Hello, and welcome to this presentation of the STM32 Debug and Trace interface. It covers the debug and trace capabilities offered by STM32 WB devices. The STM32 WB incorporates all the familiar debug capabilities provided by the STM32 family of MCUs. Flash download, breakpoint debugging, register and memory view, and serial wire trace, and adds high bandwidth instruction trace as well as cross-triggering capabilities in multi-core versions of the STM32 H7 family. The debug and trace infrastructure uses the ARM CoreSight standard, well supported by most tool providers. The debug and trace infrastructure is composed of three distinct functional domains. Debug access infrastructure includes the debug port, SWJDP, and access ports, or AP, which allow access by an external debugger to the target's trace and debug features. Cortex-M0 Plus Core includes the processor and associated trace and debug units, DWT, BPU, and CTI. Cortex-M4 Core includes the processor and associated trace and debug units, DWT, FPV, ITM, ETM, TPIU, and CTI. In addition, there are system debug features including cross-trigger matrix, or CTM. Connects the CTIs to allow simultaneous halting of both cores, triggering of trace, etc. DBGMCU provides proprietary features such as freezing of timers during debug. External trigger input-output allows an external signal to trigger debug or trace, or generates a trigger pulse for synchronizing external equipment or components. Note that in STM32WB devices containing the secure root security services, the Cortex-M0 Plus debug unit is disabled. The minimum configuration for debug requires pins PA-13 and PA-14 to be allocated to serial-wire debug. SWDIO and SWCLK respectively. Serial-wire debug uses a special serial code driven by the debugger on the SWDIO or JTMS input. This is recognized by the SWJDP, which switches to SWD mode after reset JTAG mode is configured by default. ST-Link and most third-party debug adapters, for example U-Link, support serial-wire debug. Access Port AP0 allows access to the debug and trace features integrated in the Cortex-M4 processor core via its internal AHB bus as well as to the DBGMCU. Access Port A1 allows access to the debug and trace features integrated in the Cortex-M0 Plus processor core via its internal AHB bus. The single access ports enable dual CPU debugging. All debug-related registers in the Cortex-M0 Plus core are accessed via the dedicated AHB access port AP1. The ROM tables contain pointers to the base addresses of each debug component visible from the access port or AP. They are used by some debug tools to automatically detect the topology of the core site infrastructure in the target. The SCS or System Control Space contains the registers for controlling the processor core while in debug mode. The other units are described in the following slides. Note that there is no support for trace on the Cortex-M0 Plus processor core. All debug-related registers in the Cortex-M4 core are accessed via the dedicated AHB access port AP0. The ROM tables contain pointers to the base addresses of each debug component visible from the access port or AP. They are used by some debug tools to automatically detect the topology of the core site infrastructure in the target. The SCS or System Control Space contains the registers for controlling the processor core while in debug mode. The other units are described in the following slides. A data watch point or DWT comparator compares one of the following with the value held in its DWT comp register. A data address, an instruction address, a data value or the cycle count value for comparator zero only. For address matching, the comparator can use a mask so it can match a range of addresses. On a successful match, the comparator generates one of the following. One or more DWT data trace packets containing one or more of the address of the instruction that caused a data access. An address offset bits 15 to zero of the data access address or the matched data value. A watch point debug event on either the PC value or the access data address. Or a CMP match and event that signals the match outside the DWT unit. The Cortex-M0 processor core has eight comparators allocated to instruction fetch address matching. The Cortex-M4 processor core has six comparators for instruction fetch address matching and two for literal load address matching. In other words, data reads to code space. The latter can only be used for patching. Software can write directly to any of 32 by 32 bit instrumentation trace macro cell or ITM stimulus registers to generate packets. The permission level for each port can be programmed. When software writes to an enabled stimulus port, the ITM combines the identity of the port, the size of the write access, and the data written into a packet that writes it to a FIFO. The ITM outputs packets from the FIFO onto the trace buzz. Reading a stimulus port register returns the status of the stimulus register empty or pending in bit zero. If multiple sources generate packets at the same time, the ITM arbitrates the order in which packets are output. The sources are listed here in descending order of priority. In the STM32H7, the embedded trace macro cell or ETM is configured for instruction trace only. In other words, data accesses are not included in the trace information. The trace port interface or TPIU is only available from STM32WB packages supporting the parallel trace port. The single wire trace port or SWO is available from all STM32WB packages. The trace port width can be programmed from one to four pins. The bandwidth scales proportionally to the number of pins and the trace CLK frequency selectable via a divider in the RCC. By applying filters and triggers to the trace sources, ETM notably, the average amount of trace data can be reduced, allowing a lower clock rate or reduced number of pins. The trace SWO pin is multiplexed with the JTDO signal, which is part of the JTAG interface. Hence, single wire trace is only available when the serial wire debug or SWD interface is enabled. Cross triggering can be used in dual core devices to halt both cores simultaneously. When one core hits a breakpoint, its halted output, indicating it has entered debug mode, propagates to the other core and causes it to enter debug as well. Similarly, both cores can restart simultaneously. The cross trigger feature can also be used to halt the processor with an external trigger signal. This might be an edge on one of the IO pins. There is a cross trigger interface, or CTI, in each of the Cortex-M processors. To use any of the cross trigger features, the CTIs must be programmed accordingly by the debugger. The required trigger input signals, or Trig-IN-N, and trigger output signals, or Trig-OUT-N, need to be connected to the cross trigger matrix, or CT-M. The CT-M comprises up to four channels, allowing four different events to be propagated in parallel. Trigger inputs can be combined in the CTI so that any one of the combined inputs will cause an event on the connected channel. Similarly, a channel can be connected to several trigger outputs, so that one event can trigger multiple actions. The DBGMCU is located on the Cortex-M4 PPB bus and can be accessed by the debugger via the AHB access port AP0. It is also accessible by the Cortex-M4 software. The DBGMCU IDC register provides the device ID and revision codes in STM32 standard format. The information is also available in the debug port, or DP-TARGET ID register, accessible only to an external debugger. Low power mode emulation means that the debugger connection is not lost when entering low power mode. It eliminates the need to replace the low power entry command, for example WFI WFE, by a while loop. On exit, the device is in the same state as if the emulation was not active, apart from any changes made by the debugger during the low power mode emulation. Peripheral clock freeze is particularly useful to prevent a watchdog timeout from resetting the device while debugging, without having to rearm the watchdog with the debugger. It also allows timer values to be inspected and corresponding interrupts to be suspended until normal operation is resumed. The trace CLKEN bit ensures that the trace port output is only clocked when needed. This avoids unnecessary power consumption. On certain packages, the TRG-IN and TRG-OUT pins are not available, only the bidirectional pin is used, and the direction must be chosen using the TRG-OEN bit.


