Welcome to this course on computer programming. In this session, we are going to discuss some basic principles of software engineering. You will recall that we have seen different categories of software such as system software, application software, embedded software, and web applications, etcetera. We have noted that practical software is always rather large and is complex. It requires significant efforts to design, build and operate such software and to maintain such software. First, let me comment on the size of software and the corresponding efforts required to design and build such software. Software size is often expressed in one of the two forms. The first measure, lines of code, this is the number of lines of your C plus plus programs for example, or L O C is one measure of the size. Larger the number of lines, longer should it take for human beings to construct such software. Another and more popular measure of the software size is function points. These are actually points which define different functionalities and based on the complexity of these functions, you can together conclude that this software is either more complex or less complex. The size of the software obviously increases if it has a large number of function points to be implemented. Here are typical nomenclature associated with different categories based on the lines of code as the size measure. For example, 100 to 1000 lines of code would be regarded as tiny software, up to 10000 lines of code could be regarded as small software, up to 100000 lines of code could be regarded as medium software. Software which is considered large is actually more than 100000 lines of code, often extending up to 1 million. Very large software is categorized by size of the order of 10 million and of course, there are a very few rare systems which are called huge because they comprise of more than 10 million lines of code. Now, in order to build such software of different size, you would need to estimate how many people are required to build that software. People's effort are often expressed in terms of person months. A person month is usually how much one person working full time for a month can develop and deliver. Please note that it is not just the count of lines of code that one can write in a month. That way, I know many of you can write even 500 lines of code in a single day. Here for measuring the productivity, we are talking about total number of tested, documented and working lines of code. So, it involves a huge lot of effort ordinarily. While the productivity of individuals differ it is considered adequate if a person, a professional programmer can produce 15 to 25 lines of code per day. This is a useful indicator. Many of you think that this is a very small productivity. It is not if you consider that every line of code is part of a piece of software delivered which is completely tested, documented and is working perfectly. We now come to the concept of engineering this software. First of all, we remember that software is not manufactured like other artifacts. It is developed or is engineered. Hardware which is also engineered and often manufactured actually wears out, but the software does not wear out. In fact, it will continue to function till eternity if the supporting hardware is available. However, the software may become unmentainable. That means it grows to such a big size that to modify it to add functionality becomes practically impossible in terms of the time and effort required. It is at this juncture that you will replace this software by some other software that you would develop. Now, if software is to be developed or engineered, let us understand what engineering is. This is a traditional definition of engineering. It is the analysis, design, construction, verification and management of technical entities or even social entity. The well-accepted definition of engineering and it tells you exactly what are the activities involved in carrying out any engineering activity. Analysis, design, construction, verification and management. IEEE, a US body with global presence defined software engineering in 1993 as follows. Application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation and maintenance of software is called software engineering. In short, this is nothing but application of engineering to software. Let us consider the life cycle of any software. We are familiar with application systems, but this applies generally to all categories of software. First, there is a conceptualization where you say that for certain functionality you need to develop the software. You have to then carry out a feasibility study. Is it economically feasible? Is it time wise feasible to develop such a software? When you think it can be done, you then carry out a systems analysis to detail out complete functional requirements of that software. Once that is accomplished, you then proceed to do a design of the system. System design often comprises of an overall architecture because a large software will comprise hundreds of modules and you need to decide how these modules will interplay with each other. Having done a detailed design and documented it and reviewed it and confirmed that it is definitely a good design, then you proceed to do software development. This is where you start writing programs. So, all participants may kindly note that in a course, in a first course in programming, we tend to immediately start writing a program when we see a problem. But in real life, particularly for complex software, all these steps are essential before you write even one line of code. Once the software development is completed, the software has to be tested and you have to do what is known as quality assurance. The testing and quality assurance ensures that there are no mistakes or what is popularly known as bugs in your software because a buggy program or a program which has errors will behave significantly badly when deployed in actual practical environment. The testing and quality assurance is done by the team of people who develop that software. But additionally, the user on behalf of whom you are developing that software will insist on carrying out his or her own acceptance test. Once the software is accepted, it is implemented. This implementation for large and complex systems could involve months and years of effort where you have to train all users, create all master files or master data, start doing these transactions, verify that the transactions are happening correctly and so on and so forth. Once the system is implemented, there is a stage where you say we are going live with the new system or new software. From that point onward, the software become operational. Continuing operations of large software is a task in itself and this operational aspect is also part of the software life cycle. It is during such continued operations that new bugs are reported or new functional requirements arise which need to be incorporated. All of these become part of the maintenance of software which is an ongoing activity because errors can be found at any point in time during operations. New requirements can emerge at any point in time during operations and therefore, maintenance is almost a perpetual activity. This includes bug fixing as I mentioned, correcting errors which are discovered during use. This also includes functional enhancement. Equally importantly, a new application might come up in the world which is deployed for certain functionality and your application might have to be interfaced with that new application. Even this requirement which is not strictly the functional enhancement of the existing software, but an overall enhancement for the benefit of end user through interfacing to other software application is also considered part of the software maintenance. It is an interesting factor of software life that after any software system is put to use, this becomes an ongoing activity for the entire life of software usage. It is not uncommon to notice that software maintenance often constitutes 40 percent to 80 percent of the total software life cycle cost. The moral of the story is we should write high quality software in the first place and not wait for the testing that is done by developers or the errors being located during the software maintenance phase. From the point of view of our C programming course, perhaps what is most pertinent to all of us is the notion of a coding style because we should be concerned with the quality of code that we write. We must ensure that the code that we write is bug free or errorless. More importantly, it should be human readable, human understandable and human modifiable. When we write a code which has no errors, all that we have ensured is that the C plus plus compiler correctly understands our intent, translates our programs into machine language software which works in an error free fashion. But because the software that we write will be required to be maintained, will be required to be modified, will be required to be extended and all of these tasks are going to be done by human being, it is equally important to ensure that the software that we write is handleable by humans. That is the reason why there are established coding styles and coding standards. These are recommended for all programming languages and for all programming environments, often enforced by organizations which make their lifetime work as developing commercial software for clients. These coding styles and coding standards are specific to programming languages. A useful reference to coding style for C plus plus is given here. This is part of the wiki books chapter on style conventions and equally useful reference on coding conventions which also includes some basics of software engineering in a generic sense is again another wikipedia article on coding conventions. There are some additional interesting references which I have added here. The first one is a reference to a great book. It is an actually collection of essays on software engineering titled mythical man month. This was written by Frederick Brooks in 1975 and the observations made then are valid even today. Here is another reference to a timeless book called programming psychology. This was written by Dr. Gerald M. Weinberg. Curiously many of those observations are valid even today. There are several articles in wikipedia which describe different aspects of software engineering. Those of you are interested I would request you to refer to these and of course to a large number of books on different facets of software engineering which are available in the market. In summary we have learned basic principles of software engineering. As far as we are concerned as a part of the C plus plus programming course our take away is to minimally ensure that the C plus plus programs which we write should a perform the intended functions correctly. That means the programs are bug free or error free. B they should be well documented for human perusal because human beings are likely to read these programs. Documentation which is accompanying your program but is outside the program. Inline documentation of course is written using comments which are permitted in every programming language including C plus plus of course. Additionally it would be preferable if we write our C plus plus programs which are generic and extendable. Last but not the least your program should be usable in conjunction with other software as well. In conclusion I would say that software engineering is best appreciated after we have written some thousand two thousand lines of code in our lives. However just as in any good manners the best time to acquire good habits is right from the beginning. I would suggest that while you write your C programs try to incorporate the basic decency of using a good convention a good coding style and develop yourselves actually and automatically into good software professionals. Thank you so much.


