The following is a presentation of TFNN The power trading hour with your host David white Call now toll-free at 1-877-927-6648 or internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER> now David white And welcome all to another excellent edition of the power trading hour where it doesn't matter where you're at You'd be standing on your head Hanging off a skyscraper The only thing that matters is you're here at the appointed time The following takes place between 2 p.m. And 3 p.m. So what do we have going on? Well pretty much what I thought was gonna happen a Little bit yesterday a little bit more this morning and that is We've had the big reset that generally comes with fun buying or just before fun buying We also have a three-day weekend coming up my nephew works on Long Island and Can look out the window and see the traffic out to the Hamptons And so I always tell him to give me a call when it starts getting backed up Well, it looks like the traffic's fairly decent off to the Hamptons once again So not surprised that we've got a market that's kind of going sideways fun buying as we said before isn't Is more of What is that that's saying out there? Uh It's more of a suggestion the code is more guidelines the natural rules Okay, anyway Yeah, it's more of a suggestion than a rule Nobody I know has ever gone to jail or even been fined for not living up to the charter Generally the reason to live up to the charter Is that if you don't Then the fund managers won't use you and buy your funds Of course, there's fund managers and money managers and the money managers take the cash and then they buy the funds and Depending on how they feel they hedge those funds on the opposite side so there's kind of this dance of all those 401 K money coming in then it's getting hedged either a little or a lot depending on market conditions and Of course those fund managers then have to actually go out and buy stock And of course since everybody knows Approximately when they're gonna buy stock as soon as they start buying it everybody on the street just starts marking up the prices and You know, some people call it Putting some lipstick on this pig. Let's put some lipstick on this thing. Some people call it other things but the the truth of the matter is you coming into a three-day weekend if you're a Fund manager not a money manager.  Probably Wednesday morning My guess is they'll start marking it up Tuesday morning Maybe mid-afternoon and then you're gonna get whatever is coming in and even in a down market They'll find a way to move it up so they can make some money It's not uncommon for them to shake off and out the weakest hands Especially in the stocks that they think that these fund managers and will be buying So, you know, I kind of know where all the bodies are buried and what's happening. So run people out get them to To toss out their shares at the lows and then sell them next Wednesday at a a user markup a usury markup From the street, of course 401k money is at least the way they think about it on the street is just schmucks money and it's They're your money, but they consider it theirs So don't be surprised that you get in 401k's the worst price generally of the month Not the best eight seven seven nine two seven six six four eight email me at path at tfnn.com and What else do we have? schmucks The technical term I think I say so We talked a little bit about this yesterday, but Nancy Asked about could you talk about Qualcomm Apple lawsuit over those chips? I'm curious as to whether the lawsuit is a real reason Apple is not using 5g modem chips or something else also where will Well, Apple have those 5g chips manufactured Depending on what's going on. This has been an ongoing thing now Qualcomm and Apple have been in litigation off and on And they kind of go to their own corners for a while, and then they come back and fight Qualcomm has basically a monopoly. They've done that by hiring the best and the brightest out of engineering schools especially in the Radio frequency domain and they keep those folks there and make sure that they don't want to go anywhere else You always see a lot of people leaving one company going to another Where digital? Isn't a whole lot of difference we talked a little bit about Dale Earnhardt and how he could kind of to see the wind on Restrictor plate races when he was racing cars and I was able to to side draft He really understood the effect of air on the car and how to set it up a lot of that and there probably isn't a computer or a Circular slide rule some people use long ones Or a calculator or a spreadsheet anywhere that can put all that stuff In a lot of it is just feel and we called it the black arts yesterday But it's always called the black arts in design in chip design And Qualcomm has done the work. They have about a billion Man if I if I if I say a billion, it's probably low on patents on Everything but of course especially on that RF circuits that they use since it is radio frequencies And there's a lot of weird stuff that goes on. It's kind of like quantum computing or quantum physics Digital circuits You can have a fairly average guy design one and they'll probably work you'll be better off with a smarter guy but with the RF circuits she You don't have the best and the brightest you probably have something that works fairly poorly and the History of RF design has been that Building something that works. Well fairly inexpensive Lee and it's all little ideas that kind of add up over time But you know if you just got out of college and you went to work for Qualcomm and they kind of thought you were kind of bright They'll mentor you along and they'll be somebody that's got 30 or 40 years of RF experience And yeah, you'll think you're all good and smart and neat and all that But you know what it only you know They'll keep those folks on to see whether they have the aptitude for it and they'll groom them and move them on Long term, but that's the way you build these kind of companies with a deep technical insight and keep your employees happy, but Why didn't Apple want to get along with Qualcomm? Qualcomm has monopoly and they want to charge more Apple things Kind of like Walmart sometimes with its vendors that you know, you're doing business for this You should just give it to us a cost. There is a kind of a real idea Apple put out of business any That help the time of booming inflation. 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But seeing little to no return or are you a successful trader simply looking to make your job a little easier? Learn to take the path of least resistance with David White's powerful trading newsletter David White is an accomplished trader whose deep understanding of technology and the markets allows him to consistently find And share winning trades support and resistance Define the ranges in which stocks trade by understanding these trading ranges David White is able to find the path of least resistance David White's trading newsletter the path of least resistance is delivered daily Before the mark is open to make every trading day an easy win Visit tfnn.com today and subscribe to David White's ultimate trading newsletter for $119 a month and try all of our newsletters risk-free with our 30-day money-back guarantee Take the path of least resistance at tfnn educating investors Are you looking for a way to consistently add winning trades to your portfolio? Tom O'Brien is here to help Tom O'Brien has been successfully trading markets for over 30 years a Frequent contributor to TD Ameritrade Network and CNBC Tom O'Brien founded tfnn over 20 years ago to help educate investors just like you Tom's daily market newsletter market insights is published every morning when the markets open to give you the competitive Informational edge you need to succeed These newsletters are packed full of Tom's advanced technical analysis and are geared to deliver comprehensive strategies for a successful portfolio Get Tom O'Brien's newsletter market insights today and try all of our products and newsletters 30 days risk-free with our money-back guarantee at tfnn.com tfnn educating investors toll-free at 1-877-927-6648 internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER> Well at the top of the show I talked about The B team or the C team being in for the people but it looks like they're headed out So I don't think you're probably gonna get a lot of action the next couple of days I think these guys have had a tough year already and they're already off to the Hamptons And trying to enjoy life before things probably get a little tougher on them But we're up seven points on the S&P cash up about 15 on the NASDAQ 180 on the Dow that's not a big deal crude oils down a little could have a big news tomorrow Incrued somewhere in the after 10 o'clock hour on legal action So take a look at that and see whether or not Keep an eye on it. Let me put it tomorrow Gold's down about a dollar not a big deal going on there crude silver's off about 7 cents and It's nothing but history repeating On this day in 2007 nearly six months after it was actually introduced apples highly and Anticipated iPhone goes on sale generally downplayed by old world should probably be old world Oh, old word technology old word Technology pundits after its introduction the iPhone was greeted by long lines of buyers around the country on that first day Quickly becoming an overnight phenomenon. One million phones were sold in only 74 days Certainly, there was a lot of action on it Many people do not know that those long lines were being paid for by Apple I bumped into more than a couple of people, you know Steve Jobs learned a lot from Elvis's What was the guy Colonel Parker? About making stuff look good. He was you know, he was always one to to Guild the lily as it would be but You know Anything that you see from Apple, maybe not as much as it used to be with Steve Jobs but you know, you got to think this phone's been on sale for 15 years now and Really only about five and a half or six years was Steve Jobs alive And the rest of the time If you really come up with any kind of product that was really huge for Apple, I'm gonna say The phone is 90% of their business They've been it came down a little bit. They've been able to keep margins up by selling the air buds Which is you know, I I wrote probably five years ago before maybe a year before the air buds came out that They were really looking at turning this into a razor blade Razor razor blade kind of business as Newer stuff became harder and harder to get to but with the exception of Really the ear buds They still have About 90% of the profit really coming from one product and that's the iPhone and the earbuds together but certainly a Good one to punch There's the I think the margin on those things I think it cost about 25 bucks to build and they self they get Apple I think gets on average 200 bucks from them So, you know, you you make something for 25 bucks and sell it for 200 bucks You're doing well but You always wonder when that the end of the road is going to be if they don't come out with some kind of new technology That blows people away Of course, really to management styles One was the bomb thrower the the radical the The I'm gonna change the world with Steve Jobs and of course the current CEO who's more about managing stuff and making sure everything ships on time and More of the mature Market guy, he really hadn't done a whole lot other than me a really good manager Probably would have been a good manager of a grocery store or literally anything else He doesn't have a lot of chops when it comes to technology or a cache or anything close to the cache a that Steve Jobs did on