Jai Bolo, Narendra Modi ji ki, vande. Thank you so much. I thank S.N.R. Madhu for writing this beautiful song. My beloved brother Ramu Raj for composing and arranging this song and home studio for production. Thank you so much Yomar Jai for this beautiful opportunity. Thank you so much. O Rajagopal ji kudai, Navadhi Agoshengalumai bantapattu, Janmabhumi Puruttara kiya, Dhegathe kuru chulla, Rajasudhamanda Pustagam. Harathina Ayelo Rajithanda Pradhanamandri Narendra Modi ji. Narendra Mandri Alphonse Kannandhanji ki naliki kundta Prakashilam Jaiyuki Anu. Namalai Abhi Sambodhana Jaiyaan, Samsthana Dhekshan Sree Pradhanamandri Narendra Modi ji. Dhekshan Sree Prakash Babu, Lokarathina Ayya, Pradhanamandri Narendra Modi ji. Vethilum Sarasrim Pradeshath Sanigadarai tulla, Vishishtha Bhakthikal, Sahodari Sahodaru Maree.  I am happy to be in Trissur, the cultural capital of Kerala. The Guruvayur temple and the Thishropuram festivals are famous. The world over indeed Trissur offers a glimpse of the reach and our cultural heritage of India. Trissur has produced literary greats like Balmani Amma, Kamla Swaraya, Enmi Krishna Varyar, BKN, Srikumar Edikode and Lila Vati. I fondly remember Kalabhavan Mani and Bahadur from Thissur who ended Malayalam cinema. Friends, during my last visit to Kerala, I dedicated the column bypass which has been pending for decades. Today I am here to dedicate Kochi oil refinery and other projects which will enhance ease of living in Kerala. Friends, four and a half years ago we launched a major effort to make all kitchens smoke free. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in India had a cooking gas connection. Today that number stand at over 90%. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 75% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 75% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 55% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 38% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 38% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 45% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 45% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 45% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 45% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 45% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2014 only 45% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. The party that is governing the state. In 2014 only 45% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. In 2011 only 45% of all homes in Kerala had a cooking gas connection. the issue of the sabrimala temple, the issue of the sabrimala temple had caught the attention of the entire nation. The people of India are seeing the manner in which the communist government of Kerala are disrespecting all aspects of Kerala's culture. I failed to understand why the communists are undermining our culture and civilization, which has stood the taste of time over centuries. The UDF-2 is just like the communists. That double-speak is exposed. Saying one thing in Delhi and another in Kerala is not going to work. And let me tell you, whether the Congress need concern for women empowerment would not be opposing the NDA government's efforts to end triple talak. The communist leader or friends in the UDF and NDA should introspect before attaining Kerala's culture. The issue of the sabrimala temple has caught the attention of the entire nation. The communists of Kerala are seeing the manner in which the people of India are seeing the manner in which the communist government of Kerala are disrespecting all aspects of Kerala's culture. I am not able to understand it. I am not able to understand why the communists of Kerala, who have grown up in hundreds of centuries, are trying to break the culture of Kerala and its culture. The UDF-2 is not different from the communists. They are trying to break the culture of Kerala. They are saying one thing in Delhi and another in Kerala. They are trying to break the culture of Kerala. I am trying to tell you something. The communists of Kerala and the Congress of the UDF are not interested in the culture of Kerala. They are not interested in the culture of Kerala. The communists of Kerala and the Congress of the UDF are not interested in the culture of Kerala. There are many important ministers of Kerala. I want to ask that. Can a communist important minister be able to break the culture of Kerala? Can a communist important minister be able to break the culture of Kerala? Friends, my friends in the opposition are bankrupt. When it comes to any positive and constructive agenda for the development of our nation, all they have is hatred for Modi. Their day begins with abusing Modi and ends with abusing Modi. Their day begins with abusing Modi and ending with abusing Modi. They are not willing to continue their life. They are willing to continue their life. I want to tell them, abuse me as much as you want, but don't mislead the farmers. Abuse me as much as you want, but don't create hundreds and creating opportunities for our youth. Abuse me as much as you want, but don't harm our poor. Abuse me as much as you want, but don't put barriers in India's progress. Abuse me as much as you want, but don't abuse our great nation. Abuse me as much as you want, but don't create hundreds and creating opportunities for our youth. Abuse me as much as you want, but don't harm our poor. Abuse me as much as you want, but don't create hundreds and creating opportunities for our youth. Abuse me as much as you want, but don't create hundreds and creating opportunities for our youth. Abuse me as much as you want, but don't create hundreds and creating opportunities for our youth. Abuse me as much as you want, but don't create hundreds and creating opportunities for our youth. Abuse me as much as you want, but don't create hundreds and creating opportunities for our youth. Abuse me as much as you want, but don't abuse our great nation. Abuse me as much as you want, but don't abuse our great nation. Abuse me as much as you want, but don't abuse our great nation. Abuse me as much as you want, but don't abuse our great nation. Abuse me as much as you want, but don't abuse our great nation. Abuse me as much as you want, but don't abuse our great nation. Abuse me as much as you want, but don't abuse our great nation. Abuse me as much as you want, but don't abuse our great nation. that is what is happening in parts of Kerala where political workers are killed, just because their idealism is different from the communists, now this culture has prayed to Madhupadesh where BJP workers are being attacked, the mindset of the emergency still live on in the minds of many congress leaders, Congress and communists are talking about the nation, this is not a joke, in Kerala they are talking about the nation which is being killed by the national government in the name of their desire, today this culture is being killed by the national government in the name of their desire, the mindset of the emergency still live on in the minds of many congress leaders, friends