Today is July 9th. We give the people what they want. Coming to you from people's dispatch, we have Prashant and Zoe and from Globetrotter. Two days after the assassination in cold blood of the president of Haiti, rumours swirling out of Port-au-Prince. Who did it? Gunmen, perhaps Colombian mercenaries, that's on the table. Some people with US passports, that's on the table. People speaking Spanish, well, they were Colombian. People speaking English, well, they might have been Haitians from the United States. Rumours here, there everywhere. Government in crisis, paralysis in Haiti right now. One rumour being a drug dealer extradited by Moises to Miami by the Drug Enforcement Agency of the United States might have engineered the hit on the man who had him extradited. Lots of rumours, speculation, hard to know what's happening. It is an outrage. However much a head of state is disliked, head of government is disliked.  Killed in cold blood, pictures of the dead body of the president of Haiti spreading around social media. Zoe, what's the latest from Haiti?  And this is obviously only going to make that worse. And, you know, the latest updates are, you know, yesterday, the director of the National Police of Haiti, Leon Charles, gave a press conference. And he basically gave the latest updates about who they've been able to identify who participated, you know, as hit men in this crime. And essentially it's 28 people, according to the director of police, 26 of whom would be Colombian, and two, it seems that are Haitian American. You know, the Minister of Defense from Colombia, Diego Molano, has already made a statement and said that the Colombian government will cooperate with all of the Interpol investigations. They've already been contacted because these are former members of the Colombian Army. So this, I mean, this moment is really bringing together, it's kind of just this like convergence point of all of the unrest that we've been seeing across the region, across Latin America and the Caribbean.  But at the same time, you know, understanding the context in Haiti in which this, you know, assassination and political murder took place is also very important. And, you know, Moise was at this point quite isolated in the political scene in Haiti. You know, as we've been covering extensively people's dispatch since February, he essentially is a de facto president. He overstayed his constitutional term as of January 2020. There was no legislature functioning in the country of Haiti, no elected officials. So Haiti, I mean, has been in this crisis, there have been massive waves of protests, you know, in February, we saw huge protests, people on the streets opposing not only Moise overstaying his term, but also opposing him calling for a constitutional referendum, which was set to take place on June 28th, but was postponed, opposing also the elections that are scheduled for September, which now will also include, well, now we don't really know what's going to happen where we're set to include presidential legislative elections.  And I think, you know, right now the real question is what's going to happen next because already Haiti was in a crisis already there was, you know, erosion of the institutions already, you know, the international community was concerned about what was happening in Haiti, which of course means preparing to, you know, have troops on the ground. I mean, Haiti has been occupied militarily by UN forces since the early 2000s in different UN missions, minou stah, minou juice. These missions, you know, had officially ended, I think, one year back when a juice technically left. And the response to this political assassination, which, you know, Haitian movements movements across Latin America have rightly, you know, warned and cautioned about has been, you know, calling for some sort of, as Washington Post said, muscular response. And as we know, a muscular response to crisis in Haiti is not good news for Haitians and it's not good news for the region. And the Organization of American States has also made some vague illusions, you know, what kind of response there could be. But really, right now, with, you know, movements in Latin American movements in Haiti are saying no to any foreign intervention. Yes, to Haitian democracy, yes, to Haitian sovereignty. And of course, the assassination of a president is a violation of the country's sovereignty, which had already been ceded and worn away. So, I mean, really, we need to keep our eyes on this situation every day. It's developing, you know, today, I'm sure we'll have new updates. But it's surely a tragic situation and we will have to see what unfolds. You see, these rumors, many of them will not be untangled. That's the problem, because as you mentioned, there is a political crisis in Haiti. Two different politicians claiming the mantle of the state paralysis at the political level is going to, I think, have a direct impact on paralysis at the investigative level. It should be said that since there are Colombians involved, it should be said that since the administration of Colombian President Ivan Duque has not denied the presence of Colombians. People should be aware that it's likely that the United States government is not going to want to advance an investigation if it uncovers anything that's uncomfortable. Certainly, as I said, it could be a political motive, it could be revenge from a drug dealer, could be all kinds of things. Haiti had become one of the main transshipment points for cocaine into the United States. Important issues here, Colombia, Haiti, Miami, cocaine, assassination, keywords of the present. Meanwhile, in India, keywords of the present, illegal detention, political prisoners, committees are very upset by what is called the custodial death or institutional murder of Father Stan Swami. Father Stan Swami, a great voice in the wilderness of India. Prashant, who is Stan Swami and how did he die? Right, Vijay. Father Stan Swami, a Jesuit priest and also a very ardent and tireless advocate for the rights of India's tribal communities. Tribal communities which have actually not received any of the benefits of what the middle class maybe have received in India or the elite have received, whose land is often attacked for resources, whose areas have been militarized, often they have been detained in various circumstances. They accused of links with Maoist guerrillas. Father Stan Swami was somebody who fought for their rights, who advocated for justice for them, worked very deeply with them. He was not somebody who landed once in a while or anything, he lived with them, he worked with them. But just a few months ago, in October, he was arrested with accusations of being involved in what is called the Bhima Koregao case. By the way, he was 84 years old when he was arrested. Now, as a reporter, the Bhima Koregao case is one of probably the most confusing things to report out of India because it has to do with violence in the beginning of 2018. And at that point, all reports pointed to the fact that right-wing groups, internationalist groups were involved in this violence. However, the inquiry within a few months completely turned around. And then the government's case was that this was actually a left-wing conspiracy and blamed in this for a lot of prominent activists, lawyers, scholars, many of whom were not even there at that point of time. So this has been a case which has really puzzled reporters and journalists across India. And unfortunately, the law used to arrest people in this case has been one of the most draconian laws available, which is called the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act. And Stanswamy was also arrested under this law, although he had nothing to do with that event or anything of that sort. So Stanswamy is arrested in October, 84 years old. He's suffering from Parkinson's disease. He does not even have access to his zipper and straw in jail because he can't hold the glass properly or eat food properly. And for that, he had to approach the court. So that was the extent of how the judicial and prison system in India functions. An 84-year-old man with Parkinson's had to approach the court to even get a straw and a zipper. And he applied for bail. At that point, the National Investigation Agency, which is the apex body investigating this, said that he was trying to use the pandemic as a pretext. His bail was denied. Over time, his health deteriorated very rapidly. And all this happened, there were reports of all this. This was nothing hidden or obscured. So at the end of May, he told the court how his bodily functions, his physical capacities, is visibly deteriorated. And he had asked for medical bail. And the court said, you can go to a hospital. And Stanswamy said, I fear I'm going to die. So I would rather just be released on bail and go back to my friends in Jharkhand where I can go. So he was hospitalized for nearly a month. He got COVID-19. And as his bail was due to be heard on Monday, while the judges took up the matter, the hospital's director said that he had died. And a horrible, horrible tragedy here because we have an activist who spent decades working for the poor. An activist whose deterioration in health was very, very visible. He's not the only one in the case in such a situation, the very famous poet, Varavar Rao, a few months ago. Also, his health deteriorating so badly that his family said that he's almost delirious. His brain functions have declined. He was granted bail because his lawyers said that he is about to die. And that is sort of a six-month period. So a lot of people in this case are senior citizens about the age of 60. Many of them have health problems. Many of them have spent their lifetimes writing about working for the welfare of the underprivileged in India. And one of the most ironic and horrible things maybe about the case itself is that while Stanswamy was arrested in October, he was never after his arrest questioned for even a day. So he was under judicial custody. He was arrested presumably for the investigation, but he was never interrogated after his arrest for even a day. So from October to July he was in jail. There was no investigation. And while his bail plea was being heard, around that time exactly he died. So very difficult times for activists in India. A lot of newspapers, activists have pointed out how these laws are being used in very problematic ways against him. So the Bhima Koregao case itself, I believe, even authorities have raised concerns regarding this. There's a widespread demand that all of the activists arrested in this case be released immediately because many of them have spent over two years in prison right now. And of course the case is nowhere close to getting over. So that is the situation with Stanswamy. They were called the Bhima Koregao 16, now they become the Bhima Koregao 15. Many of them in bad health have been a lot of excellent reporting on how the kind of situations they're facing. So that's where we are now. Full disclosure Prashant, several of the 15 that remain in jail are personal friends. People like Anand Taltunde, Gautam Navlakha, Sudha Bharadwaj. Personal friends were reporting about people we know. It's always an awkward moment for journalists to report about people they know. I knew Stanswamy, a very fine man, did not deserve to die at the age of 84 in a prison like this. It was a very, very disturbing situation. No evidence. In fact, the Washington Post reports that evidence was planted most likely in their computers. Very disturbing report in the Washington Post. We need answers to questions. I think reporters need to be asking these for the period ahead. This is a show filled with a lot of stories and we come together every week, with the people what they want, Prashant, Zoe and I. We come from People's Dispatch from Globetrotter. We look forward to your comments. We want you to tell people about our show. It's a half hour journey around world affairs. You can't do a show without talking about Afghanistan today. US troops going to pull out of Afghanistan. There's a story at People's Dispatch on that, Biden's comments. There's also a story at People's Dispatch on the July 9th letter, or July 