friends welcome to my channel in this particular lockdown this year I was reading a lot of research papers on how to study smartly study techniques memorizing techniques then I was also looking at certain toppers and how they have been studying in different fields and how they were able to succeed and I was surprised to know that a lot of techniques that came after reading these research papers were the ones which I used during my UGC net prep and I used them unknowingly I never knew that they were backed up with so much scientific evidence so when I was able to see that these techniques are working out for everybody and I have personally experimented with them and I have seen the results where I was able to clear UGC net in just one attempt using these techniques so I thought that why not share it with everyone out there so in this video I'm going to talk about six amazing techniques that can help you study smarter and crack UGC net in just one attempt now the video title is showing best study technique but the reason I'm not just going to share one technique because I believe all individuals are different and how can everybody study and succeed in the same way so what I have done instead is that I'm going to give you six techniques now you can either incorporate all of them in your study routine or you can test them one by one and then start using whichever works best for you so here I am with the very first technique so in order to understand the very first study technique you must understand that learning has two components one is understanding and one is memorizing right a lot of people have seen do either of these two things they don't do both of them together there are certain students who will understand every topic but will not memorize it in that case when they go and sit in the exam they are going to write a long paragraphs not use keywords not write appropriate things similarly if you are doing an mcq paper then in that case what you will do is you will remember what you have understood but you will not remember exactly because you have not memorized it and then there are certain students who would memorize who would ratify but will not understand now what trait I have seen in almost every topper is that they use both the aspects of learning they would memorize but before memorizing they will understand without understanding no learning can take place you have to understand a topic first after understanding you have to remember it remembering means memorization some people even call it ratta marna you can't understand ratta because it is such a big syllabus and questions are also not coming directly to confuse to make a twist they give you questions so unless and until you have not understood you will never be able to memorize properly so ensure that the first technique you use is that anything you study you first understand and then you also memorize don't just understand and leave the topic no you have to memorize it the next important study technique is study like a teacher ab jabhi pane ensure that you are studying as if you have to teach this topic to the entire world when I was preparing for my net exam every topic that I used to study I used to study as if this topic I will be teaching in future in a college in front of 100 students so I should know all the aspects of this topic that should be your approach so you just skip that paragraph no you have to make sure that you either google you ask your friends you do anything on this earth but you understand that paragraph it's a benefit or a reference whenever you study in depth kai baar aapko agar upri upri cheezhe yaad nahi reeti but because aapne uskai itna in depth mein study kiya hai wo links connect oke wo cheez aapko exam mein yaad aayi ki for example if I tell you that John Milton who was a famous English poet has written a work called aeropagitica now if I ask you this thing after two years will you remember the name of the work I don't think so but if I tell you that aeropagitica was written in 1643 jav licensing order paas hua licensing order yeh tha ki koi bhi book pamphlet ya magazine bina government ke permission aur copy ke publish nahi ho sakti it has to be proof read by government officials and only then it will be published now John Milton was a writer who opposed this in the work aeropagitica he said that you know whenever you are proof reading then in that case you might edit the information that we are saying against the government in that case you are violating our freedom of speech so he wrote this pamphlet and offered it to the lord protector of England who was Oliver Cromwell now now that I've given you so much background information I have given you certain other facts about aeropagitica after two years if I ask you there is a fair chance that you might remember something about this but if I've just told you that John Milton has written a word aeropagitica you will remember nothing so that is where studying in depth helps another important memorization technique is learning by making stories now before we talk about this in detail let me tell you a very very important scientific fact we remember three things very clearly stories locations and emotions so if you can attach all these three things or at least one of these three things in your study routine then you will not forget that information easily now let's come back and understand how can we make stories so whenever you are reading anything make sure that you highlight the key points and from those key points you try to make a story we all have learned kakha gaga da in our childhood do we remember it now if I ask you to write hindi alphabets in order will you be able to write the swarn mala in venjan mala you won't why because they were not backed up with a story but we all remember the planet's name why because we made a story my very educated mother so mercury venus earth mass what we did we took the initials and we tried to form a story and we remember all those planets in the order the same thing happened whenever you study so whenever you are studying just ensure that you highlight the keywords and by taking the keywords you make any story any fictional story you will remember it for example you are reading a writer tslit there are four works or four plays written by him now you take keywords from those four plays and you try to make a story suppose there's another writer who has written five novels that you have to learn in order highlight the five words and then try to make the story in that order it can be any story you can have a word like horse you can have a word like sea you can have a word like cloud in three novels so you can see that there is a horse standing near the sea and there's a cloud which is right above his face you made a story and this story is going to pictorial story that would fit inside your brain and you will be able to remember those three words in that picture and by remembering the three words you will remember the name of the place the next thing that we remember are locations have you ever observed that the place you go regularly you automatically are able to drive to that place even if consciously you're thinking about something else like I go to my Zumba class every day it's five kilometers from my house so whenever I'm going to my Zumba class and I'm driving I'm either listening to songs or a podcast or I'm either speaking to my teammates on phone and sometimes I reach my Zumba class and then I realize that oh my god I've traveled five kilometers and I did not even think about which direction to take the next turn because it has seeped inside my memory so much that I am going to do it unconsciously the same theory you have to apply when you study so whenever you are studying use the same set of notes in a paper when you are writing the name of the topic and then the sub points those sub points wherever they are written on the page those locations are imprinted in your memory so don't keep on changing the books study from the same book highlight the same things and study them repeatedly if you're making notes make sure you reread the notes again and again because the note locations wherever you have written different things that will get imprinted in your brain suppose there's a two side copy on one side you have written three works of a writer on other side you have written two works of the writer now if you have read this thing quite sometimes then in that case if I ask you that okay this particular work where was it written you will be exactly be able to tell me the location you will say on the left side towards the bottom margin this work was written this is how locations help you to remember things fast and for a longer period of time next is emotions use emotions whenever you are studying that doesn't mean you have to be angry or you have to cry when you are reading a chapter you have to associate different emotions with different topics for example you are studying a summary of a play now that play has got a lot of petrotic elements so why not draw a flag there so that you remember the theme of the play or suppose you are studying a topic which you hate why not draw a red colored angry icon showcasing that you hate this topic now whenever anger will come you will automatically understand and you know your brain will link it up to that particular topic so by using different emotions by making emoticons in different topics you will be able to boost your memory in a more better way for example we all remember different incidents of our life which had a gush of emotions for example if I ask you that when were you the happiest you will be able to recall that memory but if I ask you what did you do on 17th of June 2018 will you remember no because you don't remember the emotion so you have to involve emotions when you are learning and only by combining these two you will be able to reinforce your learning even better and finally I have come to the most important and the game changer strategy which is revision guys any competitive exam you take you will find that around 9 to 10 lakh students appear for that exam but only one or two percent students qualify now what separates this one percent student with the ninety five nine percent students it's revision because because har koi syllabus to exam se pehle complete kal le tha hai you believe it or not you would see this that almost every student is able to complete the syllabus before the exam but the only thing that toppers do and the normal average students don't is revision the mantra of your studies should be one book one topic one teacher multiple revisions that should be your mantra one book one topic one teacher multiple revisions ab ek topic ko padra teacher se pallo das book se pallo but agar apne usse revise nahi kia hai it is a waste aaj jo apne padha wo teen main baad yad hi nahi rahega toh ap kitna bhi pallo that will not make you a game changer what your strategy should be that any day you study for a topic for example today you studied a topic and you finish that topic in two hours your target for the next day should be to revise this topic in one point five hours kal aapko ye topic wapas se revise karna hai jo bhi copy main apne notes manaya wapas se us copy main apko revise karna hai dead ghante main fir perso that is next to next day you have to again revise it and that revision will not take more than 40 minutes and finally you have to revise it again on the next day in 15 minutes so suppose you studied a topic on monday Tuesday ko dead ghanta laga ye wapas se wo topic yad kar ye dead ghante main wedness day ko wapas se 40 minutes mo se revise kar ye and Thursday ko 15 minutes ke andar apo revise kar pahenge and agar apne teen revision kar liye toh I am guaranteeing you ke aapko ek maine baad agar apapas se wo book holenge aapko wo topic yad hoga but if you have studied a topic today did not revise it today did not revise it in a week then ek maine baad that topic will again become alien to you you will not even remember a single word so what's the point you keep on studying you keep on forgetting so toppers make sure that they invest time in revision so I hope these six techniques will help you in performing your best on the day of the exam I would like to know from you that what are the study techniques that have worked for you in life put that in the comment section below and I would love to read all of them so that's it from my side for this video lecture I'll meet you very soon in the next video lecture till the time I meet next happy learning keep loving literature and stay tuned to our petacarva.com


