On today's Visual Studio Toolbox, Jason is going to show us a tool that gives you the ability to create really good looking Angular apps, and then it's going to generate all the code necessary to make those apps real. Hi, welcome to Visual Studio Toolbox. I'm your host, Robert Green, and joining me today is Jason Perez from Infragistix. How you doing, Robert? Hey, Jason. How you doing? Welcome back to the show. Yes, thank you. Good to be here. It's been a very long time. Too long. Since we were together. Yes. So we're going to talk about design, UI design today, right? So if you think about the things that go into building an app, there's obviously the code. Yes. And we're all good coders, and we all know how to become better coders, right? Practice, you read up, you watch other people and learn. Pretty straightforward on how to be a better coder. There's practices like DevOps and testing and whatnot, and it's kind of straightforward how you get better at that.  But the one thing that we all, I'm going to be polite, could get better at is UI design. And it is not at all clear how you start getting better at that. We can look at people who are really good at it. We can look at apps in the store that are beautiful. And in all likelihood, it wasn't the developer who designed it, because developers can't design. There's some designer who did that. Not all of us are in the position of being able to go hire a professional designer. That's correct. So as developers, how can we get better at design? So we're going to tell us. Yeah, we're going to talk a little bit about that today. Infragistics has several areas where we help developers be better at design. Today, we're going to look at one specific product that we released this year called Inigo Design. And the nice thing is it starts with a design tool called Sketch. And Sketch allows you to create user interfaces. And normally, at that point, a designer or a developer would get approval on them. And then they're kind of like, OK, what do I do next? I don't have to go write the code. So we've done some tooling with Visual Studio Code in the cloud to help get code from those designs, which is pretty sweet. Some other areas around WPF, Xamarin, Windows Forms, we do a lot of plug-ins into Visual Studio that help developers make things look prettier. So there's a lot of pre-built apps, a lot of control configurators, and things like that. But when we start talking about this really high-fidelity design, you almost need that high-fidelity tool, which is Sketch, which does. And if you're not familiar with Sketch, it's sort of like Adobe Photoshop or any graphics tool. It's a vector graphics tool. So you can basically do what you want with that. And what we've done is we've taken our web product, an Angular product, and we've created UI kits in Sketch and married the widgets with the design tool. So that means anything you design in the design tool, we can successfully generate code with that. And that's the whole point. Cool. So again, this is for Angular today. And then there will be additional areas that you probably would want to. We have a pretty rich backlog with this. We're getting a lot of feedback. We started with Angular because there was a lot of customer demand on NetNew Angular. And there was a lot of rush to, like, I'm going to move from desktop to web, which is fairly complex because a lot of developers don't know how to build Angular apps. They're coming from a rich client. You need to learn. You need to learn the whole web stack, HTML, JavaScript, TypeScript. Angular is a framework. And then how do you make it look good? It was pretty easy to create your first wind form. It was drag and drop, pretty easy to create your first WPF. Type a few things, or drag and drop. But then it looks battleship gray, right? Yeah, so it's just another thing to learn. Yeah, and we do want to support other platforms. So for example, React will come later. We've had requests for things like Xamarin for mobile platforms. WPF, we talked about a little earlier. I'm not sure if we would do the whole WYSIWYG in WPF. But we have tossed around the idea of doing resource dictionaries because a lot of the battle in WPF is you want a very branded experience. And that's difficult to do easily. Like I want to say, take this beautiful design, give me the resource dictionary so I can style my entire application. So that is something we could also do with the tooling and sketch. But yeah, why don't we go through a little example of how this works? Cool, so okay, see my screen up there. And basically to- Sign up for free, ooh. I like free. But then it says how to buy. Now I'm confused. So there's a free version, and then there's a paid version. Pretty much, obviously there's a trial version, so you can try this thing out for 30 days. But the nice thing about the paid version is that you not only get the design tools, but you get our UI controls as well. So the UI components would normally be a whole nother price. Now those are open source for non-commercial and education use as well. They're up on NPM. Super easy to get started with that product as well. But yeah, so what I'm gonna show you today, pretty much you can just sign up for free and go to town. You can do exactly what I'm gonna do today on your own computer right now. All right, cool, let's see it. What I'll do first is just kind of scroll through this webpage really quick because there's three parts to this which make, it'll clarify for the viewers. The first piece is around sketch. So you need to design the app in sketch. And you're doing that with the UI kits. And to sketch a separate product is- Sketch is a separate product. So this sketch, the reason sketch is taken off in the market is because it's 99 bucks and you can use it forever.  Sketch is really like taking the world by storm in the last few years, it's pretty amazing. So yeah, we've created these UI kits in sketch that map to our Angular widgets. Then the next part is we have a cloud service. And in the cloud service is where you get like usability studies and collaboration with stakeholders. So the big thing is I can design something that looks good but do I know, do I know if it, will I know if it works with my users? So that's where the usability studies come into play and I'm gonna show you how to create a usability study today. And that goes up in the cloud and then finally our visual studio part where we have this cool plugin which links up to the cloud and you pick what screens you wanna generate and it splats them out. Cool. Yep, so it's, you know, there's a little bit of code you have to write but you'll see that it's not so bad. And then everything that we're gonna do today you can just download right from the app gallery here. So what I'll do first is bring up Sketch. And this is one of the pre-built apps that we ship with the products. We have a budget app and a people app and then your prototypical iPad slash desktop web or mobile app. You know, they have like maybe three to five screens. There's not a ton of stuff going on. It's more of these point-focused apps that you see today. But the nice thing about this is once you install the UI kits and if you're not familiar with Sketch, the way you install a UI kit is basically you go to your plugins and well, actually we have a plugin too, I'll show you real quick but we have these libraries here and you'll see we have three libraries that begin with Indigo. We have components, patterns and styling. So all of the patterns that map to the widgets we ship and then we've built a bunch of UX patterns like login screens, like news feeds and things like that. So the developer, the designer doesn't have to think about how do I cobble these things together? I just want to drag this onto the form and kind of get started. All right, you want a login screen that looks like every other login screen that people are used to using but why should you have to create it yourself? Exactly. And then we have styling and the nice thing about styling is that the styling library is inherited by everything else that we ship which means if you customize the styling which is all the colors, all the fonts that can be your custom brand and then everything magically changes. So this is where it gets really cool. If you're a developer, you can figure this thing out in no time. If you're a designer, you're already familiar with Sketch so it's not that big of a deal. And then we have a plugin too which allows you to sync with the cloud. So I'll kind of walk through how that works as well. What I want to show first is if in Sketch basically you don't have this toolbox like on Visual Studio which is a right click essentially you have a dropdown which is where you take your symbols and you drag them onto the screen. So we've got our patterns here which is sort of what I mentioned. We've got different avatars and different preset styles with avatars, different checkbox groups, detail forms, file upload, et cetera. Data grids of course, charts and things like that. So those are all preset patterns that you can kind of just drag and drop. And then the components is a much broader list but even the components have a bunch of preset configuration. So you don't really necessarily have to think about how all this works. You can just drag and drop these onto the screen. They're more or less done and you can kind of then see how they look when you generate the code. Now what we've done which is unique to the Sketch UI kits is we've actually created overrides on these libraries which sort of map to properties that are in the UI components. So in your typical on the right hand side here in Sketch these are your typical properties that you would get. Basically has to do with positioning and layout. There's not much more else than that. But if I look at something a little bit richer here I'll zoom in on this grid down here on this budget management screen and we'll kind of take a look at what's going on with this budget screen. And on the right hand side, you've got all of the symbols that make up this screen and sort of just kind of how it would look almost in Visual Studio. It's just rearranged a little bit differently. But you'll notice that this is IGX grid and there's this kind of like little red X next to it. IGX grid is actually the name of our Angular widget. So what happens is Sketch is a file format and we parse this file and we're looking for things in there that say, hey, this is something that we should care about. Let's go generate some code on this thing. And then we kind of decipher all the styling and things like that. What ends up happening is as we click on these individual elements you'll notice on the right hand side we've got this override section. And then the override is where you can actually either swap out the components or change the styling, change the colors. So we've actually added all those properties to the UI kits, Sketch reads it and puts it into the layout nice and easy. Some other neat things here that are happening if I click on a specific cell inside of the grid, you'll notice on the right hand side I've got a data property. So what we're doing is it's not the perfect way to work. If you're a developer it makes perfect sense. If you're a pure designer and you're not used to this stuff you might not know, but we allow you to set events and data properties right in the sketch file. So what that means is when I generate the code it'll just magically data bind. So if I have data in my app and I have like in this case it's gonna be called budget data and budget data has a property called budget. We've got a property called amount down here. Whoops, let me cancel that. We've got amount, et cetera. All of that will just flow through into my generated code. So it ends up being actually pretty sweet. All right, so essentially I would whizzy-wig this, drag and drop. This screen's already done for the sake of time which is probably better to use the preset screen here. But it does show a few things and this is why it's