6th letter published by Elizabeth Warren and Ro Khanna, both lawmakers in the United States about underreporting of civilian casualties. Take a look at those stories, but much more than that. The United States is withdrawing from Afghanistan. Well, most of the troops will withdraw, sure. Regional partners around Afghanistan are very concerned. News breaking now from Kalainaw in the northwest of Afghanistan, that the Taliban making significant progress in the provinces. Taliban controlling the entire border region that comes towards China, including border regions with the northern part of Afghanistan to Central Asia. We'll come back to that in a minute. The gains by the Taliban have raised eyebrows by the neighbors. Therefore, many of the neighbors, Iran, Pakistan, India, not directly a neighbor, but India, Russia. Again, not directly a neighbor, but because of Russian influence in Central Asia, Russia. Qatar, where I visited the Taliban's foreign office some years ago. The Taliban had a post office in Qatar. Many of the peace negotiations took place through Doha. Qatar, Iran, Pakistan, India, Russia. All of them very concerned, holding talks both with the Taliban and with members of the Afghan political establishment in Kabul. Mr. Saniq Zai of Abbas Saniq Zai of the Taliban meeting in Iran with Eunice Kanuni, a member of parliament of Afghanistan. They're meeting in Iran because the Iranians trying to broker some sort of modus vivendi between the Afghan government and the Taliban. Very, very difficult situation. They're not able to communicate directly. India and Russia coming into this, India's Jay Shankar has made public statements saying that India is going to take a direct involvement in the discussions between the Taliban and the government in Kabul. Russia, Sergey Lavrov will be with Jay Shankar later the year. They've been talking about the importance of a Russia-India summit. So there's an Iran summit already held. Qatar involved in that. Now there's a Russia-India summit. We saw Suhail Shaheen of the Taliban make a comment that the Taliban is not going to allow the East Turkmenistan group to do terrorist activities in China. Even if the Taliban come back to power, Mr. Shaheen made a public comment saying that the Taliban would welcome Chinese investments inside Afghanistan. Very interesting development, friends. I don't have the ability to tie everything up together. The reason is the story is ongoing, disturbing developments, but also something positive. Here's the positive takeaway from this. The regional partners seem mature and quite deliberate in their attempt to bring peace to Afghanistan. Biden in his press conference washed his hands on Afghanistan, saying there may be a civil war, we hope not. Kalis attitude, 20 years after an occupation, extraordinarily Kalis press conference. But Iran, Pakistan, India, Russia, China seized of the necessity of bringing peace to Afghanistan. We'll be keeping an eye on this. People's dispatch globetrotter. We'll be running a story in the next few weeks. Fascinating things. Don't consider the United States as the only power in the world. Regionalism has a role and they're going to show it. Well, regionalism has a role. It's sometimes ugly. News reports coming out that the former president of Argentina, Mauricio Macri had delivered riot equipment to the coup government in Bolivia. That's a kind of regionalism, not good regionalism perhaps, but that's a kind of regionalism. Another form of regionalism, the coup government in Honduras under pressure now, the organization of American states, even they with their limited political capacity to stand by their own charter, even they have to accept the coup government in Honduras in trouble. Something has happened in the case of Bertha Krakeras. Zoe, what's the latest update? People's dispatch following this very carefully. What's the latest update from Tegucigalpa? Well, Vijay, it's a really, I think it's good to have one piece of very positive news because it's been a very intense week, I think, across the world. But on Monday, there was a great victory in the case of Bertha Krakeras. The court in Tegucigalpa ruled that David Castillo, who's the former head of the DESA company, which is the company that was trying to build a dam on the Guacarque River, which Bertha and Copín were involved in opposing, they ruled that David Castillo is guilty as a co-collaborator in the assassination of Bertha. And this was after basically two months of trial, two months of very, very intense hearings where the legal team was presenting a lot of audios, transcripts, so overwhelming evidence pointing to his involvement in the campaign of intimidation, of harassment, of criminalization that Bertha suffered in the years leading up to her assassination. And so, you know, it's a victory in the sense that these people like David Castillo, who's important to mention, he was trained in West Point Military Academy in the United States. He was a military intelligence officer in the Honduran Army. He has very, very close links to both government officials, members of the Honduran Algarque, which the Atala Zabla family, who are also investors, of course, in the DESA company. And, you know, I think it was six weeks, six months after Bertha's assassination, he bought a $1.2 million house in Texas. So, you know, this is someone who's directly benefiting from not only an assassination of a leader, but also, you know, the coup in the country. He was one of, you know, one of the many military officers who was incorporated into the national economy. For example, he had shares in Honduras electricity company, and he was directly benefiting from the government's seating to foreign interests, you know, granting these concessions. He's also involved in a fraud case, which attempts to prove that him and 15 other public officials committed fraud when granting the concession for this project. And so, you know, this happens every day in Honduras. It continues to happen. People are continued to be assassinated. The government, you know, continues to prioritize foreign projects and capital over national sovereignty and the people's needs. But now the court has showed, and they kind of were forced to, because of all the overwhelming evidence that, you know, impunity is not eternal and that, you know, someday there will be justice and Copín has been fighting tirelessly for the past five and a half years to say, we know who's responsible for this murder and we will not let them walk free.  You know, of course, this was celebrated by Copín. It was celebrated by many different Honduran movements, political parties and, of course, across the continent. And they've, I mean, they've said that this is a victory, that they, full justice means going after those who finance the operation and they, you know, they've showed through all of the evidence that they've collected who is behind this, who is David Castillo coordinate with. The evidence is there and they're demanding that the Honduran, you know, justice system go after them. So that's what's next. Justice for David, justice for Bertha on the other side. Hopefully maybe Prashant will see justice for Father Stan Swami. Meanwhile, at People's Dispatch, there was a statement Prashant about two reporters from New Frame picked up at East Swatini, a place that People's Dispatch has been covering the protests against the monarchy. Walk us through that Prashant, please. Right, Vijay. Last week we did talk about the situation in East Swatini in Swaziland, formerly known as Swaziland. A lot of people have not accepted the name change because it was arbitrary. But we've talked about how over the past few months there have been very intense protests against their king, the last absolute monarch in the African continent, how the status cracked down, how the state has repressed these protests, how the state has prevented people from even submitting petitions to their members of parliament.  So there's been a widespread campaign of resistance. And this is also extended to the press. And this was a very disturbing development that took place last Sunday to journalists from our friends at New Frame, Sevilleli and Magnificent, who were in East Swatini at that time when they were returning. They were, you know, they were detained. They were taken to a police station. They were attacked, beaten up, punched. Plastic bags were placed over their heads and they were taken to suffocate them. What is called is tubing. You know, it's been, it's been termed as a form of torture. And all this was done by the police. There is a podcast on New Frame where the journalists talk about their experiences. It's a very, it's something which is very disturbing to hear. But this actually indicates the extent of the repression which the government in East Swatini has been indulging in. Organizations, media organizations from around the world immediately took a stand, expressed solidarity with New Frame and the journalists who have done some really amazing work. The very next day after they returned, there was a story by them which actually very powerfully sets out what is the situation in the country right now. It is believed that almost over 50 people have been killed according to opposition sources by the end of towards the end of June. And some of these shootings extremely random in a sense that police officers arriving, shooting people out of the blue. Many people in hospitals very badly injured. These journalists took the effort to, you know, go to these hospitals, go to a funeral, talk to the people. The story is full of such horrifying accounts of what has been happening. And it's important to note these events because the response of countries in the region, the response of regional forums has been extremely weak. There has been no strong, you know, statements or actions against the country's government and the King Maswati III who and the repression continues. On the other hand, working class movements, people, you know, organizations across the world, the left, they have been mobilizing. There was a mobilization in South Africa in solidarity with them. And I think that what this shows is the extent of brutality because the about I believe 60% of the population is under the poverty line, unemployment is at 40%. On the other hand, the royal family, the king and his relatives, they have accumulated a huge amount of wealth. And this is mostly people just asking for their rights, for basic representation, for the demand that, you know, the prime minister be elected and not appointed by the king. And just the right to give petitions to the MPs, which is what was officially stopped, saying that, you know, you could submit your petitions online, but then the internet was blocked. So these journalists in New Frame are friends doing some extraordinary work in chronicling, not just the last few weeks, but even before what has been happening. And I think, like we said, last week's very important, very essential to keep tracking these events in Swaziland for both the development for the people as well as for the freedom of the press. Started at Haiti, came to Iswatini. In between, we've been to Honduras. We've been everywhere, to Afghanistan, to the region of Central Asia. The last few minutes, I wanted to just point to people's attention to a story Jose Carlos and I published through Globetrotter. It's available at the People's Dispatch site. It's an interesting story, friends. It's about 21st century democratic electoral politics because here was Peru had a second round election on the 6th of June. Pedro Castillo, let's be frank, won by a hair breadth. I mean, it's not a mandate. It's a tight electorate, but he won the election. Nobody denied that Pedro Castillo seemed to prevail, margin of error, et cetera, et cetera. He was going to win regardless. That was the 6th of June.  