Ahoy, ahoy, and welcome to the video, a little bit late. I'm Dr. Sumerian, not a real doctor, and I know I said on a community post that I would try and get a video out at least once a week, but I have had some serious trouble in getting any recording time done because my current environment is terrible for recording. Today we're going to try and get through my 7,000 contest entry. Before we get started, hit the subscribe button and hit the notification bell next to that so you're notified when I upload new videos. It really helps the channel out when, you know, the subscriber number goes up. And yeah, this is something I wrote after the incident where nature tried to give me a skylight I didn't want in my living space. Item number SCP-7000 Object Class Euclid Special Containment Procedures SCP-7000-1 is not allowed to leave Foundation employment for any reason. SCP-7000-1 is to be monitored at all times and improbable events should be logged. Additional measures are to be taken once there is a better understanding of the core anomaly or anomalies involving SCP-7000. Description SCP-7000 is an unexplained probabilistic phenomenon surrounding Dr. Jeremiah Sumerian, hereafter referred to as SCP-7000-1. This phenomenon causes unusual and unlikely events to occur in any situation where SCP-7000-1's life is in danger. While these unusual probabilistic outcomes do not necessarily result in SCP-7000 remaining uninjured, it has uniformly led to a survival in all recorded circumstances. This effect does not extend to any other individuals or property surrounding or near to SCP-7000-1. SCP-7000 occurs without need of conscious thought and without any regard for the wishes of SCP-7000-1. Additionally, when SCP-7000-1 deliberately places himself in life-threatening situations, SCP-7000 will still prevent SCP-7000-1's death. Current understanding of this effect indicates that it has been in place since SCP-7000-1's birth. It is also believed that some or all information regarding SCP-7000-1's life prior to Foundation employment is fabricated. SCP-7000-1 is not visibly aged during his 10 years in Foundation employee, though given the short time period this is not a definitive indicator. It has been surmised that the phenomenon that keeps the entity alive during short-term emergencies has also acted over the long term to prevent incomplete or imperfect cell replication. Tissue samples extracted from SCP-7000-1 are not under the effects of SCP-7000 and appear to replicate and die normally. Show SCP-7000-A incident record. The following is a log of the investigation which led to SCP-7000's discovery. On July 21, 2022, Dr. Sumerian was staying at a Foundation safe house in central Alabama. Around 1600 local time, a flash storm generated severe winds. These winds sheared off a large section of a tree which then fell onto the room that SCP-7000-1 was working from. Despite total destruction of the room, SCP-7000-1 suffered no serious harm. As part of the project, Dr. Sumerian was investigating per his duties as a Floating Ethics Committee liaison. Several macroscopic probability detectors had been placed around the safe house to protect against an incursion by agents of the serpent's hand, falling in attack the previous month. These detectors recorded a spike of 16 dimorphs. A dimorph is a general measurement of how much a particular incident deviates from standard probabilistic predictions. A higher number indicates a more improbable result at the time of the event. Given the dimorph scale's baseline of 1, this was determined to be significant enough to investigate. This investigation came to three conclusions. The probability event was of significant nature and protected SCP-7000-1 from harm. The serpent's hand was not active in the area at the time of the event and it is unlikely that this probability event was causally linked to the attack on the safe house in June. And three, Dr. Sumerian's personal history both before and during his Foundation employment indicates frequent similar events. Considering this, the Ethics Committee has placed Dr. Sumerian on an administrative leave until such a time as this and similar events can be fully investigated. The following is an incomplete log of events gathered in the last 48 hours involving Dr. Sumerian both before and during his employment at the SCP Foundation. On December 8, 2009, in Maputo Mozambique, an estimated dimorph reading of four was applied to an incident where a helicopter Dr. Sumerian was riding in suffered a severe mechanical failure resulting from an impact with a rocket propelled grenade that did not detonate. The helicopter was able to make a safe landing and all crew and passengers survived. In March 19, 2010, in Vladivostok, Russia, a rating of 12 was applied to an incident where during a fact-finding mission in eastern Russia Dr. Sumerian became involved in a short relationship with a Russian GRU agent. This mission ended after Dr. Sumerian's hospitalization following a bomb explosion and the derailment of the train on which he was riding. He was one of two survivors of that event. April 26, 2012, in Erie, Indiana, an unknown rating was applied to an incident where Dr. Sumerian was isolated from his team during an investigation into an occult organization that was attempting to summon a trio of deities. He used the gun of one of the fallen agents and eliminated the emergent entities before they were fully formed. On October 11, 2014, in Mobile, Alabama, a rating of 3 to 6 was applied to an incident where, while shopping, Dr. Sumerian was trapped under three ceiling-posture-pedic hybrid mattresses for 28 hours. He was freed after the store owner returned on Monday morning. While this has been reported anecdotally by others who learned of it afterwards, it has not yet been independently verified. On February 29, 2016, near Montgomery, Alabama on Interstate 65, a rating of 8 was applied to an incident where Dr. Sumerian was involved in a firefight during the transport of a highly dangerous SCP object. He managed to deal with his pursuers, but the vehicle he was riding in was struck by a semi-trailer truck carrying coal. Dr. Sumerian was the only survivor of both the incident and the following accident. January 12, 2019, in Biloxi, Mississippi, a rating of 24 was applied to an incident where Dr. Sumerian was thrown out of a plane by chaos insurgency agents while flying approximately 2.5 kilometers above sea level. He survived with serious but non-life-threatening injuries after crashing through several tree branches, landing in a trampoline in a backyard, and then bouncing into a pool. Note, I know we experience unlikely events daily, but this should have been investigated more thoroughly when it occurred. Dr. Gears On June 25, 2021, at Site 88 in Alabama, a rating of 32 was applied to an incident where Dr. Sumerian survived the explosion of a go-tracks hoverboard that Dr. Gerald was attempting to demonstrate the use of. On July 21, 2022, in Birmingham, Alabama, a rating of 16 was applied to the incident described in the dash A log above. Dr. Gears has performed a post-incident interview with SCP-7000-1. The log of that interaction is below. The date of the interview? July 24, 2022, the subject, SCP-7000-1, interviewer, Dr. Gears. Begin log. I wanted to talk about the incident at the safe house. Yeah, the roof tried to kill me. What happened? Was it a tree? Well, from the looks of it, a tree split in the next yard over, but then it fell into another tree that split off and crashed into the house. How much damage was there? Catastrophic. Honestly, if the hand already knows about the place, we ought to just put it down as a loss. You are probably right. Are you feeling all right? Yeah, I'm shaking up a bit. I mean, I was five feet from certain death. I don't think it's fully hit me yet. I can't imagine. But this is not the first time something like this has happened. Yes? Are you talking about the plane thing? That and a few other things. The bombing in Russia comes to mind. There is a delay of several seconds before the interview continues. So you want to know how I got scarred? No. I went to parse an incongruity. Gears, you tell me if they were considering a designation for me, right? Do you feel as though you need one? Of some fives, some things that other people didn't. Statistically, that's bound to happen from time to time. It does seem to happen more often to you than others. Does it not? We work for the foundation. We're put into life and death situations regularly. If we didn't survive, we wouldn't be here to ask about how we survived. Are you familiar with the Damarov sensors? I am. And? And I think it's more interesting when the character survives. What is more interesting? The story. I mean, if your characters died every time something bad happened, I wouldn't be much of a reason to keep reading. Samaria and I don't understand. Well, that's because I'm not talking to you. SCP-7000-1 looks directly at the hidden camera recording this interaction. I don't want to die. There, I said it. I mean, it's not something I'm proud of, but it is something that is certainly true. I think it's true for a lot of people, actually. It's just such a primal fear that it's hard for people to put it into words normally. Actually, let's break out of the box. I had a bit more confining than I'd like. So you've always known I don't want to die on some level, but it wasn't until I started writing on the SCP Wiki that it came into sharp focus. I first found the Wiki in 2012, so like 10 years ago next month. I was browsing around on TV trips and kept coming across tropes from the Wiki on other pages. Eventually, I clicked through and it wasn't quite as big at the time, but it was still pretty popular. And then I tried to write something, and it was very bad. Hit on all the cliches, used a copyrighted image. On some level, a little embarrassing, I think. So I left, you know. I came back in 2014, and then I tried again. The Wiki's attitude at the time wasn't necessarily always positive to new writers, but I persevered and I got something to stick. Also, it wasn't very good, but it was good enough. And then I bounced around for a while, finding writers I liked, learning from them, then bouncing off when they disappeared, and on and on and on. Now, I think it's fair to say I'm one of the site's most recognizable authors. Writer wrong, because, you know, but it's certainly true. What does that have to do with my fear of death? Well, I create in order to be unforgettable, to be undeniable. I want to make worlds and stories that will be told long, long after I'm gone. And my immortality is in my work. My work is how I breathe, I create a character that hates himself and people love, and I create continents, or forests, and nations, and mountains, with long story histories, and then I can just shatter them in a moment. It's all there, but it's all a part of me. So always, and for all time, writing is how I know myself. I've always held that to be the truest purpose of creating anything, to know oneself. I started to find patterns in my writing, too. I mean, I write about a mortal white guy's troubling amount, but what does that say about me? I think the white guy part is probably negotiable, though it probably speaks to a certain amount of self-projection, but the immortality comes up again, and again, and again, and I think it's like I said earlier, I just don't want to die. And then two days ago, the roof really did cave in on me, and I was left sitting amongst trouble, looking over at the heavy-wooden rafters that landed edge-wise on where my bed used to be. Rain started pouring in, and I had to act to save some stuff pretty quickly and immediately, but about two hours later, I finally had a moment to sit and reflect, and I just kind of sat there and stared off into the middle distance, reflecting on the events of the day, worrying about the future, certainly, but also knowing that I'd come mightily close to the one thing I most fear. And then I finally grabbed the laptop that I'd managed to save from the dust and chaos and rain, and I opened it up, and I sat on the floor of my living room, I loaded up Discord and I started talking about it.  And here we are. I hope you like it, because this just proves what I've always known deep down, one way or another, I am going to live forever. Thanks for reading it, and genuinely, good luck to everyone else. Dr. Gears.  SCP-7000-1 returns his attention to Dr. Gears. I guess we will take that into consideration then, and log. Thank you very much for watching. That's my 7K entry. I don't know what number I'm going to end up grabbing at the end of all this. I'm definitely not going to win. But I'm in place of it. It's rated at plus 190 right now, and it's not even been up for a month yet. So it's doing pretty good. But this is what it is. That's what it says. It's like, I wish it would do better. But also, it would be silly of me to complain about its performance. But yeah, no, I think it's good times. I'm happy with it. I'm happy with it right now. If you enjoyed the video, now I already talked about hitting the subscribe button and the notification button. But if you'd like to help out, I will say, I have a GoFundMe. I'm going to have it in the top of the description. But there's also my Patreon. If you'd like to submit or submit, if you'd like to pledge on Patreon, that would also be incredibly helpful. You can join Christina Amos and Cinderiki as $100 pledges, if you'd like, or any lower numbers, fine too. Those are just the names that I announced based on the pledge numbers. Or you'd go to the GoFundMe and try and help me reach my goal. Boy, howdy. Did I lose pretty much everything except for my electronics, which would have been a pretty heavy cost. So those are the things I was managed to save in time before the rain and destruction got everything. It got super moldy in there. But we finally cleaned it out. Anyway, thank you very much for watching. And thanks for letting me know that I'm not alone out here. I will see you all again next week. I'm not exactly sure when, but next week.