gonna be pretty cool, especially for a developer. It's gonna be responsive. It has a bunch of different widgets on it and it has data. And this is really kind of where you wanna get started. Do we have time to do a very quick brand new screen? With a button and a text box? Click the button and the text box says something or a button and a label? We could actually add an art board here. Yeah, let's do that. So let's add an art board here and I'm not a sketch expert. That's fine. So let's move this out of the way a little bit. But here, if I move this art board over basically what happens in sketch is you're working with art boards. And now I'm gonna drop this down and I can go to a pattern, for example, or a component. So I can grab like a horizontal calendar component and it drags out to the screen. So this is how you start cobbling together screens. And now if I wanna add, now the way this works as well, and keep in mind when I said that the properties that we're getting from sketch are basically around alignment. A lot of the alignment becomes important because when you're doing a responsive design you wanna be able to ensure that when the screen resizes the alignment's correct. It's almost identical to the way it works in Visual Studio with Windows Forms, with WPF. You're setting doc to write, doc to left, stay on the top, pin to the bottom. It's exactly the same. So yeah, we would just go through this process and start adding UI widgets. We could change colors, we could change controls. So like I said earlier, I can go ahead and start changing colors. I can change the font elevations. I can do whatever I want with these properties. So now let's say I'm all happy with this. Life is good, I'm ready to go. I want to either do some usability work with this or get it to my developer to write some code. So we have the plugin up here and I can sync this with the cloud. So I'm gonna go ahead and click publish and our plugin will pop up. And I think I'm logged in, yep I'm logged in. Now the nice thing about this plugin is it will actually let me decide what type of form factor I want to display this in. And in this case I'm gonna do iPad. Up in the cloud we have different workspaces. So in this case I'm gonna put it in my personal workspace but the way this works is you work with teams on projects. So if I'm a UX team, a lot of times in the enterprise the UX team is shared amongst a bunch of different teams. So they might have different workspaces. So I'm gonna put this in my personal workspace and I'm gonna go ahead and click publish. So now this is jumping up to the cloud and this might take a second or two. While that's happening I'll go ahead and open up the browser and I'll show you what the cloud looks like. So here we're gonna go to cloud.indigo design and this is where if I click on the login it would basically allow me to log in and take me right to here. So what happens is in fact there's the budgeting app it's already started to upload. Well what happens is it brings me to my own little workspace here and in my workspace I have all of the prototypes that I've been working on. And from here I can do things like if I select this guy I can edit this prototype and it's going to render all the screens and the nice thing is it's actually if I select this highlight UI elements on the bottom it's actually telling me all of the UI elements that were in the sketch file. So it knows that these are widgets that I can now co-generate which is actually pretty sweet. The other thing this does is in if you remember in that sketch file there was a bunch of arrows flying over the place that's navigation.  So like if I click this little guy here it's going to go to this screen on a tap fade but maybe I want to do it on a flip or something like that. So you can set these properties because the whole idea here is I want to be able to create this screen and I'm going to set this guy as my home. He's already has my home. I want to create all these screens. I want to be able to run this application and do things with it without having to write any code. So at this point I can actually share this with you on your iPad and you can go through it and if you don't like something you can actually add comments to it and say hey this doesn't make sense or whatever.  So this is what's going to happen now. I'm going to Visual Studio Code and what I have here is I have an app or an Angular app I did ng new and it created this Angular app and what I did to it is I added some data. So in your typical application you've got your guys working on data, people working on the UI or a lot of guys are full stack. But anyway, for the purpose of this demo I have data in my app. So what I want to do is I want to generate that main budget screen that we saw.  So this is our plugin. Now what the plugin will do is it will give me a list of prototypes that I have up in the cloud already or I can just paste the URL of the one that I was just working on. So I'm going to grab actually, let me do this, close this out. Let me go back to the cloud here and I'll just show you real quick how you get that URL. Let's say don't publish. So I'm back here. I've got this little link. I'm going to do a Control C and this URL is like I could email to you so you could run this prototype or I can use it to actually generate the code.  And it's going to do this. Is there a way to do this from the local version or does it always have to be in the cloud? Right now it's in the cloud. So we just shipped this piece in June, like end of June. We're actually looking because we have an on-prem version of this and we have a cloud version. So we're looking to get all of this working locally as well so you don't have to always have the cloud. Right, I'm on an airplane. I don't really feel like paying 30 bucks for Go-Go. The issue is, is that we... That's a hypothesis, of course. I'm always happy to pay that. Well, it was 25.99 this morning on my way from Vegas. So that was Alaska Air. But this is the issue is that we want you to be able to do this without a Mac because Sketch is a Mac app, right? So if you wanna do this on a PC, you need to somehow parse that Sketch file and Sketch has these command line tools that allow us to do that in the cloud. So there's a little bit of complication there but we're working on some things now which are completely removing the need to use a Mac for using Sketch. Oh, okay. So stay tuned for that. That's good to know. Maybe early Q1 will be talking about that. But anyway, this is actually pretty sweet. What this does is it brings me all the same screens that I had earlier and I have the same experience. As I hover, you can see on the right-hand side, it's showing me these areas that are in the screen. So now I want to create this budget screen. And the budget screen, the way we've done this is because it's angular, just like if it was WPF or any other product, you would have your own class files, you would have your module names, you would have your dataset names. So you can customize whatever you want from here. We're gonna pull things in from the Sketch file. So if you recall, the data source was called budget data. It just brings it right in. The name of the module was test module and the name of the screen was budget screen. We also allow you to change a few other things in the code generation settings, like how your linters work and all this other stuff. We're not gonna mess with any of that. I'm just gonna go ahead and click generate code assets. So what this does now is it just takes a simple JSON file up to the cloud and says, hey, here's what they asked for. Now bring me down my code. So now we're actually adding the code. You'll notice here, this folder just appeared and now I've got all this code that was just generated. So I'll format this document and you can see that this was the grid that was in Sketch. And if you recall, when I showed you the cell of field names, they all came across as well as the name of the dataset. So budget data is already in my application. And so this just brings it all up and then here's all of the other UI that's on this screen. I think that's just so cool because you, yes, there's some prerequisites. Sketch works on a Mac. But if you think about the one-time investment in buying a Mac, right? And now what you're going to get is the ability to pretty quickly, and obviously there's a learning curve, but reasonably quickly put together a screen, show it to people and then generate that exact same screen, right? You've got the colors, the padding, the height, 184 px. It's pixel perfect. Right, and you're literally delivering what you showed them. So for a modest, in the grand scheme of things, a modest upfront cost, this is tremendous. Well, here's the cool thing. The designers already have Macs, right? So the developers, they need a browser. And a lot of developers have Macs these days. Well, I go to these conferences now and all the rock stars are using Macs. Like, so I want to be like those guys. So I'm going to go buy me a Mac. Even I have one. It's not just the rock stars. Why didn't you tell me that before, man? I have one. So now let me open up the browser.  So now this one's running at local host 4200. And so this was the screen. Now there's no data here, right? So if you remember earlier, I said there, you might have to write a little bit of code. So what we do though is we help you along the way. So if I go to the actual code behind, the type script for this, we've actually added the import statement for you because we've read the sketch file and we know, and we're going to assume that there is something called budget data because that's what you call it. We also know that you're going to want an instance of that. So we have added that code for you in the code generator. The only thing we don't do is actually fill that object up to populate it. So here we'll just tell it to do a new instance of that guy. And there we go. And we'll just call populate and populate and we're done. We'll save this out. And now we'll go back and magically everything shows up. And in the sketch file, we actually use, we read the glyphs in the header. And based on what the glyph is, we will do something like this, which is essentially add a filter dialogue. So when you look at this guy here, if we zoom in a little bit again, you'll notice that there's a glyph here and that is going to make this a filter UI because that's what that means to this design. So essentially this was a whirlwind tour of how you can go from design to the cloud to code and it is pixel perfect. Awesome. That's tremendous. Pretty slick. So how much of what you showed so far is in the free version? So the UI kits are free forever. So you can design with free forever. The code generator is not in the free version. It's a trial version. And the cloud stuff is in the free version as well. So everything in the cloud and the UI kit.  Like you don't wanna buy the product because you're not doing anything else. With this product, you get all of the design stuff, the UI kits, all the cloud stuff, all the usability studies, collaboration, plus all of our angular widgets. So if you're familiar with infragistics, like our WPF and Windows Forms products. Oh, who isn't? Yes, exactly. The angular stuff is basically the same thing. Although that episode we did on the controls was many years ago. We did something at Build like five years ago, I think. Yeah, it was a lot of fun. But yeah, so you can try it today if you just go to infragistics.com or indigo.design, everything's there for you to test out. Fantastic, that's awesome. And then if you're not doing angular, then you've patiently and impatiently wait for you guys to extend that. Yeah, and we're actively, we are racing to other platforms and racing to remove the Mac restriction. So we have many, many people working on that right now. It's a big priority for us. I mean, I understand why you would do it for places where people are green-filled. Like there are a lot of people getting started with Angular. A lot of people getting started with Xamarin. There aren't as many people necessarily getting started with WPF. There's a lot of existing apps, but it's gonna be way harder to redesign an existing app that already has UI written, already has code written than it is to start from scratch here, right?  