Hey guys, it's Julia and welcome back to my channel. And for today's video I'm going to be doing a video talking about some books that I gave five stars to. This video suggestion was from Brian, so thank you very much. I was like struggling with what you guys wanted to see and I didn't know what to make, but Brian came through and it's true. I really don't give a lot of books five stars, so those of you who know me know I'm pretty stingy with them. If you remember my old reviews, I used to do a lot of 4.75s and a lot 4.5s because I wasn't... five had to be like amazing for me. So there's not even that many books I've given five stars. However, these are some that I have given five stars, whether they've been in like the past six years or what. So some of them may have changed, but I'm gonna go through some of them with you guys. And yeah, let's talk about them. This one I've talked about like a lot, so I'm gonna try to, I don't know, keep it to a minimum, but this is with the Fire on High by Elizabeth Acevedo. I really enjoyed this one. It's beautifully written. It's about a chef and just a girl exploring the culinary arts and her experiences. This also has like a cute romance in and everything, so this one's like a really really good read that I'd recommend. I, yeah, this one was definitely worth the five star. I read it a year ago I think, but I really love Elizabeth Acevedo's work in general. Next up here I have a manga, and this is actually Deadman Wonderland, so this is volume 13. This is the final one, so I only gave the final one five stars. This series was so long ago, but it's kind of like a prison, and then the people in the prison like compete in games, and everybody votes on them and stuff, and it's like just a big thing. And there's this girl, and then she meets him, and it's a weird time, but it's good. I really enjoyed it. I would love to actually reread a bunch of these, like reread all 13 because they were so good. It's been a while, it's been a bit too, so. Next up here I have one book that I will like never forget, but that is The Enchanted by Renee Dennefeld. This book I read in elementary school, but it's still, like I still remember details about it, and like how much it meant to me at the time. So basically the quote on the front is, when you walk on death row you look for the light. Monsters aren't born, they're created, so that's what this basically follows someone on death row, and this investigator that tries to get them off this death penalty investigator who tries to get them off of death row and it's kind of like about the mindset of that, and then also just like the prisoners, and there's a little fantastical element. And it was honestly like phenomenal. I remember exactly where it was when I read this. I remember like I remember the time of my life perfectly when I read this, but it was it was really really good. And I would honestly want to reread this one again to see if I like it just as much. Next up here's a book that like I have no doubt if I reread it I'd give it five stars again, but that is Hunger by Roxane Gay. This is a memoir that has to do with eating disorder specifically. There's also some trigger warnings for like rape and sexual assault, so please keep that in mind. But Roxane Gay is a phenomenal writer and she usually writes about like women's issues and stuff, so that she's written like feminist stuff, but this one more explores her personal story and also dealing with like an eating disorder, and it was so good. I have a really old review on it, but it was like a book that I did not hesitate to give five stars to. One of my favorite memoirs ever as well. Next up here I have a play and this is actually A Fellow by Shakespeare. I loved A Fellow when I read it in high school. It was so so good. My favorite Shakespeare that I've read thus far, but it had a lot to do with revenge and husband and a wife. And there was just so much drama and yes, I mean it is drama that's the point, but it was like a really really good revenge plot and I really was totally captivated by this story. Like there's so many notes still written in here too. Desdemona, Juxtaposition, between this and this. Like I had, I did this for class, so like I have a lot of little notes in here, but I had a wonderful time like studying this with my class. Next up this is one that I read like six six years ago I think. It's called Made You Up by Francesca Sapia and I still think about it because this is like the only YA book that I think I've read that deals with Schizophrenia as a topic and it was about a girl set in high school and she's struggling with hallucinations, so she takes pictures of things to look back on after to ensure that they were actually there. And this just follows her like going to a new school meeting a boy and struggling with this mental health issue. So this one was phenomenal and I love the ending and I love how they didn't make it some like, you know, sappy love story in the end and I thought it was, I thought it was incredible and I definitely love to see more work like this and I love Francesca's work in general. Eliza and her monsters is another phenomenal work by her that I'd recommend. Okay so this one some of you OGs will definitely remember but this is My Heart and Other Black Holes by Jasmine Warga. This used to be my favorite book like four or five years ago and I remember I really really liked it because it basically it talks about suicide however it's like this girl and this guy make a pact together. So they make like a pact together and it's about both of them and what they were going through and then if they can follow through with the pact and stuff like that. It's a very dark story but one that I found really really interesting and I could like relate to the depression elements of it a lot when I read it. So I just connected with this one really strongly and I really like the writing style. I don't know if I'd feel the same about it now but like I would I'd be interested to reread and find out but like I don't even have time to read the books that I haven't read yet you know. But yeah this is about two 17 year olds and it explores depression and suicide and life. It's pretty good. I would recommend it. Um yeah I don't think there was anything that I heard that was like problematic or like bad about this book but it's been a while so like I don't know. Next I have the Complete Tales and Poems, Vegger, Ellen Poe. I will always rate like the Telltale Hargert and Annabelle Lee and the Raven Five Stars like without a doubt. Those are like my three top and the Black Hats are really good short stories as well but he's a phenomenal writer. Nobody has his writing style and like I love just like the gothic literature that he comes out with and like the darkness of all his work it's so good. So okay so uh Seconds Alas here we have Warcross by Mary Lou. I made a whole video on this a while ago why it was like my favorite book but this is a sci-fi novel and involves like a virtual reality world where this girl competes um in this Warcross tournament. Um those like Warcross tournaments where people can participate in this our main character hacks into it and she is called by the owner of Warcross to have a little discussion about how how she got through the servers how she did this all that stuff so we follow her she's one of the most badass characters I love her so much and I love the love interest as well. The second book in the series isn't that good in my opinion but this one so good so I definitely recommend that checking Warcross out I have I don't I have like three three or four copies of it that I that I bought. I have four more here that I'm gonna kind of fly through real quick just to tell you guys about because I've talked about these a lot but I would love to do another video like this if you wanted to see it about more five star reads because there is more than this that I've given five stars in like my six years of avidly reading but the version Suicide is my favorite book of all time um obviously deals with suicide and it's about these daughters who all commit suicide and then these neighbors across the street have to they try to put the pieces together of what happened to them they reflect on this like as adults like looking back so it's really really interesting. The how and the why is another one that I gave five stars to this one was phenomenal had to do with like adoption like finding the birth mother and stuff like that it also talked about uh teenage pregnancy which was really interesting so this one was so so good I tabs it up a ton then we also have like the king books that I talk about a lot so Misery's a five star for me the Shining's a five star um Mr. Mercedes is a five star this the series Mr. Mercedes this one's a five star for me it was a five star um but yeah anyways there you guys have it those are some books that I rated five stars over the past few years thank you so much for watching uh Brian thank you for the suggestion thank you to everyone that stuck around till the end of the video but if you stay till the end of this video comment a snowflake down below and thank you so much for watching I really appreciate it subscribe if you're new and you want to see more content from me and I also stream through dates a week on twitch if you want to hang out I have a discord server and all my socials are down below so I'll see you guys super soon with a new video thank you so much for watching


We saw the name of Allah praising him for the fact that he's given us Ramaban and he's given us the Eid prayer and he's given us the community to pray Eid with. We praise Allah for Azza wa Jalla for the fact that he's given us the knowledge to pray the Eid prayer and he said, Allah is greater. This Eid that we pray is a reminder that there are times for joy in our Deen and there are times for seriousness in our Deen. And often the seriousness and the joy come in pairs that sometimes you experience joy and it comes sometimes with a bit of rigor. And sometimes you experience rigor and it comes with a bit of joy. And this Eid is a reminder that we're departing from Ramaban. We're departing from the blessing of Ramaban, the fasting with our communities, praying in the nights, taking those opportunities to refine ourselves, to have tahdeeb, to refine our character, refine our worship, refine our presence with Allah Azza wa Jalla, refine our taqwa, refine our consciousness of Allah Azza wa Jalla, refine our gratitude of Allah Azza wa Jalla. It's a reminder to us that Allah is greater.  And we say this in the Eid prayer and before the Eid prayer and after the Eid prayer on the way to the Eid prayer, on the way back from the Eid prayer, we say Allahu Akbar, Allah is greater that we remind ourselves that these actions that we did, the fasting that we did, this fasting was not a favor that we did to Allah, it was a favor that Allah did to us and we said Allahu Akbar. And Allah rewards us with the Eid prayer after, with the joy of the Eid community after, with the Muslim community and the Eid prayer after. He gives us the joy of visiting each other, dressing up and having gratitude for him. And we say Allahu Akbar for that. This month that we just came out of is a reminder to us that Allah is greater. And that this month, many of us took it as a month of tahdeeb, a month of refining, that we refine ourselves in this month, that every single one of us, even if we fasted a single day, if you're the person that does not pray a single prayer except the Eid prayer, if you're a person that does not fast a single fast except in Ramadan, if you're a person that does not pray at all in the masjid except in Ramadan, that this was a time for you to refine yourself, that at least we did that, Alhamdulillah, and that we did that and we felt the joy of that that we wanted to implicate more of that in our lives. So we had that tahdeeb, we had that refining after that, we want this tahdeeb. We want to have steadfastness, uprightness in whatever that we gain in this month, that whatever we gain in this month, we don't want to lose it. Because if you're not going, if you're not in a sense, then you're indecent. If you're not progressing, then you're stagnant, you're regressing. And so whatever progress we made in this month in our relationship with Allah, in our relationship with the Qur'an, in our relationship with the Prophet ﷺ, we want to keep this going. We do not want to lose this, that after this refining, we want this tahdeeb. After this tahdeeb, we want to have steadfastness. We want to have uprightness in this. So we say Allahahu akbar Allahahu akbar La ilaha Inna Allahahu akbar Allahahu akbar Wa lillaha alhamdwakuna Qudi hadha Wa s-Safirullaha