Welcome to our deep dive into preprints and OA or open access. I'm Brian Cook, Stacey. I assume you're not there yet, but when you are, let me know. And Stacey Shaw from Worcestershire Polytechnic Institute. I'm a professor at University of Virginia. My background is special education. But I've become very interested in open science and in particular done some work and used preprints quite a few times and so I have some background in them, but I think we're all kind of learning this and figuring it out. We'll go over open access and then talk about preprints, which is a form of open access and I think one that we really strongly recommend. So open access. The rationale for open access is to make your work open and available to the public. One of the panelists, I forget who maybe I think Pam this morning talked about, you know, in education are what we do is to improve educational practice and the impact of our work depends on getting it not just to other people in the research community, but to other people including educators and administrators and parents and policymakers and very often they simply can't access the work that we've done, even at a major research university like UVA, there's still tons of stuff I can't access. And it's just a shame and the publishing model is such that we do this work, we even review the work with edgy researchers are editors of the journals and and yet the universities have to pay huge amounts of money to provide access to the work that we've done and reviewed and edited in the in the process making publishers millions and millions of dollars and it's not it's behind a paywall it's not available to the public that that it should be available to open access helps promote scientific literacy with with that research out there. And just in terms of ethical dissemination it just makes sense to to make our work broadly accessible and some of the point I just made about researchers don't get paid to publish reviewers don't get paid to review. So, no, we're just making the publishers money here. And it doubles different types of open access. So, gold AERA open. I think it's a couple years old now, but it's a relatively new journal that's an example of a gold journal. Everything in that journal is is open if you publish in the journal, it is open access and it's licensed is open access Gold journals, most not all gold journals, but most gold journals and probably the bigger, more prominent gold journals that you may be aware of, like AERA open. Authors have to pay what they call an APC or an article processing charge. So, in other words, the journal has to cover operating costs. Many of the open journals are not necessarily run through a professional organization but are run by publishers and they still want to make some money off of this. APCs vary. A lot of journals including AERA open have a sliding scale for fees, where it is less for example for a doctoral student or early career researcher. And so some of it depends and it varies by journal. They tend to run 25, 2500 to 3000 US dollars, but but there's a great deal of variability. So it is not cheap to publish in these journals with APCs. Green is self archival and probably the best example of green OA is the preprints. And so this is, it is typically, you can self archive work that you've written. It's usually a PDF of a Word document and it is before it has been reviewed, before you've gotten feedback. It's not the version, the PDF of the journal formatted manuscript, but instead a PDF of that Word document. And you for in most cases, you can post that on a personal website on an institutional repository and on a preprint repository, which we'll talk more about bronze occurs. This is most of our most of the big journals in the field now have gone. Oh, I'm getting hyper and bronze confused for a second. Bronze is where a journal or publisher chooses to make something open and they can do this and they do it all the time when sometimes almost seemingly by fiat, but sometimes it's strategic. And they'll say, Oh, here's a special issue that we really want to push. Let's make the lead article open. And so it becomes open, but with bronze, it's not licensed as OA and so they can stop it from being open access at any point and usually do it some point. And because it's not licensed as away their limitations on what others can do in terms of them sharing it. So bronze is an option we see more and more and it's actually the most common type of open access publishing currently. And hybrid is where it's in a traditional journal where most of the work is closed and behind a paywall, but authors have the option to pay an APC and make their specific article open. Most of the journals that are published by major publishers have hybrid options and down there most scholarship remains closed and it's just behind the paywall. Hey, Brian, I just want to chime in really quickly. I'm so sorry I'm late. I'm glad that this unconference has embraced the chaos because I got totally side with the conversation and lost track of time. Hi everyone, I'm Stacy Brian. Thank you for starting without me. I just want to mention really quickly. I'll monitor chat. So, that advanced says that there is another term out there, the diamond open access and so this is defined as this non commercial academic led open license away and this model is broadly used in the so called global south and in many universities in Europe to. So, do you know about that can you talk about that a little bit. Me, no. I've heard the term a little bit around, but I don't know if anyone else has heard of this term before but I think I've heard of it but it's not as common as these other ones that Brian has been talking about. The person I'm sorry I forget the name that you mentioned the whoever made the comment you want to share a little bit about diamond open access. Sure. Thank you. Yeah, well I think this this term is not, you know, as probably use as the gold open access or green, but it is very common the model is very common so I'm calling, you know, on behalf of the Latin American model because actually I'm from Mexico and in Latin it's very common to use this model which means that these journals they don't charge any APC because the journals are funded by universities and or governments right so there's no, you know, the model is absolutely not known for profit. And it's not just used in in Latin America also in Asia and in Africa to and in in many institutions in in Europe, you know, maybe smaller big universities that run these journals or books, but they don't have the purpose of making profits from these, and then the administration and all the operations of the they run by, by the faculty. Right, so this is kind of, I think it's a model that it's not very well known, but I think we should promote these two because this idea of APCs, or sorry, open access linked to an APC is actually very polemical. And it is, you know, it's it is costing a lot of discussions on what we're going to do now in terms of financing the publications. Yeah, very good and so we'll talk about preprints which would be another option to avoid APCs but this diamond model which is you say it now it does ring a bell to me. It makes a ton of sense in that it is basically the gold publishing option minus the APC or without the APC. And it sounds like taking the, the, the journal or the publishing process out of the hands of the for profit publishers and putting it into nonprofit universities which I think holds just makes a lot of sense. I don't know if it would be called diamond publishing diamond away exactly, but there are a number of gold journals that don't charge an APC and in my little field of special education. These are more small professional organizations that have their that have a journal, but they're really kind of run off the backs of the members and that there's not a lot of cost in them. And they're not being done for a profit so they're almost gold open access by default, because they don't, they don't charge anything they're very low overhead. It's almost just like posting things on a, on a website, which isn't that much different than what most journals are actually, but but they do it, not through a university, but just through a small professional organization. Yeah, and if I can just add something else very quickly, is that the DOEJ the directory of open access journals in their database they have this cost the APCs. So you can, you can see and look for a journal there that charts or not doesn't charge any APC so I think it's very useful to have this information just in one database. So I think it's a good idea to, yeah, and, yeah, and because you know sometimes I just a couple of days ago I saw that plus one this big journal that is super high quality and prestigious charges like one 1000 and 600 or or for medicine your articles is 4000 right so it's I think we should promote also the other known APC I think it is. Yes, agree 100%. I think it's wasn't it nature that just came out with their hybrid option, and you see is I forget the figure but just $9,000. Shockingly. No, it's ridiculous. Oh, yeah. Yeah, no, it's super high. I'm looking at chat asking about this so Brian do you mind actually going to the next slide where we talk about this and I'm happy to just take over the slide so yes, actually go back one. All the way to the doj. Yes, so if you want to find open access journals, go to doj.org so this is the directory of open access journals. This, this might be a little bit of an old screenshot but basically you can type in the name or like just a key term and and find journals and look at what they charge. You can put their bronze at their hybrid and this is a really great way for you to sort of identify journals where you could publish your work that would be open access. Yeah, and as Ivan said like you could also look at the cost of the article processing charge so this is a really good sort of like, first, first step, looking at where you could publish but sometimes this isn't always an option right sometimes you can go for that flagship journal, or sometimes you know maybe there isn't really anything there for you so Brian do you mind going to the next slide please. So a lot of people ask like is there funding for open access author fees those APC charges, and usually the answer is, if you if you do have them, they're either through your, your university or through grants that you have. Not many of these of us have these grants or are part of these universities, especially nowadays with the budgets being very tight. So there are a couple of ways you can sort of work around this to make your work more open access even if you have to publish it in a journal that has a paywall. Brian do you mind going to the next slide. So yes workarounds. So one thing I usually suggest to people is to put your work if