being the showman But he's been a good caretaker for the business, but he wonder when that When that rolls out and whether or not they're stagnating somewhat on this day in 2007 15 years ago You actually could buy an iPhone and be absolutely obnoxious About telling everybody you had one eight seven seven nine two seven six six four eight email me at path at tfnn.com And we'll get to those emails already See can you please explain Why Google isn't doing better. I would think so many billion people using a search in YouTube and other things There's a handful of reasons. Let's pull up a chart here And I brought them up over the last year and a half actually been talking about it for probably a year before Or maybe even two years before and that is these guys just get fined on a daily basis by the rest of the world they continue to Do things and get their hands caught in the cookie jar and the fines just get bigger and the laws get tougher and you know There just isn't a whole lot to say other than You know when nothing's going on and you're a brand new industry There isn't a lot of oversight and you can throw a lot of money around You can get your way for a while, but you know that only works here in the United States where they can buy the congressmen and senators Much tougher to do that overseas Where they have people to compete against this than technology or software a lot of other things and getting right Patriot Patriot article, I think so that'd be the good word to use there, but certainly Europe China a lot of these other places have a lot of restrictions on them and have Kind of like Facebook. I'll met a musil now What is that in? matter These things have kind of fallen off a cliff Again a lot of the ad revenue that Google has is kind of like Meta musil and that is that it's probably highly exaggerated and they charge Good amounts are ready and then probably how many people actually watch them how? Responsive are they? but for Google regulatory issues Are a big a big deal now. They've got their Guy mr. Smith has gone to Washington But that's probably not gonna do him any good because he's done everything good Hope his finger in the eyes of the out of the power party, which will probably be the end the And the in the power party coming up early soon Will be if you want to take advantage of this sector now is the time to subscribe to my goal report The goal report is a comprehensive look at the metal sector as well as the markets that move gold Which is the currency and bond markets new subscribers get a 30-day money back guarantee So you have nothing to lose every Monday morning I published the goal report with coverage of gold silver bonds the XAU HUI GDX as well as more than 30 different mining equities To see for yourself the types of profitable trades that are recommended within the goal report sign up Now by visiting tfnn.com. 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Oh, yeah a question about Tesla and then moving some of the folks out that were Involved in Getting test data For its Robo cars And no driver for that matter Scientists assure us that it's the shape of things to come in highway travel It's all done by computerized electronic impulses relayed to the car through a special receiving unit fixed to the front Signals picked up from the inlet track are interpreted by the unit to change the cars course or its speed It may seem a bit of a pipe dream at the moment But researchers say that robot cars may well be in everyday use within 30 years That was 1960 or 65 I'll think that that's easy. Do we have a caller? Yep Okay, Jeff and Philly. How you doing today? Doing well. How about you? great great So I have a question for you It'll take me a minute to explain the question. So I Have this trade that I do that I figured out how to do on certain news releases and the Sometimes my orders get filled and sometimes the price action Moves in response to the news so quickly that it blows right past my limit before the order can get filled but They used to get filled a lot more frequently like maybe a year and a half or so ago So my brokers the interactive brokers and I've called them a few times trying to see what I can do to Have a greater likelihood that my order will get filled And I asked them, you know, is it a priority because of the size of my account or whatever and they're like, no No, and they also said That the type, you know, it's a simple limit order and that that actually Gets transmitted to the clearing house because the clearing house has Well, I can handle that type of order. So it actually transmits my order limit order transmits from Interactive brokers to Exchange and sits on their server You know until the news is released and it hits my Limit order So which is it's a stop order, right? So if the put when the price moves, it's my stop which triggers it But then I have a limit on it That you know if it blows by too fast doesn't fill So anyway, I've called interactive brokers a few times and asked them, you know Can I pay extra them? There's a lot of trade going make good money on that. I'm not getting filled one But there's nothing Apparently they can do so my question is is there's some kind of Well, do you have any advice in general? And I'm thinking probably you might say one up your own Yeah, there's a couple things you can do first of all is that The the reason that you have that issue is a thing called quote stuffing That is the ability to tie the machines up by adding a putting in a bunch of bids and ass that will never ever Get it get Exercised right and they do that especially when news is pending or it's coming out There is one company that is Trying When you say they are stuffing orders, who is they are they High frequency traders they put it they just they just shove in as many orders as they can and try to to Literally slow down the computers Right and slow down your order slow down all your brother orders All the retail traders and then that's it but that's been going on since now the law has really changed in 2007 and it just got worse There is a exchange called IEX Yeah, I heard about that. That's the guy in Canada the Asian guy that like figured out what was going on and he introduced extra fiber to So that all the orders coming in wouldn't have an advantage by being co-located like everybody's his timing delay Is a 30 mile long line of a fiber optic cable? There's no way to game game that but yeah, it is kind of interesting But there's one where you know, you whatever your order is But I think even him Even what they do is a quarter of a second, but you may try different things like that I don't worry about it that much because My trades if they're gonna be big, you know 10 cents or something isn't or 15 cents or even 50 cents may not be a big deal But generally I never I don't have a lot of problems with orders, but I don't trade news So if you're gonna trade news you're gonna have to you're swimming with the sharks and high frequency traders And they know when news is coming They know before you do and they'll do everything they can to make sure that you don't get an even break Stopping orders and their benefit them Because it stops people like you Right you put in an order So they already know what they can do with that order if you put it in a limit that's 50 cents higher They can jam it up 50 cents and then make sure and make an extra 50 cents Right the whole thing is once you put it in once you put it in order They already know what's it where the bodies are buried I was talking to a guy in a big database company about an hour ago that right now if you're a quantum physicist and you graduate with a PhD or even Half a PhD right now you can go to work for any of these high frequency trading firms for a half a million a year They're all about trying to figure out What the most likely thing is and how to jigger it around so they can make money There's a big business in all of that But uh, I don't try to get into that fight because I know I'll never win And I guess if they can put a huge Um percentage of the inbound orders are coming from them then statistically They'd have a better chance All they have to do have you ever slowed down a computer by running too many programs?  I want to thank you for the call We've got john on the line. Can you hang through through the break john? 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That's 727 329 83 22 call us today The technology around us is changing every day with so much happening. It can seem impossible to keep up with all the information David white's investment newsletter the technology insider is designed to give you all the information You need to understand the technology that shapes today's markets and tomorrow's future David white has made his living staying on the cutting edge of technology His weekly newsletter will give you specific recommendations for value tech stocks As well as entry prices target prices and stops to set for each trip Dave delivers his weekly newsletters every friday with updates throughout the week You can get the technology insider at tfnn.com for only 37 in 50 cents Sign up for david's newsletter the technology insider and get an inside look at everything the technology sector has to offer Try it risk-free today with our 30 day money back guarantee tfnn educating investors Are china ashare's hot or not if you trade china ashare's now may be time to take a closer look trade chau or chad Directions daily csi 300 china ashare bull and bear etf's china ashare's in either direction Visit direction investments.com today an investor should consider the investment objectives risks charges and expenses of the direction shares carefully before investing The prospectus and summary prospectus contain this and other information about direction shares to obtain a prospectus or summary prospectus Please contact direction shares at<PHONE_NUMBER> The prospectus or summary prospectus should be read carefully before investing an investment in the funds is subject to risk Including the possible loss of principal the funds are designed to be utilized only by sophisticated investors such as traders and active investors distributor four-side fund services llc This program is brought to you by vista gold traded on the nyse american and tsx under the symbol vgz And we're back and hopefully we've got john from philadelphia on the line Good more excuse me. Good afternoon david Good afternoon. Now, maybe you can remember the guy's name that we had on about quote stuffing from chicago He had this twitter feed. I'm just blanking on his name right now Um I know exactly to whom you refer Well, I had him on the yeah, I'm going a blank on the man's name And uh, I in fact can visualize his face at least as portrayed in some of his bios, but um Uh, sorry, I can't help you.  