li walakum al-Nisaan al-Muslimin Ya Qam al-Safiruhu Innahu wal-Ghafiur al-Rahim Allahahu akbar Allahahu akbar Allahahu akbar La ilaha Inna Allahahu akbar Allahahu akbar Allah is greater than our actions, Allah is greater than our misdeeds, Allah is, His mercy is greater than that, that maybe does not accept our Toba at the end of the month, and He does not accept our Toba on the Day of Eid, Allah is too generous that He is too great that He allowed us to pass to Ramadan and not forgive us on Ramadan. We need to remember that Allah is greater than our actions, Allah is greater than our non-actions, Allah is greater than the states of our hearts, Allah is greater than the thoughts in our minds, Allah is greater than our families, Allah is greater than our prayers, Allah is greater than our friends, Allah is greater than those that are under us and those that are over us, Allah is greater than all that, Allah is greater than the heat that we are standing in right now, Allah is greater than all of this. So we say, Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar. La ilaha illallah, Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar, al-lillah al-hamd. Insha'Allah that whatever we've said in these last few minutes, we don't want to extend further, is that now that this month has come, we want to remember that this month happened in our lives. We don't want it to become a passing thought in the mind that it happened and it was just a memory, a faint memory in the distance. That this month happened and that we have the opportunity to do good deeds. We have the opportunity to save from the haram and to do things that Allah Azza al-Jal asked of us. And that when that thought comes to our minds that this month happened, that we don't want to allow ourselves to be agressed and be indecent from the station that we've already gained with Allah Azza al-Jal. So we say, Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar, La ilaha illallah, Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar, al-lallah al-hamd. We want ourselves to remember that Allah Azza al-Jal is our source of peace, we say, Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar, wa minkas salam, Al-Qadir, Al-Jalad, Al-Kram, Haigina, Al-Dufna, Al-Dar Al-Salam. Rabbana, atina fi dhuni, Hassana fi al-Aaf, Fatiha. Hassana fi nada fi nada. Rabbana, hablana min az-wajina, az-duryatina, kurwa ta'uheen, wal-jua'amna, limitakhini, mamma. We ask Allah to have mercy on our teachers, particularly our first teachers, our parents. So we say, Rabbir hamhuma, kuma rabb'iyanin sazeera. Rabbir hamhuma, kuma rabb'iyanin sazeera. Rabbir hamhuma,


This is actually something I talk a lot about in my Make Him Want You program. I have a new program, so there's this program that I have, it's called Make Him Want You and I'm unleashing version 2.0 right now and this is like one of the big topics that I talk about in that program because it's kind of this hidden thing that a lot of people don't really understand. A lot of women don't really get about a man and so if you're in a situation where a man is taking you for granted or he's not really committing to you, he's not opening himself up to fall in love, he's kind of doing things where he's pulling back or ignoring you or stuff like that. A lot of times, not every time, but a lot of times that has to do with the way that he sees you, right? Like the way that he either values you or doesn't value you and we've talked a lot about this in a lot of the videos that we've done, you know, like the way that he sees you and what is, how does he think? Like if you wanna be like the special, like a man, like the one for him, you know?  The thing that you need to do more than anything is to raise your value. So I don't know if we introduced ourselves, I don't think we introduced ourselves yet. I'm Matthew Coast, if you don't know who I am and here's Helena Hart, say hi, Helena. Hey everybody, thanks for the comments. I love seeing everyone here, this is so fun. I'm excited to be here. Yeah, I love it too, I love the comments.  We're gonna have lots of other great videos for you in the future. So if this is your first time, hit subscribe to get more.   And the last one, number six, is the most important one. So stay tuned for that one. I always love saying that, that's so much fun. So Helena, number one, let's talk about this. Number one, the number one, the first way that we're gonna be talking about is giving him ways to invest in you and then leaning back, right? And so I'm gonna kind of take the charge on this one real quick and then we'll switch over to you, Helena. But you know, so one of the biggest, we're kind of in this age where a lot of women are like, I don't want to, you know, I don't need a man for anything, you know, and it's kind of gone into this place where a lot of times they end up like kind of shutting themselves off to men, right?  And you know, from a masculine standpoint, if you're dating or in a relationship, seeing a masculine man, you know, part of his job that he feels like from a strong biological and primal standpoint is that he needs to like take care of things, he needs to help out, you know? He needs to kind of be there for you in a way where he can provide, right? So he can take care of things, he can fix stuff, he can, you know, be there financially. These are all things that the masculine feels like it's their duty to do for a woman.  And so, you know, one of the things I talk about is asking for help, right? Like asking the guy for help. For even with things that you can do yourself, not because you need him to do it, but because it gives him a way to kind of invest in you from an energy standpoint, right?  And when you do that, you need to just lean back, right? Like, I know there's a lot of women that they'll do stuff like this and they'll ask for help and then it's like, they're like in there, you know? Like watching his every move and being like, oh, I wouldn't do it. No, you know what? Let me just do it myself, you know? Because, you know, the guy isn't doing it the way that she wants him to do it, which is totally, I totally get that. You know, as a business owner, I totally get that all the time.  So did you wanna say anything about that, Helena? Yes, I do. I'm just enjoying these comments here. These are so awesome. Somebody said this couldn't have come at a better time and everyone's helping each other out. It's great. Yeah, you know, I always say that men cannot really fall in love and connect with us when we're like over functioning and compulsively giving to them. They fall in love when they're giving to us and that's what really increases our value in their eyes when they're giving to us, when they're helping us, even if like Matt said, even if it's something that we could do ourselves maybe faster or easier. So, but yeah, it's really, really important to really be able to demonstrate that you can receive from a man and that's how you do it. Give them ways to invest in you. And it can be hard for us to wanna do that to give up control a little bit. Like I found that over giving and over functioning is actually a control thing. So to lean back and let a man step up and help you and invest in you can be kind of like this foreign feeling for us, especially at first. But once you try it and start to get some really amazing results, it'll start to feel much more natural. So it's very important. Yeah, absolutely. So Lucy Major says, just pull back on everything and watch him score. That's kind of funny. And at the same time, there's kind of this thing where in a lot of the comments that we've gotten there's been kind of these weird revenge things going on there. So I think it's kind of a funny thing.  So hello, if you're just joining us in this chat, make sure you just say hello in the chat box here. And so was that all you wanted to say about that, Helena? Yeah, I mean, do you want me to go into number two? Yeah, sure, go ahead. What do we have more? Okay, yeah. So number two is developing your feminine magnetism. Do I have that right? I don't have these written down. I'm just going, did I, is that number two? Yes, yes, number two. Okay, so feminine magnetism is something that we're just really starting to talk about a lot. We did a whole live stream two days ago on the number one thing that men find beautiful in a woman and it had to do with your feminine magnetism. We shared seven aspects of that or seven ways to apply it. So it's really important and that's all about getting out of that masculine mode where you're trying to do things and make things happen constantly to try to like make a guy value you more, you know? It can be easy to get into these like little gains and strategies. Like I'm gonna do this to make this guy see me a certain way and it doesn't work. Like that will backfire on you every time because it's all about him, you know? He can pick up in your energy or your vibe that you're trying to do something to affect him and it's just completely backwards. So you want to step into your feminine magnetism so you can really pull him towards you. I don't know how specific you want me to get on this because we talked so much about it on Sunday. I mean, what do you think? Well, so let's just talk a little bit about like, so feminine magnetism, really what it's about is opening space, right? It's about a whole bunch of different things that really what it ends up doing is it creates this like magnetic pole with a man, right? And so most women that I meet in general in life tend to be in their masculine energy these days because they're in that when they're at work, they're in that mindset and they come home and they show up and they want to go and like meet guys or they're in a relationship and they're still kind of in this masculine frame of mind and to a guy it's not that it's, I mean, sometimes it can be repulsive but usually it's just not attractive in any way. And it kind of, and when you flip that, when you get into this feminine magnetism that we've been talking about, it really kind of pulls a man in and it makes him want, it makes him feel like you're just this amazing, magical, like beautiful special woman and it makes him feel like he just wants to grab you and hold you tight and protect you and make sure that everything in your life is okay. And yeah, I mean, like we said, we did another live stream on that and our program, Feminine Enchantment, if you haven't seen that one yet, if you go to feminineenchantment.com, that entire thing is about being feminine and or being in your feminine magnetism and really attracting a man from that aspect. Did you want to say anything else? Yeah, it's just, yeah, it's about trusting and allowing your feminine magnetism is all about being in the present moment rather than leaning forward and trying to make something happen constantly with a man, like push things forward or try and do things to move things along. A lot of times men are always kind of worried that we're trying to do something, even if we're not specifically doing it, like sometimes it's just somewhere in our eyes or somewhere in our energy. So if you can lean back and really create that space for a man to come towards you, if he's the right man for you, he's going to want to step into that space but you have to learn how to lean back and create that space first. That's what feminine magnetism is all about. A lot of it has to do with stopping, doing all of the things that push men away and then once you take away all those things that aren't working for you, we give you things that you can say and that you can do to really ramp up your feminine magnetism and make him see you as super valuable. Yeah, you know, it's kind of interesting.   It makes him start doing all the little things that you want him to do, basically. So, yeah, okay, so that was number two. So like I said before, we have six of these things and number six is the most important one so you'll want to stay tuned for that one. It's really great, I'm telling you. It's by far the most important thing here. So number three is choose him but don't tie yourself down to him completely, right? So a lot of times what women end up doing is they do this thing where they kind of smother a guy, right? And it's like, you know, I used to, I've had this in my own dating life before where I would like, like I'd be talking to a girl and there wouldn't even be anything there. Like it's no, there was no relationship, you know, there was nothing really going on there. Yet at the same time, she would like be like, you know what I mean? You're it, you know?  Like, you know, and it's just really unattractive for a guy when you jump on him and you're just like, this is it.  