What's going on, everyone? Sam here with late sports cards dripping 22 top stadium club Chrome baseball hobby eight box half case break number one pick your team style got a list of our names and our teams got a mirror E with the blue J's Brad B Cubs Brian a with the white socks illegal with the pirates Daniel R with the Reds Daniel B with the Phillies got Jared M with the twins Greg M with the red socks and the Marlins and the Rangers Ian J Diamondbacks Jacob J with the Giants Jeffrey H Yankees John A with the Guardians Jordan N with the Padres we got KPAC with the Tigers and the Astros Lance H athletics Michael T with the Mets Nolito S with the rays Rain C with the Cardinals Richard S with the Rockies Russell G with the Brewers Sho A with the Mariners Ty W with the Orioles Takumi O with the Braves Taylor S Royals Nationals Young K with the Dodgers and this guy's name is its characters in a different language with the Angels sorry this guy comes in interrupts the random just copy that guy's name all right good luck everybody Louise Heel rookie Honus Wagner nice orange to 25 there you go congrats on that one Pittsburgh there you go illegal Louise Castillo and Jared comic team of the future lube up there's our auto Stephen Kwan nice for the Guardians refractor auto very cool hit the Kwan baby we just hit the Kwan very nice and Brandon well Yvonne Castillo destiny Joe Adele got nice destiny wave is Julio Rodriguez nice one there rookie Andre Dawson Bo Jackson who's that team team team Padres Tati's got Jake walking in here interrupting pick your teams refractor Roy Campanella for the Dodgers can't be Andrew Heaney and Jose Concecal very true destiny Juan Soto we got a wave at team of the future showhead for the Angels Jared Walsh and Hank Aaron these are sweet dude I love stating this is like the luminance of yeah there's trophy hunters Clayton Kershaw Rhino and J rod rookie 101 big dumper portrait let's go dude that's what we need right there there's a blue a big poppy to 1.99 nice one there for the red sign big poppy sliding I don't see that a lot you're good tossing the recap good G to G good to go team of the future Bobby Witt gorge on the Denand what las newt by beam team Anthony at Rizzo W Riz see me the future of Bobby Witt junior Luke Voigt Hans Krause refractor rookie for the Phillies Hans Krause again and Craig Howard refractor for the Phillies Tyler McGill and a Jim Palmer trophy hunters big unit Randy Johnson Palacios and Justin Turner we're looking at one auto a box yep one-on-card per box quad great way to start with Stephen Kwan by the way yeah oh yeah interesting to see who's redemption this is this area so potentially wander and J rod being redemptions trophy hunters Juan Soto Joe Morgan and Tariq spooball team of the future of wander rookie Lucius Fox that is refractor auto for the Nationals nice one there with those city connectors very cool Joe Perez and Max Kepler Anthony Rizzo refractor for the inks I don't think so I don't think Matt pulled any tonight I have to look at what he pulled Fernando Tazis the chainsaw devil Chas McCormick they're for sports tonight all three baseball hockey beam team Bobby Witt junior Eli Harris Montero Matt didn't yeah I assume tough Joshua yeah I don't think Matt pulled any today destiny jazz chisel wave Fernando Tazis destiny like and that's good actually really good game beam team Mookie oh dude roll chase bag let's go let's do it dude I'll watch that till coffee and stuff team of the future Kyle Tucker team auto 25 nice dude yeah I saw the I saw the Ellis super yeah drew Ellis I think was the super he pulled Anthony Rizzo was J rod a with your redemption or was he live that Joshua do you remember off top of your head I don't know what the situation with him is in this one blue Jesus Sanchez to 199 for the Marlins show hey and Josh Bell redemption yeah I assumed so team of the future Juan Soto for the Padres that manning rookie Erickson Bader is a yank nice beam team Peter Lonzo for the Mets Jonathan Heasley or John Heasley just John he's like the dolo there's a blue boba shet bow flows to 199 yes Winder Peterson but O'Neill Cruz rookie on top Clayton Kershaw refractor Luke Williams and Godzilla a documentary masters has the like little part three challenge thing going on today I'd be cool but may have already happened probably yeah it's either already happened or I saw there's something about Bubba Watson different four to go on our second tiered random team break of contenders basketball again there's four to go on those let's get that filled on up brand new products just coming out today that with limited and stating club chrome all came out today which is fantastic really fun release the very unique very different products coming out today which is awesome green Mike Clevenger to 99 for the Padres welker man match full cases as well that is Freddy Freeman yep trophy hunters full cases of contenders full 12 box cases you got what 24 autos in that big on-card rookies pulled a lot of good names today which is a lot of fun team of the future Austin Riley for the brave CJ Abrams Brian De La Cruz yeah check it out you guys are interested in some contenders like I said just came out today beam team is Ronald Acuna wave destiny is uh jazz at shizzle sorry hunter Christian Hernandez or no yeah no pique Hernandez pique Hernandez my bad cow rick and jr gold 50 the iron man there you go Orioles that's sweet gold iron man cow rick and jr 250 drew Ellis yeah Matt pulled drew Ellis the guy in the Mariners Matt pulled that super today that's who it was there's a blue Kenley Jansen for the Braves the 199 Dolos Garcia and Ronald Acuna jr is a Trevor Storey refractor Kenley Jansen John means Cecil fielder at his team of the future Sean Murphy pause and George Brown team of the future hunter green rookie months yet nice we've got an auto to look forward to uh David Ortiz trophy hunters Ernie Clement Ernie Clement got traded preview picks I did not Joshua give me the run down give me the run down Derek Jeter trophy hunters beam team miggy rookie Seya Suzuki Jeremy Pena rookie as well Andre Jones hey that's awesome meatball well welcome back in Ronald Acuna destiny and although messy daylight what that's sick we've got Curtis Terry refractor it's gonna be auto Josh Winder for the twins nice one there Minnesota on the refractor order Josh Winder Ryan Pepio and uh Jordon meatball get ready for a lot of inside jokes that you oh yeah absolutely I love the hobby too man I know I like I just I had to go to I had to go to post office today to um to pick up my mail key no I turned to ebay offer like about another oh yeah yeah about another 20 days I think I'm gonna be on vacation mode till I get everything set up and um there's John the India team of the future and I um I had to get my mail key so I have to change the locks because I'm in like one of those ones that it's like a neighborhood that has like yeah yeah like the post office boxes yeah so like I'm um John means to 199 I have like four packages of cards I've been buying on Facebook and stuff coming in for ebay so I think I'm gonna go this week to do uh wow Holland Messi Benzema Neymar Ronaldo Lavandowski six-way jeez dude that's uh Bryce Harper trophy hunters that's insane yeah I bought I've just been buying like people do like fire sales or just have like stuff for sale on on Facebook Juan Soto refractor Robin yeah is it pc stuff or flip flip stuff yeah some pc stuff like whenever I do that if they have like Raven stuff if I'm buying stuff to flip I'll just be like because it cuts down the cost not shipping to some degree right Carlos Correa because if you think about it if you buy like if you pay four dollar flat rate shipping like and then you buy an extra three card you essentially allocate the cost less and less of those shipping destiny for nanotapes jr there's Adrian Payante for the Cardinals nice one there so like basically what I'll always do too is like if I'm putting them into my spreadsheet of what I paid for something I'll just divide the cost of shipping by however many cards I bought and then add that in so usually it's like 23 cents that makes it so it'll be like if I buy 40 dollar cards and it's for it like four dollars to ship it just 44 divided by 40 and usually comes out to a very very small number right beam team Wanda Franco rookie my Frank Thomas rookie that's awesome though uh orange manual Rivera gold just kidding 36 to 25 gold a manual Rivera rookie for the dbex very cool I like it's been good so far I'm big fan of stadium club this is fantastic oh the cheap ebay shipping that is where I make my money dude that's Ken Griffey jr because most of my stuff like a big majority of the stuff I sell is 20 dollars and under and it helps so much dude to the future j rod that I know josh where they got swept by the pirates that stinks the pirates stink beam team show it and a beam team wave of niggie the grom and Logan Gilbert plus if you're buying stuff too it makes it so much better because like you're not gonna buy a dollar card that costs five dollars a share that's ludicrous right cody bellinger refractor like piazza once I introduce that dude I started doing so much more volume team of the future show hey he's mine crandall that's fire dude that's an awesome pick that's