Oh yes, it's the 9th of July. It's one month in three days since that election. Between the 2nd of June and the 24th of June, 17 phone calls were made from a high security prison by a former intelligence chief in Peru, intelligence chief of Mr. Fujimori, who you might remember conducted an auto golpe, a self coup in 1992. Mr. Alberto Fujimori now in prison himself. His intelligence chief sitting in prison, not far from the leader of Sandero Luminoso, Gonzalo or Mr. Abial Guzman, also in that prison cell in Lima. Mr. Montesinos, Vladimir Montesinos, made 17 phone calls to an associate military fellow called Pedro Rejas. Now, interesting, what did he tell Rejas? He told him, go out there. There's a lawyer called Guillermo. We need to bribe people who are jurors in the electoral panel. We need to raise the money from these capitalists. We need Keiko Fujimori, the daughter of his previous employer. Her husband is a US national. They met at Columbia University. Tell him as a US national to walk into the US embassy to present the evidence of fraud by Pedro Castillo. Get the CIA involved, get the US government involved. This is the kind of thing that happens in the world today. This is how elections take place. I mean, I'm afraid the story that Jose Carlos and I did, it's about Peru, yes. But I'd like you to go to the People's Dispatch website, read the story, not just to read about what's happening in Peru, but to read about the nature of democracy these days. How cavalier Vladimir Montesinos. This is the second scandal that he's been involved in of this kind. Previously, there were videos of him bribing TV channel executives, a channel one, two, three, five and nine in Peru, bribing them not to give airtime to the opposition, the opposition against Alberto Fujimori. Now he is, and those are called Vlad videos. Now in these Vlad audios, he is telling Reha's go out there and help the daughter of Alberto Fujimori, Keiko Fujimori, win the election. Incredible, incredible story. Please go take a look at it again. It's not just a story about Peru, friends. It's a story about elections these days. Vladimir Montesinos, former intelligence chief in Peru, also his fingers knee deep in CIA money, had been a contractor for the CIA. You've been listening to give the people what they want coming to you every week, every week from People's Dispatch, from Globetrotter. There is no other show available on the interwebs that gives you a close account of world news from the standpoint of movements, from the standpoint of the UN Charter. There is no other show like this. Tell your friends about the show. Let us know what you think about it. We're keen to hear from you. You give us the oxygen to come back to you Friday after Friday after Friday. On behalf of Prashant Zoe, myself, thanks a lot and see you next week.


Okay, everyone. Well, thanks for joining the Hyperledger Denver meetup group today for an exciting presentation. And today I'm very pleased to have Alfonso Gavella from Hyperledger Latino America presenting along with his mentee Amit. And the presentation today is going to be all about global scouting for DLT blockchain educational opportunities. And then we're going to also have Bobby from the Hyperledger learning materials working group. Go ahead and tell us a little bit more about what Alfonso has going on as well. But I also wanted to just reflect on a few things. One for those who were able to join us from the last meeting with Firefly. That was really an exceptional session that was put on by Nico. And we really got a lot out of it anyone who's interested in joining that community. It's in the Hyperledger labs, and it's really ramped up recently. I went ahead and posted in the chat there about Firefly. And I welcome everyone to join the community calls that are coming up. If anyone has any interest in that, feel free to reach out to me after we wrap up this session and I'll make sure that you get involved with that. The other thing I wanted to mention is I've been collaborating with Bobby, and also Jim Mason around the blockchain employment series. So the first event that we had in Denver was fantastic. We had a great attendance, some wonderful speakers, and then Bobby and Jim just wrapped up the event with Hyperledger Boston. And then the next event that we're going to have is going to be with Hyperledger Princeton. And Bobby's going to be the host for that. And maybe Bobby can also talk a little bit about that during this session here. And then we're going to finally have a blockchain job fair. So anyone looking to get into the blockchain space or build up their skill set, please join us for that fourth event with which is going to be the blockchain job fair. So, I've worked with Alfonso on a number of items we had a great event at the Hyperledger Global Forum. I'm really pleased to be able to have him come back and join us for this presentation. So at this point, I'm going to turn it over to Bobby to do a little more introduction about Alfonso, and also to talk about the Hyperledger Learning Materials Working Group. So Bobby, I'm going to turn it over to you for that introduction. After we wrap up, please feel free to post your Q&A, and I'll make sure that gets addressed. Thank you, John, and thank you for working with me on a BC employee. It's my pleasure to introduce Alfonso today. He is my co-chair with the Hyperledger Learning Materials Working Group, and it is a pleasure working with him. So I'm just going to go over a few items first and then turn it over to Alfonso and his mentee, Amit. So let's go first with housekeeping. Again, this is a Linux Foundation-sponsored call, so that's the antitrust policy. Please take a moment to read it over. There's also a link to the Code of Conduct, which is just how to act on calls. So I'll leave that up on the screen for a minute. Okay, so again, we're at Hyperledger Meetups, and basically those are groups that get together like-minded people who want to discuss and play with and create with blockchain. So Hyperledger sponsors them again. It gives us the recording, the YouTube channel, and great resources. There's meetups all over the world. So if you're not a part of a meetup in Hyperledger, please go to Meetups and type in Hyperledger and join your local meetup. So also at Hyperledger, there's special interest groups and working groups. So I'm not going to go too much into these, but here is a list of what they are. Again, like-minded people, consortium-based information gets traded, you know, focused on a specific area. So again, there's climate action. That's a very active group. Capital markets is an active group. And then there's working groups that specifically target a technology like smart contracts or learning materials. Again, if you want to join one of these calls on the homepage of Hyperledger Wiki, there's a calendar of public meetings. If you click on every group and every project, post a bi-weekly meeting. So you just have to find the group you're interested in, find their bi-weekly meeting, and join it. They're open to the public and they encourage people to just go introduce themselves and say, hey, I'm interested in this. I would like to do that. Is there trouble with my screen share? Nope. Your screen share looks great, Bobby. It's just coming through with the Hyperledger calendar and the URL. Okay. So next, why we're here is the Learning Materials Working Group. Again, I had mentioned that Alfonso and I co-chair this. We run this informational group that gathers all the documentation from the community and the best practices from the communities. We have templates. We have recordings. We have a lot of information. Just go to our homepage. We do a bi-weekly call. We're the beginning of the call. We introduce newcomers to the Hyperledger community and the Technical Steering Committee recommends that all newcomers go through the Learning Materials Working Group kind of Hyperledger training. But we are sponsoring two mentorship programs this year. One Alfonso will talk to you about and the other very quickly I'm going to mention is the Learning Materials Giving Chain Project, and that is the project that we're doing at the end of the summer. Mentorship through the Learning Materials Working Group, where we're running three supply chain aid projects. And those are the three projects. If you want more information, our meeting is Friday the 13th. And there's a link to it. So the other mentorship program that I wanted to talk about or that we're talking about is the global scouting and I'm going to turn this screen share over to Alfonso. Thanks Bobby. Thank you very much, Bobby. I'm going to start sharing my screen. Can you see my screen? Not yet Alfonso, but I know we tested it right before the event, so there it is. Yep, looks good. Just, I would just go into present mode. Okay, how about it? Perfect. Well, this is the global scouting of DLT and blockchain educational opportunities. This is a partnership project of the Linux Foundation at the Learning Materials and Development Working Group. And we are now Amit Choudhadi and myself. We had Shen Ming Yang, but I'll tell you later he had a car accident and is not this project, but he's recovering. And we hope he recovers fully and well. The thing about blockchain and DLT is difficult. There are overwhelming amounts of unstructured information scattered across the web. We waste plenty of effort in isolated searches for golden nuggets, but we can hone our skills faster with proper guidance, and we can build together a collective body of knowledge. And where to learn, where to gather dispersed data, what structure to add to understand the content, how to expose it for public benefit, what learning path to follow, how to align our skills with labor markets, how to support our entrepreneurial spirit, at what cost. Is financing available and inclusive? Are there scholarship? Mass collaboration can answer this question faster. For referencing Linux law, given enough eyes, the ocean of educational opportunities, it's shallow. We want to engage and energize an active community of learners, self-selected by their interest, assisted by a communication mechanism, and an open source toolkit. This effort to me reminds me of stargazing. For millennia, we have looked at the sky, tried to understand, again, scattered information, vast universe, no structure whatsoever. What did we do? We built instruments, we built instruments that allowed us to register the movement of the stars across the space of the celestial sky. But what really helped us, what really helped us, because it went beyond the technical instruments to the everyday people in the fields and in the streets, was the notion of constellations. We were able to detect patterns in the stars, and then we added to those patterns a cultural, meaningful notion, the notion of a mythical figure. And that notion helped people remember the pattern, helped people see the pattern, but see it in a context, and that context was given, but only by the geometry of the pattern, but by the content of the mythological figure. With those patterns, we advance from recognizing the Sodiak, the constellations, to abstract representations, and to actual cartography. What's our plan? It's similar. It's similar. But today, we want to gather a community of blockchain DLT gangsters. And we want to, in this community, we want to gather four kind of people, four roles. We want to gather learners, educators, two raters, and maintainers. We both love to consult, understand, absorb, ask questions. We like to facilitate, to teach, to tutor, to mentor. We like to oversee collections, select themes, create content, find a filter. We also like to inspect, preserve, repair, communicate, and be proactive. But also, we want to be recognized with what we do. We're thinking to have now batches. Batches at our learning materials and development working group for learners, educators, creators, and maintainers. And in the near future, given the fact that we're part of HyperVector. We want to have tokens. We have to have learning tokens, at least for two immediate purposes. One is, as you collect tokens from the activities that you do with this learning initiative, you're building a profile. And that profile can be quite useful for employers to look at and help you being selected. Another issue is that once you have a reputation earned and backed up by tokens, maybe, maybe, but I do hope we can do it. Maybe we can go to the learning institutions and trade those tokens for scholarships. The cost of certification, it's low for the US, but for the