I will start on magnetism, before going to magnetism I think one or two application what we were discussing for you know coordination chemistry I will show in here. Sometime we do not realize that the simple high spin, low spin configuration can give you something very very important. For example, let us say you have a complex which is low spin it has one color, low spin you know what sort of transition you do expect, it can vary depending on the compound. Let us say you have a given compound the compound is low spin. If you give the temperature, if you heat the complex what you can have is you can convert the low spin compound into high spin, because low spin means what those spin cannot go in the easy orbital let us say t 2 g to easy orbital. Now as soon as you put heat or let us say laser light some of the spin some of those electron will be now traveling to the easy orbital t 2 g to easy. Now the color of that compound will be different, it could be white to red red to white or whatever it is right. So, by changing these something like display you see lot of these color display you know in big audience or big auditorium or even display in the on road side somewhere else. So, basically let us say it is one color the moment laser light is you know signing on this display what happens it may be it may be something showing a particular thing particular let us say name written whatever you want to happy but they wish that something you have wished me that can be written over here on the board just by signing those laser lights that is nothing, but changing high spin to low spin configuration. Lot of things can be done and it has been done without realizing we are seeing those. Other form of these sort of high spin low spin configuration can be used in your money card or ATM. Let us say you have a debit card you have 10,000 rupees every time you pick up money let us say first time you pick up 2000 rupees from ATM machine right. Now so, what can happen is a selected amount of laser light can be irradiated on your card because 2000 rupees will let us say be selecting by default how much laser light to sign. There by some of the complex will go from high spin to low spin or low spin to high spin let us say low spin to high spin specifically you are putting light. So, low spin to high spin will be going next time when you are punching the card again the machine can read how much money you have left let us say after 10,000 minus 2000 8,000. This way let us say at the end you have 1000 rupees you want to draw 5000 rupees from that instrument will not allow. So, these are also technique these are different ways to take advantage of this complex this is something one paper has already come and only problem is so far this technique is little bit expensive that is why we do not see it in the market right now, but soon enough it will be make hopefully made cheaper then you can you know the technology itself is coming expensive that is why it is not in the market, but in principle it can be done. So, lot of the practical application just by signing light since just by signing light you can change the electronic configuration of a compound of course, you have to choose the right compound right wavelength right everything let us say, but once you have that right combination you can do one that something like this right also other thing of course, you know that you have a color less compound you add something high spin to let us say low spin complex form or low spin to high spin complex form something like you cannot read here this is a iron aqua complex which is color less you the moment you add phenanthroly into it high spin complex becomes low spin complex color changes another. So, this is of course, sometime you can use it for magic lot of other application you can have simple color change other things for example, if you have let us say this red complex red complex is due to the low spin complex red complex is due to the low spin complex for example, you are starting with that the you are heating it. So, this is the temperature initially it was 250 Kelvin that is almost like room temperature let us say you start from there you keep on heating nothing happening nothing happening select at a selected temperature now this low spin to high spin transition is going on then what you will see all of a sudden at a particular temperature this red compound is becoming white ok. So, at that let us say this is 325 this is becoming white now that white compound you can try to pull down it will not follow exactly same pathway because the relaxation of the spin like spin was up spin has to go down that relaxation need not be necessarily following the same path you have excited something the relaxation means coming back from the you know the easy level to T 2 G level need not follow the same temperature profile what it can happen is at after reaching this white color it will take quite sometime to come back to the red color. So, that even if you are decreasing the temperature still it stays white and at a particular temperature cooling down at a particular temperature can bring you red. So, these are nothing this is like a very good I mean you know some these sort of you know behavior you can apply to something which may be let us say I mean it could be let us say what I said for money card your ATM card it could be for other display device lot of other things you can you can do. So, display device for example, it is here you just sign the light. So, it is getting heated thereby. So, red color or let us say purple color it is coming white color even if you cool down significantly these white color may not go back to red very quickly, but then again there are different material which can relax faster that means high spin to low spin it can come down faster. So, you sign the light the whatever we says whatever writing is there you see it you take off the light it goes back to the white or red or blue or sorry this is purple again. So, you can basically dictate the term you can tell what you want thereby which complex to pick you want to sign the light from let us say violet color or red color you want to go to white color and you want to stay in white that is one of the mode or if you want to go back right after switching of the laser that can be also possible. So, these are nothing, but application in different display which you can have based on the synthetic chemistry knowledge of course, lot of start up companies and lot of other related application in material science has already come up these are something of course, you can in future if you are looking for a start up company something that this knowledge it necessary it not necessarily this knowledge it is some other knowledge you read in let us say in fourth year fifth year or sorry fourth year. So, you can you can take it off and try to set up a company from these simple ideas if there is none existing. So, that is I guess that is that knowledge sharing and today we will discuss mainly magnets ok. We were discussing magnets in the last class simply magnets are nothing, but having or magnetic compounds are nothing, but having unpaired electron that is what we were discussing. More than unpaired electron better the magnetic moment or higher the magnetic moment magnetic values will be high ok. If you have paired up all the spin paired up if you have unpaired electron, but those unpaired electron are not unpaired they are pairing it up then you are losing the magnetic value right magnetic moment value. So, all the complexes can potentially therefore, give you magnetic moment because all of them are having electrons. Now, the electron as we were say saying electrons are rotating around its own axis that is the spin value it is spinning that is why it can give you one type of momentum ok or spin or spin angular momentum or sorry it is called spin only values for magnetic moment or it can rotate around the orbital ok. There is a nucleus surrounding it the electrons are rotating. So, these are the two types of motion that can give you magnetic moment, but what we are saying usually you do not have to worry about the orbital component only the spin only value good enough because ligands are restricting the electrons because they are overlapping effectively restricting the electrons to rotate around the orbital. So, therefore, since the electrons cannot really balance electron mind you not the inner electron balance electron not effectively able to rotate around its own orbit or rotate along its orbit you end up getting only spin component only spin magnetic moment value you get ok. Now, also we were trying to tell you that some cases you have to have spin value plus some orbital contribution why is that that simply because those whenever one orbital to another orbital transition is possible I guess last class we were trying to discuss. So, let us say d x y to d y z to d x z these transitions are allowed transition because by rotating just 90 degree you can interconvert these orbital. Therefore, you can see there is a magnetic component let us say from x y direction to a x z direction. So, thereby there is a some some sort of magnetic contribution on those z direction it is not necessarily ligand is holding the electron completely it is retarding it it is preventing it, but not 100 percent. The moment electron can transfer from one orbital to another orbital that means, the direction changes x y direction to x z direction some component will be arising that is the one going to give you the orbital contribution ok I will come back to that again ok. Let me tell you again simply electron can spin therefore, magnetic moment values can come out of it, but opposite spin can cancel each other as we were trying to say ok. Overall I guess overall we in terms of mathematical calculation we can have this equation where essentially you are keeping your molecules in a magnetic field and that magnetic field is going to be your H. So, in let us say this is the magnetic field of H here you are keeping the compound right. So, how much magnetization or how much effect this molecule is going to feel that is dependent on the magnetic field that H plus its characteristics its nature what can it be magnetized pretty easily that is the term called I ok. So, any species kept in a magnetic field is going to feel the field itself plus its inherent behavior that will try to make it magnetized. So, that is the I component. Now so, intensity of magnetization how quickly it can or how greatly it can orient with respect to that magnetic field ok. Now, if you do the math so, B by H if you divided by H, B by H