I uh, uh, one thing I find admirable about is You can just sit and wait and wait And then just act And when your losses are small, they're pretty damn small and your losses are good and sometimes very good. Uh, so I recommend uh, that's uh, your service to anybody who is a short term trader if they care um To that point that david yesterday you put on the trade A uh, s and p or a spy put option trade that was nice and successful Maybe it was an overnight trade. Maybe it was an interday trade But um, I wanted to ask you specifically Uh, and I don't ask you to divulge proprietary stuff that you care to uh, uh keep privates But yesterday It's either monday nights or tuesday very early. You saw the set of conditions In which the bounce over the past days Uh, could conceivably top out short term and pull back in, you know, a meaningful way at least on an interday basis So you saw that It in fact turned out just that way you profit thereby I'm calling to ask if you can share with us with me Conceptionally what the setup was That saw that that you saw that suggested. Hey, not only is this rally topping out very short term But we could have a a good meaningful interday pullback Um, well for me um There were a couple things but When I looked at the options and I actually had it in the newsletter before they opened yesterday Uh, that there was a Uh, I it it's kind of been wiped away a little bit But there were a couple of good hockey stick dog legs In the expiration smile from about 390 to 392 and they got it up to about 392 and a half And there just wasn't any volume at all. I started seeing Nike. Um, which really didn't have that great of earnings Um, they run all the shorts out and generally and it gave it up real quick And that's generally a good sign that you've got kind of a high going on I was looking for exactly what we had which is a pullback back Close to the low end of 3800 just thinking that a lot of people are going to ring the register on whatever The bounce was and go into what we have now, which I suspect is going to be a lot of sideways trading until next week when fund Buying comes back in but uh, probably fairly quiet But anyway, uh, the downside and the options was in in the low I don't know about 382 or so And so I my trade setup was just that that I was looking for a move I thought it'd take two days, maybe three days to get there, but we bought the I think it was I put the uh email out I don't you know, there's a little bit of delay from where people get it but I think I sent it out when it was, uh, 392 392 50 and the SPY 390 call uh puts for Friday we're trading about a buck 60 or 70 or something like that. Um, so that was the setup But I you know, I thought it would take maybe a couple of days It just all happened at once and I'm half thinking that all the guys were thinking about going to the Hamptons and just Didn't care We're getting out. We're going and that's it But that's that's it. I was looking at a couple of big dog legs They're not as brilliant as they were yesterday But there was one at 382 and the other one at 392 Um, but it was kind of a little mushy up on the top end Uh, but just looking at a couple of things going on knowing what was going on in here and thinking that They were going to ring the register, but you know, it was a fairly low uh risk trade I thought in that, uh That, you know that a buck and a half or buck 75 or maybe even two bucks uh to go to uh 380 or 382 ish Uh, we got a little bit farther than I even thought but uh, it was a great setup But I was just looking at the option volatility um uh What they call the smile Uh on both the money being won and lost and as you know, I'd look at these like a great deal But it was very plain yesterday. It wasn't as plain it or it's not as plain today But there is kind of a nice tick down there at 380 and that's why I went ahead and sold those um Puts yesterday, uh into the clothes So gotcha. Gotcha. I appreciate that. Yeah, I I can Uh, I can see clearly your explanation. Why wait? Uh till thursday to uh eat your cheeseburger on tuesday So, um Uh that explains the setup. I appreciate that We always keep looking for those sorts of things and i'm going to get better at doing Sort of things you do there, but In the meantime, we'll uh, we'll uh just suffice in being a customer of yours Well, thanks and uh, have a good day and i'm going to remember his name was make make something make make make Ah, it's got to drive me nuts Uh, but he's the guy, huh? Okay Yeah, I was gonna I was just trying to remember his name after the conversation in the previous segment just because I want to say McNally But it was it wasn't it's close to that But uh, he had a big company and he figured it all out and uh, literally embarrassed them Until he bought they bought him out and bought his company out But he used to be on twitter pointing out all the shenanigans they did They finally green mailed him out. Uh, but part of it was uh him not Uh making any more posts on twitter. So haven't heard of him in a long time Uh, anyway, uh, we're going to the break here. We'll see what's going on. I'm like I said, I think a lot of the Action is kind of over for this week and the thing to start doing now is start looking at How well these companies are holding up Into friday. I think we got a couple of days next week. Like I said, tuesday wednesday thursday for fun buying and then Maybe if you're a real bearish, maybe that's when uh the next down We'll be back in a Vista gold owns and operates the largest undeveloped gold project in australia the mount tod gold project Vista gold just completed their feasibility study Resulting in a 7 million ounce gold reserve. Vista gold has all major permits approved and has retained cibc Capital market assistance in evaluating alternatives and in completing an accreted transaction Vista gold trades on the nyse american and tsx under the ticker symbol v gz Vista gold executing a strategy to create shareholder value TFNN has just launched their july 4th tiger dollar sale for one week only We've doubled all the bonuses where you can now get up to 20 30 or even a 40 bonus on your tiger dollar purchase Tiger dollars are good on all TFNN newsletters webinars and trading services And they never expire for all the details and to get your tiger dollars before the sale ends tuesday july 5th Visit the front page of TFNN dot com today You might think that if you want to be successful at trading in the stock market You're going to need a crystal ball after all it's impossible to predict the future, right? Like any endeavor in life before you decide it's impossible get some advice from the experts You might find that it's not so impossible after all for daily market overviews that give you direction on the key indices Selective stocks and commodities Subscribe to the opening call newsletter at TFNN dot com The opening call newsletter is written by Basil Chapman Creator of the trading methodology known as the Chapman wave The Chapman wave up down sequence gives you an edge in identifying price turns finding the peaks and valleys in stock prices Get the opening call newsletter by Basil Chapman in your inbox every day First time subscribers also get a 30 day money back guarantee if you're not satisfied Let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up TFNN dot com educating investors Everything in the universe is governed by the Fibonacci sequence This mathematical principle is responsible for everything from the most aesthetically pleasing artwork to patterns in the stock market To stay on top of stock patterns You can take advantage of sign up for the Fibonacci 24 7 newsletter at TFNN dot com When you subscribe you'll get a weekly report from veteran day trader Larry Pezzavento on stocks You need to pay attention to and you can trust Larry's analysis After all he's got 45 years experience as a day trader Larry will also provide daily charts videos and data on the key markets that he's tracking Expect notifications from Larry on market movement. You need to act on at any time First time subscribers also get a 30 day money back guarantee If you're not satisfied, let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up Subscribe to the Fibonacci 24 7 newsletter today TFNN dot com educating investors Catch Tom O'Brien professional trader and educator founder of TFNN Also a special guest on CNBC Tom will bisect and dissect the markets the Tom O'Brien show next on TFNN And Jimmy in the den says the smh has fallen And it can't get up Is well, I don't know about that you do actually Looking fairly good here on volume at least today. And that is uh, the june 17th 2022 Uh eight and a half million shares at 201 Yeah, so Three million shares now you might get a lot of volume tests Maybe next week. I think uh Some of this is overblown But a couple of nice days maybe next week Uh, especially since I've seen so many people Throwing spitballs at the smh's from the cheap seats on CNBC Make me think that they're thinking about buying it and just driving it down to get a better price Maybe run some folks out But that's interesting uh question on tesla again that I didn't quite get to They can't a bunch of folks when you're trading or trading when you're training uh Machine learning or artificial intelligence systems. There's a lot of work to be done when you get started But eventually you get a pretty good data set of all the stuff that you need to know And the people that tesla's canning here are all those people that drove the cars around and gained data But at some point you're just throwing more um Hey on top of a haystack and you're not putting more needles in it and Uh, it doesn't do you any more good. So I don't think it's a big deal And probably a good thing as they start to cut down on expenses, but uh, not unforeseen Um getting a lot of test data and we'll talk tomorrow about how google did it But uh, nothing new out there Um a little lighter volume than the gap up, but again, I don't think we're gonna get a big bounce uh for friday It may just be a slow plea So when you can not when you have to we'll see you tomorrow same bat channel same bat time Building wealth trading in the stock market seems impossible


Since I've had four young boys at home, my memory hasn't been very reliable. It's not unusual that I forget to pick up my kids at school. So I'd like to ask...  So I have a design studio in Shanghai. We have four stores and we design women's and children's clothing made by underprivileged women and children. They come to us illiterate, mostly illiterate, very little skills, some homeless, some special needs and we devote our time and patience to train them, teach them how to sew, teach them how to cut and to make beautiful products that the market will buy. Give them a steady income so that hopefully they can have a better future. They're not so different from the people that my grandfather used to help decades ago. They're also not too different from my grandfather himself. My grandfather's family came from China. They left Fujian province during the Qing dynasty to travel to the Philippines. They were very poor. So my grandfather didn't have much schooling. He had to work at the age of nine and through perseverance and hard work, he rose to become the corn king of the country. He was very wealthy and he died a very well-respected man. So being the third generation of our family business, my cousins and I were prepared and trained very hard to not squander the family fortune and not to lose it during our lifetime. So we had a strict regimen of obedience classes. We had to be very well educated. We had to be loyal. We had to live simply and we had to have moderate lifestyle. These were the values that were instilled with me as a little girl. But over time there was the unspoken values that I observed through my grandparents' lives. I witnessed my grandfather and grandmother treating their employees extremely well. They housed them, they cooked food for them, they took care of them when they were sick. My grandfather was known to have sacrificed or actually risked his life for his neighbors to lead the guerrilla war against the Japanese. He also volunteered and sponsored hundreds of school houses all over the country through his business. So when both of them passed, there were weeks of people lining up to say goodbye to my grandparents. We didn't know them. There were strangers, strangers who benefited from their charity and kindness. And I vividly remember my grandmother's words over cracking watermelon seeds. She said that we came here with nothing