you publish it in a journal on research gates so, for example, one time I put up I put up an article there, I published in like educational psychologist, and they were like hey, you get 50 free copies to send to all your friends and I'm like well I don't have 50 friends obviously like this is this is just weird right like I have 50 free copies like what does this mean. So what I did was I put it on research gate. And what people can do is when they search for that piece of work or search for those key terms they could find it on research gate and request request that you give them a copy of it. And so technically you have 50 free articles you can upload it privately and just shoot them off the email basically through research gates it's a really nice way to sort of interact between that. Helen says the problem with research gate is that is only available to those with.edu email address yeah so that is definitely a barrier I think this is where preprints could come in but if this is an option for you you can definitely use research gate to share privately within our community right so it's a really easy way to like request, you can also just email the author people don't know this though so sometimes if you, if people don't know to email you they might be able to still find you on research game and request it. So yeah you can definitely add as full text you might go in the next slide yeah. Another thing you can do, and we're starting to get to the pre print land right is check out the Sherpa Romeo license check so if you just Google Sherpa Romeo. It's just really awesome website where you can type in the journal name into the actual website. And go to the next slide if you don't mind Brian. So you'll do that. And what you'll see is all of their licensing right what you can do with what so I typed in. I think this is educational psychologist again. And it tells me what I can do with the published version of my article the accepted version of my article. I think there's two different paths for that and the submitted versions is the submitted is the manuscript I've written and submitted to write there's no refereeing there's no peer review changes or anything like that. And then what you can do was sort of the other stages of the manuscript, you go one more slide ahead Brian I think I have here. So for this one for the accepted version so I've submitted my article they've given me edits to make I've made those edits. And with that I can just look at this website and know what I can do so I see here immediately there's an 18 month embargo so I'm not supposed to publish or post this on Research Gate, or any of these repositories for at least 18 months. Not all journals are like this some of them are like go for it right so you can just do that immediately but this is sort of where you can check what you can do with what journal. And then they'll say what the conditions are. So basically if you're not really sure where to start with your journal, go ahead and go to Sherpa Romeo, and then just look and see sort of what their policies are. This is also how you can choose what journal you want to submit to right so if you have two that you're like, I don't really know which one. Check out what you can do with your pre prints your post prints the submitted versions of those manuscripts, and maybe one is a lot more open to the idea of open access, putting it on Research Gate that sort of thing, you can go ahead and maybe pick that one instead. Chime in Stacy. Yeah, I know. I think especially for some of the smaller journals they might not be on Sherpa Romeo, and there's sometimes a lag between when Sherpa Romeo, the policies if a journal changes their policies they might not be immediately reflected, especially if a journal is published by one of the bigger publishers, they're doing a better and better job about putting this information on their website so looking at the journal website, and or the publisher website is also another source. And if you just not sure, shoot an email off to the editor and they should be able to answer these questions. And just one question I had Stacy for you. So this embargo here. So this embargo for the publisher formatted of sharing the publisher version format, correct. And so it, and so we'll talk about with pre prints. Typically you can share the author formatted version before changes were made. As a result of peer review. Yes, you can self archive that to green open access publishing. Yeah, so if you go back to one slide they have the different categories and so they, they term them published version which is like the publishers PDF right it's the one that's fancy and format and all that sort of stuff. Then there's the two different versions of the accepted one I'm actually not sure at the top of my head what this is so you'd have to just look at it and read it carefully. And that submitted version is considered the pre print, but I think after these slides Brian you dive right into pre print so maybe anyone has any questions. Helen says the administrators of Sherpa Romeo are quick to edit if you contact them. Okay cool so if you find a discrepancy you can definitely let them know funding providers. So the author formatted version after the Polish version has been released or does it have to go up in advance, you can publish a pre print anytime you want and we'll talk about that. Yeah. And that is essentially because that's before you, you have the copyright for that author formatted version that that's your work. And so you can do what you want with it. If you submit you can do what you want with it 10 years after it's been published or. Yeah. Yeah. Okay so pre prints. I think we're doing okay on time here but I have a lot of questions at the end. Yeah, yeah and so we'll want to have time to talk. So some terminology. I think that's in two different ways or at least that's how I find it as kind of a common generic term that is about a an author formatted print, an author formatted version of a paper. Sometimes that's just generically referred to as pre print. But I'll try to at least and the rest of this be more specific and so a pre print is that author formatted paper usually a PDF of your word document. That is before edits have been made reflecting peer review from submission to a journal. So this is your work. You can pretty much do what you want with it. Sometimes it's used more generically to refer to pre prints and post prints, but pre print before edits from the peer review process post print, after edits have been made reflecting the peer review process from submission to a journal. And I, I've seen some people moving more towards print, which refers to pre prints and post prints so just these self archived publicly available versions of manuscripts, regardless of whether it was before after edits from peer review have been made sometimes are more generically referred to as prints. So why do we do this we've talked about a number of these already but I think the main one is just that we can provide free and open access and that's going to increase the impact of our work by making it available to a much greater audience at no cost. In fact, I think reflective of that increased impact is there's some research showing that pre printed articles are associated with higher citation rates so they're as much as I think most of us are thinking about this in a more altruistic sense of democratizing access to to scholarship and research. There's also a kind of personal benefit to the researchers around higher citation rates, it can help public combat publication bias in that you're having trouble getting a paper with no results published, or a paper that doesn't find particularly compelling for whatever reason, put it out there as a, as a pre printer as a print. And then it is available to be included in synthesis and meta analysis and helps combat that that publication bias. And so that relates to the next point makes research available more quickly there's been a lot of literature in the last months, less in education, although some, but in other fields pre prints have really gotten on the map with the pandemic. And instead of waiting months potentially years to go through the peer review process and multiple rounds of review at one or potentially two or three different journals before work is published. Pre printing, it is, as soon as you write it up, it's out there. Well, usually it takes a day or so. There's usually some kind of very slight vetting process to make sure that the content is relevant and you're not just putting an ad out there. Pre prints, it's out there. Boom. And so it just cuts down on the time and makes research available really quickly which, in a lot of cases is really important. If you do a pre print, and it's really a pre print before you submit it allows you to try to solicit and get feedback from the research community before you submit to a journal. Again, at least in education. This is in its infancy there's not a ton of feedback being provided but in the ideal print community, we would have a robust community of people contributing feedback to work and I think this would be a great area for those of you with students to get doctoral students used to reviewing papers they can comment on and provide feedback to pre prints and it could be a nice feedback community. You can also there are no page limits in in at least that I'm aware of on any print archive. And so you can include extended information on the methods or accessible summaries for practitioner audiences. For example, you can put those they may not get published but these could be important pieces of information. And those can be provided on print archives and provides a way for you to empty your file drawer again related to this combating public publication bias is, I think all of us have have work on that we've just never published for one reason or another. And in I, I've thought about trying to organize something in education but in different communities. They have kind of empty the file drawer initiatives and just encouraging everyone to go back and try to get all those papers that you've never published, get them out there. They should be out there that that research has been done. And for whatever reason, it hasn't been published, but it should be out there and accessible to research consumers and to synthesize users of the research base. Yeah, and I think a great illustration of this is this tweet I've popped in here from Hillary Barth, who says when you posted an empirical report on a preprint journal with no intention to submit it to a journal for peer review. What's it called not really a preprint has the term been developed yet to signal that this paper is a terminal preprint, and I just really love this idea sort of what Brian's talking about which is, yeah, we all the studies that just fell to the back