You add obviously the business logic, you have to write yourself, but that's fine. But the UI, you wouldn't necessarily even have to ever code. You just go back into the sketch and remove things around and do it that way. Yes, yeah, that's what happens. I'd love to see a Xamarin version. Like I said, we're racing to other platforms, but the big thing for us, I think from the developer perspective is removing the sketch dependencies. And that's really, once we do that and I can have my PC here or whatever computer and I don't need the Mac, it'll really open it up. And so we're gonna do, we're doing that first. We're actually kind of doing that a little further ahead of some other platforms, but Q1 maybe next year, maybe around the build timeframe will. But, you know, I know it's easy for me to say because it's not my money, but if you think about it, you buy a Mac, even if you buy it yourself, right? Couple grand, 1500 bucks, I don't know how expensive a Mac you have to buy, but let's say it's a couple grand, right? Two grand. Okay. To not have to hire a designer. Oh, the ROI. It's gonna charge you more than two grand. Yeah, the ROI's huge. To be able to deliver these apps, your bonus is probably gonna be more than two grand because you're now such a rock star. It actually probably pays for it, could pay for itself, even if you have to shell out from your own pocket. The fact that, It's easy for me to tell other people what to do with their money, but. But you're exactly right. This is WYSIWYG'ing, a beautiful experience that will be pixel perfect. So the ROI is huge, 48% of development apps is spent on the UI. And then 80% of maintenance downstream is based on UI mess ups. It's also a business opportunity. If you got good at this, because you could be an independent designer working with developers, right? And especially if you know Angular, so you can talk to developer talk, just do the design aspect for them. Well, and that's why that whole part of the product. It opens up a lot of opportunities. Yeah, that part of the product is free with the UI kits and the design piece because that is exactly it. You know, Robert, you want to just design apps, right? And you're going to get hired out by these big companies. And it's like, here, I shared it in this workspace in the cloud, you guys have license, go grab it. And then you're done. Your work is done, but they save all that time. And if you think about it, going back to this code, this CSS is. Yeah, how long would it take you to learn how to do that? Just forget about it, you can't. You're never going to do it. Exactly. And then one last thing I'll just highlight is we do have tons of videos and tons of docs. So even if you are like, hey, I don't know anything about anything, we've got these video tutorials that will walk you through every aspect of being a designer, figuring how to do the code. And then by each component, we drill down and we go through every single component, how to style it, and then what the code would look like. So we're really trying to be proactive about the documentation, so you can be successful with the product. Cool, that's awesome. Thanks for showing us this. Thank you, Robert. All right, hope you enjoyed that. And we will see you next time on Visual Studio Toolbox. Thank you.


Hi everybody it's Sam here thank you for watching my tutorial today I'm going to be showing you how to make this really lovely gift bag so this is for Mother's Day but of course just swap out the mum you can have this for any occasion change the papers and it can be more of a masculine make as well if you want but I always like to make an unusual closure or shape when I do my gift bag so this one I have these two pieces that I've added onto the top and then I've kind of attached them using that ribbon so really nice size you've got lots of space in there let me show you how to make it the paper pad I'm using today is the vintage dreams I picked this up from the range about 12 weeks ago it was before Christmas when I got this one so it may still be available I know lots of the range stores stock different styles of the craft sensations paper pads but you may also find it online places like the works may also have it as well so to make this gift bag you'll want two pieces of 12 by 12 so I've just picked out this lovely floor pattern here and you do get a wood grain on the back as well so if it's a directional paper make sure it's the right way up and you're going to score eight and eleven and a half and then you're going to rotate it and you're going to score it three and a half okay so that's all the scoring you need to do with those pieces and then for the side attachments I guess this is how it's going to end up looking so you'll want two pieces that are five and a half by three and three eighths of an inch I've come in one eighth of an inch smaller than the three and a half inch width just so that this sits in nicely on the side so three and three eighths by five and a half along the five and a half side you want to score it half an inch three inches and five inches then pop it back along the short side and you're going to score at one pass the first score line and down to the second then if you just flip it over and then score again down to the second score line so don't worry like I said they're cut lines so don't worry that the score lines are different ways it's just a guide for where you need to cut so you want to do that on both pieces so that is all the scoring done next you want to fold and burnish all of your score lines okay so with that half inch tab on the right hand side you'll have this three and a half inch section here so that's one of the sides of the bag and you've got this large section here with the other score line at the bottom so we've got this kind of square shape here it's within this piece here where we want to create that oval shape here now you don't have to add this section if you don't want to you can have it completely straight it's entirely up to you now the way I got this is by using this large die from the card making magic A5 oval dies and what I did is if I flip this over because I think it's going to be easier for you to sit mind you though it blends in with my background there possibly not let me grab some white paper there we go I've got a bit of white card stock just so you can see where we're working so you don't want you want to ignore the half inch tab you want to ignore this three and a half side like I said you're just running it from that corner to the end here so first of all I went along and I just laid this down so that the oval shape hit the point to point okay and I just drew with a pencil and then I just cut around that now what I can do with that same one is line it up on this piece here so make sure you've got the same tab there that three and a half side and I can just lay that over the top I don't want to use a circle you might want to just cut down maybe more of a square shape like come in one inch from each side and then come down or like a little rectangle and I have so many different styles of kind of finishes with gift bags and I'll share my gift bag playlist because you may well want to have a little look at that you know to get some more inspiration but that's how I created that shape along the top and with my scissors I'm going to remove the pencil line you can always rub anything out I'm just going to very neatly cut around that shape so next we want to do some cutting so you've got that half inch tab here on the right hand side again and then down here you'll have this score line you just want to cut up to that score line there so you're just removing that tiny little section like so and then you'll have another score line here again just cut up to the first score line there fold that one away and then just take a wedge off of each side it just means you won't have anything sticking out and then also take a wedge off of there and off of here now you may take a bit more off the top one in a moment because you might still see it when we attach it because obviously we've got such a thin amount at the top here so next I'm going to grab my glue and I'm just going to run some glue down the tab now also you might want to stick the side pieces on whilst it's still flat these are going to go in the top here but I think it's fine to do when you've put it all together so next you want to line up this base score line here make sure it runs perfectly with the next one as you see it kind of goes over here we can just trim and follow that curve in a moment once it's all dry so that's now dry and I'm just going to just follow the curve like so when you fold it over you'll see you get a nice join there you just want to repeat that on the other side so I'm going to fold this over again grab my glue and then all you need to do is bring that side down and the whole thing will line up it should lay completely flat and again I always say when I make my gift bags if you do want to make them now and store them away for later then don't stick the base down so when I go to stick this down in a moment you just skip that part you can still add all the decoration on the top if you need them because I know a lot of people like to make gift bags and maybe favour bags for weddings, hem parties for the bridesmaids for children's parties all kinds of things so it's a good way to store them until you need them and again just trimmed off that little bit there so now you can see we've got the start of that gift bag coming together so now I am going to stick my base down so it's going to make it easier to add the top decide which one you want to be the front or the back my patterns are exactly the same and I have got my top are going over this so I'm not too worried so I'm going to keep this one as the front here so this piece I'm going to stick down last so I'm going to stick the opposite one down first now depending on the weight of your cardstock you may feel that yours is a bit too light you know it's a lightweight card this one here actually let me just see what this is it's a 250gsm you can just see here which is brilliant but if you did feel that you wanted to add a bit more strength then you could put another sheet of maybe a 300gsm 110 pound cardstock in the bottom here or you could lay some greyboard in there it's entirely up to you I'm going to use Kalao with this and the gift that I've got going in here isn't very heavy so you know I'm not too worried but now's a good time to add any strength on top of this one and then it will be sandwiched in between all these other layers so then I'm going to pop down the sides pop some glue back on the top here so yeah if you are new to my channel I have loads of gift bags so if you do like to make packages I've got some lovely gift bag and gift box playlists so now you can just go in there you've got lots of room it's a really nice spacious gift bag maybe tissue paper to go on top or some white tissue paper either will look nice but that will now just dry nice and stiff so it will become very strong that's now done so next we've got these pieces here so you want to cut you've got this half inch here and then you've got where we've done all that scoring at this end that half inch side face away from you so you're working on this end here and you're going to cut down the score line down to the second and again pass the first score line and down to the second and then what you're going to do is cut from there down to the top of this score line here now if you would rather draw a pencil lay your ruler down first but if you've got these long scissors which I absolutely love then you can just do it in one kind of go and again I'm just going to come from the bottom here and I'm