Welcome to the first breakfast session of the ANU Crawford Leadership Forum. My name's Ann Evans, I'm from the ANU and this morning we're going to be talking about migration and population in a time of pandemics. I would like to start by acknowledging the traditional owners from where I join you today, the Nambri and Ngunnawal people and pay my respects to their elders past and present. I extend my respect to all First Nations people joining us for this conversation this morning. So please join me this morning in welcoming our three speakers. On our panel this morning, we have Jenny Wilkinson who is the Deputy Secretary of the Fiscal Group in Treasury. In this position, Jenny provides advice to the government on a range of policy issues including budget strategy, national security matters, the Commonwealth's financial relationships with the states and territories, retirement income policy, the deregulation agenda, social policy and policy relating to the environment, industry and infrastructure, a very broad reach. Over the course of her career, Jenny has held positions across a number of different departments and agencies. These have included running the Parliamentary Budget Office and holding senior positions in the Commonwealth Treasury, the Department of Industry, Department of Climate Change and the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet and at the Reserve Bank of Australia. Working in these roles, she's been responsible for providing advice on a wide range of economic policy issues. Welcome Jenny. Our second panel member is Liz Ritchie. As the CEO of the Regional Australia Institute, Liz's primary goal is to make a difference through providing leadership and vision for a better future. A future that recognises regional Australia in a new light. For over 20 years, Liz has worked across the corporate government and not-for-profit sector and she specialises in leading organisational transformation to build a sustainable future. Whilst understanding the issues and opportunities impacting regional Australia, she's dedicated to reforming our regional economies as well as changing the narrative to entice more Australians to live, work and invest in regional Australia through the move to more national campaign. Good morning, Liz. Our final panel member today is Michael Willard who is the first Assistant Secretary of the Immigration Programs Division in the Department of Home Affairs. In this role, Michael is responsible for delivering permanent migration and temporary visa programs to maximise the long-term economic and social benefits to Australia. Michael has over 20 years experience working in the department across Australia and overseas. His most recent roles have included leading the department's operations in North Asia as regional director and minister councillor at the Australian Embassy in Beijing. Managing the department's overseas network operations and implementing Australia's current skilled migration system. So welcome, Mike. So this morning, we're going to be talking about migration and the Australian population in the context of the ongoing global pandemic. I'm going to first direct my first question to Jenny. We all know that international migration has been significantly impacted by COVID-19. Can you talk us through the importance of migration to Australia's population growth and how is it being affected by the COVID-19 pandemic? Sure, many thanks, Anne and thanks very much for the invitation to this session. And I'd also like to join you in acknowledging the traditional owners of the land from which we're working but also the traditional owners around Australia. So population growth, as I think most people know, is driven by a combination of natural increase, birth offset by deaths and migration. Migration has been the largest contributor to Australia's population growth for some time now and our assessment is that that's going to continue well into the future. So just to give you a few sort of statistics, over the last decade, Australia's population growth, population, sorry, has grown on average by around 1.6% per year. When we look at migration, both temporary migration and permanent migration, migrations accounted for around 60% of this growth. So around one percentage point of growth in population on average per year has been driven by migration. And looking ahead, as we presented in the 2021 intergenerational report, migrants are expected to continue to be the largest source of population growth over the next several decades, having in fact an increasing impact as the population ages and by the end of the period covered by the intergenerational report, which is around 2060, 61 migration accounts for closer to 75% of population growth. But the COVID pandemic has had just an enormous impact on population growth largely due to the impact that international travel restrictions have had on overseas migration. There's probably a small fertility impact that we can have a chat about later, but the big impact has been on migration. Population growth, as I said, averaged 1.6% over the last decade per year. Over the year to December 2020, our population growth had fallen to 0.5%. Our estimate is that over the year to June 21, it will have fallen to 0.1%. That's the slowest growth in Australia's population since 1916, which was when the last time we had a very big fall in population growth when population actually declined by 1% that year. Net overseas migration this year or last year, I should say in 2021 is expected to be lower than we've seen at any time in any year since 1946. So we're starting to see the release of statistics for the 1920 financial year, which are showing the early impact of the pandemic on overseas migration. And in the intergenerational report and also in the budget, we provided projections for the ongoing impacts of migration on population growth over the next couple of years. So what we know is that national net overseas migration, often referred to as NOM, but I'll call it Net Overseas Migration, fell from 241,000 in 2018-19 to 195,000 in 2019-20. And we're expecting net overseas migration to be negative 97,000 in 2021 and then to remain negative in 2021-22. So we're moving from a net inflow of the order of 240,000 migrants to a net outflow of the order of 100,000 migrants. Most of this decline has been caused by a decline in temporary migration, particularly international students and working holidaymakers. And it's sometimes hard when you look at the migration statistics and look at the flows to really unpack what's happening. But if you look at the stock of temporary migrants in Australia, it's quite stark. So since the pandemic began, the total number of international students in Australia has fallen by around 180,000 people. The number of working holidaymakers has fallen by around 100,000 people. And the number of temporary skilled visa holders has fallen by around 45,000 people. So we've had quite a significant fall in the stock of temporary migrants over those two years. Offsetting that, the pandemics also led to an unprecedented spike in Australians returning to Australia. One of them was my son who returned in March last year at the beginning of the pandemic as we considered that Australia would be a better place to live probably through the pandemic than the US. So usually we find that around 15,000 Australians emigrate from Australia every year. In 1920, that turned around and Australian citizens were net immigrants to Australia for the first time since World War II. We had about 40,000 Australians returned to Australia and we expect that that's also happened in 2021. So these are really unusual times we find ourselves in. In the budget forecasts, we assume there will be a return towards more normal patterns of migration from the middle of next year. And by 24-25, the migration program is expected to return or I should say net overseas migration is expected to return to around 235,000 migrants per year, which is the average level that was recorded for about a decade and a half before the pandemic. Why do we think that there'll be a return to those sorts of levels of migration? Well, I guess that's largely because we do think that Australia remains an attractive destination for both permanent and temporary migrants. The fact that we've built a reputation as a COVID safe country probably helps. We've also certainly experienced much better economic outcomes than many other countries, most other countries actually, which should also continue to make us an attractive destination. Having said that, the ongoing pandemic presents risks that are gonna have to be carefully monitored and carefully managed. While I say there will be a return, our expectation is there'll be return to more normal migration patterns and that'll be important for the recovery. There will also be policy choices about how and when to do that. The government's responsible for determining the permanent migration outcomes by setting the size and the composition of the permanent and the humanitarian migration programs. And the government also influences temporary migration through the introduction and secession of visa types and eligibility requirements and capacity limits. And I think we'll come to that later in the session. But I'll just note that the governments recently, for example, double the capacity of the seasonal worker program and the Pacific Labor scheme to help fill some labor gaps that have been affecting the agricultural sector and other regional businesses due to COVID. Right, thanks, Jenny. So we often hear that Australia's migration program helps to offset an aging population. So if migration is down, there are obvious implications for population aging, although maybe not so much if most of the decrease in migrants is due to international students and seasonal workers. But what impacts do you think that this slowing down of migration will have on Australia's future economy and budget? Yeah, so when we think about the link between migration and economic growth, we typically think about it by focusing on the effects on the aggregate size of the population, the effect on participation and the effect on productivity. I guess I also note, and there was a focus in the intergenerational report on the fact that the details of the migration program matter for both economic and fiscal outcomes. And I guess it would be remiss of me not to say that when we're thinking about the migration program, we also need to be thinking about factors other than economic factors. So there's social and humanitarian reasons while you have a migration program. But just sort of the basic way, I guess the fundamental way in which we think about it is at a high level, migration increases the size of our population and the size of the economy. Secondly, migration provides a demographic dividend because migrants are younger than the average population. So they supplement the stock of working-age people, they lift the labour force participation rate and they slow the ageing rate. And it's interesting if you look in the past, so between 2000 and 2016, the Australian-born population lowered our participation rate by about 2.1 percentage points due to the effect of ageing while the overseas-born population more than off-fit set this by increasing our participation rate by 3.6 percentage points. And on productivity, we have a good understanding how migration affects population participation. There's much more we can learn about how migration affects productivity. So coming back to the question, look, the demographic shock caused by the COVID pandemic is going to be really evident in Australia's population and economy for years to come. The economy is going to grow at a slower pace over the next 40 years than it did over the last 40 years. And that slower population growth is almost entirely due to the COVID migration effects combined with a lower fertility assumption. I guess when we think about this, the total level of GDP is relevant, but it's also, what's also relevant is per capita GDP. And per capita GDP growth is projected to be lower, but it's much closer to historical averages because it is the case that a significant share of the benefits of migration accrue to the migrants themselves. There are spillover benefits, but there's a significant contribution, sorry, significant share of accrues to them. So what's the impact going to be? The impact is going to be that we're going to have an older population, are we going to have slightly lower participation and we're going to have a smaller economy than we previously would have. The details of exactly how this plays out will depend on decisions which are taken going forward from here and particularly decisions about the size and the composition of the migration program. Great, thank you, Jenny. So that, you know, that migration that we've been talking