burner are no longer relevant maybe it's not, you know, significant enough to get published. But if you make it into like this terminal preprint right you're never ever going to submit it. At least it's sitting somewhere where someone can search for it and not do that idea right so they have. This is going to help with meta analysis, trying to figure out you know, who's run the studies not only that have been published on the subject and found but what about the people who didn't and including that meta analysis. But yeah just making sure that that work sees the light of day because we really don't want to waste our participants time or students time, our own time and so I think this is a really love the idea maybe there's like spring cleaning right for education researchers which is like, get that file drawer out maybe submit one or two a year if you can and just make sure it sees the light of day. Yeah, yeah we'll talk about I see the chat asking about preprint servers. We'll talk about that in a sec. But I also wanted to mention really quickly. Some people fear the preprint ahead of publishing but there's also these new models coming out. Like elive just announced a preprint first publishing model so you cannot publish in their journal until you've posted a preprint and they did this because they surveyed their, their authors and like 80% of them or something like that. Said that they were using preprints and they were like this is cool you're getting feedback from the field ahead of time like this makes sense for us and so now some of these journals are starting to embrace these preprints so much that it becomes a part of their models I think this is maybe where things are going to start turning. So, I feel very excited by this but again like we know not everyone is there. Yeah. That's really cool Stacy. Yeah, interesting. Yeah. Yeah. Very quickly. This is it's a couple of years old now but these are average of one for citations and they looked at these different models. So close model point nine. So close model which is primarily the preprints is actually the highest with an average of 33% more citations that than the average paper, and this, it may be due to some degree of from it's preprinted more people have access to it. So, preprints, I am pretty consistently pleasantly surprised. Wow, I'm surprised that many people are downloading it. There is a, there is a market out there of people who can't access publications behind paywalls, and I think, providing them access to these through through preprints does a great service. I think some of this, though, is likely due to people are pre printing their papers that they're most excited about that may be more apt to get citations anyway, and I think that's probably the same for the bronze, the higher rate of the bronze away model, where some of that is what's getting more citations because it's it's more available to folks, but some of that is they're probably the journals are choosing and being selective over which papers that they choose to be bronze. The gold being lower is very interesting. And in some ways think wow so the gold open access journals aren't getting cited a lot. I don't want to publish my paper in a gold access journal. I think in the authors hypothesize that this may be due to what I mentioned earlier that a lot of very small journals are kind of gold by default because they just have very low overhead. It's very small journal of a professional organization, and they just aren't getting those papers don't tend to get a lot of citations just because they're very specific to a small little field and in a smaller journals so that's probably what's behind the lower citation rate of gold journals. I don't want to under emphasize as much as I'm a big fan and very excited about pre prints, probably the big limitation of pre prints is that they're not peer reviewed. I can post any crappy thing that I've ever thought on as a pre print. And on one hand, that's a limitation. And on another hand, it is kind of freeing in some way there's not this veneer of, Oh, it's been peer reviewed so we know it's true. I mean, you look at the growing retraction rate and the different problems with papers that have been published in peer reviewed journals. We know peer review is wonderful, but it is not a guarantee that every paper is perfectly valid that that's been peer reviewed. Pre prints, it's just a different world where the stuff hasn't been peer reviewed very often. I do think it's important when being a consumer of pre prints to to recognize that some of these really are pre prints that that haven't haven't gone to be peer reviewed and published. Many of the pre prints that are available have been published and authors are strongly encouraged to go back and update pre prints with information and a corresponding DOI of digital object identifier. If and when a pre print gets probably modified and change a little bit through the peer review process but ultimately gets published. And so I haven't seen any litter. Now I have seen something that I'm going to forget numbers off the top of my head. I think there is one study out on it. There is a significant number of pre prints actually correspond to work that is eventually peer reviewed and published so in some ways it's a misnomer to say that pre prints aren't peer reviewed many of them end up getting peer reviewed but there's no guarantee of that and there is a caveat approach that one has to take with pre prints and be a very critical skeptical research consumer when you're looking at pre prints because a lot of it hasn't been peer reviewed. Can I add something to that Brian. Yeah, yeah. There's another interesting argument here is the biggest one is like pre prints are peer reviewed so like their garbage or whatever right, but we also to remember like our conference presentations often aren't peer reviewed our posters aren't peer reviewed Ted talks at the time are not peer reviewed. So, you know, this is not a problem that's unique to pre prints. Yes, they carry this problem and like Brian's talking about a lot of them will become peer reviewed at some point but I just want to remember that like peer reviewed isn't like the standard every single thing of every single type of scientific dissemination and so yes it has this problem but also like this problem exists in other spaces that's not totally new.  A doctoral student of mine and I just we have a paper in press looking at in our field of special education journal policies regarding pre prints, and there are two or three of them that say that they won't accept a paper if it's been pre printed. I think this is going as pre prints continue to grow in popularity. I think these the number of journals that have policies prohibiting the submission of pre prints will decrease. That's the journals prerogative I get if they feel for whatever reason and I guess it's just they feel like that's going to be competing with them for citations and for readership and why would someone pay to access the journal if it's available as a pre print. Most journals this hasn't been an issue but I was going to say yeah right so they want to make money is a lot of the argument is just available for free and we would argue that you know scientific dissemination is more important the profits. But yeah I mean so what you should do in that case right is look up Sherpa Romeo or shoot the editor and email saying hey if I pre print is this going to be a problem and they should be able to tell you right. The relatively small number of journals that have this policy but know that some of it that there are a few need to be careful. Yeah. And the policies aren't always clear so exactly when in doubt shoot the editor and email and say something that that I've thought about with the timing of my pre prints is that especially when I write in within my little field of special education writing an open act writing a piece especially an open science. I kind of haven't this. There's not a there's not an infinite number of reviewers that it might go out to us is probably within this small group. If I if I post a pre print and tweet it. I don't worry that a lot of my potential pool of reviewers are now aware of the that print and and the blind review is compromised. And so sometimes when I write something that is a little in a niche where I'm worried about it. A couple times I pre printed it and not tweeted it until later. And a couple times I've just not pre printed it until a little later. Personally, I don't know I think. Yeah, if you're in that niche area and you're not sure if there's going to be any reviewers who won't be able to figure out who you are they find a pre print or whatever just save that pre print and then until after you can post it then just post it to make it more open access didn't really act as a pre print in the beginning but you're still helping to make your work more accessible. Right. I do think if someone really wants to find out who that there is an argument we shouldn't pre print because then people are when they read something they can search the internet and find the pre print and find out who you are. They can probably do that for most work that's out there already. I don't think pre prints. I think there, there is that issue but but it's not an issue unique to pre prints at all. This is just something real quick on the growth of pre prints it's in a different field. It's not a biomedical pre prints but you can just see in the last few years. This is really taking off education is probably a little late to the game, but it is, it is starting and so a lot of the rest of this I'll talk just briefly here we'll finish up on ed archive which is a relatively new pre print archive or repository developed that specific to the edge for education research. There are multi disciplinary pre print sometimes they're called pre print servers pre print archives pre print or print repositories I'll call them print repositories here. There are some general ones. There are some domain specific ones. There are some bio archive, one in psychology bio archive and biology open science framework hosts 20 some different domain specific repositories open science framework is the, the web arm of Center for open science. There are, and someone got some have some cool names and logos. And so there was a group of us a couple of years ago and said we should have one of these in education. And so we've started ed archive. Don't know if I love our, our logo but it's, it's, it's, it's a start. It reminds me like Raven claw, like from Harry Potter. Yeah, I don't, I don't know how we came upon that actually. I think there's some benefits and largely to raise awareness and submission and use of pre prints without having something specific to education would be helpful, rather than kind of the education work getting lost in these other fields or these general archives. So, we launched it late 2019. We have 661 pre prints posted as of a few days ago if I read my numbers correctly with it follows the same structure as all of the print repositories under OSF there's just eight different steps that it's, I can do it and I'm not good at this stuff and you know, if I can do it, you can do it. You have to create an account on OSF. First, submit a pre print. You upload the file.  