And all the time, amen, we had a privilege this morning to come from Yelm, Washington There's a I went with four girls and I wasn't sure what I was asking and Tuesday morning had a home group So I was asking my home group to pray for the trip. They were asking to pray for the sermon I said no for the trip And so but the girls I didn't drive there and didn't drive backwards and we all came in one piece Girls can be trusted with driving amen And we've seen we've seen a man of maybe about eight to ten people got healed last night over there in that service It was a Ukrainian very traditional church In stuff and so we had a really good time and arrived very very early in the morning and stuff And so but to God be all the glory for the things that God is doing through our ministry I met some people there who I guess I was speaking in Portland a year ago And they still have the message on a replay about the Holy Spirit and they still were touched And so we give all the glory to Jesus Christ. Amen Some of you know that this weekend we have a creation fest in tri-cities Fair Childs assigned a 20-year contract with the creation fest that means for next 20 years There's gonna be a creation fest a week after the boat races And so it's gonna draw about 10,000 people into tri-cities who will come not just to get drunk walk around get naked and get kidnapped But who will come here to worship the king of kings and the Lord of lords can somebody say amen So it started tonight It's gonna continue tomorrow and Friday and on so just really want to encourage each one of you to Take opportunity of those events and to go in especially those of you who paid and it's a lot cheaper than the boat races and Stuff and it's gonna bring you a lot more benefit and a lot less temptation and if you're single you might meet someone there And nine days we have our conference nine days Amen, some people may ask, you know, why we have a conference. We just had a conference I want to remind you that typically in churches they have these things called summer camps and I usually go to a lot of them and after I guess going to so many of them You know, we wanted to do a summer camp as well for our church and the feedback We've received from a lot of young adults is that for most people they've said you know with when it comes to summer camps You know, we're like, hey, we rather have just a conference We're Friday night Saturday morning Saturday evening and Sunday morning We're just gonna come together to serve and seek the name of Jesus Christ And so instead of a summer camp where we will spend $200, you know We will have a summer conference a young adults conference next weekend every single person you have to be here It starts on Friday at seven Sunday morning at Saturday morning at 10 after Saturday morning There's gonna be a free lunch here to get a free lunch and then we're gonna have right there in the lunch area We're gonna have a little talk show a forum and then the service at 6 p.m On Saturday the final service and then on Sunday morning as well. And so I just really want to encourage each one of you Let's plan for that weekend next weekend. We're gonna see the kingdom of God come. Amen Let's put our hands together for the Lord Jesus Christ one more time And so with that said let's open our Bibles to 1st Kings chapter 12 verse 7 and verse 8 Last week we talked about the last scene legacy We talked about a king named Jeroboam and today We're gonna talk about another king who was at the same time as the king Jeroboam and his name is Roboam So just a few little difference to his letters to his name And he was the king of another part of Israel And so let's read from verse 8 into verse 7 till verse 8 and they spoke to him Saying if you will be a servant to these people today and serve them and Answer them and speak good words to them. They will be your servants forever and verse 8 But he rejected the advice which the elders had given him and Consulted the young man who had grown up with him who stood before him I want to preach to you or present to you a small topic that will be called the practical guide to Good decisions the practical guide to good decision-making Every single day you make decisions and these decisions have consequences and many times we make poor decisions And today we want to bring up from this story of the Bible few simple nuggets few simple Principles that would help us to navigate through life better by making better decisions I would encourage you to take notes Maybe something that will you will learn is something that will stand out to you and it could make your life better for the glory of God Let me give you just the background first of all to this story King Roboam comes on the scene What his dad is Solomon and his grandpa is David? He comes on the scene of a kingdom that's already inside had a crack because of Solomon's idolatry and He gathers people up his consulers He gathers his friends and he gathers his father's Mentors as he gathers older people and he's asking them You know how should I proceed because people came to me and they're asking me to lower down the taxes They're asking me to do less construction projects because see Solomon he was very wealthy But he had a lot of construction projects Solomon was building a temple then Solomon was building his own house Solomon was building different cities Solomon was building a lot of weaponry and all of that required money all of that required work source and all of that required higher taxes and People paid for those taxes so his son comes on the scene and people came to him and saying you know what? I know you're probably gonna be as smart as your dad as powerful as your dad Can we cut the construction projects? We got the temple. You got the house. We got the cities Let's stop building things. Let's lower down the projects so that we can lower our taxes So he had this dilemma he comes to his friends and he asked them what should I do his friends like dude You're the guy in charge. You got to prove them.  They will serve you for the rest of their life and here is a king He needs to make a decision Which decision would you make? Well, he makes a decision He makes a decision to go ahead with the advice of his young people and Comes up to people a young stud a rookie He just became a king and he says hey guys I'm gonna increase the taxes.  No Ten tribes gather together and say you know what? We're not gonna be a part of your kingdom and they created a rebellion and now instead of getting 12 tribes who bring taxes and money He only is left with one main tribe of Judah and ten left and those ten tribes Never ever in the history of the Old Testament came back to be a part of a nation called Israel such a small decision and it broke a nation For its complete future right down number one First principle when it comes to decision-making is this best decisions in life are those that lighten people's burdens The best decisions in life are those that remove people's burdens You must understand as a Christian or as those maybe who are coming and you're exploring Christian faith Is this is the decisions that you make? How you know whether decision is good or bad by looking will this decision? Remove someone's burden or will it increase their burden? Every decision you take is either increasing someone's pain or removing someone's pain Every decision you take is either saving someone's soul or destroying someone's soul I remember talking to a one man who already has a who has daughters and He's not married now and and he's he was talking about smoking weed He says you know I struggle with smoking weed and I I smoke weed in my garage And and he's like I always tell myself that my smoking weed is not hurting no one and I said Does it really not hurt no one?  I become closed down. He said my daughters call and I ignore He says good people call and I ignore instead of going to the gym. I lock myself in I lock myself in my garage And he says I ask begin to avoid people. So yes, he says smoking weed does not just it's not just my own circle It's not just affect me. He says it affects anyone who is in contact with me and so is every sin Every bad decision you take no matter how much you tell yourself. It only affects me it affects people around you What makes decisions bad is when they increase the pain in people's lives The filter through which we have to look at when we make decisions in life is this one is that people? Always have to be a priority when it comes to decision-making Not your popularity Not your power not your prestige and not your not ability not prosperity Because see this king Rebaum what he was making is this he wanted to become richer. He wanted to become bigger He wanted to make more money. He wanted to prove something That was his main thing in life.  Don't be surprised if you're always alone If you're always pursuing your prosperity if you always want to make more money If you always just your main goal is just to become more famous and just to have more fun But people are not the most important thing in your life cars are Clothes are houses are degrees are but not people you will be left alone and it's not God's fault People will leave you when they're not important We live in a generation today where humans where people are not priority We go into other planets to find life and if we find bacteria We celebrate because there is life and when you go into a womb and there is a heartbeat we call that a tissue and sell those tissues Why explore life on other planets and kill the life and hear that has a heartbeat Because that's the generation we live in today and let's not just blame the culture that doesn't value life Let's look in deeply into a religious culture if you look at the days of Jesus and in today's days Where Jesus is not the most important where people are not the most important guess what happens in the religious circles People are not important rules are in The world people are not important money is more important power is more important But many times in the religious circles and you all have been a part of that and I have been a part of that and some of us Unfortunately can't contribute it to this theory where you come into a religious circle and you recognize one thing that in this circle The most important thing is the rules not people That's why when you saw in the days of Jesus people, you know eating during the Sabbath or now washing their hands and Pharisees got furious During the Sabbath the men got healed and Pharisees became angry because the Sabbath was broken They had this idea that God created Sabbath and had nobody to keep the Sabbath. So he created people That somehow Sabbath people were serving the Sabbath instead of the Sabbath was serving people It's good to keep rules. But remember the rules were given for people not for rules itself You know, I grew up in a very, you know Our family the one we grew up in it cares a lot about our family name and rules and everything and I saw I've learned this from my parents First in a negative and then in the positive when my brother just graduated from high school My brother Andre and he wanted to go to to military He wanted to go to you know to to serve our conscious military and you know in my family the way we grew up Nobody went to military and so that was kind of discouraged stay home.  