So, hello. So, my name is... I'm the first Sylvain, Sylvain Bobot. And yeah, we'll talk about graffiti. Graffiti was created because it's... First, we were working on Skydive, which is a networking tool. So, it's one of the features. It allows you to get the topology of your whole network infrastructure and to retrieve the topology and to visualize it. And so, the data model that we use for Skydive is a graph. And so, we extracted this part and we created a brand new project from this, which is graffiti. So, the engine is embedded inside Skydive. So, it's a graph engine which is highly event-based. So, everything in Skydive goes through events. It has interesting features. One of the interesting features we have is that it allows to time travel. So, it allows you to query the graph as it was at a certain point of time. It's highly available. So, you can have like multiple... We'll see later, but one of the components is the hubs. So, we can have multiple hubs. And so, it provides you high availability for your graph. And it also provides load balancing because we'll see that you can subscribe to multiple hubs. And so, to balance the load. So, why did we create our own engine? It's because, first, we were using existing graph engines. But we had the constraint of the embedding. So, that was our first constraint. But also, we wanted to be able to easily extend the query language that we were using. In fact, in Skydive, we implemented... In Gravity, we implemented our own Gremlin parser and executor. And so, we wanted to be able to add custom steps very easily and even steps that are not really graph related. So, that's the architecture of Gravity. The first component is the pod. So, the pod is a small agent. It has just a local graph, just part of the graph. That's where you create the nodes. So, in the case of Skydive, the pods are running on the machines of the infrastructure. And so, the graph is populated on the pod. And then the pod forwards its graph to another component, which is the hub. And the hub has the whole graph. So, it's in memory, but it's also persistent. So, you can also have a database behind it. So, as you can see, the hubs are replicated. They are connected, and the pods are connected to multiple hubs. Just in case of failover or load balancing. So, regarding the event mechanisms, it's a graph as a pub sub. So, internally, we need to use it in this embedded mode. You register callbacks on the graph, and then your code is triggered when any event happens on the graph. You can also subscribe to the graph externally through a web socket. So, that's the way the web UI works. And you can also publish to the graph. So, you can publish to a pod or to a hub. It doesn't make any difference. It's the same API. You can also subscribe just to a portion of the graph. If you are not interested in all the events of the graph, just a few nodes or subsets, you can subscribe on this. So, the events that you get are pretty straightforward. It's the node creation, the edge creation, the updates, the deletes. So, the messages are encoded in different formats. You can use JSON for the web UI, obviously. But you can also use Protobuf for performance reasons. So, that's the way the pods and the hubs are talking together, is through using Protobuf. So, regarding the history. So, we keep every modification on the graph. Generates a new revision of the elements. So, that allows us to do two things. It's just to say, show me the graph as it was at a specific point of time. But also to see all the modifications that happened on the node are subset of the graph. So, you can see, like, they give me what happened to this node and you will get all the events, all the modifications and the revisions of our node. So, to achieve this, so, to query, to use this time context, we introduced a new step, a gremlin step, which we called at. And you can see here that you can specify your time. So, let's say, this gremlin expression says the graph, how it was one minute ago. Or you can specify a date. And you can also say, give a time. And then the period where you want to get the revisions from. So, we support as a back end, we support elastic search. But we also support orientDB. But I would not recommend you to use this. Because all our efforts are put on the elastic search back end. We also have, like, in the case of elastic search, to maintain that the index are not too big. We have a rolling index mechanism. So, when you can set, like, I don't want my index to be more than a specific size or a specific number of nodes. So, to achieve high availability, we have a replication mechanisms between the hubs. And for the load balancing, the pods are used around robin connections to the hubs. We handle the reconnection. So, if the network connectivity goes down, then the pods will automatically reconnect and re-sync their graph with the hubs. And we have, and for the rolling index, this has to be done on a single hub. So, we have a master election. And for this, we use an ETCD. So, to write remnant extensions, they have to be written in Go, because graffiti is written entirely in Go. And your new step will be automatically available through the REST API. So, we did not implement all the gremlins specification, only the one we were really using. So, we have all the basic gremlins steps and the one we added specifically for the time selection. But we also added steps for networking purpose. So, in the case of Skydive, so the main user of graffiti, we added the flow steps so that when you can retrieve the network flows of your infrastructure, you can get some metrics. You can have, like, sockets. So, those are, I won't explain this because it's this network-specific stuff. But the fact is that it provides a graph transformation. So, if you do use the socket steps, then you have a new graph. And then you can also subscribe to this new graph and get the same feature that you have with the regular graph. And now, sorry, demo. Thank you. Okay, this is the first demo. So, just to introduce you to what it is. This is a web UI that we are using for Skydive, which is the core project for graffiti. But definitely it can be used by Skydive, sorry, but definitely you can use it with graffiti. So, that's what you can get. So, you can explore the graph. It's a kind of a tree because of Skydive. But then you have a regular graph. We can see we have multiple parents. And you can work through the graph. You will get metadata. Yes, sorry. And the metadata, you can have multiple metadata and you have a way to render them properly according to your needs. You have a way to do search, to select the column that you want to see. You can describe your metadata and the rendering used for that within a config file. So, since this is an embedded project, you embed your graffiti in your project and you provide metadata. And then the web UI will render it properly. And thanks to this story, for example, for the matrix, here it's for networking purpose. But then, thanks to this story, we can get a graph of the data requesting a period of time, something like this. And then, thanks to the web UI, we have a way to tag the links and the nodes. And then it will generate different views. So yeah, that's another view. So it's a Kubernetes infrastructure. So you can get the physical infrastructure and then the logical one. And basically, we have a kind of layer of graphs. And you can select the link types you want to see. And now, we are going to see that we are going to leverage the filtering subscribee mechanism. So yeah, when we click on this, the web UI is going to reconnect to the graffiti, subscribee to another subgraph and getting another view, meaning just a subgraph. So here, that's just the namespaces. And yeah, and you can do a quick search thanks to the web UI. There is a kind of index, and then it will open properly the node. And yeah. So just to summarize a bit, when to use graffiti and when to not use it. So definitely, if you want to write a go-long application, having an updated graph engine, you can use it. It's schema less or not. You can have schema, and that's useful sometime. If you want to have, like we did for Skydive, if you want to have a kind of grooming language, a common grooming language, but being able to extend it for specific purpose, you can definitely do this. If you want to have a distributed architecture, that's good too. And we do support hierarchy of graphs. So meaning if you want to have a subset of the infrastructure having a specific graph and then propagating the graph in a chain, that's possible. And attaching ACL, that's pretty useful because you can authorize some persona to do something or to subscribe to something. And to not use it, so definitely this is not good for any graph-specific algorithm in iComputing stuff. This is not the purpose of the project. It's definitely an embedded project. And if you have nodes or edges with a lot of metadata, binary attached to the metadata, that's not good too. Again, that's definitely an embedded project. For the way we are, it's definitely even based. I will show you that just after. You can do search, as I explained. Filtering, everything, you can put everything in a config file so you can really customize everything. That's one view you can get with, that's definitely a network. And first of all, you can see there is plenty of nodes. And I do have another demo. So basically the demo is about doing something which is completely outside of the scope of Skydive. So not networking purpose, that's really a demo. So it will be a Python demo, watching a directory, creating nodes for files or folders, creating edges for any kind of links between the entities. So basically the code is like this. We are watching, thanks to our notified folder. And we create nodes when we see a file or a folder. And then if it's a, we are linking the new file to the root node. And if it's a folder, we do this again. So that's fairly simple. This code is in Python. This code is in Python meaning that you do have this graffiti or Python binding. So you can, it's not mandatory to interact with graffiti with in-go line. And I'm going to show you that. It's going to be quick. So first we start the watcher. So it's going to watch a folder. Then I run the script. And we are rating a bit. So we have a host. And then if we expand it, we have our first folder which is watched. And then we start to demo the demo.sh which is going to create a few files. So, and just to show you that even base, we will see the web we are reacting on the events. And yes, few folders. And then finally, we will see a sim link between, between two files. Yeah, just here, that's a sim link. And yeah, you have a new link types that you can select if you want. And then the filtering again. Okay, I want to see only the folders and that's what, that's what I have. And I think that fits. So if you have, if there is any questions. If there are any questions, yeah. I have a question. How do you handle deletions or can you handle deletions because of the possibility of going back in time? Yeah, sorry, deletion. That's an event. That's part of the event stored. Let's repeat the question for the audience. Yes. How do we handle deletions of information nodes or edges, for example? Yeah. So basically we store this information within the data store. So that's, that's, that's one of the events we store. We store creation, deletion, updates. Maybe you want to, yeah. You mean in the data, how you restore it in the database or the way we, we mark a node as deleted? Yeah. Because every node has a lifetime basically as a created and delayed, delayed times. And then we just select the nodes that are still living at the time we query. And the store grows over time because at some point in time you have so much data. Yeah, that's what, yeah. Yeah, that's what we, we do have a rolling index stuff. Okay. Yeah. That's, that's one of the reason. And, but, and there is a revision which is kept, kept for all the modifications. So that's part of the mechanism. Yeah. Okay. So, so if you want to, if you use it as a, yes, is there any transaction, transaction thing? So if you use it internally, I mean, if you embed the project within your project, yes, we do have a mechanism for that. But if you interact it with the graffiti outside of the Golan scope, like in Python, there is nothing. So it's, but if you embed it as part of a Golan project, yes, there is a kind of mechanism for that. Yeah. Sorry. Can you repeat? Yeah. But you have to implement it yourself. Yeah. Thank you. Let's take a scan.


