Good morning, folks. Steve Rhodes coming to you live from the shores of sunny Delray Beach, Florida. This year, 11 a month and we've got all the US indices that we track trading to the downside. Dow's off 239, S&P 31, Nasdaq 100, 149. Russell's off five points. That's about three tenths or percent to the downside. So that's the weakest move. One percent for the Nasdaq 100. Summizer off 41 points. A little over one percent there. Quarter of a percent for the New York Stock Exchange. One percent for the Trannies. They're down 155. Gold is up two bucks, trading at $19.55. Silver's off four pennies at $23.45. Lights recruit up a buck 12, $9168 to print their natural gas up $0.14 and a 30 Treasury down nine ticks. Print out at $1.1816. Let's figure out what all that means by looking at that nine panel. Market update chart. We begin with the ES mini up the left hand side. So we have price that is firmly below the center of its bearish structure daily profile. Typically when that happens, price makes its way back to support and support would be the bottom of the profile. Turns out we have both the bottom of the daily and weekly profile near each other. When I say near the bottom of the daily 4417, bottom of the weekly 4424. Spot follow tunics has tested so far and rejected the 50-day exponential moving average. The 50-day is printing out right now at 1475. Spot fix trading at 1471. Now the interesting thing here is the ES mini as we came on the air formed bar number eight of a TD9 count. That's for the 30-minute timeframe. That's true also for the Dow and the Russell 2000. Well when you get to a successful bar number eight, 90% of the time you will generate bar number nine. That says a short-term bottom should form in the ES mini between now 1101 and 12 noon today. If you take a look at the NQ out here below the bottom of its daily profile maybe targeting 15191. That's the bottom of its weekly profile. US dollar index attempting to form a new profile. Those profiles have changed throughout the morning. Currently we've got support at 10435 resistance 10509. Gold trying to take out resistance. That's where the sellers are located. The top of its daily profile of 1954-60. Closed above that will accomplish that task. Silver running into resistance where those sellers side. That's up at the 2374 level. Light street crude has an A to B equal CD pattern. That one-to-one price projection would get you up to 9670. We're trading right now at 9172. A natural gas may be setting up an A to B equal CD to the upside. We'll certainly want to take a look at that during the Traders End Show in the 30-year Treasury. Just consolidate between profile support down to 118.03 and resistance at the bottom 2011. Folks, stay tuned for the Traders End Show. If you're off to start here Tuesday, please have a terrific one. Thanks for joining us. We'll look forward to speaking with you again soon. Take care and I'll see you in the next video.


African drums are talking the slow rhythmic throb beats its message over jungle and swamp through forest across waterless belt with village after village taking up the beat to bring you a story of that land where anything can happen Africa. Professor Anton Edwards and his party while searching in Africa for a lost people have followed the directions of a talking mummified head that speaks a language the professor and another man have been studying for many years but the head guided them into difficulties and the professor became a little suspicious the party descends into a huge volcanic crater and finds a medieval people who are ruled in cruelty by the priests the professor and Jack have killed two sacred apes and the priests vow to put the party to death the queen of this people begs the professor to rest her country from the power of these cruel rulers and when the party is called to trial professor Edwards kills the high priest thereby bringing about a state of civil war between those loyal to the queen and the forces of the priests in the queen's palace the professor and his party await the arrival of the queen to discuss plans but father why does the queen insist that you command her for there is a legend in her family my dear but she thinks amounts to a prophecy that the country will never know happiness until a stranger shall put an end to the power of the priests you wouldn't want me to back out there would you of course not father but I wish you could direct the battle from a distance how are you going to line the force up sir I wish I knew the lay of the country I'd be better able to form an opinion perhaps they have a map probably a crude affair they have one at all well the queen said we'd have 30,000 men to throw into the field and the priests have 40,000 they're all fanatics well if we can choose the right spot to meet them we might offset that great lady he comes the queen father all right and girl lady come for war shawty I wanna go to smell them plenty blood oh shut up your blackheathen and guard that door I wanna go queen don't be afraid of him your majesty black man I madam yet is his heart as true as his look to be fierce great fight a good scott that outside the door and go over and see what he's doing boy's neck you're choking him man had a message for me but I guard is true to his trust drop him and go wrong I wanna it's all has brought the map they had opened upon and depart map good that's what I wanted girl be more general next time I wanna this map has been compounded for my benefit here lie the hills in which the priest had their forces it looks about 30 miles from here if this represents the city sir I finger liars upon the city and that's right what does this line signify there lies the river is but a stream at this season and this forest of low trees here lie rocks to the right that is all lady I forces shall advance to this point before the river and await my coming should the enemy attack it is the most likely place to meet him go out of wise man should they advance to the city their greater number shall prevail here the land narrow and here shall I meet those forces and drive them before the till the spirits of my ancestors shall rejoice return victorious oh great splendor or upon the shields of the vanquished I don't like that part about returning on the shields of the vanquished exactly what did you mean father it's evidently a custom my dear I think I know it'll mean that you're wounded or exactly I'll forget about it don't worry Lana this isn't the first war in which your father set a command I know but this isn't the same a good clean bullet hole is one thing but those great huge sword oh if you don't stop getting the horrors young woman I'll pack you right out of here how we've worked to do come on Jack let's get at it all right sir how many troops have we 20,000 foot soldiers and 10,000 horse the infantry use a spear and sword and they carry huge shield sir fine now we've got to split them up and cover the neck of ground just this side of the river that forest will protect our left flank and the rocks the right then they'll have to cross the river before meeting us yes in the center of mark this on the map Jack in the center 10,000 spearmen were born on the main body in squares flank them with 3,500 cavalry each side how's that look looks useful sir that won't fill out the ground I know it's 7,500 infantry and that makes 3750 on each wing and a little to the front that's it I'll support them with 700 cavalry each how about main supports the remainder of the infantry and cavalry and rear of main body that makes about 2500 spears and 1500 horse roughly I don't know we'll have to leave the rest of the separate commanders which force will you take sir cavalry on the right center you'll be with me and Guru will have that time of his but thirsty old life why how's that sir he's going to command the main body of foot soldiers he can show them what he wants by gestures come on let's go father I don't want to be foolish but their their child I know you're feeling but your own father has come out of worse scraps in this one come on let's see you smile yeah it isn't a fighting I'm afraid of it's the awful waiting I'll have to do you'll be with a queen all the time I dare and she'll be just as anxious as you are so you can hang on to each other's necks I can't see the queen doing that for anybody can you know Jack I can't be the bravest woman I've ever seen sorry I got a bit silly the ladies waiting for your honor you're going to go straight to her rooms bye dear see you tonight bye dad bring home the bacon that's the girl you know Lorna you're uh you're well I told you so many times you ought to know by now by sweetheart by darling loaf is marvelous Jack spot made for us I wonder where they'll start the attack the formidable group facing our right wing but they'd like to cross the river and hire themselves first one of this day in good or happy high old warrior this day the snake woman shall kiss her feel take hands I'll catch them cut me fight this day I go back but I hope nothing happens to him Jack I'm very fond of him he won't let up until they're running or he's dead I've heard that same sort of things that about you sir I've got a lot of wisdom since then young man but it certainly is great to feel a good horse between my knees again I wonder if a charge holds the same field for me as it used to look at the line of cavalry breaking loose from their main body they're attacking sir no not yet that's a skirmish line to draw us out all for the movers Jack that's one thing we must avoid see they're going back across the river there's a movement on the left more cavalry sir use your glasses there's a sharp eye Jack where's that trumpeter here he is down to Trumpet they've broken away about 4,000 of them coming straight for the river to well as they hit the water what's that left center cavalry of ours there they go and what's formation sir about three quarters of look they're serving out in a way there's something wrong they're pulling out of the water like they come see if of the way we'll have them get in the middle of that line look they've hit him it's gone through and put the force in to give them something to think about the wedges coming round look they're turning flying across the river again and disorganized party over there they call the board all right wing is going to be attacked can't we fall on them now they're crossing the river it's a huge force sir no let them keep that where waves of force will hold them up over there away away there they go that won't stop there's too many and never mind they'll keep busy for a while here comes the main body we've got to meet them Jack you see that huge fellow leading them yes sir one of the please take him off you'll make them wonder good shooting boys keep picking the leaders off as they come up I'll take the heart out of them let them go to in the center I'm a fighting fool that's we got it sir the center is getting away not yet our time is coming that's for the reserve sir yes are you ready for a charge Jack yes sir all ready to go use your revolver and when it's empty swing that toward like blazes here we go don't you're told you're covered with that now or do you want there's a man coming up sir he seems badly wounded man that's the fellow we saved from the eight what do you want Lord Lord return to that woman and the queen the queen is to be murdered at sundown treachery in the palace where did you learn this speak from a dying man it has been planned and even now they await the city son wife he's dead sir yeah Lana what can we do the sun will set inside an hour we ride like blue blazes we might get there in time come on on Goro we've got another battle of life