What is up, Frida? My name is Zesty Mike, so today I have a little tip that might help those of you guys who are like me and have had a lot of failed projects. So today's topic is about using an old channel to redirect to your new channel. So I don't believe this feature is available to everyone, however it is available for all the different channels that I've ever owned. So I feel like it is a common feature. So chances are you have this feature if you YouTube and you decide to start up a new channel like myself. So let's say you had a channel that fell through and then you decided to make a new channel. Now what you'll do is visit Creator Studio on the channel that didn't quite go as planned and then you'll go to channel and then click advance and then scroll down to the bottom and you'll see redirect URL. Here you're gonna type the new channel that you have and then click save. So now if I go up to the top and I actually type my old YouTube channel name and click enter, you'll see it redirects to my new channel here. So anywhere that you had where you annotated to your old channel or people that had your old channel in descriptions or whether you have business cards or people that are searching it still, now when you type this in you're gonna find your new channel and you can use this to help try and bring yourself some more views and kickstart your new channel a little bit faster. This is really useful especially when it comes into annotations because like I remember I had like maybe a hundred videos that was linking to my old channel and I wanted to refresh it to my new channel and I had to go through all those videos and change all the annotations and I cried for at least seven days straight roughly. I needed like 16 back rubs and all this stuff to get over and I finally got over it and then found this feature and then I but yeah you can go up here and you can actually change the channel URL to redirect to your new channel and I found this very useful and I thought I'd share it with you guys. I think it's an old feature but I just now figured out how to do it in a face palm then decided to share it with you guys just in case you guys are in the same boat as me because it really really really sucks. So anyways guys I hope this helped you. It helped me later on in life but I can still apply it to what I'm doing now which is awesome. So anyways guys that's it as always have a daily vlog channel we've come check out our pages every single freaking day but anyways guys that's it and we will see you in the next one. See ya!


We are all, we are all building something in life, amen, and with intent or without intention, every hour goes by, every day goes by, every week, every month goes by, we're building our life. And it's important that we take care of how we build our life. It's important that we are intentional about how we build our life, so that our life, it stands the test of times. And not only we build our life in this, on this earth, but we also are building in eternity, whether you realize it or not. According to 1 Corinthians chapter 3 verses 11 to 15, Apostle Paul tells us that everything that we build there or for there will be tested by fire. Everything we build here in life was going to come through two tests. It's going to be tested by fire and it's going to be tested by water. Okay, turn to your neighbor and say fire. No, just turn to your neighbor and say fire. Turn to your other neighbor and say water. All right, so everything in life will be tested by these two elements. Let me put it this way.  What we build, what we do here for God, for His purposes, what we do for people in the name of God, that is something that is stored up eternally, something that is built eternally. And what we build and what materials we build with will determine the quality of our internal life. Now you say like, whoa, what are you saying? Aren't we all saved? Yes, we're all saved. I mean, not all saved. Okay, I mean those that have accepted Jesus as their Lord and Savior. I already see Pastor Ricker like, what do you mean by that? I mean those that have, and I hope all of you here, and if not, by the end of the service, you'll get an opportunity to be saved. And those that are watching on life, those that have accepted Jesus into their life, they have received eternal salvation. But in eternity, not all of us will be equal. Okay, it's not socialism. God doesn't believe in socialism. Bible doesn't teach socialism. There's no equality in heaven. There is going to be ranks. There is going to be different functions, different positions. There will be rewards and there will be different things that are attached to the rewards. Now just the fact that you're making it to heaven is already very, very good. Okay, you're going to live in a perfect place.  I mean, this is just better than down there. Okay, so it's great. But we're not going to be in heaven just floating around with wings and harps and sinning in hallelujah 24 seven. Okay, there's going to be eternal life. And that eternal life depends on what materials were sent up there being on this life for eternity. Listen, this life is a preparation for next.  But that world is temporary and the world outside of the womb is much bigger and greater in the same sense. This life, everything we do in this life for God gets transferred into our heavenly account. So first Corinthians chapter three verse 11 15. Let's let's read this for no one can lay foundation under the one that's already laid, which is Jesus Christ, if anyone builds on this foundation using gold, silver, costly stones, wood, hay, or straw, their work will be shown for what it is because the day will bring it to light. It will be revealed with fire and the fire will test it, the quality of each person's work. If what he has built survives, the bill, the builder will receive reward. If it's burned up, listen to this, the builder will suffer loss, but yet will be saved. So it's not talking, this is not talking about works. It's not talking about salvation by works. It's talking about the rewards that we will be receiving and the judgment of seed of Christ when we face him. He will suffer loss, but yet will be saved, even though only as the one escaping through flames, pretty much just getting to heaven with empty hands. But hey, kudos at least he got to heaven. Everything that we do here and we send in there will be tested by fire. Baba says that the eyes of the Lord Jesus Christ are like the flame in fire. When he will look at you, he will look at everything you've done, he will see through it and everything that was done without quality, it says here, will be burnt up. So there's two things that I see that determines the quality of the materials that we're building. There's probably more, but the two things that I'm going to present it to you and it's good enough for me if you ask. First thing is motives. What we do and why we do it. Would you continue to do what you do for God if you did not receive a recognition or reward? Why are you doing what you're doing? In church, why are you serving? Outside of the church, how you treat people, what you do with people, how you utilize the gifts and talents that God has given you and what motives are behind it?   The moment you tell them, hey, go ahead and do this and this. Where's my please? Please. And thank you. Okay. Servants are not asked to please and thank you. Okay. I'm not saying we shouldn't be polite. I'm not saying we shouldn't be courteous and cultivate culture of honor, but I am saying we should check out attitudes and our motives, what we do for God and why are we doing or for the lack of things doing the serving God and serving his people, serving the body of Christ. We say, oh, I just don't have a motivation to serve. Motivation comes out of right motives, motivation. If you don't have right motives, you will not have a motivation to serve God with clean and pure heart. So number one is motivation. Second one that I see here, actually write this down. Pure motives are precious materials. Pure motives are precious materials. The second one that I see is efforts. What kind of effort are you giving to God?  Are you giving God have hearted? Are you giving God leftovers? Or are you giving God anything at all? The effort, the quality of your efforts matters. Serve God with joy and gladness in our spirit. Or do we constantly murmur and complain and we're one of those people that our leaders would love to avoid if we would love to not greet if it was possible, because, you know, the moment you greet them, there's me complaining and whining and saying how things are bad and wrong. Okay, and how everybody's a hypocrite and how church is full of hypocrites. Well, welcome to the church. Join just one more. What are we? How are we serving God? Do we give God our best, or do we give Him leftovers? When we work on our business, we go above and beyond and we work hard. We make sure things are good. But when it comes to the house of God, we bring Him leftovers. When it comes to our business, we bring creativity, we bring effort, we bring quality. But when it comes to the house of God, we are lazy, we are dysfunctional, we are not on time. We just give God leftovers. We give Him no effort. The Bible says everything we do for God will be tested. In Malachi chapter 1 verse 7 and 8 says this, let's read it at sea. I'm going to read from CEV translation. It says this, you embarrass me by offering worthless food on my altar. Then you ask, how have we embarrassed you? You have done it by saying, what's so great about the Lord's altar? When we hold sacred things, when we hold the altar of God, when we hold the world of God, when we hold the ministry, when we hold the house of God in contempt, it's just a house. No, it's the house that God walls in. Oh, it's just the church. No, it's the body of Christ. It's His bride. Oh, it's just, I don't need church. No, you do need church. And when we treat it with contempt, we show carelessness. Verse 8 says this, but it's wrong to, but isn't it wrong to offer animals that are blind, lame and sick? Just try to give those animals to your governor. They certainly wouldn't be pleased. They certainly wouldn't please Him or take, or make Him want to help you. What kind of effort do we bring and give to God? What kind of quality material do we send there to eternity? David, I love David, is one of my favorite characters. And