These epidemic events are getting more and more disruptive to health and to economy and the reason we call the event 201 is we knew eventually one of these days one of those events would be the big one and that big one would really challenge our capacity to respond and to respond to the big one we do need to have all hands on deck. Participants are confronted by a hypothetical scenario that presents to them the challenges of a response so we will say here's a hypothetical disease outbreak this is the way it might be evolving and these are some of the challenges that you'll see that you'll have to address to to address the disruptions that you're seeing to your health care system or to your to your organization. All stakeholders realize pretty quickly just how underprepared we are and just how much is possible when we work together and that the individual actions of any government or company won't add up to a proper global response I think if we're honest with ourselves collectively the international community has never done enough to respond to global health security challenges that we knew before COVID that the world was underprepared for biological risk. We walked into the room in New York if you would have asked are you do you think the world is prepared for a pandemic? I think everyone around that table would have said no but it's when they walked out I think it's when we really knew that if we are going to get ready we need to have operationalized and integrated public-private cooperation that we haven't seen before.


My name is Brent Halderman. I'm the farm manager here at the Farm at Windy Hill. We're located in Mentone, Alabama. As the farm manager, I mostly just kind of directs the work and the workflow. We have five full-time staff right now. The Farm at Windy Hill was started in 2014 and Phil and Marcia Hurt were the longtime owners and directors of Camp De Soto for Girls, and they had dreamed for a long time, along with their daughter, of what it would look like to invite their young campers into farm life. We raise cattle here for beef. We have laying hens that produce eggs and over the last few years we've expanded into growing cut flowers and some fruit in our young orchard to to add to the other produce we were already growing. Those are some of the things we do outside of hosting campers all summer for six years into a journey of learning how to use tunnels. Originally, we built two high tunnels and they're both 96 foot long. We recognized from other people's advice and from our own experience how we could grow higher quality tomatoes undercover in the summer, kind of protecting them from the environmental stresses of rain particularly. We stopped trying to ever drive a tractor in here and just do hand work and just create really fertile soil. The soil in these tunnels, it's kind of like they're in the desert. They always stay warmer and they never get rainfall. It's just kind of this artificial warmer pocket of space. The soils need almost like an artificial rain event each year. So we, when a crop is finished, we may just like purposely irrigate it, you know, try to get like three or four inches or something like that of water just to flush those soils out. So now we're going to walk over to the first high tunnel we ever built, high tunnel one over here. Tomatoes are going to go here very soon, but we tried to squeeze in a crop of some greens. I think we probably seeded some arugula, a greens mix called ovations that we like to grow and then there's some little radishes and a lot of hickory turnips growing on the outsides of these rows and we were just trying to squeeze in a little crop to use this space a little more effectively before we prepped it for tomatoes. Left to center open on purpose, again thinking about tomatoes are first priority. It might be kind of challenging to get this arugula. We might be able to just put a piece of black fabric over this bed with holes in the very center for tomatoes and I might not, I may be able to just basically let the arugula and the ovations mix here just kind of get smothered out underneath. Here we have a few rows of hickory turnips. Yeah, they're a little, little small, maybe planted a little too close to grow through the size we would like, but they still have nice greens on them. Sometimes you can't control the timeline exactly. It would have liked for them to be ready to harvest already, but we're waiting on them. We're being patient. They'll go at least golf ball size. I feel like they get bigger in here with how warm it's starting to get in this tunnel. We'll probably try to harvest them when they're a little small, but they're really delicious, like sweet, like lots of like water content in these really refreshing to eat some of these turnips. In the back side we had some carrots that we harvested a little late and we decided to just go ahead and prep the soil and tarp it back there. We cleaned up the carrots. We broad forked the soil to kind of loosen the soil down deeper. We put out what we felt like was the appropriate fertilizer blend for this tunnel. We smoothed the beds out with rakes and then we we irrigated. We wetted those beds down back there and got them moist and then we put the tarp down. And the reason we did that was those beds are completely prepped. They don't need to be raked, broad forked, anything. They don't need to be touched before tomatoes are planted, but by by wetting them down and then putting that solid tarp out, the hope is that we will create like more of a stale seed bed. We want that moist soil, all the weed seeds and things that are in there to go ahead and sprout. We want the warmth that the tarp is causing that soil to warm up and hopefully even some of the like nasty summer weeds like crabgrass that we have might actually pre sprout under there and then die because of lack of sunlight or maybe because of the intensity of the heat. And we'll pull it off and we'll prep this half and then we will use the black woven landscape fabric with holes burned in them to plant three rows of tomatoes in here. As we've built a couple new caterpillar tunnels I'd like to move to a place of where we can treat the whole tunnel more the same if that makes sense. It makes it management a little bit easier, but sometimes we're trying to do lots of little different things and we end up treating one half the tunnel differently than the other. Do you need this much space between your high tunnels? The answer is no. Part of it was we, when they were built, we weren't sure how much space we needed. We knew that it took a lot of space to get the plastic up onto the tunnel. So by the time we built the second one we wanted to leave space for that. The other thing is we knew that there's actually a bit of a slope here and so we were trying to build them in a way that they would sit relatively level. We can't move them now. If I were to do it again, we would have invested more to bring in the soil we needed and we would have probably put them closer together. But we were instead trying to use the soil we had at hand and kind of scrape it together to get the good top soil up inside the tunnel. So here we're going to walk into high tunnel two. We have obviously a lot of spinach. We actually had double, we had two rows of spinach in here and we've just turned over one of those crops in preparation for some summer crops over here on the other side. But we still think we might have a one or two harvest out of this spinach over here even though it's starting to kind of slow down and the heat starting to affect it. And then we grow a lot of cut flowers here in the middle row. We have a lot of renunculus. We have some anemones which were growing like crazy over the last month. They actually seem like they're starting to slow down a little bit. We've had a lot of success growing and selling flowers in the spring and especially in the summer. But the renunculus and the anemones and a few of these other things that we've overwintered in here, they are helping us expand kind of into the earlier spring and have flowers well before when we used to. So people really are excited to see flowers after a long winter. This year I would like to not grow any tomatoes outside. So that's our six year journey. We would plant three to four hundred tomatoes total and a hundred and fifty of them would be inside of a high tunnel because that's all we had space for. We would seed tomatoes in January. We would plant them in these high tunnels sometime in April. They might start producing tomatoes by the end of June, but we would harvest tomatoes in these high tunnels not just for a month or two, but all the way up to October, even sometimes in November. And they may have lost some of their flavor by then because they kind of used up all the fertilizer in the soil or the temperature was a little off. The tomatoes just lived so long because they were not getting blight, which was occurring very fast when we would grow tomatoes outdoors. So blight was, again, just that problem that we saw, whether it was late blight or early blight or exactly what was causing it, we think it was just not having rainfall, splashing soil and maybe the blight that was living in the soil up onto the leaves. But that's what we observed from growing tomatoes in here. We're looking at a 100-foot-long caterpillar tunnel. We purchased it from farmer's friend a couple years ago.  Caterpillar tunnels are just, they're not kind of, they're not in the ground quite as much. They're pipes slid over rebar. So they're easier to move if we ever had like a major soil problem. For example, maybe, and we just needed to move to another spot and treating them as a no-till space and trying to grow kind of crop after crop in bees and just much more intentionally kind of using this soil as opposed to our summer fields where we are using tillage and for the most part it's very summer focused and growing summer crops. I've bought a lot of this landscape fabric as well as a lot of our irrigation stuff we buy from irrigation mart. Farmer's friend is a company outside of Nashville, Tennessee and they kind of manufacture a lot of the parts for this and it's a lot of work to put one up and yet I didn't have to figure out where to source all this stuff. I would just order it all from them. It came in a kit, caterpillar tunnel kit. And you can add things. This particular caterpillar tunnel has a 16-inch lift kit so you'll notice the little bit of a riser on each side which gives us a little more height. We have an overhead irrigation kit that came from them. I feel like I'm always experimenting. I think most of the people who work here would probably just laugh about they would quote me behind my back and probably say like one of my most common sayings is like we're going to do an experiment because that's what we're always doing. The proper way to do an experiment would be to do half of it probably that way and do half of it the old way. I'm not sure it's always worked out that way here but normally we try to do some but not all when we try to change things. I think we've just grown in our confidence over the last few years to do two things differently. It's to start trellising our cucumbers and tomatoes differently up to the ceilings inside of our high tunnels and things and using this black woven fabric this year. We've really made a big jump because of some of what we've seen on other farms. Growing the Napa cabbage in the black fabric not only have they grown faster and higher quality with no environmental stress but there's actually been less insect pressure when we've used that black fabric and underneath that black fabric is actually it's a great mulch like there's a lot of great moisture attention and the soil is actually really cool underneath that black fabric when I instinctively would think it would be extra hot under there. It's a new step for us just trying to grow more things on this fabric rather than bare soil which we're excited about and also out in the field we're going to try to use less black plastic laid out by our mulch layer and rather just make a raised bed and put this over top of it. It's a plastic material that's pretty heavy duty again our hope is that it will last for several years. This is a roll that we put a single hole down the center at either two foot or 18 inch spacing for tomatoes. This will go in our high