Welcome back, it's still the run-up but we're glad to know you're still there. With 72 days to the 2023 elections, it is expedient that individuals vying for political offices seek for avenues to communicate to the public on why they should be elected into offices. And with us today, we have Mr. Akin Bredwit, Lagos Governorship Candidate under the National Rescue Movement. Welcome to the program, sir. Thank you very much. You're having me.  And when you got in, the first thing I said was thank God, maybe that was wicked to say but you're hoping to come in as the governor of Lagos and I'm wondering what it's going to look like, the Lagos of your dream, transportation wise rather. Thank you. Thank you for the kind words and making me feel much better. A 20-minute journey has taken me 20 minutes, an hour, 20 minutes to get here. So it is horrendous and it's getting worse. So when people say everything is working, you kind of ask which planet are they on. But I want to start off by saying that this government has some of the best people and the best minds that you can imagine, very, very qualified people. When you talk about this government, what do you mean? Lagos... I'm talking about Lagos State, yes, as people with very good credentials. So you just have to kind of conclude that it's not that we do not have the capacity and the minds that are there, it's a question of the priorities, it's a question of agenda. Lagos has some of the best consultants that have given Lagos the plans. You have the master plan that unfortunately probably at best is only 20% implemented. I have a problem with the master plan because a lot of people have not seen this master plan. It seems to be in another plan if I'm not exact. You're right. I haven't seen it either. But I have seen a sub-regional master plan, the Kurudu sub-regional master plan, which is 2016 to 2036, nothing has been done unfortunately. So you then have to ask the question, what on earth is going wrong? And it's simply what I have concluded is a question of priorities. Somebody has set a different set of priorities and saying, well, you know, all this can wait. There's something else that is obviously more important. So someone like me, therefore, has said, we cannot continue to experience this this way. We've got to set a new set of priorities that just says, look, listen, this is exactly how we need to change our lives because it is our lives. Our lives are wasting away if we continue like this. You know, the whole carbon monoxide, the whole environment, the decay, we have to do something definitely about it because it will be responsible of us to be going through all of this and then say, well, you know, we leave it to our proxies because after all, the people in government are our proxies. They are our representatives. They are put there to do stuff for our benefit. So let's set the context. What I would like to do is to set our minds and the minds of our viewers on the Constitution, the much-villified 1999 Constitution, which our venerable senior advocates, a number of whom have said it's a rubbish Constitution, et cetera, et cetera. Well I want to say to them that before they chair it to shreds, there are elements of that Constitution that are so important that we need to actually live through. So if you go with me to Section 16, 2b, it talks about the happiness of the people. Government must work for the maximum welfare and the happiness of the people. The day I saw the word happiness in the Constitution, I almost fell out of my chair because I thought, what? This Constitution actually has a people-focused aspect to it. So there are aspects of the Constitution that we need to grab and hold dearly. I don't want them to take the Constitution away until, whilst they're arguing it, we need to implement certain parts of that Constitution. If you go to Section 2d of that Constitution, it speaks about that everyone, all the citizens must have reasonable food, shelter, livelihood, unemployment benefits, care for the aged and care for the disabled. It's all there. A lot of people will just be looking at you. Unemployment benefit? Unemployment benefit. Because, okay, we heard that in the UK, we even had UB40 benefits and got a musical banner. A lot of people will never imagine that kind of a thing is in our Constitution. What are the constraints? Why is it that we're so poor? We cannot implement that. If we're so poor, I don't know if you've seen the videos we're doing in the round where you see even the currency has begun to decay because some people were hoarding it. It was only until this new policy came out about asking people that they were going to redesign and change so people are Russian, unfortunately for some of them. The money that had been hoarded over the years has now, I don't know how true or how real that is, but this is something that we're seeing on the video, there's money. If there's 2.7 trillion outside the banks, then that means that there's money, cash in fact, not just kind of money. And then we're told that there's about 40 or so trillion that is the money supply. So at the end of the day, the question we have to ask ourselves is where is this money? Who is hoarding it? What's all this about the theft that's going on? Now if you have a mindset, this thing is mindset driven and is driven around the agenda and the priorities. If your mindset is you are there to make the people happy. Your job is for the happiness of the people. So everything that you do is driven by that question, will this make the people happy? Is this going to deliver happiness for the people? Because that's essentially, that's your primary obligation. So what I want to do is to bring that front and center government with a bold human face that says we've got to bring the humanity back into this equation. We've got to ask ourselves what's the purpose of government anyway? What's the purpose of governance? It's just an administration to administer the commonwealth to the extent that all citizens are catered for and accounted for. That's the purpose of it. Let's start to get specifics out of this. Before we begin to hear like we heard in one state that said that they have created a ministry for happiness, when if I can easily come to work on the island living