David, he understood these things. And that's why, one of the reasons why I think David was a man after God's own heart, because he said that I will not give God anything that costs me nothing. I will not give God anything that costs me nothing. We must always bring our best. You can afford to do 80% of your effort in your business, 50% of your effort in your business. I'm not saying you shouldn't put in your effort, but I'm saying you could get away with it. But when it comes to God, your effort has to be 100%. You have to go 110%. You have to go an extra mile. You have to make sure the things that you do, the things that you offer, the things that you bring to God are your best, your best attitude, your best attendance, your best offerings, your best service, your best attitude, everything about you that is presented to God must be best. Remember, this life is short, and this life is preparation for eternity. What are you building in eternity? And second question is, how are you building it there? Will it survive a test of fire? Say it with me, tested by fire. Say it again, tested by fire. That's in eternity. Let's talk about here on earth in this life. We're also building. We're building our marriages. We're building our families. We're building our careers. We're building our businesses. We're building our ministries. We're building in this life. And in this life, everything we build will be tested by water. Okay? Say it with me, tested by water. Okay. And this is where it's going to bring me to the main scripture that I want to read today and encourage us for 2023. The foundations for 2023. Let's go to Luke chapter 6 verse 46 through 49. And let's read it together. So why do you keep calling me Lord, Lord, when you don't do what I say, I will show you what it's like when someone comes to me, listens to my teachings, and then follows it. It is like a person building a house who digs deep and lays a foundation on a solid rock. When flood waters rise and break against it, the house stands firm because it is well built. But anyone who hears and does not obey, it's like a person who builds a house right on the ground without foundations. When the floods sweep down against the house, it will collapse into heaps of ruins. I was building a custom home at one time for this one customer and we had plans already. We had permits and we got the excavation going and they started digging for foundation. And then I get a call from a contractor from a guy that's doing excavation digging out the foundation. He calls me said, listen, so it looks like the back of the house does not have a virgin soil. It's been brought up and it has not settled well yet. And on the back right corner of the house, we have to go deeper to get to the virgin soil so that the foundation does not sink and house does not collapse. I said, okay, well, usually we go about two feet deep and then lay the foot in and then your stem wall comes around and then this is where you're framing and the subfloor goes in.  Okay, let's do this. So he calls and says, we've got to go deeper. And I'm like, well, first question is how much is it going to cost and how deep we're going? He's like, okay, let's let's do this. So then afternoon, I decided to stop by and see how the foundations were digged up. So we're getting ready for schedule guys to do the foundations, pouring the foundations. I come on the right side, the back right side of the house is like seven foot deep, like I'm standing in the hall and the ground is above me. I was like, I was like, bro, were you digging to go to China or what? What's going on here? And he is like, well, this was, this was as far as we had to go to get to the, to the virgin soil, so that you have a solid foundation. So keep this in mind as I'm talking to you about this. First, when I listen, when I, when, anytime I would read this scripture, and this is the way it was taught in Sunday school for me, is that these were the two men, one that has Jesus in his life and one that is non-believer does not have Jesus in his life. One, his life is, you know, successful and, and, and, and established and one is life is in ruins. And, but when I read this scripture, I actually understand that this scripture is not talking about a believer and non-believer. This scripture is actually talking about two believers. Okay. Two believers that come and listen to his words and listen to his teachings, but there is a distinct difference between the two of them. One follows it, obeys it, and one doesn't. It's two believers, two people who listen to the same podcast, read the same book, read the Bible, but the difference is one obeys it, and one doesn't. So what is the foundation then? First of all, Jesus is our rock. Jesus, the word of God is that rock, but our foundation is our application of God's word. Just because you know the word, that doesn't mean you have the foundation. We don't see here that the other guy did not have a rock to build on. Bible says he just chose not to dig deep and get to the rock and lay the foundation, meaning begin to apply the word of God into their life. Not everybody who comes to church, not everybody who reads the Bible, listens to podcasts, reads the books has a well-built life, but those that obey and apply the word of God has a well-built marriage family, finances, and a life ministry as all together. Everybody has soap or shampoo or body wash in their house, but not everybody takes a shower and washes their hands often enough. Okay, and the soap is as good and as effective as you apply it, not as you have it in your household. Some people come around and you're like, bro, come on, man. You got water, you got soap, just use it. Okay, I wonder how much sometimes that's what Jesus, when we come around him and our life is in hips and ruins and our life stinks and God says, look, I give you everything you need for life and righteousness, everything to build a good life. Just use it, apply it. So if the quality of our eternal life depends on the quality of the material that we send into eternity, the quality of our life here on earth depends whether you have a foundation or you don't.    Listen, this in this life, your foundations, your house, everything you built will be tested by water, take my word for it. 2023 that we're going into is going to be a difficult year, so difficult year all around financially, politically, food shortages and so forth, so on all around the world. We will even feel it in the United States, but those that have solid foundations, those that not only know the word of God by apply it, they will live in the land of Goshem, where Egypt will suffer darkness all around, there's going to be light in Goshem, where there's going to be shortage all around, those that have the Lord as their foundation, I mean they apply the word, they will be prosperous. Another thing that I observe from this scripture is that the building of the house is happening in the good times and good weather. Now it's like, yeah, you don't build in a storm, I know it's common sense, isn't it? But for some reason that common sense from construction does not translate into a practical day, into a practice in our everyday life. What I mean, we don't take care of our marriage until we started having some issues in our marriage, then we run for counseling, it's all good, I'm all for it. But when times are good, we're vacationing everywhere, having good times, but you won't see them in a marriage seminar or listening to marriage podcasts and books, reading books and actually taking and applying it because you build your marriage not when things are bad, but when things are good. When things are bad, you are in surviving mode, you use different tactics, you do different things, you go to marriage counseling, you go to deliverance, you go to inner healing, you use other various tools, but that's a moment of survival, not a moment of building, you're actually not building during that time, you're just surviving. Two businesses look the same during the good times, every company is making money when economy is good, but not every company is taking care of their financial fundamentals, having proper ratio of savings and investments and using their money to invest and diversify there and minimize risk. So when the bad times and the downturn economy happens, they have a cushion, they can survive while the other company was enjoying good cash flow and enjoying good profits, but they did not take care of their foundations, they did not take care, they were not disciplined in their investment and keeping up their books. And then when economy goes down, when things start suffering, the difference comes, but during the good times, there's no difference. All of us have children growing up and when they're little, they're sweet and they're awesome, and many of our parents, when things are good, when they're little and young, they're sweet, they don't take time to build foundations. And then when they grow up to be teenagers and there's problems, then we're trying to build them, we're trying to encourage them, we're trying to come on, I taught you better, but did you? And we're trying to, now it's a survival mode, it's not a building moment, now you're not a parent anymore, you're more of like a coach, seasons shifted. And so what I want to encourage you is that take your time to build in good times, not in when it's stormy. When children are little, this is your number one disciple, somebody is teaching your kids, but is it you? School has them for 68 hours, friends are around them, they're all learning, are they learning the right things? And so there's two entities, there's two people that can really teach them the right ways, is the church and you, and you're the primary one because the church only has them for an hour a week. The rest of the time you have to teach them integrity, you have to teach them hard work, you have to teach them life essential skills, how many children grow up and they don't know even basic things, girls don't know how to cook, guys don't know how to change tire in the car.  