India's strength is India's democracy, it is from our land that the ethos of democracy always stood strong, elections will come and go, the nation will remain in their dislike of Narendra Modi, the congress, communists and their other friends should stop disrespecting institution and our democratic fabric, friends in addition to negativity and opposing Indian culture, the congress and the communists have one more thing in common, governments here have filled their own coffers through corruption, in less than 3 years so many LDA ministers had to resign why, UDF corruption lies, solar scam are also well known India's biggest strength is the democracy of this country, the democracy of this country always stood strong, elections will come and go, the nation will remain in their dislike of Narendra Modi, it is the name of the communists, the congress and the people of this country should stop disrespecting the people of this country, today the congress and the communists have one more thing in common, they have one more thing in common, in addition to negativity and opposing Indian culture, the congress and the communists have one more thing in common, they have one more thing in common, they have one more thing in common, they have one more thing in common, friends, since I am among you all, I want to talk to you about one more thing, this shows how the congress feels about strategic interest, more than 2 decades ago a hard working and patriotic ISRO scientist Nambin Narayan was implicated in a false case, just because a few UDF leaders were setting political scores, imagine for their own politics, they damaged national interest, traveled as scientist, it is an honor that our government had the opportunity of confirming a Padma award on Nambin Narayan, the value each and every person who is working to make India stronger, for them science can be abused as fine, for us science is a matter of national pride, for them solar was a means for a scam, for us solar is a means for a global alliance, years ago you install me as your watchman, chokedar in Delhi, as long as I shall not allow corruption, I shall not allow the nation's culture and unity to be destroyed. I want to talk to you about one more thing, before 2 decades a hard working and patriotic ISRO scientist Nambin Narayan was implicated in a false case, because Nambin Narayan was implicated in a false case, because Nambin Narayan was implicated in a false case, Nambin Narayan was implicated in a false case, because Nambin Narayan was implicated in a false case, because Nambin Narayan was implicated in a false case, because Nambin Narayan was implicated in a false case, because Nambin Narayan was implicated in a false case, because Nambin Narayan was implicated in a false case, because Nambin Narayan was implicated in a false case, because Nambin Narayan was implicated in a false case, because Nambin Narayan was implicated in a false case, because Nambin Narayan was implicated in a false case, So stone unturned to solve the problem, friend, let us work together to save the culture of Kerala and to create new India, positive India. India is a country where there is a lot of respect for the people of Kerala and the people of Kerala. Thank you, friends, Bharat Mataki.


streets. They're not there creeping the streets when they is behind them balls. Yeah we on boss talk one on one, one on one, yeah we gonna talk. And so, and you mentioned prison along the way, I know that when you're incarcerated that becomes a deal as well, where there's members of Crips, Blood, different Muslimic faith, all these different sectional groups. And it becomes, it's a different, it's like a different structure when you inside of the inside of the walls than it is when you outside. Actually it would almost seem as if it's more, more like, like it's more togetherness when you inside. What do you think about that? You had no choice but to be together when you inside, you understand me, a lot of shout to me ever man. Now I gotta get the star stud out of my head. Oh no it's all good man. Get to me man. OG zero. Yeah, real talk. That's Cali man. Good talk. Good spirits, good spirits. Amen. But anyway man, it's a difference when you outside in that world you can run from hood to hood. See that's what them youngsters know when they get on this gang, this gang, see I don't gang bang. I don't gang claim and I don't got nothing to do with the gang. I got one gang, I'm in God's gang now. That's my gang. That's my only gang. One on one. And we know that now. I'm gonna stick to the topic but I still. But back then you know they get in these gangs and it's time to go to um, to reap the benefits of what the gang has for you, which is the penitentiary of the grave. When it's time to reap the, one thing that you know when you in the streets I can, I can hit you and run over and hide in his hood.  When you go to the penitentiary, there ain't no hiding. Ain't no hiding place. You run into them all now. It's time to reap the benefits. You know what I'm saying? Ain't no togetherness. You go to the penitentiary and find out them niggas or nothing. This is ruthless. This is the ones in the streets. But there ain't no out of it.    Some niggas be hoes. They come in there and they, they, they, they, they not the niggas they in the streets. They not the crib in the street when they is behind them bars. You can do a lot of that.  I got a major announcement to make, but I'll wait to break that later.


Halloween, Halloween or Halloween the contraction of Hallows' Eve and or Hallows' Evening also known as All Halloween, All Hallows' Eve, or All Saints' Eve, is a celebration observed in a number of countries on October 31, the eve of the Western Christian Feast of All Hallows' Day. It begins the three-day observance of All Hallow Tide 9 the time in the liturgical year dedicated to remembering the dead, including Saints Hallows' Markers, and all the faithful departed. It is widely believed that many Halloween traditions originated from ancient Celtic harvest festivals, particularly the Gaelic Festival Samhain, that such festivals may have had pagan roots, and that Samhain itself was Christianized as Halloween by the early Church. Some believe, however, that Halloween began solely as a Christian holiday, separate from ancient festivals like Samhain. Halloween activities include trick-or-treating or the related guising the tending Halloween costume parties, carving pumpkins into jack-o'-lanterns, lighting bonfires, apple-bobbing, divination games, playing pranks, visiting haunted attractions, telling scary stories, and watching horror films. In many parts of the world, the Christian religious observances of All Hallows' Eve, including attending church services and lighting candles on the graves of the dead, remain popular, although elsewhere it is a more commercial and secular celebration. Some Christians historically abstained from meat on All Hallows' Eve, a tradition reflected in the eating of certain vegetarian foods on this vigil day, including apples, potato pancakes, and soul cakes.