rest of the world, I can tell you, from Latin America, it is expensive. It is something that it's a barrier. So batches and tokens, that's how we want to reward our community goals. The community would gather information in two ways, in a human and in an automated fashion. In the human gathering, we did a very small survey, and we want your help to expand the reach of this survey. The survey was translated to 10 languages. After the first two traditional name and email, we have six questions, very simple six questions. What is your occupation, what field of interest, what experience you have with blockchain, what level of expertise you think you have. What are the learning sources that you know or you have used? Your willingness to continue working in this community, whether you would like to chat, talk, communicate with others. And last, what have been the difficulties, the hurdles that you have faced? Translated to Chinese, to Hindi, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian, Arabic, Japanese, and Russian. We're still missing Indonesia. That's the only translation we couldn't do. When we have that translation, we'll have the five continents of the globe. So, we sent this with the help of Hyperledger. We've had just the beginning of the responses, not too many, but enough. We want your help to reach as many Hyperledger meetup groups and blockchain communities that we may know of. What did we find from the beginning of the responses? First, that we're still working with English and Spanish. The other languages, the regions of those other languages have not reached yet. Then only 44, but it's about half, have had an experience in blockchain. And the experience is on the lower side. People with initial experience are the people that are approaching us for learning resources. What are the learning resources that they have recommended? Mainly platforms, YouTube, and Internet. These are the three quarters of the total learning and Internet. These are the platforms that they wrote in the answers. Some small numbers work with chats, with books, with universities, or follow a specific guru that knows about the field. The interesting thing on the lower right hand is that 100% of all respondents want to be involved and want to continue in this trip. Now, this is the survey we asked your help to reach as many as we can. What are we doing with the automation? Well, the automation we want to enumerate digital resources with two instruments, a taxonomy and the web quality. The taxonomy is a conceptual map, a conceptual map for the initial zodiac of our constellations. I know it's impossible to read. Okay, so I'll go very fast towards the structure. Basically, it has seven branches. It talks about places of learning. It talks about levels and types of education, skills and competencies of education, fields of learning, learning resources, evaluation, and it points the way to use cases. We haven't developed use cases yet. And so if we go, I'm going to go very fast because you will be able to have the presentation and look in detail. We'll go to the detail places of learning as we saw their learning platforms, universities, academies, what happened. You know, the skills, the education level and types, we're using standards as much as possible from other people that have worked in the field. And there's a paragraph with the credits for you to read. In this case, it's that comes from UNESCO international standard of levels of learning. We have skills. We also have jobs that are being defined and accepted in the industry. And this relate to BC employee that Bobby would tell you about quite soon, but also paths of learning. Everyone expressed in the questionnaire the need to to be guided in a path in a path of learning or to start what to follow where to go. Okay, learning resources, their courses have seminars and tutorials. But if we go to the right side, the right side is for the fields of learning. And we are working with two taxonomies. One is the DLT system anatomy that was presented in the Global Forum in Basel 2018, I remember. So for instance, you have the protocol layer, the network layer and the data layer. Each of those at subdivide for, you know, components, communication, transactions, operations, and each of those in themselves have further fields of knowledge. This is the anatomy of the LT. If we go to blockchain, the taxonomy, the credit is down down below, the taxonomy also relates to consensus and sectioned capabilities, security and privacy, identity management, native currencies and tokens, rewarding systems, extensibility, what have you. But as we proceed and develop the branches and the nodes of this taxonomy, we are describing the fields of education for DLT and for blockchain. Also, we have links to build these two broads categorizations. We need a hardware and infrastructure layer, we need the data layer, network layer, consensus layer, application, presentation, business model and entrepreneurship. So we have on the left side, the structure of learning, and on the right side, we have the fields of learning. At the center we can evaluate, we can evaluate standards in general, places of learning, learning resources, a skill acquisition and certificates. So, taxonomy is our conceptual framework for cognitive searches. We can get any of these nodes and ask the query to the crawler so that we get a response that is structured within a conceptual framework. Framework for concepts in cognitive search. Now, once we have these two results from human and machine gathering, then the community will validate. The community will validate and filter, but it's an ontology, a structured view of the world for the field of DLT and blockchain learning. And that ontology would be represented in a graph database that has a vehicle, the knowledge graph, to traverse that universe. Shen Minggan was the mentee, and we have to give credit to him that suggested working with knowledge graphs from the very interview that I had with all potential mentees at the beginning of this project. And he said, we have to go the way of the knowledge graph. And he did, with his help, he began this initial structure, okay, where he had seven courses, three places of learning, both fields, levels, relationships, what have you. Fortunately, at the middle of July, he had a car accident, has to be at the hospital, he's recovering, and we hope he does recover fully and quickly. But he had to step out of the project, we're giving him the recognition he deserves here. And it was kind enough, and a strong team member, and I said, I'll take, I'll take Shen Ming's side also, and he works now also the knowledge graph. And this is what a mid build. This is all the notes. These are all the notes of the taxonomy, but expressed as an ontology as a relationship between different fields. You sum in, okay, for instance, this are the jobs. Okay, this are the jobs that are defined. And Bobby presented them in the first session of DC and Floyd. And here they are included in the ontology in the conceptual frame. If you look on the other side on a more theoretical aspect or research if you want, or just to know what learning is about this would be the side of the consensus map for blockchain in general. I know you cannot read the details, but it isn't the presentation. So we have five steps, a community survey automation, validation and knowledge. But this five steps are cycles that repeat over and over. We want the cycles to run as many times as possible, and or as needed for us to evolve in the recognition of patterns in the universe of blockchain and DLC educational opportunities. For instance, we ran a web query of just three notes, places of learning, learning platforms, and this is what we got. Okay, and this is what edX has for the courses. We transformed the taxonomy. And as you can see, on the lower part, you can see but you cannot read. You have the 21 courses that appear in that search, but structured, structured within learning resources. And eventually this list of learning resources would grow, grow, grow, grow, and at the upper top, on the left you have the places of learning and the type of learning. And on the right you would always have for each course, you know, the map of the anatomy of PLT and blockchain. So the courses of edX become organized into database. And we define, selected, distilled from the info, the properties that are shared by all the courses. And it's written on the right. And beyond the name, the URL, and the place of learning is the cost and structures, what it includes. Hours of course, material, weeks of online courses, months when access is available to online, the rating, if it has it, or the rating that the community might assign or help us assign from the user's experience. So at this level that you need to have in order to, to better profit from the course. Who is it for? What would you learn? What would it prepare you for? The outline syllabus or whatever format, each course decides to represent its contents, the prerequisites, and the learning paths where that course belongs to. Amit would explain to you now, the technical details for making a better sense of graph. Amit, I'll give the microphone to you. Hello everyone, I'm Amit and I've been a mentee at Hyperleger from the mentorship program for this year. And it's been an absolutely awesome working experience till now. I'm supposed to explain the technical details about the project. So let's go. On the next slide, we'll see what is a graph. Before we start to understand how a knowledge graph is made, we need to first understand what a knowledge graph is. The knowledge graph at the end of the day is a graph and a graph is an abstract data structure in terms of computer science. While working with them as difficult at times, the explanation for a graph is pretty straightforward. It's a collection of nodes and links. Nodes are the resource points and the links are the relationship describers between nodes. Basically, nodes and relations come together to form a graph. The background of this slide, as you can see, is the knowledge graph that we currently have available. It contains roughly 300 nodes and a lot more relationships. From this point onwards, I'll try to address them as links. So whenever I say links, it means relationship between two nodes. On the next slide, I'll try to go into more detail into what is a node and what is a link. The easiest way for me to define nodes and links is to give an example and explain that example. I'd like to use this example of a father and daughter relationship example. How would a person try to model the data between a father and a daughter in a graph database? The father and daughter would be two nodes and these two nodes would have their node properties. For example, name, age, education, profession, other human qualities as properties and links would be relationships. For example, a daughter D would have the relationship of his daughter with father F and the father would have the relation of his father with the daughter D. This would have its relationship detailed inside the links and then going forward, you could also define what a link property should be. For example, the relation property would have qualities such as love, compassion and other human emotions. Moving forward onto the next slide, once we have all of this data modeled into a graph, we need some way to visualize it. As you can see on the left, this is one of the most common and the most easiest types of graph visualization methods. It simply shows nodes as circles and the relationship between them as the line connecting these circles. It can be a line, it can be an arrow depending upon the nature of the relationship. This is one of the most intuitive visualizations in my opinion but I am also exploring other types of visualizations on the background. The main aim of this project was to create a virtual place where the whole blockchain community can interact with this knowledge graph that we are creating. We need a place to host this graph safely so that every person can benefit from it. The simplest and the most straightforward way I have come to conclusion along with the team is to host a website. Now let's talk about the choice