tunnel and have tomatoes transplanted in them next week. Here's an example of one of those pieces of fabric that we actually made just a few days ago just in preparation for our lettuce and so lettuce transplants will be planted in there. The rows I believe are 10 inches apart but then within the row the holes are just 6 inches apart. So this is a template we made to make two different patterns of holes on fabric for two different types of lettuce. So even though there's like 10 rows here it's basically a template to make the rows with the green paint put out a 5 row pattern for summer crisp lettuce and then the rows without the green paint are actually a little bit tighter spacing to make a pattern for our Salanova lettuce mix and Salanova lettuce heads can be a bit tighter. So Ray Tyler, we watched his lettuce master class videos through that we were able to kind of get the idea of making a template. We will lay out the black fabric and then we'll lay the template on top of them and you'll burn through the holes in the wood and you'll burn out holes in the black fabric. These three fields I think we planted maybe 800 row feet of carrots. It's always hard to make that decision to try to grow them outside but we had grown so many carrots in our high tunnels and our caterpillar tunnel that we didn't feel like we could follow it up with another carrot crop so we seeded them here in the field and they've had some really bad storms. We had a 5 inch rain last week and I think the week before that we had a really tough rain. We actually had hail here. I think it was like dime sized hail. So these beds got beat up with very hard rain and yeah it's just an example of kind of what we're not we're not wanting to farm this way and this way only though sometimes we've done this to try to grow more carrots so it's a good example of the challenges of when you do that. Dr. A has been a resource for us via email especially I think we kind of heard of him or met him at a conference and have asked him questions over email. I might be getting this name wrong but I think Dr. Kimball from Auburn has been a resource for me answering questions about vegetables some problems we've seen through the years have been able to ask him questions or get in contact with him through our local extension agent. When I first started out here and my main focus was growing vegetables those contacts and those resources to learn were really because I didn't have a lot of knowledge coming in I mean that was really what got me by I mean that's what got me a start. You know there were some great books there's great books out there by guys like Elliot Coleman but you know some of those live in person contacts that you might listen to at a conference or be able to have contact with via email or over phone were so important. As a summer focus farm the greenhouse gets extremely full in April and May and then it empties back out because we're trying to grow all of those summer crops and grow nice healthy transplants that'll go out right after the frost free day. The greenhouse is a little larger than we probably would need but the greenhouse is a place where campers come a lot they seed their own seeds in there it's like a work and education space it's not just a place where we start seeds for our own gardens and our own vegetable production. We're still starting things like tomatoes in January and it's way too large of a space to heat to just grow 200 tomatoes and that's why we've tried to build like an inner greenhouse basically like a heat zone and we're really right at the tipping point where that room is probably not going to be used much more and the seeding list over the next couple weeks is quite extensive. For us, for our size, I think we're probably going to seed like all of our okra here in a week or two and so we'll just start to fill this outer greenhouse up and we'll stop using that little room. We have over the last five years worked with a soil consultant. Her name is Mrs. Ellen we met her at a SOG conference several years back I believe her consulting company is now called Plant Plant to Profit and she has helped us develop a blend that we buy from Midwestern BioAg and it really really helps save time where we're able to apply you know seven or eight different types of organic amendments all in one blend. So while it might be cheaper to buy each of those products individually, it is not cheaper to try to spread seven products separately. This is how it comes on a palette it's really just seeking to address you know our nutrients for our vegetable fields We've decided to buy the Fort V mix from Vermont Composting to use as our potting soil in our greenhouse Every year we've used different potting soils and we've just seen the difference this is definitely a very high end more expensive potting soil but we're not greenhouse experts we're hiring people who are maybe rather inexperienced caring for a greenhouse and if I don't have time to do it we've just found that one of the ways to close that gap in knowledge would be to just have a really good potting soil This potting soil takes away the need for any kind of supplement supplemental fertilizer for example it's biologically active and alive and it's got real compost in it and we've tried the cheaper potting mixes potting mixes that you need to add some fertilizer in or your transplants are just not going to be very good by the time they're ready to be put out in the field When I came here to Windy Hill the soils were not particularly very very good we knew that we had soil that was a little more poor it was depleted from years of just this being a hay farm and so we wanted to use cover crops to try to bring that back but also we had lots of space we knew we were going to grow three to four acres of vegetables at most and this is a 200 acre farm so rather than like having fields that we just use constantly and rotate crops through them we chose to use cover crops a lot even like let plots rest meaning for like an entire year so what that's translated into would be we might grow two acres of vegetables every year but we've got four acres of field space so since this plot is resting for this entire year this is a great one for them to graze and it has a blend of cool season annuals there's a lot of oats and crimson clover in there as well as like forage kale, daikon radishes, hairy vetch trying to think if there's anything else a little bit of rye grass at least those things are all in there we bring the cows in, let them graze it'll regrow and they might graze it again before we use a no-till drill to drill summer summer annuals in this plot which we will also probably graze with the cattle we're going to plant a summer crop here if there were no cows involved I might have to mow it and then disc it three times or something like that to get the soil ready whereas I've observed if we can bring the cows in and graze extra heavy it's almost like they're digesting and processing the cover crop before it goes into the soil and it can speed it up so maybe like a really hard graze followed by one or two passes of tillage gets the soil ready the 90-120 rule is that for safety practices a crop that is grown in soil that had fresh manure applied to it like for example these cows being here if it's a crop that doesn't have contact with the soil and grows above the ground it needs a 90-day period and if it's a crop like a root crop like a beet or a carrot that has contact with the soil it needs 120 days so that's one of the reasons why the cows are grazing here because this plot is at rest and we're not going to grow vegetables here this summer just in the last year too I've spent a lot of time just kind of learning some things from the Soil Health Academy and a lot of the guys like Alan Williams and Gabe Brown who are kind of on the front lines of the regenerative agriculture movement but I think just like some of those basic things that I feel like I learned before the last two years but maybe they've put it into words maybe in the most straightforward way of just like always keeping the soil covered always keep a living root in the ground some things like that have just been the best advice that we really summarize what we're trying to do here on this farm and what honestly makes me the most excited about farming using regenerative agriculture practices I don't feel like maybe my vision of growing cattle in the past would have been a lot more messy maybe I would have been given a lot more shots I don't know if that's true but these animals have been so easy to care for and so healthy we've had very few problems as we seek to just give them fresh forage sometimes when we're able to really move them like we want to give them fresh pasture every single day and the health of the animals and what they really need outside of clean water and good forage has been very minimal this is just one of our small water troughs again as we move our cattle frequently into small areas we're primarily hooking into an irrigation system that we have that stretches throughout the farm and using like 100 or 200 foot sections of the hose like this red one to fill up these small water tanks that have a float valve on them when the water goes down the float drops down and the hose more water goes into the trough and then as the water rises up it cuts the water off so that it won't overflow so this allows us to be really mobile pretty lightweight we've got several of these though part of the weakness one of the reasons why we might try to make a change to some newer models that they're making that have water that comes in from on the bottom side of the trough would be that we the cows the cows if they hit that they can break that float pretty easily or they can push on this with their nose and it would kind of disrupt or even strip the threads and so every time we set up one of these water troughs we use a brick line to protect the float valve from the cows here's some of the tools that we've used through the years we do use this mulch layer a lot especially for summer crops we've used white plastic we've used black plastic we've used biodegradable plastic but primarily this creates raised beds for us lays drip taped down and if we want it to it'll lay the black plastic but the plastic mulch over that bed which is creates a great planting space one of the biggest downsides of that is you have to till the soil pretty well you have to till the soil pretty deeply like we were talking about loving the no till that the results of no till inside of our tunnels we have something to contrast that to and it's the tillage that we have to do to get ready for our summer crops in building these we primarily use a disc to till we do have a we do have a six foot tiller right here which we try to use as little as possible this is a no till drill that we've had for a year or two it's kind of just been one of those tools that has really changed a lot of what we do here now that we've gotten this no till drill there's just much less need to like disc up areas to prep for a cover crop for example so this no till drill has really changed the way we do things and it's caused some of our pieces of equipment that were used for more tillage to just basically stay parked which is exciting it's kind of shows some of our journey as we try to till the soil less I will bring it into our small vegetable plots and use it to sow all of my cover crop we harvest our sweet potato crop last year and normally after you harvest your sweet potatoes your field is just kind of a mess of like bad sweet potatoes and like all these vines and normally I would disc that a few times and prep to lightly disc in a cover crop and instead I actually our sweet potato field was kind of kind of haggard with vines and it was just after harvest and I decided to just no till drill our cover crop our winter cover crop straight into the sweet potato patch I made two passes over it and the drill itself actually leveled the ground off a bit and we had a our winter cover crop came up great in that sweet potato patch we're looking at our movable chicken we call our chicken cabin somewhere between 250 and 300 lane hens are typically living in it we kind of have a rotation where we'll raise a new batch of lane hens and retire the older ones this trailer primarily spends most of the year out on pasture the only reason it's not back