Hi everybody it's Sam at Mixed Up Crafts so this week has been a good week so first up I'm going to show you which is a bit of a funny story so as a lot of you now know that watch these what did I get videos me and my mum pretty much every week we'll go to our local charity shops and we always go in this particular one we go straight in we turn left and we go straight to like the brick of rack and that's where like the craft stuff is and my mum just made a beeline to this basket before I was even able to blink and started pulling all of this tonic studio stuff out and I was like oh my god really like fighting each other to get into this basket anyway she scored big so none of this has been opened it's all brand new still in its packaging 50p each and here is just a lovely little ladybird so you've got the stamp and then the die so you can cut the frame out or you can just use the die and die cut it in black and in red and you'll have like a solid ladybird so yeah really nice 50p then this one here so you've got the stamp and the die and it's a really nice size the die in there I think these have all come from creating craft because there was a lot of stuff in there by creating craft which wasn't really our style so we've kind of left that however these I think were a bundle maybe on the kind of craft channel but this the you from what I can see because I haven't opened it obviously it's not mine although I will borrow it it's three inches so it's three by one and a quarter so it's a really nice size and the idea is is that you mix these all together so then she picked up the four again exactly the same then the hugs then you've got eye is an and really handy and then you've got miss so we were then kind of laughing saying right what can you what can we have then so you've got eye I miss you for you hugs for you there's just so many different ones and I'm sure there's probably even more to go with this because on the backs here it says that I miss you so we've got the eye and we've got the you and then that one is love and hugs so that's right yeah we've got that I love you we've got for you I've said and then you've got love is and all those kind of things so I thought they were brilliant so yeah she paid 50p each for those which is a bargain as you know for tonic studios and then the lady bird and then also there was this here so this is the Sheena Douglas or Sheena by Sheena Douglas and this is the gray rubber so you've got to make these yourself but it's really cute so you've got the fairy here and there's the stamps but then you've got the die set to cut it out and I like that it's got the wings so again this is my mum's but that was a pound and a pound so two quid for that stamp and die set and you can see they're really nice sizes and yeah they're real kind of whimsical images so they're again then this one here you get three but they're just really unusual with they're not the kind of flowers you see all the time she's got the blue bells so there's the stamp look how big the leaf is really large and then you just make it all up they're really they do they're stump really nice I've had these kind of stamps before so there's that one then this one here you've got the lily then if I flick that one over just huge and they're very easy to cut out nice big leaves there and then you've got a couple of sentiments lily hope and faith and that one just says blue bells on the side and then this one here is oh gosh I can't even pronounce that anemone anemone why have I never heard that before I thought it was quite all right with my flowers anemone anemone and emone I'm sure some of you are shouting at the screen now saying Sam you totally killed that word anyway I'm sorry but look how lovely and big the blooms are there so yeah and there's other ones in the collections this was a pack of three since those three at the top but then you've also got pansy that would have been a nice one to have and the poppy and the sweet william in fact those three at the bottom are probably some of my favorite flowers so if I'd seen that one I would have snatched it from her hand so but you can see how you can make them out they are beautiful really really nice but I might have a look out for them because I didn't I've never seen those ones and I again in the past I've said I'd really like a nice poppy stamp I have some but I'm not 100% with them but that one there looks quite nice and I know if they're anything like this they're nice and big so anyway those three there were a pound and then she's also grabbed this one which is the diesire range by crafters by crafters companion it's 50p and this is the happily ever after and it cuts so the top of the happily half of it is hanging off the top of the card and then this is cut into the card and it's one of their edgables you can see it there again not even been opened so that would look nice running down the side of the card I imagine or unless you've got yeah you would unless you've got a large eight by eight because that's quite a long die so I guess it can go along the top of an eight by eight yeah it's seven and a half otherwise I'd have it running down the side I think that would look quite nice so yeah she's got that one I managed to grab these so I've got something she had all that in her hand laughing but these are the craft work cards and these and they're really cute you've got and put them in shakers but the idea is they're just little paper discs that you just add adhesive to there's loads in there because they're all kind of sandwiched amongst each other and it's just another alternative to using like Nuvo drops and stuff but you can add glitters over these and things like that but if you type in candy craft candy or craft work cards candy you'll get loads they do all kinds of styles and they do sparkly ones and everything but yeah they were 50p each so I got them and then I grabbed the paper because as you know I go through tons and tons of paper so they had this board here for £1.50 and it's really nice quality so I've got some vellum tracing paper it's very thick actually so I've got quite a few sheets about that is solid real thick that is lovely so that's going to be nice to stamp on because some of the the vellum that I've got is very thin this is really really strong then I've got look at this loved that again don't know where it's from but if anybody knows I've got a feeling it's again one of these packs that they get from the ladies bought from crafters companion so look all that but it's slightly different so look you've got the rainbow and again these are going to make lovely like gift card and gift bag fronts and obviously perfect mats and layers but it's all matte it's not shiny but it's a thick that is about 200 250 plus it's a real nice weight cardstock that's a card blank cardstock so that one along with this one I didn't realise it was blue so I've got blue vellum again the same weight as the white or cream and then just this random it's a bit grubby that's probably just what they used just to kind of keep it all in place so I'll use that for backing something but yeah look at all that really lovely cardstock there and then as I was paying I saw this in the cabinet and it was at £1.50 and look at it it's like a resin casing like on the top and then inside it's almost like kind of a bit mother of pearly I guess but very very me so thought I'd put that on for the video and then also I've purchased this stuff here so this is from our new home bargain store that's opened I've seen lots of people share things that they buy craft related items from home bargains but we've never had one close by so I was really quite pleased to hear that one had opened up so I went there with my friend the other day and I wasn't that blown away by the kind of craft department but I guess until they know what kind is what kind of stuff's going to sell in that store then maybe we'll get some more stuff over time but there was no like paper pads and things like that that I've seen people sharing however when I went to majority this is from the wedding section so I'll show you what I've got so I picked up these which is it's always nice to get the craft card so the card blanks and envelopes so it was a 10 pack and these were I think 79p so and they're really strong I mean I did take one out and these when I hold this card up to my 300gsm craft card that I have it's the same weight this is a very you can see it's just a super strong card so that's going to look lovely and it's given me the inspiration to make some kind of shabby chic wedding cards so I will be doing that shortly but I also like these four more masculine style cards and just for any cards really I just love using craft card I did go through a phase last year where I think everything I was making was in craft card so I haven't really gone to it for a while so it's certainly something I'll be revisiting so I picked up two of the five by seven size and two of the six by six so I've got 20 of each and then they won't last long at all they'll soon be gone yeah so that was from the craft section along with this twine now I don't have these really kind of more lighter colors and I love that they were on the wooden spool and again this I've thrown my receipt away now but these were this was cheap this whole thing was under a pound I'm pretty sure it's under a pound or it was a pound you can see that I'll get rid of the packaging now but they also look nice to display a lot of you again who follow me you know I like everything on show so my crafting's a little bit like a shop everything is exposed because that way I see it and it it feels nice and it and it inspires me so yeah these ones would just be added to my other ones but I like that they're on those little wooden spools so I think that looks cute and they're great colors as well then I picked up this one here sentiments like you can never have enough sentiment stamps I love sentiment stamps and I thought these were really nice especially that lovely happy birthday so I like that you have that kind of area where it will all be a color of your choice you know with whatever you ink it with and then the happy birthday will shine through the same with the thank you the hello you and the good luck they've got that same style then this one was nice because it's a longer style sentiment wishing you the best you got celebrate and then love so there's something there for everything and I thought that was really good and again this was 69p or 79p and I was like you can't not buy it for that price it's just a bargain yeah they are they're silicon ones I believe I wouldn't expect them to be photopolymer for that price but some you should still get a good impression with them and as I always say whenever you get something new some people like to use a rubber or an eraser over the top I just rub them with my hand because there will be a film some kind of like a chemical residue left on the stamps from where they come through the factory so usually if you stamp these first off without kind of prepping them you might not get a good first impression so some people like to buff them up you can use I've seen people use and I have I've roughed them ever so slightly with a nail file and you just brush over the top it's better on something like this I wouldn't use this this technique on something that's very delicate but if I just roughen it up and you can see why it works because it now gives the ink something to stick to but I just usually just kind of rub over it with my my hand there it seems to work so again you'll see them pop up on gift bags and cards and things like that that I make but it's always handy to have some nice sentiment stamps then I picked up these ones I do have some silver kind of coloured ones but these are again more shabby chic and this was in the wedding section and these are the love letters you get 63 self-adhesive letters and I thought they're great for my scrapbooking yeah maybe I probably should have got two packs of these again I want to say they were like 79p or something like that they were pretty pretty cheap so I should have maybe got two packs of them but anyway I'm sure they'll be there again I got them and then this is also from the wedding section so I picked up this here so they this is some beautiful binding it's what they've got it titled as you get three meters but what I liked about this and what I plan to do when I make the cards is so it's really nice she's got that lovely pretty trim and then I picked up this one here which again just says beautiful binding but it's like a burlap like a hessian and then with this one I'm hoping it should fit yeah nicely over the top now I can see why they've put this in the wedding section because I guess what people tend to do is if they've got like glass little jars they wrap it around and add bows and stuff like that that's not what I do but I'll probably wrap this around a card and then if you imagine you've got your stamp there you could have happy birthday stamped and stuck over the top have lots of flowers coming out and it will look really really pretty so yeah I'm looking forward to using that you get three meters of each which is plenty for me because it's not something I use all the time but it is something nice to try and yeah we'll give a different look to my cards so yeah bargain and then I picked up these and the reason I grab these ones I've got two packs of each is because they are just your flat disks so these are glitter confetti just taken a few out but you can see there they are just discs there's no holes in them or anything it's quite rare to find that you can buy these through some suppliers but they can be very expensive but these ones here again should look at the receipt they were a pound or under they want anything more than that but they're just really really pretty now if I wanted to I could go through and pull out you know the glitter ones and leave the the bronzy coloured ones there or goldy coloured ones yeah it's a golden