will be 4 phi I by I by H right. This term is called this kappa or the magnetic susceptibility ok. So, this is the term kappa is the magnetic susceptibility. Now, from there you can do the following math simply there is kappa by rho which is the density of the species density of the molecule that will be the gram molar gram magnetic susceptibility multiply that with molecular weight that will be molar susceptibility. So, this I by H term you divided by rho simple its density of the molecule you get chi g or x this magnetic susceptibility gram magnetic susceptibility. This term you multiply by molecular weight you get molecular or sorry this molar susceptibility ok. This is just simple math you have this equation divide by H you get I by H which is kappa divide kappa by rho that is going to be your gram susceptibility or mass susceptibility. Mass susceptibility multiply by molecular weight you are going to get this molar susceptibility it is something I think you have studied before. Now, once you have that molar susceptibility that is corresponded with the magnetic moment value this is the simple equation. Now, from there you can get the magnetic moment value of a compound right. Of course, mu you can calculate what it is coming it has a temperature component. So, what it tells you is the temperature is going to affect your magnetic moment value. We are going to see how it is affecting. The magnetic moment value is the one we were talking it has two component that is spin component and the orbital component ok. Now, this magnetic moment value can give you the idea about the complex itself what it is made of how many unpaired electron it has. This is a experimentally measurable quantity you can measure the magnetic moment value and thereby you can get crucial information about your let us say unknown compound ok. It can give you number of unpaired electrons present high spin low spin it can give you the spectral behavior you can it can also tell you something about the structure of the complex. So, what all we are saying is if you have an unknown complex you can measure the magnetic moment value of it and thereby you can try to tell what that compound is made of right. How the equation is equations are we have seen in here these are two different equation one is this one another is this one as long as you know the relationship between these two equation you are good to go. This is simple connection between them you just figure it out between these two equation this equation and that equation ok. They are connected by this kappa i by h and then kappa divided by your density will give you molar susceptibility and then multiplied by molecular weight you just look two minutes it should be clear right. So, based on these equation it is expected usually one of the map is given usually we get one question at least based on these two equation they are interrelation some value will be given and thereby you have to calculate the magnetic moment let us say ok. Usually also in I think maybe it is in the tutorial question as well I forgot ok fine. Now we were talking in the last class as well and today itself also we have two component orbital component and spin component the resultant one is going to be the mu total right, but this orbital component is going to be nullified or it will be diminished decreased not necessarily you can prevent it 100 percent ok. That is the orbital contribution usually we do not have to worry about orbital contribution you can calculate just mu spin only. The equation for calculating this mu total by taking this orbital and spin contribution is this one ok alright. Now what happens? So, the capital S this S is number of unpaired electron their spin if it is 3 unpaired electron half plus half plus half 3 by 2 L L will that will come will come for the lanthanide section it is the summation of usually M L right. So, for d orbital it is let us say plus 2 plus 1 0 minus 1 minus 2 will come for the lanthanide from there we will discuss. Anyway you do not have to calculate for d block element you usually do not have to calculate the L value you can only plug this equation for the S value ok alright. So, we have two component once again only spin value is good enough what you nail it down further is root of N multiplied by N plus 2 N N times N plus 2 root of that that gives you for 1 unpaired electron 2 unpaired electrons 3 unpaired electrons 4 and 5 and so on what would be the magnetic moment value. So, by knowing how many unpaired electron is there pretty much you can be confident what will be the experimental or experimentally observed magnetic moment for pretty much a lot of cases. Now so, that is the magnetic moment value, but often what you see is at the end of it the experimentally observed magnetic moment value is slightly higher sometime lot higher how those are coming from or where they are coming from that is due to the assumption that this component does not exist ok. We bring them back to explain it ok. So, when you need to when the orbital angular momentum that nu L part comes in ok. It comes in when you have degenerate orbital we have degenerate orbital if the orbital was not splitted then this component would have been high if 5 d orbitals were degenerate then interconversion would have been possible much easier or 5 of the or 5 of the orbital it can interconvert. So, electron can interconvert between 1 2 3 4 5. So, therefore, the orbital sorry orbital angular momentum value would have been higher since in octahedral field for example, or tetrahedral field it is splitted into t 2 g e g or e t 2 we are going to get little less orbital angular momentum value ok compared to unsplitted d orbital right. Now, of course, interconversion leads to some sort of nu directionality x y to x z z is nu x z to y z y is nu right. So, that is the one contributing for your little bit more momentum right. Now, just degeneracy is not good enough why because you should be able to interconvert also for example, d x 2 y 2 ok this is the last warning ok. It is a big class it is if it was a small class I would not have mind too much because I know what exactly goes on ok please have some respect ok. So, what we are trying to have is t 2 g e g e g d x 2 y 2 and d z 2 by no way you can interconvert. Therefore, in e g you from e g you cannot get any orbital angular momentum value only possibility is t 2 g because the d x y d y z d x z are interconvertible ok. Of course, if they are having same spin you cannot interconvert right. So, let us say t 2 g 3 1 1 1 all 3 of them are having same spin you cannot interconvert fair enough. So, inter there they should be similar shape in size d x y d y z d x z are the same shape in size there should they should be interconvertible and the orbital must not contain electrons of identical spin that is the criteria for getting some orbital angular momentum is it clear? So, t 2 g 1 you can get orbital angular momentum because t 2 g 1 that 1 unpaired electron can be either in d x y d y z or d x z 3 different orientations are possible. t 2 g 2 is possible t 2 g 3 is not possible t 2 g 4 once again is possible t 2 g 5 is possible t 2 g 6 is not possible ok in t 2 g 3 all 3 are having same spin from where to where you will interconvert. See t 2 g 1 means d x y 2 d y z you can go interconvert means 1 means they have to exchange if there is no scope for exchanging for how will you exchange ok same spin t 2 g 3 means 3 unpaired spin in the same direction spin multiplicity same direction they will be having you. So, only so far as we see only t 2 g 3 will not be able to give you yeah ok yeah that I am coming yeah next slide. So, that interconversion will be having some contribution not as great as let us say t 2 g to t 2 g configuration. So, t 2 g to t 2 g I mean interchange will give you little bit more orbital angular momentum value compared to e g to t 2 g conversion that is that is what the next slide is all about. So, d y z d x y and d x z these 3 orbitals are interconvertible no problem ok over here that is the interconversion is shown. So, you just so you just rotate by 90 degree you will be able to rotate d x y. So, this plane to that plane to that or whatever these 3 different plane you can see. Now, as you see d z 2 and d x 2 y 2 are not interconvertible. So, from purely from easy orbital just easy orbital itself cannot give you any orbital angular momentum value. So, that you know the spin only value is only considered ok. Now, of course, what your friend trying to say is d x y is convert can be converted to d x 2 y 2 yes and thereby once you can convert d x 2 y 2 into d x y then you can interconvert d x y to d x z d y z and so on. So, t 2 g easy mixing if you can have then you will be able to get better orbital angular momentum value, but usually for mixing those energy has to be close enough if the gap is very high that mixing is not going to be possible right ok. So, we all hopefully by now understand that it is angular momentum or this orbital angular momentum and spin momentum value are important usually spin only value is good enough, but in some cases you have to talk about orbital angular momentum. Actually that is makes it you know little bit important or interesting otherwise whatever unpaired electron is there you will just end up calculating based on your calculator right. That is not fun of course, the exam questions are asked at least one two or so on orbital angular momentum ok when orbital angular momentum is there ok. Now so, this is the same thing what I was trying to say d 1 can have these three different contribution for example, titanium 3 plus is having d 1 electronic configuration and therefore, orbital contribution will be there for example, d 2 vanadium 7 plus. So, how the question would be let us say a complex is given where vanadium is sorry vanadium 3 plus vanadium 3 plus and you are asked whether it will have any orbital angular momentum or not or in some other form it will be asked indirectly, but mostly definitely I can assure you at least one question will be there on orbital angular momentum at least if not two ok. So, there you can have two different or three different configuration orbital contribution possible yes ok. Now this is something you do not have to remember, but you can justify. You can go through each of those one by one. So, d 1 orbital angular momentum possible yes you can perhaps not read from here that is ok. So, what we have tried to do here is given you the complex different complex and their electronic configuration d 1, d 2, d 3, d 4 up to d 10 and then you have to write down t 2 g easy electronic configuration.