It's your and my job to teach them when they're little, when times are good, not when you start having problems with them, you're trying to teach them about purity and sex and they're already having sex and they're already sleeping around, it's too late, you should have started when there was appropriate age in early life, which is probably at this point now in our society around eight, nine, ten, sadly as it is, but it is and you are a parent, you should be the first teacher that they hear about from you as uncomfortable as it might be, you should be the one laying foundation for them in that area. So when storm comes, when there are teenagers, they can withstand peer pressure, they can withstand these flood waters in their life, amen, say test it by water, you know, test building in a in a bad weather is not impossible, but it's hard and costly. I remember when I was getting into construction, I was helping my uncle, not helping working, no more like my uncle was helping me to get some cash, I was working with Leo on one, I think, I think actually Paul, you were there too, I don't know, but we were working out somewhere a little further away from the city and so we were sheeting the roof, it was a two story house with a fairly steep roof, that's probably about, we were about 30 feet up and it was pretty, it was gusty and was windy and so I'm carrying this four by eight plywood and Paul knows what happened next and then wind swoops me up, I'm like 145, 150 and I'm like holding onto this plywood for my dear life and it just like drifts me off the roof, I felt like I warned brothers when they were trying to build a plane to fly, thank God I you know landed semi-safe you know with the plywood on top of my head, but I was okay, my point is that during a storm it's harder to build, build in good times, build in good times, when things are good and have savings, have investments, have various streams of income that which the word of God talks about, work on your marriage, even when things are good, apply it, don't just read the book and like oh yeah that's awesome, that's good, you know hashtag happy marriage on Instagram and then at home is terrible and headbiting marriage, but like actually apply it, soap is as useful as you apply it, I'm gonna finish up with this is that change the way you read God's word starting today, read to find instruction for life, how to build your life, every area your marriage, finances, your relationship, your attitude, your character, how you serve God, I mean every single area there, this is a manual for life, this is not for you to read and to get a checkmark oh I read the word of God today so I'm a good Christian and I go to heaven, you go into heaven regardless whether you read one verse in this Bible, the only thing that qualifies you for heaven is grace, but how this life will look like for you will depend is whether you use this word to build your life here, don't read the word of God so that you get cool new revelation, does that revelation apply to your life, you know a pastor, one of the things about about a pastor is that anytime we preach a message sometime it'll be a cool new revelation, he'd come and he'd say how does that apply to your everyday life, that's a good question, how does it, you know and that's how sometimes we read the Bible, oh that's such a cool revelation, how does that apply to me what can I do in my marriage from this scripture that it's gonna take, it's become half a percent better today, what can I do in my business with my finances, what can I do in my relationship, what can I do in my ministry, what can I do in my career that I lay a solid foundation from the scripture, make a goal for 2023 to be obedient to God's word, it's simple, you're reading the gospels, Jesus prayed so therefore I'm praying, that's it, Jesus worshipped so I worship but you know it's not just, it's not my thing, it doesn't matter whether it's your thing or not, you worship, Jesus helped the poor, well I give to church, let's church take care of it, no Jesus helped the poor, I do it because I'm laying a foundation in my life, Bible says whoever gives to the poor lands unto God, it's the principle of God, Jesus loved people, are you loving and kind and compassionate, I'm talking about guys I'm talking about very basic things Jesus on the Sabbath went to temple and some of us make excuses why we don't go to church on Sabbath we see throughout the scripture, on Sabbath he was in temple, on Sabbath he was in temple and some of us we outgrew Jesus, we're more spiritual than Jesus, I don't need church, I'm spiritual, I got hard, I believe God in my heart, or really so you're better than Jesus and if Jesus went to temple every Saturday you don't have to go to church every single week now is that what you're saying, guys let's not over spiritualize things, the word of God is a manual is an instruction for our life, Jesus preached the gospel are you sharing your faith, Jesus made disciples are you in a home group, are you being discipled so that you can make disciples, it's a simple things guys, how are we dealing with our finances, how are our approaches in finances, take your proverbs and read one book of proverbs a day that will give you practical instruction how to deal in the area of your finances and other areas but especially in that area it's simple things like Bible says wife honor your husband that's it, no need to spiritualize it, no need to to dig for deeper revelation just honor your husband, husband love your wife, Bible says that he loved his wife, that husband should love their wives like Jesus loved his bride, like his love the church unconditionally despite of their shortcomings and mood swings i'll just leave it there okay parents raise your children in the way of the Lord are we are we actually raising our children or we're letting a life raise them it's being built by without the foundation we gotta be intentional about our build if we want our life to stand if we want our life to stand and i'm finishing with this Philippians chapter 2 verse 8 to 11 and being found in appearance as men he humbled himself and became obedient to death and even death on the cross therefore God exalted him to the highest place you want your life to be exalted be obedient to God's word apply God's word foundation in your life is not the knowledge of the word of God it's the application of his word amen ask God for grace to be a doer of the word Bible says that our faith without works is dead be a doer of his word that's my challenge to myself that's my challenge to you be a doer of God's word amen hey thanks for watching this video if you enjoyed this content and this was a blessing to you would you help us and hit thumbs up so that it could help more people to discover this video it cost you nothing but it can go a long way to help with the algorithm as well as if you're not subscribed to our channel hit subscribe click on the bell so that you can do to remind it each time that we upload videos thank you so much for being a part of this community if you're interested in learning more about Hungry Gen our internship our conferences deliverance and so many other things go to HungryGen.com for more information and as always remember better is not good enough the best is yet to come


Welcome back to another vlog. If you're new here, my name is Kyra. Do not forget to like, comment, and subscribe. So it's so gloomy out today in Atlanta, y'all.  So y'all have seen in the beginning of the vlog. I am back in the gym. I'm on my healthy grind, you know, girl on a grind because sometimes it's coming girl. And I can't be playing around. Like, when I first moved to Atlanta, I was going nuts. Like, I was trying to, you know, get to know all the restaurants. Trying to see which one was my favorite. I'm like, hola, wait. Like, bro, what are you doing? What are you doing? You just had surgery. You can't be eating like you used to because that's why you have surgery. So what are you doing? I'm so happy that I now have my 10 week detox here with me. It's a 30 day detox. I do this so much. It does come in like this little calendar thing you can follow, but I don't even follow that anymore because I've been doing this for so long. I just made my skinny Timmy. This is what I drink in the morning time. It does boost my metabolism. I drink it right in the morning before I eat any meals. And then it also suppresses my appetite so I don't get those cravings because I am a snacker. But every time I do this, I literally don't crave anything. And I've been trying to watch what I eat anyway. And I take the colon one. So that one just, I just take before I go to sleep. Y'all see later on in the vlog. I'm going to drink it tonight. It just cleansed me out and I just, you know, wake up in the morning and just do what I do. So they are offering 20% off so you'll be able to try the 10 week detox as well. All you need to do is click the link down below and use code Kyra20 for 20% off. And like I said, y'all, summertime is coming so there is no lacking around here. Okay, period. So, girl, I'm trying to look out for you so you better listen. Okay, period. I'm telling you. But anyways, I'm about to get my day started because I have a long day today. And I cannot wait till tomorrow, y'all. I get a break in. I'm so excited. I just have to get something done to my hair like ASAP. But the body's looking good. A lot of y'all are DMing me, asking me, am I still wearing my fa-ha? I am still wearing it but I'm like having little breaks because I don't want my body to keep depending on me staying compressed. So I did buy like waist trainers to wear while I'm working out but I don't wear them throughout the day. But yeah, so anyway, I'm about to take this with me. This Togo cup is so convenient, y'all, because I'm always running around. And also with this Togo cup, when you run out of water or whatever, you can just leave the leaves in there and you can keep refilling it throughout the day. So it's very convenient. So anyway, I'm about to go. So I'll check back in with y'all once I get in the car. Karen's dying. But y'all, I did like a cash down bun today. It's kind of cute. I kind of wanted to show y'all. But I also wanted to show y'all before I head out that these face masks from Amazon, girl, they literally, well they don't look the same and aren't the same quality but they still serve the same purpose. So these are my slip masks. I wear these like all the time. This is my face mask that I use.   