bronze in that mix but I just thought they were beautiful yeah that's the like I said the golden bronze mix and then this is the silver mix and you can see that it's just gorgeous really nice and because they're so flat you can put loads of these into a shaker card and they will really you know freely kind of move around and yeah I just think they're lovely really really pleased with them again I should have probably bought loads because it's something that these are timeless things these are things I'll use you know years later now this one here I've been wanting to do for ages but I don't want to buy the expensive sponges these here are well it just says aquasoft bath sponge but they're just plastic but I've got one I've already done it I've already used them and they work brilliantly I want to say these were 45p each so I picked up two and all I've done with this one here so I've already put them in this jar is cut the whole thing in half then in half again and then in half again and that way you've got enough sponges there for different coloured inks so you don't have to do that but that's what I've done to kind of maximize you know the sponges that I've got here to be fair though the ones that I did use when I cleaned them they completely cleaned off perfectly but I guess you know if you're going to be crafting with friends or the children and things like that then it's quite nice to have multiples but they will all sit in there now quite easily okay again I like things on show so I picked this up this was cheap as well but then when I got home the lid had smashed so it was a little bit annoyed but it doesn't matter if the lid's on there or not but I thought it was cute and this was a pound I think so again super super cheap so what I'm trying to create here is this effect and it's a brilliant bubble background and it works great for again any kind of underwater themed cards that you may be doing I have a really nice stamp with a lady in the bathtub and I thought that background would look great because she's got bubbles all around her in the bath and then to have that bubble effect if I bring up a bit more can you see so it's quite subtle but it's a really fun technique and you can actually add different colours to it so I'm just going to show you and I use a more vibrant colour so it picks up well on camera so this is the distress oxide barn door you don't have to use distress oxides it's just there the inks that I have on hand and I use the most and then on one of the flat sides it works best if you use a flat side of the sponge so you can see there I've got that that flat edge ink it up so you're going to see the pattern that you're going to kind of get and then just kind of push it down you don't have to be too like you know precise with it but it's just a really fun technique for anybody that likes to mix media who likes to do the you know junk journals art journals it's a really really fun kind of texture and pattern to add so and also this will work nice if you've got any kind of tree kind of stamp so instead of using the actual foliage stamp that they put with it you could have this in green there and that could become the top of your tree so there's you know there's lots of different ways to use these but yeah I just again it's just finding different materials to create different effects with our card making and stuff but I think they look really really good so yeah that's why I picked them up okay and I also got this ribbon here which I picked up from tiger or flying tiger and it was a pound for five meters but it's a red velvet and it's a really lovely quality thick velvet and again I've got Christmas commissions coming in now and yeah we do start to think about Christmas crafting now especially if we're doing you know fairs craft fairs and things like that but I just thought this was really nice and it's I think this is about a quarter of an inch was it hard no it's half an inch so yeah it's just a really nice really nice ribbon I thought so yeah I picked up two of those because again I am a classic red green gold or red green and silver kind of girl when it comes to Christmas I do like my traditional colors so yep got those ones then I picked up these two things which I guess are a little bit random but certainly things that sometimes when I'm making whether it be a box or maybe a certain kind of interactive card I sometimes think oh I wish I had like a little bit of stick or just something and the pound shop have got this Crayola range in there now and this one here you get so you get the two strips of the lollipop sticks for a pound so there's loads in there was a hundred and then these here are just your little matchsticks and then after I was in the pound shop I then went into Hobbycraft because they're next door to each other and Hobbycraft have the exact same stuff exactly the same colors the same rainbow but in their packaging and they're selling these for £1.20 and one row of these lollipop sticks for £1 so go to the pound shop and get it if you see it in Hobbycraft if you've only got Hobbycraft available then fine it's not the end of the world if you've got the pound line go to pound line because you get double that for less the price and you get more you know you get the same for a pound and not £1.20 so there's only a 20p difference there but it all counts but yeah I just think they're going to be I have some ideas for things and now I've got these colorful lollipop sticks it's going to be a lot better than the wooden ones so if you do have wooden lollipop sticks that's not a problem you can color them and you can also heat emboss them and things like that but I do have a couple of fun ideas to use with these so watch this space then I was also again in the pound shop I picked up these I hadn't seen these ones before and they've just got a really nice kind of like just a really subtle like sagey kind of green color and then that's like a real nice light blue and they're 3d I just take them off there you can see them a bit better they're on foam pads but there's two layers to them so they've got a real nice dimension to them you can obviously I can take the foam pads off and just glue in the center there and have it kind of lifted but I just again you know I love butterflies I am a little bit obsessed I do have tons of butterflies so I've got them and then this one I just sort of realized and it's actually for the splash I do have some really fun photographs from holidays things when I'm in the swimming pool and I just think that word splash is just going to really pop on a layout you've got sunkissed a perfect day summer is a state of the mind summer is the state of mind hello sunshine oh hello summer sorry oh summer yeah summer is the state of mind why is it sometimes you look at someone it doesn't make sense but it makes complete sense so yeah I thought they were quite cute the flamingo's a bit off there but I think it's just because the cardboard's falling behind but um yeah I do have something about them I just thought like I said it was mainly the splash there I thought that was really cool and then I grabbed some more pom poms again it was from the Crayola section in the pound in Poundland I hadn't seen this Crayola before so I don't know if that's something new that they've you know they've brought in but anyway but again it was mainly for the red the green kind of the white there for Christmas projects they're nice to finish off and decorate the nice when you're doing like wrapping and things like that so yeah that's why I've got those then also when I was in hobby craft I picked up these metal rings and I think they were a pound and there's 20 in each but again I do have some ideas for these so if you do have these rings then great they are like your key ring rings so you can just kind of take one out here they're those ones when they're like kind of split on both sides can you see I'll get rid of that one there you can see they're that style so you can obviously we can lock them in like so if we want to but I just thought for the amount you get 20 for a pound or pound 20 I didn't think that was too bad at all so yeah I picked up two bags of those a lot of you know I do design for some of the magazines now which is brilliant and one of the perks along with that is that they also send you the magazines that you feature in so this one here I didn't but the reason I want to share this one so we do that talk about that one first so this is the creative stamping issue 72 and I love any kind of like animal stamps and I don't really own a lot of bird stamps and this one is collaborated with the RSPB and they have done this coastal bird stamp and it is just brilliant and on here you will see all these different birds and they're just it's just different to what you usually get so let me just take the packaging off here and take a glare but you can see they're really nice there is you know they're not too dark so you'll be able to color these really nicely which I like and I'm actually going to be using some of these to make my dad's father's day card which you would have probably already seen before this video goes up and then as always creative stamping every issue you get an A4 stamp sheet and you look at what you get it's lovely I love the beach huts here in a row you've got your deck chairs you've got the lighthouse on the rock which is kind of a classic image a lot of people do that when they do nautical stamps but I like that you've got these kind of it's almost like the the wood poking out of the sea or like the driftwood pieces but I've got an idea to have like the birds sitting on the top you've got the nice horizon there you've got the sun setting then you've got little things here the beach you've got the kite you've got rocks a shell a lady just relax in there on the beach and then I like the sentiment so that happy birthday is I think a lot of the magazines I see do that fun I've got a few like that now but you've got spread your wings friend but I like this one nothing soothes the soul like a walk on the beach and living by the seaside it's very true yeah it's just really nice one always great value for money the inspiration in this month is really good as well and yeah that's the magazine so I'm not going to flick through it because I don't turn to because I think it's nice for people to you know wait till they receive it themselves but again I will link all this in these two here I got sent because I actually have done some cards for both of these so this one here is papercraft essentials issue 175 pop that one over there for a minute and the free gift in this one is gorgeous it really is this is an eight by eight kit by craft work cards and everything here is on a it's almost like a 350 plus gsm card it's almost borderline like greyboard kind of you know territory it's thick so you've got all these pre-dicut little images here so you've got the hot air balloon and like these ones pop out and they're like little kind of almost a little bit like a snowflake shape and that one there is a flower you can obviously layer them up so you get quite a few of those then you get these lovely sentiments I thought there were stickers but they're not they are again you just pop them out and they are really thick cardstock and then these are all of your other sentiments and images again it's all pre-dicut card pieces and again they are super thick so it's such a nice quality piece and it's just got that kind of it's a little bit kind of like a circus kind of font and it's got a bit of that kind of feel to it but it's just really nice and then you've got these butterflies I love butterflies then you've got bunting and you've got again these nice big toppers you get two of each sheet and then you've got these here to put sentiments and things on so they're all like your little borders and banners and balloons and then you get all these papers and the amount of papers you get here that is a paper pack that's what you would just buy in a shop there are tons here I wonder if it actually does say so you get 24 pattern papers 24 that's so good 26 die cut sentiments 22 die cut butterflies 20 die cut flowers 12 die cut balloons 4 die cut toppers then 32 foiled sentiments 26 die cut banners 24 die cut bunting and 8 die cut hearts you get so much in this and for the price of 5.99 it's brilliant and that there are I mean papercraft essentials they do always do free gifts along with creative stamping they are my two kind of go-to along with making cards so yeah they are they are good so this is what you get you've got the hot air balloon you've got this one here it's called print I like this one because you could just cut here and have that on like a five by seven card and you could cut along there and have that as a trim or a border on something else then you've got so that's those ones look at that they're gorgeous really really nice I like the kind of sunburst there and then the hot air balloons so again four of them then you've got those really nice feathers and then it finishes with that one there really really I did not expect because obviously a lot of the time I see this just via social media or you'll see it on a website but till you actually get it I just didn't realize just how many papers there are here so I'm so excited and I'm going to make some really nice cards with that and I will share them all as well so you'll be able to see what I make but yeah flying high craft work cards eight by eight collection and that's my feature so I at the moment I'm doing the shape up features so just different shaped styled cards so I was asked to do some easel cards so those are the ones that I've done there so yeah really really good but there's like I said tons of inspiration the cards with this kit are gorgeous so I can't wait to make some of those okay and this is the hunky dory card making collection so this is a bumper pack they always are when you find them in these boxes so this retails at 12.99 but it's a really good value