Okay, good morning traders. Welcome to the all-markets webinar. This is Bruce at book map. We'll be going through the order flow looking at any markets that You want so let me know we'll take a look at it. We got stocks crypto and futures General disclosure all book map limited materials information and Presentations are for educational purposes only and should not be considered specific investment advice nor recommendations Risk disclosure trading futures equities and digital currencies involves substantial risk of loss and is not suitable for all investors Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. All right. Let's move on jump in right away I'll go through actually a trade event. I want to show you It is based off of our Flag pattern that we have in the in the learning center But before I get into that Let's just take a look at the order flow and see what's going on in here. All right, so I'll leave these lines on for just a moment in here for some technical analysis Actually, we can get rid of some of these here. These are not Of the discussion it's for a demo To client Um All right Okay, and we got stops and icebergs here on the sub chart. Okay, great All right. Well, yeah, pretty pretty easy read right off the off the start here You can see the move up and then bounces off of here at 9 30 where it kind of initiated the move here around 7 to 7 30 and We see the move up pull back Move up again, and then actually pulled back one more time and moved up again. Okay, so Anyway, we'll cover this in just a minute And what do what else do we have here on the chart? What is the order flow telling us? Well a lot of liquidity Here on the offer We see as we moved forward here liquidity here on the on the offer here filled Reaches the next level of liquidity pulls back And then you can see the liquidity here now. This is right at the figure here 4,800 That what was on the offer is now on the bid Okay, this is Why we we derive these pivot lines in here oops Try that again And why they make sense. Okay, it has to do with the liquidity which creates the market structure All right, it's as simple as that And we see it again and again and again in fact Is that liquidity here in these transactions in here? We see a little bit of a bounce here We can go down a little bit further actually to here. Maybe it's maybe that's a better line for it. I just want to Bring home This point here that what we see in the liquidity There it is, okay You can see that liquidity how important this is in the market structure the market reacts to The market is made up of orders It is the transactions and the liquidity and the behavior of these orders that make up the market structure Okay, that's why we look at market structure That's why we look at liquidity and that's why we look at the transactions as simple as that Okay, everything else Elliott wave Fibonacci's floor trade or pivots VWAP Your volume profiles like all these different things in there like If they can look at and measure these three elements at a high degree Then there's something to them else. I would recommend ditching them but that said let's just You know, keep it simple if you're if you use your Your Fibonacci's or your floor trader pivots or whatever and you've got strategies built upon them, you know That these work for you. You've got numbers behind them Then that's something different and that's the way that you trade fantastic Just align it with liquidity. Okay, so if your Fibonacci Aligns with an an area here of high liquidity on the offer after a big move up That's something that's that's telling you personally With the way that you trade. All right, so Those are some of the benefits here of understanding this data here in the order flow in book map All right, so yeah, there's no attitude about to you know, the worthiness of different Indicators and methods of trading I just align them With some of the other elements in here. It's because the market is made up of orders as simple as that All right guys, let's let's continue on here And what else do we see here? So so far so good We've accepted above this whole area back and forth in here And we're accepting on some pretty nice volume in here. This is why this is still trading up in these levels in here Now is getting kind of interesting though at this point Strong move up through these areas in here. Okay cash open makes sense And then we see some pretty strong selling coming in right back down to where This volume and this move initiated here from the buy side the strong move in here And we're coming right back up to it now. The question is let's see who's winning the battle in here Do we see more buying than selling or more selling than buying? Okay, the sellers in here. Well pretty strong Let's zoom in a little bit closer here and get a feel for these transactions these orders in here Okay, where are the majority of them taking taking place? Well, it's actually you can see in the bars You can see in the size of the dots. It's actually right around in here, right? so let's mark this area up and Keep it in mind. Okay now where it initiated here and where it dropped away from structure is is right up here Okay, so around this Let's call it 4808. It's a little a little less and then this area here is at the 40 4806 okay, and you can see how that was a little bit of resistance here But we sound we found buyers came up and we're able to trade through it And now they've tested this area. Okay. Now we see buyers have kind of peeked above that swing here what we want to determine is Are there still buyers auctioning up here or? These sellers in here that move this market lower. Are they going to start to? Offer more resistance up here. Do they want to maybe add to their? their position Hey, or are some of these buyers not willing to take this higher? Hey, well, we're getting our answer right now buyers are starting to buy higher And let's see them reach this o9 and then this 10 level as well Okay, now. This is something to to Understand in here. We're actually I'm not actually looking for the move right now right away up to 10 and we might we might get a stop Run up into there. Hey, but this has already moved quite a bit Hey, and Also, look at on how much volume it's moved back up here compared to over here Hey, so we're making a comparison between this and and and this Hey, so And there's our move to o9. Hey, and still looking for a bit higher still auctioning We're still finding buyers But we're gonna start running out of some steam here is trading into high liquidity And it's already moved a lot. Okay, so Maybe up to 10 here. Maybe a little bit higher And then then maybe we start to see it kind of Fall off here, and then maybe we'll get even a retest back down to this o8 area okay, so We're looking at it kind of a bunch of different things in here But really truly is that this this context here between the transactions at these high levels of liquidity in here and the Well, yeah, the the aggressors trading into these areas in here and this the swing here this market structure Okay, so we're understanding Some of these elements in here in terms of the move and the volume within that move All right, we've got a lot of questions a lot of welcome back Jack geez lots of stuff in here great stuff so That's over in YouTube It's like the message was retracted from Samar Marcos did I did I Answer that question for you About that. Why is this line in particular like it's typically it has to do with either one one of three things Market structure liquidity or large transactions Okay, or all three or two of those is is basically it okay Samar so you learned a lot about the auction from from From Tom. Yep. Tom is excellent with auction market theory type stuff that really fits well with the Market profile and and volume profile. It's all based upon that and We cover things in the all markets here a little bit differently and also in our education a little bit differently Let me show you Where you can find this information so go to book map calm And then it also works well very well with market profile And auction market theory. I mean, it's really the same things Is I think it's just Kind of the next layer of the onion if I may So go to book map calm click on the more button here and go to the learning center here. All right This is the markets market mechanics educational course. I would recommend that you check this out Hey, especially part one right this part one will go through details in here Here's a skew of the order book the reaction to price, etc. I mean, there's all sorts of details in here We go through Not only that In the in book map, but we have these diagrams in here That go through really kind of binary market mechanic elements. This is important to understand This is how the market moves Okay, once you start to understand this you're gonna understand. I think your auction market theory a lot better a Lot better. In fact, I'm always surprised to find a lot of people that have been studying a Market profile or volume profile an auction market theory for years do not understand some of these elements in here It's kind of shocking to be honest And they they understand like profiles quite well And understand well the auction has taken place in here more has auctioned here than up here You know, you get your B-shaped profile your P-shaped profile. You get your low volume nodes You get your high volume nodes, etc You know, you can also wait how many transactions buyers versus sellers in some of these areas Fantastic, it's good stuff. It's only transactions though and especially with volume profile Not only is it only transactions? in here it is There's no liquidity in here Okay, there's no context here Look at this context in here that we talked about at the at the beginning of this webinar And why we thought price was going to go up to 0 9 and possibly 10 Okay, and then we're looking for a bit of a pullback at that point Okay, because we know how much the market has in it There's a lot of buying that has kind of you know crept in here and has moved this market higher We're gonna get a pullback. It's trading with other traders that are absorbing not all of it But some of that buying pressure Okay, so we're gonna find some sellers come in And they're gonna like, you know pull this market back a bit. We don't know how far Hey, we need to see and gauge the auction now up here. Is it auctioning up here? Hey, yeah, it is actually we're still finding buyers up here. Interestingly enough Okay, so it's got a little more oomph left in it. Hey, maybe we can get to 11. Maybe we can get to 12 Okay, let's look at what's beneath it here Well, I don't see a whole lot of people on the bid here. Okay, oh nine oh eight half Oh eight, there's a there's a little bit in here. It's not bad Okay, but now let's start to gauge the sellers and buyers within this structure right here Hey, this is how we determine the auction All right, it is auctioning here. Hey, I'm still finding some buyers now Now we've got to be careful in here because we're we realize That a lockout filled here Hey, we realize this is a pretty strong move up into here already Hey, so we talked about this with price change yesterday. So what if we got to go through the scenarios in here? We get some buyers up in here. Well, we get a whole lot of sellers down here at 10 And then anyone who bought in here on this breakout looking for it to go higher. It's gonna be trapped Okay, we'd look for a stop run to unfold And we'd look for the move to go from here Probably down to here to begin with you know something like that Uh, and maybe it can go further, you know, maybe maybe it can make it down to here And then uh What maybe it just goes to here and it kind of bounces back up and then goes back down Right, we don't know but we're looking for these these scenarios in here Okay, and we have reasons behind it in the auction Right, so yeah beautiful p-shaped profile. Well, not not this little kind of jag in here Uh, but uh, yeah, if you're looking for uh, kind of a mean reversion trade Now you said you struggled with mean reversion Okay, well, this is where you can start to maybe add even in a trend up Uh, you know, your mean reversion would be back down into, you know, maybe here. Oh, oh nine Okay, um You know, I mean a bigger bigger