and we now have everything, most of what we need and we need to remember to be grateful always and to give back always. So my grandfather made his family promise that when China opened its doors that the family business will come and invest to serve China. My father stayed passionate and committed to that promise. I once visited the offices of one of the largest supermarkets in town and I saw on a large wall photos of all the petty thieves that stole from the supermarket and there were photos of them with their products that they stole. I was 13 and I was shocked at one specific picture. It was a tiny woman or girl. She looked like a living skeleton. She had long dark hair. She looked barely alive and in front of her was a really tiny can of infant powdered milk and I was confused. I didn't understand why such a wealthy business could not afford to spare a can of milk for a child. I pondered about this inequality growing up as an overseas-born Chinese. I'm part of a privileged class that vacationed overseas, have a few passports, went to private school all over the country or all over the world. And we were driven, we're all driven to excel, to achieve and to exceed our elders achievements. Our ancestors traveled far from China for greener pastures. Our stories are about perseverance, hard work and success despite dire circumstances that we have to go through. It's about overcoming challenges. However, part of that heritage are stories about survival, poverty and self-sacrifice. So for my generation poverty has become but a distant inconvenient reality. We don't need to overcome it. We can't change it because changing it means giving up something of hours for others. Since coming back to China, I've met orphans, homeless, special needs and families who can barely feed their children. And I've learned to admire them because they've sold everything they have so that they could take care of their children who are suffering from brain infection, cerebral palsy and other severe disabilities. All they need is a job that they can do from home so they can care for their child, so they can bring food to the table, buy some medicine, save a little bit of income so they can start a little store for extra income and savings. So gradually over time, I realized that though my grandfather made a commitment to invest in China, come back and serve the country to help it grow strong, that the real job, the real work is with the marginalized individuals that are pushed aside for others to prosper.  It's to serve its people in every action, every word, every deed. What's the future generation going to look back to and judge us on? Did we feed the homeless? Did we care for the sick? Are orphans abandoned? Are the women abused? There's a need to connect the lives of the weak and the poor to the wealthy and the strong. A need for businesses that can make the commitment to hire and invest in the special needs, set up shop in poor cities, buy supplies from a small family, partner with a social enterprise, sell at lesser margins so the employees can get better wages. Why is there so much emphasis on growth? Progress and so little on social impact. How are we affecting the poor with our lifestyle, our decisions, our expenditures? Every day, we impact them. They live among us. They're lonely, they're helpless, and they're poor while we drive by in our fancy cars wearing our shoes that can feed them for months. So just as I learned, the value of charity by watching how my grandparents lived, I hope that my children will lead lives that have social impact beyond economic gains. That they will strive to achieve social goals for the common good instead of the relentless pursuit of material possessions and wealth accumulation that preoccupies our generation. After all, a country's greatness lies not in its gold, brick, and mortar, but it's in the hearts of its people. Thank you.


Hello, welcome. I guess that means we're rolling. So this presentation is titled DEF CON 3. OpenStack meets the Information Security Department. How's that mic working? You don't hear me? Great. What I'm going to talk about today is basically recurring themes or problems that we have encountered when deploying OpenStack into enterprises. And these are issues that they may be familiar to you. They may be new, but they're not necessarily going to be issues that arise in a model greenfield implementation. So these are issues that arise in real OpenStack deployments where you have a legacy information security department. OK, so before I go on, I'll just give a little bit of context so you know where I'm coming from. I work for Solinia. Solinia is a company. We have three areas of business. We have, firstly, consulting services. And consulting, we try to help customers accelerate their adoption of open infrastructure and primarily OpenStack. So within consulting, we have four main phases that we work through. They are conceive, architect, integrate, and adopt. So the issues that I'm going to talk about come mostly from the architecture and integration sides, but those steps conceiving is basically building a cloud strategy, working out a roadmap for implementation, understanding the use cases that the customer has. Architecting is then taking that information and building an architecture for the client. Integration is actually building it, deploying, integrating with any external systems that they have, and then adoption is helping that customer use the cloud, which moves into the next area, which is training. So we offer training services to our customers. And in that area, we train on OpenStack operations, architecture, also open source software, such as Docker and other components essential to the cloud ecosystem. And then lastly, but not least, we have Goldstone, which is a product that has come from our experiences in actually deploying OpenStack for customers. And this product is basically, it's a platform to help customers operate OpenStack. It's metrics, compliance, et cetera. And I'll introduce myself. I'm my name's James Clark, and I work in the Seoul office. So Selenia has headquartered in San Francisco. And we have two Asia-Pacific offices in Tokyo and Seoul. My customer area mainly is Asia and Europe. So if any of the things that I talk about here seem a little far, and that may be the reason why. Just before I move on, I see there's quite a few people here. Can I get some idea of what you're involved in? So how many people here are actually involved in delivering or deploying OpenStack to outside clients? And how many are involved in deploying within your own organization? Excellent. Great. OK, so the topics I'm going to work through today. First of all, I'm going to talk about network security. The reason I tackle that first is network security is one of the things that really shapes the architecture of the cloud. So if that is actually not handled well, the cloud is never going to be able to be deployed properly. Then I'm going to move on to talk about the control plane. And by that, I mean the OpenStack controllers themselves. So your three-node HA controller cluster, typically, or however the vendor deployment of OpenStack is structured. Then I'll talk a little bit about identity. So that is the keystone side of things, how that integrates in with the organization. Next, I'll talk about IPAM. Then as a special exception, I'm going to talk about CI-CD. It's CI-CD because the way you architect the cloud and CI-CD needs to be tightly integrated. If that's not done well, they'll never work together properly after they're deployed. And then lastly, I'm going to talk a little bit about compliance, so some of the issues that we find with maintaining the customer's legacy compliance requirements. So we're a little short of time, so I'm going to try and work through this quickly. The things I'm going to focus on are based on the OpenStack reference implementation. And by that, I mean not with any additional special source or vendor products. And the reason I'm going to focus on that is so that to keep the maximum relevance. So some of the things there may be other solutions for, but I'm going to stick on the reference implementation so you can then make your own judgment whether or not you can fix it yourself or obtain an external product to do that. I'm going to be talking about implementation issues for the OpenStack itself. So not so much about migration of apps onto OpenStack, but actually deploying OpenStack. As I mentioned before, there'll be a little bit of CI-CD talk in there just because it's very critical to the architecture. And these are, again, actual implementations. So they're not like reference model implementations where we get to do everything exactly the way we want. These are implementations where things are imperfect and we have to sort of bend things to make them fit. I'm not going to talk about the actual platform security itself. There's some really good content on the OpenStack website for things like how to secure the controllers themselves and best practices for all those things. I'm also not going to talk about formal compliance, so PCI or other particular targets. Again, there's plenty of resource material on that that has been around for some time. And as I mentioned, no application security design talk. So I'd just like to introduce the information security team here. When we start out deploying, we need to look at how the high level shape of the cloud is going to look. And the two key people that we need to talk to, or when I say people, that could be a department, are the CSO themselves and also the risk assessment team. And risk assessment is also sometimes known as information security. And what they do is they look at threats, the value of the information that's going into the system, what the possible attack vectors are, and what the mitigations that you have in there. And then they work out whether or not that actually meets their policy guidelines for implementation. Later on, when we come to implementation, we need to talk to security engineering, access management, security operations, and the cert team. And I'll just briefly mention here why I titled this DEF CON 3 is oftentimes when you're dealing with the information security department and you're trying to roll out a cloud, they view that as they should as a threat. It's a potential threat to the information security. So the atmosphere can be a little defensive. So there'll be a lot of justification of why things are the way they are. And that's where that title comes from. It's not entirely always the case, but it often can be, excuse me, OK, network security. So one of the first things that you will often encounter when you walk into a large organization is that their security model is largely based on the concept of perimeters. So you'll be familiar with this. This is the firewall model. It's a very blunt instrument for enforcing security. There will be a lot of manual controls there. So to get firewall rules opened, you need to actually go through a policy check and someone will actually evaluate that and determine if it's sufficient for the risk or the information involved and then implement those rules. These things have usually been in place for a long time, maybe even a decade. And what you'll find is that a lot of the internal people have developed their own workarounds for this security model. So they may have things like SSH tunnels or VPNs, punch through holes in the firewall that they're using to get their job done. But as an outside consultant, you can't actually use those. You have to build a clean architecture that the information security team will sign off on. So often our task is a little