Gweldraeth, y first item of business is general questions in order to get in as many people as possible. We must have short answer sync questions and answers to match. At question number one, I call Ross Greer. To ask the Scottish Government what its position is on whether businesses that meet use of unpaid trial shifts should be disqualified from receiving public sector grants and procurement contracts. Minister Richard Lochhead. The Scottish Government opposes the use of unpaid work trials if a trial period is offered, then this should be paid, whether it leads to permanent employment or not. While employment law is reserved to Westminster, we are using all our levers at our disposal to promote fair work and to tackle worker exploitation. That includes, through a public spend, and our fair work first approach asks employers in receipt of public sector grants, contracts or other funding to commit to adopting fair work criteria, including no inappropriate use of zero-ears contracts and payment of the real living wage. We are now strengthening our conditionality approach by requiring recipients of public sector grants awarded on or after 1 July this year to pay all employees at least the real living wage and provide appropriate channels of effectors' workers' voices. Welcome the minister's opposition to unpaid trial shifts and I am proud to have worked with the Government on the fair work section of the bute house agreement that delivered that real living wage conditionality. Employment law may be reserved to Westminster for now and our options here are limited, but the living wage conditionality for grants and contracts demonstrates that we can go a bit further. Given the Scottish Government's robust opposition to the injustice of unpaid trial shifts, can I ask the minister if the Government will consider adding a new fair work condition that should ban companies who engage in this kind of exploitation from accessing public sector grants and contracts in Scotland? Ross Greer highlighted a very good issue, and we were very disappointed when the Conservatives talked out attempts by Stuart McDonald MP and the House of Commons to put forward a private member's bill to ban this. However, in Scotland, we are determined to go as far as we can within our current powers to tackle the most significant issues in the labour market and to drive fair work practices using the powers that we have. I set out in the bute house agreement that Ross Greer referred to earlier. We will continue to examine how we can strengthen our approach to conditionality. I will certainly ask my officials to consider the issues that he has raised today in Parliament, including highlighting our opposition to unpaid trial shifts as an example of good practice in any future update of our fair work first guidance. Ivan McKee The payment of the real living wage is a key tool to tackle poverty. I am glad to recognise Helens and Islands Enterprise as the first of our agencies to make all grant awards contingent on payment of the real living wage. The fact is that it is a requirement for all businesses locating in Scotland's green ports. Can I ask why that requirement will be rolled out to our other agencies as called for in our national strategy for economic transformation? Ivan McKee I thank Ivan McKee for raising the importance of the real living wage to tackle poverty in Scotland and low pay. Of course, 91 per cent of Scots are now paid the real living wage, which is the highest rate across the whole of the United Kingdom. We are working alongside our enterprise and skills agencies to develop our stronger approach to conditionality. From 1 July, as with the Scottish Government, public sector grants issued by the enterprise and skills agencies will require payment of at least the real living wage and provision, as I said before, of appropriate channels for effective workers' voices. I do join him in congratulating HIE for being ahead of the game and proactive on this issue. Katie Clark The fair work first guidance does not make trade union recognition a requirement for bidders instead of permitting alternative arrangements. It also stipulates that there should be no inappropriate use of zero-hours contracts rather than ruling them out completely. Will the Scottish Government commit to addressing those discrepancies? I assure the member that we are committed to addressing those discrepancies by arguing for more powers for the Scottish Parliament over employment law in Scotland. That is the best way to strengthen the guidance and law in this country, because we do not have the powers to go much further than what we have outlined in our current guidance, where we have to show proportionality in terms of our regulations. However, we have gone very far in Scotland and over £4 billion of public sector investment since 2019 has been subject to fair work first criteria, making a real difference to tens of thousands of workers across this country. Richard Leonard To ask the Scottish Government what additional fiscal measures it will put in place to reduce inequality in Scotland. Tackling poverty and protecting people from harm is one of the three critical and interdependent missions for the Scottish Government. It is only with the full fiscal powers of a normal independent nation that ministers can use all the levers that other Governments have to tackle inequalities. However, our income tax policy decisions for 2023-24 are estimated to add £590 million to the budget, ensuring that we are making the best use of our limited tax powers. We have allocated almost £3 billion this year to support policies that tackle poverty and protect people as far as possible during the on-going cost-of-living crisis. Richard Leonard I thank the cabinet secretary for that response. On the morning that he was elected leader of the SNP, under a headline, I'll Hammer the Rich, the First Minister declared himself to be a socialist. Can the cabinet secretary tell us whether the new-found socialism of the new First Minister will extend to a proposal for a wealth tax being brought to Parliament before the end of the year? Yes or no? With the greatest respect, this is more complex than a yes or no answer. Let me give a principled position of the Government. We have always prioritised a fair and progressive approach to income tax policy. As I said in my original answer, that has been demonstrated by the decisions taken in the last budget that builds on the progressivity that we have within the powers that we have. The recent work for the Institute of Physical Studies has shown that the progressive attitude that we have has seen more support being delivered to less well-off households. We will give consideration to further measures that we can introduce. I look forward to the constructive discussions that we can have with Scottish Labour on that, not just at the anti-poverty summit but as we move forward with our deliberations on taxation policies ahead of the next budget. To ask the Scottish Government what action it has taken in addition to its public consultation to engage with the fishing industry and the coastal communities that could be affected by highly protected marine areas. It has always been our intention to develop these ambitious proposals, hand-in-hand, with those impacted by them. The member asks about action aside from the consultation. Prior to the consultation, we met more than 20 stakeholder groups, representing a wide range of marine industries and users. Those meetings included fisheries organisations such as the Scottish Fishermen's Federation, the Scottish Creel Fishermen's Association, aquaculture groups such as Salmon Scotland, environmental NGOs such as Environment Link, community representatives such as Coastal Communities Network and COSLA. From those meetings directly fed into our consultation, since then we ran 10 online information sessions from February to April to help anyone wishing to provide a response to the consultation. We also