I think you can link to those if it is. Author assertions, which we can talk a little bit about more about that but there's different licenses. They recommend the CC by attribution, which means anyone can reuse your work as long as they attribute it. So, we just signed a DOI. Oh, and it's asked is there a DOI associated with a publication, and then the DOI is actually become linked. And so citations for the pre print actually get credited or associated with citations to the article, you put in key words and abstract, put a discipline label authors and what's the scope of interest statement. I think so one question and chat amongst some other interesting conversation is like talking about the licenses and that's definitely where I get stuck I'm like I don't know anything about licenses like what the heck am I supposed to do. At least I know on OSF they've tried to make it very easy to look at the different licenses so I know at least when you pre register. So what type of license do you want and there's like a little icon you can click and it opens up into this big broad thing talking about what these licenses mean which are the most common what you get for what. So you can definitely check out those resources. But yeah, overall like licenses like I don't know Brian if you're an expert I'm definitely not but usually I just look at the guidance that's provided on the website and just go for like the creative common ones usually. I know the creative common ones pretty well and they're. I think there's six different options and the two most popular doesn't mean that they're right, or the right ones but the two most popular or the CCB why which means basically anybody can do whatever they want with it. And as long as they attribute the source right they say where they got it from CCB why NC is a derivation of that where anyone can use it as long as it's used non commercially is the NC. And so I actually I think I've done either CCB why or CCB why NC, not for any particular reason it's just kind of what mood I'm in. And some for some things I don't want someone else to make money off this and so CCB why NC. And that means anyone can use it as long as they attribute it outside of for commercial, it has to be a non commercial venture. So we got some good links in the chat thank you everyone for plopping and Creative Commons license, more information about that but we also have a question which is just to hear about our opinion about how institutions of higher ed view pre prints, especially for early career researchers who are seeking to attain academic positions. So while you think about that Brian I can just come in real quick so I graduated at the beginning of quarantine with my PhD and I just started my assistant professorship. Now so it's been like really weird very fast, but what I ended up doing before I went on the job market as I took all of the work that was sort of sitting around waiting to be pure viewed, and I made them into pre prints, and I put them on my website that was when people were searching for me, and they wanted to see what I published, my work was being they could read about it right so it wasn't an official pre branches, I wasn't too sure about it back then and my life is chaos, but I definitely was able to put it on my website. And I use something called pretty pre prints which is by Brenton Wernick. You could literally Google pretty pre prints it'll show up on the OSF page where you can format them. Yeah, we have a slide at the very end where here they are so you can format them to look official I even fooled myself into thinking my pre print was my actual published PDF. But it makes it look a little bit official, you can put it on your website just to show that yours, you're sort of have momentum even if things have been held up in the publishing. But an interesting question along that is like yeah how do higher institutions view pre prints, I think we're still trying to figure it out but Brian maybe you have some ideas. I think they're still trying to figure it out that this isn't really on the radar for like 10 year promotion committees very very much they just don't know what to make of it and I'm not sure they should be it. It is something that anybody can post almost anything as a pre print so I'm. It's, I think it's, it looks good I think there is a greater awareness of the benefits of doing this. I don't think it's going to take the place anytime soon and maybe shouldn't have a peer reviewed article. What it does do is light like Stacy was saying, if you're going out in the job market, and rather than just having your CV where you have six things is submitted, or maybe that's a little ambitious, but you've got a few things listed as submitted or under review. But what's that mean exactly here, you have a pre print where you can put a link in and people can go actually read the document. Yeah, especially it's your newest work right and you're phasing out old stuff or something like that and you want them to have a well represented view of sort of what you're doing now because it could take years to publish something right. I personally struggle with, I don't want to look like I'm patting my CV, and so I won't list pre prints on my CV, but I feel like in a way I should. I don't have good answers to that I think it's something that is kind of evolving how we, how we deal with that. In terms of the question of like, should I put it on my CV right like, there's some question about that I think the pre prints in the same sort of boat. That's fine. That's not a terribly satisfying answer, but I don't think you only have two publications but I've got 20 pre prints I don't think that's going to get you 10 year. I think there is some level of growing recognition, at least in some places that, well that's, that's wonderful that you're making your work available freely, openly accessible to a variety of stakeholders and that's how I would kind of frame it, not that I would do this instead of having a body of peer reviewed research and scholarship, but instead adding to it by making it more generally accessible by pre printing it. And so this is that at archive and just click on I'm going to go through this briefly, but you need to open an account here the sign up button, you do submit a pre print here to submit. So just a screenshot of the the end of the process where you for this one. I said I didn't have a conflict of interest, and there's an option to include supplemental materials, and then at the end you just click submit pre print and it is a fairly straightforward process. So assuming pre prints, you can search, you can put in your own search terms they have subject terms you can search by the at our, and any of the most of the larger print repositories assigned do is so they're all searchable and they'll come up in Google Scholar. Read and comment on manuscripts using they have a new tool on the OSF body of print repositories hypothesis. And so you can actually make little notes as you go and the ideas eventually that, even though it's not peer reviewed to be posted that that we would we develop a community that that comments on each other's works, and that will help serve as kind of a form of peer review, and you can always download manuscripts. I'm not going to go over this could run out of time, but I just did a search a what my doctoral student of mine. These are the different some of the subject terms that you can browse by. And so the, I was looking for my doc student posted as a pre print this flow chart about how to post a pre print this little I think here's how I could comment on it using hypothesis. I'm a good advisor so I gave a plaudit to it endorsing this work. I should have put in a new screenshot this is a month sold now I'm sure it has many more downloads now. It displays an abstract the DOI, the license so he chose the CCB why so you can use this and profit off it if you'd like a disciplinary term there tags that that he entered, and then citations, a PA citations. Interestingly, one thing to point out here is this is version to so there was something on it. Maybe I told him this is miss spelled or I don't know I forget what happened but he, you can post different versions of it. And so this will tell you it was originally submitted on April 30, but then it was updated on May 7 with this second version. And so it displays the most recent version but if you want to go back you can download, you can look at and download previous versions as well. And I just put a link if you want to download this it actually is I think a nice flow charts there's just a link to the flow chart and I'm not going to go over it now we don't have the time. And so this is what we talked about. Good questions discussion. Thanks very much. Some references. I hyperlinked the stuff in my slides, and we wanted to just make sure we mentioned pretty pre prints which we already have this, the, how much the pandemic has put the pre prints on on the map in in many ways. Then some horror stories. I had this in case anyone was like, but what about the horror stories. Yes, sometimes people put things on their journals website that's like totally cool if you use pre prints and then people actually pre print and then they apply, or they submit and then like editors are like, oh my God, why did you do that and then people freak out so we're still in that transition phase right we're trying to figure out like how to incorporate this into our practice I think the kings are still being worked out. So for you, I think most people tend to have a pretty good experience although I do want you to be aware that there are some horror stories out there, but they exist. Hopefully you can just reach out to the editor had a time just make sure it's kosher before you go forward, and then pre print your work. And then again, I normally how I use pre prints is I just do it after the things published that way people can find it easier. So it helps open access. My goal moving forward is to try and pre print using the archive more, but definitely like if you're just getting started and you're not comfortable yet. Use those things as the last step of your publishing to make it more open access. Does anyone have any questions. Thank you Brian for controlling the PowerPoint. You're welcome. Thank you for your time. It was fun. And yeah so we have just a few minutes now just discussion questions. I have a question