of hosting that website in the next slide in which we will discuss the stack choice. We have gone with Neo4j as the backend database where everything will be modeled, stored and curated. We are using Next.js for the business logic and the front end, the client side things. Both of them have amazing advantages which I will go over right now. Neo4j is a graph database. It's tailored for specific use cases exactly like knowledge database and it has a very free data modeling system. You don't need to first define a schema. You can do everything and change everything on the fly. Although there are some restrictions but it's pretty free in terms of data modeling and this will come in handy when you have very different nodes. There's also this Cypher query language which is used to query the whole database. It's very easy and intuitive when working with graphs to use Neo4j. Apart from this, one of the biggest advantages for developers who are going to be working on this is that it has excellent documentation support right now. For the Next.js, one of the main biggest reasons that I've chosen Next.js is for server-side rendering, SSR. It has many benefits like data security. It has reduced page load times. You can predict performance beforehand. You can have fewer cross compatibility issues between browsers so we can ensure a lot of audience does not face any problems when they visit the website. And apart from this, there's also this main big advantage that it's very popular within the JavaScript community and the front-end community. And this also has a great documentation support which translates into an awesome developer experience. As you can see that little yellow guy over there are the developers like me who are going to have an awesome time working with these technologies. Both of these technologies currently have a fairly low barrier to entry and are extremely easy to get started with. This will help later on in the project phase where we have to maintain the project. I really do hope that people come from these talks and would like to contribute to this project in terms of development and the data curation aspect. Personally, I'd be really happy to work with you guys and girls. Where are we now? So on the next slide we'll see where are we currently in terms of development progress right now. What we have currently is a populated and deployed Neo4j database. Currently, we have also defined a skeletal structure for the knowledge graph. And I've also gone ahead and started to implement a force-directed visualization for the knowledge graph. It's the earlier example of visualization that I showed. The main aspects that I want to work going forward are interactivity in terms of adding features that safeguard the database so that no one can just come and drop the whole database or things like that. You don't want the whole database to be completely curatable for everybody else. So that's the reason why we have created four roles and have authorization in that aspect. We are working on it and going forward I have also plans for internationalization, accessibility and much more. The problems that I expect to solve in the next slide are the interactivity and the data curation workflow streamlining. So when it comes to interactivity with the knowledge graph, currently what we do is interact with the whole knowledge graph in terms of Cypher query language. We have to write queries in order to get certain nodes and the relationships between them and fiddle with queries in order to interact with the whole database, which is not something that a normal user is expected to do. And I want to make it so that every user, regardless of they even know Neo4j, like you might not know Neo4j and you'll still be able to interact with the database and play with it and learn from it. This includes features and implementing these kinds of features which will promote interactivity and open up the database to more and more audience. A good example of a feature like this would be a search bar or a form or a piece of text to fill out for node informations. And I'm open to suggestions if you have any extra interactivity features that you'd like to help me. As for the data curation workflow streamlining, what we are currently doing is that input all the information that we are able to gather in an Excel sheet and then have that Excel sheet be parsed and converted into a bunch of queries and we run those queries and then the knowledge database gets created. But going forward, I'd also like to streamline that. And these are the current two problems that I'm facing, but there will be and there might be other problems going ahead, but we'll face them and these are the ones that we're currently focusing on. So that's it for the technical slides. If anyone has any questions, I'm ready to take them after the whole presentation is done. I'll now let Alfonso speak. Thank you, Amit. So, our plan again, community survey, automation, community knowledge graph, over and over again. What we will achieve, a thriving community, diverse and interested in learning resources, a knowledge graph to help navigate our mentality and a global directory with learning resources. What's our call to action? Please help us expand the reach of the survey. Answer the survey, please. And afterwards, contribute to ontology and taxonomy. Contribute to the continuous development of our knowledge graph and help us create the results. If we do this, you would be finding in those knowledge graphs, your own constellations. You would be defining your searches would become constellations, mythical constellations, and the sum of all of your constellations would be our cartography. Our cartography of the universe of blockchain and the LT education opportunities. These are the links to our project page to our working group. And the survey, which is the entry, the entry point for our community and our two person of coordinates. Thank you very much, John, Bobby, and all of you for your kind attention. And let's go to Q&A. Yeah, that was a perfect presentation Alfonso and Amit. I really appreciate it. And the thing I would like to do is Amit in that presentation or Alfonso. There were a couple other links for the learning materials working group and for the project. And if you could maybe just post those into the chat. That would be super helpful to the group. And then the other thing that I'd recommend everyone who's joined the call today is go ahead and open up the link that Bobby provided earlier. And please do take that survey in the language of choice that you want. And the more data that we can capture by the survey, the better off we're able to support this project. So I'm going to see if there's specific questions coming from the chat. Otherwise I have quite a number of questions to ask the team here. One of the things that I was really excited to see is really, you know, reaching out to the global community Alfonso and Amit and having the survey available in so many languages really was a win. And I would say anyone on this call if there's additional languages that you'd like to see added to the survey. Or if they would want to even help with I think you had mentioned Indonesian as a language that you're looking to have made a part of the survey. They can definitely, you know, reach out to you or Amit and I'm sure you'll be able to update that survey based on that feedback. Okay, so I'm receiving responses for Korean. Yeah, Korean perfect. And that's the wonderful thing about the hyperledger community and the learning materials working group, and the great work that you know, both Alfonso and Bobby has led the way in is really, you know, bringing on these additional languages and making sure that all of the hyperledger content is available to the international community in their language of choice. So please, please leave it in the chat. Yeah, a way to connect for for all the languages or suggestions. Okay. If you want to write a mail to me and also so I'll give you the links. One of the things that you brought up Alfonso in your presentation I think was very relevant is, you know, allowing international diversity and inclusion by talking about the tokens and talking about the badges in the learning materials working group. And I would definitely like to hear much more about that because I'll give you this example. I know that the edX classes are free, generally. When we look at the global spectrum and you talk about the cost outside of the US, we want to make sure that those are available to everyone. And by having you know, let's say a token economy or badges available. It might be a way to really support the international community by being able to use those type of devices to, you know, pay for the real information that comes if you decide to do that so I guess I'll turn it over to both Alfonso and Bobby to talk a little bit about that. Well the idea comes from the issue of inclusion. Okay, we've been trying to include as many people as possible. We are an open source community. So an open source that's interested in this intermediation of trust. Okay, in two words, that's what the whole blockchain DLT is about to this intermediate trust. To do that, we cannot impose the language or restrict an economic level of access. So language is a way to include, but finance is also a way to include. And I can see it here in Yucatan where I live, or many places as a UN consultant, seen it in Africa and India, in all the, what's now politically correctly called the Global South. When I was younger was called the developing countries. Okay. So the Global South. What is an economic fee for the US of $200. It's a lot of money. It's a lot of money, not only for students, but also for professionals. Okay. $200 is a well paid monthly salary in Yucatan month. So besides eating, who's going to pay for it. So if part of this project is to facilitate the engagement of everyone, a multiple eyes to look. Why don't we reward the vision of those eyes? And why don't we use those rewards for the same teachers and learning platforms to know that they are being promoted, used in the best sense of the world. And ask them for scholarships or have employers look at profiles.  That's your profile for an employer. I see I see you. I actually have a question. So learning facility, and I have filled out your survey, but now I'm overhauling my classes because in blockchain you have to do that every 20 minutes. How do I get that information to do I retake the survey or do I like how do I update my information. The survey is just the entry point. We are going to have a series of interactions. Okay, there would be a way for everyone. The survey is if you entered the survey. We know that you are interested. Okay, we have 70 something people interested. So that's our initial community. For instance, we already have a knowledge graph and a taxonomy to share with those seven. So we have to send them that information. Once we have the website, it would be displayed there. Okay, but then we would have another ways of how do you add a note. How do you change the taxonomy. Do you want to prune a branch. Do you want to grow a branch.  Okay, so there has to be more, more ways of interaction. Remember, this is just a three month project. Okay, we have two months and less than one more to go. What do we want to have, we want to have enough interest in the hyper logic community for this project to continue. Okay, and in the continuation of the next phases of this project, answer what you're asking, and a much more questions that would definitely arise from from the community. And that's what we want. We want queries questions contestants, we, we, but because we have now the tools to to manage and integrate the knowledge that comes from that debate. Thank you and thank you for this hard work it's unbelievable what you guys have accomplished in two months. Yeah, I'll second that for sure. I think the meat and Alfonso, you've done a wonderful job on this project. And what I really want to ask the community here is, how can they help you to continue the great work here are their avenues for them to connect with you that are going to be better, or what do you need from a resources standpoint to really to make this flourish. So first, answer the survey will get you register as as interested member of the community, then will communicate while the website is is built. Okay, will communicate through emails, but once we have the website ready. That was where the interactions. I think it was explaining to you. That's what the interactions would be. What are we asking you to help us with survey. Answer the survey, enter the community, and be aware that will allow you will ask you to contribute to the taxonomy and the ontology and the knowledge graph.  