I'm like is that what's really important to our family? She says what will others think? And I was like since when do we care and my brother start changing before before God start changing his life I saw a change in my parents What a day to one of my relatives who made fun of my family and my brother and who were saying oh look at your son and They're judging him based on his hair while their own children were doing nasty things that they didn't know about and my parents They defended my brother. They say you know what? Yes We might not might not be our favorites and most best choice for him to grow that hair But he is our son and that is not the most important thing in our family What kind of hair you have but what kind of heart you have and whether you serve God and when I saw that in my Parents and I said, you know what if my parents put a value on the person above the principal That's when the person gets changed and that's how it's changed the heart of my brother You know in the younger years when I when we just started our ministry and there was this young man who got saved he was the first person who got saved in our ministry and He was a good friend of mine and he became my disciple and we were in the younger years We were a little bit more strict like if you were in high school and you were thinking about dating not dating But thinking about dating you will be condemned to the eternal damnation without any hope of redemption and reconciliation That was just how it was and partially that came from me trying to not date and so I kind of spilled on another people and And this particular gentleman he comes from American culture, you know, he came from a culture where dating was a sport, you know dating Let's face it it is today and so it's just something you do on Fridays It's kind of like drinking coffee with us and I was gonna come from my culture where you know This was abomination and I remember when you know and this that's not the problem which cultures we come from The problem is that when he found a girl that he liked it was from our own ministry. He only liked her. They didn't go out he liked her and This is I remember what I did is that I valued my principle so important that to me It was more important that this young man would follow the principles Then this young man He tried to follow that principle. He tried to kill his feelings I remember looking he was like a poor martyr walking around trying to kill those feelings and they kept spurring and spurring and spurring And I got angry. I'm like, you're not being obedient. You're not being you know, he didn't do anything He just liked her and after a while, you know, he felt judged He felt the problem wasn't judgmental The problem wasn't even the right was teaching what I was telling him the problem was that in my mind my rules our rules was more important than people Because even since then I've done it to many people and people have done it to me Well, they brought the line and say, you know what? This is the line and this is you can't cross but when people bring that and they have you as the priority not the line You feel it you respond differently And I'm saddened to say but this young man he left our church He eventually started today this young lady and my prophecy of course came to pass She left him and when she left him he wanted to come back But he felt so disappointed that he couldn't come back Because he was afraid that in here rules are more important than people and Sadly at that time it was but you've come to a place today We value rules because rules are meant for your good not against you But people are why Jesus came and died on the cross not rules for God so loved the world Because somebody say amen If you ever want to make good decisions in life remember people are more important in principles People are more important than anything else in life if you put as a foundation of your life serving people Even if it will cost you your time even if like Roboam It will cost you a little bit of your personal because see if he would put people above his own ego He would have to kind of maybe trim his lifestyle on the most Richest people in the world he might have fallen from the number one who had three hundred billion dollar of income to maybe number three Who had a hundred billion dollar of income? Yes, it might have cut his pride Yes, it might have cut his little bit of reputation But what it would have done to him is it would have given him a lasting Legacy and it would have given him people who loved him When you put power Prosperity prestige and other things above people There's nothing wrong with those things. They just cannot be above people. You will be left without no one But by yourself if you look at King Saul and you see in the beginning of King Saul's reign He put people above even his own life where he went to protect a city Risking his own life Risking the lives of other men because that's how good success is founded on the foundation of people matter You look at King David when he went to kill the Goliath He put his life on the line to protect his people and then ran as a fugitive for more than 15 years Just to protect his people and then God gave him the honor and the respect and people followed him Because he served them You look at our Lord Jesus Christ. He could have easily rode into this world with a limo seen from heaven He could have easily brought angels on this earth and make every living thing including ants and spiders To bow to him, but he didn't he came as a servant He let himself be walked and carried and he washed people's feet. He served people You know what Jesus's label was a friend of Sinners He loved people. He was always around people. He wasn't somewhere in the cave hiding and talking to God He was always loving and serving and bringing people to salvation and then we know Jesus is coming back and People will worship him The Bible says every knee will bow and every tongue will confess why because that's exactly what people do when you serve them They will follow you They will love you and they will respect you But if you lift yourself up if you make yourself first the number one priority Don't be surprised if you're gonna have to attend your own celebration and No one will be there to do it. Life is like game of tennis those who serve well seldomly lose be a person who Loves other people be a person who saves other people be a person who is not in such a hurry in life That doesn't take time to pause and Take somebody up pick somebody up be a person who makes a goal to be a home group leader Because it's about people you may be so successful You may say I don't need to mentor or help or raise other people the greatest commodity on this earth is not cars diamonds and gold It's people It's not dolphins and it's not trees though. I love them both. It's people and It's not your beautiful cat that you post snapchats every single day of its people Because somebody say a man That's why next next week's conference is about people. I want to encourage each one of us Let's bring people to salvation, you know when when we focus on people when we bring them closer to God God does such incredible miracles. I heard actually right before the service a young lady named Nicole Who you know, she came last if I'm not mistaken last Sunday is probably one of the first time She came to our church and yesterday she gave her life to Jesus She was trying to find a job for the last nine months. She's studying in the beauty school She was trying to find a job for nine months and today she got a job When we put people as a priority God will always back up with his miracles You know why a lot of people come here even if you look at this sanctuary right now Because when one thing that people will tell you when they come here is this is they feel accepted Now we don't water things down we call hold our standards But our standards are for people are not for standards sake because somebody say amen when we create the atmosphere Even without God listen to me carefully even without God if we create an atmosphere where people are loved and accepted The largest stadium in our city Will be empty will be completely full and will not be enough for our gatherings Because there's a deficit. There's no other place in this dry cities where people are more important than anything else You may say well my buddies gather together and they drink.  Our intentions are your well-being your salvation and you serving God you becoming successful Because somebody say amen We make best decisions when we make people as our number one priority number two decisions have consequences and consequences and Decisions are the consequences so decisions have consequences and decisions are the consequences Let me explain that to you This is actually very simple and you have to keep that up front of your mind about every decision that you make in life The King Robom what he did is he made a decision to listen to his friends and not to put people as number one in his life and right away he had repercussions the Consequences for those decisions were he experienced extreme loss financially He extremely lost in the area of his social life in the area of every area of his life was affected by his decision because every decision you make will have consequences But what this King did not know is that this decision that he made Not only this decision has consequences this decision was also a consequence of some other things that happened in the past One of the reasons he made that decision was because there was a prophecy That was said that the ten kingdoms will be removed from his life One of the reasons he made this decision was because his daddy at the end of his life Instead of worshiping God he worshiped gods and worshiped idols and he provoked the anger of God thus Unleashing some not really good vibes into the next generation So here is a king making decisions seeing bad consequences bad decisions But what he does not know is that his decisions are also a consequence of Something else that is coming from before Well, I first when we first got introduced to the Ministry of Prophet to be Joshua from Lagos, Nigeria We all knew that your decisions have consequences That's that's pretty normal every self-help book and Barnes and Nobles every speech You probably have heard will tell you that if you make a decision you will have a consequence If you take a left turn you're gonna end up in there if you take a right turn You're gonna end up in there if you marry this person That's exactly what's gonna happen if you drop out of school and you know and just play video games There's gonna be consequences if you go to gym and you work out, you know regularly There will be consequences if you pray there will be consequences if you fast There will be good consequences all of these things have consequences and we knew that we teach that in church But going to the Ministry of Prophet to be Joshua I found the other side of the coin that I honestly was completely unaware of that sometimes our decisions that have consequences are already consequences over spiritual force Pushing us in the wrong direction So here you are trying to control the wheel not realizing that the wheel is broken And so you are pushing it and you are being pushed by some other power. That is not You're not aware of I remember talking to a young lady she gave her life to Jesus in our ministry and Talking to her she was in a lifestyle of lesbianism and she started to mention and how she I asked her how she entered into the lifestyle How did she go into the lifestyle and though this is not the story of every person practicing homosexuality? But for this young lady this was the case and she said that at a very young age that one of the Relatives would come into her room and would take advantage of her sexually and this continued and continued and then is stopped with One person and continued with the other person and then she says it threw me into a very big spiral of Of this lost living so I was very sexually promiscuous in school And I just kind of slept you know with a lot of guys and then she she had few children and then you know Some other unfortunate things happen with one of her boyfriends And then she was pushed into that lifestyle and she says when I was in that lifestyle I knew in the back of my mind, you know the right way the biology our bodies how God created things I knew the right way, but she says I couldn't stop it and she said people judged me based on that But nobody knew why I did what I did and I remember looking at her and telling her actually you don't even really know why you did that You know why you went into that lifestyle. You think it's because of the abuse But we can go deeper and realize why the abuse happened in the first place Why is it not no other people didn't experience the abuse and when we start talking about her family? And we started to actually she said oh my goodness I realized this is an epidemic that it happens in my whole family. This is not just an isolated case She says this happened to this and to this and to this person. And so the very abuse also had a reason If you make decisions in life and you do only blindly looking at the consequences of decisions But you don't open your eyes to the spiritual world.  