out on pasture right now is we're waiting on a local welder to come and help us weld up part of the hitch what we've started to do just as a way to get them off the pasture and bring them into a water source that we don't have to worry about freezing as much in the middle of winter and also to just kind of spare the pasture from how they might make it kind of torn up and muddy in the dead of winter we bring them into an area like this and we roll out a lot of hay or straw or leaf mulch and then we move the cabin throughout the winter kind of in this plot and we allow them to almost help assist us in making next year's compost and so it doesn't look like it but there's close to a foot of leaf mulch in some of these areas and it's been layered we've actually used the cabin to kind of layer it with manure and then we'll add more leaves and manure and so hopefully by next week when we move them back out on pasture I'll use our front loader and I will I will just heap and pile up all of this mixture of hay and straw and leaf mulch and all of the chicken manure and I'll try to pile it up and we'll try to have a nice compost pile we've done lane hens since the beginning here it started with me watching a bunch of Jill Soliton videos about his mobile mobile chicken coops our customers love our eggs and it has been a challenge to to make a profit with this amount you know we've had lane hens I feel like it's been a challenge to just break even but it's always seemed like it paid off because we had so many customers that were coming for eggs because we have had success with our two Great Pyrenees guard dogs we don't set up any portable chicken netting when they're out on pasture they basically just move around about a 20 acre section of pasture and they move every day and the dogs do a really good job of protecting them I really like these rolled out nesting boxes from Hengear there's a roosting bar that you put up at night so that the chickens won't sleep inside of the nesting box and then in the morning there's a timer that goes off and the roosting bars fall down and that gives the chickens access to get in and lay their eggs and then once they lay their eggs their eggs roll away from them into a tray where they can't get access to them and there's been a lot of improvements over the last six years since we built this trailer and built a structure on top of it but honestly there's so many things I would do differently now so I'm pretty sure for anybody as soon as you build one you're gonna the process of trying to build one in and of itself would teach you a lot of what you would want to do the next time COVID for us here at Windy Hill was really challenging I feel like it carried with it a lot of opportunity I would estimate somewhere around 50% of every thing we sold when it came to food so meat and eggs and vegetables probably somewhere around 50% two years ago was sold to Camp De Soto, Camp De Soto for girls the camp that we're partnering with and we grow food for their dining hall and Camp De Soto had to cancel last summer so huge impact without going into all the details we ended up last year 2020 the year that camp got canceled and COVID hit we ended up selling about the exact same amount of food for the year we used to have an on-farm store that people came in and shopped and for the last 12 months every Friday that we open our on-farm market we offer drive-thru service only we normally try to sell all of our beef over the course of 12 months and over the course of like 2 to 3 months we sold out of all of it often times we were seeing customers come out that we had never seen come out trying to navigate when to close down the drive-thru market and reopen our market and there's a lot of different opinions about that but from a business standpoint we've just found that a lot of people have really enjoyed our drive-thru market and they come here because of it so it's going to be hard to change back to be honest, kind of night and day from a lot of people in America who couldn't work the same way and we had like a farm and the work didn't change so we were really thankful for that


Right now, I'm recording this at the beginning of the year and, of course, the whole planet is in a state of dreaming about what this year could be. Trying to get, or letting this sort of societal calendar of January, you know, motivate us to create new habits, you know, set goals and all that stuff. And I think it's fine to have this kind of external, I call this external motivation, because it's societal motivation, it's based on the calendar. It's like January, or the start of a quarter, or the start of a month, or the start of, or some other holiday or, you know, period that's known in the culture that kind of gives you some extra boost, because it's in the zeitgeist, or just you talk to others. So that kind of external motivation is there several times a year probably for you. And I think about joyful productivity. And I really believe that a core aspect of it is to learn how to generate internal motivation. And the more you figure that out for yourself, because that's different for each of us, how we generate internal motivation that keeps us going, despite the absence of external motivation. Like, what if it's, you know, end of February? What are you going to do? It's not the start of a quarter. That's April, right? It's not the start of the year, it's end of February, or end of any even month, right? Or, you know, like, what are you going to do? You just, you ran out of external motivation. What now, right? And so I am going to say here is the most useful thing for external motivation. Use our external motivation, which I benefit from it too. I enjoy it too.  So I welcome you to comment below if you want to share how you generate internal motivation. So I'll share what that means for me is I use the start of a year and I go, yes, I want better habits this year, right? All of us, all of us do or better habits this quarter, this month, this week, today. You know, but the habit I'm choosing, I said design and then recommit. So design would be like, how can I design a better way for me to show up consistently? That's what I need to ask myself. For me, because I've worked with Joe for productivity so many years, I have a pretty stable system at this point. I could, if there was a PhD in Joe for productivity, I probably would qualify for it because I've been working with it for over a decade, very consistently and very in detail. But a lot of you watching this are just learning about this. And you haven't had a lot of experience working on whether it's productivity normal product or Joe for productivity. And so, what does it mean for you to design, for example, consistency of showing up and of course consistency of showing up depends on what you're talking about we talk about creating content. We're talking about, you know, announcing our services and programs so people can know that we actually sell something we don't just create content for a living, we actually sell service. Is it showing up to, you know, organize your all the to do's, you know, and information you're getting in a given day. That's the design part like like using the motivation that we have to say alright, I'm motivated now. And what do I do with my motivation design, my system, what works for me at this time. And, and remember where I should mention is I talk about this all the time those of you who are in Joe productivity program know this stamina stamina is must be part of our design understanding that. If I currently do not follow a calendar, for example, and then I'm going to design a calendar where it's like, Alright, every, you know, every day I have eight hours of work and and it's all filled out perfectly. This doesn't respect your stamina, right stamina means, if I don't follow a calendar at this time maybe I shouldn't be planning eight hours of calendar following a day. Maybe I should plan one hour of calendar following a day that's much more respectful of my current stamina and once I get stable with that one hour of calendar following a day. Let's go go to two hours, or three hours, right. So, using external motivation to design a respectful a stamina respecting way of showing up consistently whatever that means for you in whatever area of life that means it might even be relationship, it might be for your health, but to design the stamina respecting system or process that you're going to commit to. And then again using that that extra motivation to say no I'm committing now to to to following the this routine. I'm going to bring that word and now, because so many of you don't like that word, because routines boring, or you think you think it's boring. How do I George how do I hear this on how do I stay consistent. It's boring. It's hard, of course. But I hope you will find using external motivation at this time right, you'll find a more friendly relationship to routine and I'm going to suggest this. Your routines are not boring, even though it looks, if you were standing next to me all day, you was like you do the same thing every day, George pretty much, you wake up between six and seven.  I also know it's because you don't see my inside my thought life, my heart, my spirit. So what I do to make routine interesting forever interesting, never boring. Every while I do my energy reboot is where my energy reboot and you can look this up on Google energy reboot though, you know, you'll find my videos about it. My energy reboot reminds me every 10 to 20 minutes during my work day. I don't do energy reboot like whenever laxing at night or with friends or family right on. But during my work day, I practice energy reboot every 10 to 20 minutes, sometimes every five minutes, sometimes I need it every five minutes. It only takes 20 seconds. Look up energy reboot and you'll find my videos about it. It only takes me 20 seconds each time. But my energy reboot allows me to remind me to bring something more meaningful to this moment, even if I'm doing the most boring of tasks on doing bookkeeping or some of you find bookkeeping fascinating, or I'm doing some solving some technology problem challenge my business or I'm doing organizing something or whatever admin work, I seem boring. Nothing, nothing ever needs to be boring. If we are willing to pause for a moment and bring some deeper value into this moment. If I have a task that's boring, can I bring some play into it. Sure, of course, anything can be played with. And I bring some love into this, this admin task is connected to serving others in this kind of deep way. Wow, that connection if I make that connection I can bring love to it. And I bring gratitude to the fact that I even can do this admin task I've been. Not only do I have a business where this admin task is there, but I even have eyes to be able to see the screen. Some people don't have can't see the screen. Right. I mean, I have a hands type. I mean, we can bring some deeper value or virtue into every moment and therefore life never has to be boring. No matter how routinized your life is that's what I that's how I've been able to stay consistent all these years. That's boring for me, because I pause regularly to say what what can I bring now. That's delicious that's profound that's inspiring to this boringness of tasks to this most frustrating of tech challenges or whatever maybe nothing has to be negative. I'm not willing to practice shifting that to something more meaningful. So I hope this is helpful. Use in summary, let's use external motivation and parts of our year, which exists in society, or whenever you have external motivation, try to use it to design, or revisit your design of your system for showing up consistently your system for generating internal motivation, and then to recommit to that system. That routine never has to be born because to actually build something great need a lot of routine. Have you noticed to build something great and sustainable consistent. You need so much routine you can't even believe it so much routine year after year. So how will you not bore yourself to death. You always got to bring something deeper to it kind of bring something more alive, which you can. So I hope this is motivating for you to go and design and then recommit to yours, your way of generating internal motivation and feel free to comment below on what that means for you.