about, international migration has impacts across Australia. So in addition to reduced international migration, we've seen recent changes in the level and the type of internal migration with some areas experiencing higher levels of movement from city to regions in response to COVID-19. So I'm going to turn to Liz now and Liz, how is this movement changing regional communities? Good morning, Ann, and good morning to my fellow panelists and all the participants here this morning. I too would like to acknowledge the traditional owners on the land. Thank you for that question. I think just before I launched straight into how it's affected regional communities, I think that myth that isn't well understood. I think for decades we've had this view that people were leaving regions in droves. And what our research has shown at the Institute in our big movers report that we launched last year in 2020 was that from the decade up until 2016, we've seen a net increase in movement to the regions over that decade to the order of about 100,000. And so, you know, at the Institute, we've been saying at the time that Australians are looking at their lives and have been, and they're looking for an opportunity seen through COVID is certainly unprecedented because this has seen a surge, if you will. So if you look at the most recent data coming out of the ABS from 2020 to March 2020, there was a net increase in the order of about 45,000. That's in a one-year period, isn't it? And an extreme surge and clearly brought about by COVID. And I guess we've seen that in particular in certain states where the experience experienced more lockdowns, shall we say, such as Victoria. But there's really two factors, I guess, to those figures as we see it. One is that, which is important, Aboriginal people are also choosing to stay in the regions. And this is also an unusual set of circumstances. Generally, we would have a much more flow of mobility between really due to COVID, regional people are making the choice to stay. And then, and the interest of city people moving into the regions, we are experiencing circumstances. As I said a little earlier, Melbourne's experienced, I guess, the greatest, has had the greatest impact and of the movement of Melbourne, 43% of those movements chose regional Victoria. So we are looking at substantial numbers in, and I guess, how is this affecting our regional communities? Well, of course, in a variety of ways. And I guess what I always love to talk about when we think about regions, they are incredibly diverse. We're talking about regional cities or communities and even more remote areas. First and foremost, there's been a few major societal trends. Just look at employment. Employment almost changed overnight. I like to say that we were catapulted into the future of work and COVID triggered this. It triggered organisations and big business think how they were operating and that the idea of presenteeism could no longer be possible. We had to look at other options. We had to be flexible, remote, hybrid work became the new norm. And what we saw is that people with that opportunity of choice chose to move to the regions to take their jobs and to move their families. And we've got countless case studies of this that we've tracked at the institute. So this has seen certainly a lift in many regional communities and it's giving people more choice. So we believe that this is an exciting time. It's not to say that it's not with downsides and with any unexpected growth, if you will, there are pressure points. And those pressure points are being felt be it in housing where we're really seeing a squeeze. Now, this perfect sense because we're not seeing regional people leave in the numbers that they would leave. We're seeing city people have a desire to move to the regions and we're seeing an uplift in investment and the house price rise in the regions as well. So it's again, it's unprecedented and it's happened really quickly. So there really wasn't time to prepare. I guess what it's shown up is that there's been an underinvestment in housing in regional Australia. And this is something that certainly we're looking at at the moment. So what is pleasing is that there are record number of construction schools coming through the system which is unfortunately, as everybody knows, it takes time to build and to manage that construction phase. So there will be a lag. Compounding that issue is also labour which we might talk to a little bit later. So housing's one factor. And of course then it's just services and amenities, health, education. As population grows and grows that quickly, there isn't time to prepare. It's important that we as policymakers and government try to get ahead of this as best we can and that we try to have data as accurate as it can be demonstrating the trends that we're seeing and areas that are more popular. We know from our research that the regional cities can be very popular locations. But we also know that those lifestyle centres around the regional cities are also experiencing that surge. So I might stop there. All right, thanks. We've got some ongoing issues with your mic, Liz. So I'm gonna turn now to Michael and we can come back to some other questions in the Q&A, I think. Michael, given the impact of migration on our labour market, how do you think a skilled migration program might look in the future? Hi, Ann, and good morning, everyone. And thanks for the chance to join you this morning. I think at a high level and skilled migration will always be driven by those three core elements that Jenny touched on, the participation, productivity and population. And if we look at skilled programs over the past few decades and if we look at what we know from our continuous survey of Australia's migrants, we still migrants provide an injection of people who are younger than our national average, who are far more likely to participate in the workforce and who have a positive impact in terms of productivity and filling skills needs. So I think at a high level, that focus will continue. As Jenny said, the programs determined each year by the government in terms of the size and composition of the skilled program. But there are some key environmental factors, I think that have been emerging in recent years that are probably worth considering. One of those is the longer-term trends in migration that we've seen in Australia and indeed globally. And that's really a shift away from migration that was more related to social policy and a shift towards migration that has a much stronger economic policy focus. And we've seen that in the composition of the permanent migration program and shifted over the years from a program that was predominantly family-related to a program that's now certainly before the pandemic is about two-thirds skilled and one-third family. Another key emerging factor in migration recently is that there is growing international competition for highly skilled migrants. It wasn't that long ago that active program and policy design for migration was really a very limited field. It's really Australia and Canada, probably leading in terms of the countries that introduced points tests for migration first in the 1970s, and then a number of other traditional migration countries such as the US and New Zealand in that space as well. We've gone from that fairly limited group of countries seeking to actively manage migration to now scores of countries with schemes for attracting skilled migrants. And it might be a focus on skill, it might be a focus on talent, it might be a focus on investment, but there's a vast array of skilled migration opportunities out there for skilled people. Positive news in that respect is that in 2019, the OECD's indicators of talent attractiveness found Australia was one of the most attractive OECD countries for highly qualified workers. And this was based on a range of factors, quality of opportunities, income and tax, future prospects, family environment, skills environment, inclusiveness and the quality of life. We know from our network of global talent officers that we have located around the world that Australia's response to COVID has generated a positive dividend in terms of our attractiveness. So since that 2019 survey, the anecdotal feedback we're getting is that Australia continues to be an attractive destination for migration. Another key element, I think that needs to be considered, is the question of the domestic population support for migration and the Scanlon-Lonash Index of Social Cohesion, which has been running annually for a number of years, did some work at the end of 2020 in response to the events of the pandemic. And what that work found was that an increased proportion of respondents to about 71% indicated that accepting migrants from many different countries makes Australia stronger. And fewer respondents regarded the immigration intake as too high. That figure was around 38%. So that domestic support is a key element to success in any migration program. And Australia has long had a far more welcoming attitude to migrants when you compare it to a lot of those, what you might term competitor countries, particularly emerging competitor countries in Europe. That may stem from the fact that Australia has one of the highest rates of overseas born in the OECD at around 30%. So those elements I think will be key factors in terms of driving what the size and composition of a school migration program looks like in years to come. In terms of this year, 21-22, program settings are really designed to maximise flexibility and to be able to respond to a range of possible circumstances that could emerge as we move through the pandemic. A couple of points to highlight, there's a number of strands to the skilled migration program. And some that have been brought forward in recent years include the Global Talent Program, which is a program that's focused on key industry sectors that attracts a lot of people who have outstanding records in research. And the sectors, there's 10 different sectors, but they're what you might term cutting edge and future focus sectors. And that focus on sectors is a change from the way the program is previously focused, which was a focus much more narrowly on specific occupations. Now, that focus on occupations or those streams of the program that allow migration according to occupations are still in play and still provide the majority of migrants. But what we've seen is a shift towards in the Global Talent Program, a shift towards industries and a future focus. Sorry, I might stop there. Thanks, Anne. So thanks, Michael. We've given that. We've got an opportunity now to reset the way we balance temporary and permanent migration. So we've already heard mention of temporary migrants today and the opportunities for migrants to become citizens at the end of that process. How will migration policy consider this changing opportunity and how we might think about that moving forward? I think a key element there, Anne, is that our permanent migration program, increasingly over the past couple of decades, is actually made up of people, a wider and wider proportion of people who are here on a temporary visa. So when they're granted a permanent visa, they may have been here for a number of years. If we look at our skilled stream, around three quarters of the skilled stream in 2019, 2020, were granted visas to people who were already in Australia. So the temporary program was a key prime for permanent migration and for long-term stay. There's a couple of pointers there in terms of something that we introduced in terms of regional migration in the past couple of years that provides an indicator, I think about the way temporary migrants can transition to a permanent visa. And those regional visas allow either employers or states and territories to nominate migrants on a provisional basis to come and live in regions, to hopefully put down routes and to connect with local communities and then transition to a permanent visa over a three to five year pathway. So that's the sort of approach in terms of that transition from a temporary to a permanent visa. It's not possible to guarantee or so that there'll be automatic transition for anyone who comes on a temporary visa because the volumes of temporary entrants have been growing so much over the past couple of decades. But that mechanism of establishing a pathway to permanent residents through a provisional visa, I think gives an insight into how that transition can be handled. Thanks, Sam. Thank you. I'd like to thank everyone for coming along this morning and particularly to thank our panelists, Jenny Wilkinson, Mike Willard and Liz Ritchie. Thank you all very much for your contributions today. And thank you for everyone attending and enjoy the rest of the forum for those of you who are continuing on to other sessions today.