So, the question is specifically, so children and marriage, so it's not really related to romantic love, per se, it's just more so like marriage, okay. He has a section on that, and he also answers it, I think, quite a bit in the Q&A book, so the follow-up book. First, I would say that something I read the other night, when I was reading it for the third time, is that a lot of people, they feel obligated first and foremost to have children. So that's another thing that, you know, religions have ingrained people to do.  You make more of this kind of religion, or more of that one, or more of that one, more little offspring to populate it, and then to feed the coffers, whatever they call it. I would say that having children is a huge responsibility, and that any sort of obligation that you should have children at all to begin with is just deeply antithetical to taking full responsibility for what you're about to do, to make another human life. The same is also true then with marriage, as I discussed. And then, yeah, as far as being obligated to get married, it's because you decided to have kids. Assume that someone decided to do so rationally and fully aware of everything I was going to entail. Yeah, I don't, I think it's something you should fight against. I think you should disagree with it. You should speak out against it. That just because you have a child, then you automatically have to get this legal contract for it. I don't think so. I think there are ways around it. I think that even if there's consequences to not getting married, it's worth fighting those. It's worth disagreeing with them. It's worth paying whatever the short term prices are. And 18 years later, when they're an adult, it's not gonna matter. So I'd say, yeah, stay, again, stay away from the obligation that supposed duty that people make up for you, that society makes up.  Don't do it unless you're fully ready to do it, I'd say. Does that answer your question? Yeah. Shoot. I think so. So I'd say it's like what you did. That's another thing too. Yeah, the marriage rates are like, the failure rates, as they call them, are like astronomical for getting married in your early 20s. It's like 98%. You get divorced. It's huge. Sorry to interrupt. What sort of? I mean, you should question in the first place whether you even want to get married at all. Is it necessary, or is it even beneficial? I'm pretty skeptical. As far as it like being like a legal contract specifically, I think that you can have a lifelong, if you want, this is what you want.   I think it's just, is this something you've been told, and you've seen in like a thousand movies and TV shows that you have to do this?  It's not true. Now, will women be aware of that automatically off the bat? No.  Yeah, you should, you should, you know, gently educate or nudge her to question these things, if they're really a value to her. If they still happen to be, so be it.  And just things like that. Yeah, you should, does that make sense? Yeah, kind of just rambling her. Yeah, again, stay away from the duty, the obligation. We're short on time. There's one more question. We should have actually a few minutes. Okay, well, there you go. There you go. So, but, but we are short on time, we're about 30 minutes behind. Let's start, we'll start a little bit late. Go. Okay. No, not at all. Yeah. I hope I didn't start that off too non-exclusive. I think monogamous relations are great. That's what I have with Merrily up there. The redhead. Yeah, I think there, there's actually a speaker here that is very in support of monogamous relationships. Not at this event, but at the Texas conventions here named Greg Swan. So, in my opinion, most people are actually going to benefit the most from monogamous relationship. But I don't think it's going to be everyone. I think that's kind of what I was hinting at is that there will be segments of the population where guys just don't want that. I think I know some. Well, they'll never be happy and truly happy for, you know, the long haul in a monogamous relationship. But I think that, that's the exception. I think most people will benefit from that. From a lifelong partner who you are sexually attracted to, physically attracted to, a lot. And that can last over a lifetime. It might not be as intense as it was when you were like 21, 50 years later. But it's possible. I think that's certainly something you can attain. That's an ideal that's achievable. And that, yeah, it can be done. So, does that answer your question? Yeah. Monogamy is, I think, great. But, yeah, it's not going to be for everyone. Anyone else? All right. Yeah, yeah, yeah. I'm a bit more on common law. I'm only familiar with it as it's practiced in the U.S. It depends on which state you live in in the United States. Out of the 50. The reason I ask is because it seems like it's the same thing as marriage. So why not get married if it's the same thing? Just to keep everyone else happy. Oh, well, what I was getting out in the speech is that you should, you should be careful of common law. You should find out about it and then avoid it. Because so, it's not in Florida, but other states, if you just live with the girl and pay the bills together for like seven years or whatever, you're automatically married, automatically. You don't have to stay in the matter. That's kind of what I was getting at to stay the hell away from. You need to watch for that and stay out of it. Rather than, yeah, just staying away from it. Just, again, well, in that case, it's an obligation that's forced on you unknowingly. But, well, what's your question exactly? I'm kind of losing train of thought here. Sorry. Well, he was asking about common law marriage, which is a mainly in American thing. Yeah. I wonder if it exists in Australia. Does anyone know? Yeah. So he just said they have in Australia de facto relationships that bill it after seven years. It's like in a lot of states. Six months.  God, you guys are, you guys are fucked, man. Sorry. In some U.S. states, it's six months. In some U.S. states, it's six months. So, yeah, it's something to be, no, I would say no. I would say find a way, move, move, get away, run. I'm sorry, man. I know you like where you live or something. Yeah, there must be a way around it. In the U.S., I think there's things you can do in certain states where you can, if you write out explicitly that you don't want this, I think you can avoid it. So it's not always going to be forced on you. It's just kind of, it happens to a lot of people unknowingly.  Just be aware, that's kind of, this whole convention, a big part of it, is being more aware and being conscious in your life and looking for stuff, I guess, that are bad arrangements people before you set up and that you just get sucked into without knowing it. So watch out for things like that.  And this is one of them. If you don't want it, if you don't want marriage and you get forced into it, that's just horrendous. I think it's a tragedy that's an abomination.  It's worth the hassle, it's worth the fight because someday I think that can be defeated, that can be changed. We don't always have to live like that. You can win that fight. Things like that that are horrible I think can be reversed if you fight hard enough. Alright guys, let's give it up for Anthony Johnson. Thanks guys.


Welcome to Psychic Medium Tony Green. I am Tony Green and today I'm going to be doing a 30-minute show for you. I'll be taking calls from callers. If you want to call in, it's<PHONE_NUMBER>. I'll be answering questions, helping people connect with loved ones on the other side and doing clearings, which are healings. So let's start the show off right away before the one-minute mark. We're going to start with self-love, which I think is the most important thing we can have is self-love. So we have unconditional self-love. I get a no. I'm going to start clearing that so that it hopefully clears to a yes. But I believe only have unconditional self-love. We accept all that this big beautiful world has to offer us. You pay raises, jobs that are in the highest and best alignment for us and anything else the best partners the best everything. Now let's not confuse self-love with arrogance. There are a lot of people that get a lot of things. How do I say this? There are a lot of people out there that are maybe arrogant and we can kind of see that that see the arrogance. Arrogance is always a competition better than less than more than where self love is an acceptance of the self. Like I accept who I am, how I am, why I am. I don't need to compete with anybody else. I don't care what they think about me. I don't care what they say about me. I honestly you can ask anyone I know I don't. Say what you want to say. I don't care.  I don't care. This is a good better indifference. That's your perspective. Whatever.  Not because necessarily you're in competition with anyone but because you want to be a better version of yourself. So the first clearing today is on self-love. Releasing, letting go of, having the angels remove anything that is stopping or blocking you from self-love. Unconditional self-love. Now a lot of people don't realize the more you love yourself unconditionally and in that healthy way the more you are capable of loving others. And then that also puts you in that alignment where you will meet people and be in friendships and relationships with people who are also able to give unconditional self-love. And that does not mean that your relationships you have now are going to end. Some of them might. Some of them might. We can't always be say I want to be at a high-vibing energy up here and then play with low-vibing energy down here. It literally can make you physically sick to be around toxic people. Now let me just do a PSA here. I'm not talking about you don't blow my phone up later. You know who you are. That was about you but nothing else was. Every time I say something about toxic people or low energy or narcissism I have one person that has been blocked that leaves me like tons of messages. Get on with your life okay. Don't call me. I'm not listening to your messages. I don't care what you have to say. You know why because I love myself. I don't need your approval and that's exactly where we should all be folks okay. So having said that I'm going to say when we are up here vibrationally when we are up here with the love that we have for ourselves we don't want to play with low-vibing people. Again it can make us literally physically sick okay. It can make us feel like we're getting a cold or a flu. It can make us feel like we're going into a state of sadness or even depression okay. We want to stay and even if these people act like they're happy and they're everything's going on in their life there's a difference between the way you act and behave and where your frequency really is. You can feel a person. You can feel the truth about a person.  Having said that I want to thank everybody checking in on the chat. I'm going to lean in for a second and say hi to everybody on the chat and then I'm going to get to the callers. Again if you want to call in the numbers eight four five two seven seven nine one three one. Let me see who's checking in. Hey Am it's wonderful to see you. Hi um Joshua. Hey thank you so much. Yes actually uh Joshua I have talked with people who have passed right after they passed. As a matter of fact during my mom's passing I talked with her right after my baby uh Bella she was my puppy um passed. I saw her pop out of her body and we had this really amazing conversation too. So Joshua I'm going to try to read uh recently um who recently departed Joshua uh I can talk to people immediately after they pass. That's my personal experience. I know we're all different. Okay uh our rainbow bro hey how are you? Um Am thank you so much for reaching out. Let's see uh okay thank you everybody so much for reaching out. I'm going to go to my callers now if you do want to call in the numbers eight four five two seven seven nine one three one and if you're watching on WSCS or Roku or any restreaming or any podcast and re-listening to this I go live every Monday at noon and if you want to watch it live I'm on YouTube live and then um you can call in during the show ask a question or connect with a loved one on the other side. So we're going to go to seven eight zero um seven eight zero and anybody else calling in or um then I call out your area code when I call out your area code please take me off a speakerphone and please have an exact question or connection prepared. Okay thank you seven eight zero. Where are you calling from? What's your name? Hey Jay how are you today? Oh that's wonderful. Happy Thanksgiving. Happy Thanksgiving. How can I help you today? Okay so yeah Jay I first and foremost I want you to apologize. I know that um this is not only in Canada but all all through the world where they are changing regulations, they're changing rules, they're really um implementing some things that should not be implemented. What I'm going to say to you is um okay here's a couple