just going to line it up until I get to that point like so now this score line and this score line they're really just a guide you don't have to burnish them along with this one actually none of the score lines you need to burnish what I will do is add a little curve into this top section I've kind of done that one there we go we're next going to add some glue along here so again I'm going to bring in the quick grab glue and I'm just going to run that along here and then we're going to stick this inside and just use that score line as a guide so you get it nice and straight again depending on what you're putting in here the cloud glue would be great because that will become very very strong so you'll be able to put something heavier in there and you could also extend this longer so you stick more of it in here there's no reason why you couldn't do the whole kind of height of this that would also reinforce the sides but it would then ensure that if you did put something heavier in it it's going to be able to hold so next I'm going to do the same with the opposite side so you should have something like that next you're going to just what would be best to do is pop some glue behind here where we've got that other score line so just within that section and then you're going to stick it on the score line like so and it will hide behind there and you'll just see you get a nice finish so again just pop some glue just on there and then I'm just going to lay that down and you should have that's why it's good to put the little curve in with your bone folder or ruler or something you want to have that loop you want that to be round because you're going to thread your ribbon through there and again just repeat on this side okay so it has something like that next you want to grab your ribbon I think this is going to be long enough it was a piece of leftover from another project so you just want to thread your ribbon through and then you just kind of want to bring it together but it is also going to act as your handle so you know probably put your hand there so you can kind of get an idea and then you just want to tie a bow and then I'm going to finish it off with my topper so using those same oval dies I just picked out the sizes that I wanted and I have die cut the word mum using my chunky alphabet die set and I like to add foam behind mine so I've got this lovely thick foam here and I just die cut again using the foam and I've just stuck the blue over the top there using some foam and I'm going to have mum and then I've gone ahead and I have die cut a dragonfly which is from I think it was free in a magazine I want to say it was a card making magic one but it was just one here so if anybody recognises that let me know because I think that's where it was from but obviously you can have anything I was going to use a butterfly but I thought I always use butterflies let's go for a dragonfly and then I've taken these flowers the box number it doesn't give the number of this one oh yes it does sorry box number six there we go and I just took the flower dies from there and I've die cut them with some blue vellum on the top and then the same navy blue card stock I'm going to have one up in that left corner and then I'm going to have two down here and then I'm going to have the dragonfly kind of coming in like so so I'm going to stick all that down off with these two colours of the jewel drops I wanted something quite subtle so I'm using here grey mist because it will pick out that lovely grey colour there and steel blue and we'll add that right at the end so I'm going to go get this stuck down so there's my top I think it looks absolutely stunning you imagine once that tissue paper is coming out the top and then I always like my new vellum drops and I was looking at some of the ones I've not used for one I've got the jewel drops here and these just basically have a very subtle colour they will dry quite clear you can see the lovely little dots that you get and I'm just going to do just a few I like to do different sizes and it just fills in any kind of white space that you might have sometimes if you've made a project and you think oh it just needed something else these dots are just brilliant so I'm just using that very subtle grey colour try and have old numbers so I've got six there so I'm going to add another smaller one just there but you could obviously bring more in fact I will I think I'm going to bring a few more down here let's do a large if you go as big as that then it's going to take a bit longer to dry but if you do the small ones they're dry within about half an hour they don't take too long I also feel it needs a little bit of shine so you could use your sparkle pen but I'm going to use my glossy accent because I'm addicted to the stuff so I'm literally going to go over the letters here and I always say it will go on cloudy if you go quite thick but it will dry completely clear so I'm just pushing it right up into the corners it's very thick so it's not going to really kind of drip off the edges so you can get a nice almost looks like resin ok so there you can see now that lovely shine and dimension that you get just think it looks so good and then the Nuva drops are just drying nicely you get all that dimension there and I've got some sparkle with the little gems in the centers of the flowers there as well so there you have it a really nice size gift bag can't wait to just get some tissue paper and to fill this one this isn't going to my mum so don't worry mum if you're watching this is going to be given to somebody else but of course just swap that out and you can have this for any occasion so I hope you've enjoyed this tutorial today I will link up if I haven't already the other playlist for the other gift bags that I've got and also gift boxes on my channel and also check out the other Mother's Day playlist because I've got I think I'm on the fourth or the fifth year now of doing Mother's Day projects so there's a lot there if you do want some more inspiration and there'll be some tutorials popping up now that you may want to watch next if you haven't subscribed and you've enjoyed today's tutorial please hit the subscribe button and hit the notification bell and that way you'll be notified every time I upload a new tutorial thanks for watching and I'll be back again soon bye


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Patriot Prime Reviews is a channel for adult collectors and may not be suitable for children under 13 years of age. Viewer discretion is advised. Hey, what's going on guys? Patriot Prime here once again with another ToyHacks.com sponsored review. But before I get started, I need you guys to do me a favor. If you're watching this video right here and are not a subscriber of Patriot Prime Reviews, please consider hitting that subscribe button right now. It won't cost you a thing but will help me and my channel out tremendously. Now, on to the decals. And the set we're looking at in this video is for War for Cybertron Kingdom Beast Megatron. This decal set includes three decal sheets, one on foil and two on vinyl backing. So now, without further ado, let's take a look at Megatron both before and after ToyHacks decals. And welcome to Patriot Prime Reviews. Yes. In robot mode, straight out of the packaging, Megatron looks great. Tons of sculpted details and quite a few different paint applications. Taking a closer look at the figure. Here on the head he has a green Predacon logo right in the middle of the forehead. Dark red eyes, purple face, silver right here for the chest spikes. Dark gray for the center of the chest and he does have silver chest vents. For the ab area, he does have dark gray. Moving on down to the legs, we got silver discs right here for the thighs. And dark purple right there. And dark purple for the hip cannons. Moving on down, more great sculpted details. I love the feel of the dino skin. I know a lot of people didn't really like that rubber stuff over the plastic, but I think it's awesome.  I mean, lots and lots of great details on this figure.  All in all, a fantastic looking robot mode. And I cannot wait to see what Toy Hacks does for him. So there you go guys, Beast Megatron in robot mode before and after. Megatron gets quite a few new decals to help accent his robot mode. Taking a closer look at the figure, we'll start here with the head. He gets brand new red reflective eye decals. I love how those catch the light. That is so cool. There's new decals up here on the shoulders and a lot of new decals for the chest area. And I really like how that looks. They're black decals with a silver outline and they just really make the chest pop. They're all up here on the chest and the ab area. He also gets a new blue decal right there in the center. New decals here on the sides. Dino head out of the way to extend the black here on the abs to go around more toward the back. There are different decals for both sides. Now the ones on this side are kind of smaller to make room for this section. So be aware of which decals you're putting on. He also gets a new belt buckle and you do have options. I picked one that kind of looks like a diamond. Here are the other two. One's more purple, one's more pink. So you got different looks right there. You also have options for decals here on the sides. I chose kind of a shiny pink. You also have a shiny blue. But I just, my opinion, I like how the pink looks. On the thighs, whoops, lost my tip. He gets new silver decals for the legs and blue decals right there in those little circle areas. And I love how that looks. That really makes the legs pop. Moving on down to the lower legs. You do get decals. Where are they? Right there that cover those pins. I didn't get that one centered too good. There we go. So you have these purple decals that cover the pin holes right there. So you don't have those chrome pins shining through. Here on the claw arm, you get decals right there on the backside and decals right there near the front. The arms section gets black decals right there and a silver decal up top near the elbow. There's also a decal right there that also covers up the chrome pin. Now right here, he gets new decals that cover up the purple section that was right there that blends in with the green here on the tail. And if you flip that around, there's a decal right there that blends in with the tan on the underside. That used to be purple. So now it's more of a collar blend. That'll work really well in dinosaur mode. Megatron also gets new decals there for the back of the helmet to make it look like the helmet goes all the way around. I'm not a real big fan of these because I think there is just way too many purple gaps, but it's an option if that's what you want to do. Over here on the dinosaur arm, there is another one of those silver chrome highlight decals. For the eyes, you get pupils. You have options. You have yellow pupils or black. I decided to go with yellow. It just makes you look more evil. And there's a decal right there that goes into that port. If I can get the focus in, it's a reflective purple. So all in all, I was really surprised with how many decals that Beast Wars Megatron was able to get thanks to toy hacks. So there you go. Beast Wars Megatron in robot mode after. The toy hacks decal set for Transformers War for Cybertron Kingdom Beast Megatron really impressed me. I already love this figure as he was, but these toy hacks decals really make this figure pop. Especially the decals for the chest and the thighs. I love how those look. Not a huge fan of the decals for the helmet, but still it's an option if that's what you want to do. Now an optional decal that I failed to show off was these little rubber ducky decals. So you could give him a rubber ducky sticker somewhere if you'd like. Now guys, if you enjoyed the video, don't forget to like. Don't forget to subscribe. And don't forget to click that bell icon to get notified when I upload new reviews. Once again, this is Patriot Prime, signing out. Hey, what?