mean reversion would be all the way back down here 4800 or, you know, oh one Maybe this oh four But for this smaller time frame, we're just looking for these little moves to unfold first right Make sense Okay, so, uh, I I really uh, um I encourage you guys to check this out Okay, get good at this Okay, because once you start to get good at at some of uh Um, under understanding these market mechanics, it'll put a whole spin Uh in a very positive light Uh, what you are Um looking for in the auction Okay, and therefore what you are looking for in your mean reversion trade Right Okay, I hope that helps Samar Uh, a lot of questions in here guys, so we'll continue to go through them Uh, I'm not seeing a whole lot more. Uh at the moment in here Uh, another thing like uh, uh, Wyckoff. Okay, which I I like very much Um Talking about distribution Uh mark down, uh You know accumulation to mark up uh periods. Uh, this again is how the market works. Uh, there's uh, uh, You know you consolidation breakout Consolidation breakdown Etc. So, you know putting these kinds of Concepts and ideas about market mechanics. Uh, you can extrapolate it into much higher Uh timeframes as well Okay, so here this is our pullback move that we talked about Okay, it it didn't even go back down to this swing here or even below it not yet at least Okay, starting to turn into range in here right now Okay, well who's winning the battle in the range? Actually, I see more buyers than sellers We made a higher low And let's see if we can get our our buyers are starting to come in so they now can trade to 11 and potentially break 11 now To trade up to 12 Okay, that's how it works Okay, so let's see it buyers. You've you you already took on uh 11 Okay, and then these guys in here will be fueled to the fire We're looking for stop runs and we can verify it with stops and icebergs here Uh looking for uh, uh, maybe up to 12. Let's see if there's Well, if we have 15 quite a bit of liquidity up there. That's that's a pretty big move though Okay So here we go. So strong move pull back looking for another uh move 12 looks like a pretty good area Anyway, let's see what else Okay, marcos you understand liquidity uh liquidity is very simple in terms of uh Definition terminology it's just the limit buy and sell orders in the market They're resting at specific prices that they want to transact only at those areas Okay, they are willing to sell to you up here They are willing to buy uh from you now the majority uh in these areas in here Okay, so uh, there's no More buyers than sellers in in, um Uh in in the markets Okay, what there is is more aggressive buyers That can take all the liquidity at one price level and move price to the next level And start taking liquidity there Anyway, that course will help you So, uh, let me put that course into the chat for you in fact It's free open to all Okay, so uh, really really good, uh stuff here We've had it for years now. Uh, it is evergreen content. So, uh, there it is in the chat Nice to have you in here interacting jack. Thank you Uh, and you had a great morning excellent Okay. Well, uh samar we can help you with the uh, uh breakouts. Um, no problem. In fact, I can show you even a trade example Uh and a scale in as well Lucas, yeah I'm looking at the a basic version of book map. I mean it is the book map global plus Uh, and I do have stops and icebergs down here, but uh by design. I do this on purpose uh To so that everyone could have the same version that that you're they're looking at here This is really pretty default version. Um That that you're looking at Uh, yeah, we do have this new add-on, uh trading stats in here Uh, you can see some of the trades, uh that I that I took Um, now this this works also in in demo mode, but you have to open it first All right, this is free and open to all as well. Uh, it is underneath here Uh, so configure add-ons uh, and You'll see trading statistics here Okay, and uh, there are some different settings in here Uh, and then the output is uh in a separate window here Okay, uh, you can see the um Entry time exit time. I mean there, you know, you've got basically everything you kind of need in here Uh, you you can see export all of this into an excel spreadsheet Uh, in fact, let me show you where it is, uh in in excel If you go or comma separated values go to file go to your user folder here Okay, open it up in book map Uh, and then go to uh your config folder. I believe Uh and See Yeah Customized notes No, maybe it's not in config No, here it is right here trading statistics Uh, here's your data. Here's your trades and then here's the file. Okay for the 19th right here So you can open this up. It's already in comma separated value open it up immediately in excel Okay, and you have all your trade data in there All right guys, here's our move into 12. Okay, it took a while Uh, and uh now we we want to gauge this auction up in here compared to this auction here Look at that little pivot point again Here to here This is the pivot. Okay This it's above or below this is they're buying above it. They're starting to come in Okay, if we can get a little more buying then they should be able to come up to 1250 Okay, now what if it fails they just kind of peeked up above here. What if it fails? And we get sellers here. Okay. Well, then we're looking for a seller should trade down to 0950 All right Okay, and we talked about it. We have our reasons. This has been a pretty pretty nice move here and We're up at kind of lofty areas after these moves We're looking for potential pullbacks here Okay, but we've been reading engaging the auction and we're still Still looking for it to go to the upside Uh stops and ice herds work with global or global plus Um, so no no issues there Um, it's sold separately on the book map marketplace I can show you where that is as well. Go here Uh to bookmap.com the more button in the marketplace here on the right hand side MBO bundle go go directly there Uh, and uh, you'll see it here. Okay It's actually showing all of the add-ons in here. Uh, and here it is here. All right, so click on that Uh, and um Click on that. There we go. Now it's working. Okay Uh, and uh, yeah, it's 134 a month on and this you we've added more and more value over time and Uh, I can explain The sub chart you get the stops and icebergs Uh on chart you get stops and icebergs Which I'm not showing. Uh, there's a liquidity tracker pro which you can filter Liquidity coming in you can filter for larger orders Uh, and then there's also trader map pro. Okay, you can filter the heat map It's this is a really this is new rather new trader map pro You also are going to get the um In addition to this the market pulse volume pressure We we um included that in here as well Okay, it should be in the list here Uh, but it we we added it down below Okay So here's here's our um, uh, scenario, uh, it we had to kind of rotate back and forth a little bit of distribution in here before We got this move here that we're looking for now. We're still looking for it to come lower here We're looking for the mark down phase Okay, so uh, and we might not get it actually it might be part of this bigger range right now to be honest This is a small range Okay, small range it it actually did its measured move basically Okay, bigger range here. Well, uh, yeah, you'd look for, uh Uh, something like this down in here probably but down to these swings here So maybe down to 0850 or 08 Okay Okay, and here come our sellers. So let's see if they can sell here And break the bottom of this range and this will be our markdown period down into 0950 Okay, next stop If we can get our sellers All right, uh, let's come back here Uh, no not that one this one Okay, and let me answer any more questions in here Okay, Samar. Well, we went through kind of a mean reversion trade in real time here. Um, what we'd be looking for I hope that helped Yeah, MBO bundle is sold separately. It's not included with any of the um Uh, global or global plus it'll work with in any of them though. I hope that answers your question. Uh Well, you know if you want to um Uh, Samar if you're looking for a kind of a higher probability mean reversion trade um, then Probably the easiest one to look for would be a pullback. Um In a trend I mean mean reversion, I mean what first off, what does it mean? Okay, what what does the mean mean? It means an average Okay, so it could be an um some sort of average it could be uh, uh You know the high uh volume node Could be the point of control Uh, maybe it's the um VWAP Maybe it's an an average uh moving average or something which again, I'm not a big fan of in averages Just simple reason being is There's so many of them. Which traders are looking at which In averages Well, one thing very nice about VWAP is it's one number Okay, point of control one number A one line and more traders that are looking at that the more they'll react to that Uh, here we can talk about mean reversion here at note, you know, this is uh Uh, let's kind of let's get rid of these drawings for now. I wanted to keep these two Yeah, you can get rid of uh Visually here, um Here we can talk about mean reversion and diagonal as well. Um, how do we want to Divvy this up Okay, well, you know your your mean reversion in this trend would be somewhere here, right? Hey, you pitchfork trader guys, uh, you know, you'd be looking for um, uh Buyers taking it up into high levels of high liquidity in here, but not willing to trade higher Hey that uh, they're just not willing to so you will find some sellers bring it back into Uh, the the mean in here or the most kind of traded level on the diagonal. It would be somewhere around in here Hey, just like I mean your point of control is the same thing. It's just on the horizontal All right, so uh, just keep that in mind. What what what are these things showing you? What are they telling you? Uh, and the more that you can understand it in terms of what it actually is instead of Oh, I look at this because I know a lot of traders look at this Uh, or volume profile, uh, for example Understand that okay. I I'm looking at this. I understand the concept behind it And I understand why it will trade back down in here Uh, because this is where a lot of transactions took place Okay, so in in essence, it's already done this mean reversion Uh, one of the night very nice things in volume profile Uh, in and this I think is it is a huge benefit Uh is understanding the edges Hey tapered edge explored edge up here and it just can't auction any higher just starts getting weaker and weaker In terms of transactions up in here Uh, that's when you'll find that there's no market up here. It's what is it's what is telling you Hey, it is rejecting up here and you will find sellers bring it back in Uh to the mean and the mean Again defining it here Is the most traded levels uh in here. Okay. It's kind of as in in in fact in this one here It's awful. It's like four different levels now the o 11 or the 11 here Is the most traded? Okay, but uh, you can see that there's four levels in here Okay, well, uh, you can see that their sellers are exploring a little bit below that area Okay, and seeing if there is more demand more supply in here Okay, well, where might they go if they can trade down to here and there still is more Uh supply in here, which we're finding you can see the buyers are coming back in right so, uh, what we this is We'll cover what we'd be looking for in some scenarios in here But maybe the move is done then it explored like a tick or two below here Eh, you know, it didn't find enough, right? So, uh, uh, you know that move and this mean reversion It went beyond the mean and explored the outer edge here Okay, which isn't bad here. We've got a lot of swings here and you've got, you know, kind of four levels in here, uh Of a pretty high volume Okay, so understand that the market's kind of attracted to this area in here in here because it can trade in here Okay, there's lots of people trading in here. This is value Okay, now if and you can see the buyers coming back in and they're gonna Uh disrupt this value in here Hey, they're gonna explore up here. Is it worth it again up here? Hey, can it trade up here? Hey up at 12 and a half 13 Hey so far so good Okay, so uh Now there's a whole bunch of other things that you