on the mainland, I will be happy. I don't need another ministry to do that for me. And we heard from another state that there is a stomach infrastructure. We never had definite things that they were telling us, that these are the things we're going to do in order for the people to get happiness or to get this stomach infrastructure. So we're taking specifics. Now I started with transportation, which is like, you know, Lagos, you know, traffic hold up and all that. So what are you specifically are you going to do in the transport sector to make sure the gridlock is out, to make sure we're safe on our roads and no armed robbers would be attacking us when we're walking on the road. And maybe most importantly, to remove the Aguero syndrome from the Lagos because they are the ones who extort people and cause a nuisance, at least according to the people who have had costs to deal with this people. So what are you going to do in that sector specifically? Well, thankfully, that's why it's good to have these conversations because you've already provided the answers yourself.  So it's not for want of the ability to be able to do these things. So you've got to say, so why aren't these things being done? You know, a number of these things are quite simple. If you take a state like Lagos, for example, Lagos is an island, which means that it is surrounded by water. Now, two ways of dealing with transport is you either build more roads or you get most of the vehicles off the road. OK? Or you bring in other forms. Now, if you can't do any of those two, then you bring in other forms, which are the quick solutions of transportation. So a key element of Lagos, and I've said this, you know, a few times, is water transportation. If you go to countries where, you know, they have the same kind of configuration, water, big, large ferries are used to take people up and down, north, south, east, west of the island. You would just have to build maybe some jetties and additional jetties to the ones that are there. If you take this very, very seriously, it's something that you can do extremely quickly. Now, there are parts where a massive jet ferry can't access. And what you then do is that you could now introduce an element of hovercrafts.   So you can do some kind of transshipment. Use a big ferry, you know, to go through the deeper ends of the water and then do a sort of transshipment with a small set of ferries that would kind of be feeder transportation, you know, as it were. The smaller ones feeding into the bigger ones. And then the bigger ones will leave the depart at particular points in time, scheduled, you know, points in time. So you could quickly deploy that. That would be very, very low hanging fruit.  You know, you had the Texas ferry and stuff. So it's not even as if this is something that has not been done before. But certain constraints or things have just been put in the way of these things happening. And the private sector could be incentivized to really do that. The other one, of course, is the one we've been waiting for, for such a long time, which is the rail. In all civilized, absolutely. So you have to again say, it's not for want of the capable hands. It's about priority. I will set the priority to the extent that you have a deadline in which to, you know, sort things out. So this question about right-of-way approvals here, there and whatever and all that kind of. If I have to bust through and not have the approval and just go ahead and do it, we'll see ourselves in court. But at least the people get to do whatever it is they need to get to. You see, the question is this. Does government realize that by not letting people move freely and quickly, it's stopping commerce? Okay? And when you don't get commerce moving, you're depriving yourself of the growth of society. You need society to grow.  You know, what on earth is going on? So it's important that we then get ourselves to know where our true north is. And I'll tell you something else that bothers me. There's a lot of unethical behavior and mindset in all of this. If we reset, we have to press the ethical button. You have to bring an ethos into governance that helps us drive. A lot of these things that seem seemingly are intractable can be solved by our mindsets. When you talk about Akberu, we're all laughing at this thing as if it's normal behavior. Akberu is unlawful behavior. Extortion is criminal. You know, you have laws, extant laws that speak to the criminality of all of these things that it's just about law enforcement to get these characters, you know, off the road that have been done in one fell swoop. It's really an institution, if you ask me. It's an agenda. Well, let me go to Bayo. Bayo is standing by. My colleague is standing by. I'm very sure he's burning to ask some questions. Before we take a break for the news, Bayo, over to you. Thank you. And I've been listening to Mr. Brathwaite. And it's been quite interesting to follow through with his thoughts. I'd just like to ask you your thoughts on the real system because you were talking about transportation. If you look at New Delhi, which is the capital of India, it's called the National Capital Region, NCR. It has 22 to 23 million people, which is almost the same population as Baygos. And New Delhi has, New Delhi is 1,483 square kilometers, whereas Baygos is 1,171 square kilometers. Now, New Delhi's metro is 348.12 kilometers. So basically what they did in India is the metro, Koba's Uttar Pradesh, which is the state, the largest state in India, actually, it's 100 million people. So Koba's Uttar Pradesh, Koba's Haryana, Koba, all these states around. So if you talk of Baygos, it would be states, parts of your state, because people come from all these places into Baygos. And we know already people live in a new state. But then the real system that Lagos has put, the light and the red and the blue rail, I don't know what the total kilometers are. I think they are less than 25 or something like this. So you mentioned fairy, what exactly would be your reaction or your response to making an electric rail system more efficient with more coverage in Lagos with a population of 22 million? Again, thank you very much. I did say earlier to your colleague that we've got brains with the