Okay, welcome everybody to the Amherst community chat for Thursday, July 30th. My name is Brianna Sunred from the town of Amherst and joining your town manager, Paul Bachman, is director of senior services Mary Beth Ogilowicz. I think I said that right, I practiced that at night so.  So before we launch into updates about senior services and questions, I wanted to give town manager Paul Bachman a chance to give us any updates. Sure. Thanks Brianna to two important updates this this week. First is that the Board of Health on Monday passed a mask regulation that requires the wearing of facial coverings in the downtown area basically it follows North Hampton Road which is route nine down Lincoln Ave. And then up North Pleasant Street and Triangle Street, and it sort of juts around Main Street and back to route nine, which includes the town commons so this is an area downtown where our main business district is to that is an area that because of the higher density of pedestrian traffic, and the narrow sidewalks, the Board of Health determined that it was important that masks are required, not just recommended to be worn now they're all kinds of caveats so if you have health conditions or mental or physical that prevent you from wearing a mask. That's that's not there, you're not going to be there aren't going to be mask police out there. We will be engaging with the university to bring in student ambassadors who will have masks available to help share them with people and inform them of the regulations. So that's that's the first thing. The second thing is, we are have established a working group with the university to read to be on a sort of real time basis meet pretty regularly with decision makers at the table to. Review what's going on in the community and be able to respond very quickly is as we review data and look at different options available to both entities. So that's a that's a good news thing. And as we anticipate students coming back for a state of classes I think is August 24. So students will be coming back before then clearly for the ones who are on campus and for those who are off campus to so I'm just to start there and then move on to our senior services director. And I'll just say to both of those points Paul just made you can view the full order in the full information about both the emergency order for part of downtown downtown Amherst with the masks as well as the working group information. On our homepage in the news and announcement section so you can see the map and get the full details on both of those things. And before I give Mary Beth a chance to give just a general update I want to remind folks in the room that you can use the Q&A button to pose your questions to Paul and Mary Beth as well as by raising your hand from the zoom application or star nine from your phone. So Mary Beth I thought we would give you a chance to give some general updates before we launch into Q&A. Yeah. Well we are at an interesting point I think very different from where we stood previously. I think the last time I was here we were in the midst of the thick of the pandemic, and and sort of I think of it as more of a crisis and emergency response, sort of an adrenaline surge of response to make sure people had the level of services just to keep them safe and well. At this juncture I think of us as in sports parlance sort of settling the ball. The things have calmed down, we're taking a look around and trying to really have a measured approach to looking ahead to the future the best way in which we can forecast how we'd be able to deliver services and looking back to where we have been and where do we need to grow. So, I think of it as an opportunity to reimagine and really reinvent senior services so for people who don't know the full history of my position it used to be the director of senior center, and Paul very wisely when he hired me one year ago and one day. Changed my title to director of senior services which I found very appealing and I think more closely matches the challenge that we are facing of delivering services throughout the whole town without having a center that may you know for the foreseeable future be public. So that's the phase we're at sort of taking measure, looking at best practices communicating a lot with other senior centers, both regionally and statewide looking at guidelines and trying to think of how we can not necessarily replicate what we were doing, but also reinvent what we had been doing and looking at new needs that are arising. So that's the quick where are we now, and I'm happy to dive in more. Great thank you for that update and we do have some questions that have already been submitted. And I will definitely remind folks to please jump in the room we'd love to hear from you live so you can do that by raising your hand. But if you feel more comfortable, you can use the Q&A function at the bottom of your screen. So one question that we've gotten a lot is when do you think the senior senior center will reopen the physical building. Yeah, and I think that there probably isn't a day that goes by that someone doesn't at least ask me that. And I think of it as two levels of determination. First we have to look at what the what the governor is going to authorize in terms of his executive order and looking at the phases. What we know to be true from our communications that we do a weekly call with the executive office of elder affairs is that senior centers will be among the very last entities that will open in the state because there is a strong concern given the vulnerability of seniors. So we have not yet received permission within the phased opening, but beyond that really what what the message is weekly to us is look at your local determinations because what's happening in Sudbury could be very different than Amherst. And we really have to lean into our local board of health and the town manager and looking at what's happening here and how we might be able to best support seniors in terms of opening. So for right now, we continue our status of we are here so I don't like to think of us as closed. I like to try to disabuse people of that notion. We are here, we are open and we're functioning. We're just not allowing the public to come in for programming and for individual appointments. So what that looks like is we are available, you know, through phone calls through zoom through telephone conference calls, we meet people outside so we've been, you know, practicing that in terms of social distance meetings at the sidewall where we deliver our lunches. And we're also looking into sort of a mobile fleet of can we drive around our COA van park it at some locations and then pull out a table for six feet distance and meet with people within the community who are a bit more separate and maybe don't have access to all of those other forms of communication. So, you are on the reopening you're an advisor on the reopening of senior centers right Mary Beth at the statewide level. Yeah, so, so we have created a really robust and I think exceptionally thorough and detailed set of guidelines statewide for the Commonwealth for senior centers so there was an MCO a reopening guidelines Task Force. I was a member of that because I do love policies and procedures and safety protocol. And I will say that, even in the absence of being open, you know, some of the things that we've been doing as a result of those guidelines is, again, everybody takes those general guidelines and then you look at your own footprint. So we have been doing things like, you know, examining modifications that are necessary to resume opening just in terms of space. So we're trying to use this time to put in place all of those practices and procedures and modifications that will allow us if the, you know, the green light comes from the state and from Amherst to be able to open at least in a in a small way. And the message I would also give is that this is not a race. So this will be a measured soft partial opening whenever we do have the permission to open. So it might begin in a very small way with allowing one to one meetings and appointments with social work staff, and then perhaps growing to small groups or something of that nature. So that's what we've anticipated in opening. It's not going to be will open the doors and everything is resumed as it was. So it might look and feel a bit different as we would ramp up just like the state is ramping up in stages. We would do the same thing here. So, great. Thank you, Mary Beth. We have a question from Eileen in reference to one of the updates that Paul made earlier. Who are the health agents and municipal enforcement officers who will make sure people are following the order to wear masks? That's a great question. So under the Board of Health Regulation, the enforcement officers are the health agents. They are located in the inspection services department. The police are not the enforcement agencies agents on this. But in terms of enforcement, that we are not going to be going out and ticketing people for not wearing masks is going to be an educational component because that's the thing that works the best. And tick us just, we don't think that that's going to achieve the goal that we want to achieve. So in terms of enforcement, it is the inspection services department that is actually inspect or the enforcement agents as identified by the Board of Health Regulation. And you can again, I'll remind the room that you can see that full order and it kind of breaks it down by section where you can get the full details of what that means. And some of those definitions is right on our homepage of amersetmay.gov in the news section. So we have another question here. And I know we're just kind of redefined with the senior center being closed meant but with that in mind. So what do you think the seniors are missing the most during these last few months. I would probably lump that into two two areas is one community and connection. And so we all long to belong and to be part of something it's how we gain identity purpose and meaning. And we really did serve that. So the location of the senior center gave a lot of people that sense of belonging. We have a number of older adults in this community who have no family here in the area. So they don't have an extended circle, their friends here became their circle. And so I think that that's one thing that people have felt like that they are missing. And the other one I think is a sense of care. Because along with that sort of community and connection, right, you get that the caring the follow up of how are you feeling. Do you need something and somebody doing that extra special thing for you. I think people are missing that kind of connection and follow through so even if they are able to virtually connect with someone, the delivery of the sandwich or bringing over the coffee or, you know, we were famous here people would bake and they would just bring in goods like oh I baked 29 muffins and I only ate two and so here's muffins and we're all sharing them with each other. So those demonstrations of caring. They're also missing. And that that being said what I what I also would like to flip the script is that so much of how we navigate this this period of seeming loss is how we describe it in our brains like what is that narrative. I think that there is increasing research around gains versus loss with the pandemic so in surveys that have been done recently when they have asked individuals to journal or to write down what have you lost and what have you gained increasingly they're finding that individuals when they actually spend time looking at what they gained have gained more than they have lost. My my task as a service providers to look at loss and how do I supplant that and help to store that. But also I think another part of that conversation is we have to make sure we're talking about what have we gained.  