here's the other kicker. I don't need this, right? Well, let's just get rid of it. Delete, correct? Now I don't have to deal with it. So if you've dealt much with radios, man, that's a nice feature. I can just come in here and get rid of it. Now, I still need to adjust this noise. It's way too much. What's the number there? 135. OK, so 080. 080. Oh, now we're getting some stuff we can see, right? Let's go a little bit further. What's it say? 0, 0. OK, here we go. Now I can probably work with this. This is looking a little better. So my data down here doesn't look horrible. But if I want to see what's going on a little more, it's going to give me a couple ways of viewing it. So when I click here, I can come to the demodulation view. And now this gives me the ability to actually look at this FSK signal. And that's what we want to do. We want to be able to actually come in here and look at it. So I can start drilling in. And now I can see, hey, you know what? Let's clean this up just a little bit more. Now this is going to let us come in and be able to see more stuff. Now I can actually see those ones and zeros. And now if I say, hey, can you find this protocol? What do you think it is? We've cleaned it up enough. It says, OK, I think we figured this out. And it's able to come in and start looking at this. If I want to change it on my own, I can come in there and adjust it out. Gives you a nice feature over here so that you can make it a little bigger, figure it out, drop it in. There we are. This makes life really, really simple. It's really easy to do this. So that's one of the ones that I like digging into and looking at. Now I'm going to go ahead and close this one. OK, let's go ahead and we're going to open a file now. So let me know when it's down at the one that says Ford. Is that? Lock, lock. So now let's see what this code looks like. So let's say that we've spent about an hour digging into this. Wow. So once I get that cleaned up, this starts spitting this information out for me. So what I've done is, Tim Kerster, for those of you that know him, he's a great guy. Those of you that don't, when it comes to software to find radios, he's like the guy I go to. He's helped teach me from the very beginning. He's just a really amazing guy. He helped me actually break this protocol out. So now when we get in here, we already have these labeled into what they do. Hey, there's a unique identifier. Hey, here's this. Oh, wait a minute. Right here, this is the key fob identifier. These are actually different for the two key fobs. So I know if key fob A or key fob B was used. That makes it really nice. Now over here, I'm able to see the lock and unlock sequence. Now how do I know this? I know this because I caught some lock sequences from one key fob. Then I caught some unlock sequences from the same key fob. And I saw which bits changed. Then I did the same thing with the other key fob. But this can get really tough to look at, right? So the nice thing with this program is, it will actually come in and change stuff around for you. So you can say, hey, I want to look at everything in hex. So it'll come in here, and it'll let you look at stuff in hex. Usually. What's that? I'm sorry, I can't hear. Yeah.  All right. Pop it up again. We're good. Here we go. Nice and fast. Got it. All right, so now we're in here. Drop it to hex. There we are. Now I've got hex. That's a lot easier to look at than 1s and 0s, isn't it? And now when we come over, do you see how these start changing? So guess what? I know that this is the key fob identifier. This is the unique key identifier. But here's the problem. I can replace stuff I've already caught. But what if I figure out that if a lock sequence is this, and I want to play an unlocked sequence from the other key fob, how am I going to figure that out? Because if anything's off, if any of the way that I send the signals is off, encoding or anything else, I'm going to have a problem. Well, I did some work with TPMS, and I figured out that they use Manchester encoding. Manchester 2 encoding.  I was like, no. So all I do, if I want to see how this is going to be affected, I just go ahead and I highlight everything I want. I come down here. Now, Manchester 2 encoding. So let's look at this now. Little easier. So now when we look at this, what it's actually doing is we're able to come in here, see what's going on, and it's just a lot cleaner. And that was one of the issues that we had initially. And now, what do they have here? We can actually look. Instead of using a bunch of crazy characters that might be hard to read or maybe make it more difficult for somebody to figure out the protocol, one is lock, two is unlock. Basically, it goes right down the key fob, six is panic. So you're able to put this in here. So now I could get the code from figure out what the sequence is for key fob 2, and I could just flip a bit and have it now say unlock instead of lock. Now where it got really funny was when we started coming over towards the end, because when we start looking at this protocol, anyone see any funky counts? Rick, is there any sequencing that looks like? Now, these are more key fobs. So what I'm going to do is show you what happens when you catch like 25 of them. All the way up to this point, they count by one. Literally, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, zero, A, B, C, D, one, two, three, four, five, six. And then they flip the bit to the left. So if I want to know what the higher rolling code would be, I just