suggestions not only for you but for others that may be going through this. Ask your employer if you can become an independent contractor. If you're not an employee they can't they cannot mandate anything upon you. Second um look for uh I know this is a lot easier said than done but this is just what's coming through. Look for a position perhaps that doesn't require that. Okay third the third thing um and you know it's very very difficult for me to speak out on this because I have my own personal feelings and I um I'm completely in alignment with the way that you feel about this and most of my listeners feel about it um you know here's what I'm going to say before you worry about vaccinating me or anybody else let's chemically castrate certain people but if it's unfair to chemically castrate somebody who violates a child then don't try to put a vaccine in me that's I mean just like for example right am I wrong folks am I wrong I don't think I'm wrong um but they won't chemically castrate somebody who's violating children but oh but you yeah let's do this to you um what what I'm going to say okay so I'm just gonna tap into your mom right now and she is just saying um the upcoming months are going to be very difficult uh stronghold I hear stronghold the word the word stronghold and for you you should know what that means um and then to hold out to the very last moment there are going to be changes coming in there are going to be um changes implemented all you can do is hold out for as long as you can and also try to figure out what you can do possibly on your own um that would be helpful also now when she says on your own I don't think she means um on your own uh what I think she means is like a business opportunity that you can do on your own also okay um when when it's meant to be I believe businesses take off and it doesn't take a lot of prep so uh J you sent me a beautiful meditation CD and package and you could just do that and put it online and see what starts to happen for you I do believe that people are going to be seeking out a lot of alternative choices in the near future um so that and the other thing she wants to say is remember you're divinely protected remember that you're divinely protected and also if you are allergic to eggs and proteins chances are you cannot get the shot and I hope you understand what I mean by that I hope you understand exactly what I was saying by that if you're allergic to that because that's the first thing they ask when they go to give you any facts is are you allergic to a b o c yep I am I sure am and I I honestly I am I am I miss bacon and eggs I do I miss bacon and eggs so much but I really really do um but what I would say to you is look into that and see what you can find on that front and then start putting your own things out there and see what you find with that also how you can be of service to others through the gifts that you can provide to them okay jay we're a really interesting time yeah it is it's it's going to get um a bit more interesting before it's less interesting by the way for those of you who are not aware norway has downgraded c19 to the equivalents of the flu can we all get back to our lives now and if and don't don't blast me folks do not blast me do the research do the research look it up look it up it's all over everything so thank you norway thank you and so did I believe brazil did also in a couple of other countries have said this is this is basically what it is they don't have a political agenda going on there so that's good good to see them stepping out and being honest about it and putting it in that category now so okay jay always a pleasure to speak with you and until until next time please be safe and and be a hold out for as long as you can okay thank you i am going to go directly to the next color who is 551 551 how are you today i am jennifer hi jennifer jennifer hi i'm in new jersey okay jennifer how can i love the way you are like ready set let's go how can i help you today i'm ready yes i do and here's what i'm going to tell you jennifer thank you for having your question ready and your energy so strong about your question jennifer i'm going to tell you i feel like you are relocating and you're going to have the choice now there might be two different relocations going on here i feel like one of them it might even be over state lines i feel like you might be relocating some place that is more in alignment with um what you i'm just hearing what you need at this time where you need to be what you need i feel like if you if you relocate over state lines and this is not i i feel like you're going to be going south um south okay south possibly west southwest um which i you know i'm trying to yeah i this is really i should never ever admit this i took geography three times and never pass so thank you ps 21 so i'm trying to figure out no i feel like yes yes i feel like one of your relocations is gonna be much sooner than you think i feel like one of your relocation could be now again you have free will you have free choice you can do this when you are ready i do feel like however one of your relocations is you're going to find out about it within the next couple of months now when i say next couple of months this could mean within three months you decide that's it i'm done i'm out i feel like i have three months mark now we what month are we in we're october november and definitely by 2022 though yep i i feel like by january you are gonna know where you want to be or be where you want to be now that doesn't mean that your first move you might relocate local and then your next move is across a state line but i do feel like you want to get off i feel like you want to i kind of feel like there's a part of you that's contemplating getting out of the east coast is that accurate love okay i feel like something's going to happen and now i need to say this when i hear tomorrow it doesn't literally mean tomorrow it means it's coming in fast you're going to get this fast it's something that's going to happen very quickly um i feel like and i do hear tomorrow something's coming in quickly that you're going to feel like you know what i need i want a whole i just want to start over someplace else i just i want to be and i feel like that you're not i feel like something's going to click inside of you where you're like if i start over here like let's just say in another neighborhood that's not going to give me the start i want that's not enough for me it's not i feel like you're going to decide and i feel like by and again this is free will and choice you could you know be having a really courageous moment and then go what was i thinking um but i feel like there's a possibility but i believe rest oh okay so there you go um i feel like there's the possibility that by march you could be either maybe by january you you are where you want to be or you know where you want to be and by march you could be settled into that place and i do feel like that place is south and i do feel like it's a little bit west i don't feel like you're going straight down i feel like you're going down and over and i do feel like you are going to um take very little with you you're not going to care you're just yeah i want to leave the negativity behind yeah well maybe that's what they're talking about taking very little with you i feel like everything yep you know here's what i'm going to say when certain certain geographical areas have different energy now the east coast used to be used to be this area that was very high energy that was very like vibrant and let's go and up all night well the east coast is no longer like that that energy has been put to a no kabash and it's a big fear and and please don't don't get upset with me for saying this folks but they're they're fear mongering on the east coast they're making everybody so afraid okay fine i feel like you and people on the east coast are waiting like okay if we do the you know in most of in the world too it's not just the east coast don't get me wrong um but i feel like you're going to be you're like done and done and you're almost at your third done something's gonna happen soon that's gonna put you at that place where you're like you know what that's it i'm out and you're going to literally look up different like i see you with a darts in a map like going okay wherever this dirt lands i'm going there it has to be but that's not how you're going to decide you're just going to be like any place has to be better than this at this point i do feel like the final thing coming in is going to be either a it's it's somebody okay somebody in your life i'm so sorry and i don't like to say this on the air because you know for all the reasons we wouldn't want to say this on the air um you've had some problems recently with some people in your life and there's a okay there's this song um is going down for real there there is something about to go down and you're like and i want to apologize i know i cannot sing please do not post that we are all very well aware of the fact i cannot sing okay um sorry for having to sing um uh and i hear the the poof is about to hit the fan so i feel like someone's about to come at you with something that's their problem that they just want to take out on you and i do feel like this might be a family well i feel like it might be a i feel like it might be a family member and i feel like you're gonna be saying to yourself i'm done i'm out and then you're gonna just make this decision because the only you might feel as though the way to separate yourself from this kind of drama and toxicity is to go to to put distance between it geographical distance between it because otherwise you're just gonna keep being enmeshed in this um turmoil is what i'm getting so i do feel like this could happen as soon as january but it might push out to march and again you have free will and you can decide when and how you want to make this change okay that was that was good thank you it was in my birthday my birthday was the ninth and i was like not even happy about it i was down like i want to move so i'm happy i called you and you know what we're on the same page about it i'm gonna so maybe you would have said stay where you are no no i i'm not you know what i'm going to tell you something um the things were yeah the things that we are the most afraid of sometimes or the most hesitant about are sometimes the things we have to jump and do we were put in this big beautiful world so that we could explore it so that we can create and co-create and we can be out there living and we want to be surrounded by people who are like minded who who are out there living you don't have to feel guilty like i'm leaving people behind or anything no no no no no you know what everybody has free will and choice you don't you're living your life for you they're living their life for them if at any point yeah that's good i don't have to account to anybody you're not responsible for anybody else's feelings or emotions or anybody else's where they are what they are how they are you just live your life now we are all put here to live our life if somebody wants to change their life that's on them they can go ahead they can be 100 free to change their life if you want to relocate that shouldn't disrupt anybody else's anything you have to live for what's right for you okay sweetie you are so welcome i uh please keep me posted i cannot wait to hear your updates and thank you so much for joining me today i'm going to try to get one more person in i'm going to five two zero five two zero how are you today oh hi hi oh my gosh thank you absolutely my pleasure what's your name are you calling to your show you're very popular oh gosh thank you so much thank you what's your name and where are you calling from love so you said are you okay and how can i help you today oh my goodness oh sorry no no it's okay it's okay love how can i help you thank you so he's in the back of my throat i'm sorry okay it's okay um my boyfriend and i have 20 years do you see him on Friday and say he was going to do something i totally just agreed with it except that he had traumatized me almost okay well let's give it three days i just got off the phone with him he said we'll talk about it do you think he'll change his mind um oh sweetie um you know what i and i should know better because the last caller i take always needs the most amount of time so here's what i'm gonna say to you um here is exactly what i'm gonna say to you i when i ask is he going to change his mind i hear yes no yes no yes no he's on the fence right now i'm going to tell you right now whatever he wants to do he's stuck with it he's on the yes of it he doesn't see any downfall for this he doesn't see any anything bad about his decision but oftentimes we don't now i do feel like eventually he is going to change his mind um it might take a little bit of time for that to happen so please be i'm not going to say be patient what i'm going to say is he i do feel like there's a really good chance he's going to change his mind mind down the line and this might be it's not going to be in the two-day period it's not going to be there's a push and pull point between the two of you right now um and one of the things okay that i will say is instead of saying you know that's that's a really bad idea uh take a moment take a breath write down very thought-provoking questions like okay let's talk about this and ask questions the way a counselor would like okay so have you thought about this aspect of that and how will that work out i feel like as of this moment he's sticking to it and he's sticking to it strong okay in about i feel like and i don't know if a month is too long out for you but i feel like in a month he's going to realize this may not have been the best idea this may not have been the best plan but the more you stand your ground the more he is going to stand his ground and want to be be you know holding his ground so what i would just simply say is if you are going to discuss this with him do it with open-ended questions that make him think about the long term of this decision or just say okay i support you how are we going to work through this um but in this moment he's stuck in it he's he's obligated to whatever that is he doesn't see the downside of it um so that is the answer that i have for you and i want to thank you so much for calling in i'm really grateful i was able to take your call and hopefully help you out a bit with that okay we are almost at the 30 minute mark i want to thank everybody who has called in listened in watched or um joined me on youtube live