Hey, you were acting crazy. You should have stopped acting crazy You should repent for acting crazy Jesus doesn't judge that man He comes to the man and he realizes his decisions had consequences Consequences, but his decisions are consequences of another force that is pushing those decisions and Actually this force was a combination of 6,000 demons that was pushing his life and our Lord Jesus Christ Unlike religious people unlike typical people. He doesn't judge that man He deals with the source of his decision making which is the power of the enemy He removes that power and this man starts to make good decisions. What's the first decision? He makes he puts on his clothes Before he always tore it down. I wonder which other spirits cause people to remove their clothes Well, we leave that for another day It's not the demons kind of like people on clothes and then Jesus comes in and the first decision He makes he puts on his clothes and the Bible says his mind returns He begins to speak normally and then he makes other decisions. He says Jesus I want to follow you Why he makes good decisions because now instead of evil force pushing him there is the Holy Spirit Influencing him. Let me ask you a question. Every decision you are making Who is influencing you? And I'm not asking about your friends Who is influencing you? Which spirit? Which curse? Which family are bringing What is influencing you? You may say nothing.  He also thought he was just making a decision He was not aware of another side of the coin where there was a prophecy That pushed that decision. It's as though he was just a slave of Superiors superior spiritual world that was controlling him and bringing devastation Our world is The son the spiritual world is the father you and I we are not superior There is a superior world that controls this world If you look at one of the followers of Jesus Judas who betrays Jesus sells Jesus for 30 shekels and we know that is a bad decision that he makes But in reality we know why he makes the decision because the Bible says Satan put into the head of Judas to betray Jesus and then we go a step further and we see another thing is that Satan enters Judas and that's how Judas carries out bad decisions So we can stand here and blame Judas and say he was so greedy. He was such a mean man But in reality Judas was influenced by the spiritual world that made him to make decisions Which had bad consequences That's how all decisions are really are you're either influenced by the Holy Spirit or we get influenced by a spirit that are not holy the demon spirits This happens with people all the time that the clip that we saw right now of a young man from Romania or Or a lady from France They received prayer and they came here for prayer. Why because they've seen the decisions They're making are being influenced by something that's not of their own and during prayer It was exposed that some that force that lived there and when that force of the devil was removed these people now are not just Free to live their life, but they're free to make decisions. They're a good The reason why you and I need freedom in their life is so that you can be truly free to make decisions That you need to make that God wants you to make instead of making decisions Influenced by the devil because somebody say a man and lastly write this down And I'm just gonna end it is that you cannot control what gets passed on, but you are responsible for what you activate This king they couldn't control what his dad did, but he could have controlled what he did with that My friends the friends you choose will determine the genes and the habits that you couldn't choose See we all get passed on with genes.  This king how did he activated that prophecy when he switched from fathers to friends When he chose a wrong crowd to connect himself when next thing that happened is that curse that bad Vibe that bad power became activated in his life something so simple as Surrounding yourself with the wrong crowd could have such a profound effect on your future People don't record recognize that today and many people don't surround themselves with good crowds for only one reason Because to be in a good crowd is not free. There's a price It's a price not up front. It's the price where you walk in and you recognize You're gonna have to change few things not because they're saying you can't be with us unless you change It's that when you're coming to recognizing certain things need to change if you hang out like I started to see when I Hang out with people who constantly work on their fitness There's a price. It's this unknowing price where almost makes you feel bad for not going to the gym And none of them tell me say hey, you know your weight or Vlad come on You need to work out, but it's just that like pressure that exists within that group that you need to work out You meet with people who are outside of the who are out of debt who are working hard And let's say you're a person who never works.  There's the price you have to pay.  I Saw this happen with the one young man who received Deliverance from drugs in our ministry who came and got saved he got such on fire for God his death He passed away just recently for very unfortunate accident that happened in jail and it's all over the news now There's still lawsuits there being filed and I knew this man more intimately and more closely and our ministry knew him a lot Way way way before when he just got saved out of high school here And he got saved he got so on fire for God. It was about six to eight months He was free from drugs free for smoking doing great things Evangelizing every Friday night. He was like a firecracker. He was such a fire for God It made me feel insecure Like he would like always make even attack me. It's like what why are you not evangelizing? How many people did you bring last month? I was a two. He's like, well, I brought 20 I was okay. And so he was like very on fire for God until one day. He says I want to visit my family in Seattle Now a little background his father Unfortunately done a lot of bad things and his mom he comes from a really broken family His grandpa took care of him and poured a lot of Finances and life into him and he says I'm gonna go visit my mom Now we all knew our leaders knew that if he's gonna go visit his mom in Seattle We knew what his mom was doing, which were not good. He says I'm gonna go evangelize to her We said this is now your time to evangelize you're just free from drugs You shouldn't be going to those places stick around because negative company will corrupt whatever God's been doing He says no, no, no, I'm stronger than this and we pleaded with him. We said, please don't go there Stay here wait a little bit longer He said no, you guys don't know I'm already free and God's gonna use me plus I bring more people than you guys I'm like, well, that doesn't make you an expert He goes there and yes, he was doing good for three days and after three days another friend from his mother came He had sex they introduced drugs and he went back into drugs and ever since that day Until his passing which drugs made him go mental He started developing schizophrenia starts develop other diseases and a lot of other children that he couldn't take care of and he could never Recover ever since that fall he tried he would go a few weeks and go free without drugs He would go to different rehabs, but that tripping point and it seemed like such a small decision I'm gonna go to Seattle for the week and hang out with the wrong crowd and that one small Weekend turn into a lifestyle for more than 10 years Until because of that many drugs that did so much damage to his mind.     How many times people have said that?  You will grow cold in Alaska But if you want to grow success in your life cannot be surrounded with people who are not Where you want to be you got to pay the price or being surrounded by those people you got to begin to adjust your life You will not be comfortable for a while some of you are coming for the first times in our church You're like I like this place, but this is strange place. They pray out loud They raise their hands keep coming and in a matter of months you will see your hands going up You will see your mouth opening up and you will begin to pray why because you will be under influence of a good company You will see yourself looking to golds Jim and signing up for membership And you will see yourself coming to morning press why because that's exactly what happens in the world and in here You come under influence of a good company and that is good for you can somebody say amen It may not be a comfort comfortable in the beginning, but it will become normal Eventually because you will stick around for the glory of God and somebody say amen. I want you to rise to your feet right now We are going to come to prayer Okay, can you have every single person stand up and just come to the front


Welcome to 30 Days of Kindness We're going to share a new kindness prompt Everyday! These will be little acts of kindness, we'll be challenging You! To do We might try these too Yeah! We look forward to hearing how you got on Leave a comment or a like Today's Day 8 Be kind to the earth and reduce your waste We hope you liked today's prompt We can't wait to hear how you get on Leave a comment or a like Comments make us smile Good luck and see you tomorrow! Bye!


Captain Clay Higginsen, I'm a T-38 instructor pilot here at BLI Force Base. So Memorial Day is all about honoring those service members who have died for their country. And these ceremonies are also doing that within their public communities. So it's an honor to be able to provide these flyovers and just add something to those ceremonies and also support our community. So the first flyover will be in Dixon, that'll be at 9 a.m. and then Grass Valley will be at 9.30 a.m. The flyover at Gridley will be at 11 a.m. and then at Yuba City will be at 3 p.m. So the T-38s are flown by the 1st Reconnaissance Squadron in order to increase our flying hours and meet our ready aircrew program. For the flyover, I'll be leaving it and then Lieutenant Cal Carver will be flying on the wing. Local residents can view the flyovers by attending the public ceremonies that'll be held for each event. Additionally, the flyover headings will be bringing us over the towns themselves.