need to flip the bit to the left because I know that it'll be one complete cycle away from it. Yeah. So that's a recent find that we were just able to be able to get into and start figuring out. So when we do this and we started looking at it, it started becoming very evident that there's some flaws with this protocol. But the other thing is there's some amazing tools out there for us to use. In Spectrum, you get in there, you break the code out, you can tell FSK very simply. You get into this, you're able to find some really, really cool stuff that you can play with. Now, once you get these codes and you get them working, here we go. I'll show you the kind of thing you can do. So, I don't think we have volume. So, port-a-pack. I fired up. Now, you'll see the lights. I unlock it. Now I start it remotely. So any thing you want to do that the key fob can do, you now have the ability to do. Then once you start it and then you unlock it, one of the next steps that you can do. This is just another, I apologize, another one. This is, here we go. This is how after I unlock your car, well, I start it, then I unlock it. This is how I get permanent access. Doing the same thing. I unlock it. I'm walking to the vehicle and I get in. Trucks are supposed to be dirty. So now I get in. The reason I videotaped the entire process was because I wanted to make sure that that engineer who I met wasn't going to say, well, I think it might have skipped a step. So I plug in. I use a program called 4Scan. Now it's pretty expensive, $75 for a lifetime license. So again, boundaries set pretty high. Now all I do is, this gives me the ability to do some great stuff. I don't like having the volume control on the right-hand side of my steering wheel because I typically drive my left hand. So I just switch the controls all through this.  Got rid of it. Seatbelt alarm. So then I come into this and I don't show the whole thing because I don't want you to have the full code to it, but I showed you a screenshot of part of it. Go ahead. I can. It sounds like a bad word. It's not. So the question was, can I tell you what the software is again? It's 4Scan. S-C-A-N. Yeah. Yeah, I know. So it's an L-CAM that you can buy. If you look up anything about 4Scan, they'll tell you about it. It's about a $15 to $20 device.  It's a pretty cool little device. But it also gives me the ability to get permanent access, as you're seeing here, to your door code, which means you can never keep me out at that point. So when we did this, I had no idea it was going to lead all the way to the point to where I could get permanent access to the door code on the side. I also hadn't thought of the dangers of the denial of service part until later on. And then I realized how easy it would be for somebody to do that. So one of the things we really want to come out of this talk is we want people to know how to get into your car if your key fob doesn't work. If your key fob just quits working, have a high index of suspicion that maybe somebody's trying to replay attack. How can you reset it? You take the key fob that works. You hit any button on it. And then you hit the other one within about half a minute, has to be pretty quick. And once you do that, the other key fob works. Now, one of the kickers with this was, you're like, well, OK, yeah, you make the other key fob work again. But you have to be right there. How are you actually going to be able to use it? So here's what I do. I can catch any code. So what I do is key fob A, I catch a whole bunch of codes. Because I haven't shown you the sniffer yet. We're getting ready to turn that on. Because it's automated, because I'm lazy. So once I have those codes, when you drive your vehicle and then you come back and then I see person B drive the vehicle, the moment that I de-auth your key fob, as long as I play my codes in order and you don't use your key fob, it's indefinite how long I have access. Until you use your key fob again and I play my codes in order, they're valid. There's no time limit to use them. There's only a time limit for that reset factor. That was another thing. He's like, well, yeah, you got to be there within 30 seconds. I said, no, I just have to fire one message. Well, they'd see that something happened. No, not if one of the messages is, oh, I don't know. The double press you use when you start the vehicle and I only send one of them, doesn't matter. If it catches one symbol that it knows, key fob reactivated. So we set that up, tested it. It works great. So how do we automate this and make it a little bit easier? This is where Tim comes in. Why? Well, because I can lift heavy things, but I can't always spell them. So I call Tim. So we use another really fun program. This is a program that if you have not used it, you definitely should. It is called GNU Radio Companion. How many people in the room have used GNU Radio Companion? Yeah, this thing's awesome. So we're gonna release this code for everyone this weekend and you're gonna be able to have Raptor Captor, which this is an automated system. It uses a module that Tim wrote that he calls GRRevenge.  