So I got these ones by Nikita, Kermisa, London or something like that. I'm going to link them down below. Y'all, these masks, I mean the quality isn't the same but listen, it looks the same. So this is the one from Amazon. It isn't as thick and that one kind of stank. But this one, so, yeah. Anyway, but I just wanted to show y'all that because I really like silk ones just because I like these ones better on my skin rather than the regular fabric or like those medical looking ones. But yeah, so let me know how y'all like my bun. It's kind of cute.  Goddamn Starbucks. She's like, no, I didn't like her. She likes us. So I don't want to be later. I didn't want her to squeeze her in. I didn't want to be later than what I was. She was like, yeah, I don't have an Instagram.   She was like, no, I seen you on somebody YouTube. I'm like, oh. Probably. Make sense. This girl. Everybody already knows Sierra that was just talking. But today we doing late by live.  I'm at the pretty girl's shop. It's the Capri sign for me. Bitch, I want to go with you. I want to be drinking on Capri sign. She ain't bringing my coffee. She lied to us. Sierra, what did she say?  You look like that.  She says she's going to get us Starbucks. So we could do her hair. We're thirsty. I'm paying the charges, ladies.   Anyways, what did they do? Yeah, get back to us. My damn. It's up to go through my P.O. Box thing. Because my mom is putting up an extra shelf for me. Because there was only one shelf there. So she's like putting more to like add a store space. But because it was just looking too cluttered, just that one shelf with the detergent and my towels on there.  But anyways, so I'm about to go ahead and go through my P.O. Box stuff. Because today I get a delivery from my big mirror out here. And I just want this to be cleared out. And I want to go through it because obviously it gives exposure to people who have sent it to me, small businesses, black-owned businesses at that. And y'all take the time out to send me this stuff. And I appreciate it. I love it. I love supporting y'all. Y'all support me. So this is the least I can do. You know what I'm saying? So I'm about to set y'all down real quick. I don't think that lighting is very cute. So I'm going to turn it off. Oh my God. Wait y'all. My beauty room is coming together. So basically the table top is going to go across there. And this is going to be like my desk area. Oh my God. I cannot wait. Oh my God.  Well, I kind of want to take a picture. Hold on. I'm going to take a picture for my Instagram story. And then I'm going to go through this. So, yeah. Okay y'all. So this is by Luxe Basics Luxury for Affordable Prices, period. So this is the business card. Make sure y'all go follow them on Instagram. Go follow my grubs. I hope you like the lounge set and tea I sent to Luxe Basics at the Luxury Basics in loungewear brand. Empowering women to look and feel beautiful on our budget. Christy CEO. Period. Make sure you let me know. You the CEO, baby. Thank you Christy. So it's just a gray little set and then it ties at the waist. That's cubes. And then squared out pants. I love. I know it's probably been a minute since you probably sent this, but thank you so much. I think I want to open everything first. I'm going to be right. Did the European Wax Center give my VL box? But let me show y'all what they gave me.   I've never heard of that. But this is from Bandity Basics. This is their Instagram. Y'all, I don't wear bras most of the time. So I've seen this, but I'm going to open up our first. You should channel in all the content you create and your new body looks amazing. I have an online boutique that sells blue tape, nipple covers, and strapless thongs. I sent you some of my products to try. I hope you enjoy them, Bandity Basics. I've been the underscore basics. So I'm going to open this to see because y'all, I really, really love nipple covers. I'm always going to the store to rack up. So I love this. But I've never heard of a strapless thong. So it just, wow. I've never seen this before. So basically just put it on and I love this. Like, because you know the little outfits that become the cutouts on the side where you don't want to show your undergarments. And this is cool. She gave me some new ones. Oh my God! And then she gave me some blue tape to lift the boobies up. Thank you so much. I'm definitely going to be placing another order. Especially because like I said, I love nipple covers.  Wine Fine 1929. This is her business card. And then she just says, love you Kyra. Thank you from the bottom of the glass. I'm kind of curious on what this is. So I'm going to open it. Oh, I think she wrote me saying it. Girl, she has actually, I remember, writing her suggestion. Oh, I don't want to get this everywhere. How it looks super cute. Our glass. And she even put the titties on there. The titties! And then this is from Misha Swim. Well, hi Kyra. We hope you're well. We sent you a size small. Hopefully this fits you. She already sent me her swimsuit. I left her swimsuit. But it was just too big on me. I think it was a medium. So she sent me a small. So I'm pretty excited to wear this one because the other one was kind of big. But yeah, I just love the brown. The two browns are on the underwear and then just the brown top. Next item, I think it's from boutique. She wrote me a card. Wow. This person has the same card as me. But anyway. Hey, Kyra. I love that you support small businesses. Love your energy. And so Kyra can't wait to see you with new big things. And hopefully we can work together in the future.  So I hope you will love this one. So I know I'm interested in a paid promotion. Please let me know you're ready to be loved. And I think she sent me like an outfit and then some sunglasses. These are fire. Peri. Yes. This is giving me very much of my amy. And then. So it just had, it's a two-piece set and it has shoulder presents in it. So thank you girl. Let me put her Instagram. This is her Instagram. I love those glasses. But let me put it in here more time. Fire. She sent me 120 inch baddest curls. 220 inch baddest curls bundles. Adam Apple Meats. And baddest one-meat glasses. Make sure you go check out the baddest. Her extensions. She sent me a wig hat. With water. And then these glasses. Fire. Oh, and then there's a discount code Kyra Bad. To receive $20 off on your hair order. So make sure you go mess with her. Her. Her Instagram. Like a spring shot. Here. So thank you. I might do a curly hair pony. She sent me some brothers. Broody. And I like the amber or black packaging on this. It will go cute in my bathroom. It smells like time for the bitter peach. So if you smelt that perfume before this candle smells just like it. I'm going to put her Instagram on the screen. The candles are so good. Her IG is lifeofkw underscore. But this is her business card. Okay, so then the next item that I have are these cute little airpods cases.  So, and I'm always losing my airpods. So, and this one has a chain thing on it. So, and this one. I like the pattern of it and it's gold. They're super cute. She may need some custom earrings, y'all. What? They say Chyra. Aw. This is cute. This is so cute. Put her Instagram on the screen. These are fragile. Hey, beautiful. My name is Lynette. I'm a small black-owned business called Star Status Bundles that has been following your channel at IG for a while. I mean, I am inspired by your beauty fashion in day-to-day slay. I wanted to send out my product with hopes of getting a review to posting a page with a tag. I took the time to test some of these earrings to your liking and I put a lot of thought into it. I hope you like them. Thanks for reading this. Thanks for accepting this gift. Get from us, love. Make sure y'all go check her out. These are some nails. I hope this finds you in good shape. I hope this finds you in good shape. Just a little gift of love. Whipping it will help. It will help me make beauty roots in a bit faster and easier. Nails. Oh my God.  Thank you. Let me put her Instagram on the screen. She's supposed to make nails. So this is really nice. Oh, that's where her... I done this from Coyol's. I'm all that natural hair for me y'all. So I'm starting it. I'm going to get the products probably today because I found a girl that does like treatments and stuff on natural hair and she is going on leave for a while. But ooh, that's a whole different story. But I opened this and I was like, wow, that's crazy. Because I need a good moisturizer because y'all are telling me hair oil isn't a moisturizer. So Coyol sent me their hair moisturizer and then their hair oil which I will give y'all a close up of very clean and neat packaging straight to the point. This next company is a basic set company and she used the secable cardboard because it says I saved a tree on here. So, but it says, Cara, thank you for being who you are and also supporting small businesses. I wanted to send you a few pieces from my past collection. I'm a suitable woman's ready to wear a label. All products are in your sizes. Again, you are amazing. Keep inspiring. So, sustainable, creative, innovative. This is her card. So, she sent me some basics. This is our functional sleepwear set. It's a Sophia set and a bleach. And I like how it comes. I like the little label on here. Socia Bianca Studios. So this is... Is this pajamas? Wow, the quality. God, is this a sleep shirt? You don't have to go with it. Is this like a set or like sleepwear? Sleepwear? Wow, this is cute. God, y'all, the quality of this. Y'all need to go check her out. I gotta go check her out myself. But I'm gonna see what she made. Like I said, y'all, this has been a while since I opened it. I'm pretty sure she came out with something. Socia Bianca Studios. Bianca Studios. As long as your love won't change. So this is from Shaq. Thank you for allowing the small businesses to promote to your audience. I thought this was all in one planner. It would be perfect for a boss like you. I love your videos. And I'm so excited to see you. You discount code thank you for your next 20% off purchase. The ultimate planner. Thank you. Oh, this is so cute. To you. Planner, budget book, gold tracker, grocery list, and more. Y'all, I can need this stuff to write down because I'm always needed to write it down. And this planner has a weekly planner, budgets, like big planners. I don't like those little compact planners. I like big. I like a lot of space. You're in here. This is cute. And I like how it says the ultimate planner. It says you are inspiration. So humble and beautiful. I've been supporting you since forever. These are my lashes for my lash line. Hope you enjoy. IG unique lux underscore