provided additional targeted events with regional fishing industry groups such as the Western Isles Fishermen's Association and the North East Whitefish Forum. I will meet with Coastal Island MSPs next week. I thank the minister for her comprehensive answer. In recent weeks, I have spoken to a number of fishers across my constituency who have expressed their concerns around highly protected marine areas. I welcomed the First Minister's commitment last week not to impose on any community a policy that it is vehemently opposed to. Will the minister reassure the fishers that I spoke to and make the same commitment? I am happy to reiterate the First Minister's commitment. I firmly believe that you do not impose policies on communities. You work hand in hand with them to make them work. I want our island and coastal communities to help to shape the creation of those areas, which is why we chose to consult so fully and so early in the process. As I have committed to from the very beginning, site selection will be a participatory process with meaningful community engagement at every stage. The fishing industry and the communities built around it have been crystal clear in their opposition to this Government's HPMA proposals. We stand squarely behind them, but their concerns have been cast aside by this Government time and time again. Can I ask the cabinet secretary if the dismissal of those concerns is based on any sort of economic impact assessment that the Government has undertaken, or is this policy simply blind to the damage that it could do to our rural economy? It is astonishing that I can read out the level of consultation that has been undertaken so far and point to a fulsome consultation right at the beginning of the process and yet still be accused of what the member was narrating. The truth of the matter is that despite progress in improving the state of our marine environment, evidence tells us that we need to do more. The Scottish Marine Assessment of 2020 showed that a number of marine species were in decline, and the most recent UK marine assessment showed that, across the UK, good environmental status was not being achieved. As I have said right from the beginning of the process, we recognise the strength of feeling on this and we are committed to working hand in hand with communities to make this policy work right around the country. Beatrice Wishart does the Scottish Government recognise that lack of detail for communities up and down Scotland's coastline was livelihoods depend on the sea has caused distress and concern. When will the cabinet secretary visit Shetland to meet with the fishing and aquaculture sectors? I thank the member for the question. I narrated some of the interaction that we have already had with fishing and aquaculture sectors. I personally have committed to spend some time in the summer meeting with communities with particular views on that, and I would be happy to speak with Ms Wishart on that point. I do not accept the accusation that, by consulting early, that has been problematic. We could have cherry-picked areas to pilot as other Governments have done. I did not think that that was right. I wanted meaningful engagement right from the beginning. To ask the Scottish Government what discussions it has had with ScotRail regarding improving Sunday train services in West Central Scotland. Transport Scotland regularly engages with Scottish rail holdings on improving ScotRail timetables, including Sunday services in the west of Scotland and beyond. Delivering a Sunday timetable has traditionally relied on overtime working. However, as part of the recent ScotRail pay deal, there is an agreement to bring Sundays into the working week within the next five years. That should end the current reliance on overtime for Sundays and present an opportunity to enhance Sunday services not just in West Scotland but across the ScotRail network. In the meantime, we continue to improve the timetable where possible. I declare my interest as a member of the RMT group. Does the minister agree that it is critical to improve Sunday services across Scotland to give people more choices in public transport? Even in Central Scotland, services can be as infrequent as every two hours. As the minister has said, it is a six-day service run completely on the Sunday by the workforce volunteers paid overtime. Will the minister commit to rebuilding trust with all four rail unions necessary to enter into discussions with them about the other conditions that would be necessary, including investment in new staff that would be required to improve services on a Sunday for the public? Obviously, I want to have a good relationship with all the trade unions who are involved in our rail network. I want to take a collaborative approach to all that we do here. We have already seen that change as I outlined in my initial answer. ScotRail operates around half the number of services on a Sunday that it does in a weekday. Glasgow in the west of Scotland is, at the moment, comparatively well-served, with all suburban and urban routes running a minimum of one train per hour. However, that is a reduction from the two trains a hour that work in most services during the week. We will move forward in that. I can assure Ms McNeill and the chamber that I will do everything possible to co-operate and be collaborative with trade union colleagues. To ask the Scottish Government when it last met with NHS Fife and what was discussed. Ministers and Scottish Government officials regularly meet with representatives of all health boards, including NHS Fife, to discuss matters of importance to local people. Annabelle Ewing. I thank the cabinet secretary for his answer and welcome him to his new post. I have raised consistently the issue of a new medical centre for Lochgelly. Indeed, I have written again this just this week to the cabinet secretary to report that the current premises are dilapidated and unfit for purpose. Will the cabinet secretary therefore agree to visit the medical centre in Lochgelly with me to see for himself the awful conditions facing staff and patients? Will he agree to review the decision not to make the project the priority that it should be? I recognise the local members' long-standing interest in the replacement of the Lochgelly medical centre. I am supportive of the replacement of the centre. The member will be aware that it is one of the areas of priority for health capital funding. However, as it stands at the present moment, the capital budget is already fully committed. It has also been impacted by what was a reduction in our capital allocation by the UK Government and also the significant level of construction inflation that projects are facing. That has all resulted in a lack of flexibility within our existing capital funding arrangements, which is having an impact on projects such as the replacement of the Lochgelly medical centre. However, I hear the member's concerns on this particular issue and her invitation to visit the facility, which I would be more than happy to undertake with the local member. To ask the Scottish Government what plans it has to tackle the vacancies in child and adolescent mental health services. The Scottish Government remains committed to improving the mental health and wellbeing of Scotland's population and to ensure that everyone receives the best possible care and support from our health and care services. Delivering this can only be delivered, can only be achieved with the right workforce capacity and capability. We have invested heavily in staffing in recent years, which is why CAMHS workforce has more than doubled under this Government. Responsibility for the recruitment of CAMHS staff lies with NHS boards. In the NHS recovery plan 2021-26, the Scottish Government committed to providing sufficient funding for around 320 additional staff in CAMHS over the next five years, with the potential to increase capacity for CAMHS cases by more than 10,000. Since December last year, there have been 190 vacancies listed. 