The Assignment of Benin Kingdom, Dr. David Edebiri says whoever will succeed President Mohammad Buhari in 2023 is someone who must have labored for it in the past. The 93-year-old state of these, when members of the Ashuaji Group tag, paid him a consultative visit in a dough state, insisted that winning presidential elections goes beyond mere aspirations but having a track record of excellent performance from previous positions of trust. A correspondent, Jesse Aceh, has details. Members of the Ashuaji Group are treated to a royal welcome by the number two man in Benin Kingdom. The non-Agenarian predicts the outcome of the 2023 presidential election, saying that only a man with exceptional performance will take over from Buhari. He also sees such qualities in the presidential candidate of the all-progressive Congress, Palatinebo. Many political players come here, talk to me, I talk to them, as for players, I prefer them. But there are some whether they come here or not, but continue to prefer them. So I think Benin Kingdom has walked enough, walked enough, made it, that position is heavy and hungry. From here, they proceed to inaugurate those to champion the Ashuaji cause in the state with a charge for them to work hard. If you convert the candidates and their past performances when they were in office, you will agree with me that Ashuaji is the best among them. All the same, we should keep our eyes open because five out of the six states in the south are controlled by PDP. All those to be inaugurated today, you have the very big task ahead of you. Let me tell you something. We cannot sit down here and say that those to be resisted so that all is well known. We must walk from unit to unit, one to one. Because they don't have anything to say about our man, their say is too old. You don't buy wisdom. Turbu is the man of ideas.  Before you do anything, you must have the capacity to develop those ideas first. The initiative, you all saw, look at Lagos for Christ's sake. These pro-APC groups vow to stop at nothing until Tinibu is elected president of Nigeria. Just as you say, for plus TV news. And don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Ben, would you like an introduction or would you like to introduce yourself? We'll let the experts handle this. Here you go. Thank you very much. I would like to thank you for attending this talk. I would also like to thank the guys from the IoT Village for helping us to publish this research to the media, on Twitter and on Motherboard. Thank you so much. Let me first introduce myself and then we'll discuss about what I'm here to present. I'm Ben. I'm a Ph.D. student from Ben Guion University. I studied the area of cyber security and IoT devices for the last two and a half years. I'm a former Google employee. This research was also done using the help of Moshe Slo, Professor from Ben Guion University. We also want to thank Fujitsu for funding integration laboratories for funding this research. I'm about to present you how attackers can attack smart irrigation system. I will start by introducing smart irrigation system. Then we'll talk about how we reverse engineered smart irrigation systems. I will present you some of the attacks that we did, spoofing attacks and replay attacks against smart irrigation system. In the end we'll discuss about the damage that can be done using the botnet of smart irrigation system. That's it. Okay, so irrigation system and especially smart irrigation system. About five years ago the first smart irrigation system appeared. I'm not sure which one was the first smart irrigation system. However, they first appeared five years ago. Today you can find many vendors that produce smart irrigation systems. They have many connected sensors such as rain sensor and soil moisture sensor, for example. They even have GSM additions, not only Wi-Fi additions. And two years ago Barcelona actually adopted smart irrigation systems instead of its traditional irrigation systems. Okay, so smart irrigation systems are actually referred to advanced irrigation systems that incorporate various sensors and network components for increased efficiency in order to save water and money. Now they are connected to the internet. They provide remote command control service. They allow automatic adaptation of watering plan based on weather forecast. And they monitor watering plans and water consumption. Okay, now let's talk about the motivation for buying smart irrigation systems. So first of all they are very cheap. Their price starts at about $150. You can buy them on Amazon. They consider as green technology. They design, as I said before, to save money and also save water. They provide very convenient user interface comparing to the traditional irrigation systems. It's a remote user interface in which you can use smart phones, PCs, and even smart assistants to control them. And also they enable sensor connectivity, as I mentioned before. And they have wireless connectivity. They provide Wi-Fi additions and also GSM additions in which you can buy in order to deploy in your garden, in your yard. This is the entire ecosystem. And the part is in which they are actually interface with. So on one end you have smart irrigation system. It connected to your home land. It also connects to sensors that are also connected to your home lands. They connected to your water line on the one end and two valves on the other end. And the valves are actually connected to sprinklers so they actually regulate water obtained from water reservoir. Now using internet connectivity they interface with CNC devices which can be your smart one application, your laptop, your smart assistant. They have dedicated cloud servers in which they are used to, I will mention a few slides from now, they are used to communicate with their user that can be located anywhere around the world. And they actually also interface with weather forecast services. And this is examples of such. NOAA is one of them. The Metno which is the Norwegian Meteorological Institute is another one. Okay, now why we consider them as interesting and why would attackers will want to attack them? So first of all they are connected to critical infrastructure. The urban water service or the national water service considered as critical infrastructure in most of the countries around the world. Another reason to attack them is maybe to cause a financial harm to a party as a result of over consumption of water. There are places around the world where water is very expensive and by over consuming water you can actually cause a financial harm. And these are examples of free smart irrigation system, commercial smart irrigation system that we investigated in this research. We bought the rain machine, the blue spray and the green IQ smart irrigation systems. They all provide Wi-Fi connectivity so you can connect them to your home land using Wi-Fi to your router. They are very cheap. These are their price including the shipment to Israel. They are even cheaper if you buy them here in the U.S. Also they are considered free of the best five I think or maybe ten top smart irrigation systems according to a few resources so we decided it will be good to use cutting edge technology such as this. The entire set of methods that they will present in this research conducted on this set of smart irrigation systems. Now let's talk about how we reverse engineered smart irrigation system so we actually combine two techniques. The first technique was extracting the firmware. Now if you will see the green IQ which is the one which is the picture would be, the white one. If you take a closer look you will see Raspberry Pi. The guys from green IQ did not design their own microcontroller. They actually use Raspberry Pi as their controller and of course the firmware was uploaded to an SD card. So we actually took an SD card reader and extracted the firmware from there. We didn't even had to think a lot and how they actually helped us in order to get the firmware out of the microcontroller, the product. Regarding the rain machine we actually downloaded the firmware using a UART connector to a USB cable and this is the way we extract, this is the way that we used in order to extract the firmware off the rain machine. The rain machine is the one that you can see in the A picture. The picture on the top left. And we also used some network analysis. We connected them to a router and we captured their network traffic I would say for three weeks, something like this. And we analyzed their traffic using a wire shark and we actually connected all three of them. So we have two firmware of the rain machine and the green IQ and the entire network behavior of all of them. Okay the next set of attacks that I will present you called spoofing attacks, we actually changed the inputs that are going to the smart irrigation system and observed what happened because of our change. We actually, the purpose of these attacks is to change the input of smart irrigation system in order to water according to attackers wishes and the execution of the attacks is by performing many of the middle attacks using session hijacking from a bot running on a computer on a compromised device that is connected to the same line off the smart irrigation systems. Okay now the first attack that I'm going to present is actually show how you can spoof smart irrigation system configuration. A dedicated cloud server is used to provide CNC communication between a device, a CNC device, a user from one end and the green IQ from on the other hand. Bear in mind that the user can be anywhere around the world and he need to communicate with his own smart irrigation system that connected to his home line and the dedicated cloud server is actually mediates or uses proxy between the user and the smart irrigation system. So a session between the green IQ and the cloud server is initiated every minute in order to check whether the user sent any updates regarding watering plants and things like this. One interesting thing is that the entire protocol, the entire interface between the smart irrigation system and the cloud server is actually based on HTTP protocol which is pretty funny. Okay now let's discuss about the vulnerability and introduce their entire protocol and describe you later