The next patent attorney that reads six, seven times. No, he picked up my hung-up. I call your office, the second read. It's phenomenal. Ken Lee's not here, or else we could pat her on the back. Yeah.


This dish almost reminded me of a paella in a way, but flavored with lemon and fresh herbs.  You add your chicken back to the pot and then simmer until the rice is cooked and it was so easy and so good.


And then a fielding comes half pounder. And a line of vehicles. Half way down the second beat, he's right back to third. That's a long line.  That's a high third. It does fall in, it comes up. I don't know how his knee runs for the ball. Right handed him, led the double, out of three times up. He has driven in three runs this afternoon, five in the series. I had a wire from down the ladder where he used to be the manager of the crackers and they said down there we were actually calling it a slug. Slug swings, this is one. That's a slug on the ball. And you, the first run, he couldn't get up. The first run comes in and that's tip number three off the road. He takes it from right handed in. He jumps it off towards the ground. And now he's up again.  The bat came swinging around and the ball came down the ground and he ended up on the ground. He's down low into the third. Steve O'Neill, coaching down a third, looking down the ground, kicking the third a little bit. I imagine at this particular point, it's hard to swallow joy and nervousness. Richard, he swings hard, taps out the center field, it's falling into a hit. It's falling to the left of that ball. It's rolling to the wall out there. He's coming back, rounding thirty-seven to the plate. Here comes the ball into second. Richard, he holds up a second for the left, but it's a double. At the second couple of the afternoon, the ball reaches the second first. And it takes more ground than it did that. And for Detroit, it's run up to seven. And the lead comes out as the ball is seven to two. Round to the cross for Newarker, he comes back. That's not that, but Eric's, and that's it inside. And the bird cries out the side wrenches. Makes a lazy lead off second there. God's lazy, and that's the help you can relax. He swings hard, taps out the center field, tap out the center field, takes a nice one on the run. That's all for Detroit, and it's all on the second left. One ball on one hit, there was one base man on the left on, went off the top there. That's the end of six and a half minutes of play. It was Detroit seven, and Chicago two. And now just about everybody knows the genius of Eric Schultz on the left side. One of the greatest short stops of all time. That's six more years as a player manager than any other major leaguer. It's here in the booth again this afternoon. I am reading short when you were on the air last Saturday, Joe. And let's take up some of that talk. You know, we say that's a good place. I'm the greatest shaving team on earth. I love you, man. I would be 100% on that bill. My experience, no other company can compare to me. Easy shaving. Come on, Joe. That's because the gelatois and gelatoid are made for each other. And we're together. Well, they sure do a swoop. I'm the one who gelatois my whiskers every time. I love the thing that's very straight and thick. Remember, man? P-Shark, P-Shark. P-Shark. P-Shark. You can see the gelatois going all the way. It is athletic, very liberal, and makes a little back. He was one of the great stars. Tiger has been a huge part of this. You know so. And, Nickerson makes it its outsides. 1, 2, 3, 4, Nickerson has her hands at the back. They foul out once the catcher and the next time hit the cutting top. Swings on this one. They have a high foul. I'm coming back into the snag. Lans on the screen, One strike, and big bill, no hits, no hits, it's a wonderful high ball game. It's been going in seven rounds so far in this series, as well as anybody else. It's a good ball game, 45-6. There's a line, it's a lead out of the league, and it's a good strike, coming all the way around. New Hauser lets it go, it's high, and Nick is a bad ball, and he will have a three-quarter speed air ball. And ball two strikes. Our new Hauser working very well, I think he's going to talk a lot about shooting, and he has nothing to do with the play, but we had to strike three or so many times. I'm not sure how to play number five. He's out there in the second half of the game, but the second half seems like a play, and the ball is down right, and he'll get up to fifth. Our new Hauser is ready to go, and here's the pitch. There's a downing ball down the pressure, and the toss is underhand, a new Hauser, and he's done some pressure, just there to make some play out. He looked like a very good player, and he's out three to one. He looks like a very good player, and another rather smoothy, as well as the way it's done. He's playing very well. He will tie in the last one, and the ball is two strikes. And the ball is two strikes. Our next week at Lamington, we're in the last half of the game, and here's the tie, and the ball is two strikes. Now the ball is two strikes. Now the ball is two strikes. We're in the last half of the game, and here's the tie. It's very hard to try this out here when he's going to play zone-on and then swept out the middle greve HE to go in to the boundary. The free miriyor is around to 2nd, and there's a dribble in the back of the ball and a 2nd, and he's going to Tri接下來. He's thinking very well, and he's got many things going on there. Once the elbow fire isВste segundo struck then the tie is nowpadded to passe to LHPM. Well, short, Scott Wieb Michigan pass. 39-year-old Grethren, and he has 20% more confidence The battery is perfectly charged like this. A lot of friends down here tonight have been able to get a picture of you on the back of the car. It may fall into a base hitman, but it will not happen. And it just might not happen. I can draw back to the past two thousand strikes. I'll back it right to you. But it's in the car. Who do you have? I'm a stick-runner. But I've got you on the car. What's the problem? You're in swing on the side. I'm on the side. I'm holding on the third. I'm locking them up. He was really happy to go on that third base line on Jimmy Alba. I was trying to tell him, he came this way. There we go. And he did it. Jimmy Alba. Brad Passore is throwing balls. And he's a very kind of guy. Brad manages keeping an eye around that. The seventh game of the World Series here at Wrigley's. And he will not break one way or the other. But I don't know. He's getting a little bit of brilliant down on the diamond. I don't use it. One ball, one strike. You have to put your finger in his eyes. But then there will be crowd down right to your back. Not a strike. Not a strike. It's your style. Not a strike. Stand back. Be right outside. It's a free move. If you just don't throw it, he will slide, and the third base line and the same walks. The other side, he will understand. One out. And you will see the others running around. Not a three and two. And Darren, you have to be child. In the third base line, he's having every five games, and going down back in the game, he has to be like, I know the first one. And Jeff was, I think, not much. It was a wild pick. A wild pick. He's not very good at the third game. The third one was, he was doing well. I was thrown in the dirt. I knew he'd do it, but the fact that he hadn't started with a great new car was a great less advantage over the last three years. I'm telling you, it's not free until you do it. That pitch was very high. I'll put your eggs in as opposed to a hit-back, but I imagine I'll have a paycheck for him. That pitch is low, and we're going down to the bottom of the ring, so that's what I do. I'll put your eggs in as opposed to a hit-back, but I imagine I'll have a paycheck for him. I know you've had the first mothin' day, givin' up by New Houser. I had to go to Spank Shikari up to be a finch-header. I know you've had the first finch-header. I know you've had the first finch-header. I had to go to Spank Shikari up to be a finch-header. I've had two hits about three times up, and it gives him a fincher of five hundred starting every. That's nothing to be ashamed of. The other fincher, the first and second, is only one out. His right-handed batter is standing in there. There's a curve that comes in and over for a two-off strike. We're hitting it one-sixty-number, and there's a lot of scoring out there. The great big number is only nine, but he's an outfielder. One by one starts to come out of the ring. What you're on in the state of Mexico is one and an hour. That's right. That's out of the bag, too. There's a lead-out third. The last half of the seventh open. He's rubbing up a new ball, and there's another lead-out. There's another strike, too. There's a put-it-in through the last two strikes. Two out of the break. The fact that he's running in the hotel. Two out of the breaks. The outfielder's out of the ring, there. That's the outfielder. That's the outfielder. That's the outfielder. Now, Sakari is ready to go again and he has to have that ball out there. He has two strikes for each ball. There's a high-curve. Now he has three strikes on him. There's a high-curve. He's the only lead-out in the state. That was the very big proper curve ball. The outfielder. And then, the outfielder. And he got Sakari to stand him taking. I'll take it. I'll make it through inside the ball. That's the matter tonight. Just smiling at the family of the outfielder. The California. Who's been one of the stars in this city. That's my friend. The people who come up today. They'll have a lot of good stuff out. The pressure on the outside. The end of the season. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. The outfielder. There's a new ball in the right, but he won't set it on the high. Third ball, just about the lead. That's the outlet corner to the left-handed batter. The count on Richard's now is one-and-one. Now Mayo has guys to sneak behind Livingston in the second and the third one. Now nothing goes down. Now the third. He steps on the third. Livingston is retiring this time. He gets in the left-hand side. Let's be a foul line. Now the third to the place to arrive at Basement. From the half to half to 17, no one's for Chicago. One hit, two Basementers left on, and we know Detroit has. At the end of the seven points away, the score is the 27, Chicago 2. Now on this crucial game end of this afternoon, stay tuned in for a bell call, and thank you to all of us at the New York Journal of American Sports. Thanks for joining us today. It's a baseball classic. Now we're waiting for the start of operations on the top of spaning number eight. Let's take a little pause there for a kind of specialization identification. Remember, man, look sharp, feel sharp, be sharp. Use your blue blades with the sharpest edges ever home. This is the mutual broadcasting system. Now at the end of inning number seven, Al has a total of about a third. Detroit seven runs, eight hits, one hour. Chicago two runs, six hits, and no errors. And now coming in to pitch for Chicago, on the top of the eighth inning, is Carl Messon. That's all spent, as you know, one of the great figures in this series. Pitching up in Detroit, one of the most likely games ever on the first pitch. Pass on, a brilliant third game with 15 and two third innings. He's given out six hits. He's struck out three and he's walked seven. And he's credited with one more game and no defeats in this series. And he failed to come through down here by himself and the Cubs went ahead and won the ball game so he was not credited with a defeat or accepted rather with a defeat. First batter he faces is Jimmy Watt, the right-handed team's shortstop in Detroit.  Which is characteristic of that so. Two outs in the top of the fourth and Hanks being both. Coming back into the stand. One down, one strike. Now down in the first hand Pitcher. That's one spot kick down on first base in the second half. That's a strike out of the first. Watt is out of there. One-on-one is the count that the starting round-up runner from Mississippi Pass is about to start. One down on that. That's a two-on-one because that takes a lot of time. Three and a half minutes of play, the first hand is Tiger Six. Now in the first inning is not really like the rest of the game. That's a great line up. Watt is taking you in its high. Three and four hits. Three and one. Speed counts for pretty and chilting too. That's about it. Eddie, do you think he's left like right in the middle of the edge? You are one of the edges. They're not married. Coming up on him, working together at back. They give you the stuff, James, if you like. As for the local, you also want you to let life go. If they give you half the time, they can get you out of these. You're all just being held on by Cabaretta. He's shot, you know what I'm saying? He's shot, you know what I'm saying? You should let him play. It's a good shot, you should let him play. Now, I feel like I'm going to get stuck in the middle of the corner. I'm going to get stuck in the middle of the corner. I'm going to go around third coming on into the corner. I'm going to get stuck in the middle of the corner. One ball, one strike. That's themselves five runs on four hits. Three hits coming off Roy and one... He's going to work again. I'm going to be hard. I'm going to have to get my right side of the field. My right side of the field. I'm going to have to get my right side of the field. I'm going to have to get my right side of the field. I'm going to get my right side of the field. Coming back. The first one in front of Dr. Hummer, that's one of the best ones I've seen so far. When you're going to go back. That's one away in my left. The first time. Eddie Mayo, who's the first one to go, has rolled in the first half of the day. And he's double, once his sevens coming up in the standard liver, he's going to lead the ball out of the center and the first one goes right into the bat. Dr. Kramer swings on that one. He's got a long, long pass. Don Johnson, the second shot, he's got a long, long pass. He's got a long pass. The first half of the day, he's got a long, long pass. Dr. Kramer, Mayo going the third on the plate. One out. Dr. Kramer, third. He's got an R, eight to two, and Kramer's a great game. And this year, he's going to play. Dr. Kramer picks up the first one and you'll have a great start right into the big hang. The second baseman. Kramer's a great game. Dr. Kramer's a great game. He's got a long pass. He's got a long, long pass. He's got a long, long pass. He's got a long pass. The first two shot, they're going to get a long one and a little bit past the one. They try to come out as sincere and their numbers are not wide enough. They're shouting for a hang to get a hit. All the teams, let's have long pass. He's got a long pass. He's got a long pass. He's got a long pass. Kramer's a great game. Now, he's got a long pass. Dr. Kramer's a great game. the left field, and Lowry comes in and makes a sensational running catch, aren't there? As the ball is played, as Eddie Mayo comes in to score easily with run number nine. Lowry came in, made a running catch on that fine drive, Greenberg's out in the left field, retiring Greenberg, but Lowry, with a speedy on his feet, came in to score a run number nine for Detroit. As the ball is played by the wind, and makes a two on, putting on, two runs in here, with the top of the eighth inning, and Lowry's coming by. Coming by with a run nine, eight times with a serious step to the end, with the first pitch, and pass it off, strike one. And so the road becomes steeper for the Cubs. As Lowry delivers a little high, Cullen-Bahn taking it for play one. Cullen-Bahn has struck out and scrolled three times in this game. Another pitch to him is high again, ball two. Big Roy, who got off for a slow start in the series, comes through on fast, and he has five hits out of the only one time. There's one out for Chicago here in the fourth. At the time of the game, before I can stop the eighth inning, he's going to stand through on six. On one hand, when no-one's going to stop the honor, and when no-one's going to stop the honor, at the end of the seventh inning, he's going to play the score, is 0.9 Chicago two. Well, it's no fun. Cullen-Bahn is happy when Ryan is ready to smile. For a seven-year-old in the game, and a women's career, no other shaving combination compares with the two-up plays, or the two-up ball plays. Ryan might have an enemy army and an enemy navy, and land on sea and in the air. It's the Gillette laser and Gillette blue-blade that are rolling out. That's what we say. The Gillette blue-blade and the Gillette laser are made for each other in the same fashion. They're the same same fashion, and the same high-precision standard. Yes, the Gillette blue-blade and the Gillette laser have a perfectly matched shaving combination. They put exactly work together beautifully, and turn in the brilliant performance of all these things. Remember, big shot, field shot, nice shot. New Gillette blue-blade, with the sharpest edges ever held. Now the handhack will take 20. And again, how new has it become. And again, young Prince Mac. He works at best armament. He goes it over to first, the score, and he ends the fight. The fight is the last victory to a powering start, and losing that first game at Detroit. He has a chance to win the series after another season. The main thing about the big white-blade is that he's five to one in ten. And he's out there today. And it's a big night left in the middle of the night. Now you're out. Now, he's going to take a little bit of a backer. That's my Monday. He's going to take a little bit of a backer. He's got a good spot. He's got a good spot. He's got a good spot. He's got a good spot. He's got a good spot. He's got a good spot. He's got a good spot. He's got a good spot. He's got a good spot. He's got a good spot. He's got a good spot. He's got a good spot. He's got a good spot. He's got a good spot. He's got a good spot. He's got a good spot. He's got a good spot. He's got a good spot. He's got a good spot. They are going to be in New York. Now, it's not going to happen. It's not going to happen. Now, you ready to sell? You ready to sell in one-on-one pitch to John Long? So you have to sell five out of three for this round. No hits in one strike. Pathgoes, we know, has had five hits, but you can go to Chicago. He's ready to throw on some fouls at all. New York, Pathgoes swings. He's got the fouls at the right-hand hitter. No, we don't want to go on. That ain't live. First pitch was a game that's held all along. And the Pathgoe hit one down to Skeeter Web at short. He played it very well. It's been a long time since he was in the game. He thought he'd have a better coming down. The game goes on and on. He's far down. All three on Don Johnson. He lost out on New York. One run on two hits. Looks down at O'Neill behind third. These balls, they're in there carefully. And there was one resort. That's the beginning of the ball. The score is fair. That's the end of the match. On the ground, that's the third play. One ball, two strikes. Ball turns it. Ninety-two, the score is fair. And that's the end of the match. We'll do the same here. We're moving to the last half of the eighth. And the game goes to Johnson. He swaps it down to Skeeter Web. The throw to York in time. He's not here by chance. Look, Sharpe, out of coming down to draw. He's outlawed. He lost out on a pretty snappy land in the ice ball in Missouri. That's the beginning of the second