So, oh, if I have this preamble and then I see this sequence, write it and it just writes it for you. We're gonna turn it on, we're gonna try it because I could be lying. So, let me open. So, Rick, can I, or Rosabi, I'm gonna need some eyes again. So, where does it say open? There we go. Nope. And Raptor Captor, is that Raptor Captor lower? Is it lower? Okay, so we'll pop this one in real quick, see what happens. Whoop. So, yep. Make sure it's assembled. We'll go, there's two of them, so we'll see how this one runs. All right, so it's looking okay. Getting some signals, but we're getting signals, we're not getting anything to write. So it's like, ah, man. Well, if you listen to the, remember I said you have to pick which side you're gonna listen to. If you try to listen to too much, you aren't gonna get anything. So, let's go back here. Open. File. Okay. Now, where's the other Raptor? Okay. What's it say, which one says lower? This one? Yeah. So, let's see what happens if we try to do this and we actually pick like just one side of the spectrum, instead of both, because remember it's kicking out of both, right? What did it say? Takes a minute for it to, okay. Oh, wait a minute. What's that? Yeah, so what happens is we're actually, we're probably getting some interference because all this is that right at 902 as well. But now, because I picked one side of the spectrum, oh, now I have a counter. This immediately spits out whatever code they hit. So, if I automate this, it writes to a file, hey, I got unlock for key fob one. I got three locks for key fob one. I got two codes, two locks for key fob B. I got a start for key fob B. I know how to categorize all of them because they follow the same code. It's that simple. As long as you know the number, one, two, six, whatever it is, you know it's either lock, unlock, panic, start, and you can now recreate, use this and build your own captor and auto replay to be able to manually do this without having to sit there and watch somebody. Which is what I was told by the engineer, well, nobody's gonna do that. So he's obviously never been divorced. So, now it's automated. I can put this on anything. What makes this possible and very easy is that block that I told you about. There we go, catch, catch. Now, it makes it easy because there's trigger set in. It's a great module. I recommend if you use GNU radio, look up GRRevenge. It is amazing how well because you can set these triggers to be able to do it. So, from start to finish, how did we work it? We were able to come in here and get into a vehicle by watching someone else. We denied their access if we wanted to or we just shut their key fob off when it was a key fob that wasn't being used and replayed all the codes that we already had. Once we replay them, we can do anything we want. Then we can get inside the car. Once we're inside the car, we plug into the OBD2 port. Once we plug into the OBD2 port, now there's a lot we can do but I'm just gonna talk about the simple ability to pull the door access code. We tried to take this and not be limited by one set of factors. I didn't wanna say, oh hey, yeah, I can do an RF attack. Well, let's demodulate it. Let's see if maybe we can work on this. So, the next step is we're gonna start flipping bits because now that we figured out what the coding was because before when we were trying that, it wasn't working. Well, now I know after doing some TPMS stuff that it actually had to be flipped to Manchester 2 which I never expected. I was using Manchester 1. So when I get home, I'm gonna be out there trying to flip bits and see, can I send a replay or a lock sequence from key fob 2? Can I jump by one increment in that category that we saw and be able to make things happen? I don't know, but it's worth trying. You're all gonna have the tools to be able to try it as well which means you can give feedback and maybe figure out more than I did, hopefully. But all the tools are gonna be available to you. In spectrums out there, Universal Radio Hacker makes this so simple to be able to. All you have to do is use the cell filter. Don't push it more than two or three times. Use the cell filter, adjust your noise levels. It makes FSK easy because FSK is not always easy. In spectrum does the same thing. I was gonna do an In Spectrum demo, but from this far away, it'd be a waste of your time because it would take so long being able to see it, but all you do is you put it in there, you say, hey, I'm doing some frequency sampling and you just drop it right in the center of the code that you can see or the signal that you see and it helps adjust all that for you. That way you have multiple reasons and the reason that I want you to use more than one tool when you do this. If you use one tool and you're wrong, you don't know you're wrong until you just start beating your head against wall. I always compare, especially if I'm pulling ones and zeros out of a signal with multiple things. I'll use Universal Radio Hacker, I'll use Audacity, I'll use In Spectrum, I'll use Raptor Captor, but what I do is I put it all together and I see, was there a big difference, was there something wrong? One of the biggest things you're gonna do wrong is you're gonna record it at one meg and then you're gonna use a default two meg for your sample rate and when you try to replay, you might have some issues. Make sure you remember that sample rate because you'd be amazed how many times you're like, wow, this was just working. It was, but you didn't readjust your sample rate. That's probably the easiest, fastest one that I've seen people make mistakes with. And the other thing is just to have fun with it and try it.  