Let me answer that. Sorry, but maybe he's the one that's that's been suffering. No, no, that's not the case at all. It's been a great learning opportunity. I've been, I've been working a bit for the last few weeks, but that's aside. This is because I want to get the website up and running by the middle of this month, and we are part way there, and just a bit more. Yeah, it's been a big learning opportunity. And I'm really glad I came to know about this whole opportunity and this whole community that's inside from like my personal previous experience has been completely towards the front end application and JavaScript development community and this is something that I've just gotten into because of this mentorship program and it's been a, it's been a big pleasure working with Alfonso. Being a part of learning material group and everything. It's, it's awesome. Yeah, it is awesome. And I think, you know, a lot of this. Excuse me, John. Excuse me for interrupting, but I also want to recognize Shen Ming. Shen Ming was with us. Six weeks of the 12. Okay. And he was also awesome. When we had, we asked for two, because we thought it was a big project. We didn't realize how big it was. And how big it is. But I want to recognize his contribution. No, and I wanted to tell him through this channel that we all wish him to recover fully as soon as possible. Absolutely. And I know Alfonso from talking to you how much effort he put forth on the project and it's just one of those challenges of life that he's dealing with now. But let's definitely recognize that contribution and hopefully he has a speed recovery and can get back and engaged in the project. Something that I'd like to say is that if you're a developer who has earlier worked with Neo4j or next year's either of them, please do get in touch with me. I've dropped my mail in the chat. I'd like to have a chat with you. Yeah, that's great. And I think one of the things I was just going to mention Alfonso was just the international collaboration I see occurring in hyper ledger is really great to see. Maybe you can just talk a little bit about that, you know, since we've been dealing with a lot of these virtual events I've felt great international collaboration. But even from your perspective, Alfonso, maybe you can talk a little bit about, you know, global mentorship, because I think that's a huge win for hyper ledger. Yes, I think the pandemic and the lockdown really unlocked us. Okay, it gave us not only a way, but also a wish to connect. And at least from our side, we've seen this as an opportunity to get out of the lockdown, much more deeply connected. And the deep connections that we do miss and we do need the human physical connection. That's a given. But the virtual connection, for instance, for Latin America, it allowed 10 meetup groups from nine countries to come together into the form of a chapter. And that was at the time where when David Boswell and the hydro ledger community was recognizing the convenience and the importance of regional chapters. What happens in regions is like in Latin America, we are all like cousins, even though in Mexico we call the you Americans cousins. Okay, you know, the cousins to towards Latin America. It's like going to the house of aunts and aunts, no uncles and aunts. They are familiar, but they're different. Okay, they're similar if they have the family culture, but each house is is a world in itself. So the importance of differences and similarities create a synergy that is extremely powerful. And that's what chapters do help with. Okay, we put together the Latin America chapter and immediately the first thing was that there are so many people you wouldn't believe regardless of high social economic levels that do not speak English. A few of us have been fortunate to study in the States. Okay, and to go to the movies and not having to read the subtype, but just enjoying, you know, the natural speech of actresses and actors. And a lot of the people have to read. Okay, and a lot of the movies now are being dubbed into Spanish for a very sad reason children do not read. So they cannot follow the subtitles. So the first thing we did at the Latin American chapter was to have the first free Spanish course of hypermetrophobia. We had a success. We had 1500 attendees. Okay, it can be improved. Of course, it could be better of course. Okay, but we saw the importance of the language. I began to contact the other groups in high school lecture is not only Spanish, but there are nine languages, 10 languages that are being curated by different groups. And that is an amazing group. And they have a standard army, I call it of 200 translators. Okay, and they've been doing it for two years translating the hyper later fabric documentation into into Chinese. It's another work, and it's all related to inclusion. It's inclusion of of similar diversity of finding barriers that have to be lower finding fences that have to be open. Okay, in terms of language in terms of of finance. I mean, we cannot be talking about a tokenized economy, not only the centralized but this intermediate. While, you know, concentrating resources one way or another. So that's that's why I'm passionate about that. And she has a really nice question here. She says, I'm curious about the usability for the general public. I mentioned a translation between Excel and hyper ledger can explain on that. So, there was a slide where I was talking about the data duration workflow that we have currently, and a big part of it is that the first input all the information in Excel file, then grab the CSV from that, and then use a very simple program to convert rows and columns into a query format, and that query format is in Cypher query language. And once I feed that to the terminal, it gets converted into the actual knowledge graph. The end goal is to be able to at least be able to show off that knowledge graph on a particular website. And that is the website I'm currently working on, and part of it is done. But as soon as I have the crucial main pieces of interactivity added, I'll be deploying that website as soon as possible. That's a nice question. That's exactly what I'm working on right now. So that the general public, regardless of whether they know all of the stuff regarding Neo4j or next year, so everything else, they should be able to interact with the knowledge graph and be able to learn how can expect someone who's already not a specialized person in a particular Neo4j to be able to learn and catch up on blockchain. That's that's that's not how things work. It should be that it's very easy to use and it does not require any prior experience so that you can learn and interact with the database. So yeah, I'm working on that right now. And hopefully it's done by the middle of this month. Not a block. So she asks again, if I understand you correctly, you are changing the Excel to a database and then to a blockchain. No, the taxonomy is about DLT and blockchain related stuff to be fairly inclusive of everything else. What we're trying to do is convert the Excel CSV files into nodes and try to establish relationship between the nodes ourselves. So when you say that you're converting Excel to a database what we're basically doing is converting Excel files into part graph database and then we are completing that graph database by defining the individual linkages and the relationships ourselves. So that's what we're doing. We are defining the nodes and then we are defining the links right now. We are defining it's a taxonomy is a conceptual framework. Okay. And that's why it's been represented as a mind map. Okay, it's just a series of concepts that are relevant to understanding a field of knowledge. And they are structured as a tree. But they are concepts. It's a conceptual framework. And that tree can be represented graphically as you saw it in the screen, but also it can be represented as as a file and represented as a file. It has been stored in Excel. But then you can turn that file into a knowledge graph. A knowledge database where the concepts that only exist, but you can specify relationships between countries. So the tree are all the issues. The tree is just a classification. The knowledge graph adds relationships to those nodes. And you can add as many relations as you wish as the community wish. And so that it's what's called the ontology that's the general understanding common understanding for consensus of what the field is about. Eventually we'll have, you know, direct applications in blockchain. The tokens would be one of that. The profiles will be one of that. Now the participation in for the roles in the community, but taxonomy and knowledge graph are two conceptual instruments. They are like the observatories that I showed at the beginning. You know, in Egypt, Stonehenge, India, you know, and Italian telescopes. There are instruments, but they're also constellation. It's just a collective imagination, putting some content on top of the stars. It's sort of the Taurus, the zodiac sign and Taurus. That was born in May. Okay, and then 19, then comes Gemini. That doesn't exist. But it's there. It allows me to see the V of Taurus in the sky. It's something we add in our collective minds to structure that constellation of scattered information in the web. Otherwise, if you want to learn, you have to be on your own. You have to be alone. You cannot have the health of others. And you do searching for nuggets or golden nuggets. Now, how do you compare if your nuggets are big or small? Now, how do you know if you're digging for the right metal concept? Okay, so we are many steps before writing an actual blockchain system. We are structuring a way for a community to structure knowledge. It's just meta, meta work. It's foundational work. Even before mining, we're just looking for where to gather the stones to build a stone hinge. And they are as weighty as those. Alfonso, thanks for that wonderful wrap up there. We're now at the top of the hour. So we should bring this to a close. Any final comments Alfonso or Amit, before we wrap up? Thank you very much. I just wanted to say something. I'd like to say something. If you're interested, you could get in touch with me through Amit. I'll be glad to explain everything to you. If that's okay. Me too. Perfect. I'll also say to Bobby, you want to just mention the next employment session that's coming up for Princeton. That would be great to hear as well. Myself, let me unmute myself. Okay, so the next session. Let me see is the Princeton session and that's going to be on August 12th, Thursday night. And then it's followed by the job fair on August 24th. These are the gentlemen along with myself that are putting this on. And the first one was Johns at Denver, and we discussed blockchain jobs that are available. The next one and educational paths that will get you to those jobs. Then we also the next one we discussed from corporations like Google what they want in employees. And the Princeton one, we talked about your hiring plan. What it looks like. And then the last one, actually, I'm going to stop my share. The next one is the Princeton. And again, that's going to be about marketing yourself what it's like to brand yourself. Do you need a LinkedIn? What does your resume look like? What skills and qualities are people looking for? And I believe John's going to be on my panel for that one. And other, I think he has some other companies coming. So please join us for the next one on Thursday and next Thursday. And then the wrap up will be again at the end of August with a big job fair. Thank you. Everyone have a wonderful day and thanks for joining this great session. Take care.