want to look at up here Uh about liquidity context. What about the strength of this move? Uh, what about, you know, uh, these moves compared to other moves market breadth is what we're talking about in here Right, so uh, and then we start to go through scenarios then. Okay, so maybe a bit of a pullback Okay, uh, and then maybe it takes a rest and then make the trades up to 15 What would the scenario look like for it to trade to 15? Well The basic one would be high liquidity here on the offer I'm sorry on the bid underneath supporting it. I want to see these guys pull that liquidity I want this to be the target up here Uh and stay in the order book maybe even pull a little bit Uh, and then we've got to find buyers lack of sellers here buyers up here Okay to move it away from this Little area in here. We looked at previously Hey, because there's a lot of transactions in here It takes a lot of transactions to move it away from an area Okay, now did we get any of those in the scenario up here? None of them. Maybe they pulled a little bit in here. They added right back in Do we see buyers up in here? No Okay, did we get a move up here that was equal to this move here? Yeah, we did Hey, did we get buyers? No Did we see them supported in the order book underneath here? No Okay, so once we start to see some selling pick up in here and we started to see that Uh, yeah a little bit here and then maybe a little bit in here We look at, you know, this level uh, it auctioned here a little bit of selling before is there more If there are more sellers then they can take it back down into The range Okay And trade back down into these areas in here again Now look at the sellers down here Can see how it's picking up down here now Okay, so our sellers now interested in taking this lower and exploring this lower And where might they go to explore it? Well, how about your low volume node? How about this swing down here? How about this area where it broke out from in here? Okay, oh nine It looks pretty good All right. Well, let's see it There it is immediately All right guys, so again understanding some of these concepts in here, uh, you can put to work for yourself All right, um, let me see if there's any more questions Yeah, the trading status is is really nice Uh, we're going to continue to build that out al-awis Uh, and um, what is it samar mean reversion? Like I I would suggest like, you know, let's just go through mean reversion in terms of um I think what you're looking at is mostly countertrend trades Okay, or I mean like let's just go through this example and Maybe it's not a good example. It's a little more kind of complex because it's diagonal, but You know, it's trending up. It's auctioning up in here. You see the pullback here Uh, and um Into these areas in here and you see buyers coming in back again Okay, so you can trade it back up into Uh, the mean which would be, you know, somewhere around in here And try to get it to the other side of the edge and try to get a runner out of it Okay, so this way you're not it's not a countertrend trade Okay, and that might be helpful for you Okay, like like this one in here, uh as well like, uh You know exhaustion up in here looking for those sellers, but the trend is still up Okay, and we're still we found a nice cluster of selling in here, uh down to this level here Okay, but the buyers are coming right back in and they're already back here into this value area Okay, so, uh, uh, maybe Let's let's look at some clues in here That we can get back up to 13 and then maybe 15 And I don't see much to be honest Again strong bid is what we're looking for Uh, I'm not seeing anything on the bid or offer. It's just right in the middle here And we see liquidity up here at 13 and down here at eight And a little bit of action here on the offer in fact and you can see the reaction of uh sellers coming in Lucas, um In the chat What's the difference between book map global plus and mbo bundle? Well mbo bundle is an add-on sold separately Okay, it works with global or global plus now for that bundle to work That you need more than just you know book map Uh global or global plus you also need rhythmic data for futures and you can only trade CME group futures Okay, and uh and not all of the instruments offer Uh icebergs they all offer stops, but they don't all all offer icebergs Okay, so like the the currency futures do not offer icebergs Yeah, it looks like jack also uses the uh kind of uh Default book map Without these additions it looks poor. Okay. Well that that that I would really argue Um, uh, we've been going through mostly All of this up in here and and we have very barely covered stops and icebergs in here Okay, so uh all of these ideas and concepts and and uh looking for moves to unfold and how we're looking for them to unfold is based upon what we're seeing in here in bookmap chart Okay, that's um available for everybody on all different versions or packages of bookmap all right All right, guys. Well, let let me um, I also want to show another thing uh in here, uh since so we uh Kind of kind of covered this pretty well here. I think we're starting to get to the point. We're beating a dead horse uh with auction market theory Uh and all sorts of different ways Uh what to look for in here um, so let me uh jump back and um talk about some of the uh trading in here right so uh All right, so here here we have a mental move at the at the cash open Okay back and forth in here, uh, let's just go take a look here. All right Just kind of scroll back in time And let's put this in our view range It is a great tool the uh zoom by drag you can really be precise in what you're looking for Okay Once I drop it Now we got to go back and click on it and deselect it. So that's what's it within my trading um A view now was what I selected Uh, and here's our pre-market since 4 a.m. Okay east coast time Uh, and we have a bullish slant here Okay, just after seven to the upside Uh, oh, yeah, we talked about this support A resistance becoming support Okay, and this this line here because of the transactions at 4800 Uh, we we dropped it down also just to um Show it went a little bit lower in here and then it rejected We found more buyers and take it to a slightly higher high Okay, so uh Now in terms of a flag pattern in here, but we'll talk about this in a minute, but um, let me show you where You'll find um When I'm when I'm talking about it is again from book map.com Okay, go to the more button here go to the learning center here All right We already covered the market mechanics course the mark getting started course We'll just go through how to use the features in book map Uh the strategies and setups course. Let's click there Uh, and uh, we have a continuation pattern in here. There are many continuation patterns in here um, or to In general, uh, we're covering one and covering one in specific detail here the flag pattern We start with uh diagram Go through what you're looking for Okay, very important to understand that Then we go through what it looks like in book map and how to recognize it in book map compared to this diagram And then we get into the third video here, which is the most important one Uh goes through the execution Okay, we have a checklist in here that we go through there are there's like eight items in this checklist Okay, and uh, we're looking for these order flow and vents Hey made up from the market mechanics To look for a higher probability outcome Uh due to uh a momentum move in here I really Everyone refers to it as a flag pattern. It makes sense. We did this on purpose as well But who cares about what it's called? It is a strong move. It is a light pullback Okay on on low volume uh and a slight pullback Uh, and it is followed again by a strong move Okay, and identifying these in book map Once you start to go through those videos you will see the same patterns in book map in the live market Okay, here is a strong move Here is our pullback Okay, the the volume came in again here at this point Well, if it was a perfect world, we would have gotten our move right back up. This is a measured move. This is equal to this Okay And we should have gotten it here All right now. Let me show my trading All right, so what did I do now? I made a mistake in here immediately Uh, and uh, it was actually during a meeting. Uh, and uh, uh, I saw Strong move in here, and I know that this is the cash open And one of the things that we look for in the pattern is trapped buyers or sellers And there's not a whole lot in here, but there are some Okay in here trap sellers sellers sellers sellers Okay, not bad. Especially here. This is good Okay, the buyer shifted it and moved it away and look at the buying pick up above the swing in here at our 9850 level Okay, so, um The buying is picking up Hey, there's our move. Hey, there's actually a flag pattern within a flag pattern in here You can see it in here move pullback move. Hey, these are equal to all right, so Anyway, we're looking at a bigger move though, right? So here's our impulse move Long pullback actually took a while Uh, and not on the lowest volume in here. Okay, it is lower volume Uh, but uh You know it took a while and it kind of accumulated in here Uh, but I'm looking for the buyers to come back in and move This All right now let's go through the details in here because the flag pattern and the flag pattern setup we actually have Uh, as you guys know in here um, the um Really nice tool very very simple tool that uh development put together especially for us for this Identifying flag patterns in here. Hey, it's the setups. Um, and um strategies tool here or the um setups checklist tool All right, and you can check off these elements in here. Do we have trap buyers? Okay sellers. Yes, we do Okay, uh, let's grade them. How good does it look? We said it wasn't that good Okay, we do have it being the cash open though, which is you know, pretty good I would give it around a six or seven. Let's call it a six. We have a steep move in here Okay on strong volume. Yes, we do we do have that I give it like an eight Okay, uh, and now you will get better at being more objective about these things in here. Um We have a measured move. Okay. Does it reach high liquidity? Hey, no not really. Uh, it should have come up to here Okay, so we didn't really have that so, uh, we'll we'll we'll grade it and uh, um You know give it maybe like a like a five I guess. Um, or maybe even a four Uh, and then we had a slight pullback. Okay, so minor pullback. Okay, low volume and uh, and bidding up This is where I made my mistake Okay, it is important to go through your mistakes Uh, and uh, uh to see what you did wrong Okay, I made a number of mistakes in here And I just bought willy-nilly into this up at here at this liquidity This was this is really bad All right, uh, I made up for it. They actually got stopped out Uh, and I actually uh added back in uh to this, um Let's see here Uh, I got stopped out on one I added into it here and I added into it again in here All right, uh, and then I took some profit up here now. I'm going to go through why All right, and first off, let's start with this. Why why is this a mistake in here? Well, first off high liquidity okay, um and Uh, the the minor pullback in here the minor pullback still pretty good. It's less than 50 percent Uh, not much though when it finally came down here Uh, is it on low volume not the lowest? Okay, so we're going to check it here But but this is uh, not the lowest volume in here. So this is like a three or a four uh in here uh, and um And then do we have bidding liquidity in here? Did I have that in here? No Not at all all right, uh and um Uh, let's go through the last one in here for entry and these are for you know taking your profits in here um entry Large volume after absorption or exhaustion in here. Well, I kind of looked at it down here saying it's exhausting I'm looking for buyers up in here, and I'm pretty sure I'm pretty confident after this strong move. It's going to move That was my assumption. That was my entry. It was wrong All right, I did not listen and follow my plan All right, so uh, I got in here at the top of the range looking for a breakout here It went immediately against me And then my stop was down below here And I did get stopped out here right at the kind