89 of those were left unfilled for three months or longer. That comes after Public Health Scotland figures published last month that showed that 70.1 per cent of children were seen by CAMHS within 18 weeks of referral, almost 20 per cent below the Scottish Government's own target. Those figures are unacceptable. When will the Scottish National Party Government make child and adolescent mental health services a priority? How will the Government attract people into a profession that has stretched the breaking point? I recognise the concerns that the member is raising.  To underscore that fact, we have more than doubled the CAMHS workforce in the course of this Government's time in office. For example, I mentioned that we are in the process of recruiting another 320 additional staff in CAMHS over a five-year period, and we have already had some 67 per cent progress on that recruitment programme. We want to continue to see that workforce increase, which is why we are putting in the additional investment. The member will also be aware that we are seeing more people through the CAMHS network than we have ever done before. We want to make sure that children get the right services in their local communities in the way that they best meet their mental health needs, and that is why we are continuing to make investment in CAMHS services. To ask the Scottish Government what the average waiting time is for unrology patients who are seeking an appointment with a physiotherapist. Information on physiotherapy waits for people with neurology conditions is not held centrally by the Scottish Government. However, the member may be interested in some of the work that we are taking forward to support those with neurology conditions. In 2019, we published a neurological care and support national framework for action, which aims to ensure that everyone with a neurological condition can access the care and support that they need. The aims, including improving the provision of co-ordinated health and social care, developing sustainable workforce models and ensuring high standards of person-centred care. Since October 2020, we have also invested £2.1 million with NHS boards and partner organisations to fund innovative projects to achieve better outcomes for people living with neurological conditions. Paul Sweeney The minister will be aware that this week is MS Awareness week, and I commend the work of the MS Specialist Physiotherapy Service at the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, which works hard to support unrology patients across NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. However, research by the MS Society has found that there is extreme pressure on physiotherapy services in Glasgow, with patients waiting an average of 17 weeks for an appointment and 107 of 931 full-time equivalent physioposts lying vacants. Will the minister please sit out today how she plans to fill those vacancies and cut that backlog of physiotherapy appointments for unrology patients so that they can access their vital support? The Minister for Health, Sport and Sport Gwneifr is questioning and also acknowledging the importance of this week being MS Awareness week with their hashtag, MS makes me. We want everyone waiting for physiotherapy, including those with a neurological condition, to be seen as soon as possible. NHS boards are working extremely hard during challenging times to support this. The most recent statistics show that the number of patients seen in the quarter to December 2022 was at the highest level since March 2020. Last year, more than 1.2 million outpatients saw an increase of 8 per cent since 2021, so this is demonstrating progress that we are making. I recognise that it is extremely challenging and I am determined to work with health boards to ensure that we improve the current situation and also with third sector groups that are providing very worthwhile support to MS. Thank you. That concludes general questions. Before we move to First Minister's questions, I invite members to join me in welcoming to the gallery his excellency, Jose Alberto Brice Gutierrez, ambassador of Guatemala.


This is St. Tech, Hawaii. Community matters here. Welcome to Shrinkwrap, Hawaii. My name is Stephen Phillip Katz. I'm a licensed marriage and family therapist here on Oahu. And today I have a guest that flew here this morning from sunny Hilo to be with us and rainy Oahu today. But it's well worth it, I hope, because she wears so many hats. We'll get into that later, but please welcome to our show Dr. Lorraine Friedle. It's good to be here. Welcome. So, some of the folks out there may have noticed that we have this tray in front of us. What is this? Tell us about this. Well, today I'm here to talk about this is a Jungian-oriented sand plate therapy. And Sam... Jung as in Carl Jung. Carl Jung, yes, correct. Yeah, there's many ways that therapists use sand and miniatures or toys. And today I wanted to talk about sand plate, which is a depth-oriented model. So there are three routes to sand plate, a lot of people don't know that. But one of the routes is plate therapy, which is common. Another route has to do with the Jungian-depth psychology, this understanding of using symbols and myth and telling one's story to get it unconscious materials and to integrate one's personality. And then the third route is Buddhism. And it's in service to the idea of interconnectedness and stilling the mind and getting connected with what's inside, finding what's sacred inside and what we share with others. And so those are the routes of sand plate.  Why? Well, nearly 30 years ago, I was in a training actually with an art therapist who exposed us to sand plate. And I just was very, you know, she asked for a volunteer to try it in front of the group and I said, I'll try it. And I couldn't believe what happened when I put these miniatures in sand and what it revealed to me in terms of what it gave back. And so I was sold in that moment and wanted to share this with others and learn as much as I can about it, found out that it's a long road. So you say what it revealed to me. Tell me more about that. So we're innocently in sand plate. What you do is imagine that there are two trays of sand.  And one goes in following their own inter-prompting and chooses from amongst the shelves and creates an image in the sand. That sounds very highfalutin, their own inter-prompting. Right. And it turns late to, oh, I think I'll take that one. Yeah, exactly. Right. So with kids, they don't need any introduction, right? They see the toys and they make the sand. With adults, sometimes we have too many minds. We wonder, what's this about? And so sand plate can be particularly useful for people that intellectualize. So rather than talking about what's going on, they're actually making what's happening. You mean consciously making a story? They may, or they may make anything they want. So in the beginning, you're following a whole series. So sometimes you come to sand plate therapy for only one session, but often you come for a whole process. And what that means is that you're creating something every week or each time you come and it follows a sequence of development of how your psyche is changing over time. So if I come in every Wednesday at two, next Wednesday when I come at two, will I get a blank tray of sand or will the one that I did last week be there for me to fool around with? Well, actually, you get a new canvas every week and the sand is your canvas. And the way that it works, though, is that you'll sit and we'll talk about what's going on in your life, maybe go into the sand with an intention or none at all. So before we start playing with the sand, I might come and tell you that my dog is just running amok. Right. You may have something that's really affecting you in your life that you would like to talk about or maybe celebrate something. And then what happens is you go into the sand and create a scene and often we're surprised. That's what happened to me. I went thinking I was creating one thing and then suddenly I realized that maybe this person doesn't need to be in my life or, wow, maybe I have a passion about this thing that I didn't even know about that was so glaring. And so sand play can uncover passions and potentialities as well as conflicts that we may or may not be fully aware of. Do you make interpretations? Like, do you see something and you go, oh, it looks like you've got a thing about your mother over here? Well, actually, in Jungian-oriented sand play, and Dora Kahlp is the founder. She was a Swiss psychoanalyst. And we don't interpret at the time that the sand play is made. However, there's a sense that suppose you created the scene and you made it and we would sit and just fully realize what it might mean for you.  