half. O'Neill the only runner. That's the end of the match. Now he's peanut flowering. Phantom Bird former MVP in the Army. That's the first time I've been right handed. One for three today. The goal return is high. Ball one. He goes immediately when the outlaw gets up there. Now he's had eight hits in a series. Out of twenty-eight times up. Thanks to Ball's strike. That was a downer. A lot of stuff on it. He pulled up a five to take it low. Ball one. One ball and one strike. It's a count on third baseman Jimmy. Inside that pitch. Ball two, two ball two strikes from Larry. One out and nobody on in the last half of the eighth inning. It swung on and hit just over two. Howl Newhauser calmly working. Blinds up. Left hands it in. Bloop down the left field line. In comes Greenberg. He can't come up to it. Larry is on it first. That's his second hit of the afternoon. He's out of Greenberg and left field. Howl comes Cabaret on it. That is the seventh hit off Newhauser. He turns around. Twenty-second hit off of him in the series. Go Cabaret. It's time for three this afternoon. Steps up there. Dark complexion. Good-looking, very quiet. The screen is on the inside. Third one. They're playing strikes. Outdoor, slides under the page. He saves the second. Newhauser works. Swung on by Cabaret and it's hit back on the ground in the center field. Larry is turning his way down the third and Kramer feels the ball in the second. Larry is the third Cabaret at first. That was the third hit today for Cabaret at. Now here's Cut-Call. He has a triple and three times up a day. And the pressure is on handy-handy. Swings on that one. It's a high foul coming back into the stand. Strike one on Cut-Call. And here's the kid from the farm country of Wisconsin. Who of these five brothers used to get up in the morning an hour ahead of time so they could get their farm choice done and go out and play some tough little baseball. And here he is with his team behind at bat with a chance to strike a great blow for his team that she called up here in the eighth inning of the deciding game of this 45 World Series. Swings on that one. Hits it on the ground foul. Outside at third base. The score is 9-2 with Detroit in front. These Cubs are not through yet. Newhouse are carefully rubbing up a new ball. Two strikes quickly on Pat. So he's fouled out two of them. The pitch is swung on. He strikes out. Newhouse has struck out Pat. Go twice in a row with men on bases. And for Newhouse it had a strikeout number eight. In the series it's his 20th strikeout. That makes it two out now for Chicago on the last of the eighth. And still cover-up is at first and low at third. And here's Nicholson. Nicholson hasn't hit today. Hasn't gotten the ball out of the infield. Takes an outside pitch for ball one. Nicholson was spotted in seven runs more than anybody else in the series. They're finding left handed swings on one. There's a high towering foul after the right of the plate. Richards was over to the stands that's a strike on Nicholson. One ball, one strike on Pat there. Nicholson the big fella. Down in Chesterton, Maryland. Pella was a kid who wanted to go to the United States Naval Academy of Annapolis. But the color blinders kept him out. So he went to Washington College instead. Graduated and here he is a major league baseball star. One and one on him. That pitch is down a little bit low into the dirt. I think he foul tipped it. A ball, one strike. Not sure. I'll tip Richards on the hand and Richards is trotting over to the dugout of the Tigers and there will be time for him out. Nicholson foul tipped that one just slightly off his bat. And it caught Richards on the hand. He's right hand and he can't play. Down over to the dugout and I think that that will be all for Richards. I believe Bob Swift is being waved in from the boat. Richards has apparently played a sports fan. There comes Jimmy Rosa, I think. See who that is coming out to warm him up. That's plenty of blessings. Among them is the thrill we are doing with the good things we've been doing. So it is coming out. Bob Swift gets the tools of catching on. He's coming in here as Richards' engine on the last half of the eighth inning. That's too bad for Paul. No, both stores have this left check stuck at now. You'll have to find one more to play. One more two-tracks down on the batter, Nicholson. He's fighting in the crotch of Chicago on the last half of the eighth of these shots by the stay in the running. That is his first. That is his third. Now Steve O'Neill is walking out of the dugout of the Tigers and back to his spot approaching nine-third. That will be all in this series for Paul Richards. Richards has certainly done himself very handsomely in the series. Today he has driven in four runs and this is the seventh deciding ball game for a total of six runs batted in on the series. He's had three doubles today which gives him four hits out of 19 times up in the series. He was more four times and he struck out three times. That's a record of accomplishment on the part of Paul Richards that stamped him as a tremendous asset to the Tigers in this very, very filling 1945 series. Steve O'Neill has stopped on his way back to third now to say a few words to his son in law, Skeeter Webb, who plays a shortstop. He's been trading by four runs, just cutting up papers to law. Now O'Neill's been trying to strike at everything and he's gone back to the Tigers. Now he swings and now that's strike one. One man was born in Salina, Kansas. He said he thought he was the only guy who's known to strike in Kansas. He seems to try to go out now and that's how he was born in Salina. This is a mighty team which is a small town outside of Salina, Kansas. He's helped their fight and battle. You have to watch as we mentioned this. What is it? The news is strong on that side. He's walked away from the fight and Charlie Grimm comes rocking in to third. He's not having enough. Now he's taken his... Now he's wrapped up near the side and the audience is very close to him. He's got themselves a bit of a round delay on down there. News is taking his chin out at Pasarela. That's what he's in the United States doing too. There are 2 out of 5. There are more. They both hit Newhouse then. The left-hand he's on the ground, but the left-hand is in the middle. And I need to go up, duck out a few times. Here we are ready to go. Now, you can go on the outside, ball two, and the right-hand, he's inside. Ball two, and the right-hand, he walks you on. And the right-hand growls in the far, who disagreed with the call on that last foot. You go on the inside, and the right-hand, he moves, and it swings on it and it's foul. On the ground, down the first, baby. Here it is. Here it is. Count the man, then he's inside. The right-hand goes right three, and he moves his throw again. but he's out of there. he tries to lean on Nile again, he's stuck out in this ball game. he's not close to a game break, that's the one of the thrilling aspects. I don't think he can pass the last minute. there's no one to hit it coming up. nobody is saying that to replace him. he's out. he's trying to hide the primer. Nile is out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. he's out. 224. Newhouse and Lafayette, who lead a bronze game in 1931. Time on every first in the four game series, bearing in number 28, that's in front of him tonight. Now there's a dark wing when I'm out, living to the big messing here behind the catcher. Livingston batting right now has two strikes. One for three today. He has driven in four months. You'll either leave, pass the hole, or you're out of hit. Nice of you. Livingston batting right now has two strikes. One for three today. Livingston started for it. Check the swing and art. Pass the roll, it calls it a strike. Now a new ball put in play. Newhouse has it rubbed up. So it's two strikes on Livingston. Runners is looking at third. It's a little too high. Makes it voluntary, but it's not on style. It's going to the valley. Newhouse of pitches. I had some eyes on this guy. He's going all in. He's going all in. He's going all in straight. There it is. Swing and strike sounds. Charged GI was in the army, going out on the field for Newhouse. He's looking for some baseball. He's got to go on the last power bat. Swing and strike sounds. Now the lead off hitters. Henry Houser. What story does anybody go out on the ball? It's a game to retire the side in the last half of the eighth inning. And then Henry has been turned back. That's what he did. One on and she's got to go. On three hits. But Henry Houser is left on. Then we know Detroit Harris. So the score. It's got eight full innings of this three. The seventh goes side. The game of the 45-0. The second half of the season. He's getting shot. The ninth is this game. There's a goal. Three. Oh, you can't afford to miss. Bill Corms highlights. It comes by swinging. That's a down ball to show. Thank you, man. Yeah, it's a great play for him. He's just done the cup. Just as soon as the last half of the game here at Wrigley Field. So in the last fifth inning, there's nothing across the Chicago Cubs. And the score at the end of the five full innings of play is Detroit six and Chicago two. And I believe it's big one for Erickson who's coming in to be the next pitcher for the Cubs. But Wrigley's officially announced. He's taking the stride in now from out there in left field where the ballpan is located. And while Erickson is coming to the mound, he completes his warm-up pitches. And to occur as the fourth pitcher this afternoon, the Chicago Cubs, let's pause here 10 seconds for station identification. Remember, man, look sharp, feel sharp, be sharp. Use Gillette blue blades with the sharpest edges ever hung. This is the mutual broadcasting system. This is WGA in Chicago serving the U.S.