And at the same time, until we're in this thing where it's fully committed, right? Where he's fully committed, you know, I'm not fully committed necessarily, right? So that's kind of the mindset that I'm, I think would be incredibly beneficial for you to have when you're seeing a guy is that you're choosing him, but it's not over until he chooses you too, fully for commitment, right?   And being in this pool or whatever is going on in this pool. And so, you know, it's kind of a funny metaphor but at the same time, it's like a lot of women are out there swimming alone. And they're in this pool by themselves and there's this man on the side who hasn't jumped in the pool yet, right? And they're like, I'm in it, I'm in it. You know, aren't you coming in? And he's like, I haven't even decided that I wanna be in there yet, right?  Otherwise, you're gonna be swimming alone, so. Oh my gosh, totally, I totally agree. Yeah, if you're single, keep your options open. That's like the best four words I could ever tell you about anything. And I know some people might not agree with me on that, but yeah, keep your options open not to strategically try to make a guy jealous again because then that's all about him still, right? And it doesn't really have anything to do with him. It's about not over investing in a man until he's invested in you. That's one of the biggest mistakes I see women make. They over invest themselves emotionally and otherwise in a man who hasn't chosen her yet and who isn't putting forth that effort. Like a man needs to, his energy needs to be coming towards you. You need to kinda know where you stand with him before I would consider getting overly invested in him or a potential relationship. Cause just that energy of like, oh, she wants something from me and I'm not quite there yet is kind of repelling to a man, wouldn't you say? Yeah, it's kind of going back to number one where we talked about a guy investing in you.  So the more invested he is in you, the less he'll feel like he wants you to leave, right?  And so the more, the less invested he is in you, the less likely he is to not let you go, right?  I don't know, you know, and whether he cares or not depends on how much he values you, right? And so that's what we're talking about here, all this stuff, right? And all of these things together, all of these six elements are important.  So yeah, is there anything else you wanna answer? Yeah, are we answering questions on this one? There's some, you know, people asking questions that are related to this, but I don't know how much time we have. It's totally- Yeah, did you wanna talk to, so- Well, it's not a specific question about a situation, but somebody just asked, you know, so should you tell him, hey, if you're not committed, then I'm gonna date others, even if you're committed to only being intimate with each other, I would say you don't, I mean, if he hasn't specifically asked you to be exclusive, I would just assume that you're dating.   I don't think it's something you really need to say, it's more of, unless he's asking you, he's asking you if you're dating other men, I certainly wouldn't lie about it. I would be honest and say, I mean, what is it that you're looking for? If you're looking for a long-term, committed, exclusive relationship, then you can say, you know, it feels better to kind of, before investing in someone, it feels better to make sure we're on the same page before becoming exclusive with someone. It just depends on the situation. There's all different ways you can go with that. Yeah, and so, Kate Cashmere, Kate Cashmere, great name, says, so how does this work if you've already had sex but still talk daily? You know, it doesn't matter if you've already had sex or not, right?  And to some extent, the dynamics have changed, right? So, the deeper you are in things with him, the less leverage you really have, right? So, there was a woman that commented on one of our YouTube videos yesterday, and she mentioned how she had been, like she moved in with this guy and they were together for a few months, right? And they had a relationship like they were committed or married or something, but they weren't committed or married or something.  And she's like, okay, this is what ended up happening to me. And so, if you don't get that commitment from a guy, right?  So, I guess one of the things that I've heard a lot, and I've kind of witnessed a lot between men and women, is that men kind of have this compartmentalization right in their minds. And women kind of have this flow of connectivity, so everything's kind of connected. And they, for a man, if he gets into a situation where he's seeing you casually, and there's no kind of tie to it being something long-term, it being a committed relationship, it being something that's moving towards marriage, you haven't talked about it, he's not thinking about it.  You can sleep with a guy whenever, right? But if you haven't talked about it, he's not thinking about it, and he's not thinking about it with you, then giving him all of these things without making sure that he's thinking about you in that way is going to make it much, much, much less likely for him to value you, and much, much, much less likely for him to commit to you and give you the long-term relationship that you want. I've seen women that have been in relationships, casual relationships with guys for 12 years, and to them, they're like, oh, this is it, we're together, we've been together, right?  She's just some, you know, we're friends, but we also hook up, you know? And a guy can feel that way pretty much forever, right? And so, if you don't want that, you have to change the conversation at some point. You have to get it to a space of, and the commitment topic is a big, big topic. I think I did a video about this, I'm not sure if I did or not, but if I didn't, I will, and we'll talk about this some more, but the commitment topic is a very, very big topic, and what needs to happen and what it looks like for men, and kind of what those different stages are, and what needs to happen for a man to commit, what needs to happen if you're already sexual for a guy to commit, those are all very, very important topics that we don't really have time to talk about at the moment, but we will. So did you wanna talk about anything else around that? Yeah, just that, you know, what you want has to be on the table in order to invest, or, you know, a man needs to feel an emotional attraction to you before I would ever advise sleeping with him, unless you're not looking for a real relationship with him. But yeah, in terms of becoming exclusive with a man, that's like a pretty big deal to close off your other options like that. Like to me, that's a huge, huge deal. So what you want has to be on the table. I would definitely make sure you're on the same page in terms of what the two of you ultimately want because I can't tell you how many women I hear from who just kind of agree to be exclusive with a guy, and they really wanna like, for example, settle down and get married. They don't even know if that's what the guy wants for himself ultimately. So you don't wanna have to, you don't wanna be stuck in a situation where you might have to back yourself out of it. Just make sure you're on the same page before committing yourself to someone like that. Yeah, absolutely. All right, so let's move on to number four. So this is number four of six, right? I'm really good at counting with my fingers. And so number six is the most important one. So make sure that you stay tuned, stay listening, this is good stuff. We're getting a lot of great comments in here. Thanks for, if you're just showing up, if you haven't commented, make sure you say hi, make sure you say hello. We love interacting with everybody. We love seeing everybody that's talking to us. We have a ton of people on here right now. So we agreed to sleep with each other. Okay, Diane Stevens. Okay. Right. We can control or set the pace of the relationship when we deny sex. You have to be very careful about that one. Cause it can get into this, depending on when you're doing it and how you're doing it, that can get into a very revengeful, resentful space for a man, right? If you're, you know, if he thinks or feels like you're intentionally manipulating him with sex, that can go downhill really, really quickly. So, all right. So number four is, and I've actually seen some people kind of talk about similar situations here, but when he does something neglectful, right?  What you need to do, so what a lot of women do, and we've kind of been talking about this a little bit, is a lot of women go for revenge, right?  There was a woman earlier on one of our videos today actually talking about how she wanted to emotionally abuse a guy who was like, okay, yeah, that's gonna lead to a healthy long-term relationship, not. And so, you know, instead of going for revenge, what you need to do is you need to communicate to him that it's unattractive, one. And two, kind of pull back a little bit and give him some more space to invest in you again, right? So, if you're attacking him and doing all these things, what you're gonna do is just make him resentful.  So one of the, there's this research study out there that was done by the Relationship Research Institute. And what they found is they've been able to determine whether a marriage will end in divorce with a 90% accuracy, right? So nine times out of 10, they can accurately predict whether a relationship is gonna end in divorce. And the number one factor for that has to do with the positive to negative emotional ratio that the relationship has. So if the relationship has a lot of negativity in it, right, then there's a good chance that it's gonna end. And it has to be five times as much positivity as there is negativity, which is why if you're going for revenge and if you're trying to hurt him and you're trying to get back at him and you're trying to show him how right you are and how wrong he is, you're more likely to destroy your relationship than you are to end up doing something that's healthy and coming together long-term and creating the relationship that you really want. And so instead, what you should do is let him know that it's unattractive and pull back and give him space so that he can come into it and invest in you and prove to you that he's worthy of you and the relationship that you wanna have together and not in a spiteful way, right? So, did I explain that well? Hallelujah. Yeah, yeah, I love that. In feminine enchantment, I talk about this in terms of choosing the relationship or choosing the connection over things like getting your way this one time or letting a guy know that punishing him or it goes from this ego-based, kind of like pushing and shoving each other into trying to get our needs met into this choosing the relationship and the connection because when you do that, when you fix everything at its foundation, all of these other little things kind of fall into place because a man's not going to want to pull away.  So it's not, I wanna mention, it's not about just accepting horrible behavior from men because we don't want you to think that. It's definitely, it's not just about accepting whatever he does, it's about choosing the relationship and the connection over everything else. So going deeper beyond this one, I'm gonna punish a guy or get revenge because I didn't like the way he behaved. How would you, I'm just curious as to what you would say, how would you suggest a woman go about telling a guy that something was unattractive or turn her off or something like that? Well, it's, I'd suggest doing it exactly in that way is talking about it in terms of being unattractive or and not in the moment.  And then all kinds of bad things can happen that way. I think that there's probably better ways to do it, especially if you're framing it in the right way. I love framing.  And I actually found this in the business world and then ended up bringing it into my relationships is instead of saying, you know, just being like I'm angry or like I hate that or that's really unattractive, what you can do is say in the future, right? So you say in the future and then ask a question, like can you do this, right? So in the future, could you make sure and, you know, just let me know that you're okay because, you know, sometimes I get worried about you and I wanna make sure that you're, you know, everything's going well with you, right? And so when you're not like shaming him and condemning him in the moment because that's like really painful and kind of pushes the guy back, right? Instead, if you're talking about this future reality of this place that you'd love to be and that you really want and you say in the future, you know, can you do this? A lot of times the person that you're talking to, the guy that you're talking to will realize like it'll snap in his head and you'll be like, oh man, I'm sorry, yeah, I'll do that.   