I am the representative from the British Broadcast Corporation.  That you would be foolish enough to render yourself unarmed. Always important to look for moments like these. Oh, that's actually a good one. You got a pen. Oh, there are too many of us here and too much going on. We all need to take a chill pill. I believe this is what you were truly after. Hidden beneath the throne itself. Never allow yourself to be distracted by trivial things. No matter.  Good luck doing that from the great beyond.  Oh, my employers did not mention this. Not ideal, but it should be worth it. You just had to go and say it, didn't you? Little retreat of Sassan! Wait, wait for me! Traveller! Mr. Chicken, come on! Mr. Who? So, dear boy, no chance this... It's not your time. You've got to get out of here.  But what of you? I will fight this foul beast in your name. Oh, you brave soul. I shall see you soon. Oh, thank God I can be myself again. Where in the name of Amelia Jessica Pott have you two been? It's now the best time. Smith? I've clearly missed a lot. Don't forget to subscribe to the efficient Jack Reef's YouTube channel.


Five What's up money geeks? Mr. V here. Welcome to another video guys So in this video we are going to talk about our top five stocks for the week So again a lot of these stocks or stocks that I'm looking at that has momentum or has some sort of catalyst That can push them this week So you can decide if you want to go in and hold these ones or you can go in and just swing trade them But again, I want to caution you that a lot of these stocks are meant for trading So you can trade them this week, but if you want to hold them long term They have good opportunities for long term and usually when I discuss long term Stacks I do them individually. I don't I don't group them like this. So this is just for trading So before we get started guys if you're new to the channel, we talk about how to earn money How to save money how to invest and build wealth So that's something that interests you go ahead and hit that subscribe button and the notification bell So you don't miss out on new content. So before we get started guys with the stocks I want to kind of point something out for you guys if you can see here Bitcoin over the weekend actually hit over $61,000 which is crazy because we've seen Bitcoin with his high volatility Go back and forth and but if you look at the graph consistently from last year Bitcoin has just been riding up and up and up So you would see some pullbacks here But after each pullback is squeezes all the way up So if you can look the chart here and this might even help you if you want to actually trade Bitcoin this might be a good chart that would guide you do that So if you see here, we had this move from January of 2021 You know pulled back down in February a little bit squeeze all the way up to about 57 58,000 and then pull back down to maybe around that 45 and then now squeeze all the way to 61 62 so again now sitting up there if you look at this we might see another right up before pulling back So the reason why I'm explaining this to you is because some of the stocks I'm going to show you here Stocks are gonna benefit from the move of Bitcoin. So let's jump right into the different stocks The first one I want to talk here is Riot blockchain so I've actually talked about this talk here on the channel a lot and if you guys notice Each time Bitcoin is moving our Bitcoin is console dating I'm telling you guys to load up on this because as soon as as soon as Bitcoin starts to make a move The stocks are gonna move. So riot was gonna make a move because of what the Bitcoin is doing Bitcoin hit that high All-time high of $61,000. You're gonna see riot is also gonna reflect that movement Come this week. So keep an eye on riot the second one. I want to show you guys here is Mara Mara. So again, this is another one that I've talked here on the channel again Bitcoin is making a move so you're gonna see a time anticipating that these guys are gonna reflect that movement in Bitcoin people are gonna Really favor this one because of the movement that Bitcoin is doing and the reason guys, maybe I didn't explain this Because I would have to explain this a lot when I cover these stocks is because these stocks are mining stocks So riot does mining of Bitcoin So if you go to their website, you can actually see see they have all these mining rigs that you can see here This is what generates income for them So what mining does is that they actually process all the transactions that you see on the blockchain They process that and the faster the process and the quicker the process they get paid for that and Bitcoin So that's what these companies do So again as you see Bitcoin go up the companies that are in the process of mining Bitcoin They're gonna be making good money too and you see the price of the stock go up So same thing with maritime patent group. They do the same thing as we see with big with riot So the next one here is take a symbol See and and I've talked about is can I've talked about is here the same thing the same movement These guys are also Mining Bitcoin so you would see that reflection In the price of the stock and then the next one I want to cover here for you guys is EBA NG so e-bang so the ticket symbol is e-b-o-n For this one these guys are I think this is gonna jump a lot this week Not just because of Bitcoin because they produce machines or all the tools that people used to mine bitcoins But now this week they also announced that they're gonna start their own crypto exchange Which is gonna drive the price of the stock up So they want to start doing their own crypto exchange and the thing is they announced that they're gonna start that The better phase of that's gonna start on March 15, which is this Monday So anticipate a good squeeze off of this one. I'm anticipating that this thing is gonna jump early No market open maybe pre-market. You're gonna see this thing go up to like 13 or $14 before even pulling back At market open for squeezing back up again So if you can get this one early in the morning first thing, this is gonna this one definitely is gonna jump Because of the news that's coming they have not just the fact that they have stuff with Bitcoin But the fact they are also going to start that better phase of their own Exchange and the launch date is March 15, which is Monday. So keeping an eye on this one This thing is gonna squeeze Really really good and this will be benefiting from Bitcoin moving as well as them getting into Launching their own exchange and the exchange there would be just where you buy and sell bitcoins would be that kind of market So keep an eye on it and then the next one and a half year for you guys is CCIV This is just your capital and this is because They are in the process of going taking lucid models public So if you guys already know this stock has been in the news lately a lot because of No, just churchy capital and lucid merging lucid is a competitor to Tesla Supposedly and they are doing even more by doing luxury vehicles not just your average sedan So this past week to weekend if you see here the CEO Peter Rollins actually took one of the lucid air Vehicles or sedan for a test drive, which is the first time they've actually done it in public without any camouflage Usually the camouflage to vehicles so people don't really know what it is to go test it But now like you can actually see he has a full video that you can check out that you can actually see the actual Car driving in California. So definitely keep an eye on this one I anticipate that this this thing is gonna squeeze up a little bit It's been slowly making its way back up since we had that massive pullback So I anticipate that move to continue up again. This is based on the fact that if markets stay Strong this week and I'm just reading that that no features actually looking good So we might see a really good squeeze on the upside with the markets this week So keep an eye on CC IV and then the last one. I want to show you guys here is a pellet here Again, this one is a artificial intelligence company I really like pulling to you in our invest has been buying a lot of pulling to you Because I mean obviously for the fact that the company has a huge upside Ticket symbol here is PLTR if you can see here again I anticipate this one to go test that 28 29 dollars and then you know if you can take profit there Wait for a pullback and then repeat and raise that would be it in mind It wouldn't even surprise me if this thing take it to go and try to break 30 But 28 29 is a realistic price range for this one if you want to Quick trade this one. That's what I'm anticipating for for this one So again, just a quick recap here five stocks. I'm watching this week guys The first one here is riot on the catalyst and what I'm seeing here is that Bitcoin? He's made an all-time high of over 61,000 dollars. And so you would see companies that are doing Bitcoin mining who're gonna reflect the fact that the price of Bitcoin is going up So riot is number one number two is m a r a same thing bit Bitcoin mining Number three is can see and same thing in that same space Bitcoin mining number four here is E-Bank tickets and was ebo and again this one is reflecting the fact that they produce Equipments used for mining Bitcoin and they are launching their own better Exchange for cryptocurrency trading. So are they launching it this week March 15 So that's a good catalyst for this talk to kind of see an upside and then churchy capital with lucid model again They actually the CEO of lucid actually made and a test drive of the vehicle of the lucid a Without any camouflage for the public to actually see what's going there and finally pellet here It's getting just a good stock. Let's be moving in the right direction And again act invest is continue to load on this and the stock is getting more publicity So anticipate this one to make a move to on the upside So those are the five stocks again Let me know in the comment section if you do have any questions if you're new to the channel We talk about how to earn money how to save money how to invest and build wealth So that's something that interests you go ahead and hit that subscribe button and the notification bell So you don't miss out on new content Also, if you are looking to get started with investing guys We both doing your promotion where if you sign up and deposit a hundred dollars You get some free stocks links in the description below and as always guys do your due diligence Don't be a greedy savage and stay motivated You