of bottom of the move in here Now here I started to see though. Okay, wait a minute mistake. I understand Here I have high liquidity Traded into it. I started to see buyers come back in in here Okay, so this was my pullback in here. I'm looking for taking it at this point. It came back down a little bit lower And then this was also not a not a really good Entry as well. I did have this on my side Uh, I didn't really have the buyers creeping back in now down here I do Not only do I have the high liquidity filled in here now? This is important to understand in here If you want higher probability entries, this is why All right, so for for all you guys in the book map academy and you're looking at this flag pattern These are the details that matter They really matter All right, so uh, uh, this is you know Inexcusable basically Uh, so this is looking much better. This is not bad. I would have liked to have seen more buyers come back in Okay, now look at the retest down here. We've got kind of an interesting one Hey, it's a it's a Variation on what we're looking for in here and it will always be some sort of variation in here for the most part 90 of the time it will be a variation in here Okay in your setups checklist High liquidity it does get filled the reaction is buyers after that We come back down here again and test and are we getting sellers? No We're getting actually buyers here at the bottom of this range Exhaustion so we have absorption here exhaustion here Once I get see the buyers come back in here. I got it Okay, um, and and this is a good entry. In fact, I doubled it. I think I got in here a couple times uh now Let's let's take a look here. So these this is not a good entry. This is horrible entry uh, and um Let's take a look at our move in here All right, and then why I took profit up here Okay, there's reasons Um after all of this in here, this is a variation again Okay after all of this back and forth in here That's not how a strong move should behave Okay, so rob I I know like I always pinpoint rob in here. Sorry rob.  Um the um Uh whatsoever, uh, just trying to uh trying to help but the um Good morning, mcloco. Welcome back. Um Anyway, the um This move in here took a while. This is not the kind of reaction we're looking for And we're looking for it to be kind of low volume. It shouldn't take a long time Uh because this is so strong in here Okay, so we can even go back and further like how much volume did we have trapped in here? It wasn't the best Okay, we did get a pretty strong move Uh, and the volume looks pretty good. The angle is steep in here pretty good In fact, this little flag in here if you guys had caught that this is fantastic Uh, you know, it is a flag pattern in here Hey, you didn't have much liquidity down here or you but you certainly have exhaustion here on the sell side Once you see these buyers come in and they take they trade into and through this high liquidity here Hey, that's that's a little bit of a hiccup in here On that smaller pattern, but now you can see they took it on and you know, there's momentum in here Okay, so you'd look for the a measured move back up into maybe some of these areas traded up to here Okay, which would be a measured move this equal to that or maybe slightly less Right now because of all this back in here it kind of We can reflect upon this strong move It makes sense Right now we have a good entry down here finally Uh after making a few mistakes and we we see it now due to All of this in here I am still looking for a momentum move to the upside Okay, it's not a perfect flag pattern, but I am still looking for buyers to move this higher Okay, does that make sense Uh to you guys like now we're looking for we can look at a kind of a more nuanced measured move in here This would be it. Okay. See how this one is kind of equal to this one where it broke out from We can take that and put it up here All right, so my expectation Uh is for to front run some of this high liquidity in here at o3 and get filled up here And I got I got it. I got lucky on that one. It filled it. All right, so Anyway, that was why I took the profit up here now. I only took partial profit here I know that there's still buyers in here. Okay. Now this is a We're taking this flag pattern uh and kind of Moving away from the definition of a flag pattern instead. We're starting to understand momentum Okay, so I am scaling in I taking some out here I'm looking for the same thing. Okay now a deeper pullback I'm getting in here Okay, can you guys see that here? All right, so I'm looking for buyers to come in. I made my mistakes in here. I'm looking for the buyers to come in here I'm looking for high liquidity And my expectations in here are even less Because this is a deep pullback Okay, so what we're talking about in here And I'll use the pen tool is um this This move here and we have a deep pullback in here, but we know there's more buyers still here Okay, you know, there's more buyers in here So we're looking for the buyers to prove themselves to start to come back in And I'm only looking for taking it up to the top of the range. That's it Okay, scaling out some more you can see I move my stop down And my stop was way up here Uh, or I might take profit. I'm sorry was way up here And it was by default Yeah, using the bracketed in orders in book map. There was no kind of rhyme or reason to it but So, yeah, I'm looking for taking some profit again off up here Okay, now you can look again to scale back in even again. I didn't I just held it at that point and Let's let's take a look So high liquidity in here. Okay on on the bid. That's good Exhaustion buyers coming back in here could be another area to look for taking it back up to the top of the range and trying to hold a runner All right, now you can see my actions were in here Uh, I front ran the high liquidity up in here by a tick or two Or actually it was up here originally. I moved it down a tick or two Uh, and and wanted a front run that high liquidity at 4806 Okay, it traded to it. I didn't get filled Uh went to a whole another pullback in here Okay, uh, and then I actually scaled in here again All right, so you can see I'm taking multiple scales in here Okay, based upon this theme of a momentum move and and kind of a loosely based a flag pattern in here All right, these are considerations Uh, and this is how if you uh can capture like this is something more advanced and and and something more you'd have to uh study and and um Look into how to reduce your risk along the way by either taking some profit and then getting back in and moving your stop up Or maybe you're just buying and holding it. I don't know whatever you're comfortable with All right, so uh anyway, um I scaled back in here. I had my reasons Traded down to here. I see the buyers coming back in again Above uh the selling in here Okay, so at this point I am looking for those buyers to take it back up into these areas here Hey, they didn't it came back down one more time Uh, and uh, and it did it again and look at look at the boost we got here Look at that high liquidity here on the bid Okay, and what's the reaction to this liquidity in here was buyers All right, so I am looking for taking it back up to the top of this range again in here And that's where I got out Right, uh, and I think that was it for the position. Yeah Yeah, that was it. Uh, and then uh, yeah Actually, this was even even during a meeting. Uh, and uh Uh, and then I you know, we had the webinar coming up at 10 All right, so Um, yeah, that that was my actions. Uh, these were my reasons. This was the two mistakes. I made especially one big mistake here Uh, and then going through and debriefing Okay, now guys if you're interested in this kind of stuff, this is exactly what we do in the book map academy All right, so uh, let me show you that if you're interested in I showed you the learning center in here We'll have all these materials in here. I want to show you the book map academy If you're interested in this, we will go through and debrief like this here But your trading activity Okay, uh jack who's uh vigorously answering lots of questions in uh, uh, the youtube here, uh is um Uh, a coach in the book map academy Other guys over in discord Uh, and al-awis we got to get you in there as a coach. Um Slowdown, um Slowdown is a coach. Uh, thank you slowdown really appreciate your comments in here. Um In fact, slowdown, um, it is is a In a like a case study example um of what This path that he followed and how he kind of moved on up to become Uh, a much much better trader Look at his content in here and what he's looking at. It's you guys should just come over to discord And book map all markets, uh bruce, uh in here as well as the book map academy Okay, uh, we have a lot of good stuff in the book map academy. Here's here's stevens Um approach in here now. Um and what he's looking for uh in here, right? So I just want to um We'll go over this in just a minute steven Uh, I I'll I'll I'll go over. I want to go over slowdown stuff. Uh in in um in a little bit more detail Um Something he did a while back actually All right, so anyway guys this just now started to make some sense in here Uh, and uh, if it does this is where to go Okay, go to book map dot com click on the more button in here under community book map academy Okay, we will do this with you Uh, and uh, here's the whole process what you're gonna get What you do what you get you can get even book map for free if you if you become an academy member You will first apply to the junior academy if you're accepted into the junior academy. You need to start proving yourself Okay, once you prove yourself, uh, you will become part of the book map academy. Uh, you can get book map for free Uh, you can get the mbo bundle for free You become a coach next step Uh, like slowdown jack stan others Uh, our coaches in the book map academy you can get your data for free Okay, you reduce your costs and now what you're doing after you've Uh become a much better trader through this process Become a coach and you become even a better trader and you come back and you help those in the book map junior academy You can become a book map academy streamer We have dug tom mobi are all coming from the book map academy They are streaming now In fact, tom will be streaming in about 10 or i'm sorry about 20 minutes or so And volume profile trader. Okay market profile going through auction market theory within there as samar had uh, mentioned earlier Okay, and understanding your trading activity and understand what you're looking for and your actions in here One of the beauties in book map is look how it's all recorded in here. This is my trade actions Okay, move my stop up reduce the risk Uh, take my profits along the way All right on to the next trade Okay Curiously enough look at the pullback here, uh after this move up into all this high liquidity been here All right Hey guys, I'm going through a lot of stuff really quickly. Uh, and uh Um, let me know if you have any questions. Um The the the strong move still continues in here We were looking for our pullback, right and we talked about where we talked about o nine We saw that unfold came back down here again Uh, and then we see the buyers come back in auction back up here again Pullback Hey auction again. Now it's now we're trending higher Okay, now we're looking for we've we've traded to our 15 level Hey, let's there's pretty good momentum here though Hey, let's see if we can get up to 18 here and looking for a really big stop run in here Okay, if we can get up to 18 All right, so because there's a lot of people Uh, they actually got stopped out in here But think of all these sellers in here and I just I see it kind of nibbling away at some stops in here, but it did You gotta probably some a really nice capitulation up here Uh, right into high liquidity at 18 Guys, it's just it's just you know, this is how the market It works. There's orders. There's people compelled to trade in certain areas All right So that was a lot. Um Let's see. Where where does that leave us? Um Oh, yeah, I wanted to show this in here About that bookmap academy And about um, steven, uh, some of your content which you've You have improved dramatically, uh, it's fantastic. It's really great to see So, uh, yeah, you got