And that's a much, much, much more powerful way to come about it than just, were you asking me that because I'm the tactical guys I want? Well, I just imagine people listening would want to know exactly how to do that. It just seemed like a really valuable thing. I think that's great. I think that's great. Hey, so, oh, sorry. Oh, Mr. These comments are great. Yeah, let him come to you.  Absolutely. Ruby says I've learned to stay soft but authentic. That's really, yeah, these are just fantastic comments. Yeah, so, hey, if you're in this live chat with this live stream with us and you're following along, make sure you say something in the chat box. Say, you know, I'm there with you. Say I'm with you, right? Just throw that in there. We'll see. But yeah, there's a lot of great chats in here. Thanks so much for talking to each other. We're on number five here. So number five is of six, five of six, good with number counting on my fingers. Five of six is kind of more of a lifestyle thing, right?  And so this kind of goes back to the number three that we're talking about where a woman just jumps in and is like, you know, and a lot of times that happens because she doesn't have her own life that she's living.  I need this guy to fulfill me.  And so that's really unattractive, right? It's really unattractive before, like while you're dating. And it's also really unattractive when you're in a relationship. And I wanna be clear about this because a lot of times women kind of take this the wrong way. Like I'm not saying that you need to make up a bunch of stuff that you're pretending like you're doing or try to get interested in things you don't really care about, right? Like have things that are hobbies in your life and they could be anything, you know? They could be things that you do at home because you're a homebody. They can be things that you like to do out in nature because you're into nature. It could be, you know, anything that you're into just having a life, having some friends, having people that you're into so that it's not all about the guy when you're in the relationship. And when you do that, right? And there's kind of a spectrum here.    It's easy to make her happy. It's easy to, you know, to be with this woman, right? And that feeling of like, it's easy to be around this woman makes him, you know, immediately open a space for you in this long-term committed relationship category, right?   It's really, you know, all these things.  So. I think that's great. No, you totally right in my mind. I was thinking about the fine line between you wanna like just be living your life magnificently, almost oblivious to him. And I know that sounds kind of extreme, but that's the opposite of being like laser focused on a guy or trying to get him to make us happy.  I know I have clients who have been, the ones who end up being single for a really long time before meeting someone are those ones just like, what Matt was saying is like, well, I have room in my schedule two weeks from now. And then again in another three weeks and there's just, you know, a man might, you know, try for a little while, but eventually he'll start to give up. So there's that side of it too. But yeah, we can a lot of times be looking to others to fulfill these kind of deep unmet needs we have within ourselves, like the need to feel like we have this full complete life. So you wanna give those feelings to yourself first and make sure you're like filling yourself up and radiating that out rather than looking to a man to make you feel that way because you feel this like void within yourself.  Like no human being can fulfill that thing that we're looking for within our own selves. It'll be like a drug effect, it can't last. And I was talking to a client about this last night. You always need more and more of it in order to feel, get the same effect. It's like a drug effect. And eventually you're gonna like crash and burn because you can't get any more of it from a man or from another person. So you have to learn how to fill yourself up with some of these things that we need rather than looking outside of yourself to a man especially because that will drive him away for sure. Well, what it does and just to give you kind of a aspect of like a man's point of view, like when a guy meets a woman and she feels like she needs him, right? To feel good about herself and to fulfill herself and to be happy and all these things. Like what Helena was saying, it's going to, after a little bit, it's never gonna be enough, right? And what a guy feels is like, what he feels is I can never please her, right? I can never be enough for her. I like what she wants is completely unrealistic and like, and that's from a long-term perspective. From a short-term perspective, he might feel like you're trying to use him, right? He might feel like you drain his energy emotionally, right? Like being around you is like really kind of like this very challenging and difficult and emotionally destructive thing for him and he needs to pull away and like get away from you completely. And that's kind of the feelings that a man gets when you rely on him for your happiness and wellbeing and emotional states for yourself. So yeah, sir, anything else? No, I think that was great. That all goes along with creating a full, complete life outside of a man. So I think we're good. Do you want me to move on to number six? Yeah, so here's number six. This is the most important one and Helena Hart, our beautiful and amazing Helena Hart is going to go ahead and tell you what that one is. I love that you say it's the most important one because it's the one that I came up with. So thank you for that. Okay, so the last part is the most important one, in my opinion or in our opinion, I guess, is that you have to increase your value in your own eyes first. So you have to see yourself as a really valuable person and a valuable woman that any man would be lucky to get to be with because I know it can be easy to get really wrapped up in how we feel about a guy as if we're really attracted to him or the chemistry is off the charts or the sex is really good. It can be easy to get all wrapped up in how we're feeling about him and completely ignoring how we're feeling about ourselves. So it's all about putting your own heart first, putting your own desires ahead of your desire to be with any one particular man, especially a man who's not valuing you.  Otherwise it's kind of, like we said, it comes across as inauthentic. If you're doing these first five things because you're trying to get some kind of result from a man, get him to come back or get him to see you a certain way, get him to value you more and treat you better. It's all about him and it can't be about him.   So that's the last one. Yeah, and I just wanna throw in there that it can be the most challenging one, right? And it's the one that the least amount of people wanna hear about. And I know this for a fact, because I've been in this industry for long enough, but it's really, it's about building your confidence, building your self-esteem, knowing that you value, but not from a place of faking it, right? Like you can try to fake being like, I deserve a man, but I don't really feel that way deep in my heart and it hurts me to think about. If you're coming from that space where you're really in pain, and you try to put off this persona of it, it can be really, really painful for both of you and it can be really a, a guy might, a guy might fall for it initially, but long term he's gonna see through it and he's gonna be like, oh, you're not really the person I thought you were, right? And that's not to say that you can't have challenges or insecurities or any of that kind of stuff, right? Like we all do. Everybody has insecurities. Everybody has their own things that they, like self-worth issues. We all have things that come up, and communicating them in the right way, being humble about them. And at the same time, working on yourself and working on your confidence and your self-esteem and getting through those issues, whatever kind of issues that you have. I've had tons of issues. When I was growing up, one of my big things was worth, right? Like feeling like I was worthy to be in a woman's life, feeling like I was worthy to have friends, feeling like I was worthy to be connected with people. And it's been a long journey and I still have those issues that come up with me. I still feel sometimes like I question how worthy I am as a human being, but I've worked on it a lot. And I've built up a lot of things in my life and I've gone through a lot of those emotions. I've opened up a lot of those emotions and let them out. And I've kind of looked at a lot of the root causes of that and worked on those root causes and doing that allows me to feel like a stronger, more valuable person just naturally when I talk to people, right? And so is there anything else you wanna do? Yeah, oh yeah, I can totally relate to all of that. Yeah, I just wanted to say it's the way you respond to the way he acts, right?  So responding is a very feminine energy quality. An example of the opposite of this would be like, you don't have to just like walk up to a guy and say like, you know, I'm the prize, you need to treat me amazing. Here's my list of requirements because that would obviously be a turn off to men, right? Versus if you know your value, if you know your worth as a person and a woman in a relationship or potential relationship, if a man starts behaving in a way that doesn't feel good to you, you would just instinctively feel turned off if a man wasn't treating you well.  So it's not so much of the time we think we need to like talk about these things with a man. Like, okay, how do I show this guy or tell him that I'm a high value woman when a lot of the times it's just this energy, this vibe we're giving off. That's why this last one, number six is so important. You have to know your own value. And when you do that, everything else kind of organically falls into place. So that's all I wanted to add. It's the way you respond to the way he acts. It's not like walking up to a guy and telling him that you're this high value woman, right? Would you agree with that? Absolutely, absolutely. And so, yeah, so that's, if you want to really kind of figure out a lot of these things and you want a full system for how to really connect with a man, connect with yourself, you know, attract a man into your life and be really, really valuable to him. The type of woman that a man wants to commit to, the type of woman that a man wants to invest in and chase and give himself to, if you want to create a relationship and have the relationship that you really want in your life, I suggest that you go and check out our Feminine Enchantment Program at feminineenchantment.com. There's a link below this video to check that out. And Helena Hart is on there and she answers everybody's questions every week about what their personal situation is and it's all private and anonymous.  It's all, nobody's gonna see it. Nobody's gonna know who you are. And it's at feminineenchantment.com. You can get all your questions answered and really learn all the tools to being the high value woman that a man wants to have in his life and commit to and feel like you're the one for him. So that's it. Thanks to everybody for being here. Thanks everybody for being in the chat and talking. You, the women here, you are really the greatest part of our community and thank you so much for subscribing. We hit the 10,000 subscriber number yesterday, actually, which is really awesome. So thank you so much for that. You're really awesome. I love it. I love helping. I love all the testimonials that you send us. I love the questions that you send us. I love everything that's going on with this channel and working with you. So thank you so much. Do you wanna say anything, Elena? Yeah, no, you just took the words right out of my mouth. Yeah, you guys are awesome. Like we have such a good feeling about like where things are going with this. And yeah, I would love to work with you in feminineenchantment if you have personal questions about your situation and people are experiencing some really great results with some of that. So if you're looking to get more information or get your personal questions answered every week, I would love to work with you there if you wanna check that out. Awesome. All right. Well, thank you everybody and we will speak with you again soon.