Good day fellow investors. Yesterday Amfi released a new company presentation. So after two years of almost radio silence, Amfi has been releasing, communicating to investors, investors' presentations, investors' conferences and now a new presentation, going into the earnings release. So this new presentation gives a lot of new data, gives a good overview what the company is doing. So feel free to check it out on the company's investor relation website. I will not be going into all the details, but what the presentation allows me to do is analyze expected margins for fiscal year 2018, so for the upcoming years. Amfi is in the Basmati business. Basmati takes one year to age, 12 months on average. So the cycle is pretty visible up front. So we can see what will happen to Amfi's earnings in the next 12 months. Given that I have the data about last year now, I can analyze and estimate margins and earnings per share for the next year. So that's what I'll do in this video. Plus there is a nice map for the Indian New Distribution Centers, which is very interesting and some insight on the Basmati rice market in general. So let's start with the distribution centers. You can see that in two years Amfi has increased its distribution all over India practically. There is still plenty of room to grow. Now I don't know India so in detail, perhaps someone from India can give us more insight in the regional distribution that Amfi is following here. However 15 centers is better than only one center. And given the growth that given the growth the Indian market is expected to provide in the future as the country develops, as there is more economic power, because Basmati rice is a premium brand.  So it's really a premium eating category. And as more people have money, more there will be more demand for Basmati rice. Average yearly growth has been 16% for Indian Basmati rice sales, which is very, very good. And this is already a very important chart here because it shows us the price of Basmati. It's much higher than other specialty rice as you can see here. But what's important is that for fiscal year 2017 that ended March 2017 for Amfi, the average price was $1,150. The last month in March the average price was $1,500. So that's already a significant increase. If we check if we check Faos Basmati rice prices, we can see that in March the price was $1,078, which means the prices were already growing. But Amfi has a premium on it as I see here. So as prices increased another 10% in April, thus in fiscal year 2018, I think we can take $1,600 as an average Basmati selling price for Amfi for fiscal 2018. This is 50% higher than the average in fiscal 2017. And these are the numbers that we'll take to calculate the earnings estimate for 2018. Other interesting presentation data you can see here globally diversified customer base broad product portfolio. I think that every one of the viewers will be familiar with this retail companies here and probably you are also buying there. Now back to earnings. For the first half of the year 2017 trailing 12 months earnings were 542 million on the 1,100 per ton Basmati price. Revenue growth in the next six months was 2% as the company announced in May. So we can use this number as the fiscal 2017 revenue. Now let's apply the 50% increase in Basmati prices on these numbers. So as Amfi derives 66% of its revenue from the sale of Basmati rise, thus 66% of the trailing revenue of 542 million is 357 million. Increase that by 50%. We get 536 million. Increase add the 184 million in sales that's not from Basmati rise. And we get to a revenue of 720 million for 2018. That's a 33% increase. On top of the Basmati price increase Amfi has been increasing sales at around 15% per year over the last six, seven years. New acquisition in Germany that will increase sales, new contracts, higher demand from China. So I would expect another 10% increase in volume to Amfi's sales. So the total number would be around 790 million in sales for 2018. Now the next thing we have to see is the margins. And I have compared here the margin increases in the past years depending on Basmati price increases. So from 2012 to 2014 Basmati prices increased 12% and margin improved 60 basis points. From 2013 to 2014 Basmati price increased 14% and margins improved 110 basis points. From 2014 to 2015 Basmati prices grew 5% and margin increased 50 basis points. Given the 50% increase in Basmati prices I would expect an improved margin of at least 250 basis points in comparison to 2017. Thus in 2017 the margin was 13.2%. I would add a 15.7% EBITDA margin on Amfi's revenue. So on the 70, 792 million in revenue EBITDA at 15.7% margin would be 124 million. So EBITDA 122 million taking off the interest expense of 27 million which could be lower because interest rates in India have fallen by 150 basis points in the last year, earnings before tax 95 million, tax 15% average in the last three years because the company's headquarters are in Dubai for tax reasons, net income should be around 80 million. Divided by the 35 million shares outstanding earnings per share of 2.28. At current stock prices the forward fiscal 2018 price earnings ratio is 2.92. So we have a price earnings ratio of 2.92 for 2018. To add this will improve Amfi's credit scores extremely with net debt to EBITDA estimated below 2 is currently 2.6 and interest coverage going higher than 4. Very important numbers especially for institutional investors. So all this research leads my mind to one joke and that's the joke where two investors walk down the street and one says look there's a $20 bill lying on the ground and the other says oh no way if it would be a $20 bill somebody would already have picked it up. This in this case I see a $20 bill lying there just waiting to be picked up. I hope that in the next 6-12 months as Amfi delivers, as the numbers are confirmed, as everything's going on that can be predicted because of the nature of the Basmati rice market gives investors the certainty about the company IPO five years ago so a lot of information constantly there risking itself. So I think it's time that people pick up the $20 bill. Thank you for watching leave your comments below do research if you have something to share add please let us know we are here to share our knowledge in order to lower our risks and increase our returns. Don't forget to subscribe click like if you liked the video and I'll see you in the next video


We'll now go to the minister, sorry member statements from Prince Edward Hastings. Well thank you speaker and you know that I love hockey and you know that this is the inaugural season of the Belleville Senators in the American Hockey League but this weekend is a very special weekend in Belleville. The Rogers Hometown Hockey Tour is facing off in downtown Belleville this weekend right across from City Hall. The two-day celebration features free hockey themed events for the whole family. Saturday's festivities run from noon until six and Sunday started one. Highlights include autograph signings by Belleville born former NHL gold tender and Calder trophy winner Andrew Raycroft and Belleville Bull scoring sensation ex-NHLer played for the Leafs for a while, Kyle Wellwood. There's also going to be a parade of champions to honor Belleville's proud hockey history and we do have a tremendous story to tell Mr. Speaker and it'll be on display this weekend. Of course the Subin family, the famous Subin family, all three boys played hockey with the Belleville Bulls, PK credits his time playing for the former Belleville Bulls as a key factor in his development and both of his brothers Malcolm and Jordan also played for the Bulls. Malcolm's a star right now with the Vegas Golden Knights who have taken the NHL by storm. You're going to see some highlights if you watch the Rogers Telecast on Sunday night and you may even hear a familiar voice calling some of those PK Subin spinaramas during that broadcast. We've got a lot of great NHLers that are from Belleville as well, Andrew Shaw with Montreal, Brad Richardson from Vancouver, Nick Cousins plays for Arizona, Derek Smith, Calgary, Alan Kline, the New York Islanders. The pregame show features Ron McClain and Tara Sloan, make sure you tune in, 7.30 and some great music by that famous band, the Trans Canada Highwaymen. Looking forward to Rogers Hometown Hockey in Belleville. Member from Timmons James Bay. Thank you very much Mr. Speaker. We have to take this occasion to say a little something about all our friends who have come from schools across Ontario in order to find out what this place is all about but more importantly Mr. Speaker they're going to take your chair and they're going to take my chair and they're going to come here and they're going to have a debate and they're going to talk about the issues that are important to people across this province from the perspective of where they come from and they're going to find out as we do this chamber is all about doing is what right for the people back home. Sometimes we get caught in the hyperbole of this thing sometimes hyperbole I learned that word last week yeah hyperbole last week I learned that word but my point is we find out that at the end of the day we're all people that come to this place for essentially the same reason and that is that we're trying to serve our constituents the best of the weekend we're trying to move public policy ahead in a way that makes sense to us yes we have differences of opinions conservatives new Democrats and liberals look at things from a different perspective but that's okay that's what democracy is all about it's about making sure that those ideas come forward that there is proper debate and that there's action on those debates politics is the art of the possible of being able to make a difference and every day that you come to this place and every day that you wake up in his great job as MPP you have an opportunity to make a difference in somebody's life and I've got to say there's no life like it and I'm very lucky to have done it for 28 years change seats everybody's change seats the member from your typical center typical center thanks very much mr. Speaker speaker last spring GTA officials at Pearson Airport revealed that they were considering permanent changes to flight pass along the north-south runways at Pearson Airport and this would have meant a significant and permanent increase to the number of flights over a number of communities including mine in Etobicoke Center to me this would have been unacceptable as it would have massively increased the number of flights the amount of noise over our community while doing nothing nothing to reduce airplane noise for people across our city or improve airport performance from the very beginning speaker I have made it clear that I will do everything possible to advocate for my community and fight against this proposal and I have I've attended community meetings I've advocated with GTA and government officials and have provided many updates to my community most importantly however the GTA is eager to build a transit hub at Pearson Airport that requires provincial funding and support and so I have repeatedly made it clear that I will not support the government of Ontario providing funding or support of any kind for the transit hub at Pearson if the GTA moves ahead with its plan to redistribute flights over our community on a permanent basis and I have great news what recently the GTA announced that they will not be permanently altering flight pass over the next five years of our community now while this is good news speaker our work is not finished we'll have to monitor the GTA's plans in the years to come to see if they change but this outcome would not have been possible without the efforts of MP Boris Yosnevsky the Community Alliance for Air Safety the Marklin Woods Homeowners Association and those who attended meetings in our community to advocate for this rest assured that I will continue to advocate to ensure the GTA works in collaboration with our community and does not permanently shift flight pass over a total cost member from Chatham can Essex thank you very much speaker this past family day was a fitting day to be present and address a large crowd celebrating the grand opening of the Chatham Hope Haven in my writing of Chatham can Essex Hope Haven is an emergency shelter for homeless men in my writing as a non-profit organization it helps homeless men with hygiene food a safe and non judgmental environment providing warmth from the cold and food for nourishment program director mr. Joe Simpson and pastor Morris Cullier in his new beginnings ministry receive no government funding to keep these men safe at the moment they can only allow a maximum of 10 men to stay overnight because of a lack of funding to upgrade their fire alarm system they need $30,000 once funding is secured they will be able to provide overnight accommodations for up to 40 men now because of this they welcome donations of food clothing and hygiene products the shelter also depends on the help of volunteers striving to improve the lives of those in need within our community you volunteers are always welcome many people on the fringe of society are estranged from their families they may feel disconnected and unappreciated they may feel like they have no safe place to go and many suffer from mental illness or even abuse the fact that the Chatham Hope Haven has been successful shows the power of civic action and volunteerism it speaks volumes sorry it speaks volumes about the generosity of ordinary people and their capacity for self sacrifice Chatham Hope thank you that was the third time I remember from Kitchener Waterloo thank you very much Mr. Speaker our public libraries provide extraordinary value to communities yet because of a 20-year-old provincial funding freeze they are struggling to provide the services