So, one integral that shows up over and over in physical chemistry is an integral of the form e to the minus x squared with perhaps some constant up in the exponent. And this is an integral that doesn't yield to the normal techniques, normal integrals that you've memorized the answer to or used substitution and so on don't work here. In fact, the integral itself is only solvable directly if it's a definite integral with certain limits. For example, definite integral from zero to infinity can be solved. And again, because it shows up all the time in PCAM, it's worth discussing how to do this integral. So, just so that we have a visual picture of what this integral is doing, a Gaussian function e to the minus alpha x squared has this general shape, so e to the minus alpha x squared. So, if we've asked for the integral from zero to infinity of that function, that's the area under this integral on the right side of the y-axis. So, we want to know the value of this integral. And again, the reason this integral shows up so often is because we're very commonly taking the exponentials of things perhaps because we're doing Boltzmann probability distribution, e to the minus some energy over kT causes an integral to look like this or there's also certain quantum mechanical problems that have Gaussians integrals in them as well. So, how do we do this integral? Let's go ahead and define, give this integral a name, let's call it I naught. The reason I'll call it I sub zero or I naught is because it's related to some other forms. If I had some powers of x inside here, those would be I sub one or I sub two and so on. But for now, we'll stick with this integral I zero. And because this Gaussian function is symmetric, if I don't want to know just the area on the right hand side of the curve, if I want to know the area under the entire curve, that's the integral of the Gaussian from negative infinity to infinity. And that's exactly twice the area under the right side of the curve. So, this integral itself is not terribly tractable. It's easy to get the answer to. The trick, however, is let's write this integral down twice. So, what I'm going to do is I'm going to write down the integral that we've already written down, e to the minus alpha x squared, integrated everywhere, and I'm going to multiply that by the same integral. And now instead of using x as my integration variable, I'll use y, so this should be a y, this is alpha y squared, integrated over all values of y. So, I've just written down twice I naught and then I've written down the same thing, multiplied them together. So, that's two I naught quantity squared. So, if I can do this integral, I'm finding the value of four I naught squared. And I can think of that integral, of course, as a double integral. e to the minus alpha x squared times e to the minus alpha y squared. The product of those two exponentials is e to the sum of their exponents. So, e to the minus alpha x squared with a negative sign, e to the minus alpha y squared, also with a negative sign. I have to integrate that over both dx and dy. So, both of those variables are running from negative infinity to infinity. But now that I've written it out as a two-dimensional integral, I realize, especially after seeing x squared plus y squared, I can think of that two-dimensional integral in Cartesian coordinates, like I have it written here. Or, I can think of doing that same integral in polar coordinates, where the integral would be with respect to already already theta. So, if I rewrite the exponent e to the minus alpha and then rewriting x squared plus y squared as r squared in polar coordinates, then I have this integral to do. That looks an awful lot like the integral I started with, which I said was not an easy integral to do. The difference is that now we have this extra r that comes in from the integration variable in polar coordinates. So, let me point out that the r integral radius goes from zero to infinity, and the angular variable goes from zero to two pi. Let's go ahead and do the angular integration. So, there's no theta's anywhere except the d theta. Integrating d theta from zero to two pi gives me two pi. So, I've got r times e to the minus alpha r squared times dr integrated from zero to infinity. So, that's actually a much easier integral to do, especially once we notice that r looks like the derivative of an r squared. So, if we use u substitution, so that's continuing from this result, if I say let's let u be maybe alpha r squared so that du is equal to twice alpha r dr, then let me go ahead and say the r dr that I have, this r dr that I have in the integral.  So, if I use those definitions to rewrite this integral, my integral now looks like two pi integral from zero to infinity. r dr looks like one over two alpha du. e to the minus alpha r squared looks like e to the minus alpha, I'm sorry, e to the minus u. And that's the integral of a normal exponential function. Integral of e to the u is e to the u. I've brought the two alpha out. Integral of e to the minus u is minus e to the minus u. I'm now evaluating that from zero to infinity. My two's cancel. Quantity and parentheses, I have a e to the minus infinity. And that's zero. So, I've got a negative zero for the first time. And when I stick the zero in for you, when u is equal to zero, e to the zero is one. So, I have, I'm subtracting a negative one. And so, I get pi over alpha multiplied by just one. And the thing that this is equal to that what I'm solving for is this four i naught squared. So, we were interested in the value of i naught. So, let's go ahead and take the square root. So, the two i naught is going to be square root of pi over alpha. And if I move the two to the other side, i naught is going to turn out to be one-half of the square root of pi over alpha. So, that's the answer we were looking to, looking for. The area under the right-hand side of the integral is i naught, one-half squared of pi over alpha. Just as commonly, if we're interested in the area under the full, let's say in perhaps a different color, if I want the entire area of the integral, that full area, in other words, integral of e to the minus alpha x squared dx from negative infinity all the way to infinity, that's actually the problem we run into most often. That full area under this Gaussian curve is twice the area under half the curve, so that's just square root of pi over alpha. Equation is actually probably worth memorizing because we see these Gaussian integrals very often. So, next time you see an integral of a Gaussian, you can say that the integral under the entire Gaussian is the square root of pi divided by the exponent in the Gaussian, or if you only need half of that integral, just throw a one-half in. So, this is useful both for times that this integral shows up in problems, and it's also useful because it helps us evaluate a related set of integrals with additional polynomials in front of the Gaussian, which we'll consider in a separate video.