Hello, my name is Guillaume Duclos, I'm an associate professor in geology at the University of Nice in south of France, and I study tectonics. To study the tectonic evolution of rocks, I'm actually using mainly two methods. Field geology, where I'm doing some mapping, structural mapping of deformed rocks. I'm using my compass, using maps, and making maps actually. And when I'm back in the lab, I'm mostly using numerical modeling and very large supercomputers to try to model the thermal and mechanical evolution of continental crust, to try to understand the processes that are controlling the deformation patterns in the continental crust.


Welcome to the annual DEF CON convention. This meeting was held in exciting Las Vegas, Nevada from July 9th through the 11th, 1999. This is video tape number 21. Introduction to TCPIP Exploits. Okay, next up is Pete Shippley. He's an elaborate on what I just talked about. He's going to be talking about TCPIP and its weaknesses. Let's give him a round of applause. Don't leave it. It's not going anywhere. He's not melting. That's good work, Mike. Okay, let's talk about stuff. Let's see. There we go, we're back. Welcome to review a little bit of what Pug has talked about. Then go on and explain the general exploits you're seeing every other day on bug tracks.  This is a newbie track. The purpose of this newbie track is so you don't have to ask stupid questions. We'll answer them for you. What we're basically covering here is what's TCPIP, why do we need it, basically what are ports and sockets, known problems, and these are general attack methods. If you're awake during the last hour, you already know this, what TCPIP is, set of protocols, basically became internet or fun stuff. I'm going to skip over the first several slides, obviously, since it's kind of redundant from Pug's talk. We have basically your...  Basically, if you use the internet, you use TCPIP. That's just where your life is. What is IP? It's basically a collection of protocols. They compromise the suite. While you're at the last talk, let me try to skip this stuff. That's the ISO stack. I'm going to raise this up here. You should actually know the ISO stack. I think it's from Bullshit. It reminds me of Senator Laird-Britto. Laird-1 makes you physical. That's your physical. That's your actual wire. Laird-2 is the protocol on the wire to the Ethernet. Laird-3, we're talking about IP. On top of that, it's TCP. Then we jump up to 6, which is probably the application. Now, I want you to keep an eye on this, because as I talk about various exploits, I'm probably going to work from the top down. What I'm going to do is point out, because everybody keeps saying, oh, what we're going to do is we're going to have a very secure program. Well, also, I break the foundation, the transport layer. Well, I'm going to write a secure transport layer. So I break the network layer. Well, we're going to use a better IP authentication. Well, I'll just break your link layer. This is what's happening in security continuously, and that's what I'm going to try to point out in this talk while explaining things. Everybody understands this, right? Good. Now, what nice thing TCP does is provides a connectionless, basically provides reliable connections over a connectionless protocol. As you know from this talk, it basically relies on three-way handshaking. I'm going over this again because it's important that you understand this part. It's ensured both sides agree that, hey, not only are we ready to talk, but we're going to talk. Like, for example, I go, hey, punk, yes, he goes, hey, Pete, we've established a communication. I've called him. He acknowledges my request to him, and we continue communication. That's exactly the three-way handshake is. So we have a client and server. I send a SIN packet. That's basically a SIN equals X. That is acknowledged. So the acknowledgement is a SIN plus one, and it also establishes a sequence. Now, at this point, that second sequence is acknowledged. There's a point down here. Again, you send out this. Now, the sequence in this direction is X, and the sequence in this direction is Y. Now, do you understand that this point is established and somebody has to be enduring the break? Well, how do we have randomized sequences? How do you know which sequence to use? Well, what is the starting sequence? That's the important part. Questions? Interrupt me any time for the question. Okay, with three-way handshakes, basically again, I'm reiterating this, so you understand so you don't get lost in five minutes. That we now all agree that both sides are very strange data and we have fun. Now, how do connections fail? That's actually kind of simple. We are on a client and server. I send a SIN. It sends a reset. Basically it says, no, thanks. Oh, mind you. This is an oversimplified case, but in general, that's hopefully the way it's going to work. Unfortunately, the IP stack is susceptible to tons and tons of, well, possible attacks for the millions-proofs. And that's what the remainder of this talk is about. Are there questions at all? Please just interrupt. If I get ahead of you, just say so.  One frustration I see is like, oh, I've got a new exploit. It's now a service attack. One thing in security to classify your attacks. So, in general, I find there's four types. There's disclosure information. That's theft of information. Getting your info file. Getting your credit report. There's destruction of data. Racing your files. Alteration of data. Changing your grades. Well... Disclosure is a tax against confidentiality of data. Stealing it. Exposing things. Reaching quake before it's ready. Password sniffers, e-mail sniffers. Those are all disclosure information. Destruction is wiping. Alteration is basically modification of data. It doesn't have to happen on a disk. It can actually happen on a network. While you're logged in from a client to a server, for example, some might insert data. That's alteration of data. And the most common is denial of service. These really script kiddies think they're hackers because they can just flood your network. No. That is not a break-in. That's denial of service. That's the fourth type. Now, what types of dust attacks exist? Well, we have ping flooding. Then there's modification echo-apply flooding. I'll explain these terms next slide or two. TCP looping. Ping of death. Sync. Fegro flow. I'm going to explain all these talks. I mean, that always exploits to you. Ping flooding is the most simple one. That's when you just send lots and lots and lots of pings. Just run ping-f from the Unix shell. Give it an IP host name. And the machine that you're on sends as many packets as possible to remote site. Effectively, it allows the attacker to possibly inhibit network activity. This is not going to work in your dial-up to my home T1. It will work for my T1 to your dial-up. And those that are here, the OC48, don't take out my T1. It's high bandwidth, it's low bandwidth. There's a friend who works at a large web development company, and they've got several OC48s. It's kind of humorous because people try to flood them out on IRC all the time. It's a waste of time. Okay. And another method is setting ping packets. Basically, he's in any kind of packet. But the ping program comes with the Unix shell. You know, why write code right? You just type ping-f. Well, if you really wanted to flood people out, you wouldn't use ping because routers are going to fail through that. How does it work? Simple.  No brainer. To be effective again, I want to reiterate you need greater bandwidth. I reiterate this because I don't know how many kitties in their dial-ups try to flood my home T1. It just doesn't work.  Well, in that case, the person can start setting reply packets. If that doesn't work, because they could literally start spawning your whole bunch of other, you know, host and reachable packets, just random UDP packets. Now, what do you want me to find? Do you have a problem with bandwidth that you have a small bandwidth that I have a greater bandwidth? Well, how do we abuse this? Well, we could abuse other people's bandwidth. As you know, ping is a simple program. You send out a packet and you get a reply back. Well, it comes back to you because you send it from your address. Here's a situation. There's my little notebook on the bottom. There's a bunch of badly set-up machines on the right and, of course, a nice little victim that I want to take out. Now, smurf attack is simple. I send a single spoofed packet to that network.   And also, not only you have problems, but other people will have problems from you. So when the government starts calling you up and why you're flooding the network, somebody's probably using you as that group of hosts on the right. Now, I send one packet to that group of systems. What do all those hosts do? They apply a lot. Now, again, I iterate one packet. Many packets. This is a classic smurf attack. Now, if I'm saying, so this is where your 14-4 modem can wipe out somebody's large neck connection. Again, flow attacks are easy to do. You should do it by filtering ICMP echo applied packets. The annoying part is you start filtering those. You can't ping people from your site. Other forms. Well, we have UDP echo spoofing. I'll explain this. We don't know what UDP is now. Well, we have echo spoofing. There's a nice little port. There's a whole bunch of little ports called internal services that come with your Unix machines and NT machines. One of which is echo. You tell it to that port and whatever you type gets typed back at you. If you send a UDP packet, it'll transmit the packet back to you. Kind of a ping-like thing, but it's a different layer of service. I don't know why it's there anymore. It's more of a legacy service. If any brings it all, you automatically turn this off. But we can have fun. Like, there's a little NT box over on the right-hand side. They put it, they install all the network services, including UDP echo.  What does my victim send the reply? Thus? What is that machine busy doing with all of its CPU time? This can go on for quite a while. Eventually, the CPU time maxes out. You drop a packet and it goes away. Another method I can send is, I can use a source address of localhost, which is, again, kind of a unique host that always refers to yourself. And I send local packets. The machine keeps quite busy. Variationally, transmitting to a broadcast address, we get a lot of machines broadcasting at each other and such. But it's kind of simple. There are patched versions of iNetD. That's the demon that spawns most of your internet network services under Unix. There are patched versions that would block these attacks as in, I'm not talking to myself, screw this, ignore it. That type of thing. IPv3 helps unprotected systems. I hope you all have a firewall. Cyber, who flaked out in his early morning talk, will be rescheduled. He's got to drop his PKI talk. He's got to build a firewall on a BSD. That's going to be five o'clock in this room. And if you do attend that talk, ask him where he was this morning. He was out shooting his guns instead of talking to you. So give him lots of help for that. Now, sin flooding. We all read the paper a few years ago. Sin flooding has actually been around for, about 15 years. A couple years ago, we actually released a public program and all of a sudden, all the script kiddies can do it. And all the script kiddies think it's new technology. Read a paper from Security Bureau 10 years ago. It's all talked about. In fact, all of the attacks were talked about 15 years ago. Here we are. Sin flooding allows attacking to deny a system, attacks a purple basis. You can read. Now, the way this simply works, you have my attacker system, not existent legitimate client. It used to be that most inmates at IP can only allow a certain number of starting connections. Now, they can have an infinite amount of current connections with only a small amount of pending connections. So if you're allowed to end pending connections, I can pick somebody and I go, hi. And this person says hi back to me, but I don't respond to that. Third person does it, fourth person does it. I send down connections. And anybody else says hello to him, he won't respond because he's too busy waiting for an answer from me and the other people.  