I started with the basics. Can I get a one and zero out of this? From there, it just took off and it was great. So the only way that we're gonna get better at this stuff is if everybody tries doing it. And that's what I want everyone here to do is just keep working at this and try and do stuff. And it's not just with RF, light does the same thing. Vehicles use a lot of light. The LiDAR system to tell how far away you are? That's a designated coated laser. Yeah, things can be done there. TPMS, one of the challenges we have them doing over here is I set a TPMS challenge up. We have a TPMS Fox right now that's walking around that's broadcasting an actual Ford tire sequence. It's a Fox this year. They had to break the TPMS protocol and then be able to figure out the full ones and zeros out of that. Jared, thank you for driving that research that got a lot of us involved. Now, that's a capture of the flag event. So, I mean, that's the thing. If you don't know Jared and the stuff, it's amazing. Thank you very much, please. He's the person who invented the porta pack that goes on your hack RF. Oh, really? I didn't, ha ha, yeah. Those, oh, yeah, I'm sorry, I didn't see you there. Yeah, stand up, this is in spectrum right here. That tool, like I said, I wish I had a monitor right in front of me, is amazing. And as a cross-reference piece, that tool is simply incredible. And if you're doing FSK, I can't imagine doing it without having that tool as a backup. It's incredible, thank you for making that. The, so, the big thing with this talk is I wanted to make it where people could walk out of here with at least a little extra knowledge of how to either do something or figure it out and I also wanted you to have the safety feature. I'm not saying Ford's bad, trust me. Most manufacturers have errors in what they're doing. It just is, no one's hack-proof. I was just able to document this well enough to do a talk. There's other vehicles that I'm able to lock and unlock and some of them, I destroy the rolling code protocol all together. Test it, try it out, know what you have. But I'm gonna go ahead and open up for questions and anything.  Is that gonna unsink your key fob? That I found because there used to be a event, please correct me, those of you that have done it because I wasn't doing this when they were using the first edition of rolling code, but it was only like 250-some rolls. Now it's around 63,000. So you're good. So yeah, I do these demos and talks and I've never had an issue. But it's a good question, something definitely to think of. But now you know how to reset it if it does get out of sync. So the question was, do these attacks work if the vehicle's moving? Only if that vehicle allows the person with their key fob to do these. It depends on the protocol that that vehicle has. Most vehicles won't let you do most of these things while the vehicles engage. So it would depend on what the protocol is. You're following their exact protocol. In fact, you're following it the exact way the guy told me he wrote it. So what? I did not test while driving if the key fob will engage. So, but it's an area to look at. I did not try those. I'm not sure what they would do, but it's definitely something that I think we could start running down and working with. There's some great, there's a lot of opportunities here. Flipping bits, I'm excited for people to get this and start practicing flipping bits to see can we make it take a lock instead of an unlock? Can we make the other key fob the master? How does it work? Let's see. You're gonna be able to see the sequencing of counts up to a certain point. Just back off one and move up. I don't know for sure. I just figured that piece out literally in the last 48 hours. Just like I just found out that at least all the way back to 2012, this works. So seven years worth of vehicles, you can do this too, at least. Go ahead. Question was, is there a fix? I don't know if this can be fixed in software or if this would have to be done at the body control module. So he asked if the door access code can be reprogrammed through the CAN bus. I don't know the code to do it. I'm not saying it can't be. You can change it yourself. It's a feature you can do. However, if you change it, the master code will still stay the master code. Yes, sir. Looking to see whether it's encrypted or not. So that's one of the things that I'm looking at to check because when you do the FCC search, it actually tells you which encryption protocol they're using, which I apologize, I've taught my head I can't. Yep, however, if those products are sold in America, they've got to use the FCC. So you can use our FCC. And it's a simple Google search. I just do FCC ID and whatever I'm working on or looking at will have, it'll say FCC ID. I just type it right in, put it in quotes, do an Uncle Google's thing and done. Any other questions? Oh, so he asked how long the packet is and the other question is the sample rate. I'm sorry, symbol rate, but what was the second part of it? Oh, a checksum. So we were looking at that and everything we found makes it look like there isn't. We ran checksum, in fact, Universal Radio Hacker will do a checksum check for you. And each time it never matched up, so I can't say it doesn't, but everything we found looks like there's not a checksum. I can't say with 100% certainty, but we've looked and we haven't been able to prove it is a checksum and we tried. We thought for sure it was. Definitely a good stock. Anything else? I appreciate your time. Thank you for coming to the talk.  I did all the processing, all the data rates, all the collection, compu stick, that's it. Didn't need any big crazy computers, something I can put in my pocket, take anywhere, and the presentation all off this.