and show you, demonstrate you later how the green IQ can be attacked. So the session between the green IQ and the, you know, before the session there is a CNC device which is operated by the user. Let's say from anywhere around the world, it is not specifically has to be connected to its home line. It can be operated via the internet. And the green IQ from the other end is actually initiate a DNS request to a DNS server to find the green IQ dot net address, the green IQ dot net is actually its cloud server which is followed by DNS resolve that is sent from the DNS server. Now after the green IQ received the address of its cloud server, it's actually initiated an HTTP request which is called ping to cloud. The ping to cloud request is followed by an HTTP response which is sent from the cloud server and contains a timestamp. The timestamp is the timestamp of the last time in which the user have updated watering plan from anywhere around the world. And stages five and six are actually are optional. And we'll discuss them in few slides from now. Okay now let's focus on stages three and four. HTTP request is being sent from the green IQ to the cloud server. The green IQ sends a ping every minute with its device ID. You can see it on the left side. This is the device ID. This was extracted from the payload of the packet that is being sent from the green IQ to the cloud server. Which is then followed by the response. The server sends the timestamp of the last time the watering plan was updated by the user. And you can see the timestamp over here on the right side. It's basically a number which describes the last time that the watering plan was updated. Okay it is all actually being sent on HTTP protocol. Now this was extracted from the firmware of the green IQ. Take a look on the response which is called new config on stage number four that is being returned to the green IQ. Now if the new config is actually greater the timestamp of the new config the last time that the user sent an update of watering plan is greater than the one that is stored in the memory of the green IQ. Stages five and six are actually initiated and launched. A new HTTP request that is called config XML request is being sent to the cloud server in order to obtain the new watering plan and the new configuration that was updated by the user. Now let's focus on stages five and six. And HTTP request is being sent from the green IQ to the cloud server which followed by response of an XML file. This is the XML file by the way on the right side. You can see that it contains details such as when to water, for how much time to water and other things that are important in order to initiate the watering in the time that the user defined. And this is it. Okay this is a focus on the returned XML file which is the HTTP response. As I said it contained the entire configuration and went to water and the entire watering plans that the user set up. Now as I said earlier this is all being done using HTTP requests. So hijacked the entire session is actually pretty easy. You can do, you can apply some up spoofing in order to hijack the session and you can use a fake green IQ cloud server that will answer instead, that will respond instead of the real green IQ cloud server. And when a request, an HTTP request with the last user update is being initiated the server will answer, will respond with the current timestamp which is probably bigger than the last time, greater than the last time that is stored in the green IQ memory. And it will then follow by another request to obtain the new watering plan which can be followed by a response sent from the green IQ server to the green IQ with fake, fake watering plan as the attackers wishes to. And this is, and let me show you the demonstration of what would have happened if you actually do it. Now this is where you see the green IQ on the right end and this is the green IQ application. There is no watering plan scheduled at all and we apply the attack that I just presented and look what happened to the, you can just initiate watering as you wish. Okay? Okay let's continue. Okay so you might ask yourself what will happen if instead of returning the current time, the current timestamp you will return a response of a timestamp that is actually 10 years from now and then send the fake watering plan that let's say initiate watering all day long for the whole week. So actually if you will see the firmware code on the left side, if you will send a response and you can see it on the arrow in four, a response with let's say future timestamp, it's actually going to cause the green IQ to ignore any legitimate, any legitimate CNC command that will be initiated by the user. Now combining this with let's say watering all day long will actually in order to stop watering all day long the user will not be able to use his application in order to stop watering. So what he actually will have to do is physically disconnect the green IQ from the network in order to stop such an attack. So it's actually a permanent denial of service of the green IQ that required the user to physically disconnect the smart irrigation system in order to stop it from watering his yard. Okay, the second spoofing attack that we are about to present you is actually spoofing weather forecast. Now a smart irrigation system automatically such as the one that is presented in here, which is the rain machine, automatically adapts its watering plan according to the weather forecast obtained from weather forecast services. It was actually designed to save water and you can think about rainy days, no water is actually, no watering is actually needed. So smart irrigation system knows and programmed to prevent watering in let's say rainy days and they also are programmed to compensate for the lack of water in dry days. So they actually every six hours the weather forecast request is sent to the weather forecast server and using the weather forecast that is being returned, the smart irrigation system adapts its watering plan automatically. Okay, so there are several weather forecast services that provide HTTP protocol to them and not HTTPS. One of them was the Norwegian Meteorological Institute which calls METNO. However six months ago something like this, they upgraded the protocol to HTTPS. However you can find many other weather forecast services that are still using HTTP protocol instead of HTTPS and apply the attack that I'm about to show you. So let's focus on the vulnerability. The rain machine actually initiated in this request of weather forecast service that is being configured in their memory, its memory, which is followed by DNS results sent from the DNS server. Afterwards a request for forecast, for weather forecast is being sent from, is being initiated by the rain machine. It includes latitude and lengthitude that were defined by the user, the latitude and the longitude of the specific location of the smart irrigation system. And they are then followed by response which is weekly weather forecast and rain machine automatically adapts its watering plan according to the weather forecast in order to save water and to compensate for the lack of water in order to water your garden, your yard. And this is how it looks like. A request is being sent from the rain machine to Metno which includes the GPS coordination of the location of the rain machine. And it's followed by an HTTP response which is a weekly weather forecast and this is how it looks like. It's actually contains temperature, wind direction, humidity, wind speed and other things that are actually important to the smart irrigation system in order to adapt its watering plan. And this is actually being sent on, let's say on hourly resolution. So this is it. Now it's being, by the way, initiated every six hours that there are four, four request, four HTTP request such as this that are being initiated by the rain machine. Now we ask ourselves how we can exploit such a protocol that is based on STGP protocol and there are two ways in which we found a way to spoof the input to the smart irrigation system. One of them is to spoof the request location which you can think about instead of sending the true location of the smart irrigation system, you will send a location that appears as if it is the most arid place on earth and this will actually result in a response of weather forecast that with the dry humidity which will require the smart irrigation system to adapt itself to water because of the lack of rain that it understands from the weather forecast that is being sent. Another way is just to spoof the response and just changing the values of the weather forecast that is being sent and let me show you how I show you on the earlier one ways to change the GPS coordination, the request and the other ways to change the values that are being received by the smart irrigation system. I have a demonstration to show you so this is my cat by the way. What you are about to see is that the smart irrigation system is being configured to London during winter and you will see that no watering and no water is actually needed in order to water your garden. Take a look on the weather forecast that is being received by the smart irrigation system. It starts from minus one up to six Celsius and you see the zero percent, zero percent are the amount of water that are required in order to water your garden since it's rainy day no water is actually required. However, after applying our attack you will see like values that don't make any sense in a minute. Okay, this is the smart irrigation system after we apply the attack. You can see values that range from zero to fifty. The smart irrigation system understood that it's considered as very dry weather forecast so it actually adapts its watering plan. As you can see fifty three percent and one hundred percent so the attacker when he will apply such an attack he actually managed to cause the smart irrigation system to obtain water when it actually does not need to obtain it. Okay, so these two are actually attacks were spoofing attacks and now I'm about to show you two replay attacks. Also in this case the purpose is to exploit and legitimate human machine interface for CNC, for command control communication as a means of attacking the smart irrigation