Well, good morning everybody. I'm delighted that you have all been able to join us and this is obviously a very wonderful occasion. I've been enjoying the terrific discussion and now we have the opportunity to recognize Mark Siegler as the recipient of the McLean Center Prize in Clinical Medical Ethics for 2020. So this is a recognition not just for Mark but also for the Center and for the leadership that Mark has provided for the Center and the leadership that the Center has provided in the field of clinical medical ethics. Mark, as you know, is a professor in the Department of Medicine at the University of Chicago. He is the Linda Bergman Professor and he became the founding director of the McLean Center in 1984. The Center was started with support from the late Dorothy Jean McLean, a generous philanthropist and grateful patient of Dr. Siegler's and after Dorothy Jean's passing some years later, her son Barry and his late wife, Mary Ann McLean, continued to support the Center which was very successful in raising additional foundation and philanthropic support. And under Mark's leadership the Center has had a profound impact on the role of clinical medical ethics in the practice of medicine, not just at the University of Chicago but nationally and internationally and notable accomplishments include the following. So I think that Mark and the Center really pioneered, named and then developed this concept of a clinical field of medical ethics that transformed what was prior to that sort of theoretical non-clinical work of bioethicists, obviously very substantial work, into applications for clinical practice that are now used broadly by practicing physicians. Clinical medical ethics aims as we all know to improve the clinical and ethical quality of care and should be practiced routinely by clinicians in their daily encounters with patients. And I think that in significant measure Mark made a disproportionate contribution and the McLean Center made a disproportionate contribution. I think that this is you know something that is broadly achieved across many clinical fields. Now in addition to that the Center with Mark as the leader developed practical clinical medical ethics guidelines on issues such as truth-telling, informed consent, confidentiality, shared decision making and end-of-life care. These guidelines have made important contributions to the current legal and professional standard of care in the United States. Another really critical innovation was the extremely successful clinical medical ethics fellowship training program that since 1984 has trained more than 450 fellows and we currently have 39 additional fellows in this year's class. In recognition of this Dr. Siegler recently received the Harvey M. Meyerhoff leadership in bioethics award from Johns Hopkins University and the award stated the fellowship training program established by the McLean Center has had a greater impact than any other clinical ethics program in the world. And the impact is obviously enormous because many of the former fellows and many of you are on this call today and faculty are leaders of ethics programs worldwide and have contributed more than 200 books and thousands of peer-reviewed journal publications. Currently fellow service directors of clinical ethics programs in the US, Canada, South America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Australia and China. In 2013 the McLean Center received the prestigious Cornerstone award from the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities for outstanding contributions from an institution that has helped shape the direction of the field of bioethics. Now in addition to that Mark pioneered the development of an ethics consultation service and since 1984 in our hospital this service has advised our physicians on about 3,000 complicated cases involving difficult ethical issues. In addition the center and Mark have been at the forefront of the field of surgical ethics in close cooperation with the American College of Surgeons and serves on the Ethics Committee of the American College of Surgeons from 1993 until the present time. Mark also established this conference, the McLean Conference, more recently the annual McLean Center Prize, the annual McLean Lecture Series and the unparalleled 80 lecture summer intensive course. So these educational programs have allowed us to invite former fellows and leading scholars to visit the University of Chicago and to recognize their vitally important contributions to the field of clinical medical ethics. Mark has written more than 300 journal articles and book chapters and eight books and his textbook co-authored with Al Johnson and William Winslade Clinical Ethics, a practical approach to ethical decisions in clinical medicine was originally published in 1982. It's currently in its eighth edition and has been translated into 11 languages and a ninth edition is in the works. Mark was elected master of the American College of Physicians and is an outstanding physician and teacher who's taken care of countless members of our faculty, staff, members of our boards of trustees and we're truly fortunate to have benefited from such a visionary physician as a member of our faculty who not only has had an impact on direct administration of patient care but also in his contribution to this field of clinical medical ethics. Among Mark's distinguished awards are a lifetime achievement award from the American Society of Bioethics and Humanities and the distinguished educator and mentor award from the University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences Division. He was chosen to serve as a member of Princeton Board of Trustees. So please join me in recognizing and congratulating Dr. Siegler on his extraordinary accomplishments and in thanking him for his many contributions not just to the university but to American and international medicine and for the impact that he has had on this field and on the careers of so many of us who are here today. So congratulations Mark it's a great pleasure to be here to welcome you to this virtual podium and we are looking forward to your remarks. Congratulations. I can't thank you enough. In fact you've said so many wonderful things that I could just skip my talk right now and conclude our meeting but I thank you for honoring me with this year's McLean Prize for your warm and kind introduction. All of us are deeply grateful for your superb leadership especially in the midst of the current pandemic and also for your continued support of the McLean Center and of the field of clinical medical ethics. And John Lantos who is the Associate Director of the McLean Center for almost 20 years. I earlier was deeply moved by your praise of the work that I've been trying to do during the 50 years of my career and the 36 or 37 years that I've directed the McLean Center. Good morning to everyone. I'm thrilled to be with you all although this is the first McLean conference in 32 years to be a virtual one. I'm enormously proud and humbled to contemplate the amazing community of clinicians and scholars and board members that make up our McLean Center. I want to express my deep thanks to Kimberly Connor, Yolanda Yu and Renana Dine for their invaluable assistance throughout the year and for helping to organize this weekend's virtual conference. Yolanda you have a future in video production. You work tirelessly along with the video producer Eric Lindholm and with his company Vantage AV. In accepting the McLean Prize I must thank all of you. Dean Polanski, Barry McLean, Rachel Kohler, the McLean Center faculty colleagues and especially my dedicated associate and assistant directors of the Center and the more than 500 current fellows. Or maybe as Ken says it's 450 plus 39, almost 500 fellows but today we have helped to create and build the field of clinical medical ethics. That field would not exist today without clinicians who over the past 50 years have embraced the central principle of clinical medical ethics which is here is the central principle that every routine encounter between a doctor and a patient involves practical, clinical, ethical issues. Kenneth mentioned most of them. There are many such issues like truth telling, informed consent, confidentiality, surrogate decision making, the risks, benefits and alternatives to surgical and medical procedures and sadly end of life care. As clinical medical ethicists we are committed to personal humane and compassionate care through active listening and communication and mutual respect between the doctor and the patient. I'm deeply proud of the way clinical medical ethics has helped change and strengthen clinical medicine in the United States and how clinical medical ethics has improved the clinical and ethical quality of care and patient outcomes. Today I'm going to discuss four topics during my talk. The first is the origin of the field of clinical medical ethics. The second is the goal and methods of clinical medical ethics. The third is the contribution of the McLean Center at the university in extending the field of clinical medical ethics and finally fourth how the field of clinical medical ethics has improved all fields of medical practice, medicine, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, psychiatry and others. Let me begin with the first part. What were the origins of clinical medical ethics? In 1972 when I joined the University of Chicago faculty the chair of medicine Dr. Al Tarloff asked me if I would establish and direct our hospital's first medical intensive care unit, a MICU. In those days there were very few MICUs in Chicago or in the country largely because there were very few effective ventilators and the specialty of critical care medicine did not yet exist. In fact the first American board of certification exam in critical care medicine did not occur until 1987, 15 years after we had opened our MICU. In time MICUs became one of the great medical and technological advances that saved and prolonged lives and in the process of intensive care raised new and unaddressed ethical questions that clinicians had never before encountered. Serving as the only MICU attending and I served for 12 months of the year from 1972 to 1977 changed my career directions. Let me explain that. Our seven