You know communicated with high school friends and relatives that they haven't previously connected with people have talked about appreciating quiet and peace how they've enjoyed nature more even just the view from their window. Gosh I never noticed I had this beautiful tree outside Mary bath. So so I think it's it's we have to have some balance in looking at loss and gain and how we frame that for a conversation within the community. I really appreciate that perspective I mean not I'm sure just not for for for seniors are senior community members but for all of us to kind of look at things through that lens so that's going to be my my challenge this week. So I appreciate that. So I want to say we have a couple of questions in the Q&A and also a hand raised so I'm going to allow the phone caller, whose last four digits are 3102 to come into the room please introduce yourself. Hi, this is Rebecca Hall and I have two questions actually I have one for Mary Beth. I was wondering if and if so how you've been involved in the new co vid working group. You know that set up to to determine college openings and and whether your input has been part of that and to I guess is a more is more a question for for the maybe Mr. Councilman or the town and that is inspection services department is in involved in the enforcement of these orders and I'm wondering who exactly is the inspection services department are they part of the Board of Health. So so Rebecca nice to nice to hear your voice. Hi Mary. Yeah, yeah, long time I haven't spoken with you. I appreciate that convert that question. And one thing that that I would assure you is that Paul and I have constant communication about senior needs senior concerns. Anything that is arising. We have a formal and informal way of sharing information around co vid and concerns of seniors. I certainly would attest to the fact that he's been very sensitive to the conversations that I presented him with and the feedback that I have with him around seniors and their their specific concerns in the way in which they view co vid and and the working group and its task that lays before them. So, so I can, I can assure you that that all of the information and the concerns are shared in daily sometimes and certainly weekly conversations as part of a solution that he is charged really with with counting those relationships, including his position. So that's, that's what I would, I would share around that. And the other piece I think that is an important piece that that informs anything that the town does and decisions that Paul's moves. I don't mean to speak for him but is the Council on Aging for the Council on Aging has very active and and quite vociferous and you know the chair of the Council on Aging Pat Rector met with Paul yesterday. And it's a continual flow and and the, I think the unique feature of that is that those are individuals with different constituencies different perspectives different neighborhoods different backgrounds. So, there's a multiplicity of voices that he gets through that conduit of information. So, so that's what I would and I'd leave it for him to take it. So the enforcement agent is a really good question because it sort of seems like who are these enforcement people. So, so many years ago, not many several years ago, the town gathered all of the inspectors into under one roof under the building commissioners. So we put the plumbing the electrical the building the health inspectors all together and they work together and share information side by side so we have health inspectors specifically and we have health health inspectors who are also building inspectors because a lot of their worlds intermingle so those are all located in town hall on the second floor. They all work together and under the general direction of the health director but under the day to day supervision of the building commissioner. Okay, thank you. Thank you. Thank you, Rebecca. If you have any other questions feel free to press star nine again from your phone and we'll bring you right back. Alright, thanks so much. So we've got several questions in the q amp a and I'm going to take them in the order that they came in. The first is how will the two enforcers have any effect on mask wearing downtown. So I don't know if we said there were two enforcers but we said there would be student ambassadors, student ambassadors, who will be out about and sort of just engaging with people as they walk into town informing them, you know, a lot of people will be coming dropping their children off for college and just saying this is an area where master required can I help you. And I think, you know, what we're trying to achieve is sort of a social expectation in this area that you will wear a mask and that that becomes pretty. I've seen it in other communities it becomes. When that becomes the norm you feel odd not having a mask on and that's the kind of culture we're trying to create for the downtown area. So I guess you're sitting down at a restaurant table which we encourage you to do. If you're walking around you have your mask on and that and you know I've experienced it. And areas around Boston where if you don't I went out and I didn't have my mask and I felt really awkward because I didn't have my mask and it felt like everybody's looking at me because I didn't have the mask and I think that that's the kind of true in sort of obvious we want to create in downtown area. Okay, thank you Paul so the next question here I believe is going to be directed towards Mary Beth. Charlotte wants to know do you have any information on if or when meals on wheels may resume from you mass. No, I do not have any information from them about that resuming that the time that they ceased the program. It was due to the fact that they were closing all of their kitchens and just sort of economically, it did not make sense, and they didn't have the staff and the wherewithal to continue the robust program. So we did, I am in communication with them about another program that they currently are providing so the Burke truck which feeds the school children and family members also was available to seniors at seven locations. And they that that was sort of a middle ground that we struck in terms of being able to provide us with some assistance. And they said they would be visited in the fall, and I think that they will be making determinations probably within the next several weeks about whether that would be a possibility or not from their perspective. Great, thank you. We've got another comment and a question here. There's a link provided to a specific tool provides a good guide for determining risks, the risk of attending an event such as a party. Our county currently has a risk of 42%. What is our town doing to mitigate the risk poised by gatherings likely to increase dramatically in a couple of weeks. It's it's something that we're talking about constantly as just on an hour long call before this started on that exact topic. I'm really intrigued by that link that Georgia Tech has so we'll look into that. Yeah, I mean, we know, once the university made the decision to to reopen campus and bring students back and we knew that there were going to be students living on campus and off campus. That decision had incredible number of ramifications and that's what we've been working on very extensively at all levels police fire, building inspections, health across the board. So the biggest challenge is private gatherings on private property because there are certain constitutional rights that people have. And the sort of complications of trying to go on to someone's property and say you can't be gathering here. So we're looking at all the tools that we have and what's available to us it will be a topic of conversation at Monday's town council meeting because the town council is has heightened awareness of this as well. We know that every year at this time of year when students return, there are every every every fall there's an uptick in parties just when the weather turns nicer and students are back and they're bringing the joy and you know, vibrancy they bring to a community and that expresses itself in certain ways and that's that's been a challenge. And we sort of had it down we sort of know how to manage it and we've learned we've learned every year how to do it better and have really terrific enforcement people at in conjunction with the university and our bill department and things like that. But this year is different, because we worry about the health risks that these gatherings present. One of the good news stories is that, you know, the evidence isn't that there is that there isn't as much when you are outside. And so having parties outside is actually not a bad thing, but it's going to be visible. And that's where we're going to be. People are going to be seeing parties and reporting parties people aren't social distancing people aren't wearing masks, and how we respond to those complaints is what we're working on right now. Great. Thank you, Paul. I just want to remind folks that we are coming up to the end of our half hour we've got about five or six minutes left so it's a great time for you to raise your hand or pop your question into the q&a. We do have some other questions. So this person wants to help out and they're not able to volunteer but they have resources. Is there anything our seniors need right now that could use a donation. Our community has been so responsive to this period of time. I was recently finishing off the thank yous for the newsletter and listing the number of donors we've had which has been really profound so I start first of all with a thank you to everybody who's contributed so far. But of late, I think that the greatest need right now posed by looking at a foreseeable future of being in shelter or in some form of isolation is a need to build a technology loan library. So I was very fortunate I've been looking at resources and received $2500 grant from Health New England which is fabulous. So we are purchasing our first nine tablets which we will get loaded with zoom and ready to go. We have a technology volunteer who will help to deliver those and help to orient people on their usage. We've developed some criteria around eligibility because we imagine that we're going to end up with a wait list. So I have a new task before me which is to raise $7500 to make up. I wanted $10,000 I got $2500 so I am doing a GoFundMe campaign and seeking donations of up to $7500 so even $1 will help. We have the link on the page and I am to get people also moving. So one of the things we know most importantly I just did an interview with Dr. Rebecca Starr who is a geriatrician who's recorded conversation will also be on our page. She said the number one thing that people can do to keep themselves healthy is to exercise. So we are calling it move and groove to close the senior digital divide. So I will be running a course of 189 miles I believe it is to Provincetown. I was trying to pick like the furthest point over the next couple of months so I'm not doing it in one fell swoop and asking people to pledge as I run and my staff has agreed to join in and we're asking the community to join in and move and just share with us. Whether that's dancing, whether that's kayaking, swimming, walking your dog, moving back and forth. Dr. Starr was recommended even if you sit up from your chair five times in one hour and try not to use your arms to lift yourself if that's safe and that would count and that's a great way to get in some physical exercise. So that's what I would be asking people if they would be willing to pledge towards our technology loan library because we know that it will combat depression and isolation, most importantly, and that's what I need to do is to help people to connect. So. Thank you. Thank you, Mary Beth and I just want to let everyone know who's in the room you can find that link on the senior center page as Mary Beth mentioned Amherst and may duck of slash senior center will also share it out via social media later today so that you can find that and share that for anybody who's willing to to give will also be creating a new playlist for some of the the virtual programming that Mary Beth has been organizing in her conversations she's been doing with practitioners and will start collecting those into a playlist that people can easily look through and and share out as well. So I'm looking in the room I don't see any other hands raised or questions. We are coming down to the end of our half hours so if I don't see anything now I'm going to give the chance for Mary Beth to kind of address anything she didn't get asked yet so far. My message would be healthy aging healthy living and how can you do it one exercise to engage your mind in any way go on a class online learn something new language musical instrument anything. Number three sleep the quality and the quantity of your sleep makes a significant impact on your health and then lastly civic engagement. So follow all the conversations that are happening in town become aware become interested and we have to available seats on the council on aging. So go on the website fill out a form for to participate and see where it brings you you can participate from home safely and we would love to have your voice. Absolutely and you could do that at Amherst MA of slash CAF, which stands for Community Activity form you can express your interest in COA or any of the other boards and commissions that we have. Okay, so Paul any last words or Nope, I think this is a great talk. Thank you very best for being here. Thank you. Always a pleasure. I love always. I love my job. I love this. So thank you. Well, we appreciate it and thank you for joining us today and thanks to all in the room. We'll have this up on our channel shortly for those of you who want to share it out. Thank you. Have a nice day.