Hey there guys, so I was just working on a different video but I had to break off and Just make this video to share this with you.  One meal engine five is just this minute being announced And it's going to be a game changer So if we just have a look at some of the features together There are two main things that they're really pushing with this and they look amazing so the first thing I think that they talked about is Is the lighting So if we have a look this is the video that unreal have just put out on their YouTube channel all of this lighting this beautiful lighting is Dynamic and it's got bounce as well. So it's bouncing around the scene if you turn that off It's called global illumination Then you can only see what the light hits in the first place. It won't bounce into the rest of the cave So let's just see if we can flick through to where they turn that off So here we go. If we look now if we turn off the global illumination Come on guys turn it off Like it's stylistic, but it's not as good It's not as natural when you turn it back on and you can see it all updates immediately. This is running on a PlayStation 5 So this is going to be Game-changing for all gaming platforms. This is absolutely Next-level stuff. So the lighting we've kind of seen getting better as a trend in game development Anyway, but the thing that really blows my mind and I've got no idea how they've done it And it's going to change the way that we work is this system that they're calling Nanite, which means that you can bring in Cinematic level Assets so you can bring in 3d models from Z brush. There are Millions of polygons. So they've got some statues in this level. I can just find the statues This guy here. I think they said he's 33 Million polygons if you've worked with Unreal Engine 4 you know that that's too many and that things will ground to a halt Pretty quickly So you've already got that as a hero asset But then they go on just to show off in this room here They have got dozens of copies of this all at millions of polygons each they talk about billions of polygons being in this scene Which is insane and this has all been made a reality by this Nanite system which will take Super high quality cinematic quality assets and let you just drop them straight into your game Into your scene and this Nanite system will Resample them dynamically so that they always look amazing But it never renders more than you can see so if we have a look back at this colored system here So this here is them showing how it is resampling this scene So each one of those colors is a triangle and you can see that that's being Recalculated in real time. So we're not going to get what we've had in the past Where you've got LODs and you can see those popping if they're not done really well This just works. So these are all mega scans assets. They're the cinematic quality ones And they're really really dense and it's all just working So this is set to come out in 2021 next year and I can't wait to get my hands on it already. This is Blowing my tiny little mind today. So I just had to share this with you I'm going to put the link for this video in the description Go and check it out. It's amazing and the fellas that present this Talk through some of the systems as well. So it's really worth looking at and if you're excited to get your hands On this and start working in it Let me know in the comments below. I think I'm going to have to put together a whole new tutorial series for this because it looks so good Okay, so I'm going to leave that there. Unreal Engine 5 is coming demo running on PlayStation 5 performance looks ridiculous even with this real-time global illumination and This nanite system with billions of triangles It's exciting times Anyways, thanks for watching and I hope to see you in the video that I'm working on which I'll put up next hopefully Okay, bye


Live from Washington, D.C., it's theCUBE. Covering.conf 2017, brought to you by Splunk. Well, welcome back to Donkhoff 2017. Here we are at Splunk's annual get-together with Dave Vellante, I'm John Walls. We are live in the Warner Washington Convention Center in beautiful Washington, D.C. I say that, proud to be a native. Actually, raised here, live here. Fly the flag here. Wow, this is my place, Dave. Listen, I love this city. I love coming down here, lots to do. My son's down here, so. But if we weren't here, where should we be? Maybe on the deck of a Carnival Cruise Line ship right now? That would be good. I would like that. I would love to have the cruise on the deck of a Carnival. Maybe Ruel Waite can swing that. What do you think? Ruel Waite joins us. He is a manager of delivery and support for Carnival, and you got room for two on the next ship out of Miami? Listen, man, for you guys, anything. I love that. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. You're hired. I can make it happen. Outstanding. All right, Ruel, thanks for being here with us. No problem. I'm glad to have you, and here at the show as well. All right, so let's talk about first off Splunk. Yeah. What are you doing? First off, well, let's back up in terms of what you do. Yeah. Your core responsibilities, and then we'll get into the Splunk story after that. Yeah. I manage the support operation for our e-commerce platform, as well as for the guest-facing shipboard applications. So the e-commerce platform is where you go and purchase your cabin on the web. You would also be able to purchase your shore excursions, your spa treatments as well, or we have an e-retail site where if you have a friend who's sailing, you can buy a bottle of champagne and have it in their room for when they get there. So all those purchasing functionalities we support on the e-commerce platform. And then the guest-facing application shipboard, we're talking about the mobile application where guests chat and interact with each other or plan their day. We're talking about the pixels application where guests purchase their photos that they take throughout their cruise. And there's some facial recognition stuff there as well. And the ITV that's in your room. So we have separate many different sort of applications that fit under that portfolio. Let's talk about the data. There's a lot of data that you just created. Yeah. What's the data pipeline look like? Where does Splunk fit? Yeah, so we Splunk as much as we can. And we're continuing to build that as we go. Our application logs are Splunk. Everything we produce from the application. Also our performance metrics from our servers and our data and our network and all of those systems. We Splunk that because that's critical for us to triage issues that are occurring. Because our operation is about monitoring what's happening. It's about resolving issues as quickly as possible. And it's about communicating to our business. So those three things are, you know, data is central to all of that, right? So we need to get as much as we can and we need to be able to get insights into it. Can you talk about the, you know, where you started? You mentioned off camera about four years ago. Yeah. And how you've been able to inject automation into your processes and just take us through your journey. Yeah, so, you know, we started a few years ago with Splunk and it was primarily a triage tool for us, right? So we, an incident would occur. We'd try to get in and look at some logs, figure out what's going on. And as we've evolved, it's become more of a proactive alerting tool for us. It's become a communication tool, a collaborative tool for us.  That allows us to understand the baseline behavior of our system, right? Once you baseline that, then we can understand the spikes. We can understand when things are changing and that allows us to react and quickly identify things, defects in our system, things that are occurring and resolve them, right? So once we, you know, once we kind of got our legs around, okay, we get how to use Splunk to find stuff, now let's figure out how to get Splunk to tell us stuff. Okay. And then, you know, and now once Splunk is telling us stuff, let's figure out how we tell the business that stuff. So that's kind of how we, the journey we've had. And Splunk's in that thread the whole way. The whole way. So ultimately then, I mean, what are, right now, what are you putting into practice that maybe you didn't have available? Yeah, sure. Two, three years ago. Yeah, sure. So one of the challenges we had was, but a typical e-commerce site, you have several layers of the application, right? You have your web servers.  You have a database server. And you know, we have a mainframe reservation system as well. So there are several teams involved with supporting all those different platforms. Now when we have an incident, you know, it was sometimes challenging to, you know, you get somebody on the phone and you're like, hey, what are you seeing over there on the mainframe side? Well, I see this error occurring. Oh, on the database side, they're telling you, okay, we're seeing some sort of timeouts here, but we're not sure if it's related to the same thing you're talking about. And we didn't have a way to tie it together. But by using transactions, what we decided to do was, we decided to log the session ID, the web server session ID across all our layers, right? And push that through and that allows us to tie those transactions together across those layers. And now when we have an incident, we're able to, when we're talking to the mainframe, we're saying, hey, guys, hey, go look at this. And he said, oh, here's what I'm seeing. We can isolate it. And we can isolate it and we can pull it together. And it's really helpful. So will you get to the point, are you trying to get to the point where you can automate the remediation? Or is that something you don't want to do because you want humans involved? You know, automation is good. And whatever we can automate, we try to do that. At this point, we're not automating the resolution through Splunk at this time. But what we are doing is we are providing the on-call or the engineers that are responding with as much information as we can in order to have them quickly flip that switch. So if we have an alert that we know, hey, this issue requires a recycle of an application pool or some kind of other action like that, we put that in our Splunk alert. And we say, hey, we're seeing this issue occur. That email and that text message that goes out actually tells the engineer that these are the suggested actions that you can take in order to quickly resolve this issue. Bro, what are you hearing from the business side? What are the business drivers and how is that affecting what you're doing in IT generally and specifically with data and Splunk? Okay, so from the business side, we're looking at most bookings, right? Is one of the major metrics that we look at. And our guest experience, right? So on the web, that means a site needs to be available, it needs to perform, and it needs to work, right? And so what we really are trying to do with Splunk is understand those issues that are impacting our guests on the booking side. What that means is we need to know how well we are converting. And if we are looking at homepage performance and we can now tell, hey, if our homepage loads in five seconds versus three seconds, these are how many fewer people make it to our payment page, which is huge for us, right? So that's something that we really try to hone in on. And it really helps us to collaborate with the business and understand, really, what is the revenue impact of these IT metrics that we're spitting out? But there could be other factors involved in that too, other variables, right? There are. You can't just say, you know, this is, but if you have enough of a track record there over a couple of years, say, okay, five second loan means this, we get a 30% conversion rate, we get three seconds, man, we got them a hell of a low, and now we have a 50% whatever. Yeah, but that is where what I'm excited about at the conference is the machine learning capabilities that we've been hearing about, right? Because that will allow us to then model all those different factors that go into when someone goes from the homepage to payment. You're totally right. There are several things that go into that.  When we have a sale, you know, how do our guests behave differently? Or when, you know, on a Monday night at 8 p.m., what is the behavioral trend? So it's all important to us, and getting the data behind it, and being able to model that is going to be really key for us. Connect the dots for me on how you'll use machine learning and how will that affect the business? So you'll make different offers at different times? No, so what I mean is, if I understand that, if I understand how guests behave, I will know if I'm having an issue on the side. If there's something happening that's impacting their ability to book.  And sometimes hours later, sometimes days later, unfortunately, something pops up that you introduce during that release. And understanding what that baseline is, right? So what Splunk has allowed us to do is say, okay, here's what normal behavior is. And we're trying to grow this more, but we've been using ITSI to say, here's what that behavior really is, right? Based on what we know are the metrics around bookings, right? Here's what that behavior is. And we do a release, and we see a spike, a change, and now we're able to say, wait a minute. We never saw this error before. This error never existed in our system at any point. That was definitely something that was introduced right here in this release. We need to go ahead and resolve this as well. And sometimes you get some false positives there. You get, if your development team is doing, it's changed the way they log a little bit, you might get a spike, but that's cool because you get to go in immediately and figure out what those changes are. And you get a comfort level that you kind of understand how your system works. Let me ask you another question. I mean, you had some experience with Splunk, obviously a few years working with them. What in your mind is on there to do list? What do you want to see out of them? Oh man. Doug, if I'm Doug, he's a hit. Tell me, where should I go? What should I do? Any gripes? Give me the good, the bad, and the ugly. No. For me, it's performance, performance, performance. I want to see my queries run as quickly as possible. I want to see things fast. I want to click a button and it happens right away. No, obviously that's not realistic, but I like some of the things that Splunk are doing. You look at the new metrics index that they've been talking about the last two days. So they have now isolated your time series data and they're able to optimize the searches on time series data separate from your application logs. So your CPU, your memory consumption, that data is not the same as logging an error or logging that a booking was created or something like that. Those are kind of two different things. So they have kind of decoupled that and they're saying, okay, anything that's time series, I'm going to put it over here and I'm going to optimize that query and then you can handle your other logs separately. But the additional benefit of that is then you can take your time series and you can look at a CPU spike and then you can take your event data and overlay it on top. And then you can see, wait a minute, this event is what caused that spike. So that's really cool. I think they call that mStats, is that right? Yes, mStats, yes. How about the stuff that you saw this week in the keynotes, particularly today was the product stuff, a lot of security obviously. Anything that you've seen here at the show that excites you that you really said, I've got to have that, I've got to learn more. Yeah, so the ITSI event analytics is really, seems like something's going to be cool for us. So as I've said before, we utilize ITSI internally. So we put together our glass tables that shows us, okay, here are all the different components and the hierarchy of things and when this goes red, it affects these other layers and it's really cool. But what they've added in is the ability to click a button and drill in to those components and then you have a view of, hey, here are the events associated with that. That's really cool because now you're triaging in one place, now you get to the problem really quick and you can go directly into your Splunk queries. It really allows, what we're looking for is to resolve issues as quickly as possible. If you describe it, if I understand this correctly, you can visualize the dependencies. Yes, exactly. And you can take remedial action or identify or inform the business, what to expect, to be much more proactive. That's what people are talking about. Yeah, and we found that one of the surprising things we've found with Splunk is that our business are users of Splunk as well. So it's always an IT tool, it's something that only the geeks are going to look at. And then all of a sudden you present a dashboard to a business user and they go, ah, that's pretty, right? And then all of a sudden they want it more than you do. So that's what makes it great, right? Because you can present the data however you want and you can put it in a way that different audiences can consume. And so it becomes a platform that goes across the organization, which is really, really cool. But sure, bottom line's all speed, right? Yeah, yeah, yeah. I mean, take care of my problems faster, get my tests more faster, deliver faster. Come on, Splunk. Come on, let's go. We want to go. Let's do it again faster, right?  Well, thanks for being with us. We appreciate that. And, you know, we'll talk about the crews. I mean, I know Leonard Nelson, our producer over here has already said, book him for a massage, the presidential suite. He wants one at night, and then the champagne buffet. It's done. It's fast internet, though. Yeah, it's fast internet, yeah. All right, we're simple people. We don't need all that, but we'll talk later. All right, man, appreciate it. Thank you. Thank you for being with us. Well, wait, joining us from Carnival, back with more from Splunk.com, 2015, 2017. 2015, where did that come from? 2017, been a long day.