Good morning everyone or whatever time of date is wherever you are in the world. My name is Emily Ho and I'm the director of the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University. We are doing things a little bit different today, a little bit different than our usual scientific webinars. The Linus Pauling Institute represents the lasting legacy of Dr. Linus Pauling that was made possible by many, many supporters with a shared passion for health. So we wanted to create a resource for you for your financial health and help you create your legacy. This webinar is happening with the expertise of our friends and colleagues at the OSU Foundation who are experts in this area and will help you explore the benefits of charitable estate planning. And this is in support of any nonprofit organization that that fuels your passion. Joining us today are Audrey Anderson and Stephanie Zeno from the foundation and I will pass the reins on to them. Welcome Audrey and Stephanie. Oh, thank you. I forgot to unmute. Thank you Emily for that lovely introduction. And thank you to all of our attendees who are joining us today to learn a little bit more about how to create your legacy through philanthropic estate planning. Presenting today are myself and my colleague Stephanie Zeno. We are both directors of development in the Office of Gift Planning at the OSU Foundation. And we are two of four staff in this office who work directly with donors and our colleagues at the foundation as well as our campus partners to help our donors make lovely gifts to the organizing or the programs that they're most passionate about. And before we dive in, I want to invite all of you to use the question and answer feature at the bottom of your screen to submit your questions. Stephanie will either respond in the Q&A feature or read them aloud as appropriate and we've set aside some time at the end of today's webinar to have a live Q&A. And this presentation will be recorded or is being recorded and will be available to you. We will clip out the Q&A section at the end of the presentation so feel free to ask your questions freely they will not be broadcasted. In today's agenda we'll cover a portion of estate planning which is focused primarily on how to use philanthropy in smart and creative ways to accomplish multiple goals. We'll first talk about a framework that you can use for thinking about your goals and plans in a holistic way, which can be really helpful if you're starting out for the first time but also if you're updating existing plans. And then we'll talk through some gift options that have unique tax benefits and can be used in strategic ways to benefit you, your loved ones and your favorite organizations. And of course how you can partner with gift planning and use us as a resource in your planning process. We're here today because you have a connection with the Linus Pauling Institute at OSU, and we're all very aware of Dr. Pauling's wonderful legacy in the field of science and activism. But he also has a very specific and important legacy here at Oregon State, both he and his late wife Eva met here at Oregon State when it was formerly known as Oregon Agricultural College, and they were married for almost 60 years. When Eva passed away in the early 80s, OSU established the Pauling Peace Lecture in her honor that still continues today. And then after Linus passed away, the assets that were formerly part of his Institute of Science and Medicine were transferred to Oregon State and are now the LPI that you are familiar with. And then also in 2001 LPI created the Eva Helen Pauling Endowed Chair. So you can see there's a lot of legacy at OSU with the Paulings. So you've heard gift planning mentioned a few times already but let me define it for you. Gift planning is the process of developing a legacy plan that meets your personal financial and philanthropic goals, while reflecting your values and passions. So we in the office of gift planning partner with our donors and advisors to consider gifts that are tax wise, and which are best for the donor, their family and loved ones, as well as the programs are passionate about. We specialize primarily in complex assets to think non cash assets and structured gift plans. So where do you start, it can be useful to go back to those first principles and identify what matters most to you. Many of us don't know when our time will come so it can be difficult to know how to plan for what might be left over in our estate. So a good place to start is to really think through your goals and priorities for your own financial security. Second, consider what you want for your loved ones, family, friends, caretakers and other important people in your life. Third, identify your values, causes, passions and important institutions that you hope will continue well after you're gone. You'll likely find that these areas have a lot of overlap, which can be really helpful inform your careful planning process. We always encourage everyone to seek trusted legal and financial counsel, but we know these visits with attorneys can be somewhat spendy so to make the most of your time to be helpful to think through some of these planning questions in advance. So starting with your financial security. Ask yourself what are your retirement income needs and what's do you have your long term healthcare costs address. Do you have any diversification or concentration issues, especially as you're transitioning from your income earning years to living off of your assets. When looking at your assets do you have any non income generating assets or underperforming assets that need to be addressed. What are your retirement plans. Do you have qualified retirement plans such as IRAs 401ks 403 B's Ross, Social Security income. It's good to look at all of your income sources, and then ask yourself our income tax is a concern or a ste or transfer taxes. Do you have a plan for your personal residents, residents, maybe vacation homes or other land that's in your portfolio. Family business are you considering selling that family business to employees or transferring it to the next generation. And then what do you hope for your loved ones, how much to get your loved ones, when do some of your children, but they benefit more from gifts during your lifetime. Are these equal or equitable, equitable gifts, do you have a child who's a successful entrepreneur and another who's a public school teacher. Do you have your loved ones assets or the use of assets such as creating a trust that provide income to your heirs for their lifetime. Are you do you have any concerns with how your heirs would use your assets. Maybe you want to restrict those assets just for educational purposes for example. And then what assets to give as we'll discuss a little later, there are different tax treatments for various assets, and when and how they transfer. So that's another consideration to think about. And then of course, do you have anyone in your family who may have special care needs and a benefit from perhaps a special needs trust. And then think through what your wealth transferring plans are for future generations and just grandkids and great grandkids. What are your values. What would you like to do with your money that would be the most meaningful to you. What organizations have been important part of your life other organizations doing work that reflects what you care about most. Do you want to create a legacy fund, perhaps an endowed fund that will exist in perpetuity, one that other family and friends can contribute to over time. Or will honor a family member or another porn person. And of course, giving is joyful. So whether you do that now or at the end of your life those plans will bring you joy as you think about the difference you can make. Next of course is thinking through what's included in your estate plan, your assets. You can know what assets you have in your state and to have a complete picture assets can have different tax treatments when given during your life or a death, as well as to your spouse children or charities. They also transfer differently. Some transfer by will or trust and others who beneficiary designation, which of course leads us to putting your plans into place in order to accomplish your goals. You'll need to create an estate plan with the necessary documents to ensure that your assets are transferred efficiently and according to your wishes. If you pass away without a valid will or other appropriate instruments such as a trust, then you'll have considered to be passed in test aid, and your assets will be distributed, not according to your wishes but to your state succession statues. If you want to leave a bequest for distant relatives, friends, caretakers, excuse me caretakers or charities, then you will need to create the appropriate planning document. These are some of the most common forms of planning documents that you'll run into. I won't spend a lot of time here due to time. But again, this is where trusted legal counsel and financial advising is so helpful so you can create a custom estate plan that needs all of your needs. So let's talk about smart philanthropy and the charitable gifts that you can use to achieve multiple goals both now and into the future. There are so many ways to give to LPI and your other favorite organizations. On this slide I've included some of the most common and popular gifts listed on the left here from the most immediate impact to future impact. And this impact refers to both the impact your gift will have on your benefiting organizations such as LPI, but also the impact that gift will have on you as a donor, the benefits you'll receive and some of the tax incentives associated with those giving vehicles. I'm going to discuss these at sort of a high level and then Stephanie will delve deeper into how these gifts can be used strategically and with a few examples. So let's start here on the left with outright gifts. So perhaps you'd like to support some cutting end research or be a part of a program that's getting off the ground right now. And perhaps you have had a really high income earning year and so you would benefit from a charitable tax deduction, you might be thinking about an outright gift. But before you look to your checking account. Maybe wise to consider other assets that you might own that you give instead, primarily appreciated property such as stock. So there are two benefits to giving appreciated property. The first is that your gift would qualify for a charitable income tax deduction for the full fair market value of that property. Second, the capital gains tax that would be otherwise do on that gift if you sold it outright this associated with the appreciation of that property since the day that you purchased it. That capital gains tax is actually forgiven. So for example, if you bought $10,000 worth of stock 15 years ago, and it's now valued at $100,000, you could give those shares directly to the OSU foundation. So if you wanted to qualify, excuse me, a charitable deduction for $100,000, your gift would have an impact of $100,000, and you wouldn't have to pay capital gains tax on that $90,000 of appreciation. Another type of appreciated property of course that might be on all of our minds right now is real estate. Now all organizations are set up to accept outright gifts of real estate, but the OSU foundation has had a lot of experience accepting gifts of real estate. And there's also other ways you can give real estate so it's worth considering. It does take a little bit of thoughtful planning, as it can be more complex and we want to make sure that it's the right gift for you as well as the foundation. As I mentioned, there's a lot of appreciation in real estate right now, so it's certainly something to consider. And for those of you who are age 70 and half or better, there's also an opportunity to make a direct gift from your IRA, this is called a qualified charitable distribution. And while these qualified charitable distributions don't qualify for a charitable deduction, those transfers are excluded from your taxable income. So that can be a great way to get the most bang from your charitable dollar if you say for example don't itemize your taxes or you've maxed out on your tax deductions for a given year. Next we have life income gifts. So if you're concerned about needing your assets during your lifetime, and perhaps you could benefit from some additional cash flow, a life income gift might be a great win-win solution for you. This is a gift plan where a donor makes a gift of cash stock or even real estate to create an annuity or trust, and in return you receive an income stream for life or term of years. This income stream can be for you or a loved one, and in some cases these income payments actually have preferential tax treatment. The individual of whatever is left over in the annuity of the trust at the end of your life where the term of years becomes a wonderful gift for LPI. And that gift would be used according to your wishes, usually outlined in a statement of intent or some other document created during your life. And charitable remainder trusts are especially popular right now because they can be funded with gifts of real estate. So those gifts of real estate can be transferred tax-free to trust and sell those that real estate tax-free, and the proceeds invested into a trust and mixed portfolio, which can then make payments to income beneficiaries such as yourself or loved ones. And Stephanie will go into a couple of examples later on the presentation. For example, perhaps you live in your home and you have plans to live in there for as long as possible.  