a presentation of TFNN. The Tom O'Brien Show is produced every business day. Tom takes your phone calls toll-free at 1-877-927-6648 internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Let's go to Alan Homosassa. Hey, Al, what's going on? Isn't it wonderful, this gentleman here with the gold report right before the market fell apart ended up with P-A-A-S. We have a 98% gain in the year. And I mean, we want 99% proof like Irish Whiskey, but we have a good game there. You always told us to do what we feel comfortable with. And if I lose a little bit of money on the table, I will. But I know that I just pocketed $8,000 or $9,000 in two weeks. That's a beautiful thing, man. Now, Tom O'Brien. Welcome, folks. March 20th, yeah. So if you just listened to that program, folks, that was Dave's last program, unfortunately. And I'm just going to go through when I met him what he's meant to all of us. We're going to put a full show together. First off, I want to thank all the listeners. I want to thank all the hosts. We've got a huge amount of emails. What happened, folks, is that, unfortunately, Dave passed away on St. Patrick's Day. But what this is going to be about right now is celebrating his life, celebrating. I met Dave. Dave came up to my office. This is when I first got to Florida. The thing is, wow, you hit that ad over 20 years ago. But I was just doing the numbers. And actually, Dave came up to my office 23 years ago. And we were on West Bay. And he had said to me, he was a listener. And he had just finished a software. He worked for a software company. He just finished a software company. He says, I think I can do something for you. I says, oh, yeah, well, can you do for me? He says, well, you do this volume deal. And I'd like to work with you. I said, this is great, man. Do you know what I mean? So I came in. That's how it started. So he's been with TFNN for a long time. He's had a show, I think, for 15 years. But behind the scenes, he's been there for the whole, well, for 23 years. Great guy, liked to sail. He sailed a lot when we first met him. Had a couple of schnauzers. Loved his dogs. And what happened, unfortunately, this is the thing that I've had to say, and yesterday's gone, tomorrow's not here. What are you doing right now? It's important that we all understand that right now. And when I say right now, I really to understand, if you get an answer from someone and you don't like that answer, fight for that answer. Because I suspect Dave fought for this answer. Because when I talk to his niece, what ended up happening is that he never misses a news. He doesn't miss anything, you know what I mean? If he's going to take off, we know it like three weeks ahead of time. So what ended up happening is that he didn't have his newsletter on the 15th. No, on the 15th? It was last Tuesday and Wednesday. Wednesday and Thursday, rather. And as soon as that happened, Tommy knew our thoughts was something wrong. He set the cops to his house. The cops, you know, there was a note in the door that said, you know, I'm walking to your dogs, Dave. And the cops said, well, listen, everything looks all right. Then that just didn't seem right either. So then Tommy sent Jacob to his house and we left the note of his house. Bottom line, we got a call later that, yeah, he had a massive heart attack. Well, no, we got a call later that he just passed away. I talked to his niece over the weekend and this is the real thing that is insane, folks, OK? So what happened is that Dave finished that show, the show you just watched. He finished the show. He went to the hospital because he wasn't feeling good and he felt that it was his heart that he told me because all the way down his arm was all getting numb. Bottom line, they sent them home. As they sent them home, he unfortunately collapsed right when he was in his doorstep. You know, so there's something wrong with that whole deal. But I got that off his niece. They're dealing with it and it's not a cool deal. But as you just heard that show, he had a lot of great things going for him in a big way. And listen, life is precious. And it's like, wow, it was great hearing his voice. I loved hearing his voice. And you get to cherish all of that. Because the bottom line is that life is fleeting, man. Yesterday's gone. Tomorrow's not here. What are you doing right now? Well, we're always going to cherish our man, Mr. Dave White. Tommy and I, all of us, we're going to get a nice remembrance together from the listeners, from clips. And we'll have that out in the next month. No, I mean next couple of weeks, OK? So yeah, just like that. That's the thing that's crazy. So the other side of that, too, I've been close enough to my supervisor of the construction company had a similar deal. And what happens if you do have heart problems, folks, what happens is that you've got to go to the doctor. And because it seems that if you make it through the first one, you're OK. Because there's so many things they can do now. The deal is when you don't make it through the first one, that's the problem, OK? So Dave, I'm sure you're up there and getting us some option advice. So we'll see where these dailies and weeklies options go. And we miss you then. Market-wise out here, folks, that was up 285. NASDAQ's up 14. SAPs are up 25. Gold, gold contracts up 1280. That's trading to 2003. It's silver up 21 cents, 2265. LightSuite crewed up 64 cents, 6738. Notes and bonds, a 10-year note down 24 ticks, trading 115, the 30-year down a 0.5, trading out at 131.13. And then KingDollar. KingDollar right now is trading down 378 ticks at 103.331. I'm sure you heard over the weekend that you get the UBS is basically taking out Credit Suisse. And then you have these AT-1 bonds. Now, these AT-1 bonds that you hear any about, folks, OK? Like PIMCO lost $870 million on it. And VESCO lost $370 million. BlackRack lost $113 million. What they're called, they're called hand-grenade bonds. I mean, when I started this business, it was the bonds that got me going. These were hand-grenade bonds. And what hand-grenade bonds that they knew that they could blow up and blow up in a monster way. And bottom line, they blew up. And these bonds came into being after the fiasco in 2007, 2008. We don't have them in the United States. They did this a different way in Europe. But they were basically, if your T01 went under T01, these bonds came into play. And they literally were called hand-grenade bonds in the business, OK? So they got a trillion dollar loss. Well, that's their problem, OK? Because the bottom line is that risk is very important. Stay right there, folks, you'll come right back. We have the Dow. Dow and Desk Jills up right now, up $292 million. Nasdaq is up $16 million. S&P's up $26 million. We'll come right back. Currencies, commodities, and bond markets are as important as ever right now with how they're driving the volatility in equity markets across the globe, which is why it's a great time to try out Teddy Kegstad's Tiger Forex report. Teddy Kegstad breaks down the forex markets every Monday using his 30-plus years of experience as a trading veteran of futures, forex, stocks, and options. Teddy releases his weekly Tiger Forex report every Monday morning with coverage of all the major currency pairs, including the dollar index, the euro dollar, pound dollar, dollar Swiss, dollar yen, as well as many more. And he also has weekly coverage of the crude oil market and the 30-year T-bonds as they both influence forex markets tremendously. When you sign up for the Tiger Forex report, you also gain instant access to Teddy's 60-minute webinar archive he just hosted, forex strategies, and fundamentals. What is behind the Tiger Forex report? For all the details and to start your 30-day Tiger Forex report subscription today, visit the front page of TFNN.com. TFNN, educating investors. Are you looking for a way to consistently add winning trades to your portfolio? Tom O'Brien is here to help. Tom O'Brien has been successfully trading markets for over 30 years. A frequent contributor to TD Ameritrade Network and CNBC, Tom O'Brien founded TFNN over 20 years ago to help educate investors just like you. Tom's Daily Market Newsletter, Market Insights, is published every morning when the market's open to give you the competitive informational edge you need to succeed. These newsletters are packed full of Tom's advanced technical analysis and are geared to deliver comprehensive strategies for a successful portfolio. Get Tom O'Brien's newsletter, Market Insights today, and try all of our products and newsletters 30 days risk-free with our money-back guarantee at TFNN.com. 