The COVID-19 pandemic has been declared a global health emergency due to its rapid spread around the world. It is caused by a new strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. As of March 3, 2020, there have been 90,870 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in 72 countries, including Indonesia, with 3,112 deaths, case fatality rate of 3.4%. Testing for the virus requires either upper or lower airway swabs or lower airway aspirates, which can then be analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction, ART-PCR. No specific antiviral treatments have yet been developed for COVID-19. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared it a public health emergency of international concern, PGIC, and on March 11, 2020, it was declared a full-blown pandemic. This article was authored by Shiki Widiomorphy, Amad Junaidi, Elsesmita, Elsesmita, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


All right. We were looking at Galatians chapter one. We looked at Paul's claim that he received the Gospel directly from Jesus Christ. And so he starts talking about how he was one of the chief judicers and how it was very, very important to him personally to spread the Judaism, the Jewish faith among people. And he says he was extremely zealous for it. In Galatians chapter one verse 14, the word that he uses for himself over there, the Greek word for zealous which he uses for himself over there, that is similar to the word that is used regarding Jesus and the zeal which he had for God's house. In John chapter two verse 17, it says zeal for your house will consume me. So the word which, the Greek word which talks about Jesus zeal and then the zeal which Paul is talking about over here in Galatians one 14. Those two words come from the Greek word zeal which talks about a deep sense of possessiveness. So Jesus felt very possessive about the house of God. That was his dad's house. That was his father's house. And he wanted that house to be honoured. And so he says, how can you turn my father's house into a den of thieves? So he feels very personally about the house of God. He is very zealous for it. Now Paul felt the same regarding the Jewish faith, regarding the teachings of Moses, regarding the traditions which had been passed down to them over the ages. He felt very possessive about it and he believed in it. So when this new community of Christians began to talk about Jesus and what he had taught them and they began to say the old covenant is no longer applicable. Now we are in the new covenant. Now we are under Christ. It was a very terrible thing for Paul to hear because he was somebody who was extremely zealous for the traditions of his fathers. He is somebody who had been brought up in the Jewish faith and so he felt that this small new community of believers are desecrating something very, very precious. And so we do not know what exactly his employment was. I mean he was a tent maker, whether he was involved in other forms of activities we are not sure. But he sets aside all of his work and he literally starts going from town to town, arresting these believers because he wants to wipe out this teaching which they are bringing up. Because he feels so possessive about the traditions that have been passed down to him. So for a Judaizer like this to pull away from what he believed in and to start talking about a new gospel, it literally had to take a revelation of Jesus Christ himself. So that is why he says, I was not sent by man. I was not commissioned off by a bunch of people and sent out to preach. You see I had an encounter with directly with Jesus Christ and he showed me that he has not come to break the Old Covenant but rather to fulfill it, to complete it. See Jesus does not just discard the Old Testament and the Old Covenant. He in fact fulfills every law of the Old Covenant. Humans were not able to do that. Even though the Israelites were very proud of the Covenant, they never could keep it. Only one person was able to keep that Old Covenant completely and that was Jesus and he did that as our representative because we were all helpless to do that. The Jewish community was helpless to do it and so Jesus becomes the one representative who successfully was able to complete the Old Covenant, fulfill the Old Covenant and then he introduces a new Covenant. So when Paul has his encounter with this Jesus Christ, Jesus Christ personally gives him this new revelation that the Old has been completed and fulfilled. And now because the Old has been completed, now the people who come to God will accept the new Covenant which Jesus has started through the cross, through the work of the cross. So this is the argument which he is trying to build and so he says in verse 15 and verse 16. Okay verse 15, 16, 17. If someone could read out from verse 15 up to verse 20 please. Galatians 1, 15 to 20 if someone could read out. We who are Jews by nature are not seen as by of Gentiles knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law but by the faith in Jesus Christ. No I'm so sorry but I think you might have got the wrong verses. Galatians 1, 15 to 20. Go ahead. But when it pleased God, who separated me from my mother's womb and called me through his grace to reveal his son in me that I might preach him among the Gentiles I did not immediately confer with blood with fresh and blood. No did I go up to Jerusalem to those who were apostles before me, but I went to Arabia and returned again to Damascus. Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to see Peter and remained with him 15 days. But when I, but I saw none of the other apostles except James the Lord's brother. But now concerning the things which I write to you indeed before God, I do not lie. Amen. Amen. So he says, I a Judaizer who was so zealous for the Jewish traditions. Now after my encounter with Jesus Christ, he says God has now revealed his son in me is what he says in verse 16. So he is changed by his encounter with Jesus Christ. Now Jesus Christ is revealed in him in the way he has a completely new perspective in the things which he is preaching now in the things that he is now standing up for. And so this is something that has come out from his from his encounter with Jesus. And it's not just something that he has received from men and and he goes on to say once I had this encounter with Jesus, once Jesus Christ was revealed in me and I got to know the truth. He says my immediate response was not to consult any human being. So he didn't go running off to Jerusalem and ask the people, Hey, you know what I had this encounter with Jesus and he said these things to me. Is it correct? I mean, have I understood it correctly? Should I, you know, modify what what he said in any in any manner? He doesn't do any of that. His immediate response is not to consult any human because he just accepts word for word, whatever Jesus has said to him. And he, you know, accepts it as the absolute truth as the one and only good news as the one and only gospel. So he says I never went to any human and consulted with them regarding this revelation which I have received. Instead, what did I do? Yeah, in verse 17 he says I did not go up to Jerusalem to see those who were apostles before I was. But I went into Arabia. Later I returned to Damascus and then he says in verse 18 after three years I went up to Jerusalem. Now, we get a clearer picture regarding the activities of Paul immediately after his encounter with Jesus in Acts chapter nine. If we were to go to act chapter nine and look at verse 17 and you know, they're on words. We get a clearer picture of what happened. So he has his encounter with Jesus in verses 15, 16 and all of that. Then, you know, he's blinded. Then Ananias comes and ministers to him in Acts chapter nine verse 18. So then the scales fall from his eyes. He's able to see again. He gets baptized. So now he is baptized into the new covenant, you know, as a follower of Jesus Christ. And then in verse 19 we get to know that he spent several days with these disciples, with the people, you know, the believers in Damascus. So it was probably maybe one week, two weeks that he spends with them. And verse 20 says at once he began to preach in the synagogues that Jesus is the Son of God. So he didn't go and consult any humans and ask them, oh, you know, this this message which I have received from Jesus, is it accurate? Should I believe in it? No, he just accepts it directly from the Lord as the truth. And at once it says in 920 Acts 920, at once he begins to preach it in all the synagogues. And he preaches it so powerfully that people start accepting Jesus Christ as saviour. And the Jews are very, very upset about it.  And so in Acts chapter nine verse 23, we read about the conspiracy that is kind of hatched up against him.  And then the other believers, they come to his rescue. So in Acts chapter nine verse 25, they lower him down in a basket through an opening in the wall and he is able to make his escape. That is when he basically goes to Arabia. So he goes into the Arabian desert for a little while. We don't know whether it was for maybe two, three weeks, whether it was for more than a month. We don't know how long he hid over there. But then after hiding over there, he comes back to Damascus and he continues to preach. So there's this wrong idea that some people have, which I know they say that Paul after his encounter with Jesus, he goes into the Arabian desert and then over there, God gives him the gospel message and teaches him those things. That is not the truth. If you look over here in Galatians chapter one and you compare it with what is said in Acts chapter nine, we get to know that within one or two weeks after his encounter, he immediately starts preaching. He does not go to Arabia. He immediately starts preaching in the synagogues. Then the persecution against him begins. Then the followers help him to escape. Then for a little while he goes to Arabia. He hides over there in the desert and he says, later I returned back to Damascus and he continued to do his preaching ministry. So he continues doing this preaching ministry of the true gospel for three entire years. After three years, that is when he goes to Jerusalem and when he goes over there to Jerusalem, he meets with only Peter and James. He doesn't even, in fact, meet all the other disciples. So then he explains in verse 21, Galatians 1 21. He says, then I went to Syria and Silesia. So after having spent a little time with Peter and James in Jerusalem, he from there he goes to Syria and Silesia and does ministry over there. And then 14 years later he again goes back to Jerusalem. And the reason that he's saying all of this in such great detail is that he wants to explain to the believers for 14 years he has been teaching a gospel which has not come from some other human party. It is something that has come to him directly from Jesus Christ itself. And that led to a lot of conversions. Many people came into the fold, many lives were changed. So the point that he's making is this true gospel has power in it. Hold on to it. It has changed lives for 14 years and it will continue to do that. So do not doubt what I have presented to you. Now do not listen to these buddhizers who may be saying to you, this man was not one of the original disciples of Jesus. So maybe he's got it all wrong. He didn't get the correct training which he should have received from Jesus. So if people are saying those things to you, they are mistaken. And so he wants it established that his gospel is true, something which can be trusted and something which can be accepted. So he takes that many verses, that many, you know, that much time to explain all of this because it is important that they should not just ignore all that has been taught to them. So in chapter 2 is when he talks about how 14 years later he goes to Jerusalem and let's look at some of the things which he says at that time. So chapter 2, if we could have someone read out for us the first five verses please. Chapter 2 verses 1 to 5. Then after 14 years, I went up again in Jerusalem with Barabbas. Please continue. Yeah, please go ahead. Brother Collins, I think you got muted. Then after 14 years, I went up again in Jerusalem. Yeah, I can hear you. Go ahead. Then after 14 years, I went up again in Jerusalem with Barabbas and also two writers with us. I went up by revelation and communicated to them that gospel which I preach among the Gentiles but privately to those who were of repetition list by any means I might run or had run in vain.  