answers. Even hearing from you, the statistics that you've reeled out are shocking to me, the extent to which you say India has covered their own expanse. This shows that that's a government that wants to do stuff, because that's nearly a third of the whole kilometers of New Delhi that you mentioned, that they've now rolled out their rolling stock. We have been trying for at least 12 years, at least for one generation to try and even roll out one rail stock. That is shameful. It is sad. It's unconscionable, really, to say the least. And what I would do is get on with it. As a private sector individual, you have deadlines that you need to meet. Because bear in mind something else, that if you take more time than is actually budgeted for, what you've effected on is that you've increased the cost of running that project. And who gets to really lose out on that, that's the people. Who gets to be unhappy about the unhappiness continues. It's the people. If you want your people to really be happy, if you really want to make sure that people have reasonable livelihood, then you need to get these things done snappily. They have to be done in order. You don't have forever to do this. Life is going on. We're getting older and older. Look, the beards are going from black to gray to white. So at the end of the day, we have to just get on with it. I will change the priorities, because this is just a question of priority and priority setting. All the things are there. The loans are there. It's not the governor that's going there and constructing the rails. The people are there. The experts are there. The consultants are there. So it comes down to priority setting. It comes down to who cares, who gives a damn. So I would reset the priority. I would say and give conditions that say, hey, look, if this thing is not done by this date, then somebody is going to be paying penalties. And you will be surprised at how fast that is going to happen. I'm going to be done. It's just about reprioritization, really. OK. Well, I know you're bursting with more questions. But at this point, we might just need to take a break when we return. After the news, we'll be looking at so many other ones. Maybe we'll be more snappy than these. We'll look at the population. We'll look at education. We'll look at the economy. These are the things that really concern the people. If you address that, and we know that they are good enough for us, then the next thing is to use our PVCs and know what to do. But in the meantime, I'd like to let you know that the show continues. We are going to just take a short break and bring the news. And after that, we conclude with Mr. Braidweight. Stay with us. Well, we're still here. And we're happy that you are there as well, watching us. It's still the run-up on Plus TV Africa. We're still here with the NRM candidate, Governorship Candidate for Legal State, Mr. Akin Braidweight, NRC, National Rescue Movement. I'm going back to that viola days, the NRC and the SDC. Yes, yes, yes. When it was two parties, it was really easy for us. Now there are so many parties. But you were not originally in NRM. Correct. Why did you, because a lot of people, when you cross-cap it, they say you ran away. Why did you run away from where you were? You know, there's a time for everything. There's a time to fight. There's a time to run. So the good book says, I ran. Yes. Because of ideological differences. The Nigerian political system is broken. I think most pundits will agree with that view. And we have to fix it. At the end of the day, you look at politics as the upstream and look at governance and government as downstream. So whatever happens in government takes its bearings from what happens right there in the upstream section. My definition of politics is that it is human affairs and economics. And everything that has to happen with human affairs has to come from an ideological base. You recall that I said earlier at the beginning that we have to bring the ethics back into everything that we do in life, and especially in the area of governance. So if I do see that my ideology is social justice, it's about ethics. And if I'm going along and I see that there's a big variance and it's growing, I will excuse myself. Because there's no point in trying to fight and to try to force people. So you had to leave there and become a member of NRM that has a B for it. A B for its logo, yes. It always beats me why that is. But we'll come to that if we have time. Right now we want to look at the population of Lagos state. There seemed to be a death in the number of public schools, for instance, because now it has given room to private individuals to establish up to about 20,000 schools out of which only 35% is approved by government and all that. So which means there are people who are desperate to go to school, but they are not enough schools and all that. And for a people to develop, for a place to develop, you have to have people who are educated. So what specifically will you do in terms of education to improve the level of education, the standards, and everything in Lagos state very briefly so that we can cover up? Other things. Yeah, the sad thing is that in Lagos, we have over 2 million children out of school. And it again comes back to this thing about what's the agenda? Are we following the ground norm of society, which is a constitution, which says that you have to ensure that all social services are provided for everyone. Education is a social service. It's not something that government does to make profit. But it depends on, again, your mindset around these things and how you look at this stuff. Because why do you want your people educated anyway? Because you're living in a world where you're competitive. And it is the people that are going to compete in the world stage. It's the people that are going to build, manufacture, create, grow in agriculture. All of these things are stuff that we need to get done. And we can only get them done if our people are educated. So the starting point is very, very vital. The immediate thing I would do is that I would give autonomy to local governments. You see, in creating a constitution, you're looking at society and how you structure society. So our society is structured on three