Good morning all of you. Thank you. So, we will now go to the second part of our series in the serial innovation domain. It is very interesting that when does serial innovation happen? It happens when you are in the same product segment, that is same product, you are doing innovation every 10 years or every 5 years depending upon how the product is going forward. Today, we are going to discuss the bullet dispenser which is center part, which is the big you know what I show you as the bigger product. Though the z-line was so successful it you know swarmed the market, all the petrol pumps showcased the z-line petrol pump. So, what happened? How could you actually upset that or how could you offset that and come up with another product? It is a very important lesson for us and please see how this happened. In fact, when I was doing it, it was like research for me. I was doing research in this area to see how I can come up with a methodology for innovation. So, same products you know across different timelines and you are taking you to the next level of innovation. So, here why I am showing you this serial innovation is specifically because finally, it is the users at the multiple levels of users, how they are actually accepting your product and how they are demanding and requesting for your product. So, that is the part. So, our last see you know part 2 is the connection with petrol pumps. So, very interesting thing happened. Once this z-line was very popular and you know like it was already 6 to 7 years and I got an offer to join as faculty in IIT Delhi to start a new program in design. So, I accept this offer. I moved from Larson and Tubro to academics and then it started doing a lot of programs for industry on telling them how creativity is important for engineering, how you know innovation methodologies are critical, how design thinking is very important of making those wonderful models to understand design details. So, while doing all that the competitors head of R&D was in one of my exposure workshops for industrial design. So, here for example, when I was looking at all these research and documentary found that there is a life to a product. So, it is ethical if you start working on a new design in the same domain after the lifespan of that product is over. So, the lifespan given to the z-line pump was 6 years and it was already 8 years when Midco came to me. So, we said please come we will work on this project. So, he sent his CEO of the company here. The top anime support is very important because you know the innovation process it is a very expensive process right. The expenses build up while you go in the process the idea and design phase is not very expensive. Whereas the prototyping phase and the mass production phase is very expensive and just imagine when a company is not doing well will they have enough money? The CEO of the company was in the family business. So, he took you know special loans and said I have to spring back and I have to work with the best in the country including collaborations for various engineering components and we will do spring back. So, this Mr. Rup Chatterjee was the CEO of the company came back to IIT and said you have to work with us. Now that you are a faculty you should work with us and you should produce a pump. They didn't say at that time that you should you know replace the z-line or whatever. They said you have to design a pump so that we also can be in the market. All on the same framework what I learnt in LNT remember I was very clear contemporary materials understand users to the best possible way bring in up creative ideation at every stage let it be manufacturing technology creative ideation is a must. So, these three pillars were used every time. So, we use the same three pillars again for this process. So, we took it as a student project and we you know started the journey. Now look at what Midco was selling. This was what they were selling before the z-line came up. This was three years ahead of the z-line and after z-line came up nobody was buying this pump. Our electronics was superlative our shape was phenomenally new our manufacturing was excellent our quality control was very very good and cost was low. Cost was low because we designed for low cost sort of production. Every part of the Sunflower model that Petals I showed you were excellent. So, this pump could not compete. So, when compared to z-line you're seeing that the Midco is a very small company one hundredth or one thousandth of the size of Lasallity bro and what are the advantages it was a single product company. They had no other business other than Petal pumps and they came to Petal pumps after manufacturing gas cylinders. We need three important things when new company comes in. You need to have investment in manufacturing investment in human resource and biggest challenge is that human resource for design was very difficult to get and then we looked at you know customers were far more demanding over the years. So, it already eight years since we did the z-line and a lot of things changed in eight years and remember I was telling you about giving you the example of laptops last time. Every year we're getting laptops which are better cheaper much more capable than your early laptops. The same phenomenon after ten years a lot of things changed. So, we need to look at everything in a new way. So, like luckily as soon as we started the work the company was very aggressive. See you all know innovation happens in war like situations Midco completely out of market starving. So, now like you know within IIT luckily one of my students agreed to do this project Manoj Dubey he was my student at that time in IIT Delhi. He was a third of the fourth batch of design program over there. So, Manoj took up this case. We use the same formula of ideation, how we took inspiration, how we made multiple small models, how we did CAD modeling. Today I am going to discuss the management and the collaboration issue more in this because all others are constant whereas in the z-line I didn't talk about that much because the L&T had all the structures inside very well. What happens when the designer joins the company you get tremendous amount of synergy to take the project forward. So, Manoj Dubey had a joined the company with Midco. Then the Midco started a new department in design. So, when you are doing innovation sometimes your old human resource is not good enough for you. You have to bring completely new people. So, Midco completely hired new sort of staff, new staff for doing design CAD modeling because all they didn't know how to use CAD to take products forward. So, this is completely a new setup outside where the designer supposed to be taking care of.


However, if you put the invoice in, you got the receipt payment and you recorded the deposit already or you made a sale at a cash register, recorded the deposit and then the customer comes back and says, hey, reverse this or I'm going to tweet at you something bad or something and you're like, okay, then you got to possibly issue them the money back at that point in time, which means that you could use like a check form. But that's when we talked about last time that you can issue them the refund receipt.