so cool lubebob and josey gregg panic sleeves toplers cars here that's pretty solid green is adrian peltray for the rangers the 99 nice one there grads at texas can't touch this because he's he's like a big thing like oh yeah so there's like compilation on youtube with people touching his head but can't touch this in the back let's see that but he's not funny I'll show it to you always mention well you don't have to be in team expensive torque was in a watch event gotcha and obiast is connected nice I got 17 minutes in well that's a record the new team in the future will smith I don't want to stop like the recording dude so if I exit out it's gonna stop the freaking recording Mike trout jerks and pro far oh Jackson hey reconnect it there we go nice team of the future of latty jr give me a thumbs up on twitch or youtube if we're good still I don't streamed crashed but uh you shremsky don't look like it stall base says we have 40 people watching me back everybody I give a thumb up on twitch well I see that's j rod is uh destiny thank you ac destiny j rod wave Miguel Cabrera trophy hunters okay yeah good good twitch good twitch good apparently blue wheels coming out huh refractor iron man calrick and jr she never understood that superhero so trophy hunters max scherzer the franimal and kreg beezio oh kreg beezio's in this not interesting maybe buying the astros and some p yt's now bean team lube up bulls in base air and judge we've got wonder franco 99 of 99 let's go raise there we go heck yeah dude it's go tamper who we got who's got him who's got him it's gonna be no leto s congrats no leto heck yeah dude 99 of 99 on the bookend is youtube not connected are we live on youtube too i don't see anybody coming up on youtube yeah i guess we are yeah we are heck yeah dude what a way to start on card wander 298 nine get that mag for you congrats again no leto that's sweet thank you jim brights heart for beam team wave steven kwan hit the kwan baby on the rookie good half case man hunter green rookie as well moralice erin ashby great great great half case we're rocking with so far beam team cj abram's up uh wahoo's there's a blue babe ruth nice it's a 199 for the inks that's an awesome picture dude yeah playing the saxophone the other guys covering his ears siebold edwin cabrera and robby grossman dude this has been a fun man i like stadium club i always like stadium club stadium club's awesome but uh it's good so far man we put a couple of big time cards coming out of here so far as well big time wander wander every time i pop in you pull yank i honestly it's that yankee fan the yankee fan connection wahoo's you know the you know the vibes on that edger martinez last night it was demingas and jeter that's not that's not too bad today it was baby last night demingas and jeter that's awesome dude buster posie tj friedl refractor rookie auto for the reds actually used to be a customer of ours rizzo and brendan donovan interest a little known fact yeah team of the future spencer trochelson oh there's uh there's got to be something checked for sure alvin beam team freddy freeman the amount of issues we run into i don't think it's internet i think it's something within either the program or like something in the system yeah i won't say it's internet blue max munsey 2199 who's not like our internet connection goes down it's just obie right the uh dynasty is hobby bias paying in latency is fair fair it's up smack uh vladi jr or yeah vladi jr mookie betz teoska hernandez lavastita refractor rookie for the guardians team of the future osan riley rhino j rod rookie as well and a alex uh phato steven w taking a spot in tiered down to three to go in that second tiered contenders break so thank you guys again let's get those uh filled on up then we'll go into limited after as well so thank you guys very much team of the future hunter green rob taking a spot in one of the divisions thank you rob cross erin judge judge thank you there rob taking a spot in our first divisional break that's now down to six joe ryan refractor rookie there's strawberry charlie blackman those are gonna be fun dude i hope there's still booklets in limited there were last year uh yuhenio suarez 250 for the mariners nice one there yuhenio suarez beam team tates yaz and straws where you look on the trebles yeah true shoyotani trophy hunters like there is for limited but it's been like because i think there's none for contenders yet but there probably is for limited hopefully joey vato beam team ready peralts up mckenzie gore no one the old crew super fracter yet unfortunately no graphics card is updated that could be potential too it just sucks because will's not here anymore bulls in gaming so we have no it people are the jay i mean it's so hard to find out that your eye work is untrue i can do that there's a blue vlady senior signing an auto that's cool to 199 for the uh that'll go nationals schmidt steve carleton refractor whit marifield beam team hunter green for the reds thank you there uh eric p taking a spot in one of the limited uh tiered random team style pita lanza team of the future so another spot came in there appreciate there appreciate you on that one buddy thank you eric they do have booklets they do perfect wonderful see them in the future rondo cunier jr probably have a one a case or so they're all pretty short short short printed yeah like i think the high i think the base is 31 and then there's half five parallels at one one so they're very very short uh ken griffey jr there's a green raffi devers trophy hunters to 99 for the red sox you're so you're saying there's only 31 total booklets there's 31 for each player correct for each player each player has 31 as a base oh that's like the base and then the 101 parallels gotcha team of the future there's 28 players 14 prices on contenders yeah i got you i got you uh travis yeah just let me just remind me in between after this break just remind me and i got you uh jake mires green to 99 for the astros rookie raffi devers trophy hunters goss man there's a wander rookie ryan mcman being team erin judge jaundran cutch yeah yeah no problem travis yeah i hope you're having a good day too man ooh super fracter really super fracter let's go high five already we got a super everybody that was the weakest super it's gonna be vladimir guerrero jr boom one of one super what a break dude let's go god this stuff is awesome who's got the blue jays ad is gonna be a mere e congrats buddy one of one vladi jr super fracter god that's hot that is awesome we'll get that magged up for you right now amir thank you again my friend jake mccarthy refractor auto for the diamond backs castillo and jose perius you did you did i think that's the base right there cedric mullins god that's awesome it's a good name to pull too it's a very good name that is uh itchero trope hunters pete lanzo and nelson troops beam team mike trout that i literally always do that with like every product on release day i'll pull like a one of one and then i'll never pull that one out of that i pulled two finites on prism release day like pulled like two super fracters on popscrome release day i have not pulled another finite since supers are like here and there but not pull the finite enjoy the release days while you have them yeah right last box beam team j-rubb kenley and sussle fielder mookie bets lou garrick as well as gabriel rice kind of hard to explain smack that's an itchero refractor uh orange joe del destination 25 isn't it just like a black mosaic pretty much yeah it's like a black mosaic kind of it's a good point uh torcal sin rookie beam team are not oh linda there's a blue craig visio nice one there to 199 my guy one of the killer bees frat's houston ernie clement wait are you gonna be at at war with the tofflers again today so far no we must have peace overnight honestly mike trout uh dynasty there's auto nick ladolo very nice refractor auto for the reds congrats reds on the encore nick ladolo monsi roy campanel uh andre paente 225 two oranges in this box andre paulante abram's rookie ryan de la cruz jewelless this has been made of that right here parkour parkour 360 into the thing backflip gainer parkour parkour see him in the future shane boss to get from point a to point b in the most creative amount of time for these three point a is delusion point b is the hospital we're technically doing your right ryan belayd refractor santa zuki pepio and andre jones yeah i think they did it last year evin they came out with like top spinus basketball there's chas chisum how'd that work it's not license yeah not no like we didn't do any group breaks of it we just did like personals and stuff it's kind of like with the alms all american how they did that yeah uh george springer trophy hunters colin welker yordan alvarez there's a green brine haze nice one there 299 it's just the way they come out of the machine john yeah i mean it's they're a little bit more warped than what i've seen but that's like pretty pretty standard for stadium club they're not like bent they're just warped yeah they're not anything there's a like creason yeah so they're team team o'neill cruise that's one of those things like warping thank god they don't take that into account with trading thank again thank god we've been in top loader of long and oh yeah they kind of straight they straight out uh there's Spencer strider rookie got greg maddox adoles carcia and ronald apunia do a quick recap here for you we've got a nick ladolo for the reds uh jake mccarthy dinebacks tj fredel reds andre uh paulante for the cartons uh josh winder twins lucius fox nationals steven kwan for the guardians we had wander franco green uh 99 of 99 for the uh raise and then we had a super fractor one of one vladimir guerrero junior one of one super very nice that'll do it for the break guys thanks again for the fill next up we got number two