levels, federal, state, and local government. Each level has its own responsibility. So the federal will have responsibility for the federal schools and universities. State has its own responsibility. Local government has a responsibility for three levels of education. Basic, primary education, adult education, and vocational education and training. So I have to hand that back to say, look, guys, you've got to face what you've got to face. Don't just sit around. What are you, local government authorities and whatever doing? You've got to face what you need to face. And that's your responsibility. And there's a report card for that. So they have to take on the basic primary education aspect. The constitution gives them that constitutional responsibility, the IGR that they make, and all the fact that is shared down to them is meant to cover parts of what it's meant for, is education. It's explicitly stated, expressly so. And that's what they have to do, whether they like it or not. If they don't want to do it, then they need to get out of the position and let those who rightly can and have the capacity and capability do have will encourage such people to take up those things. The second aspect is that the state kind of sets the mark. And you cannot continue to teach using old methods and old tools. So technology has to be an essential part, because you don't need all the classrooms that you have today. Roll out the state will ensure that it rolls out internet, fast internet as a tool and as a platform for education, because now we can have the best teachers anywhere in the world teaching our children by using remote learning methods and capabilities. There are also things that are already there that are there for. And there's something they now call self-paced learning. You don't have to now take everybody through a root system. So all our kids will be put through their self-paced learning. And it will be different strands and different columns of clusters of learning. Because if this one is science oriented and whatever, then they'll be going through those kind of modules. And the artificial intelligence as built into the computerized system will help that child along and will push that child along the thing. Self-paced learning, it will do the scoring and help that child. And it will be gamified in such a way that the children enjoy it. And they will go through it. And that puts us really back. We have to have our children coding and getting into all this internet related world, because that's also where the world is going. Robotics, all of these things. We have to change the whole way in which we approach education. And that's how we're going to do it. Bayo, you were standing by. I'm sure you have questions to reel out. So over to you. Yeah. Thank you, Yungu. And once again, Mr. Akinbrayfi, thank you for your perspectives. I was still in education. If you observe what has happened or what has been happening in the country, say, in the past 30 years, there's been a lot of focus on building universities, establishing universities, to the detriment of the primary school. We have focused so much on that, spent too much money on the government's private sector religious organizations. And we keep complaining that the conduct of our citizens are values, yourselves talk about ethos and so on today. But I want to ask you, because you have mentioned the primary school and what the local governments are actually supposed to be doing, two great questions. One, what calibre of people with your administration and college to take over the governance at the local government level? Because those things you mentioned are no things in my view that a kind of people who run local governments today with due respect are going to be able to deal with. Second question, what percentage of young budgets are you prepared to dedicate to primary school education as a foundation? Thank you. Thank you very much. Let's start with the last question. Since it won't be the state, it will be for the local government. And I would think that they must be looking at at least 12% to 15% of the budget to really cover that properly. And essentially, as I said, one would really help them. The state is there to provide support, not to take over the role of a tier of government that has been very, very carefully crafted. And that works everywhere in the world. Even that's how China was able to bring its hundreds of millions out of poverty by really, really going and doing things really at the local level. So you're having a bottom up. So if you and I really believe that you have to build a proper foundation and you have to grow your society bottom up, then it means that we need to pay serious attention to what's going on at that foundational level. Now, the local government level is within proximity of the people. So in effect, when you're doing local government, giving that role back to local government, then it's the people. Power belongs back to the people. So the people get to decide who really should be in terms of the kind of caliber of person that has to be defined. When you're going for a job, such as I am going for the job of governor, there has to be certain person specification that must be met. And you're absolutely correct that we must say, OK, what specification of what type of person, what type of individual, what type of man or woman is going to be able to do this job, build the GDP, grow GDP of local government, build primary health care in local government, construct the roads that our local government roads under the purview of local government, who amongst us should be the kind of person that we would need to employ into that capacity. Who are the counselors? That must be the lawmakers, and that must be the good governance inspectors, as it were. Because that's the role that they're meant to also play. They need to go and see what's going on and have that oversight of what's happening at the local government. So anything that's happening at federal state also needs to obtain at the local government level. So you have this group of people, not just the local government chairman, but the counselors who are really, really meant to go out there and do their job day after day after day to ensure that all of these things that they