system in order to water according to the attacker's wish and the execution is also being done from a bot running on a compromised device that is connected to the same LAN of the smart irrigation system and the first attack that we found, the first vulnerability that we found is actually, we found it in the blue spray, blue spray is the one that is actually on the left, the picture on the left. It provides HMI communication using a dedicated web interface that is based on HTTP protocol and it provides its two devices that are connected to its LAN. Now it allows the user to schedule watering plans however no encryption authentication are applied so this is even easier than before. This is by the way the decent format of how scheduling watering request is being initiated. You can see the start date and how much time do you want to water and other things so it's actually very easy even to understand how to attack it and how to schedule unnecessary watering plan and let me show you the demo of applying such an attack. Okay, so what you're seeing in here, this is the original watering plan that was configured. There are no watering plans at all and wrote a simple Python code that actually initiates using HTTP request watering and this is where we actually apply it. Now let me show you the result of applying this code, executing this code. This is the exact web interface that we talked of. Now when you look on the watering plans that are actually all day long for the entire week so this was only initiated using simple HTTP request. Another interesting attack that we thought of, let me present you the vulnerability, we actually extracted the code from the green AQ as we mentioned earlier they actually used Raspberry Pi so we extracted the firmware very easily and we analyzed the code and found the following code lines. You can see the state GPIO function and it's actually it's execution that operate the master valve actually opens the valve so water will actually flow outside and this is in line 428 you can see the execution of state GPIO and the specific valve that is being operated and we actually asked ourselves how we can use it in order to initiate watering. So by assuming one of the following either the SSH password is too weak or it has been leaked or either the smart irrigation system itself is compromised then you can apply such an attack, you can open a secure shell terminal and just open the valve using the code that I just present to you the code that was in line 428 and this is the demo that shows you. Okay take a look on the following video. You can see the green AQ and how we are playing with the opening the valve and closing the valve every 10 seconds. This is where it stops for 10 seconds and afterwards it is being again initiated. Now you can see the watering is actually starts again. And we actually used, we applied it using SSH communication that was applied from another compromised device that was connected to the same local area network of the green AQ and then we applied it. Okay so after you know how to actually initiate watering as you wish and in the times that you wish to water them you can also imagine what would have happened, what would happen if an attacker has managed to use a botnet of smart irrigation system. So you know botnets today are being you can render them on the dark web so they are pretty easy to find in the wild, you can find them on the internet, you do not have to actually infect smart irrigation system, you can render botnet and check whether a smart irrigation system is connected to the line of the compromised device where the bot is running and you can think about using a CNC model, a botnet of smart irrigation system and initiate watering from many smart irrigation systems simultaneously and we ask ourselves what would have happened if an attacker has managed to control a botnet of smart irrigation system using a CNC server and we analyze the damage and the typical sprinklers water flow, this is actually the falcon taken from the falcon's specs is between 0.66 and 4.93 cubic meters per hour so let's say on average it's 2.795 cubic meters on average per hour, what is the damage included when the attack is performed using a botnet of smart irrigation systems that are triggered to water simultaneously, now this is actually pretty interesting, you need a botnet of 1,300 sprinklers and you need to operate them for a single hour in order to empty a typical water tower capacity which is around 387 cubic meters and if you're thinking about how you can empty a fluid water reservoir so this is where you need a bigger botnet let's say about 23 thousands and you need to operate them for six hours during night in order to empty a fluid water reservoir which is, its capacity is around 404 k cubic meters so it's actually, let's say a pretty dangerous attack if the attacker can actually harm an entire city and even a nation if he will manage to infect many smart irrigation systems and this is pretty interesting because this generation of IoT devices is actually being used by consumers to regulate resource such as water that are obtained from critical infrastructure now traditional attacks against critical infrastructure require the attackers to somehow infect the critical infrastructure itself they mostly use supply chain attacks they either use some let's say insiders to infect the system, to infect critical infrastructure systems this kind of attack is actually an indirect attack and it's much easier to deploy and the reason that it is much easier to deploy is when you consider critical infrastructure they actually use IDS and IPS increasing the Texas systems and prevention systems to prevent from attackers to attack their systems however as you can see this attack is actually indirect it is much easier to attack the weakest link in the interface between the IoT device to this critical infrastructure instead of attacking the critical infrastructure itself so this was actually the entire idea behind this attack how you can manage to attack critical infrastructure indirectly one last thing regarding ethics we actually provided full ethical disclosure to each one of the smart irrigation systems manufacturers that I showed you green IQ actually thanked us and they decided to apply GPS communication so I think that you will not able to apply our attacks and they are now well aware to their vulnerabilities they also decided to close SSH port in the firmware so they actually prevent from attack from running Python code to initiate watering, rainwater and blue spray engineers contact us and we actually provide them the entire necessary information in order to patch the firmware however they did not tell us told us whether they patched their vulnerabilities so I'm not sure whether you can apply our attacks or no I think that you from my experience with this kind of manufacturer as you probably they did not patch their products yet and they probably have some better things to do this is it any questions okay thank you very much


Well, I'm wondering, I've become more and more intrigued with the idea of mandatory voting like has done in Australia. Now, I'm wondering, you know, if there's, if that, it can only be done on a federal level, or could a city, you know, cities and states and laboratories, could that be done because San Antonio, if the citizens got together and kind of talked about it and say they wanted it and formed a grassroots organization like I'm talking about, somehow get it to where we have a, you know, voting in San Antonio becomes mandatory. Yeah, there'd be a small fine for not, probably. Yeah, there'd be a small fine and the fine could go back as revenue for the city, you know. But now that can hurt the, you know, people who tend not to vote, they might be a lower income. But so there's things like that I wonder about. But then at the same time, overall increasing voting would seem like a benefit, you know, especially maybe people of lower income. Yeah. So it's a constitutional law question whether it would be constitutional and I don't know the answer. I've never heard of that. I'm interested in the law of voting, so I'll look at it a little. I've never heard of a court case that actually, because I don't know if a city or state's ever actually tried it. I assume that what would happen is San Antonio would say we're going to require it for local elections and if you don't do it, we're going to have a fine and somebody would sue, right? Yeah. And then we would find out. But the constitution doesn't explicitly forbid it and generally leaves voting matters to the states in turn. There'd be a home rule question too here. I don't know whether, like in Massachusetts, a municipality couldn't do it. Clearly the state legislature would have to approve it. I don't know how that works here. That's a state law question. I just want to mention one legislative change that I'm pretty sure is constitutional that we would be supportive of is lowering the voting age in municipal elections to 17 or 16. Just municipal because you can't do it, federal. And it's for a specific reason to go to that age, which is that then the kids can be taught how to vote, not who to vote for, but the voting process during their high school socialities class. And they can get in a habit of voting when they're 17. So 18 is a really bad year because an outright majority of kids have just left high school and you can't teach it to them anymore. And several cities either have or are planning to lower the voting age. Tacoma Park, Maryland. Thank you. The question came in on Twitter. Oh, it did? Yeah. And I'm for it. I'm for it. I even did an op-ed on it. Terrific. Oh, okay. If I really had, Michael, to your question, if I really had the time in organizing the cloud, I would probably go for lowering the voting age rather than requiring voting just because I feel like we'd lose a requiring voting battle because it's just the American. You know, I just feel like we would, I'm for it actually, but I just think it's a loser. If you lost in a legal battle, that might set the precedent. Yeah, that's another reason. But I also think it'd be really hard to get a city to do it. Yeah, maybe the right city could do it. Right. Antonio, maybe, but I'm not sure that it is. Yeah, yeah.