for money so in here you get a stamp set I'll just bring in this here so you can see there what you get I love the lady carrying all those kind of like hat boxes you got this kind of sprayer flowers which I used on one of the cards that I made and then you've got all these lovely little kind of like box there you've got little sentiments your fabulous birthdays are made for shopping sent with love you've got the Eiffel Tower there and handbags they're really really pretty sweet stamps that one there and then you get this embossing folder and I embossed this on silver cardstock I believe and it came out beautifully it was really really nice you get that one and then the die which is lovely which is a little perfume bottle and you can use that frame there I use the frame to cut out these sentiments here it fits really nicely and then obviously you can have those again those sentiments within that perfume bottle but it's got such a nice look to it you can see there how that one looks so you get those three pieces then you get the magazine which has got 75 stylish designs and then you get the kit and there is just so much in this okay so in here you get because you've got three three different collections so let me get these right yeah so you've got the Parisian so you get your topper sheet so you've got this one here it's all adorable scorable so that's the Eiffel Tower that's the one that I created cards with then you've got the lady there which is really cool then you've got your papers so you get this one I loved this one I use that one beautiful then you've got your inserts there and again they all match that one and there's the lady and there's your four different card blanks so you've got the Eiffel Tower again the lady they're carrying her hat boxes you got the two torsos and the bicycle again so that's the Parisian and then you have I think it's three collections actually yeah it is so then you've got fashionista or maybe that is it no it's Parisian and fashionista I think so yeah so there's your one there to go with the the dye the perfume bottle dye and that's your other topper there I love those glasses you've got that lovely umbrella and then again you've got your inserts and the glasses you've got the handbag and the umbrella and then you've got your card blanks so again I love the colours they've chose and that one and then there's the papers I feel like you're matting and layering so you've got those two so there is so much in this you always have papers left over you know they say that you can get this much made from it but there's always more so yeah you get so much in that says 12.99 for that one my cards I think they're all together yeah I was asked to do wedding anniversary cards engagement cards that kind of thing so you can see there the the sweet wishes one that I done so that was a six by six and you can see that a lovely that was that spray of flowers but I heat embossed it so that looked really pretty and then these cards here just using the the kind of the decoupage there and that was a z-fold card again really pretty so yeah there is so much in this magazine the like I said the cards are always really pretty and there's my one on the front it made it to the front cover so I was quite chuffed with that one as well okay so that's everything so I've got a real nice kind of mix of things this week but I think mum's come out trumps with all of these dies that she's found so yeah as always I will try and link as much as I can or even try and find these I'll be interested to know how much they are or were and if they're still available and things so yeah that's it for today so I hope you've enjoyed it please give me a thumbs up as always and I'll be back tomorrow with another tutorial thanks for watching bye


Welcome to the reading guide for dumb people, for the village idiots, for the post-literate masses in 2022. If we are going to create a non-violent world, we need everyone in the world to achieve a certain base level of knowledge, physical control, and emotional control. So it's okay if you are dumb. We've been programmed by the public education system through standardized testing, through grades, and through our economic status to think that if we aren't into books or if we aren't as smart as the elites, that we are inferior. You can't get caught in that dialect though, the us versus them mentality, because that creates resentment. I know so many people who are resentful about knowledge, but when you go on the path of knowledge, it can create an immense amount of joy. If you love movies, if you love stories, if you love talking with your friends, books can give you that much and more. If you love learning and being curious, you can understand the world at levels that you never, and yourself at levels you never have before. But a lot of people who try and spread knowledge in the world come at it through an elitist point of view, come at it through a literary Napoleonic point of view, and they think that you, the dumb people of the world, need to be conquered, that you need to be changed at some fundamental level and get on board with all of our ideas. No, I feel like that if everyone reads just a little bit, reads and gets into knowledge in their own personal way, we will hit that baseline level of knowledge, which creates a moral code, which creates a human autonomous group that doesn't hurt each other anymore. Once we reach that baseline level of knowledge, physical and emotional control that prevents us from being violent toward others and continuing the cycle of abuse, we can then accept that we are all very different and then move on from there. But we need to start from where we're at, which is that most people since high school, since college, have not continued reading, that they suck at reading.  I could show her a book, for instance, and she couldn't, she can read, I guess, signs and stuff, but she doesn't even have the focus and the energy to read. So let's start off with some tips for those people, the people that can't, who know, you know, who know how to read, but can't seem to read. Tip number one is that you need to get more into movies. You need to get off of social media, right? You need to move away from social media and you need to get into storytelling. You need to start to move and lean into storytelling and good storytelling because if you become a connoisseur of movies, eventually there are movies out there that are adaptions of books and you could start off very simple. The Twilight series, the Harry Potter series, it's almost like ELL, English language learners type stuff. If you want to get back into reading, you need to lean into it with some easy things. For instance, the Dune movie just came out and the Dune series are very complicated, but if you could work through the first Dune book because you love the movie Dune, then by the time you finish that book, and that is tip number two, that if you are reading a hard book like Dune, for instance, whatever you don't understand or maybe even from the start, you just need to read slowly and read out loud, shut your phone off and read it out loud. And if you read it out loud slowly to yourself and repeat things you don't know and take it line by line, that is the number one recommendation or to gain literacy in any language. And I know so many people who have, including myself, because at one point, I was dumb, everybody.   I cracked my head open three times in two months and got knocked out each time. And after that, I literally couldn't read anymore. I couldn't think. I didn't have the focus. So what I had to do was I had to read out loud almost for an entire year to gain at least a semblance of being able to focus and listen. I understand that reading out loud may seem silly, but for instance, when I read poetry, I'm a huge poet and love reading poetry, I read all the poems out loud. So because it resonates differently, it does something to your soul. When you read out loud, I think it increases literacy and understanding. And tip number three is that before you read a book, so if I'm going to read this book right here, the sibling society, I should read, maybe flip through it, maybe read some summaries online. This is a huge tip that you should x-ray the book. You should understand what's in the book, maybe understand what's in the chapter, kind of flip through the chapter and understand what you're going to read before you're going to read it. And that kind of goes back to tip number one, that when you watch a movie, when you watch the Harry Potter series, you know what's happening so that you can fill in the blanks that if you don't understand something, you don't get caught up on it. That's something you don't want to do, that if you're reading something and it's a little bit too hard and even if you're reading out loud and you can't get what's happening, it may be a major point in the story and then you're confused for the rest of the story. So you want to prevent yourself from being confused and the best way to do that is to preview what you're going to read. And another recommendation for novels, especially if you're really trying to get back into it, is that you read the summary online before you do it. The fun of reading is in the journey, not in the surprises or the climax. Vince McMahon, the CEO of the WWE said that if you gave him enough time, he could sell it a stadium for a fight between two broomsticks.  MMA most of the time is very boring, but people don't show up to see the punches and the kicks and the takedowns. They show up because of the storylines. That's why there's so much emphasis, for instance, in MMA or in football on all these storylines. It's boring most of the time in sports, but the storylines are what makes it fun for us. And that's the same thing with reading that if you are a beginner, if you were just trying to get back into it, it's better to know what's going on until you get your chops back. Think of a runner, a retired runner. I'm sure you guys have, you know, not worked out for a while before or ever in your life.  Your sore running or excuse me, reading is the same way.  And the best way to do that is to know where you're going. You don't come back to working out without a plan. If you want to have the most amount of success, you buy a plan from someone or a higher personal trainer and they tell you what you're going to do for the next six weeks. It's not all surprised. What do I want to do right now? People who do that don't get results. Imagine Mr. Olympia saying, I'm just going to go with the flow. We are readers. We need a game plan and we need a roadmap for our success. Tip number four is that you need to figure out what books that you are into because at the face axiomatic level, when we read a book, we are trying to figure out what is this book about? What is the theme?  What is the theme of this story? That's what we want when we are reading a text. So you need to figure out things that fit your vibe. And at the start, maybe you don't know. And that's why you read summaries and work your way through it. And, but once you know, that now will help you accelerate your growth. Next, tip number five, I think you need to learn how to underline. You need to start underlying. I have right over here, a multicolor pen that I am always using. I'm always underlining and doing different colors, which brings things to me. That's a little bit complicated. You can also tab. You can also divot the page for a long time. I would do this. I would just highlight whole sections like this. I want to underline. If you're a little bit lazy and don't want to underline, you can do this section. And I'm inspired by this book. If you guys want to dive a little bit deeper into becoming a better reader, I'm going to be covering a lot more of this on the course. There's this book right here called How to Read a Book by Mortimer J. Adler. And this is a great book. I reread this a couple of times. Like I said, a veteran, someone who's read over 2000 books, I'm still trying to become a better reader, a better active reader, a better even superficial reader when I need to be. And tip number six is that you need to understand that you are not just doing this for you. You're doing this as a part of society, that knowledge and the path to higher consciousness requires you to become selfless at some level, that the hedonistic path, the path of pleasure, if you don't know what that means, is very tempting. And you should take that path at times. I'm not saying to give up things. I'm saying that you need to make small replacements. Social media is great, but how much time do you need on social media every single day? If you dedicate 30 minutes a day to reading, you should be able to finish three books a month or so. That is 156 books a year. That's a great start. 36 books a year could change your life. For instance, if you read 20 books on personal development or business, your life could change in terms of the money you're making or how you approach life or your job. You could be happier on that end. If you read 30 books on poetry, you could have more of an understanding of the deeper web of life and experience or fiction. You could understand multiculturalism. If you read books on the economy, you could become an informed person year by year on different topics or just over the course of 10 years. Over the course of 10 years, if you read 30 minutes a day, you could have read 350 books. That's insane. 350 books is enough to surpass that level of understanding the moral code to not be a violent human being anymore, but better yet, to become an actual member of our society. A democratic member of society needs to know what is exactly happening in our society. You need to know what economic policy is. And just reading a couple of introductory books will give you more knowledge than 99% of people in our country. So thank you guys for joining me. And if you guys are interested in this book, check out this video over here on who my favorite author is.