more difficult than it is for the teams that you're actually working with inside the company, the company's infrastructure team, for example. One of the other complicating aspects you might run into is that the information security department may actually recognize that there are all of these tunnels, their firewalls are quite holy, and they want to actually raise the bar. So they're going to try and actually use the cloud to tighten up the security, which makes our job a whole lot harder. When we look inside the firewall, though, we find something completely different. Often times the subnets are completely open, so where applications are deployed, there's no host-based firewalls, for example. The company may run network intrusion detection systems. They may also use vulnerability scanners to actually prove that the software or the applications they're deploying are secure. And that you can see then is an obvious conflict with the concept of security groups. Security groups are a much finer-grained, more targeted security model, and they're actually much better. So you will end up having a discussion about whether or not you can do security groups and they will have to forego the use of their vulnerability scanners or you disable security groups so that they can actually try and make things more secure, which sometimes seems counter-intuitive. And then to ratchet the complexity up another notch, this is quite often what we find inside of customers. So just to take a step back, the customers that I'm talking about here range from telecommunications, so telco service providers, but not their service provider business, which is facing the internet, but internal use for, say, migrating their legacy data centers onto cloud. They could be in manufacturing or another example is financial services where a lot of these problems come up. So what they've done is they often will take the concept of the perimeters and then shrink them down into smaller units when inside the organization and this helps them simplify firewall rules. But the problem that we have is where are we gonna put OpenStack? Where are the controllers gonna sit? Where are the hypervisors gonna sit? And how can this actually be used? Now if you have, this depends a lot on the scope of the OpenStack project that you're involved in. If you're just using OpenStack to handle a single application or a very single specific use case, or if all of the applications you're concerned about are related and can be lumped together, you may not have a problem. But on the other hand, if you need to have developer access and developers are not really part of, they don't have access to the production zone, you can have a lot of problems. You may think that developers having access to production is not a good thing. That may well be the case, but if you look at the converse, if we put the cloud into the development zone and another one in production, we may not gain the benefits of being able to run a CI CD tool chain to actually do deployment. We may find that the developer tools, what comes out of the developer zone because it's untrusted, still needs to go through a whole lot of legacy testing before it can go into production. So if the customer is looking for agility, they may not get it.  And oftentimes customers will, to simplify things, choose a provider VLAN type deployment. If they're very conservative, they won't want to go for SDN. So provider VLANs using their existing firewall and router infrastructure is quite common. And when you do that, one of the things they will notice is, why do we have to have this trunk from all of our hypervisors flowing back into the controllers? That's a problem because we have rules which say you cannot mix security zones or you cannot, if your controller is in a particular zone, you cannot actually have all these network trunks flowing back to it. And you may be familiar with this. This is to provide things like DHCP and metadata services to virtual machines. So one solution is obviously to disable those, but then that breaks all of your orchestration functionality. So another big problem. Okay, so moving on to some of the solutions that we have actually run to in this side of things. For the control plane isolation, particularly where the customer requires physical separation, say they may have a trading platform that its networks cannot exist on the same hardware even or switches even as other software, we actually have to have separate installations of the cloud software. And one particular customer that comes to mind when we were designing this, we got to about 11 and then thought, well, hang on, this is not really gonna work because we can't have the solution to every problem being just add another cloud that's not actually gonna scale and operationally it's gonna be worse often than when we started. But to some degree, multiple clouds may be required. Another problem that we often run into is the firewall automation. So customers will often have the very large firewalls that they use to divide everything up into their security zones. And they don't wanna let go of their procedure for implementing changes to their firewalls. That may be due to regulatory requirements. They may need to have a paper trail of all of the changes and justifications. So having OpenStack reach out and modify those firewalls is also not an option. This is very difficult to change. So typically the solution we go for here is that we would negotiate with the security team to agree on a set of application classifications. So we would survey the organization's application catalog, divide them up into ones which have very similar architectures and have very similar connectivity requirements and then agree on a set of firewall rules which can be used for each application classification. And then we can preload certain subnets with those rules before deployment. And then when end users come along and they want to deploy a new application, the orchestration system will know where that needs to go and will deploy the application. That VLAN access will be on a subnet wildcard. So as soon as the VMs deployed, it's up and working. So instead of a 30 or 60 day wait, they can have a VM in a few minutes. So to wrap up on perimeters, the basic lessons here is that the perimeters have a very strong influence on the overall shape of your cloud. It's very important to engage extremely early to work out what these obstacles may be before you start on your architecture. Also, a lot of questions will be raised about governance. The reason for that is when the risk assessment team is looking at your cloud, they're going to want to know that necessary controls, the necessary operational controls are in place to make sure that everything that happens in the cloud is done according to a set of agreed governing principles. Also be aware that the perimeter security model is going to have a lot of influences on the way you design that cannot be solved with the OpenStack role-based access control entirely. So you're going to have to do some engineering outside of that to handle the organization's security requirements. And also finally, changing the security policy is almost always impossible in my experience anyway. A lot of these things are based on some regulatory requirements. So to get a security policy change is something that could take a year or two. Okay, moving to control plane. Just to briefly explain this. So one of the things I mentioned before is this needing to have 10, 11 clouds to satisfy the network separation requirements. So you can often reach a trade-off there by implementing very tight controls on the control plane. So some of the measures here, I've illustrated our two factor so that every user who actually needs to access the control plane needs to go through a two factor identification service. That actually gives the level of audit logging that is needed for their regulatory requirement. Also API access for things like your CI CD tool chain will need to run through a WAF which is going to restrict access or restrict the policy beyond what the OpenStack RBAC can do. Also, you're gonna wanna have some privileged access management there. So for the system operators who are actually gonna be managing the cloud, so if they ever need to, for example, SSH into the platform, they're gonna need often for regulatory requirements again, video screen recording basically of all the actions that they're doing. This is so that this can be used later if there is an event that needs an investigation. So the lesson here is basically that also you need to incorporate this in your design very early. You also need to consider the entire tool chain. Things like Jenkins or Packer that are gonna be building VMs on the cloud and they need API access. They're gonna need very special handling because that's not gonna work through any kind of two factor system so that you'll need an alternative solution for managing the, or for mitigating that security risk. Okay, and, excuse me. Okay, identity. This one is not too, usually too much of a problem area. One of the things that you will always notice is that enterprises will never use the Keystone internal SQL database that will always want to have their identity team look after the access and the identity team will want to use their existing either LDAP or Active Directory system. A problem though arises in that security recognize that this is actually a legacy configuration and they do not like the fact that you have plain text passwords exposed outside of the control of their AD environment. So for example, if you bind OpenStack to an AD server or LDAP server, people still send their plain text password, or it'll be an SSL, but when it gets to Keystone, it gets unwrapped. So if anyone has actually compromised the OpenStack box, they can potentially sniff all of these passwords which security people don't like at all. Another thing is, at least with Keystone v2, when you integrate with LDAP, you have to have all of your service users, so your Nova, Cinder, Glance, et cetera. They all need to be stored in plain text in the file system and that's another no-no from a security perspective. An additional thing that I mentioned earlier that they want is two factor. That is, in my experience, is often implemented through a VDI solution. So there'll be something like a Citrix or VMware view environment that users have to jump through a hoop with an authenticator and a pin to access, and then from that environment, they can then access the cloud. Now you can see there's a problem there if you wanna run an API through that because that's not gonna survive all of those hops. So moving on to the solutions here, with the plain text passwords, what we can do now with Keystone v3 is we can use the domain configuration so we can separate the service users into their own local domain so they can reside in the Keystone database and then we can have all of the user domains using the AD system and that makes security much, much happier. For two factor though, it gets a little more complicated if we don't wanna use the VDI solution, but what we can do is we can use federation and single sign-on. So many of these enterprises are now also recognizing that this LDAP model is not as secure as they would like, so they are starting to run their own identity providers. The cases that we've encountered have been OpenAM. SAML, I should say, SAML with a LDAP backend so they can retain their existing directory store and front-end it with OpenAM. In these particular instances, the credentials never pass through OpenStack, so the users are redirected to the some single sign-on portal and then back to the dashboard or other tools that you might have in the cloud environment. It's a little more complicated for API operations, but they can also be made to work in this manner. So IPAM, IPAM is often an issue because with OpenStack we like to have the ability to just deploy a VM. Neutron can grab an IP address from its pool, assign it, and then DHCP it, and everything works okay. But from the enterprise perspective, particularly for regulatory requirements, they may have a CMDB or IPAM system that needs to be capturing particular details for every IP address that's on the network. And when you think about the perimeter security model with the open subnets, this makes a lot of sense because when things are open like that, you've got to have the controls on both sides to make sure that everything plays well together. So for example, they may need to have some security classification for the data that's behind that IP address, the application, the owner, who's going to operate that, et cetera. So when you're setting up OpenStack, this is not an issue, but obviously for the operation of the stack, for the deployment of VMs, this needs to be resolved. So I mentioned earlier, we're talking about Juno and prior deployments. So the only solution there is to actually have an external orchestration platform update your IPAM database out of band. So you can negotiate to have a pre-allocated subnet done manually and added into the Neutron IP pools ahead of time. That would be done by an operator.  