Syria's steps are being taken in Libya towards compromise over an election plan for December 24th as part of a peace process, and the country's Presidency Council head Mohammed Alman Faisi's much-hope in Libya's future, disputes over the shadow and rules for Libya's election, including over who should be allowed to run, threatening to derail a UN-backed peace process that is seen as the best hope in years to end a decade of chaos. We must be optimistic and think that the elections will be on time with the agreement of Libyans. That is an important matter. The truth is, regarding the possibility of there not being consensus, we are currently making sure there is consensus about having elections on time. On December 24th, we hope to see this process completed in a democratic and transparent manner, one that is accepted by all Libyans on December 24th, so that power is transferred to an elected authority. We're not worried about any particular Libyan getting elected. We'll not worry about having any particular person that the law, the electoral law, sees fit to the conditions. On the contrary, there should be a chance given to everyone whose electoral conditions apply, which have been agreed upon by the Libyan people and the legislative bodies responsible for writing these laws. I repeat, we hope that there is agreement, of course. We support this consensus, to have elections. I think that Libyans are in agreement about having elections. No one is talking about not having the elections and about having elections on time. We've not heard of any party saying they want to delay the elections. Agreement happens with the mechanisms and this matter, I think, is a legitimate matter. We still have time to talk about the laws and this is a legislative matter relating to the legislative bodies. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Since you have been in the industry for so long, Linux has also, I think 27 years, Linux has been around for 27 years, something like that, yeah, even more than that. Now, I think Linux set the stage for every all the other open source projects to like Kubernetes or whatever they come, they get adopted. One thing that I have noticed and I wanted to ask you was that Linux took a lot of time to succeed, you know, to get, but when you think about Kubernetes or OpenStack, they get adopted and embraced very quickly. Is it because of the Linux's success or is it because these projects are designed to kind of become part of the commercial word, you know, from the day one? It may be some of both, but it just took the world a long time to come around to the idea of open software development. You know, the X Consortium, the MIT X Consortium kind of blazed that trail in a lot of ways. It was out there doing what we would now recognize as open source before Linux was ever released. Linux, I think, really brought attention to the idea that this can work, and that it can produce top quality software. And so, you know, nobody questions that idea anymore, whereas back in, I mean, certainly back in, say, 1983, when Richard Stallman said, I'm going to create a free operating system, most of us just said, that's a great idea. I'd love to have that, but you'll never get there, right? You can't do that. But now, nobody questions that you can do this. And so, there's a whole set of barriers that don't need to be overcome now. We have a whole lot of structure around it for doing distributed development that we didn't have back in those days. And we didn't really, I mean, the rise of Linux corresponds to a great extent with the rise of the internet, right? Without the internet, it was much harder to do this. And so, now we have tools like Git and a whole lot of other things. We have a whole set of procedures. So, it's natural that a free software project would come up much more quickly now if it's going to be successful. Right. But we have also seen that a lot of community-driven projects, they are still struggling, you know, whereas, I mean, I don't know, name anyone, but at the same time, you see commercialized projects which are heavily successful. So, I think that also plays some role. Sustainability is very important, you know. I think that plays a role, and I think we certainly see examples of companies seeing free software open source as a way that they can maybe try to offload some of the development maintenance work of their software. And so, they try to establish a project that looks like a free software project, but it's still very much under their control. Right. Okay. And, you know, that works as still free software, but I think it's not the only way to make a successful project. And certainly, in a number of commercial free software projects also languish, you need to have something more than just commercial support. Yes, right.


Every big modern economy has developed and become prosperous by building factories. Here there are smaller nations like Singapore and some in the Middle East who have prospered as trading ports, but they are very small with very small populations and can afford to live entirely off imports. Poor countries like ours, where 90% of people still have very little access to manufactured products, need many more factories and we need a factory output to grow very fast to catch up with affluent countries of the world. But India's factory sector, what is technically called the manufacturing sector, has completely collapsed in the last five to six years and it began well before COVID hit us. Let's quickly go through the data and I will begin with this graph, the one that you've seen on your screens right now. That line gives us the five-year moving average growth in the factory sector. Moving average means that each point on that graph is an average of the latest five years. The next point adds the next year but drops the first year of the previous point. You can see what has happened here, from 2017-18 factory output growth has dropped sharply. Yes, it includes the COVID year of 2020 when manufacturing output dropped marginally but precisely because of that drop, the very next year there was a sharp jump in manufacturing growth when factories opened up. That is why I have taken a five-year average which smooths out these fluctuations which can take place because of these momentary recessions that take place because of some kind of a disaster. We can also eliminate the impact of COVID by taking two points before and after the COVID lockdown. Let's compare 2018-19 the year before COVID and the government's projections for 2022-23 which is this fiscal. When there have been no lockdowns at all, factory output grew at an annual rate of just 1.9% in this four-year period. This extended back to another year to 2017-18 and take a five-year annual average. Even that is just 2.6% and this is the overall figure. During this period, India's population has grown. So ideally we should take the per capita factory output in these two periods to see how per capita availability of manufacturing growth has grown. Let's take the first period per capita output growth has grown by just 0.8% per year. During the five-year period from 2017-18 onwards, it has grown at just 1.5% per year. It's even worse if we compare the data from this fiscal year. We have factory output data in the form of the index of industrial production, IIP available till October 2022. So let's compare this. Between April to October 2018, the manufacturing index averaged 129.4. That has risen to just 133.3% in this fiscal. That's an annual growth rate of just 0.7% in the first half of the year. If you adjust for population growth, then it is actually down by 0.3% this year and an annual rate over the past four years. In fact, in rupee terms, in today's prices, the per capita availability of manufactured goods being produced in India is just a little over 2,000 rupees per month. That is not what an average individual is consuming on their own. It includes all factory products, which includes all of our share of the cement being used to build roads, the steel going into bridges, the diesel being burned by buses, by tractors. Every single manufactured good. When you take that into account, 2,000 rupees is nothing. It cannot provide the amenities that citizens in a modern nation need. At the current average growth rate, the rate at which our factory sector has grown annually between 2017-18 to this fiscal, it will take us 46 years to double the per person availability of factory products. But why is India's factory sector collapsed like this? This is because of the growth path that successive governments have followed since the 1990s, when India opened up to foreign capital and began encouraging the private sector. This has done two things. India's domestic industry, which by policy was being protected, was given tariff protection, has lost its ability to compete against cheap imports from China when it comes to cheap goods. But when it comes to higher end goods, in the 1980s, India's computer electronics hardware sector was growing at a very fast clip. But in the 1990s, policy changes, which allowed foreign players to enter, destroyed that growing hardware industry completely. Today, electronics hardware has become one of our three largest imports. The second big reason is how inequality has widened in our country in the liberalisation years. This has meant that only a very small proportion of India's population can afford to buy manufactured goods. And their demand is mostly for high end items, which are being imported, whether it is cars, TV sets, phones or other consumer durables or even clothes. Affluent Indians are increasingly turning to foreign brands. This is a double whammy for India's manufacturers because the vast majority of Indians cannot afford to buy what they produce.  So this is a problem that India's manufacturing sector faces. This is why even though Indian companies have made huge profits in the past two years, they're simply not investing in building factories or buying new equipment to expand capacity. In fact, the past one year, net assets of India's corporate sector has grown at a slower pace than inflation. Which means in real terms, the net productive assets of Indian companies are less than what they were last year. This is why the factory sector in India cannot provide any new jobs either. In 2018, there were nearly 40 million jobs in manufacturing. That has dropped to a little over 33 million in 2022. That's an annual decline of 4.3%. This is at a time when the total number of job seekers has increased significantly in these four years. In every modern nation, the rise of factory jobs created demand for factory goods. India's terrible record with providing factory jobs is one more reason for our industrial collapse. And if these neoliberal policies continue, then things will only get worse. That's the show today. If you've liked this video, please press the like button and do subscribe to our channel and press the bell icon so that you get to know as soon as a new video drops. Until next time, goodbye.