We are following the teachings of Jesus from a course in miracles and the mind training in forgiveness, the mind training in judge not, the mind training in let all things be exactly as they are. Don't judge a thing. This workbook lessons are these are going taking us to being able to watch the world from a state of non-judgment like Jesus did. He was a way-shower. He was the way, the truth, and life. He gave us a great example of beholding the world without judgment and not jumping in to attacking or defending even toward the end of his earthly life. He was he was very silent. He was very still and he just let all things be exactly as they are through scenes of crucifixion and a resurrection. Jesus is helping us see that the body is just a neutral learning device for the mind that the Holy Spirit can use whether it seems to be in a body dying or a body being reborn. It still points to the resurrection of the mind. That's what we're praying for. We're praying for Jesus' statement, be of good cheer. I've overcome the world. We're praying for above the battleground. We're praying for the happy learner. We're praying for the happy dream. We're in the happy dream when we don't judge anything or any one of this world then we are happy and when we seem to judge, hold opinions, hold grievances, hold doubts, hold fears. When we point fingers and accuse that's just the ego's shenanigans trying to to basically assert that there is a will apart from God and the ego is the belief that separation from God is possible and that you can have a will apart from your Creator. An absolutely ridiculous idea if God creates you in truth, in love and light then any other belief must be a lie because the truth is true and only the truth is true. Joy is the reflection of knowing that you are one with God. Happiness is that same reflection. Peace is that same reflection. So today we're rolling on with our workbook lessons and today we have lesson number 86. We're still in workbook part one review two. These ideas are for review today. Only God's plan for salvation will work. It is senseless for me to search wildly about for salvation. I have seen it in many people and in many things but when I reached for it, it was not there. I was mistaken about where it is. I was mistaken about what it is. I will undertake no more idle seeking. Only God's plan for salvation will work and I will rejoice because his plan can never fail. These are some suggested forms for applying the idea today specifically. God's plan for salvation will save me from my perception of this. This is no exception in God's plan for my salvation. Let me perceive this only in the light of God's plan for salvation. Holding grievances is an attack on God's plan for salvation. Holding grievances is an attempt to prove that God's plan for salvation will not work. Yet only his plan will work. By holding grievances, I am therefore excluding my only hope of salvation from my awareness. I would no longer defeat my own best interest in this insane way. I would accept God's plan for salvation and be happy. Specific applications for this idea might be in these forms. I am choosing between misperception and salvation as I look on this. If I see grounds for grievances in this, I will not see the grounds for my salvation. This calls for salvation, not attack. Beautiful. Again, only God's plan for salvation will work. Holding grievances is an attack on God's plan for salvation. So for some support today, since only God's plan for salvation will work, I went to the course search program and I typed in only God. I got 292 results from Jesus in A Course in Miracles. Let's use some of these ideas that Jesus is sharing because this is really going to uplift us. It's really taking us inward to really accept the ideas really deeply and fully without reservations. I was saying recently I was listening to this beautiful song and you can have my yes with no exceptions. I'm laying down my rights to second guessing. You can have my yes. And that Jesus is truly the way, the truth, and the life. So that song was just playing in my mind again very strongly today. So let's just have some support from Jesus for only God's plan for salvation will work. Let's look at these results from the course on the search only God. A sense of separation from God is the only lack you really need correct. Only God can establish this solution and this faith is his gift. The Atonement is the only gift that is worthy of being offered at the altar of God because of the value of the altar itself. The statement for God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten Son that whosoever believeth in him should not perish but have everlasting life needs only one slight correction to be meaningful in this context. He gave it to his only begotten Son. And he's talking about the real world of the happy dream. The Holy Spirit made the forgiving world the happy dream of non-judgment. It should be especially noted that God has only one Son. There's only one of us. One mind, one heart, one love, absolute pure oneness, spirit, eternal life, kingdom of heaven, kingdom of God. Call that one whatever you want. And the Christ is just the Christ. It's just a beautiful idea in the mind of God. It should especially be noted that God has only one Son. That's in spirit. It doesn't talk about all the projections of the world, all the different cultures and languages and you know, countries and names. Just there's only one of us basically. And you feel happy when you remember that there's only one of us. And that one is a creation of God. And that's so beautiful. Behind all the appearances of form, there's only one of us. Everyone will ultimately look upon his own creations and choose to preserve only what is good, just as God himself looked upon what he had created and knew that it was good. Spirit is good. Eternity is good. Changelessness is good. The term last judgment is frightening, not only because it has been projected onto God, but also because of the association of last with death. Knowing his son as he is, you realize that the Atonement, not sacrifice, is the only appropriate gift for God's altar, where nothing except perfection belongs. I have said that only what God creates or what you create with the same will has any real existence. God knows you only in peace. And this is your reality. God offers only mercy. The offense is never to God, but only to those who deny him. That was from text chapter three, section six. Let's read it again. The offense is never to God, but only to those who deny him. When we judge, when we hold grievances, that's that's why Jesus tells us my grievances are an attack upon God's plan for salvation because God's plan for salvation is forgiveness. That's what Jesus was teaching us all along. That's what all the mystics and saints are teaching us. And when we deny that forgiveness is our only purpose, then we take on other purposes and we seek to hold grievances and we don't know our Creator in that state of mind of darkness. And we don't really know anything. It's just the ignorant sleeping mind of believing in the ego and thrashing about in time and space trying to wish, wish its way out. I wish things were different. I wish you would change. I wish, wish that wasn't the outcome. Wish, wish, wish, wish. But you know, I always remember that that song wonder, wonder, wonder, wonder who who wrote the book of love, who created love. Yeah, it's God. So we can't forget that. We can't forget that. Your creation by God is the only foundation that cannot be shaken because the light is in it. Listen only to God who is as incapable of deception as is the spirit he created. Only God could make a home that is worthy of his creations who have chosen to leave it empty by their own dispossession. God created heaven and heaven is home. And if you try to deny heaven and make up a world of time and space and images, idle images. Ah, remember, the Bible said hold no graven images before the Lord thy God. Only God could make a home that is worthy of his creations. The kingdom of heaven. The kingdom of heaven is the spirit's right. Whose beauty and dignity are far beyond doubt, beyond perception and stand forever as the mark of love of God for his creations who are wholly worthy of him and only of him. Spirit. Spirit is love. Spirit is worthy of love. Spirit is eternal. Spirit is changeless. Jesus introduction to his course. Nothing real can be threatened. Nothing unreal exists. Herein lies the peace of God. It is the only identification with the which which the ego feels safe since the body's vulnerability is its own best argument that you cannot be of God. Yep. It's trying to make believe that the body is our home but God created us in spirit and God knows this spirit. We will forever be a spirit. God will come to you only as you will give him to your brothers. Yeah. Shine the light. Yeah. Until we shine the light and we make no exceptions to the shining of that light then then we're not going to know our brothers or ourselves as spirit. Spirit never withholds. Spirit shines and shines and shines. Spirit gives and gives and gives. Only God's holy children are worthy channels of his beautiful joy because only they are beautiful enough to hold it by sharing it. The higher mind thinks according to the laws spirit obeys and therefore honors only the laws of God. You can share only the thoughts that are of God and that he keeps for you. That's why there are no private thoughts and that's why people pleasing is impossible because you can share only the thoughts that are of God and that he keeps for you and these are eternal thoughts. I am as God created me is the thought you can share that comes from God that he keeps for us. I am spirit. Yeah. That's another one. Those eternal thoughts are thoughts of spirit and and you could say that Christ is an idea in the mind of God. So God creates Christ thinks Christ into being and there is no other creation. All is spirit. Christ can create in spirit as well but spirit is an eternal continuous line of creation. If we were rewriting the Old Testament a little bit we would just say instead of the big gaps we would say God creates Christ. Christ creates spirit, creates spirit, creates spirit, creates spirit. In this world you get apples from apple trees and oranges from orange trees and lemons from lemon trees. In heaven you get spirit from spirit from spirit. It's a continual line of creation. It's totally denied by the ego but it's real. It's true. It's reality. The joint will of the sonship is the only creator that can create like the father because only the complete can think completely and the thinking of God lacks nothing. Only what God creates is irreversible and unchangeable. Your place is only in eternity where God himself placed you forever. The Holy Spirit can speak only for this because he speaks for God.  We have to accept God's plan for salvation. We have to accept the correction in order to know with certainty our identity as Christ. Not as a body, not as a person but as a spirit. When Jesus said, I and the Father are one who's speaking in spirit. When Jesus said before Abraham was, I am, he was speaking in spirit. Nothing lasting lies in dreams and the Holy Spirit shining with the light from God himself speaks only for what lasts forever. Only one equal gift can be offered to the equal sons of God and that is full appreciation. Be vigilant only for God and his kingdom.  The voice for God speaks only for belief beyond question which is the preparation for being without question. Your creations have always been because you can create only as God creates. Seek ye first the kingdom of heaven because that is where the laws of God operate truly and they operate can only operate truly because they are the laws of truth. Give only honor to the sons of the living God and count yourself among them gladly.  