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Toll free at 1-877-927-6648 internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Well, welcome back, folks, to Dow. Dow Industries right now at 280 at the Nasdaq, up 13, S&Ps up 25. Let's get over to our mammas to Steve Rhodes as we do each and every Monday at 20 past the hour. And don't forget, folks, Steve's does an outstanding show here every trading day, 11 to 12, Eastern Standard Time. Also has a great newsletter, a Mastering Probability. Now, it's very easy to get to Steve's newsletter, folks. Come over to our website at TFNN. Go on to Newsletters. You're gonna see it on the Mastering Probability on the right-hand side. You can get Steve's newsletter for one month for $149. You can get it for six months for $695, which is a statement of $199 or 22%. And you get it for one year for $1195, which is a statement of $593 or 33%. Now, when you get Steve's newsletter, folks, you are gonna get a huge amount of information because, of course, he has many things out there between the TD count, his oscillator unchanged line, just a great amount of information that bottom line that you can take advantage of. And when I say take advantage of, well, you actually can take advantage of because you can go out there and get it for 29 days. And if it doesn't work for you, you don't have to pay for it. Bottom line, it's a 30-day money-back guarantee. So check it out. Steve Rhodes, how you doing, man? Hanging in there. Yeah, yeah, such Jesus.  You know what I mean? No, totally. But, Tom, each of us here, oh, you had debt of gratitude. Yeah. You know, had you not met David, as you talked about 23 years ago, he would not have been such a key part of our life. So, you know, very grateful. That's so fast. I can't even believe it. When I heard the ad before it's coming on, I says, hold it. It's more than that because I remember it, folks, by the office we're in. And I've been out of that office that long. That's how I remember it, so. Yeah, great guy. And now, and you know, you've created this amazing family with inside the TFNN community. So I think there's a lot of family members kind of pissed off, knowing that he took himself to the hospital. Yeah, that's, and we're finding out, folks, this is what's going on. See, his family is spread across the country. Well, unfortunately, his mother and father has died. His brother and sister has died. He only has nieces, right? And they're spread out there in Atlanta and Chicago. And, you know, I'm trying to find out the hospital. I think I know the hospital.  I mean, they've had problems forever. And, you know, anyway, so. Yeah, well, I think his brother passed away from a heart attack if I'm not mistaken. He did. He did. Yeah. Because I was talking to the brother's daughter. That's why he's talking to it, right. Okay, perfect. So now you've got this guy, you've got David going to the hospital. Hey, it's in my family.  It's unthinkable. Yeah. It's just, unless there's something that we don't know, you know, it's certainly something unthinkable. So yeah, it was great. Thanks for replaying that. Yeah.   You know what I mean? It's so good. And then it was great. That's Steve from Austin called, man. Because if you know Dave folks, I mean, you know, Dave is Dave, man. And that was right up his alley. Perfect. Yeah, absolutely. Yeah. Absolutely. So, you know, I can certainly be the gold standard for his teachings. I think that his teachings from any of us will just simply live forever. And that's a beautiful thing.  And we're going to miss him dearly. We are well. There's no doubt, man. Yeah. So I thought maybe just go ahead and stick with gold here. Okay. Since we're talking about a gold standard of an individual. And folks, this chart here is taking a look at gold priced in dollars, which is on the left-hand side, euros next to it, then yen and gold priced in pounds. And those folks that have seen me talk about these charts here where I took a look at different instruments priced in different currencies. Real rallies are where the price is moving up in all major currencies. And what I found, Tom, and going back and taking a look at gold is that when it tops out, it will typically top out in all major currencies at or very near the exact same time. The purple line that is on these charts here, they represent the month that gold made its high in US dollars. So if that's true, and that gold will form a high at the same time, well, we can see based upon how gold is traded in euros and yen and pounds, which have taken out those time periods, gold in terms of US dollars has not made a major top. And we're likely to head to new higher highs out there. I don't see like that, I believe that we will. If you take a look at gold priced in yen and pounds, they've already made new well-timed highs this month. Yes. And euros just missed it by a smidgen out there. The gold contract happens to be, at least it was when I put this together made about an hour ago, it was traded above its February 2nd swing point, and it was doing it with volume. And that sets up a potential A to B equal CD to the upside out here. Now, I say potential simply because gold is trading into a swing point from March 7th through March 11th. And if we switch over here, so I've done, Tom, as I'm going from the gold contract just to maybe make it easier for the audience, nearly everybody has got access to the GLD. Yes. Not everybody has the GLD. Yeah, that's a great way of doing it, Steve. Right, so we could see what's going on in gold. Now, here's the GLD so everybody can do this. In the case of the GLD on the left-hand side, we've got the daily timeframe. We can see that it took out at swing point at 181.73. The bottom line shows the 7.9 million shares was a swing point volume. You take a look at how we took that out. It was with massive volume. And this gives us an A to B equal CD to the upside with a one-to-one price projection of 199. But, Tom, as you've taught us, gold is not likely to do just a one-to-one. It'll expand itself. And plus the retracement here was only 43%. And the move along the C to D line, it's on the left-hand side. All of this is on the strong side, suggesting a move up beyond 199. 207 would be the one-to-one point 272. When I take this to the weekly timeframe, here's where we can see that we're running into some issues. The swing point that it's trading into has got big volume. 135 million shares out there. Right. So that's the issue that we're gonna be dealing with. And we could see some choppy trade. On the monthly chart, everything looks great. It's above the top of its profile, which is resistance, folks. And so suggests that it really wants to move higher. So again, to summarize this chart, 199.35 is the one-to-one confirmed A to B equal CD to the upside on the daily timeframe. And so I'm suggesting because we're moving into this volume period, just for folks to fasten their seatbelts out there. And so even on the weekly basis, we also have the cool thing here is we've got a confirmed A to B equal CD upside on the weekly basis as well. I just think we've got some issues, some volume issues to deal with. I don't see any real topping signals other than. And so in honor of certainly David and Bud Rolfs is the reason that I put this chart up here. Here are Bud's horizontal trading ranges or primary trading range boundary lines. I've got both daily, which are in blue and the green ones are the weekly time periods out here. So there's resistance. This is for the GLD now at 186.18, 188.64 at 199.35. If I take a look at the, if I'd step out instead of looking at a weekly chart, this was a weekly chart, Tom. Here's a daily timeframe. And it just have just the daily horizontal trading ranges. Turns out that at 186.18, which is the next horizontal trading range, ties into this 186th level where we should run into some resistance. So I want folks to watch 186.18. If we get above that, that should help us to again get off to that 199 level. So, you know, in summary, all these