Hey everybody! Today I wanted to make a video about traveling to Canada if you are a permanent resident but your PR card is expired. I get this question very often for different types of cases so for example if you're a permanent resident of Canada and you have to urgently travel let's say to Europe but your PR card is expired what do you do? There are some people that they don't realize that they really need the valid PR card in order to return so they end up traveling outside and when they try to return to Canada let's say they're from a country that is visa exempt they might be able to come back and get on the plane but if you are from a country that needs a visa you could get into a lot of complicated situations such as not being able to get on the flight or getting delayed at the airport or being able to come back to Canada but then being questioned that the airport and maybe being issued some documents or warnings that you wouldn't want to have which would cause red flags to your immigration history so if you are a permanent resident of Canada it is very important to always in all cases in general to have a valid PR card that means that every five years if you're not a citizen you have to renew you should renew your PR card if of course you meet the residency requirement if you have to travel in order to come back to Canada you need to have a valid PR card that demonstrates that you are a permanent resident of Canada so the PR card is really the PR card doesn't give you permanent resident status it's your confirmation of permanent residence that gives you a permanent resident status and the fact that that status hasn't been removed by a negative decision by an officer or a tribunal in Canada but the PR card is essentially for traveling back to Canada so if you have to travel urgently and you don't have your PR card it's expired or you renew it and you're waiting what you're going to have to do is apply for what's called a travel document at the embassy outside of Canada this is a document that's issued to permanent residents who have an expired PR card have lost their PR card or are waiting for a decision on their PR card it's an application with forms and supporting documents and it could get complicated because it isn't a document issued on an emergency basis but sometimes it could take a couple of weeks or sometimes even months to get that document so if you're going let's say to Europe for 10 days and you get there and you're going to apply for a travel document it could be that if you explain it properly and you put urgent I need to come back to Canada I need to go back to my job and I was only here urgently the embassy could issue that travel document to you for in a few days but if the embassy depending on the country that you're applying him to there's a lot of backlogs and delays then it could take a couple of weeks for them to to review and issue you the travel document then that could be problematic because then you're you're stuck outside so my recommendation is always to renew if you renewed your card and now you're traveling it's going to be important for you to have evidence that your PR card is in the process of getting renewed so a copy of your uh applicant the fee that you've paid or the documents that you submitted or the tracking number of the courier package that you submitted that way if you do have to apply for a track travel document then you can show that you can put a copy of that evidence in the application to so look I've actually taken care of my immigration matters I've renewed my I'm in the process of renewing my PR card now if you are traveling to the United States you can travel back to Canada without your PR card if you're coming by car or by bus the PR card is really necessary when you're flying by plane but when you're coming by land from the United States if you're coming in a vehicle you are allowed to cross with your landing ideally you should have your PR card because it's just it makes it every makes everything simpler but if you absolutely not have it then if you have your confirmation of permanent residence which is the document you were issued uh when you became a permanent resident back in the day it was called a landing document now it's called a confirmation of permanent residence if you have that document then you're by car then you can show that to the officer also always recommended to have evidence that you have renewed your PR card with that the officer should be able to let you in now they could ask you some questions just to make sure that you still meet the residency requirement which is currently is two years out of five so you could be questioned so it's also important to have perhaps an excel sheet with all your travel dates or evidence that you've been living in Canada so that is a possibility if you're coming by land so my recommendation is if you're traveling always make sure you review integration rules and regulations about traveling whether with other PR card what the timelines are if you have to urgently apply for a travel document if you've applied for the renewal of your card make sure you have evidence of that on you because it's going to make your your travels much easier especially if you don't have your PR card and you come back the officer could interpret that as oh you're coming as a visitor you're not coming as a permanent resident especially if you've traveled a lot and you don't have evidence that you have lived in Canada then they could issue you a removal order which you can have to file an appeal and it could take a year or two to go to court and it could be seen as not caring so much about your permanent resident status not updating your documents and just saying oh well you know you don't seem to be a permanent resident so we're going to indicate that you're a visitor and oh do you want to renounce to your permanent resident status a lot of issues like this can happen at the border and it could be avoided if you're well prepared thank you for listening


June through August are the hottest summer months in the Sancom AOR. Here are a few safety tips to help you beat the heat. Limit strenuous outdoor activity during times of high heat and follow your local wet bulb temperature guidelines. Apply sunscreen 15 minutes before prolonged sun exposure to lower your risk of sunburn. Increase water consumption based on your level of activity. Look for the signs and symptoms of dehydration in yourself and others. Watch your use of caffeinated products such as dietary supplements, coffee and energy drinks as these products can increase dehydration and lead to heat injury. So drink water, stay safe and have a happy summer.


Dupont, makers of better things for better living through chemistry, presents the Cavalcade of America, starring Robert Taylor. This is Robert Taylor. Tonight's Cavalcade is called the interchangeable Mr. Whitney. I have a question. Why should you remember the name of Eli Whitney? The Cotton Gin? Perhaps. But there's something else, something much more important than the Cotton Gin and we're going to tell you about it. Listen, I shall be Eli Whitney. It's 1798, Twilight of a Century. Place Hamden, Connecticut. I am approaching my workshop by the back way, or Connecticut seems to be filled with my creditors. Well, Mr. Whitney, I've been waiting for you. Raleigh, Mr. Raleigh, I wrote asking you to be patient for one more month. I need my money now. But I don't have it to give you, sir. You promised. I've waited months. Please, Raleigh, give me two weeks. Two weeks, that's all. I have my own creditors. They sold me material in good faith. They deserve to be paid. They insist on being paid. What shall I tell them? I'm sorry. I'm genuinely sorry. Ah, that butter's no bread. Whitney, you're just not a businessman. I'm going into my shop now, Mr. Raleigh. You'll see, believe me, I won't let you down. Joel, about those orders, when can you... What's wrong with your lathe? Nothing, sir. But you're not working. That's correct. I'm through with the lathe. What? Through. Finished. I'm taking off my leather apron. Mr. Whitney, I quit. What did you say? Well, if you can hear it again, I'll say it again. I'm done with the mechanics trade. Finish for good. But it's in your blood, Joel.  You're the child, Whitney. You invent a machine for cleaning cotton. But I don't care how good an inventor you are. It ain't enough because you're no businessman. You're wrong, Joel. I have an order in my pocket now for two new gins. Wake up, Mr. Whitney. There are blacksmiths in Georgia and Carolina with hundreds of orders. I'll sue them. I hold a federal patent on the cotton gin.  