So, I sin flood that system. Now, remember the 3D handshake. It sends all the acts into a black hole, a non-existent system. Now, that victim system is waiting for the acknowledgement to its acts. Are they going to come? We have to time out first. So, since nobody can establish a new connection, a legitimate client cannot connect. Now, if you're logged in the victim system, everything's just fine and handy. Your shell's working and typing away. Your machine's load is nothing, but nobody else can establish any new connections. What's the typical varies per host. It's usually, I'll do it on 45 seconds, Puckus. It's average. It pretty much varies a lot per host. There's a lot of software out there, actually. More advanced firewalls these days will detect this. And in the middle of an attack on a victim system, an intelligent firewall or perhaps certain type of security utilities will start transmitting the resets, causing all the acts to be reset. Destination holds in reachable. It depends on your firewall. Some firewall types, by default, just say host and reach before any packet they reject. Some firewalls don't apply anything. Other firewalls say never can reachable. It really depends on what product or whose security company brought into it. Hopefully, the firewall will reset will actually retransmit the connection. Again, it really depends on the product. I can't say what will happen. In most of my examples here, we're assuming there's no firewall involved. There's no connection. In this mode, active victim systems block takes very little bandwidth. You and your old dial-up, your ricochet modem can take out entire corporations this way. This assumes that you're running a like, you know, old version of Salaris or Salas. Any modern system that basically released in the last year or two is listed to this. Let's run into it. Again, strong filtering helps. Sins sniping. It is a fun one.  Well, this is how you do it. Is that layout again? Is that sin packet again? Now, remember how the three-way handshake you remember how normally a connection fails? Now, you'd assume the reset would come from the person receiving the connection to serve on the right. Instead, I fake the reset. The generic client doesn't know any better. Sin, reset, okay. Port that open. Now, when the act does come along, the generic client sees a sin part of that and says, reset. Both machines did not establish TCP connection and there are no errors in your logs. Actually, if you're running a program, our watch is kind of fun because our watch effectively the spoofed reset came from a wrong MAC address, but that could be fooled also. Yes? Huh?  By the sequence number of the reset zero, your sequence number by default is zero unless you've established a sequence. So, in theory, the attacker can stream resets of sequence zero at legitimate client. A connection can never be established. Again, now, the victim system can be selectively blocked. It requires, as I pointed out, local or intermediate network access. In other words, it has to be on one of the physical wires that this packet is traveling over to see the packets going back and forth. And it's pretty hard to detect because you're always spoofing. You can basically spoof your MAC address, spoof your IP address, obviously. It's kind of a bearer track down. Smart hubs help. Buy your Cisco Catalyst. Nice little VPN networks. Spoof protection. I hope a lot. Then, of course, I'd rather buy a nice car than a decent Vio5500. We're a free-loaded Catalyst Vio5500 with 110,000. Yeah. Security is expensive sometimes. Ping of death. We all know about this one. It's really simple. This is commonly implemented. It can be any type of IP packet, but it's commonly implemented as a ping. It implements a bug in layer three. Now, in all protocols, or most packet protocols, this is a concept of a maximum-sized packet. In ping of death, the error was that's 65K. And then I would transmit a ping packet which was fragmented. When you reassembled all the parts of that packet, it was larger than a buffer. So you see the first fragment, you write it to the buffer. You see the second fragment, write it to the buffer. You see the third, write it to the buffer. You see the fourth, over the edge. You overwrite parts to your system of kernel memory. Make you a blue screen of death. This worked on about every machine out there. Oh, wow. Again, this has been known for about a decade. Only really came to public light about a year or two ago. Basic options. If you have a firewall of control of, filter fragmented packets. There's no reason to allow a fragmented packet through your network. You want to say why? Well, why should a packet be fragmented? If you have a healthy network going over a healthy internet it shouldn't happen. The only time fragmentation could possibly happen if you have a large packet network, for example, FDDI, re-transmit it over Ethernet which has smaller packets at which point they're fragmented. But if you configure your network to do that, you should suffer. Again, so just filter fragmented packets. I think on the average, if you're on a website, you can lose up to 10% of... if I connect to you, sometimes it is 2%. As far as I'm concerned, tough. They have a broken network. Now, permutations of this. Teardrop attack. And so we have IP fragment flooding that is micro-fragments overlapping is fun stuff. Overlapping fragments are fun. Effectively, teardrop is a widely available tool. I can download it, root shell. I kind of hate root shell for this because they have umpteen versions of teardrop, yet they don't say what the teardrop attack is. Wouldn't it be nice for those hacker websites out there actually bothered to write even a paragraph to say what it is right off the club here, explain them to you? No, that might take effort. This is mostly almost Linux and NT. Linux and Windows are mostly vulnerable to this. Linux should be upgraded. Perhaps FreeBSD. And if you want FreeBSD, we have free CDs in the conference area. Unlike Linux, FreeBSD is free. How much is red hat? Ejected for prices, actually. And by the way, it wouldn't make any available for free at DEF CON. I'm not going to rank them too much. I'll do that in a bar later. Okay. Again, IP filtering helps. Generally what happens is you have a badly formed fragment. So you have one fragment comes in. You have a badly formed packet that comes in that tries to process the packet. Machine burps. In other words, it wasn't analyzing the fragments as it came in. Maybe the assumption that the offset in the packet was correct. It would, well, inside the packet in a fragment, I kind of skipped out on punks as talking about the option for breakfast. So in case you explained this to you, I'm sorry. But thankfully, in a packet, if you're fragmented, there's an offset reference. Well, if that offset reference doesn't match the content of the packet, your program might be trickling to doing something wrong and blowing up. Another fun thing, this is not in my slides, but one great way it used to be to take out Cisco routers about eight years ago, is an IP of lots of variable options. And the way the header assembles is there's a byte offset to next option. And the way the computer works is take current address, add offset, and process current option. If you set that byte to zero, what does the machine do? Re-process that option until power goes out. On a single-threaded TSPIP stack like Linux, you can really wait for your machine to really just slowly stops. If you're multi-threaded, like any slurs of BSD machine, it's not a problem.  Again, fragment-fragmenting is another fun one. When fragments come in, as you realize, you need to deal with these things. Sometimes fragments don't show up in order. So you're getting snippets of articles coming in, snippets of packets. You've got to scroll them in memory somewhere until the other part comes up. You connect them together and then pass it on to the application layer. What if I send lots and lots of fragments to your machine? What happens to your RAM space? It fills up with useless garbage. Indeed, really vulnerable to this. Linux and the BSDs are actually really good about this. When they begin to run out of memory, they start just dumping the packets. Because if the packet wasn't properly acknowledged, it would be retransmitted or resent, it's not a problem. But there's a good way of eating up lots of CPU resources and run out of RAM real fast. In other words, micro fragments. Let's make fragments so small, I don't recognize what they are. So if I fragment, now mind you, we had Ethernet, IP, TCP. If you filter it at the TCP layer, it's assumed you could read the entire TCP packet. At least the header part. Or what if I fragment my packet so small, you can't read the header as a full part. Can you still filter? No? What do you do? We probably pass it through. So what you do is use fragment in your packet so small, each one is not identified as a problem. Simple. Yes? Firewall policy of dropping off fragments would help a lot. Certain firewalls actually do reassembly. I believe the Cisco had a firewall that just discontinued. The NT based one. Yeah, Sentry was pretty good because the Sentry actually had a packet, fragment packet policy that would reassemble fragments for passing them on. Actually pretty good. It was a bit memory intensive but it worked. Most other firewalls were simply forward to fragments. The PIX firewalls option is only pass fragments when they come in order. So obviously the micro fragments may not work, actually. I think it just drops those. The overlapping fragments and the fragment flooding would not work because it only allows fragments in order. Mind you, this breaks the Linux because when Linux fragments, it breaks a packet, maybe three parts. It says the last part first and the first part last. So the PIX firewall simply drops the packet because it gets fragments four, then three, then two, then one. When it gets packet four, it goes three, two, one, ditch it because this is a random fragment. I don't know if that's a bug in Linux or a bug in PIX, but well, questions? Okay, other fun things. What more about sniffing? You know how to get your password stolen? Uh-huh. Up-cash poisoning is a fun one. Now mind you, if you want to work my way down that protocol stack. Every time I explain a fix, I'm going to break it again in about five minutes. Now sniffing is a fun one. Don't you have a little number on the bottom? 85. Yeah, 95% of attacks. I love these kids that call themselves hackers because they break into one ISP two passers breaking into another ISP two passwords. What are you actually showing technique? Now sniffing is easy for the person who hasn't figured it out yet. It's simply the intersection of data. It's client sends a server, my notebook sitting on your machine has your password. Anybody use any of these applications or protocols? Come on! Your password has been stolen. Tell them that. Clear text, unencrypted. I'll log in. Clear text, unencrypted. Well, pop. I'm that. Clear text. A-pop is kind of fusing A-pop.  I can only read your mail. I can't read your password. Uh, HTTP.  