The craft foods company presents the great Gildersleeve Brought to you by the craft foods company makers of parquet margarine and a complete line of famous quality food products Let's see how things are going with the great Gildersleeve Not so well apparently Con found it nuts. That's a third time this week darn car Makes me so darn mad. I'd like to give it a good kick in the old chassis Well, you caught me birdie, but that doesn't exactly make you Frank, but the car wouldn't start Well, I just wanted to remind you we need to meet the lunch, Mr. You'll see but if the car won't start I can warm up the lampstool again lampstool. I'll start it if I have to blast it Probably then then well just what we need natural born mechanic Uncle mortman and I have played hi folks Oh Mars And am I glad to see you thanks say is that mr. Bullard's car over there across the street that new one? It's a 46 isn't it? Yeah, it's a pep, huh? He was the first man in summerfield to get delivered. You think he got the congressional medal.  So everybody will see it. That's a view though He must have pulled or something to get it. He's not so much. I'm thinking of getting a new car myself Okay, really? No kidding very possible. We're gonna find a new car these days.  Where Bullard isn't the only man in this town that has connections In the meantime, of course, we're dependent on the old bus Say Ben if you're not planning to do anything I'll go mort you cut that out my dear. What do you mean? You're trying to get Ben to fix your car. I simply want to ask him a question Ben is an expert. I value his opinion. What seems to be the trouble, Mr. Gildersley? Car won't start Was probably cold if he tried priming it priming it. Yeah, just how do you do that, Ben? Oh, it's very simple. You just well followed be easier to show you then What's the matter?  Remember well This wouldn't be anything like that honest. Oh, you make me sick Marjorie I'm afraid Marjorie sometimes forgets that the whole world was not constructed for her pleasure. She'll get over it Right out in the garage, Ben go out the back way if you like Thanks, I'll guess I'll go out the back way I've made it my mind yet my boy. I'm simply considering it. She mr. Bullard's car looks super wish we had it I don't like to see signs of envy in you my boy Especially envy of other people's material possessions. Mr. Bullard has a new car. We have an old car. That's all we have a broken down old car We've spent a lot of pleasant hours in it. We should be thankful. We have any car at all. Okay. I'm thankful Just the same it'd be nice to be rich like the bullets. We're not poor Leroy I could buy a new car tomorrow if I wanted to but I happen to think there are things more important than owning a flashy car Yeah, your education for instance, I believe you're old enough to know that the war bonds I've been laying aside or intended to send you to college. Maybe I don't want to go. Oh, yes, you will You're taking the short view my boy college is very important Where do you think I'd be today if I hadn't had a college education? Things are not tough I'm a prosperous man relatively speaking and I intend to send you to college But if you don't show some signs of ambition pretty soon, I'll blow the money on your sister Well, watch it. That's all Won't be impatient my dear doorbell. I'll go they'll bend to keep plugging out there Leroy keep coming Lila. I don't mind Yes, yes, I suppose you happen to be driving downtown this morning by an impossible time. Well, I'll tell you how it is I wouldn't want you to make a special trip Understand, I wouldn't have you do that for the world of my hairdress is I'd be glad to take you Lila But I've been having a little trouble with the car It won't go. Maybe I can ride down with mr. Bullard. I'll see his cars out in front of their house Maybe now wait a minute my car will be fixed in just a minute Lila bends out there working on it right now Isn't he Margie? Well as long as I'm not so late that Vera won't take me Have you seen mr. Bullard's new car? Yep, isn't it just simply gone stock model there'll be millions of them I'd love to ride in it. Wouldn't you what for the only thing that's different about it is the bumper Under the hood. It's the same old car But it's so new and so Handsome, I don't know. Maybe it's just a weakness of mine, but I simply love high powered motor cars I like to get out on a country road with a top down and feel the wind Racing through my hair. Don't you I know something better than that Haven't you something to do on now. He'll be in any minute I was telling Marjorie Lila that I've been thinking some of buying a new car myself. Have you really well I suppose it takes months unless you're someone important like mr. Bullard I could get this one tomorrow if I made up my mind to buy it really what kind of a car is it's rock model as white sidewall tires I mean what make what make it's a cord a Card are they good? Are they good? They're so good. They stopped making them Before the war even they were too good for the average man. Oh You really should see this baby. Lila. It's like it's like new 5,000 miles than the owner was drafted Long and low with the top you can let down boy if you like wind in your hair, you could have a picnic in this one Oh We could go for long drives together in the country just you and me and I fix a little basket line with fried chicken with my famous fried chicken and we'd stop in some nice quiet place Where there was a little brook, maybe and I'd carry you across the brook just like in the movies Marjorie Yes, goodness, I keep forgetting Marjorie sounds a little upset. Yeah, they get that way so you forget it Where were we? You were carrying me across the brook if I remember correctly What would we do after that Lila? Well, we we'd wander through the meadow picking cow slips, maybe Violets I'd rather pick violets. They smell nicer. I know let's pick wild strawberries Okay wild strawberries and after a while when we were tired of picking strawberries, you know what we do we need them No, we'd lie down side by side. I'm a nice Moshi ground and just look up at the sky and watch the pretty clouds drift by over here So pretty and then what would we do? We jump in your car and dash back to town Glad you're giving up the old car now. Wait a minute. I didn't say I've never said anything about it But I guess it's all right to now. I've always felt kind of funny driving around with you in that old car But Lila, I mean it's more of a family type of car with all those things in the backseat skates and all I've been after Leroy to get those out of there, but about the new car Lila. I was only thinking about that gosh I don't know if I can even afford it. Oh Leroy How's Ben coming there's mr. Bullock coming out of his house. He must be going downtown Leroy, honey run across Street and stop mr. Bullock before he drives off with you Ask him for my ride down with it. Well now wait Leroy Leroy, how's Ben coming with a car? Well, wait a minute then My car is fixed Lila Ben's got it fixed. You don't have to go with Bullard. You can ride down with me Oh, I wouldn't want to put you to any trouble. No trouble Lila. I have to do some shopping for birdie Oh, I'd cry at you. You have the car full of groceries plenty of room in the front seat I have to go anyway Lila, please. Oh, well, you're sweet to ask me Throckmorton some other time She's ashamed She's ashamed of me in my car. I don't care what anybody says. I'm going down there right now and have a demonstration Find out what happens in just a few moments. Mr. Lange I was listening last week when you explained why a park a margin is sometimes so hard to get in the food stores these days Yes, even though craft is making all the park a margarine it possibly can with limited supplies There still isn't enough to meet the big demand. You're right about that big demand one my own family There's a husband and two children who demand park a at every meal I've tried other brands of margarine, but only parka's flavor seems to satisfy them That's what millions of families have discovered Parka's unmatched flavor has made it one of America's favorites spreads for bread believe me I'm keeping a sharp lookout for every new supply of park a my dealer gets that's a good idea Because parka is now an even more valuable food every pound is being fortified with 15,000 units of vitamin a and Every craft food dealer is getting a fair share of all the park a margarine that's available So please be patient when supplies are temporarily short and remember to keep asking for park a parka y Parka margarine made by craft Now let's get back to the great guilders leave We find whizzing along in the family car with his nephew LeRoy I'll bet when we get there the barbershop will be full and you just wait your turn And you get on the end of it Never mind where I'm going. I'm stopping here for a minute. Oh boy. Is that how much he wants for it? And if it's cheap enough, maybe we'll see you I will see Okay, I do something for you. Well, my name's gillers leave. I'm the water commissioner here in the city I'd like to look over this car in the window, please commissioner gillers leave. Yes, sir Larry Gans is the name This is my nephew LeRoy. Mr. Gans. I see interested in automobiles. Are you young fella? Yeah You're gonna look at a real autumn. Just press the button, sonny. You see LeRoy don't climb all over the upholstery. He can't hurt it. Mr. Gilders leave real leather and I mean leather Just feel that feels like leather. All right What about the motor? You know, this is a special body job commissioner The original body on the court was good enough for most people but this particular owner wanted something even better Look at those lines Low, isn't it? Yeah, she's low Sure. She doesn't drag a little No, sir. No, sir, it's all a matter of design boy can't hurt it Horn cost the owner one hundred and fifty dollars in cold cash. Believe it or not Personally, I wouldn't want to tie up that much money in a horn, but that's the way he wanted it So that's the way you had it. Yeah. Yeah, what's under the hood? Mr. Gans commissioner Did I call your attention to this windshield heater? It's a mighty useful thing to have Don't point that thing at anybody LeRoy and don't monkey with everything. Oh, that's all right, sonny Pistol grip searchlight. They're fine when you're traveling. Well, I'm not planning any particular tours I just want a car. I can drive around here something dependable. Oh, this car is dependable. All right Suppose you let your uncle slide in under the wheel there for a minute, sonny I I wanted to get the feel of the car a little well now I don't care if you buy it or not. I just want you to get behind that wheel a minute.  