have a balance scorecard and ensure that all of these things that we expect to happen actually happen. So it's up to us the people. We've taken our eye off the ball. We've taken our views away from local governance. And that's why you have anything goes to the point where we're just saddled with those who are thrown at us. That definitely has to change. OK. Thank you. Just one more follow-up question on my side. And now I'm talking about health. I'm not going to talk about the hospitals, the hardware. But I want to talk about, if you like, the software, the personnel, medical practitioners, paramedical staff, and so on. In the recent past, we've seen a situation in which Nigeria has been losing some of its medical personnel to some so-called developed economies. And we all know it's because if you take Britain, especially, that the exit imposed a lot of challenges on the United Kingdom. And they lost a lot of money. They also have come in there to work, who now have to go back to go elsewhere. But the question I have is, today, globally, talent is acquired from anywhere. The British example of taking our doctors out justifies an emerging trend in the international talent acquisition process. So the question is, what would you do, given the fact that legal state has, at least in the country, probably the best or one of the best health care systems, even though we still complain generally, we are far below, as in hope, where we should be? Well, how could you retain and motivate health professionals for the legal state public service, given this challenge that I have mentioned, that's global? Just briefly. Right, OK. So I think that, basically, you cannot encourage people without proper incentives. I do believe that we really need to look at the remuneration packages of our professionals. You can't ask people to be doing such serious work as really, really helping to preserve the lives of our citizens and then just don't look at whether their take home pay really takes them home. They must have very, very good living wages. The facilities must really definitely be top notch. The Constitution, as I alluded to earlier in section 16, really speaks to the fact that we must have quality maximum welfare of everybody, including our professionals who are providing the services. So you start from that very, very first principle that says, is this going to make people happy? Both those who are providing the services and those who are going to be the recipients of the services. So if we start from that basic, we will find what is required to really look after these people, i.e., our doctors, our professionals. And then they, in turn, will look after our citizens and provide happiness. OK, I wish we had more time. Please, ladies and gentlemen, if you're watching us now, you can still ask your questions, even though we can't take them on the program today. It's at plus TV Africa, if it is on Twitter or Instagram. And I'm hoping that you have also a social media account that people can connect with. Yes, I can breathe with its world on Instagram and I can breathe with it on Twitter. I can breathe with wealth on Instagram. No, I can breathe with its world. OK, well, OK. Yeah, I can breathe with its world on Instagram. And I can breathe with it on Twitter. OK. And I've got a website, I can breathe with it.com. OK, so if you have any questions, you can ask him. At least we have a channel that we can ask him any questions. And I'd like to say that you've been a wonderful audience and let's do it again tomorrow. Bayo, thank you so much for being there for us, as always. My pleasure. OK, so we'd like to thank you so much for coming on the show today and we wish you well. Thank you very much for having me. I've enjoyed it. So if you're watching us as they run up and we'll return tomorrow for another edition, until then, my name is Nyam Gul Aghaji. Thanks for being there.


The harm reduction president keeps killing people. Notes from the edge of the narrative matrix. The harm reduction president just bombed Afghanistan and Somalia and added further sanctions to Cuba. As total mass media blackouts on important news stories become more common, the challenge increasingly is not just obtaining newsworthy information about the powerful via whistle-blowing investigative journalism, etc., but also finding ways to get that information seen by people. Which is awful, but it also means people like you now play a much more important role in the media, because you don't need to be an investigative journalist or whistle-blower to find fun and creative ways to get important critical information in front of people's eyes. Those who can get people to actually see critical information are just as important as those who obtain that information, because since the media won't report on it, getting it circulating on social media is highly important. If you can do this, you're making a huge difference. Find ways to distribute information by packaging it in fun and interesting ways, using memes, getting it to go viral online, distributing flyers, giving talks, anything you can think of to open people's eyes to what's going on and you'll be doing humanity a tremendous service. All the journalists and whistle-blowers do important work, but their work won't make a damn bit of difference if nobody sees it. We can all do what they do, but we can all help spread awareness in our own unique and creative ways. The most important thing is getting unauthorized information over the echo chamber walls of the people who already know about it. We all kind of talk to ourselves in our little circles, so we want to get ideas and information out to people who don't normally hear such things. The cool thing about having a U.S. president with obvious dementia symptoms is that it makes it clear that the administration is running independent of his authority, which is like training wheels for the reality that all administrations are run independent of any president's authority. It turns out a presidential administration can run fine even if the president has a degenerative neurological disease. Perhaps the presidency isn't as important as advertised. Perhaps the most powerful government in the world isn't being run by its elected officials at all. If Kamala takes over for Joe, all that will change is the U.S. will go from having a fake puppet president with dementia to having a fake puppet president who doesn't have dementia. If the president were in charge, then the presidency which campaigned as the anti-trump wouldn't be continuing all of the Trump administration's policies that powerful people care about. Yet it is. It's not dementia, Biden has a speech impediment. A speech impediment which causes a rapidly exacerbating shift in personality and demeanor and ability to organize thoughts over a period of several years. Boy, this U.S.