Wow, I am spending an awful lot of time and attention on this issue and having an increased appreciation about that. So let's pretend for a moment that I created this one. You actually created this one, right? Yes. I brought some of my portable sand tray. Why don't we switch it since we don't have to make believe you created this one. So you be the patient, I'll be the therapist, right? So I noticed, Lorraine, that there's a lot of time symbols here. Is that, would I say something like that? Right. You can share a reflection, you know, something that you notice, but mostly we allow the person who created it to just share as little or as much as they would like. So I would say, tell me about what you made today. And I might say, gosh, I noticed that I put this time symbol in there and another symbol of time. And I really do feel pressure about time and I might begin to talk about that. Or in sand play, which is difficult, it's different than verbal therapy in that we want the symbols to stay in the psyche until they're brought to consciousness. When you say psyche, what do you mean? So I'm a neuropsychologist and also a sand play teacher.   And so often, therapies can be very mechanistic or we're going to talk about this particular way you're thinking. And if you change that thinking, your life will change. A cognitive behavioral therapy. Right. And although there's a place for those kinds of therapies, I think as humans, we're looking for something deeper. We want to understand more about who we are in our center and how we fit into this world. What is our purpose? And so by connecting to more unconscious material, like dreams and symbols, which is what sand play helps us connect to, we can get in touch with deeper layers of our psyche and realize our full potential. So how do you know when it's working? Well, there are right now over 30 studies of sand play therapy out there. A lot of the studies are being done in Japan, Korea, China. About half of those studies are randomized controlled trials. And so we're finding that sand play is effective in treating anxiety, depression. I have a particular research interest in trauma because sand play acts at the level of the unconscious. Often trauma is stored very deep in our brains. When we try to access trauma material, which is implicit memories, we overreact, we get explicit. Right. You can re-traumatize somebody. And in sand play, we can access those things at a deep level and gradually bring them to consciousness and rework them over time. And so it's very powerful in trauma. And from a neuropsych perspective, we've been studying about four aspects of sand play that are particularly relevant in the treatment of trauma. One is the relational safety. There is no trauma treatment we know without safety. We have to... So a relationship with the therapist? Absolutely. The therapist creates what Dorakoff called the free and protected space. So you come in, there is no judgment. You can create whatever aggressions, whatever pain, whatever excitement you're feeling that day, whatever calls to you. And then you sit with that. The second piece is you're actually using your hands. And so there's a somatosensory, a connection to your body. You're actually making something which triggers activation across multiple brain systems, including deeper centers of the brain and connection to our bodies, which sometimes we can get pretty heady and disconnected and talk about things but never really live them. Experience it. So this is experiencing through effective action. And then the other piece is we get to tell the story in symbols. And telling our trauma story can be very difficult. And yet stories are important to share and to heal. And then the last piece is we get to be mindful. A mindful participation of very carefully just stealing ourselves, taking a break from everyday life and going into ourselves becomes really important. So mindfulness is the fourth component that brings about this sense of balance and neural integration. So you mentioned that a lot of your research has been with brain trauma? Yeah, different kinds of trauma. So the first research I did was with folks with traumatic brain injury. And wanted to know some of these have severe aphasia. My dad... Aphasia can't speak. Yes, cannot speak. Different kinds of difficulties with motor. Inverbal therapies, they were perseverating, which means they would get stuck on these concepts. They lacked awareness of their deficits. And by giving them the opportunity to choose and create... Choose the pieces. Mold the sand any way they wanted and construct something. They had a sense of mastery and they were able to communicate in ways that they were not able to verbally. And in doing so, they were able to get at the underlying issues, which were often grief, trauma, a sense of feeling they needed normalcy in their life after their traumatic brain injury. So really powerful stuff that... Does that include people who have suffered a stroke? Yes. Some of the research participants, in fact, one suffered a stroke as well. So we live in an island surrounded by sand beaches. Do you need a tray? Yeah, well, we all have some memory of playing in the sand. Sandboxes. Yeah. And Jung himself, Carl Jung, sat on the lakes in Switzerland creating in the sand there. And found he could do so much through play that he couldn't do with his thinking mind. And so he was a fan of sand play and told Dora Koff actually. She did her analysis with Emma Jung, his wife, the founder of sand play. And he told her to go use sand play and apply his methods to her work so that this, the Jungian world could reach children. And so that's part of our roots in sand play. I mean, kids, and not just kids, I mean, it seems like everybody loves to play in the sand, except we're told that we're not a kid anymore. It's not. Cool. But I mean, I notice I live right next to a beach and you bring some toys down to a beach and give it to people. They're never bored. Right. They can just play and play and play. In play, we're safe, we're spontaneous. Our neural pathways are open to change and possibility, novelty, creativity. There's a lot of research on how play itself stimulates creativity. That's why the corporate America is interested in play and what that does for people and making sure that employees have opportunities for play because it expands our mind and our capacities to create and get in what what's called our flow. It seems there's a big difference between this kind of play and playing a video game. Exactly. I mean, is that the tactile aspect about it that's different because in video games, you're just hitting keys and playing with a mouse. Yes. And with sand play, there's an intention of going in. It's a ritualized space. So the same thing you come in, you get centered in the sand. So there's often people will use their hands this way. There's bilateral stimulation, a calming effect when we put our hands in the sand and we just start molding and centering ourselves and then open opening ourselves to possibilities. So Carl Jung used a lot of his philosophy in psychotherapy. A lot of