a screenshot here of some Um And notation here, um Market sell-off Your volume point of control Sellers become track buyer step in again Okay Yeah, so let's see here. Let's take a look at it now. See what the um, there's a lot on the chart here Okay, and steven is going through and identifying a lot of these elements in here. We'll Break it out into a bigger Picture here, um He's identifying these elements in here. Look high liquidity coming in Okay, at a lower level followed by sellers A high liquidity on the bid gets filled Okay, it still goes lower in some of these areas in here High liquidity on the offer pressing down Right, however, and we go back and forth in here Okay, well Do we trade down into this high liquidity on the bid? No Okay, uh, we we see some exhaustion in here at the very bottom in here Would be great if we didn't see this big transaction But look at look at the pull away here by the buyers So there's a bit of a trap in there as well Trades back up to the top of the range a bit of a pullback This is where you're going to get your stop run, uh, and your your buyers coming in if they can press this Right, uh, and they do they start squeezing people they trade into the high liquidity in here. There's our big transaction And we understand immediately. They're still more buying pressure They into high liquidity here that absorbs a little bit We get a little bit of a pullback, but there's still more buying pressure rotating back in still going higher A nice book flip steven on the offer here on the bid here Identifying all of these elements in here. This Is an important element um To do in the book map academy Okay, so, uh get good at identifying these elements. It is all based upon That course that I showed you here, uh in the learning center Okay, the um educational course on market mechanics Okay, we have the course there go check it out Uh and um Start to understand these things in here and how these markets work All right, so um Anyway, uh, yeah, you're identifying absorption absorption, uh In here with the absorption indicator And uh, also high liquidity here on that bid Okay, and get the move continuing on up. So I don't there's no trading in here is just identifying elements understanding these markets Okay, once you understand that This is where you'll go next uh is Uh on Up All right, this is from an academy presentation that slowdown put together and he went through his progress Okay, and it's right here. He also identified all of these elements on this chart Okay, he did this back in may of 2023. It was rather new to book map Look at in july He's looking now more focused simplifying knowing what he's looking for in here Uh, and uh and marking his charts up in here Okay, starting to edit Okay, very conscientiously editing out uh Information that uh is is not uh assisting him Okay, great for great second step in here That led to october here and let me show that again October 2023 Okay, so a few short months Uh from may to october So that's may june july uh august september october six months Six months and he's at this point here Look at the focus now He has a diagram In his spring, uh, he's looking at this wyckhoff spring in here Which just means in your in your distribution or your accumulation It's kind of poke below here. Maybe trap traders. Maybe a stop run and you're looking for those buyers and Samar, here's your mean reversion trade Uh, especially best if it came from an uptrend okay go with the momentum and uh First target other side of the range second target holding for a runner. Okay looking for that mark up period Okay, so uh, he knows exactly what he's looking for now. It is focused Here's his entry right here. Okay, beige triangle perfect entry after that poke below here Uh, and uh the rejection here the stop run here identifying the stop run as well beautiful Okay, and the move upwards Uh, even this even a pullback in here, but he knows like, you know, there's he sees these buyers coming in Uh, he's looking forward to come back up to the top of the range Okay, uh, and I'm sure like, you know reduce the risk, you know stop probably down here Uh, you know bottom of the range in here Okay, note note where this this pullback came as well, uh here It came down to where it broke below the range in here. There are reasons for this Okay, so we look for those buyers to come in you can even add into your position back up into here And now I don't recommend any of that immediately take a while But this is where you start to leverage things and you can really really, uh, make some gains And reduce your risk along the way okay So, uh, this process in here is, uh It's exemplary, uh, and I I'm really hoping that we can offer, uh, precisely that to you guys I mean, I it's here in the bookmap academy come take advantage of it Uh, you know get involved It's free. Okay. There's f aqs in here after you read through this f aqs at the bottom down here All right, so, uh, lots of, uh, uh, learning in here, uh, going through people's, uh You know, or academy members content in here giving feedback giving coaching, etc Uh No, Stephen, like you're you're bouncing back and forth between, um, this, uh, area here Which is super important. So I I think it's good that you're you're doing this, uh, still But I've seen you get way more focused now too. So you're kind of in between Um, these two areas now, uh here and you're more here, uh in the refinement period in here Okay, so yeah, this one is, uh You know more along the lines of the the first period of, uh, um You know identifying elements Okay, but uh, no, you're definitely uh in that second period And you know what the thing is it's only taking you like, I don't know a month or two, right? That's amazing You know, I think you know a little bit of support and some coaching some mentoring Uh, and uh, that's that's all you need Right to to get there. Uh, it's fantastic All right See here, um Just checking was crash in here See, uh, I see Tom nice Trader he nice. Thanks guys Um, so, uh, McLoco really nice to see you back Where you been? Uh, so, um Yeah, and a lot of academy members in here too guys, which is great, uh, so, um, let let's um I don't see crash. I wanted to go through well. We went through a nice example yesterday So maybe I'll just have to find it and I'll I'll put it in here for you guys in discord Uh, but looking at the market pulse We're looking at two elements in here some of these elements. We were talking about already Okay about this move higher Uh, and we talked about, um Uh Price change, okay, or like, you know, how much market breath or Um Out of a move can we get the market only has so much buying and selling pressure?  Uh, also changes Uh, uh, however, this is why, you know, we can kind of lean on and start to understand price moves at r etc And um, uh, it this is great. Uh, so that price change Um Market pulse algo works really well with that And then we're looking at that with absorption and also for sweeps Okay, so and and combining those two together Uh And capturing some really some pretty nice moves, uh, and that that market pulse tool there's like we continue to go over it because There's a lot of use case scenarios that we haven't really uncovered yet and they're really simple and straightforward Uh, and um, it works amazingly well all within the The order flow in here, okay the order flow the transactions In the market structure All right, so uh, the the nice thing about the um, uh, market pulse tool as well I'll just add one in here right now um, is you can get some, um Some alerts on this Okay, so it looks like I have sweeps on here already Hey, we'll look at Price change. Uh, I'm gonna jump over just the volume pressure imbalance. This is the one that, uh, A lot of people really like when I like it very much too Uh, but we've been coming to these other ones and finding some really good use case scenarios All right, so here here we're looking at volume pressure. Okay. Well here here. It's already hitting 70 percent Okay, selling coming in after a pretty big move now. Okay. Now. Here's your mean reversion type of idea in here Okay, now just be careful. We're still in an uptrend Okay, so uh, uh, where where might we be going here? Well, let's take a look Okay, uh, we can start to look at Um, I don't know Uh, maybe it's already done. It's kind of mean reversion. All right, so um In in a trend at least Okay, so maybe the top of this range in here. Maybe just a bit more Uh, bigger picture, uh, well how about down to this swing? It looks pretty good Do we have enough selling pressure to reach down down to these areas in here? Okay, and you can see already here Traders coming in providing liquidity at 13 A little bit right right there and also some down here now too Okay, so again take some of these ideas And you can make them actionable in here Uh looking for some of these moves to unfold Okay, all within the context of the things we were talking about earlier In this um in this auction. Ah, let's see. Um Yeah, I think we've covered, uh, just about everything. Um Yeah, anyway guys, we'll go over this maybe more on Friday. I just wanted to mention I'm looking for crash in here Uh and going through some, uh, I guess he's he's away right now, but uh, uh looking for more kind of um Uh use case scenarios in here, uh, and I'll I'll post it into the the chat here for you guys as well Okay Let's see. What do you what do you say? Uh, mclocal felt like bookmap had a lot of upgrades.  I'm I'm telling you like You know Wake up in the morning and and it's like, oh You know christ, there's a there's a new new, uh new thing they're working on Um and uh and say hey, you know, can you can you uh, uh check this out? And it's like wow, okay Uh, so we've got like five or six, uh algos in the market polls tool here a lot of flexibility, uh, and um Uh, we also have this trader map pro tool, uh as well Guys as part of that bookmap academy you'll get access free access to those Okay, when they're in beta Uh, and that's another benefit as the academy member that you guys get All right, so, uh anyway, um Let's See what other questions we have in here Khalid you trade options. Um, sure. I mean, uh, there's a lot of options traders that use bookmap as well Uh, in fact, let me show you from the learning center. Um Here okay, if you if you go back to the home page here on the learning center Oh Tab, uh, you'll see it here. Okay. Just look at all the streamers and traders we have in here Hey here dug Uh options and stocks Uh options millionaire futures and auk options uh, and um Uh, I think a little bit of some some of the other guys in here also, uh, look at some of the options every now and then I know j trader does uh for stocks Uh, and maybe maybe scott does uh as well. I'm not not sure about that Uh, anyway, you can find them on the calendar here. Doug is uh later today. He's every day Uh at 130 p.m east coast time uh, and then um Uh, we have options millionaire here Uh at 1 o'clock p.m on thursdays Okay, uh c m j your question. Do developers have a best practice document? Um, I mean usually what we Um, they're the ones putting together the um, not so much best practices, but uh, um There might be a little bit of that Is mostly though from the knowledge base. Yeah, there you go. Uh, uh, thank you a luis. Uh, he's thrown that the link in there for you Hey And let me see if there's any more questions and we got to wrap it up Okay, great. Uh, looks like, uh I'm or fatty like you looked at the uh, uh course again, uh, kind of refresh That's great. Yeah well you know you you you You're talking you're asking about like a stop run, uh, and um You know the the the red line in here in the stop run in here, um And you're asking about what exactly it is. Well, I mean we don't know if it's actually Um, we know it's a stop run. We can see the cascading stops Um, we don't know if it's a larger player that might be just hitting the market buy or sell button Um, that has so much liquidity that they move the market away. Okay on based on the the amount that they're trading Uh, or if it is lots of stops That are triggered with maybe some sort of action that kind of initiates that And then triggers stops, uh For several ticks as well um So, uh, yeah that actually we know we can see the the stop transactions. That's what's important Uh, we can we know that it's a stop transaction All right All right guys. Well, uh, let's uh, let's wrap it up here. I think I've gotten to most of your questions. Um the um uh Oh Look on the calendar again here. So, uh, tom b is up next We are here tuesday. Okay the 19th So, uh, here's tom b traders lab next crypto lifer after And then dug with options. We have patrick and uh, brazilian markets and round out the day into the close with the algo boys Okay, so, uh, if you guys are interested in more events in here, we have them daily Please come and and check them out. All right. Thanks guys. Thanks for coming and uh, we will catch up with you Uh on friday with all markets, uh, we have uh j trader tomorrow at this time and then scott will see you on thursday at this time Okay. Yep. Thanks for coming. Please, uh, subscribe hit the subscribe button here in youtube Uh, that always helps us And uh and the like button that we're doing a good job in here with some of this content Okay. Yeah, take care. Bye. Bye