bed MICU received the sickest adult patients in the hospital. We didn't have the effective volume vents that we have these days. Our mortality rate was over 60%. Each day my team and I confronted ethical issues such as how to allocate our limited number of beds, how to negotiate informed consent, when to seek surrogate consent, how to decide whether or not it was ethically acceptable to withdraw a treatment after we had started it and how to communicate a truthful often painful prognosis to the patient or to the family. My previous training in medicine had not prepared me for this problem, problems that arose every day in the MICU. Faced with these complicated situations my house staff and students and I discovered that there was no easy place to turn to to find answers to these kinds of difficult questions on behalf of patients and families and of the medical team. The medical literature and textbook did not discuss these matters. There was a new literature in biomedical ethics that had started around 1965. This body of bioethics scholarship was written largely by brilliant non-clinician bioethicists, that is by philosophers, theologians, legal scholars, social scientists. Bioethics literature and the theoretical language of bioethics rarely focused on or addressed the practical concerns that clinicians generally faced or the specific concerns that we faced in the MICU, our students, residents, nurses and attendings while caring for critically ill patients. Bioethical theory in those days was rarely applied clinically to resolve the practical dilemmas clinicians faced in caring for patients. One frequent clinical ethical challenge in our seven bed MICU involved when if ever was it clinically and ethically appropriate to move a patient who was already in the MICU out of the unit because a new patient had a better chance of benefiting and surviving. Because MICUs was so new at the time, there was little advanced clinical guidance for such daily clinical ethical challenges. Furthermore, in the early 1970s, very few clinicians were even aware of the bioethics movement that as I say had begun seven or eight years earlier in 1965. At that time in 1972, I first realized that if we were to improve the care of patients, not only MICU patients, but throughout the hospital and even in outpatient care, it was essential that doctors, nurses, other health professionals, patients and families become more closely involved in discussions about these new and difficult clinical and ethical questions. In addition to caring for patients, which I now have done for 53 years since I started my internship in 1967, I also committed myself around 1972 to devote my academic career to develop and expand the field of clinical medical ethics. In the 1970s, I was awarded the earliest NIH award in clinical ethics, a grant application I wrote. I wrote the first paper in a medical journal JAMA under the title of clinical ethics and became the first AMA editor of a section of a journal in the archives of internal medicine on clinical ethics. I came to realize throughout the 70s that clinical medical ethics should not be an elective area of study for physicians, surgeons, nurses, and other health professionals. Rather, it was an essential field that clinicians had to learn in order to practice good medicine. The central point I'm trying to make here is that not only intensive care unit physicians, but physicians in general encounter clinical ethical issues in their everyday routine care of patients and that dealing with these clinical ethical issues is an intrinsic, even an essential part of reaching clinical decisions and providing good clinical care. And I realized that clinical medical ethics was far more aligned to clinical practice than it was in those days to bioethics theory. For this reason, it was imperative that we create, develop, and expand the new field of clinical medical ethics, a field that assisted practicing clinicians who cared for patients and who made clinical ethical decisions every day in their ordinary practice. The second section I'll talk about is what are the goals and methods of clinical medical ethics? The doctor-patient relationship, as you know, is at the heart of clinical medical ethics. Its central focus is individual patient-physician decision making. Clinical medical ethics helps patients and their families, helps physicians and other health professionals reach good decisions by taking into account the four factors that we call the four box model in the book that Ken referred to. This was the book, Clinical Ethics, that I and my co-authors Al Johnson and William Winslade first published in 1982. The four box model examined the elements that go into sound clinical decision making and we thought in order of importance. First, the medical details and facts of the situation, including the differential diagnosis, the proposed diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, alternative possibilities, and treatment choices. Secondly, we took into account the patient's personal preferences regarding the medical details of the situation and the patient's values in reaching decisions about diagnostic approaches, therapeutic management, and overall their patient care. Third, we emphasized an awareness and commitment to address and improve the patient's quality of life. And fourth and finally, we had sensitivity to what we called external ethical considerations, things that included family wishes, financial concerns, limited resources such as organs for transplantation, and these days ICU beds for COVID-19 patients, legal rules, and importantly the research and teaching activities that take place in academic institutions. These four basic elements of clinical ethical decision making demonstrate that in contrast to theoretical bioethics, clinical medical ethics must be practiced and applied every day by licensed clinicians. As we stated in 1982 in the introduction to our book, Clinical Ethics, right near the beginning and I quote here, clinical ethics is inextricably linked to the physician's primary task, deciding on and carrying out the best clinical care for a particular patient in a particular set of circumstances, end quote. At this point, I'm going to digress to say a few words about how ethics consultations are only a limited part of the much larger field of clinical medical ethics. Beginning in the mid-1970s, the University of Chicago medical faculty helped to pioneer the development of ethics consultations to assist patients and families, physicians, and other members of the health team. Medical Center faculty and fellows wrote a large part of the early literature on clinical ethics consultations which included the first book on the topic of ethics consultations written by John Lapuma and David Sheedemeyer who spoke wonderfully at yesterday's conference. Since 1986, there was a famous conference held in Washington DC that included 70 non-clinician bioethicists and only six clinicians. That conference created an organization called the Society for Bioethics Consultation and claimed that the core of clinical medical ethics was performing ethics consultations. The Society for Bioethics Consultation joined the ASBH, the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities, 12 years later in 1998 and extended its view that non-clinician bioethicists should be the ones who did the majority of inpatient ethics consultations. This has actually turned out to be the case nationally. I strongly disagreed from the beginning with the view that clinical medical ethics was primarily ethics consultations done either by clinical ethicists or by non-clinician bioethicists. This perspective would be like suggesting that the core of cardiology or oncology or other medical disciplines resided principally in the consultations they did. Obviously, that's not the case. Clinical fields like oncology, cardiology, and for that matter clinical medical ethics are much larger and provide far more care than the limited number of consultations they provide. But let's consider just for a moment ethics consultations. Each year there are probably fewer than 25 to 30,000 ethics consults in the United States. That is, those who receive an ethics consultation, I want you to listen to this, make up fewer than one tenth of one percent of the 40 million inpatients cared for each year in the United States and make up virtually none of the more than 1.2 billion outpatients treated each year in the U.S. In contrast to the 25,000 or so inpatients and families who receive wonderful ethics consultations, as I say most of them perform by bioethicists, these days essentially all 40 million inpatients and all 1.2 billion outpatients routinely benefit from the application of our clinical medical ethics standards in their everyday care. The third section I'm going to talk about is how the McLean Center has contributed at the University of Chicago to developing the fields of clinical medical ethics. As discussed previously, beginning in 1972, my colleagues and I here at the University created, named, developed, and led the new field of clinical medical ethics. But during the past 36 years, the McLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics has been a crucial program in advancing the field of clinical medical ethics in many important ways. Today I'm just going to mention four of them, Ken alluded to two or three already, but there are even more than these four. First of all, we established clinical ethics fellowship training. Second, we developed the new field of surgical ethics. Third, we strengthened the doctor-patient relationship by introducing the concept of shared decision making. And fourth, we changed ethics research from analytic research to empirical research. Let me start with the first point, and Ken has said much of this already. We established clinical ethics fellowship training as the oldest, largest, and we believe the most successful clinical ethics fellowship program in the world. And since beginning that fellowship program in 1984, we've trained close to 500 fellows, including almost 400 physicians. Graduates of the McLean fellowship have served as directors of more than 45 ethics programs in the United States, Canada, South America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Australia, South Korea, and China. McLean Center fellowship graduates have held faculty appointments in more than 70 university programs. More than 25 