In, I think it was Liberty or maybe Mitaka and beyond, there is a pluggable IPAM API. This is very new, and I'm not aware of any implementations which integrate with external products, but with this model, this would be the way to go moving forward. So you can have OpenStack request IP addresses through a driver to your existing IPAM platform. So moving on to CINCD. Now, this is another real problem area. This is very much the same problem that you have with the security zones at the start. You have all of these different components which needs to talk to the cloud. You may have, you know, your CI orchestration, image build, you may be packer building images for glance. These all need API access, but where are you gonna put them such that they can talk to the cloud with all the controls that you've actually put in there? So what we have found as a workable solution is to actually build an API proxy. Now that could be implemented with a commercial WAF product, web application firewall, or with something like Apache and Mod Security, and then you can construct a JSON filtering approach to restricting the operations that can be done from your lower level of authentication environment. So here in this diagram, for example, we have some two-factor users which are potentially coming from a VDI environment, so they're all safe. And on the top there, the top right, we have simple authenticated clients. Now this could be your tool chain components. They need to run through a separate access point to reach the API endpoints. And that access point is gonna use a Mod Security rule which is gonna verify that against some integration point with their IAM platform. So we'll look at what groups or what operations that they're allowed to do and then either reject things that they shouldn't be doing and let the good operations through. So it's a little complicated, but it does actually work running at a time. I'll quickly talk compliance. So one of the other big issues that we have with Cloud is that these companies which previously had like a 30 or 40 day process for starting up a VM, which you can see there on the left, part of the output of that is a paper trail of all of the compliance checks and authorizations that were needed to get that VM deployed. So when you wanna just make it so that someone can, through an API request a VM or even just through the web interface, have that in a few minutes, there's a problem. So what we need to do is we need to build the equivalent audit controls into the environment so that the security team have all of the logging and approval records that they need to actually prove that things were done well. So we changed the model when we're doing CICD such that we codify the process. So we need to work through refactoring the business operations across all of their different teams, turning that into automation code and then changing their approvals instead into reviews of the operations for the CI platform and then having the output of that be virtual machine images or packages, which can then go into a secure repository. On the OpenStack side, we need to integrate with usually with the SEM platform. So we get all of the audit events from each of the OpenStack services. The way we do that is we need to enable the whiskey audit middleware that will ensure that all of the operations are output in CADF format. So they have who was doing the operation, where they were coming from, what the object is that they're operating on in quite a detailed format that you will not get in the normal OpenStack logs. You then need to aggregate that together and store it in a secure data store. You can build that itself. There are products around which, to some degree, help you do that. One of them that we've actually been working on is Goldstone and we have a feature in that which is OpenTrail Auditor. If you're familiar with EC2's cloud trails, this is a very similar thing. It enables you to capture all of that, log in information and then push it to a protected read-only system which is outside the domain of control of the cloud. We're almost out of time. So, quickly recapping lessons learned. Firstly, it's very difficult. It's hard to deploy into these organizations that have very old and very rigid security environment and it's also very difficult to retrospectively fix your design. So, it's very important then to engage extremely early in the process of architecting your cloud with the CISO team, particularly with the risk analysis team to actually make sure that you fully understand their environment before you actually start doing the first architecture diagrams and circulating them and then continuously review that as you go forward. It's sometimes very difficult to understand what all of these problems are until after you try to implement because things don't surface until some guy that you never met before realizes that what you're asking for hasn't gone through the right checks. So, you need to be very vigilant in that upfront engagement with the CISO team and of course, include all of those requirements in your architecture. Okay, and that's all. I think we're just have about two minutes for questions. Anyone? No questions? Tough crowd. The compliance stage you said about getting sign-offs for each part. Yes. Did you say there was a product that can do that? It won't actually get the sign-offs but what I'm mentioning there is you need to capture all of the actions and some of those, you may have some external approval process but you need to electronically capture all of that into a trail, basically an electronic paper trail that can later be used to verify that everything was done according to process. And the CAD-IF stuff you had, did you say that that was, is that in-house special source or is that something else? No, the CAD-IF, the ordered middleware is part of OpenStack. So that is a module that you can activate and it needs a little bit of manual configuration OpenStack, but. That's what I was talking about, do you have that? Yeah, it's actually in OpenStack. So, it's always there. It just needs enabling. No more? Okay, thank you very much.


When English speakers ask questions that start with WH or H, their voice goes down at the end. These are called WH questions. Listen to these questions. Why not? What is wrong? What do you mean? Why can't you come to work today? When did you start feeling sick? Now you try it. Why are you learning English? When English speakers ask a question that begins with DO, IS, and CAN, their voice goes up at the end of the question. These are called yes-no questions, because you can answer them with one word. Listen to the doctor's question. Do you have a sore throat? Yes, I have a sore throat. Now you try it. Do you like Voice of America?


OK, let's start that again. So this time, we're going to talk about one of these odd-filling diatomic, polyatomic ions. So here, we're going to use molecular orbital theory to figure out, well, what's the bond order of this N2 plus? Does it exist? All of that stuff. So the one thing, again, you want to remember about the atoms boron, carbon, and nitrogen is that in their two P's, they make their pi bonds first, OK? So N2 plus, you're going to have N combining with what? N plus, right? Is everybody OK with that? So down here, and you'll see why I don't like to do these, because I'm too tall, I think. So 2S down there. 2S down there. Remember, we're only using the valence electrons. So this is the sigma 2S orbital. This is the sigma star 2S orbital. So just like how we did lithium and beryllium and all of those things. Up here is where we have the weird stuff, OK? So now we're doing the two P's. One, two, three, like that. One, two, three, two P's. OK, so what did we say? It makes the pi bonds first, these weird ones. So one, two, and the sigma bond next, like that, OK? This should actually work. These aren't the easiest thing to draw on the board. OK, but now, up here, it does pi and then sigma, like you would expect, OK? So we call these ones pi 2P, pi 2P, sigma 2P, like that. This one's called, what do you think? Very good, pi star 2P, pi star 2P, and this one? Sigma star 2P. 2P, OK? Very good. Is everybody OK with that? OK, so now let's fill in what we got here. So how many valence electrons does nitrogen have? Just n. 5. 5, right? So one, two, so again, off-boub, Hund's rule, polyexclusion, right? So one, two, three, four. What about n plus? How many electrons does it have? Four. Four, right? So one, two, five. So one, what did we say we expected the bond order to be? Well, 1 half less than 3, right? Which would be 2 and 1 half, right? If you look at this, already you should be able to tell that it's going to be 3. And how do we know 3 to start off with 3? Because from Vesper theory, right? We said when we build nitrogen and Vesper. So anyways, let's draw the, well, let's do the bond order first, OK? So what's the bond order? electrons minus the anti-bonding electrons. So 1 half. How many bonding electrons do we have? One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, OK? And you could have just done these ones, but make sure you just do all of them in the valence, OK? So seven minus anti-bonding. Well, how many do we have? Seven minus two. And that would give you the same as five. Bond order of 2.5, like we were expecting, OK? Would you expect this molecule to exist? Yeah, definitely. Would this be a relatively strong bond or a weak bond, do you think? Pretty strong, right? Pretty strong, 2.5. Is it attracted or not attracted? It is attracted, so it's diamagnetic, right? So it's got the one unpaired electron there, OK? A lot.  And what you'll find again is that this is one of those reasons that you need to kind of compare molecular orbital theory with Vesper theory, because Vesper theory doesn't tell you anything about that, OK? It just tells you structural information. Last thing I'd like to do is do the entire electron configuration, OK? Or, yeah, let's do the entire electron configuration. So, OK, so remember stars on the bottom, sigma 1s2, sigma star 1s2, sigma 2s2, sigma star 2, 2e1. Is that all the questions that we had asked before, I think? OK, so any questions on this one?