No, Mr. Whitney. There's no future in manufacturing. So I'm leaving. I'm going back to the farm. You've been talking to yourself. Yeah, thanks. Now, run along. You'll be late for church. I've been watching you for ten minutes. You could have spent the ten minutes to better advantage. So could you. Madam, if you're not careful, you'll grow up to be a monster. How much would you take to go away and leave me alone?  Nine pence? Uh, Forpins Hape and he will get you in to see the Bicens at Johnson's stage house. Oh, Mama says the Bicens are very hairy and horrid. Moreover, they snail. Nine pence. What's your name? Henrietta Edwards. When you grow rich, I'll marry you. Resign yourself to the life of a spinster, madam. All right. Here's your nine pence. Thank you.  Father asked me to bring an invitation to you. I suppose you've got nine pence for that too. Mm-mm. Threppins. Father is not sentimental. Perhaps I should meet father. Oh, you will. The Honorable Pierpont Edwards requests the attendance of Mr. Eli Whitney at Sunday dinner. Madam, would you mind telling me exactly why I've been invited? Muskets. Say that once more. Muskets. What sort of muskets? Bang bang sort of.  Goodbye, Mr. Whitney. I shall say to father that you will come to dinner.  That's fine, Mr. Edwards. That'll do very well. Whitney, these are bad times. Yes, they certainly have been for me, Mr. Edwards. And for the United States. Seaman are being taken off American ships by the French and the British every day. Yes, I know. It's bad. That's only a strong wind. Across the sea there's a man named Napoleon Bonaparte. Well, I know very little of such things, Mr. Edwards. But I do. In the capital there is anxiety. Our government fears the French. It fears the English. Whitney, your country is defenseless. No navy, no army, not even a musket. I don't wish to be rude, sir, but I'm not a maker of muskets. I'm a manufacturer of cotton gems. Whose business has come to a standstill. That's true, but what do you want with me? I've watched you. There's something you can do. Something constructive. You propose that I manufacture muskets? It is not my proposal. It originates with the Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Walcott. Why do they select me? Well, I think you were on their conscience. They issued a patent to you, which has been openly flouted. But sympathy isn't the chief reason. Whitney, Mr. Jefferson may be wrong, but he believes you to be the best mechanic in America. He invites you to Philadelphia. Will you go? Mr. Whitney, this committee is satisfied that you are a most ingenious mechanic. We have Mr. Jefferson's word for that. Thank you, sir. But, our Secretary of the Treasury, I ask, can you meet the conditions of manufacture that have been imposed? What conditions, sir? That you manufacture flintlock musket, 59.5 inches long, of .69 caliber. Yes, I can do that, Mr. Walcott. For each musket, you will be paid $13.40. That's a fair enough price for a musket. We're talking about 10,000 muskets. 10,000? Yes. The government has called in the best gunsmiths in America. We'll take them 10 years. And we must have the muskets in 10 months. But that's impossible, Mr. Secretary. All right. Then we'll say 15 months. No, Mr. Walcott, I know your need is urgent, but I cannot do it in that time. No one can. Two years, then. The committee agrees that we can wait a maximum of 24 months. But no longer. That is a condition, Mr. Whitney. It's a condition. I suppose I must accept it. Do not suppose, sir, do you or do you not accept the condition? Very well. I promise to deliver 10,000 muskets in two years' time. And what if you fail to deliver in two years' time? I will convey my apologies to this committee. It's not a joking matter, Whitney. Congress demands a forfeit if you fail. What forfeit? Your bond of $30,000. I've come to Philadelphia just for the fresh air, gentlemen. I do not have $30 to my name. Whitney, what if I told you that the bond has already been furnished in the entire amount? I would say that you have a sense of humor, Mr. Walcott. So? Then how do you explain this paper in my hand? It is a guarantee by a group of merchants in Hamden and New Haven that you will fulfill your contract. They pledge $30,000 that you will not fail. May I see it, sir? May. Fair point, Edwards. Timothy Phelps. Rowley. You smile, sir. It's an amazement. Even my creditors are behind me. They are no longer creditors. They are neighbors and fellow citizens who pledge their fortunes to your success and to the safety of their country. Whitney, this committee expects 10,000 muskets not later than 24 months from this date. Do you understand me? Not later than 24 months from today. If the muskets aren't delivered by then, the bond of $30,000 will be declared forfeit. You are listening to the Cavalcade of America starring Robert Taylor as Eli Whitney, sponsored by the DuPont Company, makers of better things for better living through chemistry. Among DuPont's better things for better living is DuPont Duco. When your walls are painted with DuPont Duco one coat magic enamel, you need only soap and water to keep them bright and sparkling. Kitchen and bathroom walls can now be made as easy to keep clean as the finish on your refrigerator. The white stays white, the colors stay bright, and the hard tile-like surface of DuCont enamel resist stains and grease spots. When it comes to bringing new, lasting beauty to kitchen and bathroom walls and woodwork, another household job has been made easier by DuCo, one of the DuPont Company's better things for better living through chemistry. Starring Robert Taylor as Eli Whitney, we continue the DuPont Cavalcade of America. In the spring of 1799, Eli Whitney turns from cotton gins to muskets. It's a race with America's security and $30,000 at stake. In Hamden, Connecticut, there is gossip in the taverns. And young Henrietta Edwards is troubled. I went to your shop and they said you were home in your room. Go away, monster. I'm very busy with this musket. They are saying things about you in the taverns. Such as? That in these weeks you haven't made a single musket, that you're planning to defy the government of the United States. And what do you say to the gossips? Oh, I don't say. I scratch. Monster, if you were ten years older, I would marry you. Never fear, Mr. Whitney. I shall be ten years older and you will marry me. Meanwhile, people are talking. They say you make cotton gins with the money the government gave you to make muskets. And they also say that you spend too much time in your room. Well, it's easier for me to think here. Madam, if I were to ask you how a gun is made, what would you answer? Go to a gunsmith. Oh, but I have gone to a gunsmith. I've watched carefully. First he carves the stock, then he forges the barrel, then he makes the lock piece by piece, prison, car, trigger, piece by piece. It takes weeks to make a single gun that way. And I have only two years for ten thousand guns. Then don't you think you should begin right away? I am beginning, monster. I am thinking. That is always the best beginning now. Now you'd better go away and let me think. Now dump the rest here. Yes, sir. The name of heaven goes on here. Good day, Mr. Raleigh. Well, sir, we're acquiring a few materials. To make muskets or to make cotton gins? To make machines, Mr. Raleigh. But I understand you're under contract to make muskets, not machines. I shall make machines. Mr. Whitney, those muskets are sorely needed. If instincts of patriotism have no influence upon you, then at least remember that we citizens of this community have posted thirty thousand dollars, which will be declared forfeit if you fail. I'm thinking of nothing else. Now, if you please, Mr. Raleigh, stop worrying and let me build my machines. Forgive me for intruding, for I have no proper place. Oh, Mr. Edwards, come in, come in. You're always welcome, sir. Oh, Whitney. How many months have elapsed since the government contract? Three months, sir. One fourth of an entire year. I suppose you too want to know how many muskets I've manufactured in that time? I do, Whitney. How many? Not a single one. You're joking. I've never been more serious in my life. Then you were a cynical fraud. I'm building machines and training clumsy farmer boys to use them. Get rid of these farmer boys, get skilled mechanics. If it's money you need, I'll give it to you. Your government wants to see muskets. You're shouting, Mr. Edwards. Eli, Whitney, and God's name, what are you doing in this factory? Rush, come here, lad. Yes, sir. Bring your filing box. Yes, sir. Rush will demonstrate what we're doing. Rush, how many parts are there in the musket we're to make? Oh, 45 separate parts, sir. And what part are you to make? Well, I make the firing pin. Mr. Edwards, a trained gunsmith in Waterbury, a spring field, will take several hours to get a firing pin just right. Rush, make a firing pin for Mr. Edwards. Yes, sir. Well, first, I put this piece of iron in the box like that. Tell Mr. Edwards why. Well, that's so it won't slip. You see, this box is better than a vice and a whole lot simpler because the piece of iron fits in snug like. Then I do this way with my file once, twice, twice, and twice more. I show Mr. Edwards the piece of iron. Oh, it's not just a piece of iron anymore, sir. Now it's a firing pin.  