lashes. So this is her Instagram. So this is what they look like. And the name of her last brand is right on there. So make sure y'all go check her out. Thank you, babe. So then this next one is Queens of Pussell. I opened this on my Nisa plan. She won me a notebook. She said hi. My name is Menchina. And I hope you are, and I am a registered nurse. I wanted to first thank you and thanks for taking the time out to read this. I really love your channel and your platform. You really inspire me and a lot of other people. I recently just started this little business selling a journal planner. I would really appreciate it if you can give a shout out. If you do like it. Thank you so much again. I pray for more blessings to you. Sorry for the messy handwriting. LOL. This kind of code for your five words. Kyra 15 for 15. First things first. So thank you so much. And I'm going to put her Instagram handle on the screen. Card on the screen. Then I love the box. Cute. It says Queens of Pussell. My camera is overheating. A cute black pen. Okay. So somebody sent me some crystals. So this is from MimeMinded. MimeMinded. So this is her Instagram. So let me see what crystal she got. Oh, she sent me some save. Yeah, I need to save. The bad energy. These are yours. No. And she gave me some crystal rocks. These are cute. Where do you put crystals? Where do you put those? Oh, these beads are cute. Oh, this is a bracelet. She gave me a bunch. Oh my God. I love this. Look at these. This is cute. I made both cute with my bracelet already. I love this. What do these do? This white one looks like plus on it. And she gave me some that said what is that stuff you like? The sticks. The little whisk. Miss High Minded. Instagram. M-I-S-HideMinded. M-I-S-S. This is cute. I love my little bracelet. Brown sugar Sephora set. This is different. So cute. It's like a colorful corset type of thing this year. Brown sugar to brown sugar. Here we go. Let me put her Instagram on the screen.   Y'all can use code THANKYOU15 THANKYOU THANKYOU THANKYOU THANKYOU THANKYOU And my mom was like what are some flowers for? Are you supposed to put them in your hair? I think she just wanted it to be cute. But thanks baby. So cute. I'm gonna put her Instagram on the screen. There's no note to you.  I hope you enjoy your video. Look at me. Look at me. So she sent me some Gucci inspired sheer This is cute. So make sure y'all go check out our Marley collection. Thank you. Hey Gora. Sending you some new lashes for your new body. You look good with this. Periol Periol Periol Lashes, Saditi and that bleep. The next thing I think this is hair stuff. Yeah. I'm gonna start using this hair stuff. Hey Kyra. My name is Dury and I am the CEO of Tree of Life Hair Care. We are a black Christian natural hair care brand that uses organic high quality ingredients to bring dry, lifeless and damaged hair and scalp back to life. We use ingredients that relieve, restore and revitalize dry and itchy scouts. All of the products are homemade by myself. I have sent you two of my products that I would love for you to try. There is an oil which is called my Hygienum Hair Growth Oil. It's made from a la oil, Sweet Almond Oil, JBCO and hemp oil. This oil will relieve itch, grow your hair and help restore your scalp. The second product is my Twisting Watch Soul Flake which is a shea butter, a mix of oils and a little peppermint oil. This Soul Flake is going to moisturize dry and thirsty here. It's also beneficial for your hair and your breakdown under your wigs. So friends, thank you for your time. If you love the product, don't hesitate to check out my website, Shea by Perica and follow us, God bless. But I'm going to show you all her handwriting because I appreciate the handwriting I can read. Like this is like that girl in high school that knew how to write. Like knows how to write cute. Anyway, so I'm actually in the Koi. Because like I said, I am on a natural hair journey and she said that this Soul Flake has peppermint oil in it and peppermint oil and then black so we're going to try. I'm going to try this out. And then she said Sweet Almond Oil Okay, I'm going to try these out.


All right. Good morning. We're out to our second talk and uh next speaker is uh you've been a few times at the packet hacking village talks. Gita Diabari. Hi everyone. Thanks for coming to my presentation. My name is Gita Diabari. Uh I'm coming from Verizon working as a senior consultant engineer software developer and uh I'm going to talk about how to tune automation to avoid false positive. So I'm going to talk about techniques to design a reliable automated tool, introducing threat intelligence feeds and to ha ha to avoid false positive when we generate automated tools and feeds. Techniques to design a reliable automated tool. So there are many different reasons that automation is needed in cyber security. There are massive amount of data that needs to be analyzed on an early basis and action is needed. So uh accelerated response time, consistency, scalability, efficiency, risk reduction, simplified IR process, empowering users. They are all good reasons that we do need to have automation in cyber security. However um since we have large amount of data and all of us are very much busy um bad ideas could lead to false positive and false positive is always bad especially in cyber security. So automation needs to be done with intelligence. By intelligence I mean let's just consider creating an automated tool that is pretty much simple to use. Because uh no one is going to be interested to learn a new tool that is very much complicated and it is uh it's designed to have a lot of let's say GUI pages with lots of uh maintenance and everything that it's just like takes a long time. And think about five years you are creating an automated tool and you move on. If you want to maintain it all the time and something breaks all the time then it's not going to be usable. Make it user friendly so that uh the threat researchers who are basically the target to use the automated tool they buy it and they start using it right away. Um make it like have some documented uh does uh design framework and think about whoever is going to inherit it the framework. It might be an open source you may decide to publish it. So uh think about those that are going to use and inherit the code. Uh most of researchers in cyber security and analysts they already have a framework that they are based on it and they are actually using it. So if you want to say that yeah I have this created just like this automated tool it's pretty cool and it's just like adding these many features to uh your analyzes and it's so fast and everything. Uh they are going to hesitate using it because they already have something that they are using and switching from one um source that is actually working to a new one is going to be a bit hard. So uh make it. We have to put this on you sorry. Okay. That's okay. So uh make it somehow that you guys can hear me? That's good. That's because I can. That's much better. So uh make it somehow uh between more dependencies. First of all to other servers. Again if you want to publish it in GitHub uh people who are going to download your tool they are not going to have the same servers that you have. So um make it easily integrated to any platform that uh is being used by different analysts, by different group, by different companies. It just doesn't matter. Just make it as much as possible independent with possibility of integration. Uh when it comes to planning the automation again simplicity is the most important thing because uh imagine that you could create an automated tool, a script that could be run through cron job in background through command line or you have a pretty nice UI. Um the UI believe me it just like requires a lot of maintenance and uh there are so many patches that you have to just like upgrade. There are so many dependencies and uh analysts they are not going to like it like threat researchers.  They have to access it and then they have to uh log into it. There are so many layers involved. So just try to make it simple cron job. If you can do it through cron job then do it through cron job. Um some of us like Python, some of us like pair, some of us like PHP. If you have a framework that is already designed let's say doing Python then stick to Python and do not just switch because you just get bored from one language and you feel that the other language actually has more um functionality for doing this tool that you're for making this tool that you're making. Make it simple avoid dependent processes because uh we all know that when we have dependent processes if just one of them breaks then everything is going to be broken. If you're busy working on other stuff they are going to ask you to fix it and you don't know where to start. What is actually broken to fix it? And if you have to really have um chain of processes then use some monitoring systems like Nagios so that it just like a start reporting you if something goes down. And if it goes down make some uh really really like easy uh script like a line of uh command. Uh if it goes down like if your MongoDB is down send me the logs restart it so that your automated tool is not going to be broken forever till you or someone actually finds out what's going on. Uh in cyber security we are actually lucky developers because we do not have QA in most of cases to QAR code so that's a good part and a bad part but we have to be our own QA especially because we are actually um having a massive amount of data that needs to be analyzed and performance testing is very important. So make sure to have the platform for yourself for uh being able to test framework actually to be able to test your own code that is very very important. I know that we all do unit testing and feature testing performance testing is needed and we do need to consider it. I just uh quickly jump to threat intelligence feeds uh that's the area that I was working in the past few years and uh by cyber uh by uh threat intelligence I mean indicator based threat intelligence feeds such as domains URLs IP addresses hashes email addresses and whatever you want to consider as an indicator. So uh threat intelligence feeds you can get it from third party feeds like there are some open sources there are some community based based on the circle of trust uh commercial ones you have to pay good money and the government based the internal feeds on also value then you get feedbacks from analysts that these are basically the uh feeds that I could pass you and indicators that I could pass you uh or you create some automated data mining tools or you use the ones that uh are available and start mining data from the data um and from the likes that you have.  