I wanted to take this opportunity to remind you that we all have our demons, and it may appear in very dark moments when we look at our addictions and our fears and anxieties and the really deep dark things that lurk within us. It's important to remember that part of being human is having these demons or these monsters in you, and as long as you feel like you're somehow damaged or unique for having them, you'll never be able to truly solve them because solving these problems, facing these demons, doesn't necessarily mean you win over them or you overcome them forever. The problem is mostly in the non-acceptance, and as long as you think you're the only one, there can't be any acceptance. You know, if you did something that nobody else did that's so bad and so reprehensible, it would be very hard to forgive yourself because you can't identify yourself as a human, as a part of the human population, which is where much of our suffering comes from. So what I would recommend for you is to start identifying what your demons are, and if I'll be very blunt and honest, mine mostly relate to trust issues. So over the years I've built some pretty severe trust issues with people, and that's my biggest demon, and unless you share those demons, unless you talk about them to your friends and family and people who will support you, who you know will be there for you and trust you and again help you feel safe. This is the number one thing, is make you feel safe with those demons. Unless you have those people, you're not gonna overcome it, you're not gonna feel safe, which is a very, very bad thing because the alternative of not confronting the demon is at best it's really not good to your life and at worst it's a catastrophe. So talk to the people you care about, join a group of people who do suffer from the same demons because there are people who have your demons and especially online today you can find them very easily. Make sure that if you do join a group like that, it's not a group that feeds that demon but it's a group that supports and loves each other through the demon. So for example if we're going to talk about trust issues then what would be really bad for me, it would be joining a group where people are like they should basically become the demon and find a platform for it. So they just talk about people are not trustworthy, you shouldn't trust women, you shouldn't trust people in general, people are gonna backstab you. If you join a group like that, it's not really gonna work. The point is a group of people who are positive and the same with your friends and family and relationship, talk to them about it and honestly just seek reassurance. So just they don't need to be your psychologist, they don't need to treat you differently. The only thing that you should make sure to ask for is reassurance. So for example if your demon is like mine and it's related to trust, what I usually do is I ask for sort of support on that like to get a kind of a strengthening of trust because my trust very easily goes away and you have a lot of ways to help people bring the trust back. Or if your demon is whatever it may be, you know, maybe you can't handle chaos and you just enter into severe stress or something. The same thing would apply where you instead of trying to deal with it yourself, which is almost always impossible besides maybe breathing a bit, but nothing will truly like calm it down and solve it, not consistently at least. You need to talk to people, you need to get help from friends, family, and support groups.  So when you do get into that stressful situation and chaos is enveloping you and you just don't know what to do and you kind of break down, that's the point where you pick up the phone and you call that person that you really, really trust and you just say, look, I'm having a breakdown. I don't know what to do and I could really use some help right now. You don't need to actually help me just give me a hug or just tell me that everything is okay and that will help you get out of it. But don't try to face it alone, no matter what you do, do not try to fight the demon alone, it will take over your mind and it will win. This is what drives people to suicide. This is what again, it's really bad, really, really bad when the demon takes over the worst things begin to happen. So I hope this message helps you and I really hope it finds you at a good time or to be more precise a bad time where I can help make it better and talk to you soon.


Colossus Press is a multinational training evolution. All week we've been doing CQC training, which is close quarters combat. Close quarters combat is the tactical clearing of ships to eliminate all threats on the vessel before the boarding team can safely search the vessel for illicit contraband. The trainees comprise Jabushan Devi, Jabushan Coast Guard, Yemet Coast Guard, Somali Police Forest, and Comros Coast Guard. The trainers comprise of United States Navy, United States Coast Guard, Greek Special Forces, and the Senegalese Marantz. So behind me we have the Jabushan Navy currently conducting a training boarding on board the Yemeni's vessel Aden. We have two members holding security on the crew, mustered on the fantail. We have two members on the bridge verifying paperwork and documents while two members search the ship and look for any illicit contraband. So Colossus Press for me has been a great opportunity to come out to this part of the world and make new friends and relationships with countries the Coast Guard typically doesn't operate with, but the U.S. at large does and it's been a great opportunity.