When the file has cut its distance, the hardened iron of the box stops it. It's rough on files, but it's quick and exact. Any boy like Rush can file before his beard grows. Mr. Edwards, come over here. Have you met Grandpa Wellaby? Grandpa can do in five seconds what took a skilled artisan half a day. Can't you, Grandpa? I can. Yep, I do. Show Mr. Edwards. I can. I sure do. Now, watch him. He's boring at diameter. I saw this. Pretty, ain't it? He didn't use his eye. He didn't use his hand. No compasses, no calipers, no measuring, no time lost. The tool stopped the moment the diameter was reached. Any other questions, Mr. Edwards? No questions, Whitney. I've seen as much as I want to see.  I'll try to keep Rowley and the others from bothering you. Monster, what are you doing here so late? I brought you some ham and cabbage. I've neglected you, monster. Why do you still think of me? Because each month, this past year and a half, you spend all day and all night in your shop. You never see sunlight anymore or a bird, and you've grown thin. Oh, I'm designing new machines. Each one is an invention. I've even discovered things in myself. Papa says you've got rings under your eyes that you cough like a man with consumption. Some even say that you're crazy. So where will it all lead? To 10,000 muskets. And how many muskets have you now? A few dozen, monster. Isn't that amusing? You do talk strangely. Well, don't let me frighten you. They shall ask for 10,000 guns, six months from now. Yes, so they will. Aren't you worried? No. If you are put in prison now... I know you'll scratch the President of the United States. You'll bite President Adams right on the nose. Mr. Adams may not like that, but I will tell it to Vice President Jefferson. It'll amuse him. Yes, I only wish it would amuse my creditors. He lied with me. You're no more than a common thief. You have defrauded us with thee. We posted bond for you, ma'am. Do you know what day this is? Well, we're talking to you.  Yes, Mr. Rowley. Yes, today I'm supposed to be in Washington with 10,000 muskets. Friends, let us return to our home. This man has no soul. Mr. Phelps. I do not wish to speak to you. I'm going to Washington, Mr. Phelps. The government won't take away any of the money you've posted. Why won't they? Are you delivering 10,000 muskets? You are not. No. Listen to me, please. I began at the beginning. I began with a simple bar of wrought iron. It was nearly shapeless. And when I shaped it, I held in my mind the design not of a tool but of the thing I was going to make with the tool. Only then can a tool come into proper form by itself. Gentlemen, let's go home. It's plain deceives that the strain of these two years has taken its toll on the poor man. I lose my money. Eli Whitney has lost his mind. I'm going to Washington. I only hope they have enough imagination to understand me. I wish you to repeat, Mr. Whitney. Repeat to the President of the United States, to the Vice President, members of the Cabinet, and this distinguished committee, what you declared to me this morning. I have manufactured only 500 muskets in these 24 months. Ten of those muskets lie in these boxes on the floor. Mr. Whitney. Yes, General? How much money have you received from the government to this date? A little more than $20,000. Well, don't be so calm about it. You have charged the government $40 per musket instead of $13.40. I have built valuable machines. You make cotton gins. You make muskets. You don't need mill iron, tools, steel, masonry, and lumber to make muskets. You were making cotton gins for yourself. And I recommended this committee that your bond of $30,000 be immediately declared for. General North. The facts are plain, Mr. Jefferson. Nothing you can say offers the plain fact that Eli Whitney has failed to live up to his contract. Mr. President, General North, Mr. Wolcott, members of this committee, I'll show you what Mr. Whitney has accomplished in two years. How will you do that, Mr. Jefferson? With this piece of charcoal. Look, gentlemen, I draw a charcoal line freehand on this paper. General, is it a straight line? It's nearly straight. Nearly is not good enough. I draw a line with a ruler. I draw another line with a ruler. I can draw 100 lines now that each be straight, each be identical because of the ruler. You may go on now, Mr. Whitney. Thank you, sir. Gentlemen, a ruler is an engine, a machine. I've built hundreds of machines. They drill, they grind, they file, they saw, they polish, and they make identical parts for the thousands. There are no brains in the machines, yet each machine contains a replica of my thought. And each part made is standardized, interchangeable with any other part, because there's not a hair's difference. Will someone help me uncover the boxes I have arranged on the floor? Here, I'll help. Don't you bother, Mr. Jefferson? Why not? Will you pass the hammer, Mr. Wolcott? Thank you, gentlemen. Now, here are the parts. The parts of 10 muskets, 10 barrels, 10 stocks, 10 trigger guards, 10 prisons, 10 firing pins. Gentlemen, take any barrel, take any stock, take any part. Choose the parts at random. They are exactly alike and interchangeable. They will fit together like a watch made by a fine jeweler. Mr. Whitney, I don't believe a word you've said. General North, I will assemble an entire musket in 10 minutes, from parts that you will select for me. If you wish, I will do so blindfolded.  I'm ready to wager upon the outcome. Name your wager. $30,000. Well, what does this committee say? I wager the bond which General North has already declared forfeit, but which I tell you is not forfeit, because I've built you machines to make not 10,000 muskets, but 100,000 muskets, a million muskets, if you wish. Cover my eyes, General North, and choose the pieces at random. We won't cover your eyes, Whitney. We are your friends. We are not children. General, hand Mr. Whitney the pieces. Now this. And notice, General North, I use no force. Each part fits to the other part, like the delicate wheels and gears of a watch. General North, what would you say this is? I would say, Mr. Whitney, that this is an exhibition of magic. No, General. It is an exhibition of a new principle of manufacture that may well be extended to the production of any machine in America, standardized interchangeable parts. Now if a part should break, it can be replaced almost instantly with a like part. Mr. Whitney. Yes, Mr. Jefferson. What manner of bullet does your musket fire? A round bullet of one ounce. By a coincidence, I happen to hold in my hand one round bullet weighing exactly one ounce and a charge of powder. The window is open, Mr. Jefferson. There are woods in that direction and nothing can be harmed. The musket, sir. Thank you. Gentlemen, Mr. Eli Whitney's standardized and interchangeable musket. You're going home, Mr. Whitney? Thanks to you, sir. I go home with a lightened heart. I'm glad the committee chose to return the bond. Your friends in Connecticut will rejoice. I hope so, sir. Whitney, musket, sir, for war. But you mustn't think only of muskets. You must make engines cheap for everyone. A clock for a farmer. A machine for tillage. An engine for planting. Whitney, make printing presses. Whatever I can, Mr. Jefferson. Well, you can do anything. You are now the interchangeable, Mr. Whitney. Eli, you've created an industrial system in which machines will be standardized, in which parts will be interchangeable. But, Eli, let's hope human beings will never be standardized. Each human being must be unique, individual, sovereign, sacred. I pray God, Mr. Jefferson. Thank you. This is Robert Taylor again. Our play is finished, but after a story like this, when I always find myself wondering if boy gets girl, or rather, if girl gets boy. Do you want to know what happened to Henrietta Edwards? Well, I'll tell you. She grew into a lovely woman, not a monster. And she had her way. She married Mr. Eli Whitney. By the way, Robin Morgan played Henrietta. Next week, Cavalcade will present another popular Hollywood star, Edward Arnold, who will be heard in ordeal by fire. Be sure to listen to the DuPont Cavalcade of America next Tuesday night, when our star, Edward Arnold, will enact another of his great American portrait. And let's remember this. Today, more than ever, it's important that our country should not be divided into antagonistic groups. Hatred and strife among Americans are interpreted by other countries as proof that democracy cannot work. Our security and our prosperity demands that all of us unite together, regardless of race or religion, to work for America. This is Ted Pearson speaking. Tonight's original Cavalcade play, The Interchangeable Mr. Whitney, was written by Morton Wishengrad, suggested by Roger Burling Game's whittling boy, Harcourt Bracen Company publishers. Robert Taylor is currently starred in the Metro-Golden Mayor production, Ambush. Music was composed by Arden Cornwell and directed by Donald Voorhees. The program was directed by John Zoller. Cavalcade of America comes to you from the stage of the Belasco Theater in New York, and is presented by the DuPont Company of Wilmington, Delaware, makers of better things for better living through chemistry. Next, Baby Snooks. Then stay tuned for Bob Hope on NBC.