Good morning in the last class we had seen how what is the head required and what is the kind of flow rate that goes through the pumps in a pump fed system in this class let us look at what are the efficiencies that are possible with these pumps and how does it affect the overall performance of the rocket engine and some other related issues now from pump theory it is a theory wherein you non-dimensionalize the head right and it is a function of rotational speed and impeller diameter so it is written like this ?p by this is the non-dimensional head okay this is equal to a function of okay so this is non-dimensional rotational speed and this is non-dimensional impeller diameter now if you see here this comes from Buckingham ? theorem which you must have studied sometime in your under graduation the ?p here corresponds to the density of the fluid ? corresponds to the rotational speed in rpm and dp corresponds to the diameter of the impeller okay and Q dot is the flow rate and ?h is the actual head rise okay G is acceleration due to gravity now if you have this then you can plot it as shown here in this figure on the x-axis you have the non-dimensional rotational speed given as NSP and on the y-axis you have the non-dimensional impeller diameter given as DSP if you notice here the numbers that are given here are efficiencies 0.6 0.7 and it goes all the way up to 0.9 right now if you want to have as seen here if you want to have high efficiencies you need to be in this region right which means that your impeller diameter needs to be very small and also your rotational speeds needs to be very large okay so this is NSP and this is DSP so for high efficiency NSP needs to be large and DSP needs to be as low as possible so then you will get to very high efficiency why is high efficiency required if you remember the efficiency of the pump a matters a great deal simply because that determines how much of propellant you are going to consume to pressurize the fluid okay so if it is as small as possible then the rest of it can be used for useful propulsion activity right this doesn't directly come into propulsion activity because the flow through the nozzle is what causes the propulsion effect so in that sense you would want to minimize this to a small number as possible but actually speaking how many how much is it possible to reduce it to is given in this table here if you look at the power of the pump and the efficiencies the actual achieved efficiency somewhere around 44% and it goes up to something like 60% for the pumps whereas for the turbine it goes all the way up to 80% okay so which means that even though you spend a lot of propellants for turning the turbine all of it is not obtained as useful work to run the pump okay only a fraction of it is if you look at this table here it gives you what are the RPMs that these pumps are run at remember we said that the diameters need to be small and rotational speed needs to be as large as possible if DSP and needs to be small and NSP needs to be large NSP invariably means if you look at this this is NSP for a fixed flow rate and pressure head okay for a fixed flow rate and pressure head the only way you can get a high NSP is by increasing the rotational speed and if you look at the numbers here they are rotated at very high speeds for the LOX hydrogen systems something in the range of 40000 rpm okay very very high RPMs what does the this does this cause any problem is what we need to look at there is something called cavitation in pumps okay which comes out as a result of this high rpm what usually happens is if you remember LOX liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen are low boiling point fluids right you must have done this experiment somewhere wherein you have a tank and you to tend to suck through the tank it is something like this that let us say you have a tank here and you have a pipeline that is going here if you look at the actual difference in head it is this much right but there is a limit because at this point you do not want the pressures to drop below what vapor pressures right so similarly in pumps what happens is when you rotate it at very high rpm right the static pressure can go below the vapor pressure at that temperature okay once that happens then bubbles is get formed right it boils in some sense and bubbles get formed these bubbles move over to a high pressure area and then implode right when they implode they cause severe vibrational loads okay and that is not the only thing the mass flow rate through the pump kind of oscillates okay now only the vibrational aspect is not such a serious problem in a launch vehicle simply because we are looking at a one-time use right we are not looking at using it very often and unless you are looking at space shuttle main engine and things like that you are not looking at using it very often so you could probably deal with the vibrational part but the other part that is of very great significance is the fluctuations in mass flow rate that it leads to okay how does this affect the functioning of the rocket motor firstly the mass flow rate that is coming in is fluctuating right which could trigger an instability in the liquid rocket motor and it could have very very serious consequences on the mission itself because because of instability usually liquid rocket motors are very very prone to combustion instability and usually they have very very high frequency instability which simply means that as we discussed earlier with regards to solid propellant you are having a fatigue loading of the motor right and if the frequency is a very large firstly they are being subject to very high heat transfer rates and also very high stresses and remember the factor of safety that we can use is very small and therefore it could lead to a catastrophic failure of the whole setup so you would not want that to happen so therefore it is pretty much essential to ensure that cavitation and pumps does not happen okay so it is imperative that we reduce the or we eliminate the cavitation in pumps one easy way to do this is in some sense if you look at it if you kind of increase the pressure here right if you increase the pressure here then you will not get this problem here right or in other words what we are looking at is increasing the pressure in the cylinder itself or the storage tank one way to overcome this is but what does that mean if you remember this is a turbo pump fat system we said the pressure in the tank is something of the order of three to six bar which will ensure that the wall thickness of the tanks is very small right but if you increase the pressure then your wall thickness goes up and your weight goes up which is not a desirable solution here right so there are other ways to tackle this problem other than increasing the pressure in the tank so this increases there is something that we can define as known as net positive section head that is these stagnation minus p vapor pressure if we increase this part which is what is in tank which is what we discussed right now okay the other way to look at it is something that has been quite widely used this is to use something known as an inducer okay inducer or separate pumps in series so the way pumps operate is like this in the there is a rotor and a stator right in the rotor you rotate it at very high RPMs and therefore you give it the kinetic energy or in other words the velocities are very high which is kind of recovered in the diffuser stage right or the stator stage has pressure fine so if you are giving a very very high rotational speed in the first stage itself then it gives rise to this kind of problem but later on if you in the other stages after the first stage if you give it this problem is not very severe but this is very severe in the first stage okay one way to overcome this is to have things in series that is you do not look to give the entire pressure rise in only one single stage but give it in a number of stages okay which is what is having separate pumps in series means okay the other way is to use an inducer now inducer is also a pump but the only difference here is inducer the delta H that is imported you tend to impart a very low head in the first stage or the inducer stage okay in a sense you are rotating at the same RPM all of it is mounted on the same shaft but the head rise that is given is very very small in the inducer so that the pressure at the exit of the inducer is higher than what causes this problem of cavitation okay then you can give it the head rise in the other stages right so in this way you are going to overcome this problem this is in a sense the same thing as having pumps in series but in this case an inducer is some kind of special pump wherein a very small head rise is given although it is rotating at the same RPM okay the velocity triangles are adjusted such that the head rise given is very very small so in this way you can overcome this problem of cavitation and pumps now there are various ways in which one could arrange the pumps and the turbines which is shown here in this figure here okay if you look at this figure the first arrangement as shown here is one in which the pumps are arranged back to back that is one is the oxidizer fuel pump the other is the oxidizer pump and they are mounted on a common shaft that connects to the turbine now if you look at this kind of arrangement what it does is it reduces the axial thrust right because the axial load on this pump is in one direction the other pump is in the other direction this kind of cancels each other out and you have to deal with a smaller problem of axial loads the axial thrust that comes on the shaft okay the bearing that needs to take this can be designed such that it deals with a smaller axial thrust this is in some sense probably similar to what some of you have studied in IC engine the problem of balancing right if a piston is moving inside a cylinder then if it is not properly balanced right if you have an arrangement wherein it is two cylinders are opposed then the imbalance in the loads get cancelled out right or if you have an arrangement radial arrangement of cylinders then there is no problem of balancing but if you have only one cylinder there is a problem with balancing right. So that is very similar to the problem that you have here so this takes care of in some sense the axial thrust there are other arrangements that is used that is this is known as some arrangement now in this arrangement there is a turbine between the pumps the turbine and the pumps are run at different rpm and they are connected through a gear train okay in the first one there is no gear train connecting the pumps and the turbines. So whatever rpm the turbine is running at the same rpm is where the or is the rpm that the pumps are run at here you have an extra control on the rpm of the pumps okay then you have various arrangements wherein you have a separate turbine for each pump in this case so if you look at this CB and F here you can use this when there is a difference in the density of the two propellants like if you have locks and LH2 locks as a density of the order of 1100 right and the density of hydrogen is very low something