And you might benefit from an income deduction. With a retained life estate, you can donate your house during your lifetime to the Orden State Foundation, but retain the right to live in it for the rest of your life or until you're ready to move. You would continue to manage the house like you do normally, and you'd receive an immediate income tax deduction for the value that's associated with the charitable portion of the gift. And then once you move or pass away, then the house is available to the foundation to be used either perhaps sell it and use the proceeds for a purpose that you've determined in advance or perhaps retain the property to be used for some purpose such as faculty housing. And then last but certainly not least are requests, which I'm sure are a way you think of when you consider legacy giving and for good reason, these are gifts that cost you nothing now. And so if you have concerns about outliving your assets or you want to have access and control over your assets during your lifetime, should you need them, then bequest are a wonderful way to give make gifts after you no longer need your resources. And of course there's lots of flexibility you can change your will or trust or beneficiary designation forms at any point. So these gifts transfer through will trust or beneficiary designation form and they will transfer to the foundation tax free and are also excluded from your taxable estate. So, all of these gifts, typically, even though the impact might be well in the future, careful and thoughtful planning now will ensure that they are used exactly as you wish. And legacy gifts are often the most personal and most general generous gifts many donors make to any organization, and they are truly vital to the future success of LPI, Oregon State and the nonprofits that you care about. So I'll pause here before I turn this over to my colleague Stephanie to see if there's any questions that I can answer. Audrey we don't have any in the Q&A feature yet. Okay, terrific, we'll save them to the end then. Stephanie, I'm going to go ahead and stop sharing and let you take it from here. Thanks everyone. Great. Thank you so much for joining us today. As I've said, or as Audrey has said I'm Stephanie Zeno I'm sort of the, the other half of the director developments of gift planning. We have other members of our office and a more senior level but Audrey and I are the two that are actually based out of the Portland office. We are frequently down in Corvallis but we also have been get to enjoy the bigger city so I'm going to do a deeper dive into some of the gift options that Audrey presented. So let's start with life income gifts. Life income gifts actually function in a circular motion. Right, so they work in that a donor gives the asset to a trust or a charitable gift annuity. That trust or gift annuity will pay the donor an income, sorry an income stream, and there are some benefits associated with this so when you give an asset to a charitable gift annuity or a charitable remainder trust. The donor receives an income tax deduction, and it's a partial income tax deduction. And I think that's really important for people to remember, because you're going to actually get income payments from this gift. So the income tax deduction is for what we estimate the remaining value of the charitable gift annuity or the charitable remainder trust will be when the trust rooms ends or the gift annuity terminates and I'll get into that in a little bit. And there are some other benefits as well. If you give appreciated assets. This is a great way to reduce your tax on capital gain, some of these income payments portions will actually be capital gain taxes but that's actually okay, because income capital gains or tax at a preferential rate as opposed to ordinary income so you can actually have an income payment that has different levels of taxation. And this could actually be better than just getting you know a paycheck that's fully ordinary income. And the third thing that I want to highlight is that you can have fixed or variable payments and this actually is a function of the type of gift that you choose. The charitable gift annuity is actually a contract that is established between yourself and the organization. The payout rate that you receive, or whoever you should choose is based on your age, so the income beneficiary this age it's often the donor so let's just assume that. So, that becomes a specific rate, we use rates that are set by the American Council of gift annuities which is essentially what 99% of the nonprofits in the country use. And that rate determines you know, it could be 5.6% of the original gift annuity amount. And so you will know what the exact dollar amount you will receive. Quarterly for the rest of your life because charitable gift annuities continue until a person passes away. But I mean there is no in date before that they are for a lifetime. So that's a great fixed payment option. A charitable remainder trust, however, is a little bit more flexible. And to be quite honest there are some of my favorite gifts to work on because they're just. in so many fantastic ways. But charitable remainder trust function, generally, especially with unit trust, which is the most common amount by a percentage based on the trust principle as valued annually. So, what that means is the trust contract will say oh say 5%. So, because of the trust principle on January one, that's the income payment that will be received by the the income beneficiaries for that year. So because that 5% is of the principle on January one of each year, that payment rate, or that payment amount actually will rise and fall with inflation. You know, if the trust is doing really well and you know the stock market's really surging you could have a very high payment year that's great. That also means that the trust value could fall because it is going to be invested in a very portfolio. We actually request donors on that to help them choose the best option. So, that's an option if you choose to have something that's a little more of a hedge against inflation. So, why would you consider a life income gift. Well, there's a lot of reason actually. Often people use them as part of their retirement planning process you know they'll look at their assets and they may say oh I've got a pension or get social security and I have other retirement accounts and I've got a hole. And I want to, I want to either create a steady fixed stream of income that is sort of a safety net for me, or, you know I've got a lot of assets that are already in that steady fixed stream of income and I want something that could rise and fall with the market. So this is a way that you can sort of fill in the gaps. And it helps you create a gift that you know you can actually get an income tax deduction, create it now you know maybe you're in your, your early 60s late 50s still working. You're still in your high peak earning years, and you could use an income tax deduction now. So, you know you have the option of creating this gift and then it essentially sits on a shelf until you reach a certain age often people do it for 65 when they reach their retirement age, and then the payments kick in so now you're getting you're getting an immediate tax deduction when you really need it, but then you're getting this payments in the years when you're not having that income stream from from your, your employment so to speak. It can also be used for business accession planning we have seen people put in shares of LLCs and things of that nature as a way to sort of divest themselves from their personally owned business and pass it down to the next generation or pass it down to employees. You can use it to create a steady income stream for loved ones. You can do this with people who want to support your children through that way you know I'm, I'm going to set up a trust, and I'm going to have the beneficiaries be my daughter and my son and they will, you know, get this for their lifetime or if they're younger you know they could get it for a term of up to 20 years with the trust diversification of income is an important consideration. So if you're like so many of those who've been at the workforce and part of your bonus structure is based on stock in your company. You know you could be approaching retirement and you realize all of your assets are tied up in one kind of stock and that's a little bit dangerous. So you have some of that stock of your of this company, create a charitable major trust or a charitable gift annuity that gets invested in other types of assets. And so you have a diverse stream of income a little bit more of a safety net for you. So, you know I think the key here is, these can offer great financial security plus philanthropic impact right. So you have the ability to diversify your assets, get an income tax deduction, do all of these sorts of things, but you're also doing an amazing thing by making a gift and creating a legacy, be it for LPI or any of the other charitable organizations that you really care about. And I should caveat this at this time and say that not every organization offers life income gifts, and some only offer charitable gift annuities because those are a little bit easier for smaller nonprofits to handle. OSU has a lot of experience with these but you know if you want to support your local church or other organizations like that as well. Please talk to them about what they offer and you may also want to partner with your local community foundation they may offer these types of gifts for you as well. And finally, there's some preferred tax treatment for assets transferred and payments so we talked about this a little bit. So, you know when you generally when you get a paycheck, it's all ordinary income tax at that high rate. So if you create a charitable gift annuity or a charitable remainder trust, the income payment that you receive is could be partial return of principal so that's tax free. It could be partial capital gains. So that's taxed at a lower rate, plus ordinary income so being, it's entirely possible and frequently happens that the entire income payment is not taxed at the ordinary income rate. There are portions of it that are taxed at a lower rate so just so in general you have a lower, lower taxes for that income payment to you. So I want to go into an example of how this works. So this is John and Barbara. John and Barbara they retired and they're revising their plans. They have decided that they would like some additional retirement income for yearly travel plans so you know they're doing really good. They've saved their money up really well but they're just thinking you know down the road I think it'd be good to have a sort of a separate piece that's kind of flagged for our, since they're going to be our travel fund. So the kids are financially secure and they're going to get the bulk of the estate and they want to support LPI campaign efforts and they would really like to establish an endowed research fund at LPI. Next, they come to a gift planner they come to say Andrew Norwood with the LPI and are myself and Audrey and they say well we're thinking about this what can we do. The first question we're going to ask is what are your assets. So, start thinking about that so they have their primary home, they've got some cash in an emergency fund. They've got retirement accounts IRA they got a Roth IRA they've got such as security income and a brokerage account. Oh, and they mentioned we bought do stock in April 2019 during an IPO for $36 share and Audrey actually looks this number up and this is actually what it went for for your pandemic. So what do you do. Well, you suggest a charitable remainder unit trust. John and Barbara can donate $200,000 of zoom stock to create a charitable remainder unit trust that $200,000 of zoom stock had a $20,000 cost basis so that's a huge amount of growth right $180,000 worth of growth. If they had sold that stock and given the asset to or just to stock outright sorry not the stock they proceeds to the Linus Polling Institute they would have had to pay taxes on the $180,000 worth of growth so that's that's a bad idea. By giving the stock directly into a 5% charitable remainder unit trust, they're going to get a charitable income tax deduction, it's going to be a partial income tax deduction, but it's still a very nice benefit to them. In addition, they're going to avoid and defer capital gains tax so they're not going to pay any capital gains tax when it gets transferred into the charitable remainder unit trust. The deferral part comes that some of their income payments will be taxed at a capital gains rate which is lower than the ordinary income rates and that's a great thing. They decided to choose a charitable remainder unit trust, because they wanted that inflationary hedge these variable payments will benefit from market growth. The number 5% of the principal is valued on January 1 that's how charitable remainder unit trust work, and they've decided to receive payments for the rest of their lives. So, if you look on the bottom here where we've got some lovely images of dollar signs, you can actually see what that's going to look like so almost $70,000 of an income tax deduction. So they get to use that on their taxes for this year any, any income tax deduction that cannot be used because of the limits through the tax law that can be carried forward up to five years so that's a nice little benefit they can use this in the years going forward. $190,000 actually $180,000 of gains that may not be taxed, and their first year payment is $10,000 that's a pretty good travel fund for every year. So they're excited they're going to start planning. And most importantly they realize that they can designate the remainder value of the trust for whatever they choose so they work with the Linus Pauling Institute, and they create the Barbara and John Research Fund. That's going to be a great legacy in their name. And while they work with LPI to sort of create the structure of this, you know what the requirements will be of this fund. The, the fund will not begin until the trust ends which in this case happens at their end of their lifetime so once they pass away LPI receives the remaining value of the trust and will use it to create the Barbara and John Research Fund. So here's here a little bit and talk about planning with retirement plans.  It's either that or their home and certainly how it works now. So, if you're thinking about your retirement plans and I should mention that we're mostly talking about tax deferred retirement plans such as IRAs 403b things of that nature. When you're looking at this, you know, accounts that you started with Schwab or fidelity and gosh it's so big and I, you know, I'd really like to do something with it during my lifetime. Well, there's a couple of rules that we have to think about. So, once you hit age 59 and a half, you can choose to pull funds from, excuse me, these retirement accounts without a 10% penalty before that you're going to have that penalty so it's best to leave these funds alone unless absolutely necessary that you withdraw them. At age 72, this is with regards to IRAs, we start requiring minimum distribution.  