One of the questions that I'm trying to pose to you, and engage with in a broader way, is why we care about Magda Carchan, as one rather grumpy Australian scholar you mentioned. Only a few years ago, why do we care about an old, tattie, ran, document, half-burned written and foreign language? What can it mean for us? But quite then, even in the events of yesterday, where we saw our current Prime Minister, who I fear David Letterman was probably right, but we started to count what Magda Carchan mean. Try and capture the authority and legitimacy of that tradition, to a particular moment, to reveal you and the Declaration of Human Rights. If we've seen in Australia in 2001, we would have seen the Prime Minister there try and use the launch of that exhibition of their 1297 copy, to project Australia's role behind America and the UK in the war on terror. If we've been running media in 1957, both British and American ambassadors saw Magda Carchan as a proclactic against Godless communism. Magda Carchan has been used as a legitimate source for authorising all sorts of contemporary events. What I want us to think about is how and when did that first happen? And I think one thing to always bear in mind is that Magda Carchan was a moment, it was a historical event that happened on those water memories in 2012, but it's also a text, it's a collection of ideas. And it's the sort of intertwining and sometimes separate use of that moment as the barons confronted one, that can be interpreted in lots of different ways, connected to a set of ideas. What we always need to remember is that the 1215 Magda Carchan was a peace treaty. It was not a philosophical document crafted by new court philosophers and PLA champions, setting out a set of principles. Although it did collect and combine a series of fundamental legal principles, the right to trial, the right not to be detained, the right to property, the right to liberty of corporations, that was almost, and I'm very willing to be challenged, almost accidental. I've given you a photograph here that was taken about three years ago, showing how in one sense a group of young people see the space as still very important to ongoing dialogues about what is freedom, what is democracy. The profound irony here is that this image is being used by the Surrey County Council to represent a group of young people debating freedom. It's actually a group of diggers who have occupied the media above, running in Egypt in 2012, and are still there, and actually were being subjected to, in a week or enough to last, yesterday's events, rigorous police scrutiny. And the diggers, of course, took huge steps in the same way on the 1239. So there was a sort of living element for those. I think it's a very clever photograph we deserve, and in one sense it tells us something about subversive qualities of Magda Carchan. Magda Carchan decided to authorise the rule of law, legitimate political authority, but as I was hoping to discuss, it also legitimised resistance and protest from marginal groups. And that sort of dual tension between being a great image of authority, but also something you cite when you don't want to be imprisoned, or when you want to resist or call a crowd, is very important. The diggers think it was an interesting platform in the newspapers about a lot of it. The Sunday Mail portrayed the diggers as a drug-praised, filthy hooligans. The independence, on the other hand, had managed to find two of the very charming local people at home, with their small children, very knackered in the dress, cooking with their crusé pots and making espresso for the physical journey. There's some weird debate going on, but that's the nature of Magda Carchan. It's protean, and it's Magda Carchan. It's one of the others that's waiting to represent what's happening. This is very fine, they've been told, in your style. I can visit and eat holds in shirts in the museum, and I haven't tried, but apparently you can go and eat there and talk about it. But why would you want Magda Carchan holding a drawing? I think that's one of the things we perhaps need to think about, the iconic value of the image or the object. If we do a store poll, how many people have got Magda Carchan on their wall at home? That's strange. In the 18th century, as we all know that, lots of people would have had Magda Carchan on their wall. Probably next to the Magda Carchan, the death warrant, the execution of Charlestonford, all the way around. So there's a sort of tradition of saying, our house is safe, we've got Magda Carchan. I want to be used a lot of images to explore how Magda Carchan turned from that feudal peace treaty into what I thought might be called a liberty document after the 17th century. How did it transform itself, or how was it transformed? I think we can argue very powerfully that the 17th century is the term of that moment. And, indeed, this tradition is very powerful. You see this, the front doors, Grant and Gold, and the American Supreme Court. We can see, there's a sort of history from antiquity all the way through. While we have Magda Carchan, they're important to me when we talk about the bigs. We have said Edward Croy and James the First. This is an image that every American lawyer, every citizen in one sense, is absolutely familiar. So there are two Magda Carchan owners inscribed in the history of American freedom. I don't want to say any of any of them, but you should know that the 1776 was not the first American Revolution, but the last British Revolution, which was British people, communities, using principles of free-born Englishmen against what they saw as a tyranny of George III. So it's unsurprising, in the one sense, that Magda Carchan remains important in that context. However, the panels that were given up to Edward Croy and Edward Croy, they're rather fave, James. That thing scrolls behind us, I think.  Certainly talk about it with Cook. Cook armed with the Magda Carchan believes he can take on the model. I mean, he was very out of the bag, and we're going to play with that, but he believed armed with his erudition, he could prosecute the king for a legal material on the map. Later on in the 18th century, John Wilkins, in the book that some of you have given to me, by citing Magda Carchan, by distributing literature that showed him that Magda Carchan was under his arm when his bag pocket was stuck in his hat, when he needed to, when he was under threat of prosecution under the general warrant when Magda Carchan was legal, he could mow the land 10,000 to 20,000 people onto the streets of London, if you think about it, that would be a real challenge, if you were trying to protect or defend yourself from legal detention. So there's something about the image and its connection to that tradition that's very important. I think, interestingly, I don't know how many people have visited Magda Carchan running in London at the moment. It was, of course, called the Charter of London for the first century or so, rather than Magda Carchan. Magda Carchan is the latest of iterations that they've had there. I would really recommend that you go there if you're busy in the room, because it's a spectacular sight for public commemoration of freedom around the place. It's not only the JFK monument, the table of liberty to Magda Carchan, but also the national air force, and we've had the memorial to those fighter pilots who died in that area. Once it's across those meadows looking towards London, you have a sight where people who have sacrificed their lives for freedom, presidents who have changed in the digital sphere, and have seen it by the cards of the place, it's a very important thing. It's made even more spectacular now by the introduction of a new and very emotionally powerful piece of public art called the juries. Twelve juries, if you're welcome to sit on and imagine sitting in judgment, each of them decorated with moments of freedom and liberty and democracy from 800 years, but from little. So Malala Lusanef is recording in the middle of that. Gandhi, last and then later, a whole series of civil rights issues in America, and in English and in English. So decoding that principle. I love the idea that you could travel to Pakistan and see immediately a connection between your culture and that royal and local culture. You have various local Magna Carta movements. The Philippines recently issued a charter, a Magna Carta for the poor, a statutory piece of legislation in the Philippines that will give all poor people rights to education, water and food. So that Magna Carta brand is increasingly powerful and manages, and this is again its protean quality I think, it manages to be amphibious across culture. It's not regarded by saying the Pakistan government as the tool of Western imperialism. It's regarded as a real statement. And we must, of course, identify the best part of the cultural memory of human art. So how did that happen? We know, and I'm sure both David Carter's and various speakers have talked about the diffusion and persistence of re-issuing Magna Carta toward England in the 13th century, and probably in the 15th century. Magna Carta is a significant constitutionally shaped document. It disappears from the historical picture between the 14th and the early 16th century. It's there, and I think some of the research that's going on in the West of England talks about how it's used in provincial society, especially in the issues that are regulating access to land and property. The fish, this is very important. I recently spoke to a group of eight girls on the road, and they were very animated by Magna Carta and fishing, which I didn't expect. We remember that's the next project we're going to do. We're going to see what they feel about freedom and Magna Carta. Well, it is still being cited in disputes in Norfolk and in the North Devon over the rights of locals, the artists who have seen freedom, what they thought they felt were lost together, and taking prosecutions out into the commercial environment to just come and prove them what happened. Almost every government in Magna Carta has had some subsequent regiments that have been injured. So, why did Magna Carta exercise this pejorable enchantment? It's almost a political glamour, I think. The answers to that can be sort of anthropological ornates, and byron would bring into the process as well. We all like to show that our opinions have been around one time they're honestly right, and certainly that idea of buying in an important tradition is very powerful in Australia, more so in New Zealand than in Australia.  