that people count on in my community the Waterloo Public Library and the Kitchener Public Library have called for increased funding after the public library grant in Ontario was cut by approximately 40% in the late 1990s despite past and present advocacy efforts the funding has never been restored local libraries provide a vital public service people rely on the WPL and KPL for access to the internet programming and community interaction and for many citizens Mr. Speaker libraries address the issue of isolation for vulnerable populations just last year KPL increased the number of cardholders by 20% they established a new digital space and increased their social media engagement by 34% and WPL also continues to modernize by offering program programming like outdoor summer jazz concerts English conversation circles and estate planning I'd like to commend the WPL and the Kitchener Public Library for their excellent work they have strong leaders in both of those libraries and I hope that the government will join me in recognizing the importance of libraries as a vital public service by lifting the provincial funding freeze the Waterloo and Kitchener Public Library has had both shown that having fun isn't hard when you've got a library card thank you very much Mr. Speaker member from Eglinton Lawrence thank you Mr. Speaker I hope that all members across the legislature are doing something to support Black History Month in February in their writings Black Ontarians have helped build this great province and city and they deserve a little bit of respect during Black History Month and I hope that the young students are here from across the province are doing something for Black History Month in their school because if you don't know your history you're never going to be able to respect the people around you in Eglinton Lawrence next Thursday we're going to be doing our annual Black History Month and we're going to be featuring local Black artists the artists that we're going to be featuring is Adrian Sadaway Hales who is an incredible artist who has undertaken great works on 10 story buildings in Toronto you can see his work at Youngett College you can see his work on Eglinton where with spray cans paint he paints these incredible renditions of our local history and so this Thursday at BME Christchurch St. James which is the oldest black congregation in Canada we will be hosting our annual Black History Month so I encourage people to support their local artists whether they be black red or white but we are going to be supporting black artists this Thursday at Christchurch BME please honour our black Ontarians this Thursday remember from Sault Ste. Marie thank you mr. Speaker a recent statistic in Sault Ste. Marie suggests that there are over five there are five overdoses per day within my community alone there is a perception that the opioid crisis is restricted to large urban centres there is a perception that this crisis affects only marginalised people these perceptions are wrong the opioid crisis affects all groups and has become an epidemic in smaller cities across Ontario and Canada as a whole these communities particularly those in northern Ontario are struggling with poor demographics economic challenges a lack of growth and a general sense of hopelessness these conditions have paved the way for the opioid crisis that we presently find ourselves in hospitals and municipal agencies have limited resources to address these concerns we need to allocate greater resources to combat addictions and mental health we need to create and foster education initiatives to prevent the spread of addiction we need to implement measures to limit the production of opioids and we need to lobby the federal government to make amendments to the criminal code and the control drugs and substances act in order to denounce and deter those persons within the supply chain of these addictive addictive and often life threatening substances it is imperative that we find a way to work together regardless of our perspective political stripes through all levels of government to come up with solutions to resolve this crisis that is destroying families and taking the lives of too many people across our province in our country here time for petitions is over sorry member statements sorry two more okay I'm sorry the member from Oshawa no Ottawa South thank you very much Mr. Speaker this is kindness week in Ontario and it was almost a decade ago that the member from Ottawa Center put forward a motion that passed unanimously to create it and last Friday I was joined by my colleague the minister the minister of infrastructure to kick off kindness week in Ottawa so I'd like to thank Dan Greenberg a core village the caring and sharing exchange and all the volunteers for all they do to support kindness week and kind Ottawa and I'd like to say congratulations to CTV's Terry Markot on receiving this year's kindness award for his work in the community he received the award from Rabbi Volka the father of kindness week and proud to say that they are both my constituents I'm privileged to represent the writing of Ottawa South and Ottawa South families from 125 countries have chosen to make it their home they speak 90 languages and there are not many places in the world where that happens and it works we live together work together learn together our children play together and there's a glue that binds us together and one of the primary ingredients in kindness is kindness and it's important that we recognize and celebrate that so mr. Speaker happy kindness week member statement member from Halliburton Corridor Lake's Brock thank you mr. Speaker I rise today to address an urgent issue in the writing of Halliburton Corridor Lake's Brock yesterday correction officers at the Central East Correctional Center in Lindsay left their posts as part of a refusal to work action because of the unsafe working conditions that they face on the job correctional officers in Lindsay have been subjected to 14 assaults at the hands of inmates just this year this is not the first time that CECC Lindsay staff have raised the alarm about working conditions but sadly every time something like this happens at this facility the provincial government stays silent in January I met with the local corrections officers as well as other staff at the jail to learn about what they face on a day-to-day basis what they told me is that staff are often outnumbered their workloads are overwhelming and the facility space itself is completely inadequate the provincial government has a responsibility to ensure safe working environment for our corrections officers but they are failing at that job enough is enough mr. Speaker this government needs to act now to protect our correctional officers and to address the broader systemic issues that have led to this crisis in corrections they should be focused on practical solutions like hiring additional officers and building new facilities to address overcrowding which we on this side of this house have committed to doing I hope they will finally listen to the pleas from the correctional officers in my writing and fix the mess they have created


Aš laimėjome, žaidėjome, kad mūsų žaidėjome, žaidėjome, žaidėjome, žaidėjome, žaidėjome. So, IDS-CFT, well, is a gold standard example of holographic description. Well, in general, in holographic description well, idea is, as you will know, let we can describe physics in a bulk by some data specified on a boundary. Let boundary is usually called a holographic screen. And in known examples of holographic description, this data is agonized in a form of conformal field theory. So, the first, the main example of this holographic description is IDS-CFT. And we can see the symptotic IDS metric. So, y is sort of a radial direction. L is a radius, this L is the radius of anti-dissitter. So, when y goes to infinity, let's say leading behaviorally metric, and what stands here is metric on the dimensional boundary. So, our safety is supposed to live here, has a dual description in terms of gravity on anti-dissitter. So, scalar field. So, in excitation on anti-dissitter, for instance, scalar field. I apologize, I will spend some time telling you very known facts, but I will use them later. So, scalar field will mass m, assuming that phi becomes exponential of h y l. We find equation for h, which is that form. And from here, we find two solutions, h plus and h minus. So, one value h plus is positive, h minus is negative. So, one mode is growing, sorry, it's minus. The other mode is decaying. And, well, for large y, we have an expansion. In ADSFT dictionary, this mode describes a source on the boundary, and that field would be a technician value of a dual operator. So, in order to reconstruct, well, this field in the bulk, we have to specify both the source and the expectation value. I have minus on both. Simply h minus is negative, h plus is positive. So, similar story exists for gravity, assuming that metric in the bulk satisfies and stand equations with positive, sorry, negative cosmological constant. We have well-known Phaferman Gram expansion. Well, let metric, well, let's explain it y. Well, there are some sublidian terms plus. In this expansion, two terms are not determined. The boundary metric and this term. This second term has interpretation as expectation value of boundary stress engine tensor. It can be also thought as a proportion to extrinsic curvature of the boundary, of regularized boundary. And in order to reconstruct metric in the bulk, we have to specify both the metric and the expectation value of stress engine tensor. Local conformal symmetry on the boundary is a part of conformal symmetry. On the boundary is generated by bulk difumorphism. I use coordinate rho instead of y here. Xa rho is alpha x. And xa i will satisfy certain equation, which can be determined in powers of rho. And under this difumorphism, the boundary metric transforms conformally. So, let's list under story in ADCFT. If you want to do similar analysis in the sitar spacetime, well, one way is to analytic continuation for L squared. So, L to iL and also y to it. And the sitar spacetime is a, well, it looks like that. That's global time tau. And in this case, we have two boundaries at tau minus infinity and tau plus infinity. So each section of the sitar space is a sphere. And, well, in this picture, with Strominger in 2001, we can associate to each with surfaces conformal operators, which satisfy the usual conformal correlation functions. And, well, in this case, if you look here, if you do analytic continuation L squared to minus L squared, there is minus here. And H plus has interpretation in the dual series conformal dimension. It may become imaginary if mass is sufficiently large. So that is one problem. The second problem is that, well, if you want to describe quantum evolution on the sitar spacetime, in principle, we could describe evolution in terms of correlation functions between operator here and operator there. But any single observer will not have access to all data which is specified on each sphere. So that sort of evolution would not be observable. Any observer will not have access to the whole information on the screens. Well, similar story exists for fifth-ramangrium expansion. Well, in this case, it was for the sitar spacetime. It was discovered by Starobinsky completely independently in 1983. So in these two examples, anti-desittery desitter, conformal theory lives on the co-dimension one. Hyper-surface. In my next example, conformal theory will live on co-dimension two. Hyper-surface. Well, this picture was suggested in our paper William de Bourre in 2003. So now we are in Minkowski spacetime. Aksmological constant is zero. And we look at light cone. Take any light cone. So then inside light cone we can slice spacetime with hyperbolic slices. So here spacetime looks like that. Spacetime metric minus dt squared plus t squared. And here metric of hyperbolic space. So t goes that way. And outside the light cone we can slice it with desitter slices. So here metric, flat metric looks like du squared plus a squared metric of desitter. Yes. And all these slices have the same boundary. Well, actually two boundaries. That's sphere and the second sphere. That would be s minus d s plus d. So here is to relate, well, considerably, du layer standard holography on each slice here on layer. And these two spheres would be two holographic screens where all data, conformal data are defined. So if we start with, as an example, scalar field, mass m. Then suppose I look at here outside, look at solution to this equation outside light cone. I assume this behavior, sorry, theta. Then this field phi, okay, phi lambda will satisfy massive, well, scalar field equation will set a mass on the anti desitter slice. And mu is related to lambda. And what is interesting, if you look at propagating nodes, propagating nodes are plane waves. Then these nodes are described by complex lambda. And respectively, if you now compute conformal waves for that mass using that expression, you'll find that, correspondingly, conformal operators have a complex. So in this description, in this description, the propagating waves, plane waves are described by conformal operators defined at the here layer with complex conformal weights. Well, there is ongoing research. What does the holographic screen see in the Penrose diagram? Well, on Penrose diagram, I guess that would be my light cone, and that would be this sphere. So you take special points on sky plus and sky nine. Which depends on the origin. It depends on the origin where I put this point. So I can, of course, move this origin, and that will generate certain symmetry on my sphere. In particular, you'll have generators of BMS group generated on that sphere. You don't have to consider this the whole co-dimension one. I could, but all these