Other parts of Africa, Rwanda's Ministry of Health, says temperature screening at entrances to public places in the country is no longer required and is not considered as one of the ways to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The ministry and the statement directs health of public and private institutions and organizes of public events to stop the act and appeal to the public to continue to embrace vaccinations against COVID-19, including getting booster doses.


Hi, my friends call me Lyme and I want to help you perform even better in your videos. So let's talk about storytelling. It is what it sounds like. It's about telling stories. So do that. Thank you so much for watching. Bye. But seriously, I just wanted to make a video about this because many people, including me sometimes, stick too much to statements, claims or facts in situations where telling stories would have been so much more effective. Now you might be asking me Lyme, you fruitfuck! Why would I tell fictional stories when I can stick with facts? Well, stories are not only about entertainment through fiction, it's also a tool to influence other people and it's very effective. For example, I can make the statement that I will start talking about mental health on my channel, but that might not mean as much to you as I wanted to mean and I can try giving you statistics to show you how common mental illness is to try to show you how important this is to talk about, but it still might not completely translate. I mean it's just too easy for people in statistics to become just numbers and I want you to feel something. So then I cannot mostly appeal to your logic using numbers. So what if I instead tell you a true story about me? Before I do, though, a word of warning. If you're struggling with panic attacks or any other anxiety related disorder then you might want to think twice before watching the rest of this video. I'm not kidding, so here I go. This was a time of my life where I had just become independent. I had my first job, my first own place and I was so proud of myself and so it's amazing how much can be taken away from you in just seconds. Have you ever experienced a panic attack? So imagine you're safe at home and suddenly for no apparent reason you're filled with the feeling of terror as if your body actually thinks that you're dying. You start shaking, your heart behaves as if you're having a heart attack. It feels like you're suffocating no matter how much you're breathing and you're filled with the urge to escape. But the danger that you perceive is within you and you cannot escape from yourself wherever you run it follows and then it just keeps escalating like that to the one of the worst feelings a human being can experience. I had my first panic attack at the movies and after that I was so terrified of ever feeling like that again for years and that fear actually triggered it again and again in a vicious cycle of torture.  So this was now about life or death. I had to learn how the human mind works, how to get over anxiety, depression, and phobias and to prevent them from becoming a thing in the first place and then I had to apply that knowledge which was the hardest thing that I ever had to do because it involved facing my fears and in my case one of the steps towards that was to make a video montage of things that would trigger my panic and every time I watched that I got pale like a ghost. I fell to the floor because my knees got so weak but I kept getting up and each time it got easier and easier sure it took me a level of courage that I had never reached before but I got over it. I learned so many things on this journey just easy to follow steps that anyone could apply not only when handling anxiety but also just when you're feeling down easy to follow steps to become happier and I'm baffled as to why I hadn't been taught this in school. This should be considered one of the basic knowledge that every human should have. I mean stress-related diseases like anxiety and depression are two of the most common mental diseases in the world. Why isn't this being taught? And when I asked myself that I figured that hey I can actually contribute to this so I will. Now me saying that I will start talking about mental health on my channel hopefully means a lot more to you so don't just give claims or statements or facts instead show them to us through an experience make us feel something. Just in case I wanted to say that no you will not get a panic attack just for being afraid of getting one yes it got like that for me but that was only after I was traumatized by my first panic attack and I got my first panic attack for several reasons I had been working a little bit too hard I was already in the risk group because I've been the subject of homophobia for so many years and I didn't know how to handle anxiety so those were the reasons for me. So this was the end of part one of this episode next part we'll get into the challenge and some solutions and we'll talk about what stories you need to tell and why you need to tell them so thank you so much for watching bye.


Alright everyone next up in our handstand prep progression. We've just done two variations of this movement, but this is a I think it's a yoga thing I don't really I don't know yoga. I just study movement, right? It's the crow pose Baka sana, I don't really know. I don't really know. I should stop talking. It's the crow pose And now we're gonna take both our feet off this block. So you know what? I don't even need it Let's put these cushions back And we're gonna set up the same way so I try to spread Shake around a little bit if you need some warming up I try to spread my hands to get them as flat as I can get a nice wide base here and Then I'm gonna bring my belly button back to stabilize my midsection I'm gonna make sure my neck stays long To get my shoulders and my neck in a good spot And then we're gonna do the same thing.  I would go one at a time Till you got it just try to keep breathing cool that one's a nice one it's a really good way to Start implementing some of that loading onto your hands, right? So now I've shifted all of my body weight onto there and it it's independent of the shoulder mobility that I have and Kind of the elbow mobility that I have so I don't need to be totally prepared to do a handstand it's a nice way to load these joints these smaller joints, but not Overdue it. You're not You don't have so much of that balance component of things that is so common in the handstand. So that's the crow pose I Am not a yoga instructor and I googled this Like YouTube to this I suppose and I came across one channel of a woman that I find very entertaining It's yoga with Adrienne and if you have done yoga you probably have seen this already But I just wanted to share it for those of you who have not I don't study yoga, but I do study movement and she Definitely cares about the movement and the quality of the movement. So That's my little pre vetting for you if you need some more videos to watch. So that was the crow pose


This is an activity in the Hall of the Mountain King by Grieg. It's a way to introduce the children to classical music or at least to involve the minute. It gets them moving.  After you do that a few times, then you can actually have the kids act out. You can make up your own stories. It's a good for active listening. They have to really pay attention to what's going on. And it's a way for them to feel the music and to kind of respond to the music. The cat is looking around the house for the mouse because he's hungry. But he can't seem to find that mouse. He's walking around upstairs looking in the rooms and he looks in the hallway upstairs. No mouse. Looks in the master bedroom upstairs. No mouse. Looks in the baby's bedroom and thankfully there's no mouse. Looks in the attic. Not even a mouse in the attic. Looks in the bathroom upstairs. No mouse. Decides to go down the stairs. No mouse on the stairs. Looks around in the living room. No mouse. Looks around in the den downstairs. No mouse. In the office. No mouse. Then he decides to look in the kitchen. And what does he see? The mouse is walking around. He's hungry too. He's picking up crumbs to eat. So he picks up some bread crumbs in the Easter house. Um num num num num num. He picks up some cheese crumbs in Easter house. Um num num num. Find some pizza crumbs. Um num num num. Oh, some spinach. Um num num num. He finds some crackers. Um num num num.  He finds some spaghetti and eats that. Um num num num. But suddenly, he sniffs. And he thinks, somebody's watching me. He looks over at the door. And who does he see? But the cat coming in through the door. And when the cat sees the mouse, he starts running. The mouse starts running. The cat gets close and he swipes. And swipes. And the mouse is running. And he jumps and runs this way. And now the cat is running as fast as he can, trying to catch that mouse. The mouse is running as fast as he can to get away. And the cat gets close. And he jumps. And the mouse runs this way. And the cat jumps. And jumps. And the mouse runs that way. The cat jumps. And jumps. And jumps. And jumps. And jumps. And jumps. And jumps. And jumps. The mouse is running for his hole. The cat makes some jumps. And then the students have to decide if the cat caught the mouse or if the mouse got away.