Secrets they brought in who came in by stealths to spy out our liberty which we have in Christ Jesus that they might bring us into bondage to whom we did not yield submission even for an hour that the truth of the gospel might continue with you. Amen. So he explains to them and he says, so you see for 14 years I have preached this gospel and he has the backing of Jesus Christ for all of these 14 years. The gospel which he has preached has been backed up by God himself and they have seen the fruit of it. They have seen the results of it. So now in the 14th year the only reason he goes to consult with the with the disciples of Jesus with the apostles who are there in Jerusalem he goes because a revelation was given to him by God. He says that in verse 2 chapter 2 verse 2 he says a revelation is given to him. Maybe God reveals to him that false teachings have been creeping in and he needs to go and talk about this with the leadership in Jerusalem. So basically in obedience to that he goes to Jerusalem along with Barnabas and Titus. Basically because Barnabas can be like a go between like a mediator between him and the apostles and he takes Titus along because Titus is a Gentile who is now in leadership, is a Gentile believer who is leader over all the churches in the entire Cretan region. So along with these two persons he goes and has a private meeting with the apostles in Jerusalem and so at that time they discuss about among themselves they discuss the false teaching which is coming up and he says in verse 2 I wanted to be sure I was not running and had not been running my race in vain yet not even Titus who was with me was compelled to be circumcised. So he says for 14 years I didn't ask for any human affirmation I just spoke out boldly whatever Jesus Christ had told me to speak out and without any human support I just went ahead and did it. After 14 years I went to the apostles and I told them this is what I have been preaching and the race which I have been running is not in vain because it has been given to me by Christ and they affirm what he has been preaching all along and they say yes what you have been preaching is definitely correct and so they do not demand that Titus a Gentile believer needs to be circumcised they don't impose that mosaic law upon him. So he says even they the apostles after 14 years when I went to them and had a discussion with them even they didn't pressurize even they didn't ask Titus to be circumcised and to follow the law of Moses so he says in verse 4 this matter arose because some false believers had infiltrated our ranks so they are the ones who wanted to make us once again slaves of the mosaic law but we are actually free and the truth of the gospel has been preserved. So let us look at verses 6 to 10 and see what he says over here verses 6 to 10 if we can have someone read out please. Verse 6 but from those who seem to be something whatever they were it makes no difference to me God shows personal favoritism to no man for those who seem to be something added nothing to me but on the contrary when they saw that the gospel for the uncircumcised had been committed to me as the gospel for the circumcised was to Peter for he who worked effectively in Peter for the apostleship to the circumcised also worked effectively in me toward the Gentiles and James Cephas and John who seemed to be pillars perceived the grace that had been given to me they gave me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship that we should go to the Gentiles and they to the circumcised they desired only that we should remember they desired only that we should remember the poor the very thing which I also was eager to do So now the second point that he is making is that I preached for 14 years with just the backing of Jesus Christ and now after 14 years when I came to the apostles they also affirmed what I have been teaching they in fact did not even ask Titus to obey the mosaic law and they were in fact very very happy to see they recognized he says in verse 7 they recognized that my calling was for the Gentiles whereas Peter's calling was for the Jewish community and so they accepted this and he says in verse 9 the main leaders of the Jerusalem church James and Peter and John these people they extend a right hand of fellowship and they recognized that the ministry which I have been given by Jesus Christ so the point that he is making to the Galatian believers is that it's not just me who is saying these things even the Jerusalem leadership agrees with what I am saying so he wants them to be very assured about the gospel that has been presented to them and after having said that he moves on into his third point where he says verse 6 as for those who were held in high esteem whatever they were makes no difference to me God does not show favoritism they added nothing to my message the point he is making here is that yes these Jerusalem leaders were direct disciples of Jesus they had been personally trained by him so they are people who are held in high esteem but whatever they were it makes no difference to me it's not like as if God treated me in an inferior way and reveals less to me no whatever he had revealed to them whatever training he had given them the same revelation the same training was given even to me so therefore he says they added nothing to my message it's not like as if I learnt anything extra from them after talking to them after 14 years nothing new got added whatever they had been told originally by Jesus the same things were also told to me when I had my encounter so he says whatever they were it makes no difference to me he is so confident about his calling he is so confident about what God has asked him to do and he is comfortable doing it now this is an important point to keep in mind because you know he is going to talk about something else next and that brings out the importance of what he is saying let's look at that and then you know we can look at the overall teaching that we can take away from here so let's look at verses 11, 12 and 13 if someone could read out 11, 12 and 13 Galatians 1 sorry Galatians 2, 11, 12 and 13 now when Peter came to Antioch yeah Zalitoli please go ahead here now when Peter had come to Antioch I sent him to his place because he was to be blamed for before certain men came from Jesus he would eat with the Chanters but when they came he withdrew and separated himself friends also were all the circumestitions and the rest of the Jews also played the hypocrite with him so that even Barnabas was carried away with their hypocrisy so if you remember just a little before in one of the earlier verses he said Apostles are held in high esteem because they were directly trained by Jesus Christ. But that doesn't make any difference to me in because God is not a God who shows partiality is what he says. So he says they did not add anything extra to my message and in fact this is what happened he says. So he talks about this event this incident when Peter came to visit Antioch. So when Peter came to Antioch in the beginning he was very free with all the Gentile believers. He mingled with them you know sat with them ate with them had fellowship with them he did not treat them inferior in any way because that's what had been revealed to him on the rooftop right I mean when he had his vision from the Lord and God said what I have declared clean don't you dare call it I'm clean. So using that you know that example of the unclean and clean animals Jesus you know says to him I have declared the Gentiles also who come to me as clean. So now onwards you will have to regard them as clean as well. So Peter who has understood this when he comes to Antioch originally is very comfortable with the Gentiles. In fact now he's not even following any of the Jewish you know ceremonial rituals. So I'm sure if the Gentiles were to place fork in front of him he would have absolutely no problem eating the poke because now he's very much like a Gentile you know he is now under the new covenant he does not feel any need to follow the old mosaic rituals that is the way Peter was living. But then you have some important Judaizers coming from Jerusalem to visit over here. So once they come he starts kind of withdrawing from the Gentile believers he no longer sits with them.  He's afraid what these Judaizers will say you know if he starts eating the unclean foods which are the technically unclean foods which you know which because the Jews still regard them as unclean. So he's afraid what the reaction would be if he were to eat those. So he starts distancing himself from the Gentile believers. So the people who are watching are now getting confused. Up to now he was so friendly with everyone and now he's kind of pulling away from them. Why? Because he is little worried about what these Judaizers are going to think. So now the crowd is wondering maybe the Judaizers are correct in what they are saying because when Peter is now starting to act like them he's also not you know touching any of the Jewish unclean foods. So they are wondering what's going on and the event it unfolds in such a way and matters become so serious that even Barnabas starts getting doubts. That's what it says in verse 13.  So imagine the true gospel had been presented to Peter and Peter had received a revelation on the rooftop. He knew that the grace of Jesus Christ alone is enough for salvation. You don't need to follow any of the mosaic laws but once this very powerful influential people showed up he was afraid. He was afraid of what they would think. He was afraid of having to debate with them. So he tried to just avoid the believers in a way what he was doing is he was turning his back on the truth and this is what Paul says verse 14 yeah if you could you know read out 14 15 16 yeah if someone could read out verses 14 15 and 16 please.  