slices have the same boundary, and it's more economic defined data here. I would have thought that this holography has to play with the full sky plus and sky nine. If it exists. Well, in these pictures, like let's, we pick one cone. In the other example, you didn't pick any special observance. Here you are showing the past and future life forms of the hidden observed. It is, it is, yes. It is attached to this particular observer, which goes that way. Well, there is some ongoing research on different of two groups. One group by Strominger and Lala by Sand Room, which are building on this picture. Well, in particular in the paper by Sand Room, they have, so in principle, we could decode S matrix in terms of correlation functions, conform correlation functions defined on these spheres. And they have a one-to-one correspondence, which was already anticipated in our paper, between endpoint correlation function and scattering amplitude. So if you have any, and vice versa, it's invertible. Scattering of digital massless fields? Massless fields, and also massive. Massive are more difficult to describe. Let is true. Well, we can see that massless fields, but there is also, there should be a description for massive fields. There is similar, similar construction for massive fields. Okay. And now... What are the new force degrees to safety degrees for new fields? The statement... Quantum gravity on a constant space? Well, we didn't consider quantum gravity. We just look at simplest scalar field. So for scalar field, the statement is that quantum evolution, or if you like scattering in Minkowski spacetime, can be represented as sort of collision functions between conformal operators defined on these two spheres. Sir, do you think of a very particular sphere on square minus? Let is true. So suppose I send a wave packet from here and detect wave packet there. And always Larisa, well, it's not necessarily picked at this point, but there will be a tail, which can be detected at that point. I mean, why doesn't it depend... What's up on the scribe plus at that sphere? Why doesn't it depend on the whole of scribe minus, or big part of scribe minus, and not just that? I mean, I don't see how you get a unique mapping from this one sphere on scribe minus to this one sphere on scribe plus. It doesn't know what happens at scribe plus depend on other places on scribe minus rather than just that one and two sphere. You mean it may depend on the point, that point? I mean, suppose you have the field that's on this two surface on scribe plus, that depend on the field, not just on that particular two sphere on scribe minus, doesn't it depend on the whole distribution of the scalar field on scribe minus? If you send in two particles, the result will be the same as the impact parameter. There would be... Yes, it would be the same result. The same point on scribe plus scribe minus is just the sphere on the conformal sphere. So, I mean, this picture will wave packets. You don't like it? If you send a single particle, then the picture is correct. You have interaction with the ball. If it doesn't interact, then it will just go straight across. But let me continue near horizon optical metric. Let's take any static d plus two dimensional metric. I use function f, which describes a killing horizon at some point. It is conformal to what is called optical metric. And f of r has a simple root, and beta h is related to inverse temperature. And that metric is called optical metric. So now, because... Well, I introduce here y, and y is related to coordinate r, at least. So near horizon r minus rh is proportional to exponential minus 2y over beta h. And f of r is proportional to minus 2y over beta h. And this factor, this factor, so r squared over f of r, is proportional to some constant c, exponential to y over beta h. And we see that asymptotically, if y goes to infinity, so y goes to infinity, r goes to rh, y approaches horizon. This metric is actually hyperbolic d plus one dimensional metric. So universally near horizon, in the optical metric, we have the product of r1 and hd plus one. So it is universally, but only to leading order y goes to infinity. Horizon, let me... metric horizon is d sphere. In optical metric, it becomes boundary of... Horizon becomes boundary hyperbolic space. And beta h, with inverse hocking temperature, is radius of hyperbolic space. So the statement that this behavior is only to leading order in y, but there is one example when it is so to all orders in y, to all orders in y. And that's exactly when our spacetime is a desitter. So when spacetime is desitter, r squared over f is let. So l desitter radius is beta h. And, well, optical metric is minus dT squared plus metric of anti desitter. Minči vašyt desitter? Well, if no, pure desitter, pure desitter, pure desitter. Consider scalar field. Consider scalar field on this original initial metric, which describes a black hole. We redefine phi, okay, phi optical. And then this phi optical will satisfy, well, sort of massive equation in optical metric, phi optical, where m squared, well, mass effectively becomes bi-dependent. And there are several terms. So mass is just multiplied by f. And there are also terms which don't depend on m. They simply come due to this multiplication. The leading term, first term is d over 4 squared plus other terms which vanish if f is 0. So now when y goes to infinity, that becomes 0. And that becomes minus d over 2 beta h squared. We are looking at solution with particular frequency phi optical omega t. Define that this phi omega satisfies equation on anti desitter phi omega, where this effective mass in linear horizon region is a combination of two tones minus omega squared minus d over 2 beta h squared. So now again we look at this formula and we see that if you compute conformal weights, they become complex d over 2. And phi omega has two modes respectively with h plus and h minus. In fact, I can play similar game for interacting fields. So I add some self-interaction phi n minus 1. So let in long range that would be phi n. So I do exactly the same trick. I rewrite everything in an optical metric. Then phi optical will satisfy, well, similar equation, but now the coupling constant becomes y-dependent and it's multiplied by certain power of function f. So for certain values of n, this n, lambda y is decreasing. For other values it is increasing. So if n is less than 2 plus 4 over d, lambda y goes to 0. So n equals 2 plus 4 over d, lambda y is y-independent, and n larger than 2 plus 4 over d, lambda y goes to infinity. Well, I prepared this talk. I discussed this point with Gary and he suggested that maybe there is a, well, this condition singles out renormalizable theory. And this seems to be the right intuition. So in this case lambda has a positive mass dimension that would be 0 and negative. So renormalizable scalar field near horizon is effectively massless, so mass will disappear, and it's also free. So lambda switches off asymptotically when we approach horizon. So now we can, well, continue the same path and identify conformal operators. So when y goes to infinity, y-optical can be represented as by this integral. Well, let's basically left and right moving modes near horizon. So that would be left moving and would be right moving modes. And respectively, Green's function. So Green's function on optical metric when both y and y-prim prime go to infinity, can be decomposed on Green's function. So that would be Green's function on anti-decider, satisfying, well, let equation. So we fix, we consider let behavior, well, form all the scalar field as boundary condition near horizon, and as usual, we compute on-shell action on a solution to wave equation, which is functional of this boundary data. Take two variations and we get correlation functions for dual conformal operators. So gamma is the geodesic distance on the sphere. So we have two points. That would be gamma geodesic distance. And for these two operators related to left moving and right moving modes, but on the creation function same type of operators produce data function. And what is interesting, well, there is dependence on the frequency here in the correlation function. And this factor, this function contains conformal, sorry, thermal factor. Well, I should probably say also that conformal symmetry, again we can play similar game as in anti-decider, conformal symmetry generated by bulk difumorfism. So we take, we generalize this metric. We put here conformal factor. So asymptotically when rho goes to zero, now horizon at rho equals zero, this metric should approach metric of anti-decider. So we have a decomposition for sigma in jai jai plus some corrections plus some rho corrections proportional to rho. And induced metric on the horizon is multiplied by sigma over rho g0. And again, we look at, as in the case of anti-decider, we look at difumorfism, which preserve the formula metric. And that would be, well, generated by vector ksa. So ksatį is just constant. Ksaro is alpha of x. And ksai, well, in the similar way as a anti-decider case, can be determined by rho expansion and rho. Under this difumorfism, sigma is changing by alpha, alpha x, respectively g0 is changing. And induced metric is, of course invariant. There is a generalization of this difumorfism when CT is not constant, but linearity. And let difumorfism will effectively rescale beta H hocking temperature. You get some interesting algebra? You get some interesting algebra? Well, to lead in order is just usual conformal transformation. You mean... You don't get functions. No, no, we do get functions. So this ksai is expansion in rho. And we get this expansion. How many parameters? No, no, just one. So it's this function alpha of x, infinite. So it's like an anti-decider. So you get like virasora? Well, in this case, this is conformal rescaling on d-dimensional sphere. 4D is 2, we get virasora. So like in 4D sphere would be 2-dimensional, it will get virasora. Let me just... Well, can we reconstruct metric? Well, I already raised the anti-decider case. So in anti-decider we could fix the metric on the boundary, conformal boundary, stress and jatensor on the boundary. And that would give us... Using this data, we could reconstruct the whole metric in the bulk. So... Can we play a similar game here? So in fact, we use same metric. So we use this metric. All this form, we fix sigma 0. We fix j0. And suppose the whole metric satisfies Einstein equations in the bulk. We'll possibly non-trivial cosmological constant. And we look at static solutions. So described by this metric. And then we'll find... So we fix sigma 0 jaj 0 as our data, boundary data. And then all these terms in this expansion for sigma and for jaj jaj are completely determined. Sigma 1, sigma 2 and so on, respectively g1, g2 and so on are completely determined by this data. So... In this game jaj jaj 0 should not be necessarily a metric around sphere. It can be more or less any metric. But of course this solution, if you continue it far from horizon, will not be asymptotically flat, asymptotically Mankovsky. And that means that this metric will not violate this uniqueness theorem by Bernie Israel. Did you have some gauge condition to fix the problem? Away from the... Gauge condition, you mean? Like for for mangan coordinate or something to fix... I let my gauge condition. I use this form for the metric. Yeah, it's everywhere. I assume this metric takes this form. I put it in bulk Einstein equations, solve it iteratively as expansion in row and find that all terms in this expansion are uniquely determined by these two data. So let me finish with... No. That's a very good point. I don't get any analog of stress engine tensor. Well. Let me say why. Because... Well, potentially stress engine tensor would be extinction curvature. Extinction curvature. So like first term in this expansion. So it start from a row squared. First term in this expansion would be extinction curvature and extinction curvature vanishes on the horizon. It's sort of property of horizons. And that's why we don't have the second tensor or stress engine tensor. So the CFT will have continuous spectrum of operators complex dimensions and volume and tension. Yeah. So it's very exotic. Well, it is exotic. But let me finish with some idea or proposal. So how we could define, I don't know, S matrix on this iter space. So let's take a causal patch of this iter. So it's d plus 2. So that would be a word line of inertial observer. It has past horizon. It has future horizon. And that causal diamond is all this observer can see. So it has access to the whole data in principle. When everything what comes in this region comes from here. What this goes there. Respectively, these are in going modes described by some conformal operators. These modes by other conformal operators. Okay, out. And quantum evolution in this patch could be while using this technique can be encoded in collision functions. Conformal collision functions. And similar similar structure in asymptotically flat spacetime wheel horizon. So we have well past horizon here. Future horizon there. So these modes incoming outgoing modes near horizon can be described by this effectively by conformal operators. And well. That would presumably give us some idea how to give quantum evolution in this case. Let me stop here. Your calculation seems to show that for a non-renormalizable theory things are very different. We do a nice formula here for C of omega. Yes, well for non-renormalizable theories and is larger than that number lambda is lambda is increasing function y. And it blows up near horizon. That means we cannot do perturbation theory in this case. So in this case, in this sense normalizable theories are nice because well here in there theory is free and we will define asymptotic states here and there which is not the case for non-renormalizable theories.