Only you can limit your creative power but God wills to release it. Yeah God will wills to release all beliefs in limit and lack. The extension of God's being is spirits only function. Wow it just goes on and on and on that's just a few that's just up to chapter seven out of the 292 results that come from a word search of only God. Wow only God has a plan that brings peace to me. Only God has a plan that brings joy love happiness to me and that joy is in this moment. This holy instant has salvation come. So I want to just take a workbook lesson to a little foreshadowing but this one helps us out for our review today because this is the practical application of only God's plan for salvation will work and that grievances holding grievances and an attack on God's plan for salvation. So this will support us. This one is is actually from lesson 268 it says let all things be exactly as they are. Let me not be your critic Lord today and judge against you. Let me not attempt to interfere with your creation and distort it into sickly forms. Let me be willing to withdraw my wishes from its unity and thus to let it be as you created it. Withdraw my wishes. Withdraw my ego wishes and preferences from its unity and thus to let it be as you created it. Let it be like the Beatles song. Let spirit be because that's who we are. Let it be let it be. Let it be as you created it. For thus will I be able too to recognize my Christ self as you created me. In love was I created and in love will I remain forever. What can frighten me when I let all things be exactly as they are? Spirit let not our sight be blasphemous today nor let our ears attend to lying tongues. Only reality is free of pain. Only reality is free of loss. Only reality is holy safe and it is only this we seek today. Wow that's why we let all things be exactly as they are because behind the images and the appearances of what seems to be changing in our perception is the eternal love of God, the eternal grace of God, the eternal spirit that is Christ and and God and and heaven is behind the veil of forgetfulness, behind this veil of idol images is is the light and the light has come. Jesus is really letting us feel that the light has come. Okay I think I will I've got a song from Alyssa Moore my friend from her her album and see in every heartbeat and this one is called Let All Things Be Exactly As They Are. Thank you, thank you, thank you. Amen. I hope you're having a beautiful holy week. This in the calendar of the years for Christians is the week we just went through Palm Palm Sunday we're coming up tomorrow I guess with Ash Wednesday and then we're rolling into Good Friday and then we're rolling into Easter. We have an Easter retreat going on down here in Mexico at in Chapala at La Casa de Milagros. We're rejoicing we just watched episode three and four of The Chosen, the new season four of Chosen last night. Lots of handkerchief, lots of tissues and tears, lots of deep emotions. This is holy week in the Christian calendar of years so so remember the holy instant remember the moment of resurrection remember the the joy the promise of of eternal life because that is our natural inheritance. I love you enjoy the day remember your lessons and go forth be the light of the world.


Hello, I'm Lauren Priar, the City of Fort Worth Assistant Director for Capital Delivery. Today we'll be discussing the soon-to-be advertised Request for Qualification for Professional Engineering, Design and Consultant Services for the delivery of planning, design and the construction of capital projects. This presentation, along with a networking opportunity, was originally scheduled for March 27, 2020. Due to the City's proactive response to the coronavirus outbreak, Industry Day has been cancelled and this presentation has been recorded in lieu of the Industry Day. This presentation is meant to provide you with an overview of the Request for Qualifications to be advertised on the City's procurement website and in the Fort Worth Star Telegram on April 2, 2020. Our agenda today will cover a brief overview of the City's Transportation and Public Works Organization, updates to our website and standards specifications, the Request for Qualifications for the new consultant pool and upcoming RFQ opportunities. Contact information will be provided at the end of the presentation for questions. All questions related to the RFQ must follow the City's RFI process. The City of Fort Worth's Transportation and Public Works Department is led by Director William Johnson and is organized into the following seven divisions. Capital Delivery, City Engineering, Business Support, Stormwater Management, Transportation Management, Streets and Stormwater Operations, and the Regional Mobility and Innovation Division. The Capital Division oversees the delivery of the Capital Roadway Program, Pavement Management, and the Construction Management and Inspection Services for City projects. Now for a few updates to our standard specifications and website that we wanted to bring to your attention. The City's Standard Specification Website was updated to a new web address on March 5, 2020. The old access point through Buzzsaw is now offline. The new website address is apps.fortworthtexas.gov backslash project resources. In order to view and download files, search in the folder for the specification, followed by selecting the name of the file you wish to view or download. If a designer necessitates changes to the specification, a copy of the Word version must be requested from the City's assigned project manager. This process will ensure any pending changes to the standard specification are applied to the project. Alternatively, if you do not wish to search for the specification in the project resource website, as mentioned in the previous slide, the existing website for contractor consultant and developer information at fortworthtexas.gov backslash tpw backslash contractors is available in the order found of the standard specification table of contents. However, we're currently updating links found in the index sheets to view or download the specification directly from the project resources webpage. These links will be updated by the end of April 2020. For questions regarding the city standards, please feel free to contact our TPW offices at<PHONE_NUMBER>. The table of contents has now been updated to list the latest revision dates to the standard and the right hand column. The revision dates were added at the request of the city project managers to help users of the contract documents know what standards are available and when they were last updated. Plans listed that are not used in the contract documents should have the text stricken through but not deleted from the list. A few other notable updates to our website. Buzzsaw is no longer used by the city. Throughout our website, all references to Buzzsaw are in the process of being deleted. Under the instructions to bidder page, plan holders can now keep a prize of any changes associated with a project during the solicitation process by downloading the plan holders file, completing the information and returning the completed form to the project manager or the design engineer. The bid proposal workbook, which is an Excel spreadsheet, will no longer have tab 003513. This tab is a duplication of the conflict of interest statement specification and was removed from the workbook. And lastly, the general condition specification, article 5.03, was updated to reflect that contractors are to deliver certificates of insurance and at least the minimum amount as specified in the supplementary conditions. Switching gears now to the request for qualification for professional engineering, design and consultant services for the delivery of planning, design and construction of capital projects. The RFQ is scheduled to be advertised on April 2 and April 9 on the City of Fort Worth procurement website and the Fort Worth Star Telegram. All requests for information and clarification to the RFI must be submitted no later than 5 p.m. on April 17 to receive consideration. All statements of qualifications must be submitted in hard copy form to City Hall by April 30, 2020, at 5 p.m. Please pay close attention to the addendums as the location and format of the submittal is subject to change. We intend to have the qualified consultant list identified by the end of May with RFP feedback by appointment only in June of 2020. These dates are subject to change. Updates will be posted to the purchasing website. The professional engineering services and consultant staffing support services required for cradle to grave project delivery will vary but will be associated with the following types of projects and categories. Arterial projects, intersection projects, neighborhood and pavement maintenance projects, construction management support contracts, program and project management support contracts, program level and project planning support contracts, and project management peer review and process improvement support contracts. A detailed description of each will be provided in the RFQ. The following planning, design and construction phase services for specialty area task order projects will be included in the RFQ. The intent of these work order contracts will be to provide planning, alignment and feasibility review, design and or construction phase services for specialty areas or work categories for multiple locations on an on-call basis as needed. Through the statement of qualification submittal, the city desires to obtain information regarding the responder's experience and capabilities for the specific project and contract types listed in the RFQ. The ability to deliver projects within scope, schedule and budget is critical. City of Fort Worth experience is not required. Submitters will be required to demonstrate the success of the firm based upon their record of performance on other projects. Examples of success include innovative solutions or exceptional management that resulted in project cost savings, the capabilities of the proposed project team and their approach for handling multiple projects simultaneously at various stages of the development. The city staff committee will evaluate the responses received in order to develop a qualified consultant list for each project and contract type and specialty area. The city reserves the right during the evaluation process to request additional information or clarification from the responders or to allow for corrections or errors or omissions. Not all consultant submitting will make the qualified consultant list. The city reserves the right to limit the list to the number of consultants deemed most beneficial to the city. Consultants must submit for each project type, contract type and specialty area of interest to them. The number of contracts, dollar amounts contracted and current workload with each firm will be a consideration in the selection of future projects using the qualified consultant list developed from this SOQ solicitation, in addition to the specific qualifications described in the SOQs. The qualified consultant list will be valid for up to four years from this submittal. Transportation and public works aspires to lead the city's efforts to promote diversity and inclusion in design, engineering and construction project work. Because no specific project work has been finalized yet, our SBE goals have not been set. However, the SOQ should include a statement of commitment to meeting SBE participation goals set for work, which is awarded as a result of this RFQ. It should be noted that if an offeror is certified as a DBE, MBE, SBE or WBE firm, please be aware that the city's ordinance does not allow a certified company to count itself towards the established goal. The goal represents subcontracting opportunities. Additionally, the stormwater management division will be issuing a separate RFQ in the summer of 2021. The professional engineering services and consultant staffing support services will likely include capital project development, design and project management, hydrodynamic modeling, strategic planning and policy guidance, geomorphological services, flood warning services, development review, floodplain management, information management and communications, natural area preservation and water quality. Over the next six years, stormwater projects will be funded by the stormwater program paygo funds, plus an additional $70 million of revenue bonds. Stormwater program priorities have been identified and will be funded over this timeframe following the estimated breakdowns. This concludes our industry day presentation. The following contact information has been provided for your questions. All questions related to the RFQ must follow the city's RFI process through the procurement website. Thank you for your time. We look forward to a successful partnership in delivering the City of Fort Worth's capital program.