We who are Jews by nature and not sinners of the Gentiles knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law but by faith in Jesus Christ even we have believed in Christ Jesus that we might be justified by faith in Christ and not by the works of the law for by the works of the law no flesh shall be justified. So when Peter starts acting like this and then all the other Jewish believers start you know imitating him so they also start avoiding the Gentile believers. Now I'm sure this entire thing would have happened in the setting of the you know community meals which they used to have which was basically their version of the Lord supper. I mean now we just have a wafer and we have some grape juice but then back then they would have an actual entire meal so they would all sit together it was more like a potluck dinner you know because different people would bring different foods and then they would all sit together and they would share in the meal and so the food items which they are eating are a representation of the body of Jesus Christ and so through that one body of Jesus Christ through that one sacrifice which he made they have now all been brought into the family of God and they're all together one family no longer divided you know because that's basically what the bread or Jesus the bread represents we feed on him we all have been brought into the kingdom of God through him by feeding on his flesh by drinking his blood you know in that symbolic sense so this is what the communal meal which they all used to share represented it represented the unity that was there among them as one single community that has been brought together by Christ and now here you have important main leaders going against this basic fundamental truth so when they're all gathering together no longer are the Jewish believers willing to sit with the Gentile believers they're maintaining their distance and whatever food the Gentile believers are cooking and bringing over here the Jewish believers are now hesitant to go and eat that because you know they're now they're wondering the Judaizers are watching us he's a very powerful influential man what will they think if I go and eat that so there's a division which has happened and Peter himself has initiated this through his conduct Peter never stood up and preach any sermon he never opened his mouth and said you know okay this is the true gospel but then you know when people are powerful enough maybe you should just compromise a little bit he didn't say any of those things but his actions spoke louder than words just through his actions he was preaching that it's okay to compromise on the true gospel and the it says the Jews began to imitate him to an extent where even Barnabas began became confused so Peter Paul takes a stand and he says in front of all of them he says you know he says to Peter you are a Jew yet you live like a Gentile once God told you that you should you know eat all animals you stopped following the mosaic law you began to eat everything you began to live the way you know the other Gentile believers are living you stopped following all the ceremonies so now why are you forcing the Jew the Gentile believers to become circumcised and you know imitate the Jewish customs through your actions though he has not said anything in words through his actions is now siding with the Judaizers so he says how so Paul says to Peter how is it then that you force Gentiles to follow Jewish customs even though Peter has not stood up and openly said from now on you people should be circumcised his actions seem to be indicating that he is supporting the Judaizers so Paul says it's almost like as if you know indirectly without even using words you are forcing this Gentile believers to start becoming like the Judaizers how can you do such a thing and he goes on to say we who are Jews by birth even we have now realized that justification is gone not going to come to us through the mosaic law it's only going to come to us through faith in Christ Jesus he says that in verse 16 therefore because you know we can only be justified through faith in Jesus Christ how can we go back to the works of the law so he's explaining these things to the Galatian congregation and is telling them because of the authority that was given to me by Jesus Christ because of the revelation that was given to me by Jesus Christ I'm not even scared of the other important leaders whether they are Judaizers or whether they are believers you know of the true church I'm not scared of any of them because I know the truth that has been given to me and I've decided to take a stand for it now this is an important learning for those of us who are in ministry so when we see important famous people preaching something wrong do we know just be quiet and by being quiet are we sending out a wrong message to our own people saying ah yeah it's alright to compromise or do we speak up like Paul and say brother what you're teaching is wrong you are misleading the people of God so the teaching that we can gain from you know from this passage is that like Paul just because the other leaders have held in high esteem we should not hesitate but rather like Paul we should confront that because the important issue over here is the safety of the church the people of God the shepherds are supposed to guard them protect them from harm so if the leader does not take a stand and say no this is wrong and I will not allow my sheep to be led away it's a very dangerous thing you know the sheep can be can be harmed by the by the by these high esteemed leaders who are leading them in the wrong direction so the learning that we gain from this passage is that even if important influential people start teaching something wrong we should immediately take a stand or the protection of the sheep and declare in front of everyone and say this is a wrong teaching and then that way the truth of the gospel is preserved and the the sheep are not led away into wrong things because what was happening here is if you if these if the if the Gentile believers were to start following the mosaic law they would become slaves of the law Jesus Christ came to set us free so that we would be free in him we would no longer be slaves of the law or slaves of sin whereas this wrong teaching is going to lead them into slavery so which is why I know Paul takes a very strong stand against it if we were to look at verses 17 up to verse 21 if someone could read out for us verses 17 to 21 please chapter 2 verses 17 to 21 verse 17 but if while we seek to be justified by Christ we ourselves also have found sinners is Christ therefore a minister of sin certainly not for if I build again those things which I destroyed I make myself a transgressor for I threw the law died to the law that I might live to God I have been crucified with Christ it is no longer I who live but Christ lives in me and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God who loved me and gave himself for me I do not set aside the grace of God for if righteousness comes through the law then Christ died in vain so he goes on to make one additional point over here in verse 17 onwards he's you know just to put it in normal simple words he he's basically saying those who are Christ followers we also commit sin sometimes right I mean we have not become perfect we are still being sanctified on a daily basis so those who are believers they also sin but does this mean that Christ is promoting sinfulness because you see the argument which the judaicists would have been making is this they would be saying you people are saying that your followers of Christ you people are saying that you now you're under a new covenant but when we look at you we see you making mistakes you also sin sometimes on the other hand if you had the mosaic law then maybe that would help you to stay on the right path so just accepting Christ and becoming a follower of Christ has not made you perfect on the other hand if you had even the mosaic law also along with your faith in Christ then maybe you would be able to stay on the right path so is Christ promoting sin by saying you know you should not follow the mosaic law anymore that's the argument which the judaicists are introducing they are indirectly saying by this Christ of yours when he says that you should no longer follow the old covenant is he promoting sin by making you you know live in any way that you want so Paul says you're absolutely not there is the right teaching is that you should avoid sin but to avoid sin it is not by you know introducing reintroducing a new set of laws and saying you shall do this this this following Christ and being obedient to Christ does not come by keeping a set of laws because if you reintroduce the laws once again you actually become a law breaker because the law of Christ says you shall not follow the mosaic law so if you reintroduce the mosaic law in the hope of keeping the law you would actually not be keeping the law you would be breaking the law because Christ has declared that the old covenant is fulfilled and closed and the new covenant has been introduced so if you were to reintroduce the mosaic law rather than keeping the law you would end up breaking the law of Christ so he says yes we should avoid sin but avoiding sin is not done by keeping a set of laws rather it is by living in Christ so in verse 20 he says we have you know I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live but Christ lives in me so this Christ who now lives in me he will enable me to start sanctifying myself on a daily basis he will help me to start living in a new and righteous way it's going to happen through his enabling it is going to happen through his work of grace I will not try to improve and become a better person by going back to the mosaic law and becoming a law breaker rather I will hold on to Christ place my faith in Christ so he says in verse 20 I live by faith in the Son of God who loved me and gave himself for me so my my spiritual growth my level of improvement on a daily basis it's not going to come through the law it's not going to come through the mosaic law never it is only going to come by living in faith in Jesus Christ I look to him I will depend on him I will believe that his grace is sufficient to change and transform me and even as I continue to walk in him he will do his work in me because I was crucified the old person that I was was crucified and is gone now the person that I am is somebody who literally has Christ living in him I mean in me so therefore I will be able to follow you know the the right the righteousness which God expects through the enabling of Jesus Christ so this is the point that he makes so so he's going against the argument which was made by the Judaizers who said Christ is promoting sinfulness by taking the law away no Christ is not promoting sinfulness Christ has the power and the ability to change us and transform us if we place our faith in him because now he is living in us we were crucified to the law we were crucified to the old covenant we were crucified to those things we no longer need to depend on them we now have Christ himself he will enable us to walk in a new way so the assurance that he is giving over here to the Galatian congregation is that don't worry it's true that you want to live holy lives but you don't need to go back to the law to be able to live holy lives it's going to happen by placing your faith in Christ by keeping your focus on him and depending on him so the next chapter was three chapter three onwards he goes on to talk about those details about how you can grow in God how you can grow in righteousness by continuing to hold on to Christ not by going back to the law but by walking ahead walking forward with Christ hand in hand so we will talk about those things from chapter three onwards so chapter one and two was mainly a very lengthy introduction a defense which he offered so that the Galatian believers will start taking him seriously chapter three onwards he starts explaining how you can walk with Christ in righteousness and how this is all a work of faith it's a work of grace it's got nothing to do with following law and mosaic law and keeping ceremonies and rituals okay so those are all the things which he will be explaining to us the next chapter onwards alright let's just close with the word of prayer Lord we just thank you so much that we don't have to be slaves of any rules and regulations which we are unable to follow rather or Lord we live by faith you are the one who does your divine work in us you're the one who convicts us you're the one who causes us to change you're the one who helps us to to follow you and Lord through you we are able to walk in newness of life in righteousness so Lord we don't need to be like the judicers who felt that they had to follow a lot of ceremonies and rituals and regulations to become a changed people we can instead rest in you just abide in you just listen to your voice follow your guidance and see ourselves being changed automatically because the fruit of the Spirit starts getting formed in us even as we just follow you we don't have to be followers of the mosaic law we thank you for that freedom which we enjoy in you oh Lord even as we go into the third chapter next class onwards we pray oh Lord that you would teach us these truths deep in our spirit so that we can become genuine followers of Christ thank you Lord in Jesus name amen thank you so much and I do give my word your issues will be resolved the admin will take care of it please do you know write them a detailed email you know expressing your thoughts all right thank you