other things, all this stuff doesn't matter. You know, we are gonna miss our good friend, David White. Yeah, and thank you so much, Steve, for all your work. And putting that together, because there's no doubt folks, what happens inside the gold market, it's always very tough and it's not gonna be easy even though the crisis is out there. And our man Dave, our man Dave is sitting right up here with us, babes. Right here. He is. There we go. Thanks, Tom. Have a great one, Steve. Have a safe one. Thank you. Stay right there, folks. You're coming right back. If you want to take advantage of this sector, now is the time to subscribe to my Gold Report. The Gold Report is a comprehensive look at the metal sector, as well as the markets that move gold, which is the currency and bond markets. New subscribers get a 30 day money back guarantee, so you have nothing to lose. Every Monday morning, I publish the Gold Report with coverage of gold, silver, bonds, the XAU, HUI, GDX, as well as more than 30 different mining equities. To see for yourself the types of profitable trades that are recommended within the Gold Report, sign up now by visiting TFNN.com. Don't miss out on the next great gold trade. Sign up today. Sharpening your skills as an investor is like getting better at playing a musical instrument. You have to practice, sure, but you also need excellent instruction from experts. At TFNN, you'll get advice and guidance from the authority in technical market analysis, and it's not just dry, tedious text either. 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There's no cash or added costs when you join our community of traders. In the Tiger's Den, you can look over the shoulders of Tom O'Brien and the other TFNN hosts while they analyze charts during their live Tiger TV programs and join an interactive trading community with hundreds of members exchanging ideas, interact with other Tigers and Tigresses as they share trading ideas, news analysis, and discuss the market action all trading day, even at night and on the weekends. The Tiger's Den at Discord is accessible on mobile or tablets as well, so it's always at your reach. To sign up today and become a part of this educational community of traders, just visit the front page of TFNN.com. This segment is brought to you by Think or Swim. For more information, just click the Think or Swim banner on the front page of TFNN.com. Welcome back, folks, to Dow. Dow investors right now up free 27, Nasdaq's up 21, S&Ps are up 30. Let's go to our man, Frank Aguasta. Hey, Frank, what's going on, brother? Hey, Tommy, how are you? Hey, first, Mike, condolences. Thank you. It's always a ton of bricks when somebody close to you, something like that happens. A good way of saying it, a ton of bricks. It was so easy to listen to. Yeah, yeah, we were all listening to it upstairs and, of course, what ends up happening, folks, is that every day, I mean, I listen to every show every day, but in this particular case, we're all listening to it very closely, you know what I mean? So, yeah, there's no doubt, there's no doubt. Well, hey, the rest of you guys, take care down there. Watch out for those hospitals that don't work. I know, listen, man, I can tell you a couple of stories about that hospital, but it's not worth it until I really find out, but yeah, and, you know, all our choices are very important, folks. That's the bottom line. That's, you know, if you learn anything, because what I can't still figure out is that he was still a meticulous man. I'd love to know what, you know, well, we're gonna get to the bottom of it. I'm gonna find out exactly what happened. Yeah, yeah. So what are we gonna look at, Frank? Well, all our, as they say in Boston, all our, it's a stisco gold royalty. Oh, yeah. I figured with, you know, with Royal Gold doing so well from time to time, not much lately. There's gotta be somebody else in the royalty business. And this IPO back in 2014, the monthly chart is a trip because it keeps bouncing ping pong and ball back and forth between about six and 12 or 14. Okay. Recently broke the swing high with more volume and I'd like you to take a look at. Let's take a look. So you get, the low for the year is $9. The high is 15. This is a streamer. You can see that, you know, they only have 28 employees, but what ends up happening is that they are taking in right now 58 million a quarter, you know, bottom line. So it looks like most of their gold is coming out of South America. And yeah, 217 million of that. And so it's a streamer. And what happens with a stream of folks, the way a streamer goes is this, is that they are getting, it's like they operate as a bank. They are getting a gross percentage of what comes out of the ground and they sell. Now the reason that that's so cool is that it has nothing to do with their expense ratio. And this is what ends up happening. I've read plenty of these. If you see one of these streamers, they do a deal with another company. If you actually go through and read the whole prospectus, it's worth it. Because what does happen is that as the price of gold goes up, the stream actually has kickers in it that the stream goes up also. Now I'm not talking about the same level. Let's say that you're getting a stream of 2.5% on gold, right? Well some of these, that's at the price of gold of 1,500. Well it goes to 1,750, well then they get in 3%. It goes to 2,300, they get in 3.5%. They're all set up differently, but most of them are like that. It's not that it goes down, it doesn't stay steady. There are different levels that the streamer itself is getting a kick up. And that's a huge deal because when you get a kick up like that, you're talking about a kick up on hundreds of millions of dollars, you know? So, yeah, it's a great business plan. There's no doubt. So if we take a look at this, is royal gold set up that way too? Yes, yes, yeah, exactly. It's royal gold actually that I found this out about when I start reading them all as is Franco Nevada. And some of these kick ups are huge. And what ends up happening is that if you wonder sometimes why a streamer will go up so much more dramatically than some of the other gold or silver stocks, that's one of the reasons. Another reason that you're gonna see when gold and silver starts moving like this is that there's a ratio that the amount of ore that they take out of the ground and the cost of that ore, once it gets over a certain cost, then if you wonder sometimes, why did this stock go up so much? Is because of the fact, folks, that everything goes to the bottom line then. So you have a stock that's lagging, then all of a sudden the gold kicks in, all the silver kicks in, and the stock goes bananas. That's when that mine becomes so successful that that's what you'll see. Yeah, this is strong, Frank. This is strong. This is, my take right now is that they're all gonna break eyes. But as just as Steve Rhodes said, we've been doing this long enough, right? They're not gonna make this easy. That's the bottom line. But you can kind of just look around and say, okay, man, when you do the numbers, so this is coming, we'll stay with this for a second, Frank, and then we'll get into the bigger picture. This is coming into that last swing point of the 1512. You're at 1480, 1512 on a monthly wage, 15 million. Well, it's already done 17 million. So that's telling me it's gonna basically break topside.  Because I suspect what we're gonna see is this, folks, okay? Is that since I've been in the business, going all the way back to like kind of 1980, right? It's about every 14 years that you have a blow up and they gotta put more money into it. You have a blow up, they gotta put more money into it. So what happens is that because we're dealing with larger numbers every single time, gold and silver, okay? They don't go exactly on these larger numbers, but when they go, they go and they take everything at the same time, meaning they accelerate very quickly. And I think that's where we're at right now. And the reason, this is the reason, this is my reason, because see, the last time that we were up here, right? And Steve was bringing this up that it didn't, gold couldn't make it. And there were plenty of folks that would, we're in that market thinking that, okay, no, no, no, we're gonna go this time, okay? Might take at that particular point because we went up so high so fast that I just don't see it, right? So what ended up happening, you know, we had gold going from the 1600 all the way up to the 19. And then you had the retracement. What I loved about it, we had the retracement going right back to the November rates sign of strength with light volume. Now all of a sudden out of nowhere, it takes off. And that's what you need for higher price, that it comes out of nowhere after it's got sucked down once again. So, you know, we'll see where it shakes out.  