Now you have to start pulling it out. And when you pull this funds out, there's a certain amount every year you have to take out, and you're going to have to pay taxes on that. So often that's a problem for people because they don't really need the income, they would rather just continue to grow in their account, and they really don't want to pay taxes on it. So what's the solution to that? Well, there's something called the qualified charitable distribution. It's called the QCD. You may have also heard it referred to as the IRA charitable roll over. It's 70 and a half. So even lower than the age where requirement of distributions must kick in, you can take out that money from your IRA, often that minimum distribution amount, and have it sent directly to a qualified nonprofit. So how does this work? It's sort of like monopoly. You know, we do not pass go. You will not get an income tax deduction for that payment that is sent directly to a charity, but you also don't have to pay taxes on it. So it essentially bypasses your state, your net birth, and it goes directly to a charitable organization. This is a great way to support current needs, as Audrey mentioned. So there's been a couple of legislative updates that I want to touch on that's really important and specifically affected retirement planning. So in the Secure Act that came under 2019, they raised the age for requirement of distributions from 70 and a half to 72. So originally the qualified charitable distribution age and the we call the RMD age were actually the same. That has been changed, but you can still make qualified charitable distributions at 70 and a half. So qualified charitable distributions are still permanent. In 2020, you may have noticed that you didn't have to take a required minimum distribution that was paused by the CARES Act, but that was only for 2020. So this year you must still take your required minimum distribution. So that's how they function during life and how you can possibly use for time it plans to make a current gift through the qualified charitable distribution.  So retirement plans are not actually transferred through the probate process. They're transferred for through a beneficiary designation form. This is an incredibly simple form. Often you fill it out online with fidelity or Schwab. Some states will require a spousal approval if you choose to designate a non spouse primary beneficiary. But that's an easy thing to do this spousal signs the form it gets sent off. So these forms are great because you can change your beneficiaries very quickly without needing to involve an attorney. It's an easy process. So why would you consider giving a making a charitable gift for a beneficiary designation of your retirement account. Well, that's because they're not exactly tax friendly. When you pass away. So tax deferred plans which are known as qualified plans are subject to state and federal income taxes and possibly a state tax when the assets of withdrawn. So if you leave your retirement account, say your IRA from Schwab to your children, when two things are going to happen and we call it double taxation. So your state is going to have to pay taxes on this on this asset. Especially if you live in a state that has state of tax state estate tax like Oregon does. And they could your state will also have to pay income tax on these plans because they continue to earn income even after you pass away it's called income in respect to the decedent IRD. In addition, those airs your kids and this example when they pull out. They come from this IRA, they're going to have to pay income taxes on it as well. And that can even bump them into a higher charitable or higher income tax bracket which is a terrible thing to happen. So all of a sudden this account that you know you thought you were giving this fantastic asset to your kids. It can be eroded by upwards of 40% and sometimes even higher. And if you decide to leave these retirement accounts to a charitable organization, these requests are tax free, and you know if your IRA is valued at $100,000. The organization, be it us, be it the Nature Conservancy, whoever you choose, they will get the full $100,000 worth of value. They don't pay taxes, so the whole value of the IRA is preserved for the use of the charitable organization. So, this is particularly important when the Secure Act came in in 2019. This created something called the 10 year spend down role. We also called it the elimination of the stretch IRA. So before this, many people had used these IRA accounts, these tax deferred accounts as a sort of trust account for their children. The idea being that they would leave these accounts to their kids, and the kids would then be able to pull distributions out of these IRAs over their lifetime, and essentially it could function as a trust account. The Secure Act totally got rid of that. Now this has to be these accounts have to be spent down within 10 years and that's a pretty significant tax fight, and you're really really eroding the value of the account. So, what we suggest is you make charitable requests from these assets first, and then you could use these assets to consider creating a charitable trust, which would spread payments out for an loved one over their lifetime so you could actually direct an IRA or that nature into a charitable remainder trust for the benefit of your children so we we sound a great little work around. If you have any further questions on that please contact me I'm happy to walk you through that in a little bit more detail. So I talked about this a bit but I want to go into an example, because it's, it's something that we're seeing a lot of and it's really making people have to reevaluate their state plans, especially since this just came out in a very close to start of the pandemic. So, in this example, Benny and Beatrice Beaver they want to support OSU and their family through their state. They initially leave of the quest to OSU in the Rev. Living Trust. For example, they decide to leave 8% of their Rev. Living Trust to OSU, and they decide to name their children as the beneficiary of their retirement accounts. However, there's a problem. The IRS is going to impose income taxes on the remaining balance of the account. If you designate it to a beneficiary other than your spouse, there are a few exceptions for their, they're pretty rare. So for the vast majority of people, there's going to be some income taxes involved here, they can a row the account balance of up to 40%. So this tax is in addition to the estate tax so it could be imposed for states fully subject to the estate tax and this is we're talking about the federal level of state tax which is extremely high right now. The result can be that up to 60% of the value of retirement plan will be consumed in taxes before your child relative or friend receives it. So that asset that you thought were you were giving them this absolutely fantastic account that will get them through the entire life. All of a sudden it's lost 40 to 60% in value. And that's that's an unfortunate consequence that a lot of people don't consider. So here's what this looks like. So $500,000 IRA accounts to their daughter Belinda the amount she could receive after taxes is only $300,000 and we got that by 40% of 500,000 is 200,000 so that's the amount they're going to pay in taxes. 500,000 minus 200,000 is $300,000 so Belinda, all of a sudden has a lot less money than she was expecting. So given the large impact of these income taxes, then he switches it up. They leave their daughter $500,000 and appreciated stock. Once they pass away, she received a step up in basis. This is a great little trick of the tax code, which means that her basis went from. It's going to be actually that $500,000 is not the price that they originally paid for when they bought the stock they're just going to get that she's going to get that $500,000 and basis which is great for her. Instead, they designate OSU as the beneficiary of their IRA account. So 100% of their IRA balance passes to OSU tax free. So essentially, this is a win-win for them. They're still giving the exact same amount of funds to their daughter, and they're making a really great gift to OSU. So if I can leave you with any advice, particularly with regards to retirement accounts, it's that planning ahead is the best defense.  The best thing you can do is sit down with a trusted advisor, sit down with our office, think about these things in details, educate yourself, and make sure that the plan you have structured is going to really work for you and your family. And how you can work with us? Why would you let us know that we're in your plans or why would you consider involving us in an early stage? First of all, we want to thank you for your wonderful gift, even the fact that you're considering it. We want to ensure that there's clarity and understanding of your plans. The worst thing that could happen, and this does happen with summary regularity, is that someone passes away. They write up this lovely gift that's coming to OSU, and we have no idea what to do with it, because there's been no conversations, there's no information in the actual will or trust. So if you wanted to support the Linus Polling Institute, and that's not explicitly written down, we have no idea that that's, that was your goal, and that's, that's such a shame. We want to ensure that your gift stands to test of time. So something that can be used for many, many years going forward. We want to work with us to create a gift plan that meets your goals, both charitable and personal. So, you know, taking care of your children, ensuring that your assets are divided as you wish. Consider us part of a team that can go with you. Part of the team just as part of your financial advisor and your attorney. And we also want to understand your, the appropriate recognition and confidentiality that you choose. Be completely anonymous.  Those are important things to consider. So what we offer is free non-obligation consulting. We're happy to chat with you and your attorneys. We partner frequently with advisors and our campus colleagues. We have both current and deferred gift options. We also have the ability to accept real estate and other complex assets. We have all the life income gifts, as well as probate administration.  We want you to make the best choice for you. So materials and presentations, we have lots of those things. I want to mention that our website is a wonderful, wonderful resource. And that's going to be put up here in just a second. So we do things like a wheel planner, gift calculators, all of this assets are available on our website and we have lots of brochures that we are happy to send you as you start to think through this process. So thank you very much. Do you have, does anyone have any questions? Stephanie, we did have one question. Someone in the audience is hoping that we would discuss donor advice funds. Sure. So, donor advice funds, I can touch briefly on this. That's not something the OSU Foundation offers, but they're very popular right now, particularly through community foundations. That's where you most often see them. Donor advice funds function and that you give an asset, you know, a check stock, things of that nature to a charitable organization that creates a fund for you that you essentially get to use as a charitable spending account. You get to choose often the beneficiaries of these, these distributions, shall we say, from the donor advice fund. And there's a trick of the law and that technically you can only advise the holding organization as to which other charitable entities you would like to support. So people often set these up for smaller organizations. So, you know, perhaps they really want to support their church and the local blue scout council and the local state park. So a great way to do this could be through a community foundation. You set up the account through one organization, say the Oregon Community Foundation, just given that it's the biggest one in the state. And then you can direct the payments from this fund to the organizations that you care about. Now you only get one income tax deduction, you get it for the original gift of the asset to create the donor advice fund. But they're a great option and people use them frequently to do things like support small capital projects. And I'll just jump in one, there are some limitations to donor advice funds. I'm thinking of in particular, they cannot receive some types of gifts so the IRA qualified charitable distribution, for example, those cannot be made to sponsoring organizations, which a community foundation would be one or fidelity. Those gifts are reserved for public charities such as the OSU foundation. Yes, absolutely. And one other thing to mention with donor advice funds is that oftentimes those funds will still have a balance at the end of the original donors death and so you can name another organization as a beneficiary of those funds now with community foundations, they might have a requirement that the remainder go to them or a portion of the remainder go to support the community foundation. But for other like fidelity charitable, you shouldn't make a plan to distribute those residual funds in some way. Absolutely. And it's also worth mentioning that donor advisor funds could have double fees. So, you know, there could be a few when you actually set up the donor advice fund with the sponsoring organization. And there could be an additional fee when you choose to make every distribution from the fund. So if you're considering creating a, what we call a DAF a donor advice fund with an organization, make sure you read the fine print, so that you're getting the most bang for your buck. I'm going to stop sharing right here. Thank you, Stephanie and Audrey for tons of information that are just great great resources that we have in you has our experts at the OSU foundation. I'm not seeing any other questions. But again, in the chat, there are the contact information for both Audrey and Stephanie. If you have additional questions, the presentation recordings will also be sent to all of you as well if you want to revisit or review any of this information at a later time but let me thank Stephanie and Audrey for joining us today and thank all of you for for being here. We look forward to talking with you more in the future.