Hello, Lidia Stavens here, senior editor at the internet storm center. My diary entry here, PNG analysis, shows you a bit how to use my tool PNG dump to analyze malicious PNG files and minine PNG files. So I'm going to show you one that is also here in the diary entry and it's one with an iced ID payload. So I run my tool PNG dump on that file and so first of all here you get different items, a header and then chunks all in the structure of the PNG file with here the position where it is found. After the header, the default header, you have different chunks, they have a name for bytes like here I header, srgb, gamma, fist, i, that, I end and I end is the end of the PNG file. Then you have the length of each chunk and a chunk as also a CRC32 code for the data that it has and the tool checks of that checksum is correct. So here everything looks okay. So this image 3930 pixels width, 19998, 8 color bits, color type 2 and then compression method 0, filter method 0, interlace method 0. Compression method 0 means that the data of the image, the bitmap that is contained in IDAT is ZLIP compressed and up to now that's the only compression supported by the PNG format so everything that is in IDAT here, that data and you can have more than one IDAT entries. Well that is one long compressed stream and here my tool gathers all the information from the IDATs and then tries to decompress this and on this image here this fails. So although the structure of this image is correct, there is actually no valid bitmap here in here because it cannot be decompressed. So this image cannot be rendered and that is where the ICID is hidden. So I can select the uncompressed IDATs in raw format without the compression. All of the data is in there like this and that's the data and if I do a binary dump of that data and put this into my byte stats tool you can see a very high entropy, almost 8. That's because that data here is RC4 encrypted and I wrote a small script based on existing scripts I can find on GitHub to decrypt this information so I made a small script decrypt ICID with a decrypt function and a check function that you can use with my translate tool. So you select the IDATs here and then you run my translate tool that takes input in byte format. There is a transformation on it and then outputs bytes so we are going to load a script here that's that decrypt script that I made and we are going to run on the full stream not byte per byte but on the full stream in one go and first we run the check function. Then we get this output that offset zero a header was found and this is a typical header for that ICID shell code RC4 encryption the decrypted size the shell code entry point and then the size here shell code and then I can also decrypt this now this will spit out binary data so what I'm going to do is just pipe this into my strings tool and then we can at least see some strings so here now we have decrypted data because if we run this on the decrypted data we don't get any readable strings.


Okay, my name is Jan Blunk. I'm currently working as a technology architect for L3 Maintenance Security Department in Novel, so I'm responsible for the open source and enterprise products. And I will talk about application crash reporting. So actually what is this all about? It's all about bugs and finding bugs. That is actually a copy of the logbook where, yeah, it's this story that the first bug was found and it was actually a moth inside of a capture in a relay or something from one of the very old computers. And during that time people wrote down logbooks for their computer and what they were doing and what problems they were finding. So nowadays, at least I don't know anybody who's writing a logbook for us on computer and most people don't even read their dialogue messages stuff or at least not usually. And most of the application crashes are not blocked to somewhere in the system. So most of the time we don't even write out core files. So the user usually don't realize that the application has a problem and is sack folding or whatever. So what does the other have? The others like Microsoft they have Windows error reporting service. This is, I think it's existing since Windows XP was the first release that they included that. It's also available for ISVs. So for, you can register in the Winqual project and the only thing that you need is you need to have a valid Verizon certificate. But on the other side, so the program itself is actually free even for on Windows for ISVs. And the Windows error reporting is collecting certain information about the application itself as far as I know it saves the core file and it's uploaded to a server. So Mac has it as well. They have also a problem reporter as far as I could not really find out if this is also available for other companies or for ISVs on Mac. I'm pretty, I'm not sure. Even the iPhone has it. So if you put your iPhone and connect it with iTunes automatically application, the crash reports are downloaded from the iPhone and send to Apple to analyze the bugs. And yeah, they do it also system-wide. So you can also see the kernel problems in the crash reports there. And even Sun has it. So actually I didn't find a really good picture of a Solaris brand. So I choose the Solarium. And they are cheating because they use detrace for it. We could use system tap as well for generating this report. But actually we don't do. So what does Linux have? Thanks to Ubuntu we have UPPORT. It's an application crash reporting system which is actually kernel-based or kernel-supported running in user space. UPPORT was ported to Fedora. So it's also available on Fedora. And thanks to Google, they have this Google Summer of Code project. And a student was interested in porting UPPORT to OpenSUSE as well. So now we have application crash reporting since 11.1 as well. So what is UPPORT doing? UPPORT is basically a collection of Python code which is called automatically by the kernel during the application crash. So instead of writing out the core file to disk, it's calling this application. And the application is then collecting information about the application crash. It gathers potential user information about the process environment and the operating system. So since it's, I will go into more detail later, since it's a two-step process, the first step is very similar to just get the dump, get proc maps, get all your information that you cannot gather later. But all the information about the process environments get it now and write it out to disk. And when the user is notified, then you can collect additional information. So, yeah, it runs in multiple steps. So it notifies the user by a small applet. There is an applet available for QT for, and there is an applet available for GTK, or written in GTK, both written in Python as well. So actually what the applets are doing, it's very simple. They are just watching or putting a notify on the directory where the crash reports are stored from the application. And then you get a pop-up, and then you can do the additional stuff. So, and optionally, the applets support you to send the crash report to the developer. So at the moment, we only have one sent to a server, but I will go into more detail later. It is possible to support multiple servers, so to have one open-suzer server, and one Firefox server, and one server for GTK or something, and to upload the reports into different databases. So how does it look like? This is the GTK applet, because I'm one of the very few persons actually inside the using GNOME, and most of the people use KDE, but I use that one. So here you can see it's the application's only purpose is to segfold. So then you get this pop-up, this notification, you can press report the problem, and then you can send it, or you can have a look in the contents of the report. So the report itself looks like this. It's just a plain text file. Here you can see it's just the output of PROCMAPS, so this was a compass crash, and the reports are structured like that, so it's a key value thing, list this command line. This will release, so this is all information that you can gather afterwards. The PROC environment, so which path was active at that moment, and this is the core file, and here's even more information, build IDs, and load addresses of the shared objects that were loaded during that time. Package dependencies, which files were modified in the package dependency, so that is quite interesting sometimes to see, because you can rule out certain stuff just by looking at that list if something was modified. So yeah, very long list. And then it dumps out information from GDB, the stack trace, stack trace top, which is actually the topmost frames, and the threaded stack trace, so yeah. So what happens with the reports? As I said, we have a crash database server. At the moment we have only support for OpenSUSE, so no enterprise products, and all such things, only for OpenSUSE and only starting with 11.0.1, due to different other reasons. You can find the crash database server at crashdbaopensuse.org. Yeah, as I said, application-specific servers are also possible. I have the local version of the database. I have it here. This is how it looks like, so I tried to integrate it into the common OpenSUSE website look and feel. You can search for specific reports, so all reports from 11.0.1, that's actually because I don't use factory yet, otherwise you would see a few things here. And then you can see that was the report that we looked at just now. It's on disk here, and this is how it looks like when it's uploaded. It gets a UUID. You can see when the crash happened and when it was uploaded. And here you can see that the core dump itself is removed. So, oh no, here it is. Oh, so that's a bug. But usually it should be removed, so I think the others, yeah, the others don't have a core dump. Yeah, this is how it looks like. Free text search is also available, so you can search for specific words in the application crashes. So, what is missing or what I'm working on at the moment is the further processing of crash reports. So, it would be ideal if one person sends a crash report that you can automatically detect duplicates of the crash report and connect them together. So, actually I want to gather all the reports, so I don't want to prevent the uploading, but on the database, it's easier if you look at the reports if you have the duplicates as well. So, what, on the moment, there's