So I think that's where we are right now, Frank.  Because the feds, the treasury, they're gonna pull something out of their hat. They always do. And they have to. I mean, that's the reality. It's basically save the banking system. So, you know, who knows what it is now?  You wanna hear something crazy, folks? This is nuts. 15 years ago, UBS, who just took over Credit Suisse, UBS was saved 15 years ago. That's a legacy bank. That was down the tubes. So now it's like, okay, I was looking at that and saying to myself, this is crazy, man. So I think the mantra is you watch it every 12 to 15 years. But UBS was down the tubes. They saved it 15 years ago. Guess what? Yeah. Yeah. You're right. Thank you. Watch out for those hand grenades. That's a sure. No doubt. Stay right there, folks, to come right back. If you're looking for potential trading setups in the stock market, then Rocket Equities and Options report is a newsletter you should try. Tommy O'Brien delivers options and equity trades when the markets present them using a combination of fundamentals and technicals. Sign up for Rocket Equities and Options report today with a 30-day money-back guarantee so you have nothing to risk. 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If you're not satisfied, let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up. TFNN.com, Educating Investors. Biotech is booming, but for how long? Whether you think the Biotech bull has room to run or has run its course, trade LABU or LABD, Directions Daily S&P Biotech three times bull and bear ETFs. Visit DirectionInvestments.com slash Biotech today. An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses of the direction shares carefully before investing. The prospectus and summary prospectus contain this and other information about direction shares. To obtain a prospectus or summary prospectus, please contact Direction Shares at<PHONE_NUMBER>. The prospectus or summary prospectus should be read carefully before investing. An investment in the funds is subject to risk including the possible loss of principal. The funds are designed to be utilized only by sophisticated investors such as traders and active investors. 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It broke the lows of last week and you get an acceleration of volume.  That hasn't worked, you can see that clearly hasn't worked. And one of the main reasons that he did that, and JP Morgan, because JP Morgan Chase did so much business with this bank. This bank did a huge amount of business with JP Morgan Chase, meaning fee structure wise, JP Morgan Chase, bottom line, made a lot of money on this bank. That being said, it's just a matter of what this bank is gonna be tomorrow morning because what you can see right now is that our officials aren't actually working fast enough. This, see this right here, this is gonna spook people because what's going on, so picture, what normally happens is this, is that Tommy was talking about this on the show this morning, is that when they were taking over signature bank, the deal had already been done. No, I'm sorry, credit Swiss. When they basically, when the Swiss National Bank commander said, okay, we're gonna backstop it, well the deal had already been done, meaning that they knew that UBS that was gonna come in and take it over in the whole ball of wax. This particular case, this is a mess. And what this is telling me here is that the deposit is, I'm not waiting because this is what happens and this is what's so dangerous about banks in general, politics in general, as to who do they save and who don't they save. And that gets down to your Rolodex. When we went back to that, Lehman never thought that they were gonna go down, folks. So I'm just right to the very end. I mean, Dick, whatever, what was his last name?  And I suspect what's going on with First Republic is that the big dogs are getting out because what you don't know is that all of a sudden the Treasury and the Fed turns out, says, okay, we gotta let them go because at some point that's what ends up happening and that's what happened with Lehman. The first couple banks they saved, right? I mean, they got wiped out pretty good but they saved them, right? Because they saved jobs. And this particular case, I'm sure people that have big money at this end, okay, well what happens if they don't save it? And that's, you know, that is, that's, I'm not sure it's on the table but it's not a hundred percent that they are gonna save the bank, you know? So I suspect what we're seeing right now is that whoever is unloading this is going to be as knowing that right now, they're just not too sure about what is going on. Oh, here we go, let's see what this is saying, okay. So let's just come across, oh, look at this. This is insane. So the Federal Home Loan Bank issued 304 billion in debt last week, this just came across the tape. People familiar with the matter, who asked not to be identified, that's double. So listen to this, that is double the liquidity, hungry lenders tapped at the Federal Reserve. So that being double, that means we're at 500 billion therein, this is heavy, man. Yeah, so just so you can understand, these are backstops, okay?  Now you get some real problems out here. And again, you know, now the First Republic, now we'll check this out, man. This is what's really intriguing. Do you remember last week, I was bringing up the aspect of the Silicon National Bank, Silicon Valley Bank rather, that what was really happening is that the Federal Reserve was actually saving our US bond market. Why? Because the way that they went upside down is that they bought, I think it was 90 billion of 10-year bonds paying 1.3%, it was a bad trade, that's the bottom line. There was on their books, so of course, what ends up happening is interest rates go up, the price of bonds go down.  And so my take on that really, when it really comes down to this, you know, really saving our own note and bond market. Now, First Republic's not in that situation, where First Republic is, is in the municipal bond market. Now, same type of deal, okay, but different. So it's like, okay, so you haven't come in here yet, and the longer that they don't come in here, the more it's saying to me that that's what's really going on. And if the market ever gets a whiff, that that is what is happening, meaning the fact of the matter is that they're coming in and trying to save our own bond market. Well, let me tell you something, that'll be really that.  If you have, this doesn't count for municipal bonds, but if you have treasuries, and those treasuries only worth 80 or 70 cents on the dollar, the Federal Reserve will take that for collateral and give you 100 cents on the dollar. Well, you know, we know what that is, right? I mean, that's like alchemy, right? That's the bottom line.  Well, they haven't done it on municipal bonds because guess what? That's state by state, city by city, and all of the above. So we'll see where First Republic goes. It's really surprising that they didn't have this together Monday morning when we woke up. And what that's about also is about greed. That's about greed on the shareholders and the strength of the First Republic folks and probably a couple of other bankers out there, you know, because they know what does happen is this, the system might take systems not gonna fall apart. But you'll have a couple more banks go out of business and the bankers themselves know, I just gotta hang on, I gotta hang on. You gotta get over the hump. Once you're over the hump, then you're all right again. What I've seen on humps folks, humps are good two and a half to three months and we're only at the beginning of the hump.  