So, thanks very much Keith. So I'll be taking you all through these four items starting by recapping the overall picture of our six carbon budget advice that you may well have seen Christa presenting last week. Then I'll pass to our industry analyst Cheryl McKenzie who will present our approach to this analysis. Then I'll run you through the detail of what's in our sixth carbon budget balance pathway and finally the policies required to actually enable this ambitious pathway. So let's start with a with a recap of the overall path. So the chart here sets out our recommended path for emissions towards that net zero goal in 2050 as indicated by the dotted line here. It also contains the two ultimate recommendations of our analysis and that's our advice on the sixth carbon budget level and advice on the level of the UK's 2030 NBC. So firstly we recommended that the UK should submit an NBC requiring at least a 68 percent reduction in territorial emissions from 1990 to 2030 and that's a really ambitious goal and the government have accepted this ahead. They've accepted this on last week ahead of last Saturday's climate ambitions. So secondly we recommended that the sixth carbon budget should be set at 965 megatons implying a 78 percent reduction from 1990 to 2035. So just that's really ambitious just just remember that until last year the 2050 target was for an 80 percent reduction. So we expect the government to assess our recommendations before before legislating on the sixth carbon budget level next year. Before moving on I'll just highlight here the kind of inverted S shape of the path reflecting acceleration in decarbonisation in the early 2030s. So that's the overall pathway but now I want to dive into the detail on manufacturing construction and fossil fuel supply and I'm going to hand over to Cheryl McKenzie our industry analyst to explain the approach we've taken to develop our pathways in these sectors. Thanks Haran. So we take a bottom up approach to our analysis which allows us to draw out the detail of each of the sectors and we develop pathways for all of these sectors to underpin the overall pathway that I've just set out. For this session we're focusing on the pathway for the manufacturing and construction and fuel supply sectors which are the top two wedges on this graph. This is what we formally referred to as industry we're shifting away from the term industry now to allow us to articulate the distinct issues for manufacturing and fuel supply. All of the 2019 emissions in fuel supply shown in this graph are from fossil fuel supply and we're going to cover decarbonisation of these emissions in this session. Other aspects of fuel supply particularly the development of hydrogen and bioenergy fuel supplies were covered in yesterday's energy sector deep dive. So next I want to explain how we develop the pathways for manufacturing construction and fossil fuel supply. So we started by developing three exploratory scenarios. These describe different potential future worlds. So widespread engagement is a world with further behaviour change and has a high level of resource efficiency driven by consumer and business engagement. Most businesses in this world follow incentives and supply chains develop faster. In the widespread innovation scenario fuel switching and CCS show big reductions in electricity and electrolysis costs and higher CCS capture rates. Resource efficiency is a moderate to high level which is driven by innovative techniques and business models. The headwind scenario has moderate levels of resource efficiency and businesses that are resistant to change and prefer to retrofit rather than refit despite incentives. There are also lower cost reductions in this scenario. Tailwinds takes our most optimistic assumptions about the future world. This scenario reaches net zero by 2042 across the economy. Our balanced net zero pathway is a pathway that underpins the six carbon budget. It takes a balanced mix of assumptions about the future and keeps our options open. The balanced pathway is consistent with climate science and our international circumstances and we need deep productions to keep that 1.5 degrees in play. It's especially important going into 2021 with the UK leading COP26. So now I hand back over to Aaron to go through the changes that are involved in our balanced pathway. So thanks very much Cheryl. So Cheryl's introduced you to the balanced net zero pathway and I'd like to take you through the detail of what it can contains and as Cheryl described, we'll split this between manufacturing and construction firstly and fossil fuel supply and treat those two. So first manufacturing and construction and here's the balanced net zero pathway for this sector in one graph. It shows a series of measures reducing emissions from the baseline down to at the top and then down to the balanced pathway that's running along the bottom. It requires manufacturing and construction emissions to be reduced by 70% by 2035 and by 90% by 2040 and that's from 2018 levels. That's based on fuel switching, CCS and improvements to resource and energy efficiency. So this pathway has faster reductions than the pathway underpinning our fifth carbon budget advice that we set in 2015 five years ago. This reflects substantially improved evidence and also the shift to an economy wide net zero target from the previous 80% target. If you include the negative emissions that come as a result of BEX that's partially shown in the light green wedge here, then the pathway to in fact reach net zero overall, which is pretty impressive for a sector that's often been referred to as hard to carbonize. So let me take you through the pathway and let me start with the early years and during the 2030s there's increasing implementation of new technologies, policy, resource efficient approaches, the development of infrastructure and supply chains. Improvements in resource energy efficiency lead to the largest reductions in the early 2020s with smaller contribution from electrification, biofuel use and material substitution. And then fuel switching CCS deployment really scale up from 2025. So now let me take you a bit further towards 2050 and go through each of the wedges. And to do this I'll pop up this chart and show you how the different wedges of abatement are spread across the different industrial sectors. So firstly resource efficiency. Resource efficiency abatement gradually increases from 2020 to 2035. Clacattery includes a range of different measures including reducing the amount of material used by optimizing designs, for example in buildings, increasing recycling and reuse, including in construction, increasing the longevity of products, for example using electronics for the longer, increasing product utilization and sharing such through car clubs and sharing leather equipment. And these measures we can see from the right hand chart reduce emissions most from steel and cement sectors and this analysis is based on work by the University of Leeds. Next is energy efficiency which includes heat recovery, process up and equipment upgrades and integration and clustering. The paper sector sees the highest fraction of abatement from energy efficiency as a result of clustering to reuse waste heat from other industrial sites. This analysis is based on the 2015 joint industry and government roadmap to 2015. Next is the two large wedges also the largest sources of fuel switching that's electrification and hydrogen. We've done some really detailed work on these options as well as the CCS measures with with element energy. Electrification includes measures such as electric boilers, electric arc furnaces, electric dryers and a range of other other different measures. Some electrification options are introduced in the early 2020s and due to high commercial readiness and some electrification measures involve scrapping existing assets for the end of their expected lifespan. This reflects preferable economics over the alternative options and the inability to retrofit some electrification options. Hydrogen measures include hydrogen boilers, generators, mobile machinery and kilns. Our latest evidence suggests these measures can typically be retrofitted at limiting the need to wait for a replacement cycle or the need to scrap assets before hitting these measures. In our scenario there is substantial electrification in food and drink, paper, vehicles, steel and chemicals and there's substantial hydrogen and off-road mobile machinery and chemicals. We expect the competition between electrification and hydrogen is likely to be close so there's a lot of uncertainty about which of these technologies will ultimately win in the future and our exploratory scenarios that shall set out more of these potential different future worlds if you want to dig into those a little bit further. What's key here is that developing both options will be important. Then finally there is bioenergy use and CCS. Bioenergy use is prioritized for sectors using bioenergy already such as cement and pulp or those with the potential to fit CCS. CCS is applied to a bottom wedge, is applied to fertiliser plants, half of the UK's integrated steelwork capacity and processes where it's the only deep to carbonisation option available. This includes cement and lime and ethylene production. That's manufacturing and construction in quite some detail. Now I want to move on to fossil fuel supply. The emissions from fossil fuel supply include those directly from oil refining, oil and gas production, oil and gas processing terminals, as well as leaks of methane from the gas transmission and distribution networks. Emissions in this sector are expected to see a substantial drop. Even without climate policy as a result of declining North Sea oil and gas reserves. That's why you see here the baseline, which is a baseline without any climate action, has a decline in emissions anyway. Including this aspect and the abatement measures, our balanced pathway requires fossil fuel supply emissions to be reduced by 75% and by 2035, that's from 2018 levels. And there's five major measures that I'd like to flag here. So the first is actually a measure that's outside of the sector, which is a shift away from using petroleum mainly in transport. And so that's this top red wedge here. This reduces emissions from oil refining. Then second in yellow is electrification. In our balanced pathway, this includes electrifying oil and gas platforms by connecting them to the electricity grid or to offshore renewables. Then next is the pale green wedge, which is reducing methane flowering and venting also from offshore platforms. And then similarly is the light blue wedge, which is reducing leaks of methane from the gas transmission and distribution networks by improving monitoring of potential leaks and repairing the leaks. Then