We have so many donations, we all have had blood donation, helping someone to study, helping someone to get married, many things in life. But of all the donations, if you look at, Agon donation probably stands the highest level. Because we might have any amount of money, many things can be bought, even in health, with money. What we cannot certainly buy is an organ. This has to be donated. And we know today that there are so many diseases which affects different important organs of our body like kidney, liver, lungs, heart. There are multiple things. And when these organs finally end their life, they do not function anymore. Some we can support for some time, but many organs we certainly cannot. There comes a time in our life they need to be replaced with the good ones. But where do they come from? Now current technology certainly nothing is very close where we can grow these organs in tissue culture and implant them. The only way we can get them today is by donation. Now when I talk of donation, you know who can donate? Any healthy, young individual whose organ is good can donate practically. Now when it comes to my own specialty, for example, heart, there are so many conditions which probably make heart dysfunctional over a period of time. Some come from birth, some we acquire as we live our life. Now many things now we have heard, coronary artery disease, heart attacks. We have different treatments for that, but eventually some of these patients would land up with heart failure where none of our known therapies would help them to survive longer. There are small children who are born with weakness of the muscles of the heart called as cardiomyopathy. There I think at certain stage in their life there is nothing which works. The only thing which can make them survive and see their next years probably is a heart transplantation. Unlike other organ donation, organ like heart comes only from brain dead donors. There is nothing called cadaveric donors at this moment.  That is how it works in the heart, unlike kidney or probably liver to some extent even lung. But once a new heart comes into one's own chest, his life completely changes. He can be a normal fellow for next 10 years, 15 years.  So gift of an organ is certainly more than gift of a life.  There are so many of them today, even in our own city, who have got this in our own hospital, who have got this in reading completely normal, satisfied life. Unfortunately, when you look at the amount of people who require it, but amount of people who are donating it, there is no match at all. Now every single hospital probably would have around 8 or 10 patients on the waiting list, but on average we may get one or two donations in a month in a big city like Bangalore, where we do see significant amount of people having brain deaths. Instead of putting these organs to mud or burn them, I think we probably should start thinking towards donation. That can cause a huge difference. All of us can donate different organs. Suppose if I am a little eng, I can probably donate all my organs. If I am less than 50-55, still I can donate my kidneys. If my heart condition is good, yes, heart can be donated. My lungs can be donated. My liver can be donated. It is possible. Only I think once age crosses 60 or 65, those organs probably may not be the best one to go into an anger person's body. The important message we want to give on this important day is that think about organ donation, plan about it. There are legal ways of going about it. We can designate that in an unfortunate event of my death, probably my organs can be donated. We can pledge your organs even before we see a bad end.


This screencast is going to be about complex reactions, so we've done a little bit in the lectures about how you would actually go about doing it. Just this is sort of a recap and some extra detail about it. So if you're struggling to understand why we're doing this, this is going to be quite useful for you, hopefully. And if you think it's quite easy to do, stick around to the end when we do this whole modelling thing. It's an interesting approach to it that I think you might get some use out of. So what we're going to actually cover, we're going to start with reaction complexity. What is a complex reaction in our case? What are we talking about? And then we're going to build up complexity in a few steps. So what I'm going to do is build up the ideas behind the complex reaction bit by bit. The simplest version, equilibria. And then two step reactions, then more than two steps. And then modelling. So we're going to model a far more complex reaction. And that's kind of close to how you would probably do it in research. The two quick definitions I want to cover first. One, this concept of an analytical solution. So an analytical solution is something that is exact. We start by manipulating our maths and our symbols together. And then we have just a simple equation that predicts something. Gossadoni works for a limited number of variables. So a good example of an analytical solution is a first order integrated rate law. So you've come across this equation before. This predicts the concentration of a at time t based only on the starting concentration, the rate constant and at time. Now these, the rate constant and the starting concentration are effectively constant. They are data points that we can find out quite easily. The only variable is time. We just need to take this equation and plug time into it. And we can figure out the concentration of a at any time. 10 seconds from now, 10 minutes from now, 10 hours from now, 10 days from now. Doesn't matter. This will go on forever. In fact, we don't even really need to know the concentration that starts with. We could set that to 100%. And next we have the numerical solution. In this case, we actually do approximation. So we wouldn't be building an equation like this. We would be figuring out what is the concentration a second from now, then two seconds from now, then a second after that. We do it step by step, calculating actual numbers out. Now that has actually an advantage that it works pretty much for everything. We can do numerical solutions for any equation. We like no matter how complicated. If you want an analytical solution, you usually need to have only simplified things. So in this case, we've only got time as a variable. We've only got one concentration and so on. So analytical solutions are really nice, but they are limited in use. So the entire point of this whole complex reaction section is to produce analytical solutions for our rate of reaction or our concentrations. This is what we're aiming for. We've got complicated reactions and we're going to manipulate the symbols that we used to represent them, all the maths, and throw them together to figure something out. What is the rate of reaction? Can we predict it using just time? And when we get on to modelling at the end, that will be the numerical solution. So you don't really need to know any of that, but it's useful anyway. So reaction complexity. So, you know, we can start with a simple reaction. We can make it really complicated. We can make it really, really super complicated and we can tear our hair out thinking about how complicated is this. We can't really do anything about it. But the idea, again, with this topic is to try and simplify it down to much more simple solutions. So here's an example of a reaction that could be complex. I gave you some data associated with this in a workshop. It's a simple elimination. We are eliminating a phenyl ligand and a hydride ligand to form benzene. Those are just coming off and reforming benzene. So that would be simple first order kinetics. If we have time, we have a concentration. It will decay exponentially. That is a terrible exponential curve. I will draw it again. And if we took log of that concentration, positive against time, you would get a straight line. And then our gradient is equal to minus rate constant. Great. This is really easy. Except in reality, the actual reaction we're looking at looks like this. So we can just give you a second to digest what's going on here. There's a lot going on. For instance, what we're actually looking for, everything is in equilibrium. And there are forward and backward reactions everywhere. There are two isomers that this can form. One of these isomers can actually eliminate, not directly, but by undergoing something called migratory insertion. So that ligand goes into there, and then it eliminates a pencil to hide. So there are two pathways that this could actually go back to the starting material. So things get a little bit complex. And we need to take into account all of this at all at different times. We could do some simplifications. We can assume the equilibria don't play too much of a part. We can assume that some rate constants are slow and so on. But this is the kind of thing you need to take into account when we're dealing with complex reactions. So this is really the highest level of how complicated things can get. I mean, there's a little bit more complicated ones out there, but this is probably the most realistic, most complicated example. Anyway, we're going to start with the simplest thing. That is the irreversible reaction. This is the very model of first order kinetics. We've got concentration inside. And we can just call this molar proportion. Percent makes it really easy along the bottom T. And we realize that the products, they go down the reactants. And this is why you don't just do things on autopilot. The products go up. The reactants go down. There we go. It's that way around. And what you'll notice is by the end, there's 100% product, 0% reactants. So this is the kind of thing where maybe this is a gas and it escapes. So there's no way it could come back and reform the starting material. It goes entirely in one direction. Or maybe the equilibrium constant is in the millions or billions. And the energy difference is huge. So this is very simple. And we can model that really, really straightforward. The rate, we define the rate as negative of the reactants, positive of the gradient of the products. And that is equal to K times A. First order kinetics. All that rate depends on is the concentration of this. Nothing else. So the next layer of complexity to add is equilibria. So we covered this basically in the thermodynamic section. Because equilibria are based around some thermodynamic parameters. And equilibria can tell us a little bit about this. So let's look at this exact same graph again. We start with 100%, 0% here for our concentrations. And the products come up. But only to about what? That might be about 70%. And therefore this is 30%. So clearly there is something else going on here. There must be some kind of backwards reaction. Some of this is going backwards in this direction. It's reforming the starting material. And that will then go to, well, not necessarily completion. Only to this 70%. There's still some of the reactant left. So there's a little bit of complexity added there. So here we find what is the rate. We need to figure out what actually changes the concentration of A and B here. So we can find for instance, let's think about what changes the concentration of B. There are two reactions that are