Simple mail transfer. Clear text. Simple network management. Clear text. RPC. NFS. Clear text. All of which are available to be listened to over your network. You guys secure? Have you used SSH? SSL will be provided encryption. SSL simply means the person who cannot listen to your packets between you and the server. It does not mean a server is secure. Well, my pet pee is like, we're secure. We use SSL. That doesn't mean they're secure. It means that the data getting to them is encrypted. The second it's headed off to their applications is clear text. This again, just name a few. Be aware. Download SSH. Download secure. You know, secure CRT. Use it. If your ICP doesn't support it, tell them to. If they don't, get a new ISP. Best protection? Buy a smart hub. I know. It's kind of expensive, but you got to do it if you're going to be serious. Use SSH. Use Kerberos. That's kind of nice. There's DESchallup. It's not really widely distributed as it should be. Whenever possible, remove Miscous Mode. On my home site, you can't sniff. I've rebuilt all my kernels, and I removed the capability from sniffing from my kernels. I removed my system. People do all the time. You can't sniff. It makes your network a little bit more secure. Well, to rebuild the kernel, it'd be kind of nice, but you got to replace the kernel. But because it's a immutable file, you need to reboot the machine from console and install it.  Maybe by cow, I'll have to be there or sneak in the war room and do it for me, but I don't know. Hopefully, but on local etherettes, and I love this. I've told you about all the different ways about TCP IP and how you can fool things and redirect things. Let's go one layer. Let's go to layer two. Ethernet level. Press anybody to impersonate anybody on your local LAN. Hmm. Yeah, I love it. We've got a secure IP coming out. We're doing all the secure stuff with IP. We're encrypting our packets and everything else. Oh, it's too bad. I just blew your foundation away. Bound analysis service is a lot of redirects. How does ARP cache work?  Every network, if the ether card has, in theory, a unique MAC address and also a lot of unique IP addresses. Hopefully, it's a unique IP address. How do the machines figure out who's who? Well, some called ARPs. So, host 3.4 does a transit. Hey, who's 3.8? That's a broadcast over the local ethernet. That machine applies. Hey, that's me. Oh, field notification. That's a MAC address number. The first several bytes are... You can pretty much tell what kind of host I'm working with here by looking at the first several bytes. I'll leave that to your own figuring out what kind of machine I have at home. And the second set of bytes are the host type. But by just looking at the MAC address, you can tell the hardware type. So, in the case of a break-in, what happens? Here we are with that little transmission. Hey, who is this person? I lie. Where did the IP packets go? Straight down. By the way, Loft will be announcing a product this weekend. If you're interested in this stuff, look for the announcement.  One more quick thing about this. You don't have to wait for the request. A lot of applications will just take except a packet. If you just get on a network and say, Hi, I'm the new RAC, I'm the new RAC, I'm this manager running addresses. A lot of machines are like, Oh, okay, update the cache, and start sending information here. And, of course, I don't believe in hand-out-things-on-hand-out fixes. Again, mortgage a house by a smart hub or switch. You know? Whatever possible, remove some misgivings from your kernel. That's like a broken record. Our watch is really good. This is a program that a friend of mine wrote. It basically listens to your network and keeps a table of IP addresses to Ethernet addresses. If someone gets, if a new one shows up, it says a notification, Hey, new IP address, or Hey, new MAC address. If somebody uses somebody else's IP address, it goes, Hey, that changed. So, if I plug this my notebook into your network and start trying to take over your network, at least I know about it. It's really good for people running large sites, when people are already having employees bringing new computers in and moving computers around the network. It catches them real fast. On stable networks, in other words, places on being the IP address all the time. Go to your servers, preferably Unix. You can also do some NT, or you figure out where that menu is by yourself. And you can permanently insert into an ARP table. That's the command ARP-S, IP address, MAC address You have to permanently insert that MAC address into your kernel table. Which means that I ignore the broadcasts. If you have your mail server, your DNS server, all your different servers, I hope you're not running on the same machine. That's another foolish thing to do. But that's different talk. I hope each of your major network services runs on dedicated individual hardware. And I hope when you get home that you go into hard code, your MAC address is between servers. This way, no one can spoof. Mind you, when a machine crashes and you replace the Ethernet card, life will be bad.  But, good luck. And this doesn't quite work with transit networks, DHCP based stuff. Pardon me. Do you need MAC addresses and MAC hardware? Yeah. Yes and no. Most cards, the most newer cards actually have the MAC address that's changed, usually programming. By default, the MAC address is assigned to the card unless you use SPARC, which puts it out as bound to the CPU. So it's kind of a pain, yes. If you put two Ethernet cards into the same SPARC station, they both have the same MAC address. And if you connect them both to the same Ethernet for some various reasons, things are going to get broken real fast. But real thumb it's bound directly to the card. Fact done. On the back it says EA and then my Ethernet address happens to be the same one in the slide. But it's bound into your card. Now, sequence prediction. You thought you had SSH? Well, this won't break SSH. It'll just make your life a little bit more annoying. But this is a good way of trashing your Ethernet connections. Trot to route. Route will be happy to point you to the FRAC article that gave you the program to do this, no problem.  Let's say I take out Trusted Hosts. So, sin flood. Bye-bye. It could be Ping of Death. It can be the latest application. Don't worry about that. That machine is out. Next, I go Hi, Target. Hi, Pete. Now, so let's go to sequence one. Let's say the sequence number, let's say you'd be 10. Next one, that's 12. 14. What's next? We're going to be 16. So what do I do? I send a spoofed packet. It replies to me as the 16. Using that number I can reply, even though I never saw the acknowledged sequence number. Again, there you go. We connect up. We send a few packets. Eventually we get. We actually figure out what the sequence is. We find it's very predictable. Most new machines now randomize the starting sequence.  I mean, you ran our bone as one program. It was great. Sequenced, guest sequence, real sequence. And you just watch the numbers converge. And then once the numbers converge, the program just, you're out.  It's like in a movies. So, I love all the watching the hacker movies, because, you know, these hackers put more time into the GUIs of the application. I wish I could I wish I could do it when I was just like yeah, from other people. I mean. But okay, back here we send this poof, send it to the, you know, send it to the trusted host. By default, you'd think the trusted host would have sent a reset. But it's down. Can't send a reset. Which allows me to do it. Mind you, you only get one packet. That's one of the problems. But that packet can be reboot. Send me a next term. Our host, you know, defconn.org.  All you need is one command. Follow? Questions? No, see, again, this is just an explanation. I wasn't going to print out the slides, but it's too early in the morning to go to King Island and print them. These slides will probably be available on a defconn web page. DTO has always published these things. But this is an explanation of what I just said. OS is now a randomizer. Numbers makes it a little bit harder to do. Turns out some of the randomizations were very weak. So even though it looked random, it wasn't random. Crypto-login helps a lot. Because under crypto-login, after you've established a three-way handshake, when you're still using the encrypted, especially SSH as an example, you still need to perform the key exchange. So it's more than one packet. Yes? There's one for RFC. Some of the RFCs are basically in the documents that propose standards. And then there's another one for randomizing the sequence key. Do you know about those? I'm familiar with the different propositions. I recommend using the RFC of the randomized one, not the non-randomized one. It's up to you. I imagine that the RFC is a standard and the other one is a homebrew. I mean, if your network works, don't worry about it. And here we are, session hijacking. This is very similar to what I just did. Is that slide again? No. I'll save you the effort of seeing the three-way handshake. Let's just see it happen. You are happily logged into your ISP. You're on IRC. Don't let it in. What else? And what happens? I speak for packet. I hijack the session. Basically, I know what your sequences are. I jump into the conversation midstream. I exchange a packet or two. All of a sudden your trusted host is out of sequence. So it's going to be ignored. And I now have your teleconnection. That time means tricky. That's why you use software. Now, once I send that, I can send out. Now, the problem is you're going to have an axe storm. Because your target host is going to say it's not going to get acknowledgement for packet it sent. And it's going to start screaming axes at each other. Same thing for the trusted host. And eventually your connection will drop. Because you're going to discover the axe associated with that TCP. And you're kind of going to go, I have something screwy here called connection. A partial hack might be to send an ARP to the target host. And make it send its axe to Never Never Land. That would be a pretty good one. It drops a little bit. So quick exclamation. I desynchronize the connection. Then I jump into the sequence that I established. And your type and the long list on your screen doesn't respond anymore. And I've got the session on my notebook. The software's published in FRAC. Anybody feel, everybody going to use tell it again? Anybody who used tell it before and not again? And again, mortgage the house by decent network equipment. Port scans. We're all about them yet. Yeah, I'm going to go over them quickly because that's actually what the next talks about. DNS cache poisoning is a fun one. Did you notice that DEF CON web page was down for a few weeks ago? DNS cache poisoning. So port scan is kind of easy. I'll skip through this quickly because this is actually what the next talks about. You send a port to connection one. I get a reset. It's closed. Two, reset. Port three, reset. Skip to seven. Open. I got ports open. Port seven. Discard was open. 11 was closed. 