It's a racing type wheel better control at high speeds. That's all when you get around 95 110 It's nice to have She do 110 miles an hour. Just look at that speedometer, sonny goes up to 120 Well, I generally stay around 35 But of course with all this power, you won't know you're over 30. It's that smooth. You don't say and I'll tell you another thing Women are crazy about this car Does something to them it does Get out a minute LeRoy, Mr. Gans and I are talking business We'll see LeRoy we'll see Hear that door.  Yes, I am.  I know I tried it You sit behind that wheel there and you slide along nice and slow and you see a friend may be walking along And you just go And when your friend looks around it gets a peek at this automobile That's all brother Yes at the same time, I don't know a man in my official position needs a car That's pretty conservative.  Oh, of course About how much would you want for this car, Mr. Gans if I was thinking of buying it commissioner? I'll tell you frankly it would be worth something to have you as a customer to you 1495 $1495 yes, sir 1495 takes it away.  I never thought of that quite a substantial allowance on the late model cars the 40s and 41s Well, mine's a little older Alright bring it in. I'll give you a figure you can look at it right now. It's parked right out in front Oh, that's the stuff. Just press the button to open the door. That's it You say your car's right out in front. Yeah, there she is There's two of them. You mean the one behind the jalopy. No Well, I'm afraid it'll have to be largely a cash deal. Mr. Gilbert slave Well, I'll let you know in a day or so Mr. Gans anytime anytime. You're ready.  He's booked up salad till three o'clock Well for who does he think he is Charles of the Ritz? I don't know but he's getting away with it. You should have got here earlier. I had a little trouble with my car Then having a lot of trouble lately I stopped by Larry Gans place to look at that car he has in the window You seen that judge mean that flashy convertible. It's not so flashy. He wants a lot of money for it though I'm thinking it over you'll just leave. I don't understand you You know perfectly. Well, you can't afford to buy an automobile like that.  Believe I know more about my own financial situation than you do horse.  The safe deposit ball Want to look over some of my box.  Oh Good morning. Good morning, sir. You'll just sign the slip please. Hello there, sonny. Hi Who's he a cop? No, he's a bank card. Is he got a gun? I suppose so Will he shoot? Boys never seen a safety deposit ball before by the way, you're new here, aren't you? Yes I just joined the organization this week, you know by George you look a lot like Don Gates our chief of police here in Summerfield Any relation? Oh my brothers Yes, Don went into public service and I went into banking Right this way please sir Go ahead Leroy follow the banker Ten tons to be exact gosh, and it sure take a lot of dynamite to blast through that you weren't thinking of blasting it Were you sonny? Your key please. Oh, yes my key. There you are. Yes, sir 863 Here we are. What does he use two keys for so his right hand won't know what his left hand is doing? Have to be careful in these places Leroy There you are sir if you'd care to step into one of our little rooms Just make yourself at home sir. Thank you Close the door Leroy why I don't know you're supposed to just see what I've got here What's that appears to be an old laundry list Certainly don't know what that's doing here my membership in the National Geographic Society Let's see now fire insurance policy life insurance. Ah, here we are now These my boy are United States Treasury bonds I've been saving those for four years. What are you gonna do with them? Never mind. I'm gonna see how many I have first one two three four five six seven eight nine ten five George they mount up my boy That's the beauty of regular saving by before you know it 11 Yes, sir 1495 takes it away Nothing my boy. I was just thinking gosh, I've got a nothing more right here And of course the white sidewall tires Women are crazy about that car Something what are you thinking uncle? Well, I was thinking I was thinking Leroy that I've got a new automobile right there right there Not envelope.  Well 1495 takes it away and put those other things back in the box Leroy. Let's get out of here quick Quiet do you want to rouse the guard it close that box here? Let me wait a minute? What's this rolled up here, but let me see pull it out. It's got a rubber band around it. Give it to me By George, I forgot I'd put it in here. I haven't seen that in 20 years My old colleagues diploma Nosrector University Cetatis Littererum Promotor Rite Constitutus Inverum Clarissimum Crockmortanum P. Gildersley What's that? That's Latin my boy Latin Yeah Yeah, I remember the day I received that diploma from the hands of old Prexy himself I Remember some of the things he said to us in his commitments to the dress As I look out into this sea of faces he said and see you young men about to go out into the world I Venture the hope that that world will be a better place for your having been there Just a state university is a better place because you were here old Prexy He's gone now By George it brings back memories Leroy put back the bonds Put back the bonds my boy you're going to college put back the diploma to Tell me one thing. What's that my boy? What does it mean? What does what mean what you were reading there? What it says on the diploma my boy? You'll find that out when you go to college Back again shortly With quality spreads for bread in such big demand It's only natural that more families should want to buy parquet margarine Parquet is preferred by millions for its fresh sweet flavor. There are other reasons to of course first It's such a fine energy food Second every pound of parquet is now fortified with 15,000 units of important vitamin a and third Parquet is always made to crafts high standards of quality So it's no wonder more and more families are demanding parquet margarine Unfortunately supplies are limited and craft simply cannot make enough to satisfy everyone So if your dealer is sometimes temporarily out of parquet, please be patient chances are that right soon You'll have a new supply. So keep asking for delicious economical parquet parquet margarine made by craft Ladies and gentlemen, I've only got a few seconds But I want to say something about America's number one problem today the housing shortage The government estimates that more than two million veterans and their families will be looking for a place to live during 1946 Men who have fought our war come home and have to beg Not for food, but for a roof to shelter themselves their wives and their children If you can rent a room to a veteran or part of your home to a veteran and his family Call the Veterans Service Center in your community. The need is terrific. Believe me.  Well, here's the good news. I have for you lovers of good mustard There's a craft quality mustard to please both tastes the mustard with a mild delicate Spicing is golden craft salad mustard and the one that's just a bit sharper is craft mustard with snappy horseradish added They're both delicious and cooked foods on Frankfurters and in tasty sauces So be sure to ask for craft salad mustard and craft horseradish mustard when you shop tomorrow This is NBC the national broadcasting company


One of the consequences of the recent pandemic was an economic upheaval, the likes of which haven't really been seen since the Great Depression. Millions of people lost their jobs. In fact, the only people who really kept their jobs during the beginning of the lockdowns were people who the government deemed essential like nurses and grocery store employees and people who were able to work from home online. Now, the transition to working from home was much easier for some companies than others. During the pandemic, I was actually working for a company that developed cloud collaboration software. So it was a pretty easy transition to work from home, working there. In fact, the guy who was my direct manager when I first started working there lived in New Hampshire and the office was located in Boston. So instead of spending probably thousands of dollars a year on commuter rail tickets, he just limited his office visits to like a couple times a month. And when I was working there before the pandemic, I was already working from home a couple of days a week. So yeah, it was pretty easy to switch. You know, obviously a cloud communications company can function just fine with the vast majority of their workforce working from home. And I think the same is true for any other company where the majority of your time is spent making phone calls, sending emails and screwing around with Excel spreadsheets and other kinds of documents. And so work from home ended up being the best part of the new normal that so many of us were forced to participate in. I mean, imagine how many more salespeople were making more sales with the confidence boost of talking on the phone in their living room with their pants off. Imagine the precision gains from accountants that are balancing billion dollar budgets on one computer screen and then installing Lady Dimitresc mods for Resident Evil Village on the other. There were also some cascading benefits from people working from home. For example, there were fewer people on the roads because nobody had to commute to work. And this greatly reduced the traffic for people who actually did need to go on the roads to drive places. And there was a reduction in pollution. People were saving money because they didn't have to buy as much gas. And I also wouldn't be surprised if some people just ended up selling their cars since commuting is one of the main things that people use their cars for. There's also huge cost savings for businesses as well. When people are making decent money working from home, they typically start investing some of that money, like some of their own money into improving their home office space. They'll buy new desks, new chairs, they'll get new peripherals. Some people even buy new computers for themselves to use at work if the company allows you to bring your own device. And of course, people that are working from home are using their own internet and their own electricity. But the biggest corporate savings is not having to actually rent office space because in big cities, office space is usually so expensive that you have to contact someone just to get a price. But in a place like Boston, it can easily cost you more than $60 per square foot to rent office space. So work from home really makes sense for a lot of people and for a lot of businesses. But despite that, a lot of companies have been issuing these return to office mandates to their employees. And one of the most recent companies to join that trend, oddly enough, is Zoom, the cloud collaboration software company that went from just an obscure like Skype knockoff to becoming a household name because of people working and studying from home. I mean, obviously, Zoom wasn't the best tool. It definitely wasn't the most secure one, but Zoom still managed to carry the academic and professional world on its