The NBC University of the Air, a public service of the National Broadcasting Company, and its affiliated independent stations, presents another chapter in the historical series, We Came This Way. Tonight's story, John Bright. John Bright, for the most part, has been forgotten. It seems to be one of our human failings to bury the names of men who have done our race the most good in a deep and dark well. John Bright, dead less than 50 years, is betwixt in between the depths and top of that well, and yet what he did in his lifetime affects the lives of practically everyone in the English-speaking world. He was an Englishman who loved England, but who loved his fellow man even more. What he will tell you tonight is the story of one man's fight against the rulers of a nation but for that nation's people. Remember, it's the story of a man. A man called John Bright, who as we open the chapter, is sitting before an open fireplace with his friend Richard Cobbden. The year is 1839. Richard, good to have you back from America. Tell me, what's it like, this America? They're no longer Englishmen, they're Americans, for even their language is different. I'd say that in a hundred years it would be hard put to understand them. Did you see any Indians? Few, none of the warring tribes. John, those Americans are hewing a new land out of a wilderness, a new empire. They're fighters and they're free men and they'll progress beyond our wildest dreams. It'll take them a million years to get where we are. I'd say less than a hundred. Cobbden, if I didn't know you better, I'd say you were well on your way to an asylum. But they're progressive and we're studgy. They've got vision and we've got the corn laws. Oh, I knew there was something behind your speechmaking, Richard. You weren't going to drag me into politics. My father and I have got the mill running smoothly. I'm marrying Helen in two weeks. I'm a thoroughly happy and contented man. While all England is on the verge of disaster, there's a press of corn laws, John. They're making beggars and slaves of free Englishmen. To hear you talk, we'd better call out the Grenadiers immediately. Richard, why don't you forget about politics? I want to hear about America. How are the girls? They really are. But what do you care? You're going to be married. I know, but not for two weeks. Two weeks later, he was married. He had everything the man could ask for. One year fathered another. He had a good home, a pretty wife, a young daughter, a good friend in Richard Cobden and a fairly nice income. John Bright was content to stay in the sleepy town of Leamington and lead the quiet and simple life. He meddled a bit in the local affairs and lived quietly according to his Quaker background. Serenity was the word for his existence until... Typical English weather. Dank, gloomy, befitting my mood. I find it difficult to remember things. I have lost part of myself. My wife, Helen, died this morning. Well, John? Well, what, Richard? Did it work? No. It's been over six months since Helen died. I took the doctor's advice and traveled, but she was with me all the time. It didn't work, Richard. It didn't work. I didn't think it would. And what am I to do? Where am I to turn? You rarely want to know? I can't go on like this. I just can't find my old life. Then, John, start a new one. As simple as that. You accept it like tea at four. I do. John, what I'm going to say to you may sound cruel, but it's true. You aren't the only one in England that's suffering. I don't say that you're pampering yourself. But if you want to see what real suffering is, get out of Levington. Get out into England and find out for yourself what I've been talking about. See with your own eyes the slow death by starvation that's in store for our countrymen. More speechmaking, Richard? Not this time, John. I want you to find out for yourself. Sitting around an empty country house full of nothing but memories was more than John Bright could take. And so, as a last resort, he acted on Richard Cobden's suggestion and traveled, not to foreign countries in search of something new, but in his own country, to meet his own people. Warm out, isn't it? You know me not, I'd say. Catch any fish yet? Not a word. My name's Bright. John Bright. My name's Hutchinson. My friends call me Hutch. The worker around here? Work right over there in there, there aren't many. Been working there often on all my life. I work in a mill. I used to fish on Saturday, too. I like fishing. Shouldn't have to do it. Let me know when this has got to eat. I thought you men got good wages. Oh, I don't mean nothing. Sure, I'm making good wages. But the doctor says there's stuff in fishes what's almost as good as what you can get from corn. Only you can't get corn. So, I fish it. No corn at all. Only for the rich, mister. Only for the rich.  You do? Why? Because I yikes fishing. From Bristol to Plymouth to Dover to Southampton, John Bright traveled from town to town listening and talking to anyone who would strike up a conversation. Liverpool to Leeds to Hull to Norwich, Gloucester, Bedford, Colchester, and London. The things he saw seemed unbelievable. Famine in the times of planting. And everyone's eyes had a haunted look of hunger. They're hungry, Richard. They're starving. There simply isn't any bread. I know. It was like that all over England. Richard, those corn laws are iniquitous. A blasphemy against the well-being of free men. They've got to go. I've been waiting a long time to hear that. This time we'll travel together. You have a gift of oratory, John, that moves men's hearts. Once you get them to a boiling point, I'll throw facts at them that they can't deny. I can't understand the blind stupidity of Parliament. At least we'll make a good try at having the corn laws repealed. We will try, Richard. We'll do it. A team of Bright and Cobblin traveled throughout England to convince people the corn laws should be abolished. The corn laws, high duties on food, were vicious because in a country like England which never grew enough food for all its factory working people, high food tariffs meant high food prices. Benefits and special privilege for the rich landowners, hunger for the poor. The most vicious sort of rationing, for those who needed most, got least. Hungry men said Bright are not free men. That, in a nutshell, was the essence of their fight. A fight for freedom in the free England that could come only when corn laws and hunger went. And yet, they had to convince even the poor whom the corn laws injured most that the laws were vicious. For corn laws there have been in one form or another for centuries. They were the habit. And few things are harder to drop than old habits even when they hurt. So the famous team of Bright and Cobblin talked and debated, debated and talked. Do you expect sympathy? You don't deserve it until you vote in the men who will repeal the corn laws. There's plenty to eat in the world. Just walk over to the docks and watch it being turned away from England because of the high duty. Yes, and take your children too. The least you can do is to let them see what food looks like. Gentlemen, you have heard the opposition and you have heard my colleague, Mr. Don Bright. If what he said wasn't enough to convince you that the corn laws must go, I have a few facts that I dare anyone to deny. Together, Cobblin and Bright debated wherever they could find an audience and a speaker to oppose them. Cobblin was already a member of the House of Commons. And that, together with his travel, was costing him the fortune that he had accumulated from the business he now chose to neglect. Bright, too, was rapidly going through his money. But since his father was still active in the mill, he had no worries on that account. Bright's activities were causing worry in other quarters, however. In fact, as they went agitating the lengths and breadth of England, their reputation became such that finally they could no longer get anyone to oppose them in debate. They had every manufacturing town southerly behind them. It was then that John Bright decided upon the advice of his friend Richard Cobblin to stand for the House of Commons, to join Cobblin in the battle against the corn laws on the floor of Parliament itself. So he stood for a seat, and at last, the votes were counted. I don't know what to think, Richard. I can't believe it. We haven't decided to quit, have you? No.  But of this election, Richard, when I chose this district, I was sure of winning. I counted on the people. I thought they believed in us. Come in. Well, gentlemen, good evening. I've never seen two longer faces, nor my days. This isn't exactly a moment of celebration, Rogers, and stop looking so cheerful. Can't understand you two. Indeed I can't. Richard, shall I throw him out, or shall we share the pleasure? Throw me out, indeed. Make it a point to come to congratulate a fellow. Look at the treatment I get. You're slightly behind the times, Rogers. I lost the election. Lost, you say? Lost the election? Seems to me you're the one that's behind the times. What do you mean?  