-led world order sure is working out great. This was definitely worth killing millions of people in imperialist wars for. While everyone's fighting to make sure all American schools teach kids that slavery was bad and the KKK is immoral, perhaps you could get them teaching kids that murdering millions of people in other countries for power and profit is also not good. Basically what happened was a hundred years ago some communists overthrew the Russian Empire and then the entire worldwide capitalist class spent the next century inventing propaganda and surveillance systems and robot and drone technologies to help make sure that can never happen to them. Me. We need to end the system which destroys our environment for profit and leads to widespread mass murder and injustice and world-threatening nuclear escalations because if we don't everyone will die. Army of weird idiots. You just don't understand economics, brah. I have not one shred of respect for the position that one mustn't criticize vaguely progressive politicians because they're the best we've got. The fact that a few shitty imperialists are the best you've got is the problem. A system which bans any politicians who aren't shitty imperialists must be criticized.  That's exactly why you do need to say they're all shitty imperialists.  You can't just not talk about that.  It's really really creepy watching more and more people's minds fold and transform into tools of the Pentagon in real time. It's like watching a zombie outbreak. A big part of the problem is that just as the insane don't know they're insane, the propagandized don't know they're propagandized. Criticize all the anti-China propaganda that's going around and people say Why are you defending a government that wants to take over the world and harvest my organs and give me a social credit score? And they think that's normal. They have no idea their mind has been transformed into a tool of the pentagon by mass-scale psyops. They think they're defending an objective reality. This is a major challenge because nobody's going to remove a blindfold they don't believe exists. The last secretary of state openly admitted the U.S. is sanctioning Iran into the stone age so that the people will get so miserable they rise up against their government. And yet when protests happen in Iran due to shortages caused by sanctions, there are still people who buy it. Every mistake I've ever made in this job was the result of listening to other people instead of trusting my gut and moving with my own intuition and inspiration. I'm too experienced at this point to let anyone cajole me into writing about their pet topic in their way.


Can you tell us how you actually defined Doxin and the difference between Doxin and real reporting? Yeah, of course. Hello and welcome back to all my YouTube rumble and bit shoot people. Didn't know I was on all those other platforms. Well, look at the description and pinned comment to find all those links. So over the last couple weeks we've all been traded to some of that A-grade highly potent top shelf gaslighting. From the likes of the Washington Post and one of their mentally ill goblins pretending to be a journalist who decided that as a journalist she was gonna target a private citizen for the high crime of reposting the words of extremist left-wingers. That brings us to today where Lorenz is apparently still somehow doing interviews on this topic. Despite being nuked and discredited for her increasingly psychotic looking communist crusade, then again she's doing this interview with a guy whose show was cancelled a month after it was launched. And I promise we're getting right into this clip. But first a quick 30 seconds to tell you about this special offer from preparewithdronetech.com. Friends, big dangers are all around us these days. To survive what's coming you need to be prepared and self-reliant. That's why I recommend getting yourself some cryptocurrency, some land, some gold, but especially a proper stockpile of emergency food. It's easier than you think. Go to preparewithdronetech.com right now. And you'll save $50 and get free shipping on a generous four-week supply of emergency food from my Patreon supply. Go to preparewithdronetech.com right now. That's preparewithdronetech.com So here's the next one. The conservative supporters of this account said you were doxing the person. You're doxing them. So can you tell us how you actually defined doxing and the difference between doxing and real reporting? Yeah, of course. Well, the word doxing has been so devalued and it just kind of is a buzzword now in the right way media. Doxing means revealing highly, highly personal, non-public information with the goal of harassment or sort of destroying someone's life. We absolutely did not reveal any personal information about this woman at all. Of course! She really just oozes crazy, doesn't she? As usual, we're dealing with another one of these bubble-dwelling NPCs who lacks any sense of self-awareness. So right off the bat with this, they're lying. With Lorenz just dismissing that she was doxing because, quote, doxing is just a buzzword used by right-wing media. Of course, this is absurd. Doxing is a real thing and Lorenz did it. She claims that neither her nor the Washington Post released any of this person's information at all. One, we didn't even know that she was a woman. I mean, why did we need to know that? Two, not only did Lorenz show up to her family member's house and harassed them, but she was harassing other people, random people who just happened to share the last name. She even harassed and threatened people who interacted with Libs of Tiktok on Twitter. And finally, she did in fact release her personal information, including that she's a real estate person in Brooklyn, along with all of her contact details. They remove that from the story later, but the internet never forgets. Lastly, she claims that she wasn't doxing and rationalizes that by saying doxing is done to, quote, target and ruin someone's life. Oh really? Then why were you contacting all these people and then accusing them of being part of a, quote, hate campaign?  