Hi, I'm Molly Jane, and Bitcoin had an amazing weekend. It showed up $1,000 to trade around $7,800 at recording time, which is 2019's all-time high. The top cryptocurrency is also up 34% on the week, 54% on the month, and 5,600% up over all time. In order to understand where Bitcoin is going and what's going on with the altcoin market as well, we spoke to our regular correspondent, Maddie Greenspan. Big question of the day, why is Bitcoin shooting maybe to the moon? So it is a good question, but I can't help but notice the irony. For the last few months, we just keep doing these videos, going, when is Bitcoin going to surge? When is Bitcoin going to surge? And now that it's surging, we're going like, why is it surging? Well, we know why. The industry has been building up very steadily over the last few years. Bitcoin is growing, transactions on the blockchain are growing, volumes are growing. People are building the infrastructure. It's not a wonder. The wonder was, why did the prices come down so much to begin with? And now that we're looking at Bitcoin that's below $10,000, people are seeing this as an attractive price. I definitely think so. When was the last time that Bitcoin surged this much, $1,000 in one weekend in your memory? Oh, I don't know. I remember the Q4 of 2017, when it passed $5,000 for the first time ever, $5,000 to $20,000 I think was a really short trip. I believe it was about two weeks. That was probably the biggest surge in dollar terms ever, but I'm pretty sure that there were bigger surges in percentage terms. Do you see any other similarities to that 2017 surge besides the fact that it was a surge? That makes sense. Yeah. The similarity is clear. This is Bitcoin. This is what Bitcoin does. Bitcoin goes through these cycles. We've seen it go through these cycles all throughout history. For example, when it went from $0.08 up to $2.50, that was a huge surge, but then it comes down and retraces back to $0.30. The $0.30 is obviously much higher than $0.08, but it goes up, comes down. It's what it does. It just has these incredible movements, and that's largely due to the rarity of Bitcoin, that there's only going to be ever 21 million Bitcoins in the world. About 4 million of them are lost. About 4 million haven't been minted yet. Of the remaining 13 million coins, a lot of people are hodling too. They're holding it long term. There's very low liquidity, and whenever we see a strong surge in demand like this, it has the effect of sending up the price exponentially. My question is, I remember last year around Blockchain Week in New York, there was some sort of chatter on Twitter and chatter in the crypto community that it would lead to a surge, and it slightly did about two weeks after. Do you think the surge has anything to do with Blockchain Week, or is that just again people talking about nothing? The consensus effect is a very valid theory. A lot of crypto pricing is based on network effect. We can see that most clearly in Dogecoin, where the coin itself doesn't have very much use other than just people getting together and sharing jokes online, but just that network in itself has value. So Bitcoin is a network, and most of the value that's derived in Bitcoin comes from that network effect. So when you have so many people getting together in the same place and talking about Bitcoin, they strike deals, they embark on new partnerships, they do product launches. Things like that have a great way of increasing and strengthening the entire network. So whether or not that translates directly into price, we can see that sometimes it does more and sometimes it does less. My next question here has to do with altcoins, because everyone is talking about Bitcoin breaking 7,000, but less people are talking about Ethereum getting closer to 200. Why do you think that is? So at the moment, Bitcoin is clearly in the driver's seat. We saw some sort of alt season, which was because when we go from crypto winter to an eventual crypto summer, winter doesn't change to summer immediately. You have these days where things are kind of rainy and then maybe sunny later on in the afternoon and vice versa. And what we had for the entire period from let's say around beginning of February when we saw a massive surge in the altcoins until April 2nd when we saw Bitcoin surging, this entire range was kind of alt season, whereas a lot of the altcoins were outperforming as alternative investors were looking for more bang for their buck. They were looking for projects that are a bit undervalued compared to the rest of the market. On that April 2nd surge, alt season basically disappeared overnight. We saw Bitcoin right back into the driver's seat and that's because it's the biggest, because it has the most adoption, the most recognition, that's what people tend to gravitate to. So I'm forgetting exactly who said it, but someone earlier this week said that we covered it in Cointelegraph that Bitcoin would continue to surge, but altcoins like Ripple and Ethereum would not because they have not yet proven their use cases. Do you agree with that statement? Not at all. I mean, look, you're trying to tell the future. I don't really know. As an investor, my general theory is to have a bit of exposure on as many different investments as you can. So taking a look at my portfolio, you can see it very plainly. As Itoro is an open network, you can see my investments. My crypto exposure is about 15%. At the moment, Bitcoin is the largest crypto that I'm holding, but just because of the market conditions right now. During alt season, I was holding more Litecoin and EOS. So those different projects, I mean, it's kind of like getting in on the ground floor of something. Obviously, there's an incredible risk to that because when something is less established, there's less likelihood that it's going to eventually succeed. But sometimes with the higher risk that you're taking comes much higher potential for rewards. So I guess one of my last questions is just any future predictions, anything happening? Will Bitcoin hit $10,000 this week? We'll go back to $3,000. I just pulled those numbers out of nowhere, but you can speak to it better than I can. Yeah, definitely. So there's a lot to be thankful for in crypto right now. There's a lot happening on the fundamental side. Fidelity, for example, I think that that's huge, and that can all of a sudden open up a world of new liquidity and new investments into Bitcoin. Just looking at the chart, from my perspective, I want to call attention to the Fibonacci retracement line. I tweeted about that line April 3rd, April 4th, and say, wait a second, we haven't come to the first wall yet. I see the first wall is around 7,000, which is right about where we're at now. I did receive some scrutiny for this chart, but I'm sticking by at 100%. Given that, we could see a retracement here. I think that that would not at all be a terrifying experience. We've come up a lot seeing some people take some of their profits off the table, seeing it come back down to retrace, 6,000 would be actually very healthy for the market. That said, if we don't see any sort of retracement, we continue on up. I believe that the next wall on the Fibonacci line is around 9,300, 9,400 area. So that's quite a ways to go. And again, I'm Molly Jane from Coin Telegraph. That was us talking to Maddie Greenspan about what happened to Bitcoin over the weekend. And on Sunday to see me again on this week's Hodler's Digest. Comment below what you think Bitcoin's price will be within the next week. Did you know also that Bitcoin's price is going to hit the exact number of likes that we get on this video? So hit the like button right now. This episode is sponsored by Trade Santa. Trade Santa is a cloud-based trading bot. Set it up in less than two minutes, trade multiple pairs, choose between long and short strategies, use tech analysis indicators, and see your results in real time. Trade Santa works 24-7 to get you the profit you set. The platform is already integrated with Binance, BitTracks, Bitfinex, and HitBTC. The link is in the description below. Coin Telegraph. Like, subscribe, and hodl.