going to do that. One, it's formed from A. It goes forward. And that's a first order reaction. What's the rate of change of that? It's equal to K1 times A. It's a first order reaction. And then we've got a backwards reaction. And that's also a first order reaction. It's K minus 1 times the concentration of that. So B changes according to these two. And it appears or disappears. The concentration increases at that rate. It decreases at this rate. And so what we get is this kind of thing. We add them together. Now, in this case, these two equations I've got on screen are exactly the same. I'll just reverse the positive and negative of them. So this is just to underscore the fact that both are perfectly valid. But you need to be aware what would you define the rate as. So you define the rate of reaction as negative and then positive. So we get this one. But if we're actually just straight after the gradient of the reactants, for instance, it's the other way around. So that should be hopefully easy to follow. But don't get booked down if you see negatives or positives reversed at some point. It all depends on how you want to define your rate in the first place. Again, if you get something like A going to B or something like this, you might find factors of two make their way in different places. Same kind of thing. They're all equally valid. Just be careful about how you define it in the first place. So what kind of assumption can we make to make the equilibrium really easy? We can assume that it is at equilibrium. So at equilibrium, there is no change in their concentration. They are equal. They have stabilized. So our rate of change is equal to these two things added together. And finally, we can stick a number on. We can say it's equal to zero. So this is a kind of a recurring theme in the multi-step reaction and equilibrium and so on. Set it to zero. So we're saying there is no change in these concentrations at all. So that means, by extension, the forward and backward reactions are happening at the same speed. k1 times A, that forward reaction, and k minus one times B, that backwards reaction happening at the same speed. So we can stop manipulating these symbols around and get us some new information. And that's what we get down there. So we could take B over to the other side and then k1 to the other side. And we get that equation down there. Storm is really picking up outside it. We get this. So one information to that tell us two concentrations over the top of each other. That is equal to big k, that equilibrium constant. So that's how we start getting thermodynamic parameters from kinetics and relating kinetics to thermodynamics. So let's just kind of review this. We're looking at rates of reaction, rates of proportional concentration, i.e. this, that's what we should know. In equilibrium, there are forward and backwards reactions. So the reaction disappears at one particular rate and it reforms at another rate, backwards reaction. So at equilibrium, our rate is zero. So, well, our overall rate of change, we have to add the two things together. All of the processes that form something we add and we add all the processes that remove this one. So those are two things that's added together. The overall rate is zero in equilibrium and we can start manipulating numbers and rearranging them. So let's go on to two step reactions. So this is the next step up from just equilibrium. It's only a little step in fact because we're only looking at two rate constants again. This time we'll call them K1 and K2. Just to recap the name scheme thing, we can in fact call that KAB to prove that it goes from A to B or KBC and that shows that it goes from B to C. They're just naming schemes. You can use anything you like. We are dealing with three chemicals here but two reactions, so it's not going to be too much more complicated than the equilibrium case. So our rate, we want to define it just in terms of the initial product, initial reactants and by the final product, that's all. So we're only interested in that as far as the rate of reaction is concerned. We don't really care about these intermediates but we do care about the rate of change of everything in between. So DA by DT, how does A change? Well, there's only one reaction that alters the concentration of this and that is the first order reaction where A goes to B. So that must go at minus K1, A. A of reactant will decrease at a particular first order rate. Next, let's go to what does C do? Well, that is produced only by one reaction and that is a first order reaction that depends on the concentration of B. So it's kind of the opposite. Imagine if we just went from A to C not via B at all. These would be what we got. What we'd get out of that. DB by DT, this is slightly more complicated though because we have two reactions that change the concentration of B. One, it grows by a first order reaction and what is that first order reaction? Well, it depends entirely on the concentration of A. So that's K1. A, great. That's pretty much the opposite of this. So this is what we'd expected. That was just a single step reaction that was irreversible. But B is removed by another reaction. K2, multiply by the concentration of B. So we've got this reaction that increases the concentration. That reaction then decreases it. So this is the final result of what we're looking for. Again, two reactions change the concentration of B. So that's a little bit more of a complicated formula. Now, the thing we want to assume is something called the steady-state approximation. And that's to say that the rate of change of B is zero. Again, just like the equilibrium case we are setting something to zero. Really useful for us because that allows us to start moving things around. So if that is equal to zero well, these two rates must be the same. So that tells us that we can rearrange these formulae if dc by dt is equal to this rate constant. Well, we can actually just substitute that in for this. There we go. So if the rate of B doesn't change it's concentration doesn't change. It's rate of change is zero. Then here we have that's an analytical solution. The changing concentration of our final product is only equal to one rate constant and a. Now there are a couple of caveats as to why that works. This has to be really slow and this one has to be really fast.  A goes to B really slowly and then B almost instantly reacts to form C. Well, B hardly has any time to accumulate. It doesn't change. It's just hanging around there very, very briefly. So this makes some sense. If it was the other way around, you could kind of imagine what's going to happen. Imagine this happened really quickly. It just disappears to form B but this one is really slow reaction. Well, in which case our B appears really quickly and our rate of C's formation will probably only be k2B. And by the time the steady state approximation in this is the only rate we're interested in. So there's a few things going on. Remember there is not always one size fits all. So what you need to be able to do is happily manipulate these numbers and then predict what happens if one rate constant is a lot higher than the other. Or what happens if they're equal? So let's just review the two step reactions because we're cracking on quite nicely here. We define the rate first. That's always our first step in kinetics defining the rate. And we just ignore the intermediates here. The concentrations, it's not worth bothering about one. We just want to define a rate because our rate of reaction is defined as really just the products or initial reactants changing. But we are interested in what is the rate of change of that intermediate because it tells us something about the other rate constants. So b increases at a rate of k1a, b decreases at the rate of k2 times b and those are added together. Just kind of like in the equilibrium case we are adding things together. And then finally we can simplify things using this steady state approximation. So we assume there's no change in b so it's always going to be equal to zero. Therefore we can say that those are the same. And then again we start rearranging things. We can insert wherever we see k1 multiplied by a we could insert that or vice versa. This is really all about your skill in manipulating the equations. So it is a bit of algebra in mathematics but it is something you need to practice. So this topic really is skills based. It is not something that you can just learn. You really just need to be able to manipulate equations. And then always immediately straightforward or obvious but you can probably get 99% of that with just a few tricks. So now we are going to do multi-step. So I have gone up in complexity again and basically combined equilibrium two-step reactions here. So this we are now looking at three reactions. We are looking at a forward one that is labelled as k1, a backwards one labelled k-1 and a second reaction. So a and b are in equilibrium maybe they are two isomers but only one isomer reacts. So this is kind of similar to that rhodium example I showed you in the beginning two of them are in equilibrium but only one actually reacts. So we have to take into account this. So again our rate is defined as only one. The starting material and the end product is that is fine. So let's start with the easiest one. What is the rate of changes? So this is really really easy. There is only one reaction changes the concentration. See that is positive because it increases k2 b. Really easy. That is the easiest reaction there. So if you are building up a reaction scheme look at the easiest ones. What is the material that only changes according to one reaction? Start with that one then write it down. We now know this is a first order reaction that is true. So let's start with the second easiest one our initial reaction. So that is the second easiest one because there is only two reactions that changes concentration. One that decreases it. That is the first order reaction that it eliminates and one that we will do that at the right very end one that puts it back. So k-1b that is going to increase the concentration k1a that is going to decrease the concentration. So that is our second example. Finally the intermediate. This one is probably the more difficult one because there is now three reactions that changes concentration. One that lowers it. Another one that lowers it and one that increases it. So b can disappear at a particular rate but it goes in two directions. It can't go over to c or it can go back to a and b can only be increased by this one reaction here. So while it's a little bit more complicated the same principle applies exactly. We are adding all the processes that it can be reformed with and then subtracting the processes that remove it. And if we apply the steady state approximation we can set that all to zero. That allows us to start doing it again. Some manipulation of the numbers to make a few other predictions. Can we get rid of the intermediate when it comes to the formation of our product for instance? So we know dc by dt is equal to k2b. Can we get rid of this b by using this approximation? Yeah we can kind of deal with that. So we start with our basic rate law that we've set to zero because we're going to assume that this doesn't change. And then we arrange it. So we bring this to one side and then I'll flip the sign so we have k1 must be equal to this and k1a we can bring b out as a common factor here and then just simply do a little bit of rearranging so we bring that to that side. And there we have it k1 over k-1 plus k2 times the concentration of it is what the concentration of b is. Great so that's really useful. So now if we can say that dc by dt is equal to k2b we've got a formula for what b is based only on one other thing. We can combine that in together. So now our rate of change is a ratio between different rate constants in the reaction which is still just a constant and a. Now at some point you might recognise a little bit of a overlap with what might be called the pseudo first order approximation that is kind of the equivalent of k observed. If we were to plot this the rate is equal to that so it means if we plotted say log a over time we would get a straight line out and that gradient would be equal to k-plots that observed rate