So, we are going to discuss today two important properties called independence of a set of events. Then we are also going to talk about conditional probabilities and then we will define what is a random variable today. So if you recall in the last class, we just began with what is a probability space, we defined what we mean by a sigma algebra, what we mean by a probability space. So that is the basic building block for us and we keep on building on these aspects. This notion of independence of two events is important in our study of probability and this notion of independence you have to go purely by definition, the definition that I am going to give you. We say that, so now onwards whenever I am going to define all these things I am going to assume that these things are defined under some underlying probability space which has its own sample space, f event space and an associated probability function. Well let us say this is given, now I am going to say let us take two events coming from my event space, I am going to say that they are going to be independent if the probability is such that the probability of the joint event split as the product of the probability of individual events. So this is just definition. So independence has nothing to do here that these a1, a2 are disjoint or anything of that sort. It is just the property of my probability function. For example, let us take our dice example. In our dice example, let us construct one event space which will have these events. Let us say I have such an event space, right now I am not worried about, it is a sigma algebra, maybe it is already sigma algebra but I am not worried about it. And on this let us define my probabilities like this. My probability I have defined the probability of the event 1, 3 to be let us say I have defined this to happen to be 0.3 and I have defined 2.2 and I have defined probability of 1 to be 0.6 and let me also include this event 1 here. So according to this for definition of my probability are my events 1, 3 and 1, 2 independent. So let us take this is to be a1 and let us take this to be event a2. I have defined these probabilities to be, what is the event a1, a2, when I say a1, a2 it means intersection of a1 and a2. What is a1, a2 and what is the probability of that event 0.6. Now is this 0.6 is going to be the product of these two, no, right? So in this due then say are you going to say a1 and a2 are independent, suppose if I redefine this to be 0.06 then they are independent under this probability. So as you see this, it has nothing to do with about any commonality of the terms that are occurring in these two events, if we are according to this definition we simply go that as long as the probability of this joint event splits as the probability of the individual events we are just going to call that as independent. Now this is the notion for independent of two events. Now can we talk about independent of three events, how about, so when you are going to say a1, a2 and a3 are independent, they are going to say they are going to be independent. Now if I take p1, p2 this should satisfy a1, if all these conditions holds then we are going to say that the events a1, a2 and a3 are independent. So suppose now I say that if I now want to extend it to a1, a2, a3, all the way up to there are ak, these many sets are there, what do you think the independence of these many events means? Here I took pairwise and also took, so what I did basically here, I took all possible subset, right? So then when you have a1, a2, a3, you are going to look for all possible subsets. But in the all possible subset, you do not need to check for individual elements, right? That p of a1, p of a2, you do not need to check because all subsets also includes individual elements. Now if how many such conditions overall, how many conditions will be there? If I have to check the independence of these many events, how many conditions you think you need to check? 2 to the power k minus k, why 2 to the power k first? So this means basically so it is total number of subset and why k you have to remove? Single individuals I have to remove and these 2 to the power k also contains what? Null set. I do not need to check anything for null set, so I have. So if you want to check independent of k events, you need to be checking these many conditions.  Yes, there are k single term sets and I am asking if you have to check independence of these many events, then you are going to do such thing for all possible subsets and the actual number of subsets you need to check this many, so you will be ending up checking these many conditions. So as you see, checking for independence of k sets already requires large number of conditions to be checked, that is like it is growing exponentially like 2 to the power k. So often it is of looking at independence of, it is kind of joint independent, instead of looking at such kind of independence, we will be interested in looking at pair wise independence, which we call a weaker condition. So when I want to ask, check only for the pair wise independence of this k events, we are only going to take 2 at a time and check whether they are going to independent. So to check pair wise independence, how many conditions you need to check, kc2, so now we are going to define the notion of conditional independence, before that we will define the conditional probabilities. So when you are going to model many things, you will, often will be faced with a situation that what happens if this event has happened? Suppose let us say there are many things that are going to affect, that are random things, but you observed that some event already happened. So what happens if you are going to analyze the system, for example, let us say you have two dice, you are going to throw them, you are going to throw first one and let us say after throwing the first, you are going to throw the second one. This is one experiment for me, throwing the dice one after another. So what is the sample space for this, how many points are there, there are 36 sample points are there in the sample space. Now let us say as soon as I threw the first dice, I already observed what is the outcome of this dice. Now based on this one, there is still randomness in this because I have not yet rolled my second dice. Now but my randomness has significantly reduced now because I have made some observation already about the first one. Suppose if you know the first one, what will your sample space reduces to? It is just going to reduce to 6, right? Now you have to just look at the randomness that is going to appear out of that can possibly come from this 6 outcome. So you see that in this case, after observing something, you want to condition on things and look at a new induced sample space after making this observation and now that will lead us to something called conditional probabilities. So we are going to say that probability of A given B, what is the meaning of this? Probability that event A happens given that B has already happened, okay and now we are going to define this as probability of A B. So now in the case of suppose if I tell you, what is the probability that the sum of the outcome of a dice is 10 given that the outcome of the first dice is 4. How you are going to compute this? So I already told you the outcome of the first dice is 4. Now you are only going to look at the possible outcomes which are 4, 1, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 6, right? Now you know that my sample space has reduced, conditioned on this. Now in this, now you will be looking at event of interest that is the outcome of the dice is 10. In what way this can be possible? This is possible only if 4 after I observed 4, I observed 6. That means out of the restricted set, I will be now looking at the occurrence of this pair 4, 6, okay fine. So this is exactly, we are going to say now that the event B has happened related to this event B what is the frequency of event of my interest. So let us say I am interested in some event A after event B has happened. If this A has to be of any interest, this event A has to be a part of event B, right? Because if that event B is not a part of B, this is never going to be any event. For example when I say outcome the sum of the 2 dice is 10 that is the pair 4, 6, this is one of the possible candidates in 6 possible outcomes I had. And that what is that event of interest that is common to both A and B and what is its relative frequency in the new reduced sample space I have. So this is how we are going to redefine our conditional probability. Given that my probability has given that some event has been told to happen that has happened that is going to happen with probability P B that means when you observe that particular event that has its own probability and that would have happened with probability P B. Within this probability what is the relative frequency of that I am going to observe event of my interest and that is how we are going to define this conditional probability in this fashion. Now naturally as you see this conditional probability you want to define for something the event on which you are conditioning that happens with some positive probability, right? For example in the dice case we are not going to condition on the case where the outcome of the first dice is 0, right? That is not a possibility for you, right? So I am going to assume that is for that reason we are going to define conditional probabilities condition on the events for which the probability of the events is non-zero, okay? Now as you see this once I fix my B now I can change my event A whatever event I can ask. For example in the coin dice problem let us say first the B event I said the outcome of the first event is 4. After this I could ask the question the sum of the outcome of the dice is 6, sum of the outcome of the dice is 7, sum of the outcome of the dice is may be 12. I can ask all these questions, right? And all these different corresponding different events A. Now each of these events will have their own associated probability, right? Condition on this B. Now you can ask the question, yes P was a probability space which has started with which has which need to satisfy certain set of axioms, right? We said P1, P2, P3 are the condition that need to satisfy. Now if I am going to treat this guy as a new probability that is you fix this B underlying event B and then ask for the probability of events A. Now let us call