you, you kind of mentioned something about the tenure process, or the processes that are, you know, kind of being run under the most traditional criteria to evaluate researchers do you think that there's room for these open science practices at least here in the US. You go first. Yes, I think there's room for them potentially I love the idea. I think there are there is some anecdotal evidence where I think, unfortunately, it is more about, Oh, well someone who's who's a dean or a provost or chair of the tenure and promotion committee really appreciates this. I think there are perhaps some institutions that are more broadly receptive or interested in it, but generally, I think it's it's not well established. I mentioned before that I don't put prints or pre prints on my CV. I don't. I don't think I put pre registrations on and I should. I think pre registrations are something that should count for for something. Yeah, I think we just become so grants publications. And it's part of the problem when it's just counting up their grants and looking at the journal impact factor, but that's the established system and I think it's going to take some time to get away from that. And pre prints are probably the are going to be what what carries the day in terms of tenure decisions ever, but I think some of these other. I think it's it's good to have an end can look positive that I don't think it can hurt. I think things like pre registration and data sets and materials shared materials that that can accrue citations to and really show an impact really could and should count in the tenure and promotion and hiring considerations. There's limited evidence that that they do right now but I think that's kind of part of would be within the universe of this conference is to try to just think about how to change that. And I would even add that I think just looking at the signs, a lot of how we're thinking about publishing, I think it's going to change with the addition of pre prints with ongoing battles with large publishers like Elsevier, you know the UC system hungry Norway, pulling their licenses their subscriptions from these giants because they're for profit, I think there's a lot of change that's going to happen. And there's even some talk of trying to get people to form coalitions to peer review, pre prints to give them that stamp of approval so that they'll count as high as a, you know, a peer review journal article but not have to pay for it. I think right now, everything Brian says is true like people are only sure what to make of them it's not going to get you 10 years not going to look as good as a peer reviewed article but I do think that in the coming years like we're probably going to see some shifting of what this means how they're treated and how we use them, not only to disseminate our work but how they help us with our scientific prestige or or how we sort of value them in our in our science and so I'm really interested in the future I'm hoping education researchers will begin to use these to more broadly disseminate their work. Hopefully there's added value to that in our own careers because I mean the goal of science is to do science and to disseminate it and so I think pre prints can really help us overcome a lot of the weird cultural things that we've developed as a science which is like paying for articles on the taxpayer pace for them and all these other sorts of things so this is a really good question, but I'm hopeful that in the future will be more open access and more value dedicated to people who use open science practices. As Stacy alluded to and we're out of time, but for those of you with an interest in kind of more radical change. There are some really interesting models that are alternatives to the traditional publishing model that would rely on things like like science as the main basis for just knowledge dissemination and perhaps journals play a role but it's much more a secondary kind of way to amplify certain selected products but but that the core of knowledge dissemination would be this much more open model of let's get everything out there. Thanks everybody I don't want to make. Oh, well, we're just making you late for lunch. Well I don't want to make you late for lunch but I feel even worse if we made you late for presentations but thanks so much I'm going to stop sharing my screen. Thank you.


Listen to Herbert Marshall as the man called X. Wherever there is mystery, adventure, intrigue, in all the strange and dangerous places of the world, there you will find the man called X. The dock area of Yokohama, Japan, looks to be in a normal state of bustle and confusion.  And then they fix on a jaunty-looking figure approaching the hiding place. And with a move born of sudden desperation, the man leaves his concealment and runs out onto the dock. Zelschmidt? You're Pegan Zelschmidt, aren't you? You're Pegan Zelschmidt. And whom wants to know? I know you are. I saw you once in Washington with a man named Ken Thurston. Where is he? He must take me to him at once. Do you hear? Take me to Ken Thurston at once. Oh, sure, sure. Big left. Only right now I've got a heavy date with him. No, no. No, listen to me. You can't leave me now. Ken Thurston. I have to see Ken Thurston at once, but... Thurston. I must see... The body is right there, Mr. Thurston. In the morgue. Thanks, doctor. You haven't been able to identify him? No. No papers, wallets, lawn remarks, nothing. I see. Mr. Thurston? Do you know him? No. No, I don't. Never saw him before in my life. It makes it even more strange, doesn't it? This insistence of his upon seeing you. In his scars, broken bones, physical characteristics that might help us? Only that scar tissue on his legs and feet. Crossed by? Yes. Another recent, too. Mm-hmm. Oh, I did notice some peculiar calluses on the thumb and little finger of his left hand. Here. You can see them quite plainly. Yes. All right, doctor, thanks. Anything else we can do for you? I'd like to use a private office if you don't mind. One with the telephone. Of course. Do you want to call the authorities in Tokyo? No. The Bureau. New York. What connection Professor James Abbott could have with the murdered derelict there in Japan? I don't know. Oh, let's see if we can find out, chief. Professor Abbott was working on robot weather stations in Alaska, wasn't he? That's right. Establishing a string of stations throughout the Arctic. All self-operating, not requiring any maintenance personnel. Wasn't there some connection between those weather stations and our radar defense system up there? Right. That was the same robot system on our radar detection stations. If he could, it would make our aircraft warning defenses so airtight that... Oh, but this is the Arctic we're talking about, not Japan. Professor Abbott's missing, isn't he? Sure, has been for a couple of months. All efforts to contact him, then we don't think this dead man could possibly be Abbott. He had recent frostbite scars on his legs, chief. And how many people do you know who plays a French horn? A French horn? Yes. Wasn't Abbott a well-known amateur musician, a French horn player? Well, sure. But what's that got to do with it?  The kind musicians get. Those who play the French horn. And there were two Russian freighters in the harbor, chief. But there are quite a few items, doesn't it, Ken? Yes. I think I'd better check on them in Alaska. There isn't much information we can give you about Professor Abbott here, Mr. Thurston. He was working out of the Elmdorf airbase, wasn't he, Colonel? That's true, but as far as his work was concerned, well, it was top secret. Where did you last hear from him? I see.  He'd informed us by short wave that he was heading for a new robot weather station up the Narooka River, intended to winter there alone. And no word since. None? We sent out a number of searching parties, didn't find a trace of them. I see. How can I get to the Narooka station? Well, the only feasible method this time of year is to fly in. I can tell you right now you won't find anything there, but we'll put a plane at your disposal. I think I'd better make this unofficial, Colonel. What about bush pilots? Well, there's Chuck Stevens. He covers that territory all the time. As a matter of fact, I believe he was the one who flew Abbott in that last time. Chuck Stevens? Yes, you'll find his plane at the Anchorage Field. I'll have someone drive you out. It's the same, Colonel. I just got a nasty hunch it won't be necessary. What do you mean? Mr. Thurston, welcome to Alaska. There you go. Now, I'll be hanged if I'm going to ask you what you're doing here. That's right, Mr. Thurston. So hop into this jalopy and I'll drive you to that Chuck Stevens pilot. He's going to fly us out to the Narooka weather station. That's right, Mr. X. I knew you made a big mistake giving me the brush up in Yokohama, so I got the next plane out for Alaska. You mean you were stowed away? Yes. No, no. Anyway, sir, here we are. The Zelschmidt Stevens Air Taxicap Service and Company.  You must be Thurston. That's right, you Stevens. You named it. Your friend Zelschmidt has been spreading the word around Anchorage that you're trying to get some dope about a Professor James Abbott. Thank you, Peter. Don't think nothing of Mr. Thurston. That's why I asked him to bring you here. Figured I might be able to help you. Might be nice of you, Stevens. What do you know about him? Well, I flew him up to a weather station on the Narooka River a couple of months ago. It's a pretty lonely spot. You'd be glad to have company. I guess you haven't heard. Professor Abbott is missing. Missing? That's right. Has been for two months. How come you didn't know? Well, that's simple. I flew over that weather station day before yesterday. And Professor Abbott was still there. Narooka weather station dead ahead. Boy, with a lonely hunk of a place, nothing but snow nice and snow. Yeah. You sure you saw Abbott there, Stevens? Well, I couldn't miss. The arrangements for me to check with him any time I flew near. So I buzzed the place twice.  He wouldn't have done that if he was in any kind of trouble. Oh, you better keep those belts tight. There's just a couple of inches of new snow over some pretty rugged ice down there. The landing's liable to be rough. Yeah. Well, that does it, gents. Now, let's go in and say hello to the Professor. You notice anything strange, Stevens? Strange? Like what? Well, the Professor doesn't seem too anxious to meet any guests. That's right. I wonder how come he's sticking inside? Supposed to be going and asking. Hey, it's... it's quiet out here and... and quiet. Like... like there was something wrong or something. We'll find out in a minute. See? Nobody home. Hey, maybe he's getting a short beer or something. Oh, sure. Come on. Nobody's home inside either. I don't get it, Thurston. There weren't any tracks in the snow leading away from here. Abbott's got to be around somewhere. You're right. Yeah. Well... She's got a gun. She's got a gun! Hey, what's the big idea?  