constant. Now that is not necessarily saying it as a first order reaction exactly that k-obs would be equal to all of those rate constants put together. So there is a limited amount of data that we can actually begin to extract out of this reaction but the numbers might break down a little bit differently. So let's just kind of review that now. It's been quite a long and arduous screencast I think. We are looking at multiple rates of change. So for instance the equilibria means we can do forward and backwards reactions so I think label the rate constants. I am dealing principally with k1 k-1 for a backwards reaction and so on. We can still do kab kba kbc that kind of thing. Maybe experiment with that if that makes more sense to you use that and we can use the steady state approximation. So if we are talking about two-step and multi-step this is the one we are interested in. The intermediates don't change and now if we assume that it means we can ignore them because if we look at how those equations will all be manipulated together we are finding that if that intermediate here is equal to the change of the intermediate is equal to zero we can start plugging different values in and it turns out we don't need to know that concentration. So most of the time as far as you are all concerned that's what you are trying to do. We are trying to get an analytical solution to what is the rate of the reaction and the way we approach that is by assuming certain rates don't change. It gives us a little chink into the equations that lets us rearrange them. So complex reactions. We are looking for analytical solutions to predict a rate of formation and our main approximations are the equilibrium one and steady state. So we can approach those in different ways. Then we want to do mathematical manipulations in order to get things. This is of course really important. There is not one thing you have to memorize as a procedure here. Yes, if you want to get a rate constant, yes, plot log over you get a gradient. That's a procedure. Dealing with complex reactions is a skill. It is manipulating equations. You might find yourself going down on a completely wrong track. You might not be able to figure out how things cancel. You are building analytical solutions here. They are a little bit tricky to deal with. So unfortunately that is just how it works. There is no one way of memorizing. There are a couple of tricks. Equilibria, steady state and so on. But you just have to learn some maths and some algebra to manipulate things and that's it. So that's kind of it for complex reactions. That's all you really need to know. The rest is just practice. What I want to go on to now is modelling. So this is a little bit of an extension. If you are struggling to kind of get into your head how we would do this in reality this might still be useful for you. If you are finding the complex reactions kind of easy. This will be a nice extension. If you are finding complex reactions really hard to a degree this is such a simpler then we are going to do a numerical solution. So I introduced that concept at the beginning that we have analytical solutions and numerical solutions. This is the numerical side. So what we can kind of see is this is kind of a real issue reaction that is two step and what were we assuming before? We were assuming the dB by dt equals zero. Now if you look at this graph that's clearly not the case at all. This is zero well there and here. So that is roughly to zero and very for only a couple of seconds in the action and by the time it proxmits to zero the reaction is pretty much done. So that assumption half the time is actually quite useless to us it's not really brilliant. But there are too many variables in here to make an exact analytical solution. So we are going to model it step by step. So where do we start with this? One thing is to start with kind of the integrated rate law because this gives us a little bit of a hint of how we are going to do this. So you should be used to at least integrating a rate law like this. You go from time zero to time t. That's how we deal with an analytical solution. We are only interested in the initial conditions and then we can plug any value of time into it to get a concentration out so we solve that. But there is a more generic way of doing this. Zero and t are the only kind of limits that we can stick into this integration. We can actually stick in these. This is t and t plus delta t. In fact this is the more generic version. This is that's t and that is t plus delta t but the delta t is much bigger and t is zero. So this one at the bottom here is the much more generic solution. So it tells us we can actually kind of integrate it just in tiny little steps. We can see what's the rate of change over maybe a second and then the next second. Then a second after that. Or maybe we can do even in smaller discrete chunks. A tenth of a second, a hundredth of a second or so on. So this is kind of the starting point of how we want to figure this out. We want to break the reaction down into chunks of time because we're doing a numerical solution. So this is going to be a model or a simulation. What happens from one second to the next? So that is sort of the starting hint of how we're going to do this. So if we integrate this, we can find the concentration of a based on whatever it was at the beginning. Here we find what's the concentration in a second's time based on what was well now. Or what's the concentration now based on a second ago. Either way it's the same. These values are entirely arbitrary. This is just the most generic version of the one you used to see. So now let's start with what these rate laws are. So we covered these rate laws. Now what happens to these equations if suddenly we start integrating into small chunks of time? Well, these actually become meaningful. We can change this dt to literally one second. So this rate of change tells us how far does this change in one second? Okay, so maybe it's time well maybe 17 seconds into a reaction. This is at 75% concentration. 18 seconds. It's at 68% concentration and so on. That is literally a step change of reaction. We've got delta t there and then concentration. So we can actually stick actual values in there. So this is going to be an approximation show and I'll get onto consequence of using the approximation in a moment. But they are physically meaningful values. So if that means this is an actual change in value over a particular set of time it gets us something like this. Here's the concentration we started at. At that change in concentration and that gets us what's going to be. So maybe 10 seconds into the reaction there's 0.5 moles. 11 seconds into the reaction there's 0.6 moles. Then dA by d. 1 second is equal to 0.1 moles. So you can actually stick actual numbers into this and work it out. Now because of this first-order equation we can actually substitute that speed for something a bit more precise. So actually, look at this, this actually becomes really really simple. The concentration at any particular time is equal to the concentration that it was before minus the rate law. That's really easy, that's very linear basic equation. It's a little bit complex to get there but it's really easy equation. Now that means we can actually apply it. So let's just assume that this is 100. So I'm not going to stick units on this, I just have a nice round number to illustrate this. This is a schematic. So our rate of change is equal to k1 times a and our k1 I'm going to put it as 0.1 per second. So I'm now going to multiply that by the time. We're going to advance this forward by 1 second. So that's really just kind of our change is going to be that times 1. So we're going to just ignore that for now. So 1.1 times the concentration 10. So a tenth of this is going to react. So we actually want 100 minus 10 and that's 90 and then that will move to B. We've done something like this. So these are the numbers. This we've literally changed to 90 and then moved to 10 here. Okay, so what's changing the concentration to be? We've now got this to change. Well, we've got a rate that increases concentration at any rate that decreases it. Previously we couldn't change this because this concentration was 0. That was equal to 0. So it meant nothing. But now k2 is here. So we're going to add what? 0.1 times 90 at that and we're going to subtract that 0.05 times 10. So fill that in as necessary. So I've pretty done this. Remember we've jumped this is going down by 10% each time and adding to here and then this number is at the same time going down as it transfers to C. So we are doing this step by step by calculating that out and by treating this changing concentration as an actual number. Now here's the caveat to this. So you could type these equations into a spreadsheet, no problem and do it or you can do it by hand. Certainly easier in a spreadsheet because then you can drag down and do hundreds of data points at once. Here's some manner caveats to it. Notice here I've taken my delta T as one second. That's fine but here's delta T at 5 seconds. So I'm actually I've gone ahead and done this in 20 separate steps and my concentration predicted to be 12.16. Here I've taken delta T as chunks of 5 seconds and it goes to 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.2. That's a huge disagreement. So when I say that numerical solutions are an approximation this is why you are actually deviating a little bit from the exact analytical solution each time. This is much more widely applicable certainly and you can minimise the effect of this certainly but it is going to be there if you try this method. So it's deviating quite a bit from this. In fact let's change this again. What you might see is that we've got one second, half a second and we do a step change so this requires twice as many steps now. We're subtracting this times one second and subtracting that time to 0.5 seconds we get slightly different but the agreement is a little similar at least it begins with a 12 but it is very different. Now the reason for that is because the analytical solution that first order rate integrated rate will reach delta t as if it was 0 that's what we do when we integrate things we are treating this kind of steps the steps as kind of infinitesimal in size. So it's a little bit mathematically if that's even a word and you can see there's a little difference we go to 13 which we go forward. So what we can see is there's actually a progress here progression here at 5 seconds we estimate that it's 6.25 if we simulated one second intervals 12.16 we estimated half a second interval was 12.85 and if we assume that 0 seconds this is our analytical solution it's 13.5 but actually gradually increases to this number so the shorter that delta t is in our simulation the closer to the real value we get so if you there is an additional maths video added on about e and exponential solutions you should be able to spot kind of a similarity here that exponentials equation the one with e in it is where the limit of the step changed goes towards 0 so that whole progression is useful. So anyway let's just assume that this is meaningful quantity and we're going to pick a time scale of one second so our reaction lasts an hour one second is pretty good that gives us a couple hundred data points to simulate then we build the model and then every change changes by d by dt so we take time times that rate of change times dt and we substitute it in for the rate law so we can see that it will change by this all that and for really complicated reactions we could just make that as big as we like you know k3a minus k4 ab or something like that these things could get really complicated all we're doing is bolting on more rate laws so that's kind of where it's simple we're bolting on the rate laws really so that could be as huge as we like and we go through and simulate it and we can get the rate constants just by manipulating the numbers and our simulation getting it to match data so that's probably another video's worth of material but this is modelling it's one way of approaching it as a numerical solution but as I said earlier what we're really interested in in this topic what you're expected to do in an exam is still just the analytical solutions from here