also searching for available fixes or work around. So, to add a feedback channel to say, oh yeah, your problem is fixed with maintenance updates, blah, blah, blah, something like that. And searching for regressions. So, this would also be interesting to have a regression detection. So, if the backtrace actually is found and the database server thinks that the bug is already fixed in a specific version, and then the bug shows up in a later maintenance update again, so that you can automatically, yeah. What happens if my application crashes? I click on send the report, but I do not have internet access at the moment. Is it stored or is it stored? Yeah, it's stored. It's saved under a var crash, and then you can send it later. At the moment, it's not, you have to run it from the command line then and give it the full path. So, upper command line interface minus C and then the report file. Yeah. Would it be possible also not to send the core, but only the backtraces, because some people may not want to have the memory of the process sent? Yeah. So, I don't know why this happened here, probably because I uploaded the crash report with Kool. But the normal applet is removing the core dump, and it's doing, I have a page on that as well. And it's also anonymizing the reports. So, it's not only the core file that might contain sensitive information, but it's also user names and such things. So, the account name and the Geekos fields are replaced by username, just the string username. So, and the queue and working directory is also removed from slash proc, because this is information, which is not, yeah, most of the people don't want to send. But nevertheless, the user always have the possibility to review the report before it's getting sent, and he should really do that, because I think in certain situations, you just don't want to automatically send the report. Yeah. Hi. So, you generate the backtracks in the client side. Do you have full debug info available when doing that? No. But this is one reason why we only have it since 11.1, because I enabled built IDs for OpenSUSE as well. And that was not enough for generating backtracks. You need to have unwind info. So, we built everything with as in Cronus unwind tables, and we don't strip the unwind tables. So, actually for C plus or all applications that supported exceptions, or where the programming language supported exceptions, it was necessary to build that as well. For all applications that don't support exceptions, the as in Cronus unwind tables are usually quite small. So, it's not bloating up your application binary. And so, it was, I think it was roughly like 5%. So, which the distribution was getting bigger, but that was only a problem for the live CDs and not for the DVD. So, there was enough space available. And what we do is you could retrace a report as well without the call. So, I'm actually parsing the report, and I can extract the addresses from the stack trace, and I can look up the correct symbol information from the debug info files. This application exists, is all written in Python as well as UPPORT itself. And the problem is to get the debug info data about the built IDs out into a database. And so, that is missing actually at the moment. And the uploading of the retraced backtrace to the server, which is also not implemented yet. This is due to the reason that we created our own server. So, I have a second question, if you will. You've created a separate crashdb.opensues.org rather than using the bug tracker. So, are you going to end up with a parallel bug tracker where people have to check two places? The thing is, due to internal political complexity, the idea of extending bugzilla in that way, that it supports uploading of crash reports was immediately adwapt. Of course, it is close to impossible to get certain extensions. It seems like you could use crashdb as the upload target, but have that file bugged for you. Would that be possible? Yeah, but still, that would be something like communicating or scripting bugzilla. It would be possible. And it is also planned to add support for linking back to the crashdb in the bugzilla, because that would be much easier, that you have your reports in bugzilla saying there is a crash report for this bug existing in the crash database. So, but that way, I think it was much easier to come up with a basic implementation than to start working with the bugzilla stuff. So, yeah, but it is actually planned. And also, what else is planned is a notification. So, we have a notification service for the build service. It's called Hermes, and to connect this uploading or the crash database with a notification service so that the responsible developer gets a notification about the application crash. That's really to annoy them. So, how does it work? Technically speaking, it's a kernel patch, which is existing in the upstream kernel since I don't know when. It's core pattern, or it's introducing a sys control called core pattern, where you can write in, it was intended to write in a special format of the core file name, but undeclean extended it to have support for piping into an application. So, what is actually done, instead of writing the call to disk, the kernel pipes the core dump into the upward application itself and gives them a process ID and a core size limit and such things. So, what upward is then doing, it's writing the crash report out to disk. Here you can see it's usually under VAR crash, and this is how the file name is set up. It's the name of the binary, the user ID of the application that was running under which a user ID. And then there it's picked up by the notification applets here that is supported by the GNOME settings daemon. So, it's a patch just of a file to monitor a directory. And for KDE, it's a module for KDE daemon. Yeah. You use a unique ID for the files, because in the use case I'm thinking when you go on with your computer for maybe one month without access to a network, I'm sure you will end up squashing crash reports. Yeah. The interesting thing is there's a corn drop, which is removing crash reports that are older than one week. So, at the moment it's expected that you send the report in this time. And after that, you can always download the war report, how it was sent upstream from the database server. But this file name is also used to detect duplicates. So, when your compass or your pigeon is constantly crashing all the time, you don't want to fill the disk by 100 duplicate reports. So, that are all names in a different way. So, this was, I think, the simplest way to do that. But that's how it's done in Ubuntu and in Fedora as well. So, I think we stick to the naming in OpenZooze as well. But yeah, it would be an idea to extend that or at least to configure, make it possible to configure that. But at the moment it's not. You could use a unique name for the file then in the first line have the same information. Yeah, something like that. So, a question. Oh, Dr. Cronky. No, it's quite easy. The desktop-specific application in crash handlers are hooking into the segfold handler. So, actually, that application are never segfolding anymore. Therefore, airport is not getting called. It's very simple. But you can disable the desktop-specific crash handler and then use airport. So, I extended, but I think I have a thought about that later. I extended the upwards or this step to be more flexible for OpenZooze because I know that the KDE project is very proud of Dr. Cronky. So, I made it possible that you can call Dr. Cronky from your crashing application handler as well. So, that would enable us to disable the stuff in the KDE applications, but still have the intention or the user experience would stay the same because Dr. Cronky is called as well. So, it's very, very flexible and it integrates quite good into GNOME and Google Breakpad and whatever. And it's very good because at the moment the OpenZooze, the GNOME Breakpad implementation is broken for OpenZooze, so it's segfolding itself. So, but I can get the reports of the segfolding crash handler of GNOME. I can capture them and report them as well. So, at the moment it's good to have it. Yeah. What technologies are used? As I said, it's the core pattern feature which is upstream since 2624, the piping stuff, the linker features with the build IDs. It's basically a two-chain feature which is new in OpenZooze 11.1. The compiler features about the Asynchronous unwind tables to be able to produce or to correctly produce a backtrace without having debug info or without having full debug info. And system management features are you need lip-sip bindings for Python which are only available on 11.1 because the lip-sip bindings for 11.0 are broken and nobody wants to fix them. So, what's in there for developers? As I said, it's very flexible so you can add your own hooks to it that are called during the applet. So, when you click the report problem button, it's starting all these hooks and collecting gathering data. So, you can easily hook in there just by adding another file into it. So, it's searching for or it's actually executing all the Python files which are there. Then you can also do that per package. So, package specific hooks. And all these hooks need to implement an add info function which is then adding certain information to the report. It's also possible to delete certain information from the report. So, yeah, all the hooks are very powerful there. You can execute arbitrary Python code. So, this is how it looks. This is an example hook. This is an Ubuntu example. You just define add info and then you can just make a new key in your report and pipe the information there. So, this is adding a lot of files. Here's another example. This is quite interesting because by this you can disable the report generation or the sending of the report upstream if you detect certain things. This is looking for specific or specific things in the backtrace. And if it shows up in the backtrace it says, oh, the crash report is likely that it's invalid. So, it's an unreportable reason, bug report. And you are not able to send them upstream or to the server. So, then there's something which is unique to OpenSUSE. It's the developer mode. You can enable it by just putting in the config file developer mode and just enabling it in the config file. This is generating backtraces or crash reports also for unpackaged applications. That means applications that are not