I know how to use this thing. I think she does have that, Stevens. Yeah. Okay. What are you doing here? We might ask you the same question. You might. Only I've got the gun. So what are you doing here? I suppose I said we wanted to talk to Professor Abbott. Then I'd say you're out of luck, Mr. Why? I just killed him. We'll return to the man called X in just a moment. Today, throughout the nation, driving conditions remain precarious. Longer hours of darkness, poor visibility caused by ice, snow, rain and fog, and slippery streets. Call for extra precaution when you drive. Adjust your speed to road and weather conditions. Keep windshield clear of rain, snow, ice and fog. Never slam on your brakes if the road is wet or slippery. Guard against that one accident that might take your life or ruin it. For your own sake, be careful. Act two of the man called X starring Herbert Marshall with Leon Balasco as Pagansel Schmidt. An unidentified man is murdered in Yokohama, Japan, and Ken Thurston believes him to be Professor Abbott, a missing meteorologist who had been working on top-secret weather and radar stations in Alaska. But when they arrive at the Norooka Weather Station, they're met by a girl, a girl who greets them with a gun in her hand and a startling statement. You heard me. You're too late to speak to the professor. I just killed him. Very interesting. Mind telling us why? Anna Kohler don't cotton to claim jumpers, mister. Claim jumpers? That's right. I staked out a uranium load back in the foothills. Abbott wrecked my claim markers and put his up. Tracked him down here and I managed to get my gun first. Any questions? Yes. Where's the body, Miss Kohler? The next room. Thanks. He's dead in the macro. Yeah?  You can check the claim sticks for yourself, mister. And if you look close at Abbott's there, you can see he's got his gun half drawn. She's right, Mr. Therson. That's not what Stevens is talking about. Oh? And what is he talking about? It's a dead man. He's not Abbott. Hmm? That's right. He's Ivan Vasilov, runs a coastal trading schooner out of Anchorage. All I know is that he was trying to run a con game on me, and it didn't pay off. This the man you saw from your plane a couple of days ago, Stevens? Those are the clothes he was wearing. I guess I just took her for granted. He was Abbott. I, um, I'm sorry for the bum steer, Therson. So who cares who he was? He's dead. And this dame done to him. Well, why don't you do something about her, Mr. Therson? Sure. Go ahead. Oh, put that thing away, Miss Kohler. The authorities in Anchorage will handle this killing business if and when we ever get back there. What do you mean, Therson? Well, take a look outside. Outside? Looks like we'll be snowed in here for a while. Snowed in? With the dead men and the gun, Molly? Who? Oh, cheer up, Pagon. While we're here, maybe we'll get a couple of questions answered. What kind of questions, Therson? What happened to Professor Abbott? And why? I don't get it, Mr. X.  What's here in this weather tower that can tell you anything? It's not what's here, Pagon. It's what's missing. Huh? What's missing? Abbott's top secret. The heart of the equipment. The robot brain. So it's missing? So what? So now we know why the professor's missing, too. Over this next little hill, Therson, I spotted it this morning while snooping around for that uranium claim of Anacolas. What about that claim, Stephen? Well, I didn't find a trace of it. But there, that's what I did find. Ah. The remodeled Russian Yak fighter plane. Sure. Made over into a nice, three-place cabin job. That dead man, Vasilov, must have flaunted in here. Why not, uh, Anacola? No, no. She came over and in the snow track, I sought. So, uh, what do you think, Therson? About what?  Abbott was working on something up here, and it must have been something big, maybe top secret. So? So maybe he didn't disappear because he wanted to. Maybe somebody was after him for that top secret. Maybe Anacola or Vasilov. Or both. You don't come here with a lot of theories, Stevens. What about proof? I got a hunch that's your job, Therson. But I'd sure like to know what's going on in Anacola's mind. Pagan, really. After all, what kind of a girl must you think I am? Oh, come on, baby. Move over a little closer. After all, it's, it's cold outside. Oh. Pagan. Oh, can I help you if I am so impestuous? Oh, come on, babe. Oh, but after all, we hardly know each other. Oh, so who cares? When you and me could make such beautiful music together, what's they would start tuning up? Hey, maybe? Pagan. Mr. Therson might be back any minute. What would he think? Oh, what difference does it make what he thinks? After all, he takes his orders from me. Does he really? Oh, sure, sure. So come into Papa's arms. We've got things to talk about. Real interesting things. But I think you're so interesting, Pagan. Doing such dangerous and exciting work. We're working for the government and everything. Government? Who said that? Oh, and Mr. Therson did. He did? Well, of course. You tell me all about the two of you. He told me everything. Everything? That's right. How do you like that? He makes me promise not to tell anybody that he's the man called X and then he goes around to do... Thank you, Pagan. Huh? For what? For being so sweet and talkative. I just got to give you something in return. You do, baby. Like what? Like this. Looks like we're beating our feet for nothing, Therson. If Anna Kohler did stake out a uranium load around here, the storms covered it. Yeah. Might as well head back for the weather station. Storms died down enough now for us to... Hey, what's the matter? Listen. Holy smoke, my plane. Thurston. Yeah, Anna Kohler. There it is, Thurston. Starting the taxi. Yeah. It's Anna Kohler, all right. Look at her. Heading right toward us. Don't keep it quick. Vasilev wasn't enough for her. She tried to get us too. And she's left us stranded out here. Not quite. There's still Vasilev's plane. Come on. Let's get back to Anchorage. Hey, I don't get it, Mr. X. Why are you just rushing around Anchorage this way? I've got a little work to do. But you've already done some work, calling that colonel at the air base and finding out that Kohler cookie filed a uranium claim with that land recorder. And what are you looking for down here at the docks? Anyways. I just found it, Pager. Huh? You found what? Ivan Vasilev's trading ship. But that Vasilev's character's dead. Who's going to be on board now? Suppose you'll get yourself a short beer while I find out. That's the first thing I've heard in Alaska that makes any sense. See you later, Mr. X. Who are you? I merely happened to be the dead man you found at the Narooka Weather Station. Ivan Vasilev. So, Mr. Thurston, have you figured it out yet? About Professor Abbott, I mean. It wasn't too tough, Vasilev. You wanted the secret of that robot mechanism. So you kidnapped Abbott. Only he escaped in Yokohama and was shocked for his trouble. Through? Quite through, Mr. Thurston. And is that all? Not quite. With Abbott gone, you needed the mechanism itself. So you had to send for an expert. He was the man Anna shot at Narooka. Yes, the poor girl really believed that you were all after uranium, but that does not matter now. What does? The fact that we shall live anchor it shortly to rendezvous with a submarine in the Gulf of Alaska. It already has the robot mechanism aboard. What your fate shall be from then on, I'll leave to your imagination. I see. Stand fast, everybody. Don't you worry about a thing, Mr. Thurston, we've come to the rescue. Show the first pirated moves, Mr. Stevens. We'll make them walk the plank afterwards. How do you ever dream this one up, you idiot?  It's for you. I meet Mr. Stevens on the docks. We see you bump into this character in the cabin. I risk my life to come on board and save you from worse than death.  Don't take my word for it. Ask Stevens.  Because he's the man we've been looking for. The brains of the outfit that killed Abbott. He is. Give me the gun, you get the ship on the way. Of course, Comrade. We will be started. Oh, Thurston. You had me figured, too. That's right. You knew too much about the landing fuel conditions at Narooka. That meant you'd been there recently. You identified the dead man as Vasilov when his papers said differently. It all ended up to something, Stevens. Now you know what? A one-way trip to you and the radar equipment. What? What about me, Mr. Stevens? I didn't figure out nothing. Come to think of it, Zeltschmidt, that's right. Sure, sure it is. So I guess I just take myself a mosey onto the dock. Hey, Mr. Stevens. Why don't I save you the trouble, Zeltschmidt? By shooting you now. Oh, that's the thing. Save me the trouble. By shooting me now. Oh, no, no, no. What's the trouble? What's going on out there? I hear that Colonel Bishop's men are taking over. Colonel? That's right. I'll tip them off that I might run into trouble here. I drop the gun, Stevens. Okay, okay. Everything all right, Thurston? Yes, thanks, Colonel. And what about this man here? I'm dying, I'm dying. Oh, get up there, you're going through all over. It is. Hey, how do you like that? It is. Forgetting something, aren't you, Thurston? That submarine with a robot mechanism aboard? We're still one. Oh, that. I imagine we'll get a report from the bombing squadron shortly. Bombing squadron? Yeah. Colonel sent one up over the gulf, after I call him. Death bomb practice. Depth bomb? What? You can't do that. What about international law? International law. Since when did your kind pay any attention to law? What law gives you the right to kidnap, to murder, and start wars? But don't worry about it, Stevens. Those bombers are practicing in the Gulf of Alaska. They won't hurt anything that doesn't belong there. And I'm sure one of your subs wouldn't violate our territorial waters. Or would it? And now, here again is our star, Mr. Herbert Marshall. Thanks for being with us. And my thanks to Gene Tatum, Will Wright, John Dana, Lou Merrill, and Peter Leeds.  And let me assure you, the letter is not Leon Bolasco, who will be along, of course, as Pagan Zeltschmidt. So join us, won't you, when next I return as the man called X. Good night. The man called X, starring Herbert Marshall, is a J. Richard Kennedy production with music by Milton Charles. Tonight's story was written by Sidney Marshall. This program is directed by Jack Johnstone. All characters and incidents on this program are fictitious. And any resemblance to actual characters or incidents is purely coincidental. And now until next week, same time and station, this is Hal Gipney saying good night for the man called X. This is NBC, the national broadcasting company.