shoulders for like two years and it became a multi-billion-dollar company in the process. Now, the reason given by Zoom's CEO, Eric Kwan, for these return to office mandates was so that people can get to know each other better. He said over the past several years, we've hired so many new Zoomies that it's really hard to build trust. That's right. Zoom employees are unironically called Zoomies and many of these Zoomies are Zoomers, just entering the workforce after doing college classes on Zoom. And now they're being told to go back to the office. Like, I get some companies wanting employees to return to the office if they already own their office space or if they're still under a contract to rent it and so they don't want to pay all that money for it to be used and not be used. And there's also companies that think they're losing productivity from their employees with this work-from-home model. Goldman Sachs, for example, they've basically done a complete 180 on their work-from-home proposal and they told employees they would need to be in the office five days a week. Amazon CEO Andy Jassy recently told Amazon employees straight up that it's not gonna work out if you don't come into the office at least three days a week. Metta said earlier this month that employees would also need to show up to the office at least three days a week or they could lose their jobs. And this was announced after Metta did an analysis of engineers starting their careers who they found out were more effective when they come into the office at least three days a week to, I guess, be around other engineers or more senior engineers. But of course, the details of this analysis was not shared. Nobody's able to actually fact check this analysis that Metta did. But Zoom, whose only product is remote software, you know, remote working software, them advocating for people to go back to work really sounds insane. It's a horrible PR move, if anything else. It would be like Microsoft saying that they're going to start using iPhones for better security or that they were gonna switch to using Zoom or Slack instead of Microsoft Teams. And the reason that Zoom gave saying that people need to go into the office just to get to know people better sounds like complete bullshit. Like maybe it's just me, but I never felt like office environments were really a good place to actually get to know people and build meaningful relationships. It's a very artificial place with artificial lights and well, artificial people having artificial conversations. I mean, any interesting conversation that I've ever had with a coworker or a conversation where I really felt like I got to know them was always outside of the office and usually it wasn't even on lunch breaks either. It would usually be over like team speak, you know, video game calls if we find out that we played the same video game and then we would play them after hours. That's when the real conversations take place. And the only time that I would really end up interacting with people in the office would be with people that I don't really like. And if I'm going to be forced to interact with people I don't like, I would rather they only take up a few pixels of space on my screen for just one hour during the weekly stand-up instead of at all times or at any random time of the day for five days a week while I'm at the office. Plus I can't go to the office and do my work without pants on. That's the real deal breaker for me. Now one interesting theory I've seen people posting about online is that these back to office mandates are really a way for companies, especially big tech companies to get rid of employees without doing another major layoff and hurting their bottom line. Because if you think about it, the ability to work remotely is a major reason why someone would want to work for one company or another. In fact, it's probably a bigger deal for most people than the healthcare package that a company might offer. And so if all of a sudden you get cut off partially or completely from working from home, you might just voluntarily quit instead of a company having to lay you off and give you a severance package. And more often than not, layoffs have a negative impact on your company's stock price as well, especially when just a few quarters ago, so many of these companies were having hiring frenzies. Like they felt like they couldn't hire enough people. So switching gears that fast from hiring frenzy to layoff frenzy, it makes your management seem short-sighted and cruel because they're basically just disposing of employees. But one of the problems I see with this back-to-work mandate being used as a stealth layoff theory is that these companies won't get to pick who ends up quitting unless they selectively enforce the back-to-work mandates which could just end up causing more bad press and legal trouble than them laying people off in the first place. Also, the people who quit because they don't want to go into the offices are probably going to end up working for competitors in the same sector, which again is probably going to cause more harm than good in the long run. So in reality, there's probably a myriad of reasons for the mass hirings and firings that take place throughout big tech right now, but what are your theories on this clear mismanagement that is taking place? Let me know in the comments section below and be sure to like and share this video to hack the algorithm. Follow me on Odyssey and have a great rest of your day.


People from all over the world come to St. Luke's for treatment. I would not want my worst enemy to go there. St. Luke's has had outcomes that are approximately 70% higher failure rates in the first year than what we'd expect to happen. They always said we was in the right place. You know, they had the best doctors around. Never through this whole process did anyone ever tell us he probably wasn't going to make it. When the best and brightest minds in medicine come together as one... Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center boasted for years of being one of the country's best heart centers. Why would you trust your heart to anyone else? It's located in the Texas Medical Center, the largest medical complex in the world. It was here that famed surgeon Denton Cooley performed some of the world's first heart transplants. Judy Cuiton's husband, David, went to St. Luke's for a heart transplant because of its reputation. We honestly thought we were the best place there was. When he got the call, we were just so ready to do this. He had a good attitude. Like, this was nothing. It was scary, but it made it feel better. Because, you know, he was ready. He was ready to do it. Dr. Jeffrey Morgan performed David's surgery. He even hired a year earlier to lead the program. After the transplant, Morgan spoke with the family. He recalled the conversation in a written statement. I thoroughly explained to Mrs. Cuiton that her husband was critically ill and was on a lot of medication to keep his blood pressure up. The family remembers it differently. He assured us that everything was great. There were no complications. We were so relieved because we thought, this has been a success. David's medical records would later reveal the new heart wasn't pumping enough blood on its own. He would have several more operations in the following week. On day five, David had a stroke. But the family said nobody told them. On day six, Judy recalled Morgan telling her the latest surgery had gone well. But... They were going to have to take this heart out and put an artificial heart in until they could get him a different heart. The next morning, a nurse told them that David had suffered another stroke and his organs were shutting down. The family removed life support later that day. David was 64. John Snyder is with the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. They track transplant outcomes for the government. Our models tell us how many transplant failures or deaths we would expect within that first year. And St. Luke's failures have been about 70% higher. Transplant hospitals are measured in part based on how many patients survived the first year. Between 2014 and 2016, St. Luke's heart transplant survival rate was ranked among the worst in the country. St. Luke's transplant program leaders declined to be interviewed on camera. They acknowledged the poor transplant outcomes but said the spike in patient deaths was confined to 2015. They provided their own data showing improved survival rates following Morgan's arrival. About two months after her husband's death, Judy received an anonymous letter. To the family of David Atoquitan, I struggled with whether or not I should be writing this letter. The transplant that performed the transplant has had mishap after mishap and should not have been allowed to operate on patients. It really shook me to my core. Judy spent the next year searching for answers. It took me weeks and weeks and weeks to get the medical records from them. And as I looked through them and not knowing what every medical term was, I was googling it, trying to make sense of it. Within the 2,000 pages, there were clues. Medical experts reviewed the records and told us the autopsy found signs of a heart attack in the donor heart, a rare occurrence so soon after transplant. On another page, a St. Luke's physician noted that too much time may have passed before the heart was transplanted into David. Nobody mentioned that concern to Judy. She also wasn't aware of the other ways the heart program had struggled under Morgan. In one of Morgan's first transplant surgeries at St. Luke's, he sewed shut a major vein, blocking blood from flowing into the patient's heart, according to 6 medical professionals familiar with the case. The patient died a few weeks later. In a different transplant the next year, Morgan stitched through another major vein, leaving the man in critical condition, according to his cardiologist. Privacy rules prevented Morgan from commenting on the first case. He said the second was complicated by previous cancer treatments. Federal regulators cited the program in January for its poor transplant outcomes. The hospital outlined changes it had made in order to avoid the loss of federal funds. My name is Jeffrey Morgan, and I'm the surgical director. But St. Luke's continued to make misleading claims in its promotional materials. The go-to premier program locally, in my opinion, and nationally, our results are excellent. They're better than the national expected results or volumes. The day after ProPublica and the Houston Chronicle questioned hospital officials about their promotional materials, the videos and brochures disappeared from their website. Several top doctors and surgeons have left St. Luke's in recent years. One was David's previous cardiologist. He tried to get David to leave as well. David's decision was going to be to stay at St. Luke's. I look back now and think that was the biggest mistake we ever made.