Sup guys, Isaac here. Filming a video real quick from the car, because I'm in a rush. And it's been a while since I've done book recommendations, so let's give you guys a book recommendation. And this one's a good one. It's not really a book recommendation. It's freaking an author recommendation. I recommend you guys read the work of Eckhart Tolle. Or Eckhart Tolle, or however you say it. Let's see. The power of now. I've got that. Stillness Speaks. And New Earth. The only one I'm missing here is I'm practicing the power now. But basically, the reason I'm advising you guys to read it is because Eckhart Tolle is a spiritual teacher. And he's one that's gained a lot of popularity in the West. Now basically the things he talks about aren't really new ideas. They're just borrowed from Buddhism and the Tao and whatnot. They're ideas that have been around for thousands of years in the East. The problem is, it's never been written in a way that's digestible for people in the West. So what Eckhart Tolle did was take that knowledge from the East and write it in a way that people could understand. So his books are very understandable. They're very relatable. And it goes straight to the point. So the benefits of reading his books is that you're going to really have a good perception or good understanding of ego, of what ego is. And how destructive the ego is. And how to calm the ego.  It's actually almost like a disease, especially when you can't control it. What people like to call the monkey mind. That's always thinking negatively, thinking of the worst case scenario. And a great, you know what? 100% of your life quality is determined by the quality of your thoughts, the quality of your perception of events. So if you can stop the ongoing negative thoughts, if you can stop the ego manipulation, the quality of your life is going to increase dramatically. That's why I recommend Eckhart Tolle. His books, some aspects of it, of course, I wish he was she. But when you read books, you don't have to take everything literally, or you don't have to take every single thing out of the book. You can take what works for you and disregard the rest, like what Bruce Lee says. So when you're reading his books, read it with a grain of salt. Try, understand, see what his way is coming from. Don't try and scrutinize his mambo jumbo whoosh you thinking, right? Because some aspects of the book had me thinking like, really, really nigger. But some aspects actually were very beneficial. So that's how you read Eckhart Tolle's books, right? Read it, gain the understanding of the ego. And yeah, I suggest you start with the power of now. This is the first one I read. Actually listen to the audio. And it really, really changed my perception on a lot of things. It really got me down this path of meditation, this more spiritual path. And trust me, this book has so many benefits. One of my most popular videos on how to deal with things that I'll you control. The technique I gave was actually borrowed from the power of now. So power of now is formats, kind of like a question answer where people ask them questions and he's given the answer. And New Earth is more of a standard book. It's just more of a, you know, it has more of a structure. So if you want, you can also read this too. But I suggest you start with the power of now. And New Earth talks more about the pain body. And if you read his books, you know what that is. Stillness speak is distilled, straight to the point, little tidbits of information. So if you don't have much time, pick this one up. But anyway, check out Eckhart Tolle. I highly recommend his work. Anyway guys, peace. As soon as the videos are up, peace.


This is a joint work with the Svikal Brokersky for my VITEMIN Institute. So there is a very long title, so I'll break it down. So we begin with the fully homomorphic encryption. So I see that I have a cell phone and I have some data stored in it, and let's call the data X, and I want to compute a function of my data. And the function is very complicated, and my cell phone doesn't have much computational power, so instead of computing it on my cell phone, I prefer to do the computation on the server. So in the very naive approach, what do I do? So I send my data to the server, and I let the server do the hard job, and it computes half, and it simply sends back the result. So this is all very nice and naive, but what if the server is malicious and I want to keep my data private? So I generate a public key and a secret key, and I want it to be of a special encryption scheme such that when I send the server an encryption of my data, it can run some evaluation algorithm, and when I decrypt the value of the ciphertext, I get f of X. So even though I've sent in encrypted data, I can still recover f of X without doing too many work, and we call this property full homomorphism if it holds for every circuit F. And also we want semantic security, so I want that encryption of zero would look like encryption of one, and throughout this talk, I will assume that we encrypt bit-by-bit. So this is the full homomorphic setting, and what if we have two parties, each having its own public key and secret key, and each having its own data X and Y? And I want to compute a function, both of f, a function f of X and Y. So what do we do in the multi-key settings? So each party computes an encryption, and now the server runs the evaluation algorithm on both ciphertexts, and we want to have the property that when two parties meet together and run the encryption algorithm on the evaluated ciphertext, we get f of X and Y. So this is the multi-key settings. And sometimes we want to relax the settings, and we assume that the two parties share public parameters. And what do I mean by that? I mean that when generating the public and secret keys, they're not completely independent, they also depend on the public parameters. We also want to get a stronger notion of a multi-key FHE, which we call multi-hop. Well, multi-hop could have many interpretations. So what do I mean by multi-hop? That assume that the two parties made some computation with the server, and got this chat1, cwat2, and et cetera. And all of a sudden, there comes a new party, says, hold on a minute. I want to join the computation, and it's after the fact. The other party has already made some computations. And we want the new party to be able to send its own encryption, and the server could still run an algorithm such that when it's decrypted, it would decrypt to the right value, and know that chat are already evaluated ciphertext. So this is multi-hop in the sense that we evaluate the ciphertext with a new party. And ideally, we want a fully dynamic encryption, and I mean by that, that polynomially, about the number of parties could join the computation. So if you had all these parties doing the computation, you can have always someone new to join. So let's cover some previous works that has been done. So the first work is by Lopez, which first introduced multi-key FHE, and they also gave the first scheme. So the scheme was multi-hop, but the number of parties that could use such a scheme has to be previously known. Also the scheme had no public parameters, which is very good. And the space complexity of evaluation, we could just think about it now as the length of the ciphertext grew like this, and where epsilon could be very small. It depends on the security parameter, and it is at least quadratic. And the cryptographic assumption is n-tru, which we just talked about. There was another work by Clearing McGaldrick, and then which was simplified and rephrased by Wooker E. Gene Weeks. And their scheme wasn't multi-hop, but it was the first work that supported an unbounded number of players. Also the scheme had public parameters, and the space complexity, the length of the ciphertext was still quadratic in the number of players. But the cryptographic assumption was learning with their errors. So our work continues their line of work, and we get multi-hop, and we also keep the unbounded number of players, so this is the first fully dynamic encryption scheme. But we also have public parameters. And the space complexity is efficient. It's linear in the number of players. And the assumption is also l-l-v-d. There are two concurrent works. The first one also continued the line of work from Corrigan Weeks, and it was multi-hop, but the amount of players is bounded. The scheme also had public parameters, and the length of the ciphertext was quadratic, and the assumption is length errors. The other concurrent work is a bit different. It is multi-hop. It can support an unbounded number of players, or it is fully dynamic, and it has no public parameters. And here the space complexity of variation is quadratic, and it has short ciphertext, but the cryptographic assumption is a PIO, which is not a standard assumption. And saying that, the cryptographic assumption for all previous works besides this one needs to assume circular security, which I'll talk about later, which is not standard assumption, but we also need that for just FHE, not fully dynamic encryption. So our starting point is the fully unbounded encryption by gentry behind motors, and in these settings, we have a matrix, which is short and wide, which would play the world's ciphertext, and the secret key would be a vector, and you'd have a special form that the last element is normalized. And we want to have the following property that when I multiply the secret key by the ciphertext, I get something that looks approximately like the message, times the secret key, times a special matrix G called the gadget matrix. And for this of you who don't know what a gadget matrix is, just keep in mind that it is a diagonal matrix, having all the powers of two up to in mode Q. But just keep in mind that it is diagonal matrix, and what do I mean by this approximately? Well, I mean that the difference between what we actually have, which is the secret key, times the ciphertext, and what we would like to have, which is the message, times the secret key, times the gadget matrix, the difference is very small. And why is this property good for us? Well, first of all, let us do the encryption. So we said we only equipped bits. So if we encrypt the bit zero, so the multiplication would look like zero, which has only very small elements. But if we encrypted