The Israeli hero who almost stopped 9-11. You probably never heard of him, but Danny Levine, an Israeli-American, is believed to be the very first victim of the 9-11 attacks. Danny was born in Colorado and made aliyah at age 14 to Israel. He served in the IDF Special Forces in Sayyid al-Madqal for four years and was a captain. After his service, he studied at Technion, then MIT. And while in grad school, he and his advisor created the algorithm for optimizing internet traffic that led the groundwork for Akamai Technologies, a company he co-founded that was actually a precursor to the internet we know today. Danny always stood out, but no one could have imagined what his military training prepared him for later. Danny was on American Airlines Flight 11 on September 11th, which al-Qaeda terrorists used to hit the North Tower of the World Trade Center. On September 11th, seated in business class 9B, he was next to three of the hijackers and witnessed what was beginning to happen when hijacker Muhammad Atal got up to begin the attack. Immediately, Danny attempted to foil the attack, fighting one of the terrorists. But not knowing, another was behind him. Danny's throat was slipped from behind by terrorist Sattdam Sukami and became the very first victim of 9-11. Today, his family friends continue to remember his legacy as well as his tremendous contribution to technology and the internet. Akamai's highest award for employees is named after Danny. And in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the city named a square in his memory. While Danny was unable to defeat all the hijackers single-handedly, he died a hero who inspired countless others to never give in to terrorism.


So, I will start the second lecture of this module 2 that is on shallow foundation. Now, as I have already discussed that the bearing capacity and the settlement are the two main design criteria of a shallow foundation. So, that means the soil the bearing capacity of the soil should be such that that it is adequate to carry the load that is coming from the super structure as well as the settlement should be within permissible limit. Now, today in this lecture I will discuss about the bearing capacity how to calculate the bearing capacity of a shallow foundation. Now, first before I go to this calculation or the analysis part I should discuss some terminology of this bearing capacity. So, first I will first one is the gross pressure.  That means the pressure that includes load that is coming from the super structure, the self weight of this foundation and the weight of the soil. Now, next one is the net pressure as the settlement the soil will settle after because of this net pressure because this soil pressure is already existing in this soil because then you have to remove this soil then we place this soil. So, that means at the base of this foundation the pressure that is coming from due to this soil is already there. So, the settlement will start or this after due to this net pressure that means net pressure is the gross pressure minus the pressure that is coming due to this soil. That means the if q g is the gross pressure then the net pressure will be q g minus depth of the foundation into the unit weight of this soil. Net the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil that is the ultimate load that this soil can carry before it fails. So, that means this is the ultimate load carrying capacity of the soil. So, if we re-notice the q u which is the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil next will be the net ultimate bearing capacity of the soil. So, that means the same again the net ultimate bearing capacity would be the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil minus d f into gamma where gamma is the unit weight of the soil. Then when we will get the ultimate bearing capacity and the net ultimate bearing capacity of the soil then you have to go for the net safe bearing capacity and all gross safe bearing capacity.  So, if we divide this net ultimate bearing capacity by this factor of safety then we will we will can calculate the net safe bearing capacity of the foundation or the soil.   Now, the next one is the allowable bearing pressure. Now, as I have discussed that from the bearing capacity consideration basically we will get the two pressure. One is the bearing capacity consideration that the the net load that maximum load that soil can carry before it fails. So, that means, that term we will get the net safe bearing capacity and you have to apply the factor of safety there. So, we will get the get the net safe bearing capacity and from the settlement consideration we will get another pressure that means that pressure is. So, there is within the permissible settlement that means, if we apply that that pressure within the soil then settlement of that foundation will be within that permissible limit. So, that if there is a permissible limit for the settlement that is corresponding that pressure is called the pressure for or the allow that is the maximum pressure the soil can carry for that settlement consideration. So, there is basically two criteria one is settlement consideration another is bearing capacity consideration.  So, minimum of these two will give us the allowable bearing pressure that is q allowable net. So, one is from the net safe bearing capacity then bearing capacity consideration another is the within the that settlement consideration that the minimum of these two bearing and the settlement that will give us the allowable bearing capacity bearing pressure. So, now so these are the different terms that we will use for this analysis. Now, there are now we have to calculate the bearing capacity of the foundation the first expression that I will the analysis that I will explain that is given by the Terzaghi. So, that means this is the Terzaghi's bearing capacity theory. Now, Terzaghi proposed this bearing capacity theory. So, this is the this bearing capacity theory. So, there is the some assumptions are there. So, before we start this analysis part of the bearing capacity analysis part we will go for this assumptions or the that means the footing is loaded is footing is the long strip or continuous footing resting on a homogeneous soil having shear parameters c and phi. So, that means the soil is homogeneous with a shear parameter c and phi and it is a strip footing or continuous footing. Now, as this is the strip footing or continuous footing that means the analysis is 2 d analysis. Now, soil fails in general shear failure. So, last class I have discussed the different types of failure that the one is general shear failure then the local shear failure and the punching shear failure. Now, this particular analysis of Terzaghi bearing capacity theory is valid for the general shear failure for this one. Now, the load is vertical and concentric. Now, ground surface is horizontal the base of footing is laid at a shallow depth. Now, this is for the shallow foundation. So, that means this is the base of the footing laid at the shallow depth. Now, shearing resistance of the soil between the surface and the depth of footing df is neglected. So, the footing is considered as a surface footing with uniform search as equal to depth of footing into unit weight of the soil at a level of the base of footing. So, the resistance coming from the surf the soil that is within between the surface ground surface and the base of the footing is basically neglected in place of that it is considered that one surcharge that is equal to the pressure that is coming due to that soil part is acting at that base level. So, now, if we go for this Terzaghi bearing capacity part.  So, this is ground level. Now, where width is b, b is the width of the footing and this is the base level of the foundation.  So, q e that is the ultimate load that this footing can carry. So, now, as in the first assumption this is a footing is the strip footing. So, that means this is a 2 d analysis now soil fail in general shear failure the load is vertical. So, that load that is applying is vertical and concentric that means is centrally loaded. Now, suppose this is the center line. Now, base of the footing is laid is the shallow depth. So, df is a shallow depth and the shearing resistance. So, as I mentioned the shearing resistance of the soil between this zone that means the ground this is also ground level, ground level and the base of the footing is neglected. So, in place of that it is assume that is the load that means the total pressure that is acting in this point or the base of the foundation that will be equal to q that will be gamma df into gamma where d is the depth of foundation and gamma is the unit weight of the soil. So, that is the pressure that is acting at the foundation base level. If we draw the failure surface that is assume for this analysis that is general shear failure. So, this is a triangular portion then there is a logarithm spiral and then is a straight portion. Similarly, here the triangular portion thing logarithm spiral portion and the straight portion. So, this is the failure surface that is considered for this analysis. Now, basically in this this is a symmetric. So, this part so we can say this is a three zone. So, this is the first zone or we can say this is a three zone this is the first zone. Now, this is second zone this is also second zone and this one is the third zone. So, three zones are there. So, one is this triangular portion this is the first zone. So, zone one this is called the triangular zone. Now, similarly zone two this is called zone of radial shear. Now, the zone three this is Rankine passive zone. So, these are three zones one a first zone is triangular zone this is this triangular part. The second zone is zone of radial shear I mean this zone and this zone and third zone is the Rankine passive zone. So, now the angle is considered for this analysis that means this angle is 45 degree minus phi by 2 where phi is the second zone. Fictional angle of the soil this is also 45 degree minus phi by 2. Similarly, this angle is also 45 degree minus phi by 2 and this angle is also 45 degree minus phi by 2. Now, this angle is considered phi and this angle is also considered as phi. So, this angle now here this portion this part is logarithm of spiral part is considered this is logarithm spiral then the straight portion. So, triangular part then the logarithm spiral then the straight portion. So, this straight portion this passive Rankine passive zone this angle is 45 minus phi by 2 and this angle is also 45 minus phi by 2. Similarly, these two angles are 45 minus phi by 2 in the triangular part this angle is phi this angle is also phi. Now, if I draw this free body diagram of this triangular portion. So, if I draw this free body diagram of the triangular portion. So, here we can say this is a b and d. So, and this is the center line and this is the width of the footing that is b. So, this triangular portion we are drawing here and this load that is acting that will be q u ultimate bearing capacity or load carrying capacity. So, as this consider this angle is phi and this angle is also.  