Hi guys, so in this video we're going to be taking a look at what happens when we pass arrays to functions or methods in Java. So first let's just take a look at a simple example that involves passing an array to a method performing some operation and returning a value. So here we have a method sum, which takes as its form formal parameter and integer array data. It then adds together all of the items in data and returns the final sum of all of the items. Then in our main method up here we have the integer array A and we then call the sum method here passing in A as the actual parameter. And then we store the returned result from our sum method in B. So here data is the formal parameter of the sum method and for this method call A is the actual parameter. Now if we go ahead and run the main method with this print statement here, you can see that we print out 190 which is the sum of 10, 70, 20 and 19. Notice though, let's say I try to print out result or I try to print out data 0. I'm going to get this red squiggly line here and I'm going to get the error message data cannot be resolved to a variable. And the reason for this is that data and result only exist within the scope of this sum method. So we have our main method and then within the scope of main we have A which references an array containing four values like sir and we have B. So when this line of code is run and the sum method is called from the main method, we have the sum method called with actual parameter A. And within the scope of this method call exists our formal parameter data which refers to the same array as A. And we also have our variable result whose value changes throughout the run of the for loop like so until the loop terminates and results final value 190 is returned to the main method and stored in variable B. So once we've exited our sum method, everything that is local to the method no longer exists and therefore data no longer refers to this array. So this relationship no longer exists and that's why when we tried to print out data or result up in our main method here we got that error message. Now there are a couple of really important points to be aware of when passing arrays to methods and the first one is this. When passing an array to a method, if you modify the contents of the formal parameter, the contents of the actual parameter are also modified. So let's take a look at what this means using this reset method over here in Eclipse. So what this method does is it takes the formal parameter integer array data and it sets each item in data to zero. Now just a reminder that at present, if we go back to our array A here, A references an array containing these four values here. So at the moment A references an array 10, 70, 20, 90. Now let's just get rid of our sum method here. And what we're going to do is we're going to call reset method on our array A. And I'm then just going to use a loop to print out each item in array A after reset has been called on the array less than A dot length I plus plus and print out each item in A. So now if I go ahead and run this, we can see that each item in the array referenced by A has been reset to zero. So by modifying the contents of data, we've also modified the contents of A since they both refer to the same array. So in other words, by modifying the contents of a formal parameter, we've also modified the contents of our actual parameter A. So now the second important thing to note when dealing with passing arrays to a method is if you re-reference the formal parameter, the actual parameter is not re-referenced. So let's pop back over to Eclipse and we'll take a look at what this means using our final method set to null. So we have the set to null method here. Again, it just takes one formal parameter integer array data and it simply sets data to null. So now let's go back up here to our main method and we're going to create a new array X that contains three values, 10, 70, and 20. So this is what X looks like in our notation. It references an array containing these three values. So let's write a statement here to run the set to null method with X as the actual parameter. So at the start of the set to null method when it runs with X as the actual parameter, data from set to null will refer to the same array as X. But let's now move this print statement down here and change it to print out the contents of X really quickly. So if we now print out the contents of X after running set to null with X as the actual parameter, let's go ahead and do that. And we can see here that the contents of X have remained unchanged. We've printed out 10, 70, 20. So what's happened here is that after the set to null method is called, data has been set to null. Data, the formal parameter here, or here. And so data here no longer refers to this array. So this relationship no longer exists. Data has been set to null. But X here remains unchanged. So that's just an example of how if we re-reference the formal parameter data in this case, the actual parameter X is not re-referenced. All right, so that is all for this video on passing arrays to functions or methods. I hope you found it helpful and thank you for watching. Bye.


Hey everybody I'm Lance Quakey and today I'm gonna show you how to make a super quick super simple breakfast that I actually I make it every single day All right, so to start I gotta got my pans out pots out I got all my food products out of the fridge here, and I got my coffee that I gotta finish So I'm gonna turn this pan on we have an electric stove It goes from levels one to ten and I normally put it on six It's got to heat up a little bit while I do that I'm gonna grab some Chicken now. This has been prepped already.  So I'm gonna grab a fork I'm just gonna scoop it on this pan and so instead of having to You know reheat in the microwave separately. I'm just gonna reheat it directly on the pan And I'm gonna make enough for Two of us. That should be good Spread that around So I just spread it around the pan so that it gets good even coverage here so That's like rosemary. So we're gonna pull that out as well. So now while this heats up I start prepping other things first thing my vegetable of this meal is usually just raw carrots And I just start eating them. I'd like to finish my coffee first though because the sweetness Carrots really interferes with how good my coffee tastes So start chomping on that Let this heat up. I want to make a little bit of noise I'm gonna put some great seed oil just to kind of Lube up the pan give it a little bit more flavor That way when the oil heats up, I'll hear it and I'll kind of know. Hey, this is starting to be at 10 you might want to Put some eggs in soon So that you don't ruin it I'm definitely gonna put salt and definitely gonna put pepper I'll prep my egg carton by even just opening it up I'm gonna I've been using three with a little extra meat one here for Allison to And then once I pull those out, I just put this away So this is what our pan looks like I spread all the pulled chicken around And we're just gonna wait until this oil underneath here starts to make some noise And then we'll spin it around you can get a little Crusting with the pan heat so it gives you a little bit more flavor as well. I Also like to have oatmeal with everything so We're gonna start prepping that. I don't generally cook it because I feel like it's done too quickly But I'll just pour a little bit of water in Because I'm only gonna have a little bit of oatmeal. That should be good Just a super tiny bit Something kind of like this level here. We just keep eating carrots So this is ready So I'm starting to hear some sizzling Still eating my carrots. I also like to have about 16 ounces of water With this so I'll start sipping on that stuff just goes I'm trying to save time. I don't want to spend all morning cooking here I can inspect this a little bit, but I know by the sound that I don't have any browning on the chicken yet So I'm just gonna let it sit a little bit longer I don't want the oil splash to get crazy So we'll have to keep an eye on it at this point though. I might Start putting in some rosemary. I've got some fresh rosemary and it's kind of hardy and It tastes a little bit better when it's a little bit cooked So we're gonna make sure it gets some time in the heat here. I'll just pick it off of my hand Easy enough. This is a nice low calorie. No calorie Way to get some flavor. I kind of like to put a lot in. I want a hint of rosemary All right, we're gonna put this away And it's starting to move around I'm starting to get a little bit of explosion underneath the meat. So just mix it around slightly This will also help distribute the oil that I poured in And there's a little bit of oil off the chicken, especially since there's some dark meat in the whole chicken that I put on here, so That will also come out and distribute and you can use it. It uses it or we use it as a cooking oil Keeps the friction down and gives some flavor. Now you can save time by Not doing this crisping feature. Oh, man that rosemary You can save time by Just you know saying I'm just gonna heat it up. I want it to be not very crispy But I kind of like the crispy so I'm gonna cook it a little bit longer. Oh, yeah, that rosemary It's gonna be good and Ice generally eat carrots until my eggs are done. All right, this is probably okay now as it's been heating The pan is going to be too hot to cook eggs You need more heat to heat up the meat then you need to cook eggs eggs are very sensitive Their chemical structure changes really easily So what we got to do Take our non-stick pan and move it off the direct heat This heat is super intense and what it does is just turns on max, you know speed here and then rests and that resting temperature is what gives you your Intensity on the dial Pretty much just never turns off if you Turn it up to 10 But that's too much too much for eggs. So We are going to I have to move the chicken to one side Put my spoon over there so I don't place it on the counter and it messes everything up and Then I just crack on the flat surface. I don't like cracking on the rim because I feel like it gets more eggshell in there And hopefully this will be pretty painless here. I do my best to Hit pretty hard break them right in half and I'll even scoop out the egg like this But if I can if I can do that have a pretty good half so I can just stack them all here I'm gonna hold it all While I do the other ones and then one more so yeah, I don't know this is probably about I did get some shell They all have to grab This is probably about 10 ounces of chicken and four eggs for the two of us Oh, I got another shell that wants to fall in so I'm gonna not use that one. There's one the other shell tends to stick to the other shells It's just not as effective alright, so You can see if you look in the pan here that