Oh, my word, this is splendid. What an opportunity. What do you know? Yes, let's have it, men, before we do throw you out. It seems it was a little matter of a mistake. Mistake? What kind of a mistake? Well, they gave him your votes, vice versa. Oh, was it the other way around? Uh, anyway, whatever it was, he's disqualified. Disqualified, you sure? Official, old boy. Just posted on the board at the flying hair. John, do you hear that? I've won. Precisely, you've won. That's wonderful. Congratulations, John. Can't understand you two. First, you want to throw me out? Now, you'll just ignore me. Richard, they didn't let us down. Find us after all. I guess I'll just go down and get a drink and charge it to you. Yes, do, Rogers, do. How'd you like it? I don't know yet. After all, this is my first day. There's no better place to meet your colleagues than in the vestibules. I'll introduce you around. I feel as though it were my first day in school. Mr. Pearson. Oh, Captain, good day, good day. I want you to meet a new member, Pearson, Mr. Bright. How do you do, Mr. Pearson? Bright, oh, you're the fellow that's making all that bother about the car laws, aren't you? Don't like it. Don't like it one bit. Good day, sir. I gather he didn't like it. Oh, don't mind him. Here's Old Dixon. He's been here a long time. Oh, I see you, Captain. Did you see what happened to my umbrella? You can't seem to find it anywhere. Oh, sorry, I didn't see you. I'm busy. Oh, I'm not busy. I'd like you to meet Mr. Bright, a new member. Thank you. I knew you by reputation, sir. I don't think you're going to enjoy your brief stay in Parliament. Oh, forgive me. I've got to find that umbrella. Richard, I've got a fight on my hands and they've got a surprise on theirs. Because I'm not here for a brief stay, I'm here until those corn laws go. People in Parliament began. John Bright entered the House of Commons to face suspicion and hostility. Among his few friends, Cobden was the staunchest, but Bright had the eloquence, the voice. And it was a lone voice crying out against the lawmakers of an empire, the voice and the wilderness that demanded to be heard. Yes, the fight was on, the fight that would persist for five long years. Gentlemen, gentlemen, I would like to speak to you about the repeal of the nefarious corn laws. Walk again. This is not the first time I have spoken against these vile and selfish laws, and it shall not be the last, but I shall be heard. The people of England are dying a slow death. Our empire is likely to wither away because of legislation that is starving the people at the root. I know of what I speak, because I have met those people, met them face to face, and they have very pinched faces, gentlemen, very pinched faces. There were men in the government, important men who represented powerful interests, and John Bright and his speechmaking had grown from a petty annoyance to a threat that could overthrow them. For the first time, they began to doubt their power. They threatened, but Bright refused to be frightened. He refused to listen. He went out into the farm desplex and continued his talks. Are you going to have a good harvest, my friend? Not if we have the kind of rain we've been getting. Well, you've a tidy sum saved up to tide you over, no doubt. Oh, I wish I did have. You know, stranger, I've gotten good prices the last couple of years for my corn. At least it seemed a good price, yet I never seem to be ahead. Do you think the corn laws could be at fault? I always thought those were farmers' laws for my protection. But you know something? A friend of mine heard his speech the other night and he told me about it. And maybe I've been fooled all these years. Maybe the corn laws aren't doing what they're supposed to. A friend of yours heard his speech? That's right. A smart speech without any of the trimmings given by a man who's for the people, the little people. A man named John Bright. I see. So John Bright battled on against odds which seemed impossible, but he convinced the farmers that corn laws worked against their interests. Convinced them they should join in the demand for appeal. Eager as a schoolboy, he rushed off to Cobden with the news. So that's how it went, Richard. Even the farmers are with us now. There's only Parliament left and Parliament can't resist the country. Sounds splendid, John. Of course it will be a battle. We'll still need our every bit of strength, John. Yes, Richard? I can't begin to say how painful this is to me, but what's wrong? I'm... at the end of my rope. Richard, you don't... you can't mean... Yes, John. I'm through. I'm finished. I'm dropping out. You're resigning from Parliament? I have no choice. No, no, you mustn't. I'm forced to, John. But with victory within our grasp, with a battle as good as one, we need you, Richard. Can't be helped, John. That would say as... That could say. As bad as that? The last shiny farthing. I see. I'm sorry. This is a blow. I know. I dread the penury, but I... I think I regret far more giving up the fight. Richard, without you, it isn't a fight. We're lost. Oh, no. No, yes. There must be something. Believe me. Richard. Richard, listen to me. That's no use. Listen, we can't let this happen. Well, it has happened. Then we'll repeal it. Exactly as we're going to repeal those corn laws. For repeal them, we must. We've gone too far to lose you now. With you, the result is certain. You're genius for organizing. Your quiet logic and your sanity. They're the real persuasion. I supply the rhetoric, but you batten down the hatches and you get the results. We're not losing you now, Richard. I'm going to see some people. So John Bright Orator became John Bright man of action. Faced with the bankruptcy of his friend incurred in devotion to their mutual fight at the very climax of that fight, Bright left the platform to pound vigorously on polished, open panels of a number of important doors. And some that weren't so polished, nor so important. But, son... I know, Father, and I was certain you'd be reasonable. A draw for 500 pounds is modest, but it will do. 500 pounds, Father? Thank you. Very well, Ed. And since you've been active in our society from the start, sir Cecil... Excuse me, Bright. What is this, a request for money? Not as a contribution, sir Cecil. An investment. An investment in victory. How much? A mere bagatelle, sir Cecil. 750 should do very nicely. Well, John, I... I don't know what to say. We agreed a long time ago, Richard. I make the speeches, but it's so much. Will it tide you over? That's the point. Tide me over? It will save me. And you can save the cause. Why, it restores me to the point where I can even... even think of salvaging the wreck and repaying all those good people. That's fortunate, because that's the basis that I've got the money. John, you're incorrigible. At least our Mr. Pearson and his friends in Parliament concur in that. Oh, which reminds me... Yes. We have an appointment with them in Commons. You on the floor. I behind the scenes in caucus and in vestibules. A crucial appointment, Richard. The last, you think? I hope so. So do I. Then, if this is it, if this is victory, John, I'll be with you all the way. That's all the encouragement I need, Richard. This time, we tip the scales, make it the greatest speech of your career. Gentlemen, as I believe I have said to you before, I would like to speak to you about the repealed bill of the nefarious corn laws. What again? I just heard a gentleman on the other side of the house ask... What again? I say to that gentleman which word I use advisedly. Yes. Again. I have recently returned from a trip which took me into the far corners of England. I talked to the farmers and I can fairly report that I found them full of discontent. They were content enough until you met them? Not content. Merely deluded. But they can be deluded no longer. Because free Englishmen everywhere, in cities and towns, on farm and countryside, at last see the corn laws for what they are. Economic bondage and a political iniquity. Of course, I realize that the things of which I am about to talk cannot be seen from Lloyd's coffee house, nor from the windows of your private clubs. But believe me they can be seen from a furrow that has been washed away. They can be seen from the shabby walls of a tenement and from the rickety limbs of the children who live or should I say exist there. The facts are so simple that they are terrifying. Number one, there is a potato famine in Ireland. No dissenting view? Good. Number two, that potato famine has spread to England. Again, I find you in complete agreement. Number three, there have been torrential downpours which have ruined our domestic corn crop. Gentlemen, England verges on starvation. The England that you have sworn to protect is looking to you for that protection. Unless you act, unless you abrogate these laws, the people of this country are going to have to endure a famine for which history will hold you responsible. For which they, the people will hold you responsible. And I I say only this. As you go home to your well-filled ladders, remember as you bite into your evening bread and mutton, and that with every bite and with every second that passes, an Englishman holds you to account. Well, John, that does it. Do you think so? I'm sure of it. That speech did exactly what you predicted. It tipped the scales. But they're still the vote. Exactly the vote. What do you think I've been doing? John, while you stir them in the limelight and while you listen to the cheers of the galleries, I've been sculpting in the likely corners five members here and a half a dozen there. I've sounded them, John. I've seen them all. There's no longer any question. The corn laws are as good as dead. Didn't I say we couldn't win without you? Excuse me, but... Oh, well, Miss Latham, how'd you do, my dear? Very well, thank you. Mr. Cobden, would you... Huh? Oh, of course, of course. My colleague, John Bright, Miss Latham, Miss Margaret Latham, how'd you do? How'd you do? Miss Latham is one of our new and enlightened ladies, John. Rage things, you know, takes a great interest in public matters. Oh, Mr. Bright, I do hope you won't think it impertinent of me, magnificent. Oh, well, really, I mean, not really. But you were, Mr. Bright, simply heroic. Everybody's saying so. Oh, such fire, such such passion, all England will ring with it, and all England's in your debt. Oh, how can you be so eloquent? Well, really, I... believe me, madam, that is to say that... The opposition didn't know this, thank heaven. What's that? I say, I'm glad the opposition didn't know this. Know what? It takes only a pretty woman to render England's greatest speaker speechless. And that's the story. One chapter from the long career of John Bright, champion of the oppressed. For 50 years, one of the giants in Victoria's England. Whether it was corn laws or parliamentary reform, free education or international arbitration, or whether Britain should interfere in America's war between the states, John Bright was ever an eloquent pleader for moderation, for human dignity, for goodwill. A strong voice and a clear one along the way we came. And, incidentally, he did eventually marry Margaret Latham and found in her a devoted helpmate for more than a quarter of a century. The NBC University of the Air has brought you chapter 16 of the new historical series, We Came This Way. Episodes on the high roads to human freedom. We feel that you will enhance your pleasure and profit from this series if you make use of the special handbook which we have prepared to accompany it. You can obtain this handbook by sending 25 cents in cash to cover the cost of printing and mailing to We Came This Way, box 30, station J, New York 27, New York. The script was written by David Harmon and directed by Homer Heck. The original music is composed by Dr. Roy Shield. The orchestra was conducted by Joseph Gallicchio. The members of the cast were Clifton Utley as narrator, Sidney Brees as John Bright, Wilms Herbert as Richard Govden. Others were Sidney Elsman, Charles Eggleston, Philip Lord, Claire Baum, Sidney Gare and Tom Post.