The idea of people controlling things is actually a more complicated and subtle one than one might imagine. I mean, you might say that parents control their family because otherwise the children would run wild, but that control, as every wise parent and every well-brought-up child knows, is a much more subtle thing than the parents simply putting a fence around them and saying, you stay there and don't move, because the children are supposed to flourish and are supposed to do things and have initiatives of their own, eventually at least. And this is an ongoing, regular question. How do we control things? In a school, how do you control the children who you're wanting to teach to be independent thinkers and so on? Or if you want to control them in the sense of prohibiting them from doing or saying or thinking anything which you might find dangerous, then many of us would think that's a bit stultifying, a bit destructive and so on. So the word control, well, it's got a good meaning, it's probably got a bad meaning as well. When I'm driving down the highway, I need to control my speed. Of course I do, not just because I don't want a speeding fine, but I don't want to be a danger to life and limb my own or that of anyone else. But if somebody were to say, I'm going to control the way you drive the car, I would immediately feel, well, sorry, I'm supposed to be driving this car, thank you very much. So the word slides to and fro between having a good feeling and a bad feeling. When it comes to when God is in control, within the Bible itself, there are many, many places where it really looks as though right from early on, God was not controlling in the sense of being a puppet master, pulling the strings and making stuff happen. One of the most haunting phrases early on in the Bible is, before the time of the flood, when God saw all the wickedness of humans and it cut him to the heart, it grieved him to his inmost being. Now that doesn't sound as though God was then in control. And yet God had made the world, but he had made humans to be image bearers which meant to have responsibility for reflecting his will into the world. And if humans committed idolatry, they would be taking their orders from the idols that they were worshiping, which was, of course, what happened.  God has built into the universe the human possibility, both of genuine worship and of the false worship of idolatry. And that's why when we think of control, it can sound a bit like a deist God who is looking down and, to use that image again, pulling the strings, pressing the buttons, manipulating the levers to make things happen the way he wants them. And that really doesn't look like the God of the Bible. That doesn't look like the God we know in Jesus himself. After all, one of the things which is quite extraordinary about the New Testament's incarnational theology and all the New Testament, I believe, subscribes to the view that in Jesus the living God was personally present is that this incarnate God weeps. He weeps at the tomb of his friend in John 11. He weeps over Jerusalem in John 19. What is this about? Is his weeping somehow controlling the situation? No, it is lamenting over the situation.  Somehow we have to build into our picture of God this sense of lament, this sense of the world having responsibility which it may abuse. And then the way that God controls the situation is not by calling in the numbers and by pulling people back and restraining them with ropes and so on, by coming into the situation in person to take the full force of the problem onto himself. In other words, the story of Jesus going to the cross is the story of the kingdom that is the sovereignty of God. And unless we're prepared to have the notion of control redefined around the story of the cross, then there's something seriously wrong. This is what happens in Mark 10 when James and John want to sit at Jesus' right and his left in his kingdom. And Jesus says, you have no idea what you're talking about. Don't you realize that whereas the Gentile kings lord it over their subjects, they exercise control as much as they can by bossing and bullying people around. Jesus says, we're not going to do it like that. The one who would be great among you must be your servant and slave of all because the Son of Man didn't come to be served but to serve and to give his life as a ransom for many. That is the redefinition of power, of control, of sovereignty. And it goes to the very heart of the New Testament vision of what it means to be human but then also of what it means to be God. So before we just facilely talk about God being in charge or God being controlling, we have to look hard at Jesus' teaching about God's sovereignty, God's kingdom, and see how that is redefined around the loving message of cross and resurrection. And that I think will rock us back on our heels a bit and make us be a bit more careful about our language.