finally CCS, which in this pathway is predominantly applied to oil refineries. So by 2050, very close to zero emissions. And in fact, the largest remaining source for emissions is from methane leaking from old closed coal mines. So having gone through those pathways in quite some detail, I want to take a moment to reflect on their contribution to the carbon budget through this chart. And so it shows what's changed since our fifth carbon budget advice in 2015. So the red line along the top here is the pathway that underpinned our fifth carbon budget advice. And the black line is our new balanced pathway on the path to net zero as opposed to the 80% reduction, which is where the fifth carbon budget pathway ended. What we can see here is that the greatest change between the two pathways is from what we formerly called industry, manufacturing, construction and fossil fuel supply sectors. And I think this is a really important point. As a result of net zero and the Paris agreement, we really need to reset our expectations of industry to carbonisation. I guess it's more I think things have shifted more so than in any other sector. And I guess this really means that it's not a case of decarbonising industry last anymore. It's decarbonising alongside other sectors and indeed faster than one or two. So I'd just like to cover a few other aspects of the balanced pathway. Firstly, geography, infrastructure and skills and then on the next slide costs. So the map that just pops up here shows the distribution of deep decarbonisation measures in larger manufacturing sites. We don't have absolutely all sites on this map here. So the location of sites can affect the decarbonisation option that they choose. At dispersed sites, our next step suggests that electrification has an advantage over hyper-hydrogen. You can see the bigger cluster areas in here. And the industrial clusters are where infrastructure for CCS and hydrogen are first deployed in our balanced pathway, starting from 2025 in some clusters. Also on infrastructure, there's also a need to increase electricity network capacity around some newly electrifying sites. And that's spread across the UK. Smaller and more dispersed sites tend, but not always, tend to decarbonise slightly later. This can be due to the costs of smaller sites, attitudes and infrastructure availability. Then finally is remove along the balanced pathway. The pathway has more workers acquiring skills to implement low carbon measures and the supply of necessary technologies and equipment grows and the availability of finance increases. So the final aspect of the pathway I'd like to cover is the cost, starting with manufacturing and construction. So the kind of Louis purple line here reflects the additional capital expenditure required for fuel switching and CCS measures in the pathway. So the more expensive measures. And the red line here reflects the additional operating expenditure for the same measures. And then the kind of orange line is the sum of these two is a fairly balanced split between operating and capital expenditure, which differs from the story in many of the other sectors of the economy. And based on these costs, we estimate the cost to the exchequer. If it were to fund fuel switching and CCS in manufacturing and construction in a way that protects sub-sectors at risk of carbon leakage, it could be up to £2 billion a year in 2030, perhaps a little less. So then adding in this line here for the net savings of energy and resource efficiency is actually a slight drop in the overall cost for decarbonising, manufacturing and construction. And then here I've added in at the bottom this yellow line, which represents the cost of decarbonising fossil fuel supply, which is closer to around £1 billion a year. So adding all of this together, manufacturing, construction and fossil fuel supply, the total cost peaks at around £5.5 billion in the late 2030s. So I've run you through the pathway, but I haven't yet said much about how this may be enabled. And we've spent quite some time thinking about this. And alongside our sixth carbon budget advice, we've also published three other reports, one by the Energy Systems Catapult, that's on policies to manage carbon leakage, one by the University of Leeds in CREDS, the CREDS Research Consortium on industrial decarbonisation policy, and one note on product standards from an independent consultant Terry Wills, who is working with us. We also gathered a steering group to guide this work. So let me start with the area that I think we've looked at the hardest, which is about maintaining competitiveness of industry while decarbonising. This is a really important issue for the committee. And yet the committee's position is absolutely still that the design of policies to reduce UK manufacturing emissions must ensure that it does not damage UK manufacturers competitiveness and drive manufacturing overseas. This would wouldn't reduce global emissions and would harm the UK economy. So I'm going to go through and sort of highlight some of our key policy recommendations. So in terms of policy mechanisms to enable this goal of maintaining competitiveness and also decarbonising, I think that in the near term that taxpayer funding should be used to support deep decarbonisation in manufacturing sectors at risk of carbon leakage. This maps onto the £2 billion figure in 2030 that I trialled in the previous slide. This support can provide kind of dual benefits of managing carbon leakage, but also helping with early deployment, innovation and bringing down the cost of capital. Over time, it's likely that the Exchequer will not want to foot the increasing bill of deep industrial decarbonisation. And to achieve this, deep decarbonisation will likely require policies that apply to imports in addition to domestic production, namely border carbon tariffs and minimum carbon standards. And we've set out a potential indicative timing of different policies here, but there's an awful lot of uncertainty. Therefore, the committee thinks that we need these options, these latter options to be made available, although the committee doesn't go as far as saying they should be implemented. Developing these policies will be challenging and likely take a long time, so the committee has taken that into consideration. But what we recommend is that development of these policies should begin, developing the option of having these policies should begin immediately to enable the longer term options of either applying border carbon tariffs or minimum standards to imports of selected energy-intensive products. This should include developing carbon intensity measurement standards, mandating these are disclosed and fostering international consensus around trade policies through the G7 and COP presidencies. The next set of policies is around delivering key measures to enable fuel switching in CCS. The committee recommends that the government should establish funding mechanisms to support operational and capital costs of both electrification and hydrogen in manufacturing. It should finalise the contract for difference mechanism to support industrial CCS and continue to support innovation and demonstration of fuel switching and CCS technologies. To enable resource and energy efficiency, the government should extend product standards to cover how product is made that includes aspects such as how repairable, durable and upgradeable product is and the level of recycle content. It should also work towards introducing a mandatory minimum whole life carbon standard for both buildings and infrastructure. There are several cross-cutting economic issues that need addressing, mostly around market mechanisms. To address these, the committee recommends that the government should create a clear incentive for non-traded manufacturing. Those the sector is not covered by the UK ETS that we now know it will be. By creating that incentive that incentive needs to incentivise the switch to lower carbon energy sources by reforming energy and carbon pricing. We also need to see a strengthening of carbon prices and taxes on manufacturers. At current levels, they won't be sufficient to enable the balance pathway. The government should also reform electricity pricing to reflect the much lower costs of supplying low carbon electricity in the mid 2020s and beyond. It also needs to address manufacturers need for very short payback periods, either through loans or grants potentially involving the new National Infrastructure Bank. There are also some crucial supporting policies required on infrastructure jobs and skills. On infrastructure, the committee recommends that there are at least two CCS clusters established in the mid 2020s, at least four by the late 2020s and further clusters around 2030. The government should work with the minerals industries to develop a detailed joint plan for CO2 transport from dispersed sites. It should prepare to make decisions about whether initial areas of the gas transmission and distribution networks should be converted to hydrogen. It should also plan for a potential increase in large localised network reinforcements and manufacturers. On jobs and skills, the committee recommends that industrial decarbonisation policies are designed in a way that creates and supports jobs, especially in regions with reliance on industrial jobs. Prompt toward of existing industrial decarbonisation funding can help with this and help with the recovery. All of the above recommendations will need to be wrapped into a clear and ambitious plan for decarbonisation of manufacturing construction, in particular through the government's industrial decarbonisation plan strategy that's planned for spring. This is crucial to bring momentum following the step change in ambition for industrial decarbonisation that's necessitated by net zero. On this ambition, it should include setting out how policy will enable deep decarbonisation while maintaining competitiveness and indicate ambitions by setting targets such as oil-based steel making and cement production in the UK to reach near zero emissions by 2035 and 2040 respectively. Plans also can't omit areas, so decarbonisation of off-road mobile machinery should be covered somewhere in the government's set of strategies. Finally, covering policy on decarbonising fossil fuel supply, although some of the previous recommendations have cut across all of industry. These further recommendations most likely sit within the North Sea or should sit within the North Sea transition deal which the government is planning. In this area, the committee recommends that the lower cost measures are mandated. This should involve setting a requirement that from 2021 any new plans for offshore oil and gas platforms must use low carbon energy for their operations and as a result or new oil and gas platforms should have no direct emissions from operational energy used by 2027 at the latest. Furthermore, from 2025, flaring and venting should only be permitted when necessary for safety reasons. There's also more expensive measures that the government should enable. Therefore, government should develop a policy to reduce emissions from existing oil and gas platforms in line with our balanced pathway and develop carbon intensity measurement standards for oil and gas and oil by working with industry and the international community. This could help to manage consumption emissions too. And finally, government should facilitate collaboration between the UK's offshore oil and gas sector and the offshore wind sectors to potentially enable direct connections from platforms to wind turbines. So that concludes the summary of our pathways and policy recommendations and I'll hand back to Keith.