Are you looking for a way to consistently add winning trades to your portfolio? Tom O'Brien is here to help. Tom O'Brien has been successfully trading markets for over 30 years. A frequent contributor to TD Ameritrade Network and CNBC, Tom O'Brien founded TFNN over 20 years ago to help educate investors just like you. Tom's Daily Market Newsletter, Market Insights is published every morning when the market's open to give you the competitive informational edge you need to succeed. These newsletters are packed full of Tom's advanced technical analysis and are geared to deliver comprehensive strategies for a successful portfolio. Get Tom O'Brien's newsletter, Market Insights today and try all of our products and newsletters 30 days risk-free with our money back guarantee at TFNN.com, TFNN Educating Investors. You might think that if you want to be successful at trading in the stock market, you're going to need a crystal ball. After all, it's impossible to predict the future, right? Like any endeavor in life, before you decide it's impossible, get some advice from the experts. You might find that it's not so impossible after all. 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When you subscribe, you'll get a weekly report from veteran day trader Larry Pezzavento on stocks you need to pay attention to. And you can trust Larry's analysis. After all, he's got 45 years experience as a day trader. Larry will also provide daily charts, videos and data on the key markets that he's tracking. Expect notifications from Larry on market movement you need to act on at any time. First time subscribers also get a 30 day money back guarantee. If you're not satisfied, let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up. Subscribe to the Fibonacci 24-7 newsletter today. TFNN.com, educating investors. Don't forget, you can listen to TFNN live on your mobile device 24 hours per day. Go to TFNN.com then hit watch Tiger TV. That's TFNN.com then hit watch Tiger TV. Welcome back folks to Dow. Dow investors up 395, NASACs up 46, S&Ps are up about 37. So we have the Fed start tomorrow. It's a two day meeting. Let's take a look at this. You're gonna have a two 30, two o'clock on calendar. Two o'clock on Wednesday, they will come out with their statement and then at two 30, that will be the news conference. And you know, right now, I mean, before this banking crisis, it was a goal for a 0.25 raise in the Fed funds rate. Right now we're 4.5 to 4.75. And of course, the whole kicker here is that, oh, if they don't raise it, they're paranoid and if they do raise it, then it's like, okay, that's gonna squeeze everything even more. Somehow I think he's gonna thread the needle here and probably do it 0.25. Cause he had the guard last week. She did a 5-0 in Europe. It didn't wreck the Europe, you know? So I suspect in order to basically just keep things somewhat on an even level, you know? But they're gonna have to do this first republic because the first republic, I suspected, they had to do that before Wednesday, man. Cause first republic right now, it just got caught in half again out here today. So that thing's gotta get cleaned up. That other thing doesn't get cleaned up. That'll be trading down to $2, you know? Like ASAP.  And the further it goes down, the more that, you know, the heat's gonna come on and it's just gonna, you know, go. Look at the first trade today was 1.2 million shares at $18, if you're looking at this. The next trade, $600,000 at $21. Look at these. And then now down here, look at this, let's see. Then we get $880,000 at $13. These are all, these are block trades that I just put up here, folks, okay? Big, those folks at the very beginning of the day, they must feel so great right now, even though they did lose quite a bit of money. Always remember, folks, the big and claw your heart out, the bull can run you over and thank God, there's always another trade. Health happens in prosperity. Have a great night, have a safe night. Come visit Tommy tomorrow morning. Kicks us off 9 a.m., great show, folks. Look at him, folks.


Some of the greatest work of Leonard Euler centered around series summation. In general, his methods are not considered rigorous today. However, in most cases, a rigorous proof can be found confirming Euler's results. Roughly speaking, these rigorous proofs rely on the theorem that if a series is absolutely convergent, then essentially we can treat it like a polynomial of infinite degree. After Euler found the sum of the reciprocals of the squares, Euler considered a generalization, the sum of the reciprocals of the n-th powers, in various observations on infinite series. This series defines what is now called the Riemann-Zeta function. Euler's main result was showing that this series could be written in product form, where the factors have the form p to the n over p to the n-1, where p is a prime number. And this connects the Riemann-Zeta function to the theory of prime numbers. To prove this, Euler assumed the series had some x. Now if we multiply both sides by 1 over 2 to the n, then we get, and now we can subtract to get, and the important thing here is that our subtraction has eliminated all terms 1 over a to the n, where a has a factor of 2. And again, remember we're treating this as an absolutely convergent series so we're allowed to do this. But now, if we multiply it by 1 over 3 to the n and subtract, we can eliminate all terms 1 over a to the n, where a has a factor of 3. And lather rins repeat, and we find that x times this product of factors that look like 1 minus 1 over prime to the n is equal to 1, and so we can solve for x. And since x was the sum of the series, then the sum of the series of reciprocals could be expressed in product form. Euler then noted that if n equals 2, then from his previous result, that pi squared over 6 is the sum of the reciprocal squares, well that's really this formula where n is equal to 2, and so we get. But note that all the denominators are differences of squares, so using our factorization for the differences of squares, we find, and so pi squared over 6 can be expressed as where the numerator consists of two factors of each prime, and the denominator consists of numbers 1 more and 1 less than each prime. And we could go further. Since Euler had found expressions for the sum of the reciprocal 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th powers, these could be turned into other product forms. For example, from the sum of the reciprocal 4th powers, Euler found a product form, and if we divide this by the expression for pi squared over 6, we obtain. Euler didn't give the details but we can fill them in from the product form of the sum of the reciprocal 4th powers we have, and consequently, well you can do your own homework from this point.


Is there anyone out there that you'd like to kind of mention as like, yeah, this would be an interesting company to work with or we've already started exploring options with this company just to kind of tell the developers out there, give them some examples. If they're wondering, is this something for me, am I the right sort of operation set up? I would say we're very open to developers who are looking at all sorts of applications and configurations. We've had discussions with companies like Okra and VBox that have proprietary hardware and software that they've built. We have conversations with companies like Anji that are looking at both the solar home system market and the mini-grid market. We've also had conversations with CNI developers that work in places like India, for example, Kandy Solar, and many of them have looked at the platform and are actively trying to, either in the process of doing so or have done so, figuring out how they can actually use a public API and send in data and get the generation data validated from those assets to create certificates. What's the advantage of getting involved now if they're not able to yet see the money come in? The derecognition of what we're really keen to get is feedback from developers. And so, one of the benefits of being an early adopter for the platform is to help us shape what this platform looks like so that it can suit, you know, your needs. So if you have a particular tech configuration or you use a particular OEM or you have this certain topology, we can ensure that the platform is designed to incorporate that. So that's where the value in working with us at this stage.