So today when I'm doing this it's not because I'm trying to say who's good or who's bad I'm just saying that this needs to be fixed in a country like India We have a national identification card without which we cannot vote when we come into this country We have a retina scan. We have fingerprints everything when we're entering into the into this country through a border How is that a vote which is the single most important thing any person can do is is actually being cast without an ID without Any any kind of oversight and you know those ballots getting duplicated without an oversight and all of this fraud that was happening It was heartbreaking. So that's why I decided to put myself here another thing that I noticed is that There were Democratic challengers there. I don't even call them challengers. They were agitators They were only there with one purpose when GOP people are non-partisan people signed up We were only trying to ensure that there was integrity Whereas when Democratic challengers signed up their only purpose there was to intimidate the GOP people and get them out So that was what was happening on the on the fourth when I got on the floor I didn't have my GOP tag on so automatically I was assumed to be a Democrat and I have seen some women who came to me and I said let that let's get let's get these MF's out And when I saw that she was targeting white male Republicans accusing them of something like your mask slipped You were not six feet away So you need to go out and you know your phone was out and they were really intimidating all these white people and I put myself out there try to help them saying why are you getting them in trouble? And they said why are you taking their side? Then I then I showed my GOP tag and then she said to me that I am on the wrong side Because I had a GOP tag on when I got the non-partisan tag at the counting board They like the poll workers were very respectful because of my non-partisan tag But when I had the GOP tag the first thing they said is six feet You know the rule or you will be sent out and I'm like when I had the non-partisan tag not a lot of rules Didn't apply to me So that just told me that you know those poll workers the Democratic challengers And so many other people that were there They their only job there was to block the GOP challengers from doing their job And when I was with the with the non-partisan tag and talking to Democratic challengers Most of them didn't even know what to challenge in a ballot when I asked them a question whenever I was asking supervisor a Question those were they those people were literally confused because they didn't even know what I was asking and then when I asked one lady Where did you get trained? She said trained for what because they didn't know what they were there for their only job I could tell there was to block the GOP people from challenging or intimidate them and get them out We even had the printed paper with us and when we would show it to the supervisor He'd say we are enforcing the rules that we were given That's the rule your team that sent you gave you we don't have to abide by it because that does not apply to us And we have to keep low profile you have to understand if we don't want to be kicked out if you don't want to I I may not be because I'm brown, but I'll I'm saying is but that was my trump card that I used all day But then the thing is that's not a privilege for a white person So white people I could see but not even daring to ask a question because if they were even a little bit louder They would say you're disturbing them So they need to get out and you have to understand the table the poll workers were ganging up with Democrats They were all in on the same team and the only people that are being isolated are the Republican white male Republicans so that that Yeah, that's racism if people ask me both I ever treated unfairly I would say rarely come to India You will know what racism is but here. No, I've been treated with a lot of respect Now I see white people are being treated as you know, so much worse than you know, I was ever treated representative CA Johnson Thank you, mr. Chair Mr. Chair Please indulge me as a woman from the city of Detroit a Woman who has lived I'm talking about me now who has lived in the city of Detroit all of my 62 years And having Spoken with many and by the way, thank you Having Spoken with many People who worked the TCF or TFC TCF All right, let's let representative Johnson continue and and please get to your question representative. I will I will So my question Really to You Mr. Chair I'm gonna repeat it again. These people our guests are sharing Information just sharing and sharing and speaking and speaking No one is under oath there are the world is watching us right now and The world is watching right now and And there are One person after another Who's testifying or who's making? Allegations because that's exactly what they are Allegations of of wrongdoing in the city of Detroit. I wonder and I'm gonna ask you the question Did you see any cameras at the TCF center? All right, so and representative I just want to remind you I think it was the purpose of today's hearing to hear from people across Michigan who witness things at the TCF center That's why well, you know here here and I'm not gonna argue with you about that here So okay, so they're here, but they're taking so much time and I see no detroiters. There is one detroiter it Stop that Please continue representative and there is one detroiter, but I have many emails since there's no one Who you have in this room to represent detroiters except a couple of us in this room I have emails from detroiters. We've taken what two hours. What's your quote? Did you have a question? I'm willing Please stop yelling people in the audience. Let me handle this Representative listen, we've had hearings in the past as you know, we'll have more hearings today We've invited mr. Giuliani and mr. Giuliani as brought forward witnesses that that he As a says have first-hand knowledge of fraud. That's what we are doing today And if we want to find out, please let me finish Yes, all right, so if you want to do other hearings, we're doing more hearings But today we're here to hear from these people. So do you have a question for these witness? No I have some concerns many concerns and I want to just share with you What the concerns are a point of order? I'm sorry. Do you have a point of order? Yes, what is your point of order point of order is to have them under oath You're out of order as I've said, this is something that is not done here in this state. Um, it's really only It may not be done under the state, but you're allowing people to come in here and lie and I know they're lying Representative you're out of order. I've given I've indulged you but you're out of order and we're going to move on On behalf of my witnesses, I would like to point out That every single witness we've presented here has sworn an affidavit as to all of these facts And so representative, please, uh, I gave you some room there, but we're gonna move on


I'm back here today to show you around the finished job, so I haven't seen it myself yet so it's going to be interesting to see. So we'll head over there and we'll see what it looks like. See you over there. There's the new wall. It's been remodeled around the conservatory. It used to go straight across there. Just use that and wipe, maybe wipe. Right, better make this quick. Got our job to go and look out on the way home. Yeah, it's like the circus packing up a leaving town and we have been called a clown a couple of times. Clowns haven't we? Just this week actually. No, no, dumber and dumber this week, wasn't it? That's the bomb. Yeah. So there you go. It can stay a bit longer. There's a bit more to go in that for Robbie and Robbie. I'll take you through. Today's been a long day because, well, you never get done as quick as you think do you? I'll spin you around and show you what's what. There it is. I'll put a, now when I'm able to do it, I'll put a picture of the original conservatory and show what it used to look like. There you go. Nice symmetrical. Again, they're coming out. Nice steels across the flush with the seal in which I've shown you already. Well that needs a quick wipe. There's the new wall. It's been remodeled around the conservatory. It used to go straight across there. You'll see that in the earlier footage as well. So we've just done that today. That was a, like, ball ache as they are. Yeah. If I had to cut it there, it did go, like I said, it used to go straight across and then an angle across there. You can see the foot in there. So we've basically made it symmetrical. Nice little meter cut there. Squared it up. We've had to use some new bricks because when this wall came down, we had to use a breaker. It was not given up easy at all. So, and we used the new bricks on the back. But when you look at it from the house, apart from the little bit there, it all looks brand new. It looks old. So there you have it. That's the new, it's coming down to there now. That's all coming out to there. That's staining. That's unfortunate because we don't need that anymore because no brick were there. So that was cutting for nothing. As I say, this used to be a picking off pillar but they've been done away with now. So you've got a nice big bifolds. Nice big window. Another nice big window here. And the actual brick, a lovely brick. Nice solid job. So, obviously by the time you'll see this, you'll know that we're off to Lamington Spa tomorrow to go and work with Tony and all the boys at Builder Day and E, which is going to be an adventure. Can't wait really. Yeah, it's going to be an adventure. Can't wait to get down there and get stuck in. It's going to be interesting. So yeah, if you like this little series, our third extension in a row, don't forget to give us a like. Hit that subscribe button and flick that bell and press all notifications. So yeah, and welcome back. This is, let me think, this is about four months since we finished this job. So jumping in from the end of the video I just watched. This is four months later nearly. So we've been away to Lamington Spa. Come back. Christmas has happened. But I'm back here today to show you around the finished job. So I haven't seen it myself yet. So it's going to be interesting to see. So we'll head over there and we'll see what it looks like. See you over there. Beautiful floor, which carries on through, which the brick layers managed to get level, which is always good. There we go. A couple of eluxes. The main thing is the ceiling that took all the extra effort to get that. So the ceiling goes straight through. No drop. So it flows beautifully. So there you go. A visit to a finished job. So enjoy that little series. Don't forget to like, comment and hit that subscribe button and we'll see you in the next one.


With nearly 65 percent of Americans living paycheck to paycheck and poverty rates continuing to rise, this January, which is recognized as Poverty Awareness Month, works to call attention to the growth of poverty in America. I think sometimes we think somebody that is in poverty is somebody that's too lazy, they don't want to work, they aren't trying, but the truth is many people live paycheck to paycheck and you could have someone just lose their job or in the winter time the power bills are astronomical and all it takes is just a bad lick, some unexpected expense and you're just completely wiped out and you're struggling with the person who is at the lowest rung of the ladder in income and so it affects all of us and it can affect all of us but unless we are around it, unless we see it, then we tend to just lock it out of our minds and pretend that it doesn't exist. Apple Icon Wireless just can't stop themselves, get the iPhone 13, 128 gig for a penny with a two-year contract on the Mix and Match or Unlimited Plan, new or renewed line, while supplies last, one penny for an iPhone 13, we are you, we are Apple Icon Wireless. Over 700,000 Kentuckians currently live in poverty and 14 percent of Kentuckians live with food insecurity. Probably the best way to help people in poverty is to give assistance to the places that are helping those that are in need. I know, you know, we have needs here, I know the East Kentucky Dream Center, I know Thankful Hearts and just the name of you that I know, you know, firsthand are out in the community trying to help and if you can help financially, if you can help with just product and then there are people that are in desperate need of having their bills met and, you know, high power bills, you know, water bills and maybe contact helping hands or some agency to see if you can make a donation that would go towards someone in need. But there are all kinds of ways. If you're looking for help, there is a way to help. I promise you. Reporting for Mountain Top News, I'm Brianna Robinson.