So that sort of element of constructing an ancient constitution, perhaps in our own ways, you need to be obvious what the contents of that constitution are. And that's where it could be to be made more important in trying to populate all the facts and ideas. That is one of the principles I think we even sort of see today. It must be right because it's old. And I was very comfortable with recent things, and I haven't read them for a very long time. Ask a simple question. Is it right because it's white, or is it right because it's old? Very often it's difficult to explain what you're saying to me.  Very important to me over 800 years. I think it's a very difficult question. Some of the very technical lawyers look at some of the principles and trace them back to Revin Dore, the Zoryne action. If it's coded in very sort of crisp statements and principle we can see in Beccateen how you know what is the channel. If we said why in 1500 Magna Carta is a sort of existing few manuscript copies, it may be a collection of statues, but to a public audience there is such a thing there, it doesn't mean very much. 1508 Magna Carta gets subjected to a new technology print. So from 1508, this is the title page opening to which Magna Carta is in print in Latin. I think you can trace me from those moments and of course the English edition gets re-issued dozens of times. The text also gets incorporated into something that we eventually called statues of large and that is re-printed into the 20th century. It's now an electronic version called legislation.gov.org.uk. Unfortunately if you put Magna Carta into that service it flashes off as a label at the top. No, no consequences of this law. That's because many of the key elements around detention and jury trial have been substituted by more modern legislation. But the process of putting into print was not trivial. It meant if you were a gentleman and you came to an import to learn about the law, not because you wanted to be a practising lawyer, but perhaps because you were going to retire from the law provincial estate and enact justice in that locality.  So Magna Carta has sort of transformed itself, not necessarily into a constitutional document, but into a foundational statue. This is where English law starts. Of course that rested on a rather fuzzy idea. So Magna Carta wasn't innovative. It summarised and captured a tradition that went back into time in the morning. It's a great tactic, isn't it? No, all of this is legitimate, so it goes way, way back. So far back we can't find out what, but believe me, it is. If a salesman came to get his factory to be going for a thousand years, honestly, you'd dispute it. But that principle that Magna Carta is not innovative, but simply rehearsing and renovating an old tradition is an absolute weakness. That is the background of the thing for Edward Cooke. Cooke, Cooke, Cooke, Cooke, Cooke, Cooke, Cooke. And Portrains, the Temple in Portrains, are aware of that, because he was such a man of learning in the Irish. It's almost impossible. I have the fortune of interviewing Professor John Baker, the eminent people in the story, who is, in one sense, a modern day being a foundation of Cooke. And it's just published in the Southern Society, a 1604 manuscript written by Cooke, on Clause 39 of the Magna Carta, that Cooke wrote in 1604 against the prorogative of James I. Well, James haven't done anything wrong, have he? But Cooke had worked out, James was bringing in ideas about world prorogative from a Scottish company, which, of course, is one of the things that has been important. And the Scottish State of the Young Standard, I think, is a different tradition of the Declaration of Arborig, where it's out for some of you the other day. I can see lots of people citing the Declaration of Arborig in public claims, or in their constitutional thoughts. I don't think there's a native number on the Declaration of Arborig, so none of us have brought up things like that. But, you know, it's an interesting thing to think about. There isn't a strong offensive ability, it's a national ability, that the Scottish document defends.  Broadcasting in Magna Carta is the only thing that is going to be there. So, I think one of the important things about the context is that, by 1600, Magna Carta is ubiquitous. Not really being used. It's used in 1314, many used to defend the English Church, and it gets horribly complicated with the Reformation. This is why, for example, Shakespeare's King John does not mention Magna Carta at once, because it's not relevant. It's not a controversial issue. King John is a hero who fights against the papacy. That's why he's important. And I think, and it's not a research project I started thinking about in the detail there, but when did King John come back? Now, there were another chronicles that were written by the Churchmen, and C in representative in a particularly so-run blessing there. But certainly 16th century, it's not the interest of the English-Marchish chronicles, because they're bound to represent an arch-papal king in the wicked life. I suspect it's the 18th and 19th century, and they're probably disneyed on a two-year-old spot of thought, for the sort of badly King John. Although it is quite clear, especially when it came to darkness, but it wasn't absolutely understandable. He couldn't put his hands on the land, the doors of the white, whatever, and the fish and the forests. So, in one sense, he wasn't a good, but there's sort of absolute possibilities in this recording. He's a very lame development. However, Cooke recognises, as early as 16th, how, in one sense, the 1215 charter is a document that exposes bad statecraft. Issues that King John was facing around the Lackith, maybe, and his need constantly to be experimental about finding and capturing other people's land, et cetera, et cetera, were confronted with early modern standards, in a fairly similar way. It was a personal revelation to me to be made into this little short introduction, having read a whole series of papers about fiscal prices of James The First and Charles The First. Because, if you were Henry Cooke, and had immersed yourself in Magnificato, and seen where Magnificato was trying to strain Royal Brook, and then you'd see James The First imposing taxes on currents, or selling awards, or trying to steal people's policies, and you were a sharp broker in the court. Straight away, you could see the paradigm, and you could see how Magnificato was, once again, absolutely irrelevant in terms of his time. He did Cooke help very hard in the National Office, and in a certain sense, in which James fell fine off by giving him orders to leave the world. James was a render, so he was Cooke, an absolutely irrelevant defender of the common law, and had always the opportunity, in taking the monarchy into court, to defend that principle against the legal, plurality impact. James was my clever manipulator at his court in Parliament. His son, Charles, was not. Cooke reall is against the extension that Charles The First assumed in the 1620s, famously forced loan, but we also need to remember that Charles was doing things like declaring the Forest of Deen his voice, and sending his best unfortunate chaps to the Forest of Deen saying, You need to pay us to run now, and be there until I was born in the Forest of Deen. You wouldn't want to do that today. You'd never know me in the 17th century, but the Forest of Deen community said, No, I don't think so. You might be able to be able to do it yourself, or this. If you don't like it, send some troops, which would be easy to happen in the 1630s, and they lost. They came back, and Charles said, Well, let's just forget that it won't happen. Cooke could see the connection between that sort of contract, forced loan, where the local elites in January were told simply to contribute some of the resisted, under the 1626 forced loan case. Six members, five members, were on trial. Charles, the first, eight on his side, was trying to run up the judicial process. He lent on the judges, and he almost ordered the conviction of these things. Cooke, the very global worker. Cooke on the zone. This may not only be the initial use of property, a bathroom, but the fact that the King was now tampering with the due process of law, detaining three men from their liberties, and stealing their property was a sort of triple one. Cooke was personally involved in that defence. Anyway, he wasn't in for you, but he said, right. Next time, we're going to get the King, the next force of King, to leave two men to go, and Charles thought that was a potato first. But do you know who you're talking to? I'm the King, I'm appointed by God. All that may mean is mine.  Cooke was an extraordinary brain. And question, question, question. The result was the so-called petition of right. That is regarded still as part of our ruling constitution. James, I tell you the story, was very, very unhappy at the end of the corner. He was brought into the torn pages of the Communist Journal out and disposed of them. He saw to the Communist School that he would return at some point to the re-issuing of the chart that would be known to the spider pages. He had absolutely no intention. Cooke said, I think Arthur has nothing to do with it. The consequence immediately of that was that Charles first decided he would do without Parliament. So, in one sense Charles was forced into more and more to the prerogative nations. Cooke, surprisingly escaped execution. If I were Charles first, I would have had an answer. Because that was obviously the consequence of Charles' conduct. Cooke was on his deathbed in summer of 1634. It was rumoured he was about to publish the second volume of his Institute of Laws. Charles first discovered this was going on. Her approach was dire. He said, body boy is round. Wavy is stone. And removed the difference in reports that he had 50 box awards. Charles first must have been ending that. Did he learn a little bit? No, he stored them somewhere. So, as soon as the Civil War was on the brink of breaking out in 1641, the first thing the Free House of Commons did was demand the return of Edward Corbyn's maids on the land of Carter. And 1642 was a new publisher. And you could argue that the new publication of the Institute is more damaged than it is caused. And many of the other thousands have done this that debated the rights of kings and jurisdictions of parlance. Because from this moment, Cook's Institute, 1642, re-printed, abridged, edited, extracted from, turned into a tiny little pamphlet with the so-called golden passages extracted. That there are new model army copies into the 18th century in the colonies every sort of court that have a copy of Cook. So Cook defined in one sense what become known as English liberty. Or in the tradition of this individual, John Lillburn, in Free Law and Drawing, we can talk either about English liberties or the