It'll come back to bite them remotely. And you know, I know that sometimes reporting practices can seem foreign to people that aren't familiar with journalism, but this was very by the book and very benign. And the thing is the right wing media will lie, right? They kind of just will spin up these narratives. The goal is to sow doubt and to discredit journalism. Did you catch that? Right wing media are people who try to sow doubt and discredit journalism. My first question is, does this nut job literally think that her job is above scrutiny? Of course, anybody that criticizes or questions her journalism must be a right wing fanatic. Right wing being anything they just don't want to have to deal with. And that is, you know, that is, that is their agenda. And I think we need to be prepared for that and recognize those things for what it is. I mean, you know, Brian, so much of what I do is try and educate people about the mechanics of these online outrage cycles and harassment and sort of educate news organizations on how to cover it and how to understand bad faith attacks. And so I think it's really important as, you know, us members of the media who cover media to recognize bad faith attacks when they're when they're levy. There's just so much projection and inability to self reflect everything she just said could be applied to her and this whole charade. Can she not see that? She literally targeted lives of TikTok because her and her readers were outraged that she's reposting things that were already publicly posted. And I just love that she feels it's her job to educate the media on how to cover these stories. It's all just so herwellian, anti-democratic and communist. Everything that she says here runs counter to the principles of journalism and free speech. You know how I know for a fact that I'm right about this, because if we were to take her tactics and use them against her, she would suddenly have a problem with it. And you know what? This isn't even hypothetical because it happened. Every single social tie, I had severe PTSD from this. I contemplated suicide. It got really bad.  And it's so isolating and terrifying. It's horrifying. I'm so sorry. It's overwhelming. It's really hard. Oh come on, are you kidding me? She's trying to stop herself from laughing. There is no story here without the left-wing outrage.  I think it's rare to see an account gain so much prominence so quickly and be shaping these narratives in such an effective way, especially against trans people. So let me get this right. This assault on a private citizen for exercising free speech in a very passive way actually. Again, she's just reposting videos that these libs had already posted to the public. It's all justified because Taylor Wren says that it's against trans people. What exactly is against trans people on the lives of TikTok account? We don't know because she doesn't provide any examples or a shred of evidence to back up her accusations. The lives of TikTok account repost videos of people acting completely absurdly so that the rest of us can point and laugh. In some cases, she does repost videos of people from education. These people are typically flaunting the fact that they are extremists and that's what leads to them losing their jobs. If there's anybody that lives of TikTok is targeting, it's insane people who have already flaunted to the world that they have no business teaching. Not to mention that the Democrat state media pretends like these people don't exist. So of course journalists like Lorenz here are trying to cover it up by taking out lives of TikTok. You'll notice that her initial rationalization for targeting lives of TikTok was because she was able to get so many followers and was so effective in her messaging. What she doesn't say here is that the messaging is so effective because the message is coming straight from the horse's mouth. I use the term minor attracted person or math in the title and throughout the book for multiple reasons. First of all, because I think it's important to use terminology for groups that members of that group want others to use for them. And math advocacy groups like Before You Act have advocated for use of the term map. They've advocated for it primarily because it's less stigmatizing than other terms like pedophile. A lot of people, when they hear the term pedophile, they automatically assume that it means a sex offender. And that isn't true, and it leads to a lot of misconceptions about attractions toward minors. It's undeniable because it's right there in their own words. And I think it's incredibly important, you know, as someone that covers the influence or industry to know who is exerting influence in this way. I mean, for all we knew, this could have been a foreign actor, right? Or someone we just didn't know. Like, of course! Do you believe this story? This doesn't even make any sense. You revealed her identity because you didn't know who she was, but the Washington Post statement was, quote, her identity had become public knowledge. If her identity was public knowledge, then Lorenz would have known that she wasn't a foreign actor.  It turns out, like it always does, that the only people who use foreign actors in this situation was the Washington Post and Taylor Lorenz. Imagine that, accusing her political opponents of what she was actually engaged in. We never see that, do we? Didn't Stelter just speak at a conference about disinformation? Well, it was apparently a training conference because this entire segment was disinformation. It really makes you wonder why a company like T-Mobile would sponsor such a corrupt show.  That's all I have for that one. If you enjoyed it, please hit that like button, share, and subscribe. Then leave a comment to let us all know what you think. Thanks a lot.