This is Starting to cook already And you can see that because the white is turning white So I'm gonna break it all up and I'm gonna scoot it around now It's been off the heat for so long that it's not really gonna Keep cooking so I'm gonna have to move it back to the heat But I try to get it kind of homogenous a little more homogenous What is the actual word for it colloid? I want it to be a nice evenly distributed colloid I'm sure I'm saying that wrong Colloid But we'll do that and then we'll just move it over to the heat again and now All we're doing is putting it on the heat bringing it off the heat putting it on the heat bringing it off the heat I don't turn the heat down What I do is I let it heat up and then we pull it off So the bottom row the bottom layer there doesn't overcook and Instead the heat stays the heat from the pan the heat that stays in the pan is what cooks the eggs there's a really interesting video from Gordon Ramsay that I watched so many years ago, but he's cooking eggs Showing you how to cook scrambled eggs and that's that's basically the method that I'm doing here The the eggs are just so susceptible to the heat that you you can only get a nice Kind of I want to say fluffy, but I don't want to put any milk in this But you can only get that if you're cooking pretty low And you've got a pot or pan that's gonna hang on to the heat It's not all bad that you know overcook them, but I just I don't like the taste nearly as much So I do this a little effort. I can Keep moving back and forth and if I keep stirring then I'm not going to Burn anything I Will If you keep stirring and you keep it on the heat, I do think that it will burn So you do still have to take it off the heat But if I keep stirring now I can cook faster and these will be done pretty soon And then what I'm gonna do I'm gonna have to put my phone down here I'm gonna put some salt and pepper on this but when I do that I need to not leave it on The burner if you go and do anything while you're cooking this you can see that right there this like Bubbling it's cuz the eggs are Burning on the bottom if I go do anything I need to take it off the burner and then Do my steps so I'm gonna do the pepper Here put that away And since it's off the burner. I don't have any intense heat My eggs will taste a little better So then we're here And I just distribute still got a rosemary in there Which is still kind of cooking and reducing or releasing some of its aroma and flavor Into the eggs you can if you'll inspect the eggs. They're still kind of goopy. So they're definitely not done So we want to keep cooking. I just continuously scrape up all these Nights One thing you can do if you feel like you need more surface area to cook You spread everything out and if you feel like I just left it on the burner too long And I need to fix something then you scoop everything together and off to the side The center part of the pan is the hottest part So that will protect The eggs from burning So I will generally Not stop stirring while it's on the burner But when it's off, I might actually leave it especially at the end here. I'll kind of distribute So I think the least cooked parts are on the bottom and then I might just Just for a sec You'll get this more homogenously Cooked kind of like continuous layer And that's that's kind of like the outside of a Omelette that's kind of what you're going for there I just do that scramble style because omelettes require more skill And yeah, I think that's pretty good. So I am now I've decided my eggs will be fine They don't need to go back on the burner here. I am gonna let them sit and cook for a second But next we're gonna take the water For the oatmeal and we're gonna start cooking it.  I'll just open this up To minimize dishes. I've learned to do it in this order.  You have more surface area exposed And that becomes extra important with the oatmeal, which is just Molten hot and I like to use this spoon to kind of since it's soft and it's not gonna damage my pan I like to use it to scrape all the food as much food as I can get pretty easily Because it makes cleaning simpler now, I don't want to cool this pan right away Because I don't want it to start warping So we're just gonna let it sit It's not too hot But we're just gonna let it sit for a little bit longer and then I'll put it in the sink and soak it And our water tends to work pretty quickly Our water is just about boiling over here. Yep boiling So now I'm gonna put just a little bit of oatmeal in Pour it in a little more water than I normally use but These oats are going to be a little runny a little wet It's not I don't like the taste as much but it does clean faster So I like to do that now and then we gotta turn this heat down right away down to a simmer And I just use the same spoon to mix it up And then it's just got to sit there for five to eight minutes while it cooks Which is about the time it takes to eat your eggs All right eggs are about done Which means I can either Wait for this to cook off some more of the water. There's definitely too much water I've never used this much water Normally what I would do is I'll put too much oatmeal in with the water But then I'd have a lot to eat and I'm just not that hungry I probably don't need the calories, so I'm gonna try to pour off some of the water and then I'm gonna move it onto my plate here That actually worked better than I thought it would So I'm gentle with the spoon the metal on metal can scratch your pan So I don't want to damage it and then All I'm doing here is I got a small plate full of oatmeal That's molten hot so I spread it out This is gonna be a little too hot yet to put water in but I turn the burner off and then I like a little bit of honey I don't mix it in and I don't pour it on we have this Awesome 309 Manuka honey from New Zealand from one of my clients's family's businesses So I just put very little bit on the edge there That's even probably a little more than I normally use and then obviously I like the knife mmm Put the honey away, and now this is too hot to eat the way that I speed that up as I just kind of bring it up I blow on it because that's how There about dynamics works You do the same thing with that soup if the bowl is really hot you pick some out and Then cool that down and then you put it back in and it's kind of like Relatively, it's like an ice cube. It's not as cold as an ice cube obviously But that's how you start to you increase the surface area where things can evaporate and cool down and then you Homogenize again. That's the third time. I think I use that word What else so after? Breakfast I kind of like to have some tea so I'm gonna prep some of that to you Tea's full of all sorts of good stuff. So it's not too bad to have as long as you're not over doing the caffeine I'm gonna fill my kettle up To the minimum because I don't really need any more than that And then What else his clients actually gave her this super nice Earl gray tea that I have all the time It's a loose leaf. So I've got a scoop it in Whoa put too much in again, you know, I just had coffee. I don't really need the caffeine I feel like any caffeine, but I probably shouldn't rely on it I just set it in there and then I can put the tea away Now usually if this is not cooled down a might start on dishes But this will usually cool down pretty quickly Just with the timing of everything, right? So we did the eggs and then we ate the eggs about the thing cooked So it's been sitting on the low simmer for a while. So it is hot water holds heat but It'll cool down once it stops steaming quite so much then my my scared little tongue is okay to try some And that's okay. So the last thing I did want to show you Outside of my teeth here is when I'm eating this I put the honey on the side of the plate, right?  I like to take a scoop Put it in my mouth and then take a little scoop of honey Put that right on my tongue Then it's delicious, but I'm not overdoing it, right? I don't have a large volume of stuff like that. So When we get honey, we can get really nice stuff like this 309 honey Because we're not burning through it so fast like we've we got this carton from them before the pandemic and It's still here We're still still eating it and that's kind of the secret to eating healthy is you got a You can't eat to make yourself happy Which is a whole deeper conversation that we're not ready for in this video, but That's pretty much it sounds like my water's good Turn that off pour this in and then I'll just you know, it's again It's the same kind of layer thing. I'm gonna let this steep and cool down while I eat my oatmeal and then I can Move this pop to the sink get it ready for soaking so that it's easier to clean later on And by the time I'm done with this it might actually be good enough to just knock it out And then I don't have to worry about them those dishes later on That's it Thanks for watching. Hope you liked it If you learned something hit the like button and subscribe to be notified when I release new videos If you want more kitchen stuff to watch I got a whole playlist of stuff like that or if you need something different maybe afterwards you got to Get some gut motility Movement going on I've got a whole mobility circuit playlist that you can do it's called limber up with lands


Selected databases allow you to export citation information to automatically create references in your Enno Online Library. In this video we will look at how to export references from Web of Science and EBSCO databases. Select Web of Science from the Libraries Database ATZ list and log in with your curtain credentials. Perform a search for your topic. On the search results page, tick the boxes next to the articles you wish to send to Enno Online. Then click the export button which appears at the top of the results list and select the Enno Online option. You will be prompted to sign in to your Web of Science account. An export records dialog box will appear. Click on the export button. And the references will be added to your Enno Online Library. You can view them under the My References tab in your Enno Online account. Direct Export is also available from EBSCO databases including Business Source Complete, Sonal Plus with Full Text, Art Full Text and Sport Discuss. Log in to the database and perform a search for your topic. On the search results page, click the blue folder icon next to the articles you wish to send to Enno Online. Once all are selected, click on Folder in the top toolbar. Tick the boxes next to the articles you want to export or select All. Then click on the export option in the right-hand menu. Under Save citations to a file formatted for, select Direct Export to Enno Web. And click Save. You will be prompted to sign in to your Enno Online account if you have not already logged in. The references will then be added to your library.