people ask, well, how does he do psychotherapy? I had that question when I did my research. How does Carl Jung do psychotherapy? And one of the things I learned is that he believes in this idea of generous attention that if the therapist can give the client generous attention, then their wholeness of their personality will come forward. They will be who they really can be. But trauma can disrupt that opportunity to be whole and different complexes can disrupt that. And so sometimes we need that attention from another individual, right? So play, safety, relationship, all those things come together in sand play. Speaking about general attention, I just got a little message in my ear. We have to give some generous attention to a 60-second break. We'll be right back. Don't touch that mouse. Aloha. I'm Winston Welch. And every other Monday at 3 p.m., you can join me at Out and About, a show where we explore a variety of topics, organizations, events, and the people who fuel them in our city, state, country, and world. So please join us every other Monday at 3. And we'll see you then. Aloha. Aloha, I'm Richard Concepcion, the host of Hispanic Hawaii. You can watch my show every other Tuesday at 2 p.m. We will bring you entertainment, educational, and also we'll tell you what is happening right here within our community. Think Tech Hawaii. Aloha.  She said, what are you doing? Research says reading from birth accelerates our baby's brain development. Push. Read aloud 15 minutes. Every child, every parent, every day. Welcome back to Shrink Rap Hawaii. I'm still with Lorraine Friedl, and we're talking right now about sand play. So what kind of patience, what demographic, age range are appropriate for sand play? And who do you work with? Well, often people will see the sand and the toys, and they say, oh, this is for children. Or do you have a cat? Or they'll look at all the toys. Do you collect things? But in reality, sand play is a wonderful modality with children and adults alike. And I particularly spend time doing sand play with therapists that are interested in doing their own personal work, as well as at Pacific Quest, I'm the clinical director, and we use sand play with adolescents and young adults in the context of a holistic healing environment. Tell us more, what is Pacific Quest? So Pacific Quest is an outdoor behavioral health program for adolescents and young adults. We serve kids 14 to 24 on the big island of Hawaii. And the kids come to us from all over with a lot of different issues, mostly depression, anxiety, unable to adjust maybe to high school or the transition to college, maybe spending too much time in their dorm rooms, on gaming or social media, and losing track of what's important to them in school, other forms of addiction that they might pick up along the way. And so they come to Pacific Quest. We have horticultural therapy. They eat perfectly portioned whole food, anti-inflammatory diets, so they're looking at making sure they're unplugged, eating right, sleeping with the cycles of the sun. They don't have cell phones with them. We absolutely don't allow cell phones or electronics. It's a chance for them to reset, to get connected to nature, to eat right, and then to really delve into the reasons that they're there individually and with their families. How do they get chosen to be part of Pacific Quest? Well, their circumstances in life make it where their families usually are the ones who are saying it's not working anymore. You need to get some help. And through that process, they choose us as opposed to perhaps other programs. Sometimes being in Hawaii helps. Sometimes the fact that they get to be outside in the gardens. How long is the program? About 10 weeks to 12 weeks, depending, and they live with us. And they're in camps with each other. And they go through a rites of passage experience. There's a lot of different components. And sand play is one of those things that they do. And we have an outdoor sand play holly in one of the camps, which brings sand play to them outside. And then in the young adult program, we have an indoor sand play room. What does it look like? You say camps. I went to a sleepaway camp as a kid. Yeah. And imagine all of these different gardens and vegetables and fruit trees deep in Hawaii on the mountainside in Ka'u. We have different camps for the kids. And they have a kitchen, outdoor kitchen, and little hollies, little places where they can have some quiet time alone. And... Who runs it? So Pacific West is privately run. Our owners are Suzanne and Mike McKinney. And I serve in the role of clinical director there. And we have a medical director, Dr. Brita Zimmer. And we have integrative psychiatry. It's a very comprehensive program for young people. I just got distracted. I don't know what they said in my ear. That happens. I'm hearing voice. It must be expensive. I mean, does insurance pay for this? No, but insurance pays for some of it. And so folks will come up with the funds ahead of time, and then we give them super bills for them to then bill the insurance at a different time. So kids... You mentioned kids that have various addictions, alcohol, drugs, can those be referred there? Yeah. And actually, usually the primary is depression or anxiety or some sort of trauma, adjustment issues. And then the kids pick up alcohol and drugs sometimes along the way. So it's just not unusual to have comorbid alcohol or drug issues. And in fact, a while back in 2015, out of the University of New Mexico, I did some research on sand play with young people that had opioid dependence and co-occurring trauma. And in that research, we put together based on this opioid... There's a whole epidemic going on. And the government at that time said, we want pilot projects. We want something to help reach these young people. And so we took evidence-based substance abuse, which the kids were calling workbook therapy, where they would come in a couple nights a week and do worksheets. And we added all of these experiential modalities, including sand play. And in the end, we saw tremendous results in terms of improvements in their well-being, jobs, family relationships, reduction or abstinence from drugs and alcohol. And then they found the surprise finding. And that's when these young people asked, what made the difference for them in their program? Overwhelmingly, they responded that it was sand play therapy. Oh, wow. And it surprised me, because I put it in there thinking, well, maybe this would help. But the program was based on other modalities. And so we learned a lot from them in focus groups. They talked about how they could tell their stories. Nobody was saying it for them. They could just see what was going on for themselves. They had privacy and chances for reflection. And so they were the ones who talked about sand play. And we concluded that maybe, that if we incorporate sand play in residential programs, in outpatient programs with substance abuse, treatment of trauma, that maybe we would improve treatment engagement. Because this is a huge issue with young people, especially traumatized or folks that are addicted, is engagement. Do they stay in treatment long enough for it to benefit? And this particular research showed that sand play helped with that engagement. So after they graduate, if I learned how to do sand play with you, could I, again, get my own tray, take it home, and just play on my own every night? Some of our students will say, oh, I got a little sand tray, and they'll make a meditation tray at home. But the whole process of sand play is relational. So it is involved with a therapist. If you had a sand tray and you were making some things, we would think that be a form of meditation. But the addition of the therapist as witness there to help you process, to monitor, creates the therapeutic environment. I'm glad you said that, because a lot of what I see doing talk therapy with patients, I mean it seems that every study that's done