officially signed by OpenSUSE build key. And also applications like my second fold application which is not coming with the package. So, the packaging system doesn't know of it. Here you can see also this unreportable reason tag. This is not a genuine SUSE package. And then you cannot send the report upstream but you can save it. So, and then you can look at it or do whatever you want for it. So, this is another thing which is unique to OpenSUSE. It's on app crash invoke environment variable. So, if the application itself has the environment variable set while it's crashing, the crash handler which is defined here. So, here you can see it was this application crashed and it had set a path or a file name. Here it was invoke.sh. It's just a shell script. So, you can run arbitrary code there. You can also see the security feature. So, my username is of course not username but it was replaced. And so, this thing was then run. And here you can see it's just the output of the thing that you're running is just attached to the application report. So, by that means it's very easy to add other crash reporting handlers also on that case. So, when I say it's unique to the OpenSUSE version, it's just because I wasn't able to push this upstream yet. I'm working quite the collaboration with Obuntu with Martin Pitt is quite good. So, he's taking patches from us as well but of course he wants me to prepare the patch and not tell him where the branch is and let him do the merging work. So, but this will be upstream I hope in a few weeks or so. So, list of missing features. It's quite long. So, the proper integration with BugBuddy, Dr. Konke and Colonel Oops. That is also the problem is since I'm only using GNOME that would be the easier part but somebody should do the KDE stuff. I hope that I can find somebody in-house probably or somebody in the community. And then rewrites of the core application. So, which is located under user support. So, this is the application that is run by the Colonel. I really wanted to have minimal requirements and I think that the Python requirement at that point is not very optimal. So, I want to rewrite at least that part in C probably or in C++ I don't know. And then something disabled, apart per process. Yeah? I have a question about when you mean rewriting, you mean rewriting as an executable again or as a library? No, as a standalone application but that application which is called from the Colonel. So, the initial gathering of the initial report gathering which is very, it's very simple work. It's only doing writing out the core dump and doing all this prog file. That's exactly the opposite of what Windows does. In a Windows role when you crash the application what you are doing is you linked and state the library because when your application is crashing it might be very well because your system is unstable due to hardware or memory and the last thing you want to do is to start something new. You want to run something that you already have in memory. No, no, it's the interesting thing is this is in a separate address space. So, it's not starting, it's not like the segfold handling implementation. You start a port which is a new application. So, if my problem was I was running out of memory and that was the reason I was crashing, you are making things worse, not better.  No, I mean when you rewrite that in C, it will make sense for it to be a library, a static library. Yeah, probably. So, but I don't want to link it or have it loaded multiple times or if you have it loaded as a library and you don't want to run another application during crash, then I have to be sure that the code of the library, the text is not modified during the application crash. So, I really want to run in a separate address space. So, it makes sense to start another application in that terms because this is the worst problem that you have with Dr. Konke and Bug Buddy is if the application goes crazy, it's not able to start the segfold handler anymore or even the segfold handler is crashing and dying then. So, and to get this right is very, very complex. So, what you can do is you map the part of the code that you need to run during the crash, you lock it and you map it read only. No, not read only so that it's not touchable by the application itself, but that would be a lot of hacking and for a really small benefit, I think. That's exactly what the Windows world has. That's exactly what the Windows world has been doing for 20 years. So, yeah, okay. So, yeah, there are some other things that are missing, at least also on the crash report database, as I told connections from Novaya Vaxilla, automatic report analyzes. So, I'm currently working on the report analyzes and the report retracer. Yeah, so that's it. There are some people involved, Nikolai, who did the initial report, Martin for merging our patches and Andreas Bauer and Markus Rückert for helping me with Rails. And, yeah, here's the wiki pages, apport and apport for developers. So, if you're interested, that's it. So, questions? Anybody? Yeah, about the developer mode. You said if a package is some piece of software, it's not a package by OpenSuzi, I mean signed by Susi, it will be not reported unless you enable developer mode. Yeah. What if I develop some software, say commercial software, is not signed by Susi, but I want it to have reporting features? So, the plan is with the connection to the OpenSuzi build service, that if the OpenSuzi build service has a bug, has a reporter set, a bug ID set, that's our CrashDB server also accepts that report. Not an option. Software not built in the OpenSuzi build service. Yeah, you can always, you can add your own crash database server. So, it is possible to have multiple servers. Yes, but in developer mode, it doesn't send, it only saves. Yeah, but you can in the hook, you can overwrite all this stuff. So, in a package hook. So, that's possible. Okay. Good. Okay, thanks.


Hi and welcome to video tip number four. Why should you create animated cartoon videos for your business profile videos or for your blog posts? Many reasons. People like to watch cartoons and why is that? It brings back a sense of nostalgia. It reminds us from when we were young and we used to watch cartoons on Saturday mornings. I know that I watched Bugs Bunny, Casper, can't remember any of the other ones because my memory's bad, but people like that. It draws their attention. They're also fun. They're engaging and why not look at something different? We live in a world that's very negative. There's just so many things going on that we don't know about, we don't understand, we don't want to know about. So watching a cartoon video can just give you a sense of relaxation and illicit enjoyment. So give your customer something to laugh at maybe, just feel good about and get your message across at the same time.


What do you think's gonna happen, Corbin? What's that? I think Monoge is going to kill his own daughter. And that's a big twist.  I'm Rick. And today we are on to the final episode. We are finally here with all of you guys who binged watched it immediately when it came out and we're finally here of the Family Man Season Two. Very suspenseful last episode. Mm-hmm. Lot of stuff going on. The daughter went Rambo on that guy and it was awesome. And we thought she was gonna escape and then she didn't. And now she's got even more trouble. And obviously they still need to stop this plane from flying into the wherever the PM is.  This one's called the final act. What do you think that means? All I know is what I'm hoping for is that at some point right at the very end when the tension's the highest and we need a hero to show up, Drogon's gonna show up and then we'll all be good. And we'll just burn everybody down. It could happen. Do you have any big theories? Like do you think Monoge will die? No? I think they may lead us to believe he did but he won't die, he's the star of the show. Hey, you know who else was the star of the show? Ned Stone. Oh, I know. I know, but that was season one, this was season two. And it's called, that was called the game of thrones. This is called family man and he's the man. So if he's gone, the show's just gonna be called family. I think, I actually think it's possible. It would be morbid and sad. I think it's possible his daughter doesn't make it. Yeah. Yeah. I find that extremely difficult to believe that they would just do that, but it's possible. I think Raji will die, which will be sad. Raji's gonna get shot out of the sky. Which will be very sad, cause I love her character.  That's usually not a good thing to do. She might have great intentions. Who knows? There's better things to do with the day than blow up the Prime Minister. I mean, there's a lot of things you could go garden. You could sew a new outfit. Anyways. If you're here, you might be here for the first time because it's the finale reaction. Some people show it for the finale reaction. So we can only use five minutes of each episode. Five minutes picture in picture on YouTube. So that's why it's cut up the way it is. And it's an hour long episode.  So just know that. If you'd like to see the full uncut reaction of this and every episode of both seasons and other shows, head over to Patreon, I'll put it in the description below and the pinned comment. So, all right, you ready, man? Let's do this. All right, let's finish this. It'll be sad. It's always sad to finish a series. Yeah, it really is. Here we go. Three, two, one. Manos died. Salam Salam. So they're right outside their place? So that payoff from those guys on the road turned into them actually finding the needle in a haystack? Oh, no, they went to the place that they thought there was. They got the guardsmen to confirm that he's seen them somewhere and then he told them where they lived. The guardsmen of the place. No better hurry. They're definitely going to suspect you. It probably smells terrible in there now. That knife, is that knife still there? She's smart. They don't have anybody outside the perimeter protecting against that possibility. I just, why would you have not set up a perimeter first? My guess is it was neglect because they were just trying to do it as fast as possible. He's getting shot right now. Yep, yep. You can always tell when they set up a shot a certain way. Yeah. Perfect. He's killing himself. Yeah, he's one of the... You didn't really think that was going to work, did you? Well, I knew he wasn't getting out of there alive. Yeah. I really didn't think he was going to do it. You'd probably have more of a chance of killing people with just your handgun than you would dropping that gun, getting a different gun. I was wrong. They shot his daughter back and they killed this guy within the first eight minutes. Now they just have to stop the plant. You're very brave.  