Welcome, everyone. I'm Herminia Ibarra, Professor of Organizational Behavior at the London Business School, and our sessions this afternoon is part of the jobs reset summit, applied from for bringing together leaders across all sectors to address the big questions of the day concerning growth, jobs, skills and equity, the ideas to create solutions together and to really accelerate action towards more inclusive fair and sustainable workplaces societies and organizations. Our theme for today, which is the fourth and final day is equity, inclusion and social justice. So with today's discussions we really want to try to get at how the current disruption in the economy in labor markets can be leveraged to embed greater social justice and ensure greater opportunity for all. Our panel is about developing leaders for this great reset. We have a fabulous panel with Vijay Eswaran, Executive Chairman of QI Group in Malaysia. Jill Aider, Chairwoman of Egon Center in the UK. Brian Gallagher, President and CEO United Way Worldwide in the US, and Karen Van Bergen, Dean of Omnicon University and Executive Vice President of the Omnicon Group. Just to give you a flow of the session, we're going to be spending approximately the next 25 minutes or so in discussion with the panelists at 30 minutes into the session. We're going to be concluding the live stream portion and move into 15 minutes of Q&A with the top link participants. Before we begin, I just want to say we'd love your comments and questions from the top link audience and you can write those into the chat box. And I'm going to get us started interactively with a poll. The poll is this, which of the following characteristics and you can pick your top two. Do you expect from a leader? Decisive, empathetic, collaborative, transparent, persuasive, or something else. Great. Very interesting. So empathetic gets the top votes, followed by decisive, transparent, collaborative, persuasive less and it looks like we got the good, the good adjectives in that not many people have written some other ones. So fantastic. And that is a good jumping board for asking my first question of the panel. Thank you, Jill Aider. Jill, given your line of work, I really like your sense of what leadership competencies do we need these days to navigate, you know, everything all the consequences of the pandemic including the fact that our workplaces are changing including that they're moving towards a more hybrid way of working what kind of leadership is needed in this context. I think it's about navigating with very human answers. I think that's what I'd first say. I think we're seeing an incredible melting pot of everything that is hitting us in this pandemic. And what that is causing is a meltdown of some leaders, whereas others are rising to the occasion and shining so I think what we're going to see is more demand for leaders and less supply. That's what we're already seeing. The hard stuff continues, you know, hard and inverted commas continues to be really important. So resilience, delivering results, performance, all very important. But actually what's coming to the fall is the importance of the soft stuff, which is really hard. So that's the human factors, the care, the compassion, the trust. And I think overall I'd say that people have got to leaders have got to look at what's the psychological safety and trust that I'm generating now and engage every one of their actions and behaviors by by looking at that psychological safety and trust. So we see three or four shifts going on one is from invincibility, and I agree people have to be decisive but not recklessly decisive. So it's actually going from invincibility to vulnerability or humility, however you like to talk about it. Because leaders don't know all the answers now and people have to feel engaged. And they have to be able to talk about their fears. The second one is leaders are typically extremely busy doing and knowing a lot. And this shift is about being the leader. Because in a crisis people in the organization want to know and feel the essence and reassurance of their leaders, not see them heads down. The third one is purpose and values if you can anchor in purpose and values, then literally you're giving people the reason to carry on working so hard and be collaborative to miss out on the purpose is literally missing the point. And the fourth one is is really about. Are you really taking into account everything that's so important now that society expects or what's your license to operate on diversity, equity and inclusion on sustainability, stakeholder management. So we're looking at leaders we're looking at, yes what's their experience but we're looking at that potential, and the biggest driver of potential is curious. And that's that that's so important at the moment. So we look at potential, and actually have been a your work on identity is bottom, because what we see is those leaders who have been able to make the identity shift and move from stuckness or being a crisis into knowing they are holding an organization and breathing life and safety into an organization or whatever their version of that is. That makes a huge difference. So when we're coaching CEOs we're looking at their cognitive awareness, their emotional awareness, and also their somatic awareness you know how they're bringing that to life and that aura, just the spirit and essence that they give off. So those are the things that we're looking at it's definitely the hard stuff of resilience and performance, but you can't just perform. It's about transforming otherwise your organization can't transform. It is a massive shift from some of the ways of operating before and I was curious as you were saying that there is rising demand and less supply is part of the difficulty of making those transitions and making those shifts. And that are really a kind of what got you here won't get you there situation that a lot of the old skills no longer seem to apply. Exactly. And also the shortage of supply will continue unless leaders really invest in their own development, even though that that incredibly busy at the moment that development is so important. All right. Vijay, if we could have your take on the poll. And I know you're also eager to share with us some of your ideas about stakeholder capitalism and what that means for investing in a better future and in reset. I find the poll to be fascinating. I think that leaders are going to, in essence, need a little bit of all these attributes, but I'm a strong believer in decisive leadership. Empathy would be a very powerful selling point for a leader understanding the people that he leads is fundamentally the basis of good leadership. Integrity, something that's not there is something that I would have added on because I think that's really what we lack in terms of leaders today because leaders today. In essence, out for themselves more than anything else. And survival of the fittest doesn't really fit into the aspect of leadership that I would subscribe to. So having said that the issue would be the worst combination there would be in essence to be decisive. And at the same time persuasive, then you're hitting into the region of some of the worst dictatorships that we have had, you know, going all the way back to Hitler himself. So, I would think that the leaders of today, particularly this that are going to be coming into this new norm, so to speak, have to understand and relate to the people that they're leading with. And being decisive is something that's critically important because they're not going to make right decisions. Right decisions actually is something that you work your way towards. You know, in the first decision you make may not be right and usually is not right. So the point is to keep working until eventually you get the decision right. But honest leadership requires you to admit and deal with the mistakes that you're going to make. And I think you would get a lot more out of the people that you're leading if you are pretty much honest in the fact that you can make mistakes. I would rather have a leader that recognizes that than one who thinks is infallible. Thank you so much for leadership moving into investor. Sorry, a stakeholder capitalism. I was a product of an era where Milton Friedman, in essence, you know, built this whole concept of shareholder capitalism and shareholder capitalism resulted in Wall Street going in a sense, dessert. In the last few decades, an example of capitalism has taken on, in essence, a new form. I would imagine that picking the caucus of companies and turning them apart just in order to make profits over the years has become a lifestyle. And so I imagine at some point they're going to have to, if we continue to shareholder capitalism, then that bull that's up there in Wall Street needs to become a vulture. Having said that, moving on to what I think is critically important right now is the fact that stakeholder capitalism requires us to be aware of the other stakeholders in everything that we do, which includes your employees for a start, you know, and that's a very important start because it's people that are going to make the difference moving ahead. We need to basically upscale them and upscale them. We have to prepare them for the new norm moving ahead. And many of them are going to be out of a job, phenomenally so. And we're going to have to recognize that the most important element is to retool and upscale and upscale moving ahead, because that's really the norm that we are heading into. And faster we get things done, the faster we are able to adjust to the new norm. In terms of the company, QI, we are a e-commerce based platform and we are scattered across four continents and we have close to 15 million people in the database. So we need to be in constant engagement. So the empathetic part of leadership is very critical. If we were able to turn around during this time, it was primarily due to the engagement. So market feedback is a critical component, both online feedback and offline feedback. And because we have a composition of web direct sales and e-commerce is the platforms that we use to basically do business across the world. Both of these, the online and offline feedback systems were critical in us re-engineering, redesigning, and in essence redesigning the wheel as it was. So we had to do this on the move, on the fly. And fortunately, we were able to actually survive if not to some extent begin to thrive in the midst of this pandemic. In fact, just make a connection across the two. And this is a word that hasn't actually really come up yet, but it has to do with learning and a learning orientation.  And if you're also working on market feedback, this is an iterate and learn kind of approach and not an invincibility. We get it right at the outset kind of approach. And there's a direct link to the psychological safety Jill's been talking about. The research on that is very clearly from Amy Edmondson. You frame for learning. You don't frame for getting it right at the outset. You frame for learning. You make a shift from being what Satya Nadella called know-it-alls to learn-it-alls. And I'm already seeing that as a strong theme across our comments. I'd like to turn next to Brian. Brian, you've got some examples for us of some innovative leadership practices that you're seeing help build resilience in this context. Can you share a bit of that with us, please? Sure. Let me first say that kind of building on Vijay and Jill's comments. I think the leadership and the reset has to begin and be centered in rebuilding trust. Trust in institutions across the world, for sure government institutions, businesses, even NGOs, media have been crushed over the last number of years. Inequality has been a big issue in the across the world. There's a question of globalism and am I benefiting by all this economic activity or is it some narrow portion of leaders that are benefiting? So we've got to begin with thinking about trust. The societies in the countries that have the highest trust numbers have the lowest inequality and then have a sense of collective purpose. And so the examples really for me center there. You know, secondly, and to the point of the examples I want to bring forward, once you focus on trust, the way to sustain it is to focus on people designed systems. You know, the pandemic and the economic fallout has laid bare in many countries, certainly here in the US, that our systems have failed. And that you can have a healthcare system that's high quality efficient just in time, but is a horrible