How many of you are happy with the result? None. I was expecting it actually so the reason is that it's just like poor quality control, overlapping indicators, false positives, noise it's just like massively creating noise and uh most of the companies they would rather not to use it rather than using it because it's just like generating noise and you don't know where is the source coming or if you can't trust it or not. Now um generating high quality feeds is possible believe me um the first first step that you need to take action is actually having a database don't take everything from fly from different sources make it to like a JSON or CSV format and then export it to whoever you want to have everything in your database in that case you would be able to apply quality and you have control on the indicators that you're ingesting in the database what needs to be done is do duplicating, whitelisting, filtering, scoring and aging. If you are inserting an indicator check your database and see if it exists in the database if it does then update it based on the source based like aging, scoring just like um make some changes but do not reinsert it when you want to export the feed it's very important to also do a deduplicating so that you do not have to duplicate indicators whitelisting it could be done through third party sources it could be done via through internally third party sources there are some sources that are available like external sources some of them are free some of them you have to pay some money most of them are based on the popularity of the indicators for example the websites that are being most visited by different countries they are being introduced as whitelist try to scoop up just like the top one thousand and even if you are considering the top one thousand um let's say domains still um apply some filters filtering is very important actually in feeds because imagine that the uh adult content based domains are also pretty much popular and some of them are even in the top 50 um like indicators and they are not necessarily good or like trustable they're just popular so as quantity increases consider that the possibility of having false positive also increases um you get feedback from your peers your analysts your customers uh about white uh indicators that actually are false positive immediately quarantine them have another media tool to check the results through different sources and then whitelist then immediately everything has to be done in automatic way because you cannot just like go through every single indicator uh one by one and believe me one bad indicator puts results in many hits like 100 k plus so when I said that we don't have qa and we have to be our own qa um have your framework the test framework and start testing your feeds that you're generating write a script see the number of matchless and have a statistic about the indicators that you're that that are matching a lot of hits and then quarantine them analyze them through another source and see if they are actually a false positive or they are true positive immediately watch list them so you get a data a big amount of data in indicators you apply white listing from any source internal external you have a better data it's not enough though you do need to do some scoring so imagine that you're getting um you're using this many sources like open sources different sources sources coming from your internal or external and the indicators that are being reported repeatedly through different the different sources it means that they are actually happening and they have a better chance to be malicious so their score is actually higher than the bonds that are coming from a single source so they should have a higher score a score of sources is also important um check out the results that you're getting the alerts that is being generated and check out the number of false positive that you're getting from different sources have a statistic again here a test framework is needed if you want to analyze the sources and the score of the sources that are coming the ones that are noisier and they are generating more false positive they need to be um less scored and the ones that are more reliable they need to be higher scores now the result that you're getting today may be different one week from now so again you need to have an automated way for getting these scores of especially the sources and also the common number of sources that are reporting an indicator and tune the algorithm somehow that gives you the right results this is just like an algorithm you get the indicators see if it exists in database if it doesn't exist it then a score is based on the source that you have obtained if it does exist then check the common sources the quality the quantity of the common sources and also the quality of the sources in this phase right here you can apply many different scoring methods let's say if you have access to the malware type then you can start scoring the malware type as well so you can just apply intelligence based on your needs if you have the malware type malware type could be added here so filtering um we just talked about like white listing scoring there are so many different methods that you could apply in this phase for applying more filtering to have a better filtered data um there are some tools available that you could just like check the indicator through trusted parties that they have access to many abn genes and you can get a report from them and see what is the number of positives for this particular indicator uh then you want to build up the queries be as specific as possible more attributes it means that you can have a better database of indicators and you can easily search on whatever you are interested so make sure that the critical attributes that you're having are uh indicators the indicator itself the type of it if it is a hash URL domain IP address email any anything uh unique index based on the sources so that if an alert get generated you would know that okay this is coming from this source or these sources so you have a control for the nubbing thing for the algorithm that i just mentioned you to avoid false positive um a list of sources the score that is given currently um data insertion malware type and age so when it comes to feeds you cannot say that okay i have my feed that i built like a week ago and now it's just like this is what i have and i'm going to submit it it needs to be updated ingestion should happen in real time and you need to apply the intelligence the algorithms that we just covered and export the data at least on an early basis to have a real time and almost real time i would say feeds you could be selective now you have the pool of indicators based on different criterias that you defined and attributes now you can select what you are interested and actually interest you like if you want to select the in the type of indicator to be only hash you can apply it if you want based on the malware type then you can just like extract it if you want combination of the stuff that is happening let's say the most recent indicators that have been seen through different networks you can just like extract the information in the database aging is also another thing that is very much important and needs to be considered uh you don't want to save lots of indicator in your database and then um gets indicator that is not happening in any database anymore so as you see the uh indicators and as you're ingesting the indicators in your database you need to age them properly and set it based on the malware type based on the scoring set it somehow from like 60 days or like a little bit more and then age them out if they are not being seen so you don't have like something that is not happening in the network anymore in your feeds so as i mentioned like you get your feeds and indicators from different sources from third party sources from internal sources you do apply some intelligence white listing a scoring filtering aging and then you can select your feeds based on the criteria that you're interested now imagine that you want to have high priority feeds that are actually very critical and needs to be taken care of immediately you can just like have your alerts based on these feeds like very high you can define medium priority feeds or like low confidence and with all these criteria that i just told you you are going to have a better result less false positive selecting true positive and you do need to have aging for having a current indicators and the sort of like a real-time results do you have any questions


Hi and welcome to the session. I am Priyanka and let us discuss the following question. It says solve the inequality and show the graph of the solution on number line. Now this is the inequality which is given to us that is 5x minus 3 is greater than equal to 3x minus 5. Let us proceed. Now on adding and subtracting the same number we can solve this inequality or we can also solve this inequality by multiplying or dividing this inequality by a positive number. Here let us add 3 to both sides. On simplification we have 5x is greater than equal to 3x minus 2. On subtracting 3x from both the sides we have 5x minus 3x is greater than equal to 3x minus 2 minus 3x. On solving further we have 2x is greater than equal to minus 2. Dividing both the sides by a positive number that is 2 we have 2x divided by 2 is greater than equal to minus 2 by 2 which on simplification gives us x is greater than equal to minus 1. Hence for real x the solution set consists of all real numbers greater than equal to minus 1. So the solution set equal to minus 1 to infinity where minus 1 is included in the solution set. For graphical representation the solution on number line will be shown let us have a graph. So this is the number line. The solution set is minus 1 to infinity so the answer will be it will be represented in a way where this blue line is going. So x is greater than equal to minus 1. This is what this number line is representing. So I hope you enjoyed the session. Take care.