Not me, I've killed at least seven. I bet they have a facade there to make it look like it's loaded. Nope. Is she going to sleep with somebody to get it? Is that what the second one is? Oh, boy. You're going to be in some trouble. He just stole his wallet and his phone. And so now they're going to track him. Interesting. Gotta go, gotta go, gotta go right now. Yep. Gotta fly the plane. I bet she takes off right as they're arriving. What do you think? I think the plane will definitely get off for sure Yes sir. Oh, hold on, hold on, hold on, Rick. Could be. No, they just got out of the car. This is definitely a one shot. Oh, I'm excited. One of those back two is getting shot. Watch. Right, this guy right here. Nice. See all the rounds going off on the ground? Nice. You know how much coordination this takes? I know. Even that throw, that throw had to be spot on. This takes, might even take weeks to coordinate something like this. Why do I feel an unusual death coming on for this guy? To get something this sink. Oh, they're flying the plane at the end of this long shot. Was that a cut? That was a cut. Did they do that circle around shot around the plane? She's not going to get very far. So they still made all that look like one shot. Seamless. Seamless, seamless, seamless, beautiful, gorgeous, magnificent, the whole team, man.  That was amazing. Do you think Rajeev is alive? Yeah, really doubt it. I don't know what this country can do for you. I'm just talking about interest-free. I want to tell you something. Oh, really? Yeah. OK. Is that a Black Panther hat? Yeah, obviously setting that up for a season three little scene there. And it looks like, I mean, according to the name of it, are we looking at now infiltration from the Chinese? That's what it looks like. Yeah. So that'll be interesting. I wasn't expecting them to end the actual season on where they left it. No, there were surprises. No, like ending it on right before she tells him what she's been wanting to tell him, and that being the big cliffhanger of the season. I didn't expect that as the cliffhanger either. I did not expect that, which I actually like, because you don't really know what's going to happen. I was scared that they were just going to resolve everything right there, and I was like, no, don't do that, please. There's lots of problems with these two. Don't do that. And they didn't, and that's good. I'm glad. I agree. And they also surprised me in that I thought she actually would get into the air, and there would be this kind of countdown to the plane arriving to the summit meeting, and that would be linked to the daughter, and they wrapped up the daughter thing for eight minutes. And so it's wonderfully not predictable. Yeah, they did that. And then obviously that long take in the last little gunfight that I think lasted like 10 minutes. They have places in there that they definitely probably cut it, if not could have cut it. Oh, 100%. But they made it look incredibly good. I think they went from the car into the hut, and that was the first cut across the straw into the hut for the fight. Yeah, I don't even know if they cut in that part. There was places they could have. I know they cut it when they got to the plane. Yes, that sequence when I was like it was seamless, that sequence of her when it went from the outside and came around and the plane kind of stalled and then it went around the other side and came back, she was in a stationary plane that was green screened. I'm pretty sure. And that was just probably just a crane shot that was coming around on a pedestal that shot that. But it was seamless, seamless. It was really, really nice. That whole sequence is you don't see it often because it's almost like sometimes old school Western effects with the gunfighting and the ricochets. And you don't get to see it, especially when it's all one take. And that brings so much that goes into that. There's obviously not only the actors need to be coordinated, but for the most important is the cameraman. This is basically a dance for the cameraman. It is a dance.  I mean, just something as simple as the fact that if you've got, okay, so I was on set for something a couple of days ago doing background work and it was a scene in which people are coming in to rob a store, right? And it's three people with a gun. And then a guy in the aisle right next to me shoots one of the gun, the robbers, right?  And then when the real round is shot, everything is slow mo. The amount of time and the slowness for everything and that shot, like you said, it probably took them a week from conception to finished thing to get that thing choreographed. That was beautiful. Yeah, and then it was a very, the last episode on this one was both very suspenseful. And I'm very sad that Raji is dead, but I assume she would die in the end. And they did a great job with her character. She did a great job with the character. She had great performance from her because the writing and her really made you care for this character. Who is a terrorist? She was literally going to kill people and the PM. Yeah. And she made you, this is what I tell people all the time when they're like, they don't want stories of bad people. And I'm like, well, they, if it's a good film with a good story, it deserves to be told. And you can, you don't have to feel bad for feeling for a bad guy. Right, exactly. Point blank. I felt for her this whole season. Like I, you saw all those stuff going on. Doesn't mean she wasn't evil. Doesn't mean she didn't deserve to die.  But I just thought that did a masterful job writing and her acting was just phenomenal. I agree. Another show that does something like it, if you guys haven't seen it is season one of Narcos because the primary character in that, and that's the true story of Pablo Escobar who was a fricking horrendously evil human being. But they don't demonize him. And you actually find yourself at certain points going, I think I like Pablo, which his family and his friends did. And a lot of the people and everywhere that he was liked him. So yeah, this was really well done in that regard. And I think season two for me, it lived up to what I was hoping. And my hopes were high. Yeah. I would even say it's better than season one in a lot of respects. And I loved season one. I thought season one was great. But I think they definitely stepped it up a notch in season two because you felt for obviously Manoj, obviously brought the exact same that he brought in season one and he did a masterful job as of course he did. I had no doubt what Manoj can do, but they brought in so many characters and they fleshed out even more characters in this season. Like his partner, I felt wasn't as fleshed out in season one as it was in this season. Obviously Raji, even that other guy that looked like Irfan in the eyes him and then they fleshed out the family stuff a lot more in the whole season of this one than they did in season one. And so it's, I thought I thought I would even say this is a better season than season one of family man. And so that's it. Yeah, I would agree with you. And they did a great job of interweaving the issues that he and his wife have and making it believable without detracting us from the story which is a hard dance to do. And then making us remain interested so that they could even make it a cliffhanger. That's the cliffhanger and it is. That makes sense. Your show is called Family Man. So it's interesting. They did make the cliffhanger at the end of it be central to what's going on with the family and they obviously stepped up what was going on with the son and especially the daughter. Yeah, the daughter did great. And she did great. Call me up, Gar, was you just stabbed him full on in the neck multiple times. That was like, that was Miza, her lover. Oh, that was so great. So great. I do wish Raji had a better death, but you know, I guess that's what you kind of expect because she was trying to carry out her mission and so you know, you got to blow her up. Yeah, I just really liked her character. Yeah, me too. And it's sad that she can't be back for season three, which is unfortunate. She could have an even worse twin sister. No, don't bring the twin sister. Don't do that. Don't do that. Yeah, that was great. I enjoyed that. That was a really, really good season. I'm glad it lived up to the hype and the weight. I'm wondering when they shot that last little bit. If that was post, the first postpone in January, they decided to go with the, but obviously the pandemic was already going on. So they could have shot that at any time last year. Yeah. But I wonder when they shot that, cause then they also talked about India's second wave as well. And so... Right. Yeah, that'll be... And if you guys are wondering about the origin of COVID-19 then you haven't seen a certain film that you need to see that stars Sasha Baron Cullen. It's you know, there's some very revealing probably top secret information about that in Borat subsequent films. So if you haven't seen that, you really might. Yeah, top secret information right there. Yeah. Anyway. That's a great season. Great season. I'm glad we haven't had a bad really series yet. And this one lived up to what it was supposed to. Manoj did a phenomenal job as he always does. So let us, once again, if you'd like to see our full uncut reactions of this episode and all the other ones, including other seasons and other series, head over to Patreon. Once again, put it in the link in the description below and in the pinned comment. Let us know what should be the next series we watch. There's Ray's coming up, which I can't tell if that's an anthology movie or if they're gonna release episode by episode. I can't tell yet. But obviously you got, we still need to watch Scam, but obviously Scam would be a Patreon exclusive and then we'll just do a series review because they won't allow us to do that on YouTube. And then Maiden Heaven as well, Asur, there's a bunch. So let us know what the next series should be that we should watch down below and onto the next series.