Hey, what's going on guys be over here again for another trailer reaction. This one is for Fox the gifted It is a I'm assuming a comic book Property comic book TV show that will be doing on debuting on Fox later on this year and to be honest with you I don't know much about this at all. I mean I heard about it a while ago, but when it comes to Fox With their comic book properties, I'm just not excited for it. I mean about it at all I don't like what Fox does with Marvel and their comic book properties. It's just not that good to me I mean they've they've delivered a few gems so far Brian Singer as a director He's okay X-Men 1 and X-Men 2 was alright a lot of people Try to rate that is like, you know, some of the best comic book movies ever I don't see how that's possible, but everyone is entitled to their own opinion but this is a TV show that I heard about this trailer came out a while ago and I just wasn't excited about checking it out But you know, I still want to go in with an open with open mind So I'm about to check it out and you know, maybe it could be good It can possibly be the best thing I've ever seen but you know only one way will only one There's only one way to tell All right, here we go. I read your file. You're a very troubled young woman Hmm, believe it or not. I'm here to help you you know when you Put your hand out of the window of a moving car you can feel the air and guide it I can push the air together water to other stuff Who taught you how to swim? You I can teach you this Dude, you should teach me Thank you for meeting with us Of course, I understand you have some concerns about your son Andy and I have always been very close, but we believe he's being bullied Hey, look who's here So what's the verdict this time?  Evening, hear about Andrew and Lauren in a way that there was a bit of an incident at the school this evening I need you to go get them for me They're not going anywhere. We have to secure the safety of the community What is that? Sure, that's what they get Sure about the mutant incident. Those are my kids. You have to help them Oh snap Why didn't you tell me you have powers? Dad puts people like us in jail My experience things change when it's your own kid There is nothing more important to me than my family The X-Men the brotherhood we don't even know if they exist anymore I suggest you think about what's best for your family What do we do it's gonna be all right Trying to recognize where that that that uh soundtrack came from that beat All right, there was like uh at the Like a month before captain america civil war came out last year I forgot the name of the new youtube channel. It wasn't midnight's edge. It was It wasn't that channel. It was this other channel that deserves a lot of mcu exchange Is who it was and they had like this seven to eight minute compilation of all that happened in the mcu from you know Iron man up until that point, you know centering on captain america And I think they use that same beat. It was one of the most epic videos I've ever seen just kind of just made you just want to throw your fists in the air and scream But yeah, I think that's the same beat. Um, if you know who put that compose that put that together Please put that in the comment section Um, so yeah, you can tell I was turned on by that soundtrack By that beat it looks pretty good It looks a lot better than that black lightning crap that you can go check out my reaction review for that But it does look pretty good. Um, there was one character that said We don't even know if the x-men or the brotherhood still exists So I imagine that this is a post x-men world before I hit play and I didn't say it to you I was also wondering is it how much is this linked up to everything else I didn't even know if it could possibly be even linked up with the actual mcu owned by disney But that's a long shot. Maybe that'll happen in You know a number of years. I mean, sony and marvel are doing a deal now But you know just to be honest with you. I extremely doubt it, but it did look pretty good I'm going to check it out. I'm not going to get my expectations high because You know, it's just never good and bryan singer. He's this an okay guy to me. He's not He's a competent director You know, he'll do what the studio says and you know, he won't do anything that makes them uncomfortable Which is can be fine in times, but at the same time That can also be bland, you know, he's no michael Not michael. He's no matthew von and matthew von is the guy that's doing the kingsman movies He did kick ass He also did the x-men movie x-men first class Which is in my top 10 best comic book movie superhero comic book movies of all time But guys, that's just my opinion of the gifted trailer by fox What did you think did it turn you on did it turn you off? Do you agree with me or do you disagree with me? Let me know in the comment section below Let's get this conversation going and keep it for him Also guys ellen covenant his theaters this weekend. I did post a movie review for that So just subscribe to my channel and go check it out. Give me a like Also guys help me out because I really would love to go to the red carpet premiere of black panther that comes out february of 2018 of next year. It's also in black history month I'm black if you couldn't tell already and I'm being silly, but that would just you know, put me over joy Or, you know over the moon with you know, happiness and satisfaction Is it a likely chance that I'll go? Who knows? It's a long shot. I know and I'm going for it And so help me out by sharing this video 1000 times and if you like this video you can give me the thumbs up and if you didn't like this video That's fine. Just leave me a comment below why and still give me a thumbs up Since you're watching this on youtube go ahead and subscribe to my youtube channel That way you can get all the content that I have to provide whether it's a Trailer reaction a clip reaction a movie review Spoiler review or you just want to hear my opinion on things that I think is cool Whether it's my blu-ray collection or news that's circling around the movie industry You can also go to my website book market check me out there and also look me up on social media But guys, I just want to thank you again for tuning in for my trailer review slash your pan slash reaction Of the gifted trailer by fox and before you go. Don't forget. Then my name is brenkey thaivery And that's just my opinion