Today everybody, Dr. Sanjay Sanyal, Professor Department Chair. So this is going to be a static dissection demonstration of the vertical column, the back, the spinal cord, the spinal nerves, the spinal subarachnoid space, and a few points about the posterior costal space. We thought it would be a good idea to give you a quick overview of what it takes to expose the posterior aspect, especially the vertebral canal spinal cord. So this is it ever, and we spent quite a bit of time with the assistance of my students to dissect out the suboxibital region. We have excised the squamous part of the occipital bone, in effect we have done a posterior fossa craniactomy, and we have opened out the posterior cranial fossa. And we can see the two cerebellar hemispheres. Then we continued the incision down, we had to remove the paraspinal muscles here and on this side. Paraspinal muscles being the outermost layer, the rectus spinal muscles, composed of the heliocostalis, lungisimus and the spinalis, and the deep muscles namely the transversal spinalis. We also had to cut the lamina of the vertebral column, all the way from the cervical region to the sacral region. So in other words we had to do a laminatectomy.  And you can see the upper portion of the dura has been split and what you can see inside is the spinal cord. So this process is an extensive process, it took almost one week. Six students were working almost continuously and it's not something which we can do on a daily basis. Now let's give you a quick overview of the dura erector of the biometer and the subarachnoid space where the CSF is located. And the next slide shows further continuation of the opening of the dura. So what we see essentially here, this is the spinal subarachnoid space. And inside the spinal subarachnoid space we can see this spinal cord.  In a cadaver we cannot see the CSF because it has been drained away. And we can see that this is the combined dura and the arachnoid which I should show you more clearly in the next view. So this is an enlarged view of the same thing shown transversely and we can see the cut margin of the dura arachnoid. The inner smooth widest structure is the arachnoid. It is composed of flat mesothelial cells. The outer portion is the dura which is tough, leathery and membranous. So this is the dura border cells are closely adhered to the mesothelial cells constituting what is known as the dura arachnoid interface. This shiny translucent membrane that is covering the surface of the back of the spinal cord, this is actually the biometer. Now it's time to give a quick overview of the spinal arteries especially the posterior spinal artery and how it relates to the posterior spinal artery syndrome. Embedded within the biometer we have these plexus that we can see here. This is the plexus of lascular structures. More precisely on the posterior aspect we have two spinal arteries, posterior spinal arteries, both of them come out from the vertebral artery. So this is one posterior spinal artery that we can see faintly here and this is the other posterior spinal artery which we can see. The posterior spinal arteries they descend down typically just medial to the attachment of the spinal nerve roots which I shall mention just a little while later. These posterior spinal arteries they are supposed to be deficient in the region of T1 to T3. This is actually the thoracic segment of the spinal cord that we are showing right now. And they have to be reinforced by means of the segmental medullary arteries which enter the vertebral canal through the intervertebral foramen from outside. And therefore they form a plexus and that is the plexus that we can see here. So if for some reason in this region we have occlusion of the posterior segmental medullary arteries and the spinal arteries are also weak then we can get ischemia of the T1 to T3 segment of the spinal cord. What is referred to as the posterior spinal artery syndrome. Posterior spinal artery supplies the posterior one third of the spinal cord specifically the dorsal columns and the personal nerve roots. Posteriorly we also have three spinal veins, longitudinal spinal veins and we can faintly see them here. One of them is this one, one of them will be the midline and one of them is this one here. The three posterior spinal veins they ultimately they read through the intervertebral veins and they drain out. They also communicate with the internal vertebral venous plexus which is situated outside the dura but they are not present here. This is the spinal subarachnoid space. Now let's take a look at how the spinal nerves emerge by means of the dorsal rootlets forming the dorsal spinal nerve from the dorsal lateral aspect. Now let's focus on this spinal nerve roots that we can see here. The roots of the spinal nerves they do not arise by a single nerve fiber as we can clearly see they arise by means of multiple branches. These are referred to as the rootlets of the spinal nerves. So if this was let's say for the sake of discussion this was the T3 spinal nerve. Then these are the rootlets of the T3 spinal nerve and this segment of the spinal cord will be referred to as the T3 spinal segment. That's how we count the spinal segments because as such there is no other indication on the back of the spinal cord or the front for that matter which indicates the spinal segments except the attachment of the rootlets. So therefore we can see the rootlets here, we can see the multiple rootlets here, we can see the rootlets here and here and so on and so forth. Now let's follow the course of the spinal nerve from its origin in the spinal cord through the dural sheath to the outside. Now let's come and see how the spinal nerves emerge. When the spinal nerves are emerging they pierce through the dura arachnoid. So therefore the inner surface is the arachnoid as I mentioned or outer surface is the dura. This is the small portion of the spinal nerves which are inside the subarachnoid space and here they are based by CSF. This provides a small area for drainage of CSF by means of the perineural lymphatics. So apart from the usual drainage of CSF these small portions drain through the lymphatics around the spinal nerves. Then these spinal nerves they pierce through the dura arachnoid and in so do we, the dura arachnoid and also the pie as a matter of fact they all merge with the epineurium of the spinal nerves. And we can see that much more clearly in this view here. Since we are in the thoracic region let's see how the emerging spinal nerves become the intercostal nerve. Once the spinal nerves pierce as I said we are in the thoracic region the back of the thoracic region they become known as the intercostal nerves. And we can see one intercostal nerve here we can see another intercostal nerve here. These intercostal nerves initially they run in the endothoracic fascia and we can see they are accompanied by vessel cells. Typically the vein is on the top the arteries below and the nerve is at the lower most. Vane artery nerve they run in the coastal groove on the under surface of the rib above and here they have been displaced down a little bit. So this is the orientation and as they go further they enter into the intercostal muscles between layers 2 and 3. Layer 2 being the internal intercostal muscle and the layer 3 being the innermost intercostal. In this particular region this is the region of the angle of the ribs which was attached by the erector spinae muscle. Therefore in this region the innermost intercostal is called the subcostal muscle. So therefore it runs between the subcostal muscle on the inner surface and the internal intercostal muscle and then they continue. And when they continue they also give the collateral branches. And since we are in the posterior cavity of the chest wall I could not resist telling you a little bit about posterior cavity. Since we are also on the back of the chest I will use this occasion to mention a few quick words about thoracotomy, posterior thoracotomy. When we are doing a posterior thoracotomy we make an incision on the surface of the rib and that incision is made like this on the surface of the rib. And then we split the periosteum above and the periosteum below and then we reflect the periosteum and then we shell out the rib from inside by means of a rib cutter. By so doing we have the added advantage of getting the space above and the space below. So therefore it gives a wider exposure. Subsequently when we close the periosteum, osteogeneic layer of the periosteum allows the rib to grow back. And by doing this procedure we also avoid damage to the intercostal neurovascular structures both above and below. So this is the approach to posterior lateral thoracotomy. So these are the points which I wanted to mention to you about the spinal subarachnoid space. CSF, the spinal nerves, the biometer duroarachnoid and the posterior spinal artery and the vein and the posterior spinal artery syndrome.