of our fellowship graduates have held endowed university professorships. McLean Center former fellows have written more than 200 books and an untold thousands of peer-reviewed journal publications. Many of the graduates of our ethics fellowship program are leaders, scholars, and mentors, including most of the speakers at this year's McLean conference, and they advance empirical scholarship in clinical medical ethics and are dedicated to strengthening the doctor-patient relationship and to improving patient care. Ken quoted the Johns Hopkins Institute presentation of the award to the McLean Center that stated, and I'm going to repeat Ken's quote, the training programs established by the McLean Center have had a greater impact than any other clinical ethics training program in the world, end quote. Second, we developed the new field of surgical ethics after working in close association for 20 years with fabulous pediatric leaders like John Lantos and Laney Ross and Rick Kodish and many many others, and with medical leaders like Steve Miles, who was the associate director with me for the first three or four years at the McLean Center, Susan Toll, Peter Singer, and many of the speakers at the conference and leaders in psychiatry like Laura Roberts and leaders in many other fields, the McLean Center began working in close association with the American College of Surgeons which had not seen a high degree of ethics participation. The McLean Center has led a national effort to train surgeons in clinical surgical ethics and to encourage research on topics related to surgical ethics. During the past 14 years under the guidance of Dr. Peter Angelos, who is widely regarded as the leading surgical ethicist in the United States, the McLean Center has trained more than 85 surgeons in the new field of surgical ethics. The goal of the surgical ethics program is to prepare surgeons for academic careers that combine clinical surgery with scholarly studies in surgical clinical ethics. Graduates of the McLean Center's surgical ethics training program currently work in more than 40 U.S. universities in surgery departments. Since 2016, the McLean Center has sponsored a joint surgical ethics fellowship program with the American College of Surgeons, a program that has now trained 15 surgeons from institutions including Harvard, the University of Michigan, Stanford, UCLA, Duke, the University of Alabama in Birmingham, the University of Wisconsin in Madison, the University of North Carolina, Case Western University, and the University of Colorado. Also, under the auspices of the American College of Surgeons, a new textbook on surgical ethics was published in 2018 with Peter Angelos's co-editor. Interestingly, McLean Center faculty and former fellows contributed 60% of the chapters in that book on surgical ethics. A new book under preparation entitled Difficult Decisions in Surgical Ethics will be published in 2021 and is co-edited by three of our former McLean fellows, doctors Vassil, Locknia, Peggy Kelly, and Peter Angelos. The third point I want to make is that we strengthen the doctor-patient relationship by helping to introduce the concept of shared decision-making. The model of shared decision-making between patient and physician stands in contrast to the two famous earlier models. That is, the model of physician paternalism, the doctor knows best, which had existed for thousands of years and the more recent model of patient autonomy, which prevailed from the late 1950s to the mid-1980s. In the 1982 report by the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical Research, the President's Commission repeatedly cited a paper that I had given two years before and published in 1981 on the doctor-patient accommodation. The President's Commission stated in its report, and here I quote, the Commission's view is intended to encompass a multitude of different realities, each one shaped by the particular medical encounter and each one subject to change, as the participants move toward Siegler's patient-physician accommodation through the process of shared decision-making. End quote. Shared decision-making has emerged as the essential model and method of the doctor-patient relationship, a method favored in several studies by 75% of patients and 80% of physicians. Believe me, this was not the case before the early 1980s. Shared decision-making reflects both the doctor's moral obligation to respect patient autonomy and at the same time to use the doctor's medical knowledge to help improve the decision-making process for the doctor's patients. And fourth, we changed ethics research from analytic research to empirical research. As Dr. Laura Roberts stated yesterday in her talk on moral injury and academic medicine, the McLean Center played a key role in advancing the empirical turn in medical ethics scholarship. Many of the talks at this conference support this empirical approach to research. Think of the last conference that we just heard on pediatric ethics and the people who presented it. This turn refers to the application of the techniques of clinical epidemiology, health services research, decision sciences, and database clinical outcomes to the study of ethical matters in clinical practice. Previously, ethics research had relied heavily on non-databased analytic scholarship done by brilliant philosophers, theologians, and legal scholars. Such research had less impact on modifying clinical practice than did empirical, data-driven clinical studies. And let me turn to the fourth and final point of my paper, how clinical medical ethics has changed and improved the practice of medicine in the United States. To recapitulate, in the 1960s and 70s, the early development of biomedical ethics in the U.S. was led by brilliant non-physician bioethicists. As I said, theologians, philosophers, humanists, legal scholars, social scientists, physicians, and other clinicians had remarkably minimal involvement in that development. And the impact of biomedical ethics in its early decade and beyond on medical practice and medical education was extremely limited. Clinical medical ethics, by contrast, has succeeded in changing and improving medicine in crucial ways. In contrast to the 1970s, physicians are practicing clinical ethics every day when they tell patients the truth, when they break bad news, when they negotiate informed consent for a procedure or a medication, or when they make decisions based on shared decision making, or when they decide that a patient lacks decisional capacity and turn instead to a surrogate decision maker, these and other clinical ethical considerations have become so much a part of daily routine medical practice that they've become widely accepted, frankly, as the legal and professional standard of care in our country. While very few U.S. physicians today are formally trained as clinical ethicists, all physicians regularly apply clinical medical ethics approaches in their ordinary daily work with patients. I'd go so far to say that these days clinicians can't practice good medicine, medicine that meets the U.S. standard of care, technically competent and ethically appropriate medicine without some knowledge of and ability to apply the core principles of clinical medical ethics. Since 1972, the changes brought by clinical medical ethics to medicine have been profound and have occurred without fanfare or drama. In contrast to the 70s, today almost every medical organization has a code of ethics and an ethics committee. Similarly, every large hospital 200 beds or more is required by the Joint Commission to have a mechanism, usually either a hospital ethics committee or an ethics consultation service to resolve complex clinical ethics problems on inpatients when they occur. Publications on clinical ethics appear regularly in medical journals that are widely read by clinicians. Most importantly, in contrast to the 1970s, clinical medical ethics discussions have become a part of everyday clinical discourse and of routine clinical decisions in outpatient and inpatient settings across the country. This transition was critical in clinical medicine. The physician has the special knowledge as well as the legal and professional responsibility to assist patients in curing or caring for their illness and to assist patients in dealing with the fear, pain, and suffering that often accompany ill health. Physicians and nurses are licensed by the state and are professionally, legally, and personally accountable to the patient if they fail to adequately integrate clinical ethics into their care and management of patients. The field of clinical medical ethics is now almost 50 years old and has helped to improve medicine, medical practice, and patient outcomes. As we look toward the future and recognize the emerging challenges to humane, compassionate, and personalized care, I remain confident that clinical medical ethics will remain a central focus in defending and improving clinical medical practice for the benefit of patients and of their families. Thank you for listening to me and before I say goodbye, I'd just like to take a moment before we break to thank my wife for her love and support and brilliance and to give her a chance to say hello while we're on live with you. Rich Kodish said we often depend enormously on our spouses to help us make decisions. Anna. It's wonderful to be with you virtually for this year's conference and yet I'm so sad that this pandemic keeps us from gathering in real life. Truly, these are bittersweet times. Seeing many of you on screen has been a joy, our brilliant speakers and moderators, but I miss seeing everyone, everyone in the audience, friends from over the years and over the decades. I miss the opportunity to gather for conversation during the breaks when we could hug and greet each other and catch up on family news and activities. Mark and I send our virtual hugs and love to all of you. All of you are part of the McLean Center family and very important people in our lives. We pray for your safety and for better times. Thank you, Anna. We'll take a break now and reconvene at 11.10. The final panel of the morning will be a powerful panel on surgical ethics moderated by Dr. Peter Angelo's. We look forward to having you join us again as we resume the day's presentations between 11.10 and 11.15. Thank you all so much. Bye-bye. And Ken Polanski, thank you for this fantastic award. It means so much to me. Thank you.