response in a public health crisis. And so, putting people first and the way people define their success is personal safety, economic security, I don't want to get rich I just want to be able to sustain myself and my family, a sense of purpose. If you don't have a sense of purpose. You drift, and then connecting to something larger in community, and if you're not connected to something larger, you're going to find yourself radicalized or off the off the economic track and become a drag on society not a contributor. A couple of examples. Mark Benny off the founder of Salesforce, headquartered in San Francisco here in the US, San Francisco like a lot of cities in the US has a huge homelessness issue. And, you know, the leadership that Mark showed was being supportive of a tax referendum to tax businesses more in order to provide more support services to people who are chronically homeless. That's putting people first, you know there's an economic interest for Salesforce and businesses in San Francisco. But for a corporate leader to say we should be tax more to provide more services to folks who are homeless on the street is the kind of leadership an example that I think builds trust and confidence. We visited a number of countries the last, you know, starting two years ago looking at migration patterns and I can't get into all of them but I think what German Chancellor Merkel has done, and her government did and has done in terms of dealing with the refugee crisis is an example of unbelievable leadership. That was a political risk to accept that number of refugees from the from the Middle East, mostly Syria. And when you visit into in Germany to see how they're trying to integrate these new refugees into society. It's universities, it's businesses, it's NGO, it's government, and it's making sure that that these new refugees becomes become part of German society. So it was a huge, I think, unbelievable example of the kind of leadership that we need going forward. In both Mark's case, and in the Chancellor's case they took huge risk, got outside their comfort zone, and went across sectors last thing I would say is, everything has to, it's not surprising to me that the poll would say collaborative. The, everything has to be cross sector now it has to be around inclusiveness if you're not focused on your employees on your citizens on your customers and building the systems from for them, and not for you as leaders. Long term will fail. Last last thing I would say is, this can't be short term. You know the great reset is not going to happen in 60 days. It's going to be the great reset and the great rebuild and in order to rebuild differently we've got to reimagine the future, and it can't be a race to the bottom it has to be an imagination to something different. Thank you Brian I'm hearing one very clear indicator towards action and that is to both get higher trust and a greater sense of collective purpose action against or towards lowering inequality is probably a best bet for a leader. Karen I want to turn to you next I don't know if you'd like to comment on the poll, but I particularly want to ask you a follow on on this which is how can we ensure equity and inclusion remain front and center in this time of crisis when it can be so tempting to say this is not of the essence we've got to get things better before we can focus on those luxury items. Yeah I know with regard to the poll, I was definitely the decisive empathetic and I wanted to add collaborative but I wasn't allowed to do a third one. I love the integrity as well that VJ said, and I think if Brian already alluded to it. If the current crisis had made one thing crystal clear is that the lack of equity has had a devastating impact on the global population. And therefore in this time of crisis there are two arguments to double down on on addressing equity. The first one is a moral one. Because of that devastating impact companies the private sector is able to have such a positive impact on the communities in which it operates that we need to really really continue to to support any initiatives for for equity for a moral obligation. But there's also there's overwhelming evidence that it makes total strategic business sense that when you have diversity which cannot exist without equity and inclusion that you come to better business solutions and better long term business impact. So, and I would say now more than ever and and Brian again alluded to it already how a company shows up in this time of crisis will have a long lasting impact on its stakeholders. Current employees future employees consumers. Anybody else who's a stakeholder in your company so you have to think about the actions you take. And there are companies that have stepped up and personally you know I work for Omnicom. I was incredibly proud of our company that in July, our CEO stepped up our efforts on diversity equity and inclusion and and published a. We call it open 2.0 plan that has seven very concrete action points to create systemic equity across Omnicom and and the most important one is that he laid out accountability up to the highest level himself. And I think that's how we that's how we need to operate in a time of crisis. And we've also doubled down on our support for the UN sustainability goals and we've always been concentrating on education and I am a passionate believer that if you don't address education, you cannot address equality and equity so you know as Sonya Sotomayor the Supreme Court judge once said until we get equality in education, we won't have an equal society. So I think all of us need to double down in this time of crisis. I love the fact that that we can talk to each other share best practices and continue to learn because we haven't found the solution yet so we need to share best practices and be accountable to each other. And I ask you follow on just specifically, you know just recently, I have been reading just a spade of different studies coming out just showing how a lot of the things we try to do in organizations to somehow fix or mitigate the problem of inequality of diversity and inclusion just don't work. You know at the same time we've got this crisis here that has mobilized us in so many ways you know look at all we can do online that we never thought possible, what becomes possible as a result of this crisis that can have better chances of getting the kind of impact we've been trying to achieve for so long. So I would say the transparency, I would say that talking to each other, being very open about what works and what doesn't work and take you know really take accountability for the role we can play. There is, again yes it's easy to say well we shouldn't do trainings etc. I think we should do and and we should do we should keep doing the trainings that have a positive impact. But I think I am a firm believer in sharing best practices between companies and organizations and talk talking to each other, and then engage all your stakeholders in that discussion and first and foremost your own employees. We have a few minutes to just kind of talk across and to each other that lots of really interesting inputs that really keep bringing me back to the question of how we learn from each other and how we learn from the different sectors, and how we not assume that we're going to get it right at the And just kind of practice an approach in which we get better at learning. Anybody want to jump in and add to this and also the transparency wasn't at the top of the list but I see that also coming in as a really important factor in trust in learning. What can we add especially around examples of what's bringing these new leadership models to life. Yeah, go ahead. I was just going to say being very honest with ourselves about what are the stories we tell ourselves, both as individuals and as companies, because sometimes we tell ourselves things I was talking to a CEO this morning where we've just done a very diverse search for him. And I said did you make any compromise and he said no but you know so many people tell me that there isn't diversity out there. You know, we tell ourselves stories. And I think we have to be really curious about those stories. What I was going to what I was going to say is, in terms of learning as a discipline. I'm not sure we know right now how we create knowledge in this, in this time. You know, so we have the, we have the historic. I don't mean academic is in terms of scholarly academic but it kind of a, a disciplined event, learn, event, learn, but we live in a just in time exchange of information and artificial intelligence that is breakneck speed, giving us input as leaders as citizens. And we're not sure we my guess is that the way we've created knowledge historically is too slow. And the way that we're exchanging information and quote learning is really not knowledge quite often. It's just exchange of information. So the question becomes, I think, how do we, how do we create disciplines to exchange in real time with large numbers of stakeholders in order to create an understanding and knowledge. So if you look at, I was in a, I was in a meeting recently with mayors of large cities across the world, and they're using digital technology to allow their citizens to talk to them in real time, and to watch patterns of behavior, so they can change trash pickup or, or, you know, mass transit rooting and so forth. It's that's knowledge and this idea that we can sit together and tell you what we did eight months ago for you then to learn to then do something eight months later is just not the way the world works today. For example, I'm going to turn to VJ quickly we're not going to need to wrap up this portion in about a minute and a half, and I'd like to get a few last words from VJ and from Karen. Well, in terms of diversity, it's important to remember that both in terms of our workplace, as in terms of employees as well as customers. The tremendous changes actually occurred right now. And that's simply the fact that we have to deal with the millennials. We have to deal with the centennials and now the gen alphas and all of that. And these people are the people are inheriting all of these issues that we have, you know, encountered up to now. And they're thinking styles and difference is something that's very important to take into account, because they are different. I'm going to go to Karen with our last couple of minutes but I think you're saying VJ we've got a lot of material to work with out there. Karen, please. Yeah, no, I firmly believe in that learning culture and the focus on education and whatever the private sector can do to work to help there. And as Brian said, the way we're working virtually now will enable that faster learning and sharing best practices. Fantastic. Thank you so much to our panelists and for our public.


I don't have like thousands of viewers but still it's uh it adds up over time so it's like you know it buys a coffee or two or Maybe pays a bill or two I'm all for that egg just in case Helmets off Because I felt like it Wow, okay I haven't fought for a very long time. So we'll we'll just excuse that one. All right You don't have to move them dude. I just I just messed that one up. That was that was pretty funny That was pretty funny. Uh Whoa, that was funny. All right I just For some reason, I thought that was gonna go off on him and not on me Uh I'm just saying kind of fine Oh, I did that way too. So I'll have to work the next round. Oh, we got a machine. This is what this didn't realize that does see a little turret thing That's why he didn't disappear cool Today I learned So he's gonna be a little bit more resilient than that I thought we were done. I thought he died Wow, okay. I was getting ready to leave That was cheap game That was really cheap He should have died man Close that was cheap So very cheap. I've done the dungeon one. So correct me if I'm wrong I think you were supposed to kill that turret first. But what do I know? I know right i'm getting all this ninja gear. I don't think I'd even use it though I should be rolling greed on it, honestly That's neat and we're riding some kind of air anchors We lose thanks for the loose blood miss. Yeah, baby arms. It was just my imagination. They're resting fight If you were moving then leave can't. What's up, buddy? How you doing Can't play too long Can't super love me. I told you man. He's like Even before creeks came in told us to give us some extra hugs He's been like that pretty much the whole day. Thanks guys for the uh the help So we're probably gonna get another dungeon or trial soon