around 70. So they need to be run at different rpm right if you have to run at a different rpm either they have to be connected through a gear train right or they have to have separate turbines which are running at different rpm right in this way you can ensure that these arrangements that is BC and F take care of things which have dissimilar densities okay now the arrangement shown here D which is the turbine and the pumps in this case the turbine was on one side and the pumps were on one side in this case the turbine is in between the two pumps this works fine for propellants with similar densities okay because the head rise required is nearly the same so therefore if the densities are the same you can work it out that they need to be rotated at the same rpm so this works for propellants with similar densities whereas BC and F work well for propellants with dissimilar densities then this arrangement C and G you have in this case in C the pumps are arranged in series whereas in the other one you could have sorry turbines are arranged in series that is the gases pass through the first turbine and then the same gases pass through the second turbine so depending on what is the head rise that is required in the two pumps you can work it out in this fashion but whereas in this case the turbines are in parallel okay that is the flow coming in from the gas generator is fed to both the turbines okay this kind of arrangement has been used in space shuttle main engine and this kind of arrangement was used in F1 engine okay the F1 engine on Saturn 4 that took man to moon had this kind of arrangement for locks kerosene okay wherein densities are similar that is if you look at locks it is around liquid oxygen is around 1100 the other one is around 800 okay so this finishes our discussions on the pressure fed systems that is not the pressure fed the turbine turbo pump fed systems we earlier discussed how to design a pressure fed system so we have discussed the various kind of feed systems that are possible now we have discussed what happens in the nozzle earlier we have discussed the feed systems let us now discuss what happens in the thrust chamber okay thrust chamber of a liquid engine the first thing that one encounters in the thrust chamber is what is known as injector now why do we need a injector why not inject you know we are injecting in some case two fluids if it is a bipropellant system and in a monopropellant system we are injecting one fluid why can't we simply inject them as one single pipe pipe flow right why do we need these kind of small injectors are these kind of if you look at the liquid rocket motor there will be this kind of large number of small holes this will be the kind of arrangement in a liquid rocket motor and let us say this is the thrust chamber and here you have the nozzle now if you look at it from that direction this is the kind of arrangement that you will have the liquids are pumped at high pressure through these large number of holes now the question is why do we need this kind of injectors okay the answer lies in the fact that if you are looking to have a reaction right you want these fluids to firstly vaporize right and then react reactions take place in the gas phase so there are a few things that are happening in the thrust chamber first is what is known as automation okay so you have atomization then you have okay these are the processes that need to take place within a liquid rocket motor and all these needs to be completed before it enters the nozzle okay all the reactions need to be completed if this happens there is something known as combustion efficiency that we look at wherein how much of this is completed before it enters the nozzle it is good to have a larger fraction of these reactions in the range of 92 to 95% because then what you will get is from the ISPs that we had calculated we will be able to get a fraction of the those ISPs depending on the value of combustion efficiency okay the heat release that we get depends on what is the combustion efficiency if reactions take place after this then we will not be able to utilize it that effectively so you need to have all the reactions or a large fraction of it getting completed before it enters the nozzle now if you look at it there are three processes that take place this is like a relay race right first this happens then this happens then this happens right so in a relay race who gets to decide how fast the relay race is completed right does the fastest one get to decide how quickly the race gets over or does the slowest one the slowest one is the limiting factor right so the slowest one gets to decide what kind of times it takes to complete the reactions so typically what happens is these liquid droplets are coming in okay one can define something known as a residence time okay residence time is nothing but what is the time that is available for reactions to be completed okay or what is the state time of this fluids in the combustion chain okay so we have something known as residence time so all these processes need to be completed within this residence time or a large fraction of this needs to be completed within this residence time so that the combustion efficiency is high now typically the state time or the residence time is of the order of three to five milliseconds okay remember in a liquid rocket motor unlike in a solid rocket motor solid rocket motor you are storing the propellants also in the same chain right in liquids you are able to store them separately and you introduce them in a chamber where they combust and react so the combustion chamber is very very small okay so the residence time therefore is very small in a liquid rocket motor now let us look at what are the typical times for these three events to happen the vaporization time of droplets is a strong function of the size of the droplet okay so it goes as something like D0 square by D1 and for 50 micron 100 micron and 150 micron droplet size the time for vaporization is something like 1.8 millisecond okay so if you notice here if the droplet diameter is small then the vaporization time is small if the droplet diameter is large then the vaporization time is very large and therefore if you have a state time residence time of this then most of the reactions won't get completed the reaction times are much smaller it is of the order of 0.5 to 0.05 milliseconds so it is very much smaller compared to this so this is the slowest process in all this okay so therefore this is the one that decides how fast the reactions get completed right so depending on the length of the chamber you can estimate time and all your reactions need to be completed within that the reason why the reaction times are very small is if you recall what we had said about reaction rates right if you look at the relationship for reaction rate W. triple dash that we had derived earlier it was something like right into yf yo so if you notice that it is a strong function of pressure and temperature right the temperatures inside rocket motor are very very high something of the order of 3000 so this term will be large and also if you remember liquid rocket motor depending on the kind of pressurization systems that we have if one is like looking at a pressure fed system the pressures are very low something of the order of 30 to 40 bar right but if you are looking at the turbo pump fed systems the pressures are extremely high something of the order of 200 bar 100 to 200 bar and the factor to which it is raised depends it goes something like it is of the order of 2 its square of the pressure so the pressures are very high then the reaction rates are very large and therefore the reaction time is very small so in a sense this reaction time is small primarily due to the coupled effect of pressure being large and temperatures being large now it becomes clear why we need to do this atomization right atomization is the process in which you create this small droplets if you create these small droplets then the vaporization time as we see here goes as something like d2 we will be discussing what is that factor or a little more in detail of this vaporization time so the smaller the droplet the faster it way evaporates this is something similar to you know a matchstick is made very small right simply because if you look at the surface area to volume which is very very important right in heat transfer the larger the surface area to volume that you have the better it is for heat transfer so in a sense if you are creating very small droplets the surface area to volume increases okay and that means there is a lot more heat transfer that is taking place instead of having one large droplet if you break it up into very very fine large number of droplets then the surface area to volume is very large and heat transfer is better and therefore its vaporization times will be much smaller as is seen here so you need to kind of make sure that it is atomized that is it is broken into very fine droplets and then these fine droplets will then evaporate fast and the reactions take place in the gas phase and these get completed very very quickly okay now the vaporization time TV is given as where BV if you recollect is the transfer number that we had discussed earlier that is it is the ratio of here TB indicates the boiling point okay TB is the boiling temperature and L is the latent heat in a sense we are making an assumption that all the liquid is at its boiling point right and then it is only required to be given its latent heat of vaporization if you have the liquid if the boiling point of the liquid is very high this is a fairly good assumption of the boiling point of the liquid is very low something like locks and hydrogen but if the boiling point of the liquid is very high then you need to add the other term that is the heat that is required to take it from whatever temperature the liquid is at to the boiling point okay so this is Kg is nothing but the thermal conductivity this is the specific heat then this is the density of the liquid what you can see here is that the vaporization time is a very strong function of the diameter of the droplet okay so this is known as something this is called as the D square law so you could rewrite this as something like okay so this is nothing but a constant that takes into account all the other things other than the diameter okay so as we can see here the vaporization time is a strong function of the diameter and therefore it makes sense to have very small diameters okay now we will discuss in the next class how we can get the small diameters by the process of atomization what is the process of atomization and how does it ensure that you get very small diameters of droplets and what are the various arrangements that are possible okay if you remember most of the propellant combinations you have two liquids it is only in the case of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen wherein if you use hydrogen for the regenerative cooling part it is mostly a gas well coming into the combustion chamber right so we will discuss what kind of arrangements of injectors we need to have for various kinds of propellants in the next class thank you.