20, FTP was open. This basically happens when you're on strobe or end map. You're on strobe or end map. That's the next talk. Yeah, I'm going to skip through this. Different types of options. I'm going to skip through this because, again, I don't want to take the window of somebody's sales. So we're doing fine on time. Basically, by the way, I don't want to do resets. I'm going to skip through this again. I don't want to take the window out. You can spot this stuff. There's a few applications. GCP log, NET-STAD, APICUS. Those are the little applications you can run on your server. Again, I'm skipping these slides. They're all next hour. DNS catch poisoning. Everybody know about DNS or how it works? I'll tell you. Okay. Here's the .server, .com server, and the acne.com server. And, of course, legitimate client and DNS server. Now, this is a normal, healthy situation. Your client goes to your local DNS server and goes, hey, where's acne.com? We send a packet off to the root of our internet called . He goes, hey, who's acne.com? I don't know, 1js.com. Hey, who's acne.com? I don't know, 1js acne. Hey, who is this person? Oh, the answer is, and it gets sent up with the proper IP address. Simple, huh? Now, it might seem inefficient, but actually what happens is your DNS server down here caches that information. So next time somebody asks, is already in the cache. A little bit more efficient that way. Also causes some minor security problems. Vulnerability is a cache. You always insert erroneous information. Like, where did that reply actually come from? Here we are again. As an outside person, I go, hey, who's acne.com? It goes, where is that? I reply. It sends you the answer. That's obviously the wrong address. Gee, could that be the save IP address at www.defcom.org had maybe three weeks ago? I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. So what happens later on? Somebody else asks for it. You get that reply. Okay, what if we were talking Wells Fargo bank and that IP address was my home web server? What would happen when I ask for your password? You type it in. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. You type it in. And what happens when I ask you about your account number? You type it in. Then what happens? I go to jail. I go to jail. I go to jail. I have to pay for my death contract. I have to pay for my death contract. But again, you update the current versions 8.something by Paul Vixie. I recommend that. For a person who knows what I was talking about, yes, I know there are several permutations to this. It used to be we're just having a mess. It used to be that DNS servers would only accept responses. They would just accept a response, actually. They wouldn't even care if it asked a question or just accept it. Now it only accepted responses for questions asked. Well, eventually you realize what would just ask a question first. So the DNS server goes, fine, we'll start sequencing our requests. And making sure the answer is the same sequence. That didn't work. The sequences are very predictable. B, you're able to send all the possible sequences within a minute anyway. Let me know the sequence.  Not long. So they took care of that. But it turns out the sequence ramization is not that random. So it's a little finger in here, but in the latest version it's a lot better. In the next version we're actually going to have encryption. That'll help a lot. Yes. In the earlier rate, yes and no. In this case, we're assuming you're actually going to ask it. Yes, it will ask it, but a lot of times we'll send a packet out asking for what's the current version of IP address. It's called the SLA record, which is a serial number. And if I reply with a higher serial number I can override it. So when I say that little fake packet it's going to have a serial number of 9,999,000 just to have some astronomical number with an expiration date we'll never time out. So that's going to be in your cache. It's already in your cache. I might not get it in, but then all I got to do is ask for another record that's not in your cache and I can probably slip it in. One of the other exploits, of course, was piggybacking. I run Disorg. That's my home domain. And I would, for example, get you to do a Disorg lookup. And then my Disorg reply, piggyback a Wells Fargo reply. That's another way of slipping past the gates. Again, I can quite literally go on for an hour of just permutations of this one. So in closing for this particular topic, we'll just say even you just install slow seven upgrade. Whenever you buy a commercial product, download install. Same thing with Sandbell. So effectively upgrade, fix pending, you know, modern version tracks queries, etc. BGP, anybody know what that is? Yes. This is a fun one. We always talk about it was a take it. Want to know how to do it? Actually Disorg has released some automated scripts for this one. Okay, here's a little network. We have an internal router with a couple of peers. Obviously these people have got money since they have multiple connections to the internet. Internal router establishes a BGP connection to the peer routers. Blue Routers. I'm on the outside world. BB and Nasty Saab I don't know what the sequence is. But there's only 65,000 of them. How long is it going to take me? Now, eventually that network goes out. When internal router and router A discover a drop of T speak connection, internal and A assume the other guy crashed. Automatically we rebalance the internal hash return of balance tree of routes. And if you're anywhere near a large hub or large center of the universe, that can take a long time or a lot of memory. And after it balances this, it reestablishes connection and then rebalances the tree after the tree is balanced, then your connectivity. So the network can be down for up to 20 minutes. This is an extreme case, but it takes a while. So if a peer loses a BGP connection, you're screwed. You no longer have connectivity to your one peer. There's a blind attack. There are one in 65,000 chance. Not a problem. Not a lot of read, but in the slot machine. It's the attacker may be able to keep the connection down infinitely by continuously resetting resets to zero. Again, what's the first sequence number? Zero. And to reestablish a sequence, it's assumed to be zero. So when you send out the sin, the reset is sequence zero since we've reestablished a full sequence. The attacker may keep things down. And eventually the routing table is large enough. There's no time to come back up. So your network goes up, what? Three minutes every 10 minutes? Or worse? Your site's out of luck. You can really embargo a corporation this way. And the network admins will go nuts because the routers are up. The routers are pinging each other. Your Cisco Discovery protocol says, yep, I see a router right next to me, and you get the connection. It goes right back down and you can pull the howl all day to the network monitor. And again, this attack is best fixed by filters. Unfortunately, if I get to pick on Cisco, it's more actually networks. You lose about 40% of your bandwidth when you turn on IP filtering.  So what's the problem? Question? Yeah, how is it possible Well, since I'm probably spoofing, it's going to take a while. You probably have to manually do it. You really just can't say where the packet came from because the source address has a wrong stamp on it.  How long do they get to call this? I don't know, I don't work there. It really depends. I don't want to subpoena first. It's a whole privacy versus workability issue. It falls into Jennifer's, I guess, column. But this is a fun one. This one's really just way too much fun. You know, we have IP filters, so... Yeah.  The centralized hubs just don't have enough bandwidth to support filtering. Most companies, the best thing you can do is if you run a company, you run an ISP, filter your outbound. There's no reason a packet should leave your network if it's not from your network. That being, have an outbound filter means that all packets leaving your net have a source address of your network.


What's your problem? What's your problem? You say what? Louder. She's mine. She's yours. Who are you? How long have you been living in her? All her life. So you can use physical strength to stop her. Okay? She can only be stopped by the strength of Jesus Christ. Of Jesus Christ? I command you, I'm of Jesus Christ! Take her if you dare. You say what? Take her if you dare. Dare try. Try. Try. You say what? Try and take her. Try. Jesus Christ is taking her now. Try. Try. In the name of Jesus Christ.  In the name of Jesus Christ. In the name of Jesus Christ. Watch the power of Jesus Christ in action. Thank you, Lord. And for the camera purposes, can you please tell us your name and where you're from? Gladys from Pasco, Washington. Gladys, can you please share your testimony with us? What were the things you were struggling with? Before the conference, I used to have dreams where I would see people that I worked with. People I couldn't stand at work. They kind of get on my nerves. And then I would see myself making love to them in my dreams. And there's just like other people that I had relationships with in the past. I see them as well. And I had, I used to isolate myself to the point where I was thinking of moving back home. And I didn't tell my mentor. I didn't tell anyone because I was like, if I tell someone, then they're going to talk me out of it. So I isolated myself and was looking for like playing tickets. And I decided, I planned everything out. I planned it all out. Now that's with the fact that you sacrificed so much, left everything where you were from and moved to Tri-Cities, right? Yes. Can you elaborate on that point, please? So before I, it was about five months ago, I left Florida to come to the Tri-Cities. And I felt like God was telling me to move to the Tri-Cities. And as soon as I got here, I used to just isolate myself and just think that, okay, well, I guess it's time for me to move back home. I got it. I'm ready to move back home. And two days before the conference, I told, the bad thing about it is I would only talk to people who I know would agree with what I was doing. So what I did was, I told my friend, I was like, hey, I'm thinking about coming back home. And she was just like, awesome. And so what we did is that I told her, but I didn't tell everyone that I was going back home. And then two days before the conference, I was like, okay, God, I feel like you're telling me to go back home. And then like two days before the conference, I had a dream. It was like two seconds. And it was just like, this is where I brought you. This is where you're supposed to stay. And I woke up and I'm like, dang it. Like I was, because I was convinced that I was going back home. And so what happened during the Monday service with the Apostle John Chee? I came here and then we were sitting in the back and then we came for the prayer line. So I came and then Apostle started praying for someone else and then I just wanted to get away from him. And then I started manifesting that I was a spiritual husband and this, that, and that. What did you feel during your deliverance? Not myself. Like I don't remember mainly like what happened. Okay. And so after your deliverance, how do you feel right now? What changes do you see in your life? I don't have those dreams anymore. I don't want to go back home. So you decided to stay for good? I decided to stay. And I'm like trying to be more open with my mentor because I would just close myself off and just, I wouldn't talk to Alexandra at all. And then so now I call her like, Alexandra, I'm trying to be more open with you. So I think I have something to tell you. Awesome. Awesome. Let's put our hands together for Jesus Christ. That is, we thank you. We thank God so much for your deliverance. And would you please share a word of advice to people who might be in need of deliverance or struggling with some things you were struggling with? What can you tell them? I have two things. The first one is a lot of people think that Sex and the Dreams is kind of like normal and they think that there's nothing wrong with it and obviously there's a problem, there's a spiritual problem behind it. Secondly is don't isolate yourself and make decisions based off what you have thought about and just talk to people who you know have your best interest at heart and not just want you to just come back home and just be comfortable. Thank you so much. Thank you Gladys for sharing your testimony. Thank you.