about the different modalities of therapy always comes down to, it's about the relationship. Is there a transference between the patient and the therapist? Absolutely. And so I find that, like you found it surprising that they said the sand play was the best, and I thought, well, that's not relational, it's only relational to the objects. But no, you're saying there's also a relationship to the therapist in the room. Yes, absolutely. And as a neuropsychologist, I'm particularly interested in the exchange that's happening in this intracyclic field, brain to brain, person to person. And some of the neuroimaging studies being done now are talking about how a synchrony develops between the sand player and the therapist during the sand play. And so... Even if the therapist is not saying anything. Right, I am exhausted in a sand play session. I am generously tuning into what's going on and channeling this kind of energy and being as fully present, noticing everything that's happened, the sequence. So I can share, I know exactly, for example, that once they put something difficult in, then they followed it with something, maybe a resource, and I'm watching the conflict and defense system in action. I'm being fully present. So wait, you lost me there. Wow. Which of these are difficult, and which would be a resource? Well, so if I were creating this, well, I created this tray, right? So here's this lovely little egg with gold inside. But in front of it, we have Cerberus, the three-headed dog, and we have this two-headed snake with fangs and these four little rabbits there in danger. Those are scary. There's a mask. And so it seems to get to this gold and this potential in the egg, there are some forces that need to be dealt with. And I have resources. You know, I have spiritual resources I see in the tray. We've got Yoda here. Got some flowers.  Wait. What's the place of loss? Well, there's some tombstones there. And this is a weeping Yoda. So there was an expression of loss there. There's a treasure. And so there's these different energy spots in a sand play that become really important to just take in. And if the person wants to talk about it, if they're ready, they'll talk about it and gain insight. But we're not worried about that as sand play therapists. We want the image to stay in the psyche in the unconscious until it's ready. And in that process, neurologically, we're holding images all the time. Sounds like dreams. Exactly. In fact, one of my research participants said sand play is like dreaming with toys. And there's not many places where we're able to give our unconscious attention. And so what happens in this day and age is we spend our lives distracting ourselves and repressing energies that then become destructive in the form of addiction, violence, and in sand play, we give a place for those energies to come forward and be expressed. It's particularly important for young men. We found it a research on aggression with young men, giving them a place to express it and work through it is really important. I work a lot with couples. Does anybody do sand play with couples? Yes, I do. And others in the traditional coffee and sand play, it's traditionally an individual method. However, it's been expanded for use with couples with groups. We have some rules if we use sand play with couples and that, you know, to honor what the other person made to not make fun or question. But it can be a really intimate experience to create something your partner's present and then to share and talk on the way home about what you experienced brings people closer together. Because again, these surprises come up when we allow ourselves to create. Yeah, I would think you could see a whole different side to your partner. Very vulnerable and needs to be held. Yeah. So how could somebody, how could somebody find you if they wanted to do that? They could find me at PacificQuest or at my website PacificQuest.com PacificQuest.org. As well as LorraineFriedle.com. And you recommend it for all ages? Yes, sand play is a very, as you can see, it brings up a lot of defenses in people sometimes. What is that? Is it research based? It seems really weird. However, you know, in the right hands and with the people that are, I would say, moved to do it. It's a very, very powerful modality. Well, Lorraine Friedle, thank you so much for coming on our show today. Thank you for talking about sand play. I appreciate it. It's really great. Thank you so much. All right, bye-bye. Tune in next time to shrink wrap Hawaii aloha.


Chrome 62 makes the Network Information API more useful by providing actual performance metrics instead of theoretical results. Support for open-type variable fonts has landed. You can capture media streams from HTML media elements, and I've got a special reminder about an important change that's landing in Chrome 62 at the end of this video. So be sure to stick around. I'm Pete LaPage. Let's dive in and see what's new for developers in Chrome 62. The Network Information API has been available in Chrome for a while, but it only provides theoretical network speeds given the user's connection. Imagine you're on Wi-Fi but connected to a cellular hotspot that only has 2G speeds. The API would report Wi-Fi, and Chrome 62, the API, has been expanded to provide actual network performance metrics from the client. Using these network quality signals, you can tailor content to the network. For example, on very slow connections, you could improve page load performance by serving a reduced version. To simplify your application logic, the API returns the measured network performance in terms of how it would compare to a cellular connection. For example, connected to a super fast fiber connection, the API would report 4G. These signals will also be available as HTTP request headers and enabled via client hints. Check out the sample linked below and have a look at the spec to dive deeper. Traditionally, one font contain only a single instance of a font family, for example, one way or one stretch. If you wanted regular bold and italic, you'd need to include three separate fonts, increasing the weight of your page. An open type variable font is the equivalent of multiple individual fonts that can be compactly packaged within a single font file. By adjusting certain CSS properties, stretch, style, weight and more can easily be adjusted, providing an infinite number of stylistic variations. Those three fonts can now be combined into a single compact file. Open type variable fonts gives us a powerful new tool to create responsive typography and reduce our page weight. You can now live capture content into a media stream directly from an HTML media element, like audio and video with the media capture from DOM Elements API. After invoking capture stream on an HTML media element, the streamed content can then be manipulated, processed, sent remotely or recorded. Imagine using web audio to create your own equalizer or row coder or stream the content to a remote site using WebRTC. The possibilities are almost endless. These are just a few of the changes in Chrome 62 for developers. Of course, there's plenty more. The Payment Request API is now available on Chrome for iOS. You can start building experimental rich VR experiences with the WebVR Origin Trial. Oh, and one more. As we announced previously, starting in Chrome 62, when a user enters data on an HTTP page, Chrome will mark the page as not secure with a label in the address bar. This label will also be shown in all incognito windows for all HTTP pages. Check the description for full details. All the details, including links, docs, and specs, are in the description below. And be sure to check out the latest new and Chrome DevTools video for all the new stuff in Chrome DevTools. Then click the subscribe button, and you'll get an email notification whenever we launch a new video. I'm Pete LePage, and as soon as Chrome 63 is released, I'll be right here to tell you what's new in Chrome.