Suppose, this consider here a d and b d act as a rough back of rigid wall. So, where the c and the phi this two parameter c and phi are the equivalent of the wall addition. Now, c is equivalent to the wall addition and phi is equivalent the angle of wall friction. So, now for this mean that suppose this is the free body diagram and this is the perpendicular line perpendicular to this a d and perpendicular to b d. So, these dotted lines of the perpendicular lines perpendicular to a d and perpendicular to b d. Now, here that is the p p. P p is the passive resistance that is coming from this zone 2 and 3. So, that means this portion this resistance in this triangular portion is coming from this zone 2 and these two other zones. So, this is the passive resistance that is coming from this zone that is a p p. P p is the passive resistance. So, which is acting at an angle phi with this vertical line. Similarly, here also p p is acting at a angle phi and this c a. So, because as now this phi is equivalent to this wall friction angle. So, now p p is acting as a angle of phi with this perpendicular line of this wall. Similarly, here also p p is acting as a angle phi with the perpendicular line of this wall. Now, this c a is the addition that is acting for a d and b d line. So, where c a is the addition is acting this two line. Now, we can say this c a that is equal to c into a d or c into b d, where c is the addition. So, similarly c will be the cohesion and p p is equal to the total passive resistance. So, p p is the total passive resistance that is acting here. So, this is the passive resistance c is the cohesion. Now, in this figure if we calculate the weight of this triangular portion that mean weight of. So, weight of which this triangular portion a b d if you want to calculate the weight. So, that weight will be this is the half the area this means this is the b and then this height. Now, this height is basically b by 2 into tan phi. So, with this base of this triangle is b height is b by 2 into tan phi and then the unit weight of the soil. So, this will be the weight. So, finally, we can write 1 by 4 comma b square into tan phi. So, this is the weight of this triangular wedge. Now, next we have to calculate the different components of this triangular wedge. So, if we take the different components then we can write. So, if we take this figure again we can see. So, there is a in the vertical direction if we take the different components. So, one is p p that is acting in the upward direction then q u that is acting in the downward direction then adhesion it has one component in the upward direction one component in the horizontal direction. Similarly, here also one component in the upward direction and one component in the horizontal direction. So, if we take this vertical components of all the forces then we can write that q u into b. So, q u is the total load that is acting in the downward direction that will be equal to it is the load bearing capacity of the soil that means 2 p p this passive resistance both are acting in the upward direction plus C A this adhesion in the vertical component this C A into sin phi as it is acting in the both the sides. So, this will be 2 into C A into sin phi sin phi we multiply with this C A it will get the vertical components. Then this weight of this wedge that is acting so this is the passive resistance component this is the ultimate load carrying capacity of the bearing capacity of the soil and this is the adhesion components and this weight of the wedge that is acting in the downward direction. So, this this this will be minus 1 by 4 gamma p square into tan phi. So, these are the total forces here this 2 this one and this one acting in the downward direction and this p p and this C A components you acting in the upward direction. So, now we can see now here as we have mentioned that C A is equal to C into D A or C into B D. Now, from this figure we can write this D A is equal to B D that will be equal to B by 2 divided by cos phi. So, here in this figure we can write this B A as this height is B by 2 into tan phi. Similarly, this side ad or B D is B by 2 divided by cos phi. So, we can replace this value here in the C A. So, we will get C A is equal to C into B by 2 divided by cos phi. Now, if we put this C A value here in this equation. So, this will be Q U into B equal to 2 p p plus 2 into C into B divided by 2 divided by cos phi minus 1 by 4 gamma into B square into tan phi. So, this will be the tan phi. So, further simplify you can get this 2 p p plus B into C. There is another term here that is sin phi because this 2 C A is replaced by C into B by 2 cos phi and sin phi is there. So, this 2 to cancel. So, this will be this B C into sin phi by cos phi this will be tan phi. So, minus 1 4th gamma B square into tan phi. So, now this consider this p p this total passive resistance it has 3 components basically.  So, this resistance are coming from 3 parts one is for the weight of the soil this gamma c is due to the cohesion and q is due to the surcharge. So, that surcharge we have consider here for this part. So, this q is the surcharge that we have consider here. So, that means this q that is replaced the surcharge that means gamma d f d f into gamma. So, now here p p will get this p p gamma that will get. So, first components is p p gamma. So, this is produced by the weight of the soil in which this assume the soil is cohesion less and negligible surcharge. So, this is the contribution because of the weight of the soil. This is produced by the weight of the soil in shear zone and it is as per the assumed that soil is cohesion less that means c is equal to 0 and negligible surcharge. So, q is also equal to 0. So, q and c both are 0 in this condition the resistance that is produced by the weight of the soil is called as p p gamma. Second one this second resistance this is p p c it is the produced by the soil cohesion. This is produced by the soil cohesion assume that the soil is weight less and negligible surcharge. So, assuming that weight less soil and negligible surcharge. Similarly, the third component that is p p q it is also produced by the surcharge assuming that the soil is weight less and also cohesion less. So, in here in this third condition soil is weight less and cohesion less that contribution due to the surcharge is called p p gamma. So, now if we put this value in the final expression.  So, if p p is the summation of 3 parts. So, if we replace this equation by this is 2 p p gamma plus p p c plus p p q plus b c into tan phi minus 1 by 4 gamma b square into tan phi. Now, let we consider that 2 p p gamma minus 1 by 4 gamma b square tan phi. Now, let we consider that 2 p p gamma minus 1 by 4 gamma b square tan phi is equal to b into half gamma b square tan phi. So, we replace this term 2 p p gamma minus 1 by 4 gamma b square into tan phi by this expression b half gamma into b into n gamma. And 2 p p c plus b c into tan phi is replaced by b into c n c. But c is the equation and again 2 p p q is replaced by b into q into n q. Now, where this n c n q n gamma these are toss the keys bearing capacity factor. So, this is the toss the keys bearing capacity factor. So, finally, if we write this replace this expression by this terms then the final expression will be q u. So, if we put this in this expression so, this will be q u is equal to c n c plus q n q plus half gamma b n c plus half gamma n gamma. So, where c is the cohesion of the soil, n c is the bearing capacity factor of toss the keys bearing capacity factor q is we can write that q is equal to gamma d f is d f into gamma. So, gamma is the unit weight of the soil and this is half b is the width of the foundation. So, this is the 3 components of 3 part. This is the contribution due to the cohesion, this contribution due to the surcharge and this is the contribution due to the weight of the soil. So, ultimately this is the final expression where we will get the ultimate load carrying capacity of the foundation.  Now, where we can write this terms this bearing capacity terms that we can write that n c toss the keys given this bearing capacity factors value this is cot phi into a square divided by 2 cos square divided by 2 cos square divided by 2 pi by 4 plus pi by 2 minus 1. This is n c similarly, n q will be a square divided by 2 cos square pi by 4 plus pi by 2 and n gamma we can write this is half gamma b n tan phi k p gamma minus k p gamma divided by cos square phi is total minus 1. So, where this a is equal to e to the power 3 pi by 4 minus pi by 2 into tan phi and k p gamma divided by 2 is equal to passive earth pressure coefficient. So, this is passive earth pressure coefficient. Now, if phi is equal to 0 then n c will be 5.7 n q will be 1 and n gamma will be 0. So, from this expression we can write q u will be n c 5.7 into c plus n q part is 1. So, into q and n gamma part is 0. So, this is the ultimate load carrying capacity of the soil and then q net ultimate that will be q ultimate minus q. So, this will be 5.7 into c plus n q part is 1. So, into q and n gamma part is 0. So, this is the ultimate load carrying capacity of the soil and then q net ultimate that will be q ultimate minus q. So, this will be 5.7 into c or 5.7 into c undrained cohesion of the soil. So, now by using this expression we can determine what will be the this load bearing capacity of this soil or this foundation. Now, this is the basic expression this expression now where c q gamma b this we can this gamma is the unit weight of the soil. So, b is the width of the if we know this. So, from this expression we can see this bearing capacity of the soil this depends on the soil property that is c and phi of the soil. Then this surcharge of the I mean the depth of the soil depth of the foundation and width of the foundation that means the geometry of the foundation then the soil properties also. So, now this is the basic expression which is derived for the vertical and concentric loading condition it is for homogeneous soil and so this is simplified expression. So, now in the next lecture I will discuss the different condition the