liberties of Free Law and English liberty. And what we can see is it becomes an incredibly powerful resource to resist tyranny. It immobilises much of the new one army's political people about why a child is a person defined and how he can be resisted by citing the nature of ancient freedoms of English liberty. And it's that tradition that... It's that tradition and I think it really does. John Lillburn was constantly put on trial at both buying from us first in the 1630s but also buying the new common ground for it, even though I don't know either. And he was very good at mobilising his pocket image depending on yourself. And here he is, holding Cook's Institutes. And one of the fantastic sort of continuities around Magna Carta is that when John Welch, the 18th Central Radicals for Montreal, he was presented with John Lillburn's copy of Edward Cook's Institutes to show and explain when he was in the court. So that tradition, all for all the law, all of these men are defending the law but Magna Carta, seen through the Cookian lens, becomes also a defence of resistance. It's quite difficult for us. We haven't been brave lawyers out there today. You know, who would stand up and take the government to court. But Cook... Cook would have been an executive very, very easy if he'd spent time in town on it. But he believed in his principles. He's incredibly learned and he survived. He's had ideas. People in the 1650s, Quakers, famously, in the 1680s, ran for Henry Cair, produced a book called English Limities that did an abridgment of basic Cook, almost with tenor albys. You know, if somebody approaches you and wants to roughly look at this, there's a hand that's on the inside. You can go with the speaker to ask them. Henry Cair's sort of channeling on Cook. There's all the way through in that tradition. It's recreated in Boston, and you're there sort of places in the 1760s and 1770s. So we can see that continuity of the Cookian defence of the rule of law, but also it's used somehow as a marker of resistance. Now, I feel like I'm pushing on by too much, so we're just going to take pictures that will try and instantiate this tradition. There is a wonderful vibe I'm ablailing for the highly logical origins of the American Revolution that really details a lot of the technical organization. But at 1.680s, and William III is aware of that, they're arguing about whether we should push Cook's goal in passages up on every deal of law agreement in gold, so that everybody, if they want to school to work and see what's going on. Now, I mentioned before, the iconography of Cook's, and this is deeply relevant, hardly anybody can see the image they have in that. Cook had access to the economy. By 1730s, again, in primitive times, they are making these beautiful reductions. Of course, all of this baronial stuff is in Prince's Edition, and you're going to see it as a reproduction of the burnt seal, as you can see today. This is incredibly expensive, it's still in Latin, and it's part of that, what are we going to do, making the document in English. It is now very old and possible not to know what man can come up with. I've learned a lot actually, but here is the famous Trunberg, notoriously, the earliest man I've ever seen, he's been artistically doing some famous here. Manicart in a scroll, Manicart in a scroll, Hercules defeating the Hydra of the Central Freedom, everybody who was a wing wanted their portrait taken in this world. This is one of the British Museum, it has the connection. There's Wales again, but it doesn't matter to us. So, there are ceramics of Wales, there's a consumer culture that uses Manicart to defend English liberty. Even the level of Teamot, and T-Series, Edmund Burt, I think it's strange why I've gone into the Royal Union, commissioned a set of tea cups on the Teamot, we're Tom Henn. This is a really important one, this is Arthur Biersmore, a colleague of John Reynolds, a radical older man on the line in the Royal, who had been writing Scottish things about the Royal Court, and was going to be subjected to a rep, a legal mess under a general warrant. Teamot 11 asked the same engraver who produced the FAC70 to produce these, so he could have it made or what he was about to give away. And at this print, you can buy copies today, because you've got so many of them, you can buy them today very inexpensively. So Biersmore is presenting, there's finger pointing at claws that I don't know, no free man shall be taken. This is your son, your finger in the white wall, learning the tradition of freedom from his father, but learning it from a text which is almost certainly across the Institute, slightly to a level, and blacks don't really know it. I can't read what it says here, but essentially it says it's really important to teach your children about traditions of truth and freedom. That here, obviously today, in the range of the sky, but that image of continuity parsing on the tradition is even still out of the day, I think. It was born around and thought about the chain of God, and then running into democracy, and there were these debates about, can you use mega-carder to teach for this citizenship? It thought it was going to do with it. If you don't have mega-carder, this is what happens to you. A free morning, this is an exclamation mark. He's standing on mega-carder, he's shackled, he has no free speech. This is what will happen if you let the French go. At least it's just a few representations of what I'd like to think of as a power-informed constitution that this really survived into the 20th century so that here we have the artefacts of Ireland all kept in a chest and we have mega-carder, the Bill of Rights, Agus Corpus, I think you never depicted what this one was, but it could well be because institutions are actually there. But that notion of a collection of documents holding and representing your freedoms and rights as a constitution is very important, these are the laws of England. Nice pyramid, mega-carders here, mega-carders here, but a right, Agus Corpus. The Scales of Justice, the Union Jack. This is from about 1820. So that tradition is written into our to the world view of that. Even better, constitutional architecture. This is the 1890s and again mega-carder, but a right, trial by jury, the same old stuff, and others, and we've done them. However, that's the most important, and this is really the last thing I'll talk about. The connected these sort of native contingent British tradition of freedom with the state of mind of the mission and the capability that would give slaves their freedom united. So it's made in the universe of it. Of course, it's made in the very wrong where in particular, the lawyer is okay. It would pull down the pillars. This is the model of the temple of liberty that would disappear having been hammered. Notice liberty topping ordinary of the state there. So it's quite dramatic and interesting iconography. It's more subtle than a little cartoon that we see today. I've almost stopped to. This is this one. It's the wax model for a medal that they wanted to produce in the 1780s for Royal Society of Arts. Again, it makes the connection between the contingent moment a magnet carder moment on the field of writing. This is the representation of John Ceeley, a magnet carder with liberty, the goddess of liberty, holding the state of recognition of the capital being the one side of the coin. You have that there. The other side of the coin having freedoms that is established. These are just some of the slightly more exotic versions of the magnet carder into the 19th century where you see the one spencer produce this unmeddli on text. This is just one of the most beautiful pieces of print that I've ever seen. This is an attempt failed by the Royal Society of Arts to use a new technique printing in a gold on satin and they put out a call for 10 minutes you can have your gold copy of magnet cards printed on either one satin, purple satin or red satin. How do you do this now? This is the only bit that survives in numbers of the spencer one. This is the fantastic sort of image again, Britannia holding magnet cards on the scales of justice. English liberties, religion, variety, loyalty, happiness, French liberty, atheism, poetry, maths, and many people. But it doesn't quite understand your mysteries. I can understand misery but one of the better things that French freedom does is free. I'm not sure. These are just images of some way of making cards that was in America and when in British in 1957 magnet cards became a civil rights government in the 1960s in America and in the famous case of the main road nine where a dox had a stewardess and I think his lawyer nine of the people in the main road which stayed on the African-Arabian community was going to send me to the Black Panthers because this was not very interesting music and good food. So, dark as hell in the core sense magnet cards said we should be trying to pull out our e-cards and make black juries. Well, we don't need black juries. So from that moment all of the accused spoke into making a pattern and the juries in the e-cards and we can't understand what he's saying. Well, if you were Welsh you would make sure you were Welsh too. So we did eventually get two black juries on the jury. And this was the great tour in 1976 organized by all the five of us that was made just by John Mayden who was in a relative of America's threat and magnet cards that was amazing on the side. He was driven around America with these outliers and everywhere it went it was like the e-cards were arriving in your hand. It was an intercontinental magnet card and people flocked to watch it. And that's our current American magnet card. I didn't make this in Syria's refugees in Australia no person shall be deprived of my ability. Didn't the magnet card reach Australia so if people were driven to that now it's going to be online. It's going to be easy of course to do that at the moment and it's just a bit of self to go out from the Welsh events on the main but I want to be with this is the first on the record the first action magnet card which fills the roots and it's wonderful and another one MP and Snail and Anders the Wild Wife and hands interesting and this is where the medieval world can come back in 1711 Lord 61 so he enforced a clause that John really wasn't happy with that created council 25 Aaron that would enforce his on the magnet card card. But he was occupied and didn't need to persuade Aaron in the House of Lords to support their attempt to invite Queen because this needs to be a dire government so magnet card is still at the step of their attempt very very funny but he started again to increase and I just need to do that a barman was going to be a magnet card again.