one, well, it will have this form. What's special about this form? We call that G is this matrix. And the last element of the secret key is normalized. So whereas when we encrypt zero, the last element would be very small. When we encrypt one, the last element would be very large because we multiply one by the highest power of two. So as long as this difference is smaller, the Q over 8, we can decrypt. And actually for decryption, because we only looked at the last column, we don't need the whole matrix to decryption. We can only take the last column of the cipher text. But we do need the whole matrix for some reason, because it allows to do homomorphic operations. I won't talk about why does this work, but just to mention it. So we do this arithmetic operation where G is not a square matrix, so the inverse is not well-defined. But it turns out that it's actually a pretty efficient algorithm. It's just to decompose the elements into bits. So if I do that, I get the NAND of the encryptions. And this works only to a certain point of operation, because after I do this many times, the noise is too big, and we can't decrypt. So how do you get around that? Because we want full homomorphism. We want to be able to decrypt any homomorphic operation of any circuit. So assuming I have this circuit G, and up to this point, I can do these NAND operations. So what do I do in the last point that I can do? So evaluate a slightly larger circuit. And this part would be this circuit, which has the two ciphertexts, CB1 and CB2, hard-coded into it. So what do I do? I take the input X and use it to decrypt the first ciphertext and the second one, and take their NAND. And what is good about this circuit? Because if I plug in the secret key, I get exactly the NAND of B1 and B2, which is one I want to get. So if I evaluate it homomorphically, I go for encryption of the B1 and the B2 to encryption of their NANDs. So we can keep doing NAND. And it's also because we ran decryption, so the noise is being canceled. So we can keep doing this operation and get fully homomorphism. But this requires an additional something, because I assume we have an encryption of the secret key, which is generally not secure, so we need an additional assumption called circular security. It's not a standard assumption, but as I said earlier, this is the only way we can get FHE besides IO. So how do we go from this into the multi-key settings? So the main idea is we have an encryption of some bit under a single player, and we want to extend it into a larger matrix for more players. So there is an extended algorithm and this matrix C hat has a special form which has only elements on the diagonal and on some row. And it has the property, like I said, that's only a linear number of non-zero blocks. And when I concatenate all the secret keys and I do this multiplication, I get the property that we talked about earlier. So we can still do decryption and evaluate, we can still do decryption and evaluation as before. So these extended algorithms, let us go to multi-key settings. Point is we can do this extended algorithm only once. So it is only single hop. If it could have extended many times, it would be multi-hop, but it doesn't work. So our goal is to make this scheme multi-hop. And we also want to get shorter ciphertext in the scheme before the ciphertext were matrices, so it was n squared. And we also want to get an efficient space for the evaluation. So we'll begin with getting multi-hop. So we have two ciphertexts, C1 encrypted under a red party and C2 encrypted under a blue party. And we want to run some evaluation algorithm that when I decrypt this evaluated ciphertext, I get the nan of the two bits. And if I could do that, I could do multi-key FHE, because without the loss of generality, the circuit is only of NAND gates, and it can go from any party, the red one and the blue one, to the joint party. So how do I do that? So we start with the single key settings. So we say that instead of running the NAND, we run this larger circuit. And when I plug in the encryption of the secret key, I get C hat. And when I decrypt C hat, I get the NAND of B1 and B2. But now we are in the multi-key settings, and to decrypt C1, we need the red party, and decrypt C2, we need the blue party. So what do we do? So instead of plugging in just an encryption of the single public key, we plug in all the encryption of all the secret keys. And this would still work because we have a multi-key evaluation. So the decryption would still be what we want, be the NAND of B1 and B2. And the important thing to note is that we don't reevaluate the public encryption of the secret key. We, if you want to evaluate the circuit again, we just use this again, which aren't the output of the evaluation algorithm. So we actually need only single hop to do this. And since we have single hop for the previous work, running this circuit gives us multi-hop. So the next step is we want to decrease the length of the ciphertext. So we said that if all we wanted to do is decryption, we can only take the last column of the matrix. So what we are going to do is to simply generate the last column of the matrix, which will give us linear length ciphertext. So the public parameters, public key and secret key are as in the single hop scheme. But now we're going to generate only column ciphertext. But how can we do evaluation now? Because we needed a matrix for a reason. So it seems that we kind of lost the point of giving up on all matrix. So let's go over again, what we said we do in the decryption. So we have the encryption of the secret keys and we decrypt the hard-coded encryptions. Sorry, we decrypt the hard-coded ciphertext and get c-hat. So we said that the public key is as before and the public key contains the encryption of the secret key. But this time we have only vector ciphertext. Thing is it still works because for decryption we only need the last column of the matrix. So decryption still works but we get a matrix ciphertext. So how do we get around that? We simply cut it off and to get back the vector ciphertext which is linear length, it's number of parts. But the downside of all this whole procedure is that we get the space complexity to be squared and we want the space complexity to be linear. So how do we get around that? So first make a few observations. We can do some morphic operation even though we have only vector ciphertext. So we can do addition by simply adding the two ciphertext. I won't get into why this works but take it as a fact. And we can also do multiplication. Well it is not clear how to multiply two vectors. So we can do tensor product but it wouldn't work very well. So I assume that we have at least one of the ciphertexts has to be a matrix for multiplication to work. And if this matrix is very sparse, for example if it has a linear number of nonzero elements which we know the structure of the matrix, then we can do multiplication in linear space and addition is also in linear space. And remember that after the extend algorithm, the matrix had a very specific form which was very sparse and then only linear number of nonzero blocks. So if this c1 matrix has been a matrix that has only been extended, we can run the multiplication algorithm in linear space. But if we ran some evaluation on this matrix, it would lose its form, it would lose its sparseness and we couldn't do a space efficient multiplication. So keep that in mind and we use these two observations to reduce the space of the evaluation. So for that only the model of branching programs. So what are branching programs? It is a rather intuitive model of computation. So we have L layers, in this case L would be four, and we have some width which is this case is also four and we start and we evaluate the branching program layer by layer. So we start in this layer and we look at our input which is the indicated variable one and we see if the bit is zero or one, if the bit is zero, we take the red arrow, otherwise we take the blue arrow and this way we advance to the next layer. And this way we go from one layer to another until we get to the last one and if we ended up in this point, we accept and otherwise we reject. So these are branch programs and the main idea is we utilize branching programs. So instead of evaluating this circuit, we're going to transfer it into a branching program and this is due to Barrington and it says this transformation could be done efficiently and we actually can do it on the fly and what do I mean by on the fly? That we can output each layer of the branching program efficiently. So the idea is instead of evaluating this circuit which requires a quadratic space, we'll transfer it to a branching program and we will evaluate the branching program more frequently instead of evaluating the homomorphically in this circuit. So how do we do that? If we take a closer look at branching programs, we see each step in the layers actually go from either the blue arrow or the red one and by looking at the inputs, we can see which one we take. So it actually has a very simple formula. So y prime would be a y one if x is one and it would be y zero if x is zero and we can evaluate this formula efficiently. So x is the input that we have and we assume that x would be a vector encryption. Yeah, sorry. X is the input for the branching program which is an encryption of the secret key and in the encryption of the secret key, it would be very sparse because it's only been extended and y zero and y one are only the vector encryptions. So we can do this multiplication and addition using just linear space and by the correctness of the branching program we would eventually after evaluating all these each step of the layer, we get linear space. So there are a few ideas for future work. First of all, we would like to do it without public parameters which would be very good but it's not clear how to do that and it would be also interesting to get even shorter ciphertext. We're not sure if it's possible to get the ciphertext to be linear and the number of players could be a lower bound but we're not sure about it. And the main direction would be to get a fully dynamic encryption without the need for a circular security. And actually it is not known even for a fully homophic encryption it would be interesting to get simply that. So this is it and thank you very much for listening.