general type. So, for inclined loading or if there is a moment is there then how will determine this bearing capacity. So, this is the simple expression that we can use. So, here one thing that this n c n q n gamma expressions are given because these are the n c n q n gamma expressions. So, by using this expression we can calculate the this bearing capacity Tazaki's bearing capacity factors for different see different phi values. Now, Tazaki has also proposed or given this bearing capacity factor in a tabular form for different phi values. So, that expression values are given here. So, here we can see this is the Tazaki's bearing capacity factors this is the table for different phi is starting from 0 this is for as I have mentioned for the 0 degree phi value this n c is 5.7 n q is 1 and n gamma is 0. So, it starts from 0 to 50 degree. So, corresponding n c value n q value n gamma value. So, these values are given. So, by using these charts we can determine. So, if we know the geometry of this foundation or the width of the foundation then the depth of the foundation and we know the if we know the soil properties then by using this table we can determine this bearing capacity factor. Then we can use this bearing capacity factor in this our general expression and then we can calculate the ultimate load bearing capacity of this foundation. Now, another thing is given that this expression that is derived is valid for the different general shear failure. So, that I have mentioned now if the soil fails in local shear failure then how to incorporate those effect in this expression. Now, that is also possible in this expressions. So, suppose this is for the previous one was for the general shear failure and this is for local shear failure. Now, local shear failure Tazaki's as recommended that the shear strength parameter this parameter this is C is converted to C m and phi is also converted to phi m. Now, how this for this is this C is for cohesion for the general shear failure and C m is the cohesion for local shear failure and phi is the cohesion angle for general shear failure and phi m is the friction angle for local shear failure. Now, how to convert this thing now C m will be two-third of C and tan phi m that will be equal to two-third of tan phi. So, phi m value it will be tan inverse of tan phi two-third of tan. So, now in place of phi and C we have to use this phi m and C m when we calculate the load bearing capacity of the soil in place of local shear failure. So, now we have to use this expression in case of local shear failure that is q ultimate this will be two-third of C n c dash plus q n q dash plus half gamma p n gamma dash. So, where this n c dash n q dash n gamma dash are the bearing capacity factors in case of local shear failure. Whereas, n c n q n gamma these were the bearing capacity factors for general shear failure. So, this n c dash n q dash n gamma dash are determined using the same expression but we have to replace phi by phi m and then we can determine this n c dash n q dash n q dash n gamma dash by using the same expression. Here also, Tazdaq has given this n c dash n gamma dash n q dash values in a tabular form. So, here so this is the Tazdaq bearing capacity factors under this local shear failure where this is the phi value from 0 to 50 degree. So corresponding phi value what will be the value of n c dash n q dash and n gamma dash. So, these values are given here. So, if you know the phi value and if the soil fails in local shear failure then we have to use n c dash n q dash n gamma dash instead of n c n q and n gamma. So, here we will get the different value of n c dash n q dash and n gamma dash. Now generally it is observed that if phi is greater than equal to 36 degrees then it indicates that this is a general shear failure and if phi less than equal to 29 degrees then it is local shear failure. So, if soil fails in general shear failure or if it is a dense soil or stiff clay then we can use this previous expression for the general shear failure and if soil fails in local shear failure then this medium dense or moderate sand then we have to use this expression we have to convert this c to c n and phi to phi m then we have to use this expression. So, this final expression is for the local shear failure. Now the next thing is that these expressions are derived for strip footing. So, these expressions are derived for the strip footing. Now if soil this footing is circular and square footing then also we can use this expression with some modification. So, Tazaki has recommended that how we will use because this expression general expression is valid for the strip footing. So, how we will use this expression for the circular footing or square footing. Now if the so that the general expression for any type of footing so we can write this is alpha 1 c n c and plus q n q plus alpha 2 gamma p n gamma. Now as I have already mentioned that for the strip footing this alpha 1 is equal to 1 and alpha 2 is equal to 0.5. Now for the circular footing this alpha 1 is equal to 1.3 and alpha 2 is equal to 0.3. So, alpha 1 is 1.3 and alpha 2 is 0.3. Now for the square footing alpha 1 is also 1.3 and alpha 2 is equal to 0.4. So, for the square footing the expression will be 1.3 c n c plus q n q plus 0.4 gamma b n gamma. So, n q n c n gamma values that we will get from this table if we know the phi value. So, here also for different other type of footing the circular square we can use this expression also. Now one thing that in this expression that we have derived. So, in this expression we have not considered the effect of water table. So, that effect we have to consider here. Now here see if we take the effect of water table suppose this is the footing whose width is b and depth is d f. Now these are the points that we have position of water table. Suppose this is the so water table can be above the base of footing or below the base of footing. So, now we have taken the different we will consider the different cases where we put this water table. So, that can be above the base of footing. So, this is the position of the water table or that can be below the base of footing. So, this is the base of the footing that can be below the base of the footing. So, this is another position of the ground level. So, here this ground level we can locate this ground level at distance of d w from the ground level and if it is below the base of the footing then you can locate this ground level position by d w dash is measured from the base of the footing. Now, we will consider the different cases. Now, for the first cases or first case now here we consider that above this soil level. So, suppose if we take this figure. So, this is the ground level this is the base of the footing where b is the width and d f is the depth of the foundation. Now, suppose this is the position of the ground level here this is d w and this is the another position of the ground level ground water level. So, this is d w dash now first case that if case 1 the first case if d w dash greater than equal to b. So, first case is that the ground level that means this position of this ground water table below the base is equal to or greater than width of the foundation. So, now in this general expression we can write our expression is q u c n c plus q n q plus half b gamma n gamma. In this n q term this is d f is gamma. So, we can see that here this d f into gamma is there. So, this gamma is basically the unit weight of the soil above the foundation base and this gamma because these two gammas in two parts. So, this gamma is the unit weight of the soil below the foundation base. So, this is the second first term second term and third term. So, first term is unit weight that means gamma less and then the second term there is one gamma that gamma is basically above the foundation base and the next one is the below the foundation base second one. Now, in the case 1 if d w dash is greater than equal to b then gamma will be gamma t or gamma bulk. So, gamma will be gamma bulk as this is natural unit weight condition. So, both the case that means the water table will not affect this bearing capacity expression. So, if the natural gamma is natural unit weight of the soil is gamma t or gamma bulk then the both the cases. So, this expression also you have to use the gamma bulk and this expression also you have to use the gamma bulk. Now, if case 2 you will consider this d w dash is equal to 0. So, this is the case 2. So, if d w dash is equal to 0 this case 2 that means the water ground water table level is at the base of the footing then we have to consider the gamma sub that is gamma sat minus gamma w. So, this is gamma sub merge gamma sat. So, this gamma we have to used for second term for half b gamma n gamma portion and gamma t or gamma bulk for q n q part. So, here if first case d w dash greater than equal to b then you will have to use gamma t for both the cases this part and this part. Now, if d w dash is equal to 0 then you have to consider gamma sub for this part. This part you have to use the gamma sub and this part you have to use gamma bulk. Now, for the case 3 that d w dash is less than equal to d w dash b or less than equal to b or you can say this is greater than b. Then we have to use gamma is equal to gamma sub plus d w dash divided by b into gamma t minus gamma sub for half b gamma n gamma and gamma t for q n q. So, if d w dash is less than equal to b then you have to use this gamma value in this part and gamma t for this part. Now, case 4 that if water table is at g l. So, if water table is at g l then both the parts you have to use the gamma sub. Here also you have to use the gamma sub here also you have to use the gamma sub. So, here also for both the parts. Now, for the case 5 that d w is less than equal to 0 and less than equal to d f then gamma will be gamma sub plus d w by d f into gamma t minus gamma sub for q n q and for the second part for this part you have to use the gamma sub and gamma sub for half b gamma n gamma. So, if the water table is greater than 0 and less than d f then you have to use this gamma for this part and gamma sub for this part. So, these are the 5 cases where we can include the water table effect putting this water table position at different location and we can incorporate the water table effect with a different unit weight that is used in the expression. In the next lecture I will explain the other effect this is the loading inclination effect then the shape of the foundation effect depth of the foundation effect in this expression. So, in general time those things I will explain in the next lecture. Thank you.