of the United States and to Mr. Reagan. It means that General Secretary Gorbachev and subsequent events, there is as I would explain ample reason for optimism. Whatever progress is made, it will be based on the solid foundation Germans and Americans have built together, particularly in the last half decade. This was to zero, globally, thus called the zero watch. Building on the diplomacy of interceding years, as well as the deployment of our crews in Persians, General Secretary Gorbachev achieved in Reykjavik. And it should not escape anyone's attention that the Soviet Union and the United States are now seriously talking about reducing offensive weapons, permitting the building of more missiles and more warheads. And the next agreement has finally reached for the Soviet Union. And I say when, not if, it's what called and the other leaders of the western democracies. Under intense pressure, they did what was necessary, held firm and because of their fortitude, the free world is now, and the flow of history is now on the side of the free. We in the west are now engaged in a great technological revolution in medicine, electronic states, our allies and yes, even our adversaries, if need be. A purely defensive system that makes these missiles ineffective also makes them more negotiable. A defensive system makes an arms reduction agreement more likely because it offers protection against cheating, dances of its own. Technology can open up new doors to peace and security. That's what our strategic defense initiative is all about. The time has come to re-channel the pleasure to welcome Chancellor Helmut Kohl, a partner, a colleague and a friend. Excellency, meine sehr verehrten Damen und Herren. Mr. President, Mrs. Reagan, ladies and gentlemen. President ich danke Ihnen, auch im Namen meiner Frau, indem ich begleitende Delegation sehr, sehr herzlich für diesen freundlichen und so warm herzlichen Empfang bei Ihnen in Washington. Ich freue mich, dass ich wieder hier sein kann und ich denke, dieser wunderbare Herzlichen unseres Völker. Let me thank you in my own name and on behalf of my wife and my delegation for the friendly and warm welcome you have extended to us. I am delighted to be in Washington again and I feel that this wonderful and a particular pleasure, Mr. President, to see you again, a good friend of our country and an esteemed personal friend. Es ist das siebende Mal, dass wir uns treffen seitlich das Abend des Bundeskanzlers and governments. And in addition we have often been in contact, consulting each other by letter or telephone and I would like to take this opportunity here to express my appreciation and my great gratitude for this trustful cooperation. I thank you for this. Thank you very much for your time. We in the Bundeskanzler, the President of the United States of America have rediscovered some concepts and regained the spirit of the President of the United States. As in the past, these are the products that will enable the American nation to master In order to properly compare them, all the citizens will be Lord Clinton and Martin, the United States of America, and America. This is California. It's not like a meeting. At no August. When our Congress goes home in recess, we will be there. When the parliament is here. We go to the force every day. What? President, on what basis are you going to get a chance for a call for the optimism that we talked about outside and the possibilities of reaching? This way please. This way please. Thank you. This is it. This is it. Please see you all. I think our close personal relationship has helped enhance the thing. U.S. and my federal republics bilateral relations. I assume that perhaps maybe like your few words about Reykjavik. We don't think the East-West relations are going to change overnight. But we think it did lay the foundation for us in the process of basic change. This really is the first time that Soviets have ever proposed reducing the number of their weapons. And they chose not to go forward with the potential far-reaching agreements. We made good progress in all fours of the agenda, especially arms control. And I think I should point out there we talked about a number of things including human rights and so forth. And I took the opportunity to answer to address the question of repatriating Germans wanting to return to the wrong country. Of course, we don't get an immediate answer, but he did listen and the note-taker was taking notes. But the case is earnestly as I put it. We are picking up where we left off, instructions have gone to our Geneva delegation to Moscow Embassy.


Listen, buddy, I know I'm prettier than your wife, but you can stop looking at me, alright? Many people are curious about the addition of carbohydrates to a ketogenic or carnivore diet for athletic performance as well as muscle growth. This is understandable as just about every single professional athlete is consuming a diet that has a high presence of very readily available carbohydrates. We have to consider the human digestive system before jumping into this. The body is only capable of digesting so many macronutrients at once, carbohydrates, fats and proteins. We produce enzymes and digestive juices, but that amount is not unlimited. So when thinking about maximum performance, the thing to hypothesize is how much of each of these macronutrients can the body absorb? Is there carbohydrate digestive capability that is not being utilized when you remove carbohydrates from the diet? This ties into glycemic index, basically how quickly a food is absorbed and spikes your blood sugar, but this is fairly irrelevant mainly because carbohydrates are usually consumed with proteins or fats slowing their digestion. What separates the high from the low glycemic foods is their ratio of starches. Amylose has a very compact physical structure, inhibiting digestion, making carbohydrate sources with amylopectin easier to digest. The more processed the grain, the higher the amylopectin will be, so short grain rice or sticky rice digest much faster than short grain rice and brown rice. From a traditional health standpoint, we are told to consume these slower digesting carbohydrates to avoid blood sugar spikes as well as increased satiation. But again, these foods are being consumed with fats and proteins, so it's arguable that you would just want something that is easier to digest in general. Starches are composed of sugar molecules as starches are polysaccharides. The ratio of these sugar molecules impacts how they are digested and processed. The predominant sugars are fructose, glucose and sucrose. If we take a look at this chart, we can see a large variance in the sugar content of carbohydrates. So the starch is consumed and then broken down by various enzymes, secreted by saliva, the pancreas as well as the small intestine. First, amylase breaks down the starches into sugars and then the corresponding sugar-digesting enzymes break down those sugars into glucose to be utilized by the body. Talking about the metabolism of these carbohydrates and sugars doesn't really seem to matter as what we want for athletic performance is the most available nutrients possible, preferably in the form of glucose because that is what our body utilizes. Three other starch or sugar needs to be converted into glucose to be utilized efficiently by the body and all of these starches like rice, sweet potatoes, oats all require an extra digestive step. It doesn't make sense to me to consume these starches when we can convert glucose from protein via gluconeogenesis or obtain glucose directly from things like fruit, honey and even supplemental powders. The only benefit to consuming these starches that require an extra digestive step might be something like rice that has a slightly lower fructose content but even then it's so marginal that the extra steps required in digestion would probably cause that to be a net loss. But all of these other starches like sweet potatoes, white potatoes, plantains, you name it, the glucose to fructose ratio is just about identical to fruit and honey. And as I said, these foods require an extra step in digestion to break down the starches. But what's the goal here? To restore our liver and muscle glycogen for physical activity. In general, for anyone not doing very intense exercise, there is no reason to consume starches or sugars from any source. But once we start pushing the body's limits, it becomes pretty clear that these foods can boost athletic performance compared to just protein and fat. So if you are training at a fairly high intensity or for a significant amount of time every day, sugars will restore glycogen faster compared to fat, protein or starches. Personally, my best performance was after drinking some goat's milk but I'm allergic and I think that was just because my heart was beating so fast as I was having an anaphylactic reaction to the goat milk. I've also noticed an increase in performance after using honey. It's very important to keep in mind though that this food needs to be consumed on an empty stomach without anything else.   I'm going to work out for like half an hour, 45 minutes and if I feel like I need some energy, maybe I'll have some honey in the middle or towards the end of the workout. You want to keep sugars and starches separate from the fats and the proteins. If you consume them together, you can cause gut issues, microbiome and balance, dysbiosis. That's what you don't want. You want your body to digest the starches and the sugars on its own and for those carbohydrates or sugars to be utilized before consuming the fats or the proteins. You have to understand that when your body is burning fat, if you consume sugar or carbohydrates, it will switch over to burn those sugar or carbohydrates first. I'll be doing more experimenting in the near future with this but the main point of this video was for me to say that I don't think white rice, sweet potatoes, oats, all of these commonly used starches are the best option for performance. They can certainly be consumed and enjoyed as part of a healthy diet but would not be ideal before or during a workout. I know I mentioned raw milk and honey and fruits but a lot of this stuff is anecdotal and subjective. You have to experiment yourself and see which pre-workout meals work for you. I've noticed that even having a steak before my workout can improve my performance. Let me show you guys what I've been doing lately. What I've noticed is that the honey takes 10, 15, 20 minutes to settle and digest in your stomach. So ideally you would consume this like 10 to 15 minutes before your workout or consume it, do a light warm-up and then workout. What I actually did today was since I had a meal, I did some sprints, I ran around a little bit and now I'm going to have the honey in the middle of my workout, then I'll do some more sprints, maybe hit the gym later. The amount of honey is pretty easy to gauge because what's going to happen is the honey's not going to taste sweet anymore. So you want to eat the honey very slowly. It usually ends up being anywhere from 2 to 4 tablespoons before a workout and that will be it. I do add salt to this sometimes. I don't have salt with me today. I've noticed that adding salt to the honey does aid in performance but it's very dehydrating. Both salt and honey draw moisture from the body. Here I just have some raw Italian honey. Raw honey actually has an enzyme in it that reduces insulin spikes but I would just get any type of local honey, raw is best. This is Italian orange blossom honey. And again what we're doing here is just getting an amount of glucose and fructose that our liver and our stomach can absorb efficiently in about 20 minutes. Honey is one of the few plant foods that's still in its natural wild state compared to a lot of other things we eat today. I'm going to do some sprints then I will probably head to the gym and I don't think I'm going to have a meal later. Maybe I will. But there's no need to have this honey more than once a day. You want to have it to increase the workout performance. You don't need it for muscle recovery. It's just for that extra boost before the workout or during the workout. If you guys could please like the video, subscribe, hit that bell icon and share the video if you can. If you guys would like to support me further definitely check out Frankie's Free Range Meat providing you guys with high quality nutrient dense animal foods at an affordable price. We have grass fed beef, organ meats, high quality raw cheeses. We just added Wagyu beef. Guys our prices on Wagyu beef are absolutely crazy. Definitely check it out. We do want to carry raw honey in the future. I'm just worried about shipping it so we might get our hands on some raw honey but it's going to have to be shipped with the perishable products. So thanks again for joining me guys and enjoy the rest of your week. I was like 10 feet away from that rabbit. I have no idea how to zoom in on my new camera. I'm not even sure if I can with my new lens but it looked like I was a lot further way than I actually was. I'm really surprised you know these animals let you get so close to them. It's pretty pretty unusual.