What is up, YouTube? Today I'm coming at you with another video about why I went to med school. The reason I'm doing this video is because, A, you guys asked me a ton of questions about it, and B, I took kind of a circuitous path to get into medicine, so I wanted to kind of share it with you, and maybe if there are other people out there who are in similar shoes as I was, this might be helpful for them. Does that even make sense? Anyways, so let's talk about why I went to med school. Let's go. Okay, so before I start the video, I want to tell you about my friend's platform called MotivateMD. It was created by a fourth year med student, and essentially it's an entire platform devoted to helping pre-med students. They have a ton of different products on their website and their platform, but for right now I wanted to specifically talk about the pre-med app that they offer. It's an app that is completely designed to keep pre-med students on track with getting into med school. My favorite part of the app is something called Focus Timer. It allows you to set a specific goal for a specific amount of time, and it allows you to stay focused on studying or being productive for that certain amount of time. And for those of you applying to med school this year, MotivateMD also provides a personal statement review service and an all-encompassing acceptance package which pre-meds can actually afford. You can use my code chalini20, which I'll put right here. If you use this, you get 20% off everything we just talked about. You can also find the links to all this stuff in my description below, and make sure you use that code chalini20. Now, let's get back to the video. All right, so first and foremost, I want you guys to follow me on Instagram. I will put the link in the description, and also it is just at drchalini, and chalini is how you say my last name, so I'll link that here somewhere, drchalini, follow me on Instagram. All right, so since I told you guys I took a little bit of a circuitous path to get into medicine, I figured we'd go in and touch on that first. So I was actually a economics major in undergraduate university, and I wasn't even interested in medicine. I'd always kind of liked talking about medicine, and my older brother, who is a veterinarian now, he was always interested in medicine. My little brother, who is also a doctor now, was always interested in medicine, but I was actually the athlete of the family. So I was on scholarship, I was a swimmer at my university, and I wasn't really focused on school that much. For me, it was more of focusing on my athletic career, and I wasn't too concerned with schooling. I was pretty much exhausted day in and day out from training, going to multiple practices a day with weightlifting sessions in between, and school was kind of on the back burner for me. And because of that, I kind of like thought I was bad at school, because I never really put forth any effort to it. So fast forward, I ended up graduating undergrad with my degree, and I got a job working for a property manager group or a commercial real estate company where I grew up. So this was kind of my first experience in the corporate world, and let me just tell you, I was miserable. I was, pretty much every day I went to work, I was just like, I have to do something else. For me, I can't focus on meaningless work. It has to have some value or relevance to me. I can't just be doing mundane tasks to benefit a corporation. It just doesn't make sense to me. So after about a year or so working in the corporate world, I decided to take a look at if there are other jobs around my area. I ended up interviewing out a few jobs, and it was like all the same stuff. And what I eventually realized is, this just isn't for me. So I started doing some soul searching, and I knew my older brother and my younger brother were in medicine, and I've always kind of liked it, but I kind of thought, well, I wasn't smart enough to be a doctor. And eventually, I just started to explore those options of medicine. I started doing tons of research about med school and becoming a doctor and becoming a PA and becoming a physical therapist, basically anything in medicine. Ultimately, I sat down with my brother one day. We were actually, I'll never forget this day. My older brother and I were eating lunch, we were having a burrito, and I told him that I was thinking about going into medicine or some sort of medical career, but I didn't know what. And he looked at me, it was the first time he ever said this.  And I was like, I guess he's probably right. So ever since that day, my brother told me that. I ended up just doing nonstop research about medical school and how to get into medical school. Eventually, the stars aligned. Eventually, my company wanted to move me to a different place about an hour away, which I was already sick of working there and I was already looking at going back to school to do all my pre-medical prerequisites. They told me this and I said, what's my alternative? And they said, well, we're gonna have to let you go if you don't take the job. And I was like, well, I guess I'm getting let go. So they kind of made my decision for me and it worked out perfectly.  And I took all of my pre-medical prerequisites in a what, two semesters plus a summer semester. So I had to take both biologies, both physics, both chemistries, both organic chemistries and I take the MCAT on that time period. So I did all those classes and everything in that short period of time, did well on every single class because it was the first time I've ever kind of studied in my life. And once I actually put forth effort, I was like surprised at how it wasn't that hard. Shocking, mind blowing, right? So in that time period, I actually was volunteering pretty significant amount in the ER and I was working at a level on trauma center and I was exposed to so much crazy trauma in a very bad part of town and it was just crazy. And they, I mean, to witness all that stuff as a pre-med student, it kind of like gets you excited and I knew this was a career for me. I also shattered an orthopedic surgeon around that time and a neurosurgeon as well in the OR and the stuff they were doing and watching them be able to just read through MRIs and recognize anatomy was probably, I didn't realize it at the time but that was probably one of the first times I was like, I wanna be able to scroll through an MRI and know exactly what I'm looking at. And here I am now. So I don't know if I said this yet but I took the MCAT in that time. I did pretty decent on it, good enough to land me at Gady and Med School obviously. And I actually applied for a job in New York City because all of my friends lived up in New York City. And in the meantime, I was like, well, I have this degree already and I was already working so I might as well use that in New York City, hang out with my friends until I get into Med School. So I ended up applying for a job up in New York City, moved up to New York City and as soon as I got to New York City, I received an acceptance letter that I got into Med School. And it was kind of awkward because I literally just took that job and then I had to tell my boss like, oh, by the way, I'm gonna have to leave in like nine months to be out of Med School. But luckily, I told her up front and she was cool with it and she let me stay at the job. So it was actually a pretty good experience. I'd have to get a good solid nine or 10 months of a good, you know, decent salary as a corporate person again. But you know, I knew I was going to Med School so it didn't matter that time. So the other question I get all the time is, was it worth it? And for me personally, 100%.  I would just like figure out a way to make YouTube videos every day or like something because that is just not the life for me. Some people can do it and they're fine with it. It's steady every weekend off, which is nice. And you get a solid paycheck and get some pension and get out of there. But I just couldn't do mundane stuff every day, day in and day out. That's just not me. I've never lived back since I got into Med School and now into residency. I've kind of had a unique experience where I've seen both sides of it. I hear a ton of people in medicine say that, oh, I should have done corporate law or oh, I should have been a CEO of some big company. But like the reality is it's not that much better. They still work just as hard. CEOs of major companies are, they're working, okay? They're working a lot more than a doctor does. I personally don't feel that there is another job that's as rewarding as medicine is and that's why I went into Med School to begin with and I have never looked back since that day. Now don't get me wrong, there are tough times in certain days and residency is tough and it's long and you have to put in a ton of work to get where you are. But at the end of the day, as I always say, if you've seen on my previous video, nothing easy is worth a damn. So that's all I got. If you have any questions, leave a comment below. If I liked it, I'll respond to it. Make sure you follow me on Instagram, like I said at the beginning of the video. I post some pretty cool cases throughout the week. Otherwise, I will see you guys on the next video.