that, now this is another probability, right? Defend on different different events. All these events are also coming from my script F. Is this again a probability function? If I need to check this is a probability function what I need to verify? So I need to basically verify by three properties P1, P2, what was the P1 property itself basically non-negativity, right? So is my P of A is going to be greater than or equals to 0, yes, right? This is by definition. So if you have defined it like this P is always going to give positive values. This is going to naturally be and what are my second property and can you somebody tell me precisely what is the second one? What do you mean? Is this property holds? Why is that? So just plug in for A equals to omega here. What is going to be if A is omega, what is omega intersection B, B, right? So probability of B by probability B you are going to get it as 1. What is the third one? So we want that if let us take a sequence A1, A2, we want this to be what? We want this to be hold for countably many AIs. Is this true? So just verify this condition as well. So because of this we are going to say that this conditional probability, so that is why even though we just define this in this function, this conditional events based on this but we still called it conditional probability because it is already satisfying these properties of probability function. So P i is probability function. Now from the independence property like I had just said, I had given you the definition that what I mean by A1 and A2 are independent function. Suppose I say I am going to denote independence by A1, 2 what does this mean? What are under that the probability function when I say A1 is independent of A2 that means probability of A1, A2 is going to be probability of is equals to probability of A1 times probability of A2. I am just going to use this short term notation for that. Now suppose A1 and A2 are independent, does this imply that A1 complement is also independent of A2 and just apply your definition of probability and see whether it works. So what I want to show? If I want to show this is true, I need to show that P1 A1 complement of A2 is equals to P1 A1 complement and P of A2, so this is what I need to show. And what I know from this, I know that P of A1 of A2 is equals to if I assume this is true that is A1 and A2 are independent if this is going to be true. Let us try to see why this is true. So now let us say I have this event A1 here and event A2 here, let us say they have some overlap, that is fine. So now what is this event A1 complement A2, what is the region that it includes? So it includes this region. This region, how can I write it as union of two disjoint regions? So can I write it as what is this region? This is A1 intersection A2 in this part. Now what I want is A1 complement A2. So you can check this. I can write it as this A2 as simply this guy A1 intersection A2 and then union of whatever I am interested in. Is this correct? I am just written and are these two disjoint? If they are disjoint, I can just apply the probability of A2 to be the sum of the probabilities of these two terms. So then now what I know, now I want to have been told A1 and A2 are independent. If A1 and A2 are independent, I am going to apply that condition here, what I am going to get? Y0, P of A1 and P of A2, whatever this part is. Now if you simplify, take this quantity on the other side, what you are going to get? P of A1 complement A2, this is going to be what? P of A2 1 minus P of A1, is this correct? What is 1 minus P of A1? It is simply going to be P1 of complement. So you can see that like if A1, A2 are independent, you can simply derive many such properties like that. In this case, I have derived one simple properties like A1 complement and A2 are also independent. So just to, you can keep on extending this analogy just to let us see if you guys can understand this. Suppose I say that E1, E2 and E1, these are n number of events, there are totally how many events? There are n number of events. Suppose if I do a partition of them by taking E1, I am going to take E1, E2 all the way up to first n1 numbers. Let us say n equals to 50, I will take E1, E2 up to n1, I am going to set as 10, first n sets and then I am going to take it as E n1 plus 1, E n1 plus 2, I am going to take all the way up to E n2. Let us say n1 is 10, it is 11, 12, n2 is maybe n2 is 30 till that and like that I will make whatever the remaining ones. Let us say similarly I have going to get after nI plus 1, E n1 plus 2 all the way up to here. So I basically group them like this one consists of n1 elements, this one consists of certain number of elements n2 minus n1 and this will consist of another set of elements, this total number of n. Now, suppose from this n1 numbers, you take whatever union, complementation of the sets like this. For example, like here when I have 2, I have taken A1 complement and A2, like that you take arbitrary things like maybe you can take A1 complement, intersection E2, intersection E3 complement like this any combination and whatever the resulting function, let us call F1 after doing that operation, let us call this another second operation and let us call this an ith operation. Now you can argue that if E1, E2 up to E1 are independent, then F1, F2 are independent. You got this sense what I am trying to say, if you take any set, you do arbitrary operations on them, complementing intersection and then let us call that F1 and take another set and do, if you are going to look at these sets now, this is one set now, if you look at these sets now, they are themselves are independent. So, when I say I got this, these are like any Boolean functions like you can do intersections, unions and complementation of your these sets and get a function F1. Similarly, you do this and get F2 and like that, it is up to you how you are going to define how many sets you want to take to get F1, how many sets you want to take F2. As long as these guys even it are F2, this F1, F2 all the way up to F5 will also be independent. So, as you see independence is actually pretty strong property, because to satisfy this independence, you for k elements, you already need to have check 2 to the power k minus k minus 1 number of conditions. So, because of that like when you have set of things and if you do operations among them, you will end up with these sets which are further dependent of each other.


Cantrips is a new side activity added in the Spring 2022 update. It uses energy to cast magic outside of the battle. For leveling, one energy is equal to one experience. The best way to level is to cast spells that cost the most energy. You can only get experience for casting spells the same level as you. To start, Cantrips took to Abna K. Doodle in the hub of any world once you are level 25 or higher. He has a quest called Cantrips 101. This will get you Continue the quest by talking to Buttersfield in Wisteria. To get to level 2, you need 50 XP. You get at least 6 XP from the tutorial. You will get more if you teleported to Buttersfield. Once the tutorial is finished, you should cast magic touch 9 times to get to level 2. You can cast magic touch on any object, it doesn't have to be a ritual chest. The other option, which is quicker, is to cast Healing 1 or Mana 1 Radiant Spows. This however means you have to craft these treasure cards, which may not be as easy as casting magic touch. If you do this option, you only need 5 casts of either of these spells to get to the next level. Congratulations on becoming a cantrip apprentice. To get to level 3, you need 100 XP. The first option is to cast Minor Invisibility. It has a long cooldown. Doing this, you only need to cast this spell 20 times to level up. If you find that too slow, you can cast some other 2 energy cantrip spells, such as Rainmaker 50 times. The quicker option, if you have all of the required reagents, is to craft and cast 7 Fishing Luck 1 or Heal and Mana 1 treasure cards. You could also craft and cast 5 Healing 2 treasure cards. This option is only quicker if you have all the required reagents. If you don't then use the other options. Congratulations on becoming a cantrip initiate. To get to level 4, you need 200 XP. The first option is casting Major Invisibility. As with the previous level, this does have a long cooldown, but you only need to cast it 14 times to level up. If this is too slow, you could cast Roll Dice 100 times. I would say both would take about the same amount of time. The second option is to craft and cast Mana 2 treasure cards 10 times. I wouldn't recommend this unless you have all of their reagents. Congratulations on becoming a cantrip adept. To get to level 5, you need 300 XP. The best way to level up is crafting cast sneak treasure cards 15 times. I would not recommend crafting the radiant spells for this level as they will be needed later on, making it a waste of reagents. Congratulations on becoming a cantrip master. To get to level 6, you need 400 XP. At the time of writing this, the only way to level up is to cast either Mana 3 or Healing 3 treasure cards. You need to cast 14 of them to get to the next level. Congratulations on becoming a cantrip grandmaster. To get to level 7, you need 500 XP. You should cast Second Mark Anywhere, which will give you 2 XP, then repeatedly cast Second Recall. The mark will stay even if it looks like it disappears. Doing this, you will only need to cast this 17 times. Congratulations on becoming a cantrip legend. To get to level 8, you need 600 XP. As of writing this, the only way to level up is to craft and cast Healing 4 treasure cards. These are very expensive, and you need to cast 15 of these to level up. Congratulations on becoming a cantrip champion. To get to level 9, you need 700 XP. Again, as of writing this, the only way of leveling this is crafting and casting either Fishing Luck 4 or Heal and Mana 4 treasure cards. These are both quite difficult to craft, and you need to cast 12 of them in order to level up. Congratulations on becoming a cantrip athism. At the time of writing this guide, there is no way to get to level 10, as there are no rank 9 spells. When there is, you will need 800 XP to get to level 10. You can also get the World Teleport spells from the final boss of every first dark world. For example, Wizard City, Spell, Fight Lord Nightshade. I would assume the Arcanum spell would be able to be obtained, but I am unsure where it is dropped.