Hi, my name is Lynn Weaver. I live in Davis and I am at home in shelter and place, like most. Today is my fifth plus week of confinement. I'll be going out to the country for a brisk walk, listening to my favorite music, great American country music. And later on, I will do a Skype interview for my next article with a French author who lives in Vancouver, Canada. And the article, unfortunately, is due yesterday. On week number one, I remember thinking, everything is going to be just fine. I work quite a lot from home anyway, internet, zoom, Skype, FaceTime, and WhatsApp all work just fine. I'm going to use the time for creating great things. I checked on my friends and family around the world, researched the virus, and watched some of the latest news. Then I took out my Pilati mat and my weights and practiced planks and abs. What about the garden? Well, it was too rainy and cold out there to do anything. In the evening, I binged on bland family movies that always seemed to be ending well. The following weeks have basically dissipated into oblivion, but for one notable exception. I distinctly remember how I dislike what I cook.  Dreaming of what I will do when this is over. There's nothing like dreaming to focus the mind. It chases away boredom. Good dreams, of course. Actually, bad dreams can be good too, like when you wake up from a nightmare and you are so relieved when, my goodness, it was just a dream. There you have it. Love and a million virtual hugs to all.


Everybody forced here ripping 2023 Donor's football hobby three bucks number five random teams. Good luck Four and one five times. Let's do the random that will get started one two three four and five Carl Pete down to Michael R And the teams one two three four and five Dallas down to Kansas City All right, Carl with cowboys Greg L jets Michael D. Jags Brian C Vikings Michael D. Bill's Daniel P. Commanders Nunzeo Chargers Keith B. Bengels Sean R. Packers Michael D. Steelers Michael R. Panthers Michael D. Lions Justin C. Dolphins Michael R. Cardinals Roy C with the Broncos Ray G Titans Michael D. Bears Paul W. Patriots Christian W. Colts Michael W. With the Seahawks Max Maximilian with the Browns Greg L. Rams Corey G. Falcons Michael D. Giants Anthony P. Bucks Eagles Michael R. Saints Shane R. Raiders Amadeo Ravens Maximilian Niners Sam A The Texans and Michael R. With the Chiefs Cowboys Carl Cowboys All right, let's do this James that was that LeBron? Hey, see a Charles talk to you later, man key raided rookie Darryl call on the portrait We're at weird order here Gino Smith strange order on that one Maisie Smith Got Tillman there Kendra Miller Relic pack Addison ready rookie base for Minnesota with an Aaron Jones Jersey card for Green Bay Jersey Kings the 399 That's CD action all pros fans of the game rich Eisen Justin shorter Shubbed their Lucas Van Ness portrait and Davis Mills die cut out of 75 Texans Looking for a different Texans quarterback On the numbered card there. Oh, Jalari Chase dominators bomb squad Smith and Jigba Seahawks McPherson red Evan Hall Tyree killed Dominators Dolphins inducted is Thomas Dolphins Zach Thomas Hall of Famer get real He's Not dude, he's Shorty average Raking people William Perry Gridiron Kings Addison Vikings got O'Connell rated rookie Raiders Aquias test O'Connell nice rated rookie for the Raiders Tyree Wilson as well as the rookies there That was a really good Raiders pack. There's a retro on the back, too Yeah, flexi it was close at the mills. There's a Dell rated rookie. There we go Houston Roquan Smith Higbee no name for the Rams bomb squad Clifford Tune I think Penex, I mean they're both seniors. Oh, okay, Bo Nix is like 24. I Pretty sure he's like 23 or 24 Penex is like 23 as well like they're both old. Okay. Okay, Biggs be so they're not the Dude's got a freaking cannon. So do you tell him into 147 rated rookie for the Browns? They went to the wrong camera, I think Cameraman was not ready Anthony Richardson rated rookie for the Colts Zave flowers autograph number to 25 congrats Baltimore elite series rookie auto great hits Great player. There we go. Awesome. Say for Baltimore. I'm a day. Oh Got rid of rookie red Zach Evans for the Rams. I've never heard that before I know Good Magda is a very nice Byron young Just a basic Buckner behind him weird Tilman the rookies champions here Chanel Yeah, they're like a very like a variation than no names branch Anthony Richardson the rookies or elite series rather there we go Andy Luke schoonmaker Quinn Williams Roderick Jones Debo Samuel dominators Roshan Johnson Jason Kelsey Candice It's not number all the canvases numbered Top-loaded. It's an SP. I thought it was but they were numbered though. I'm just confused ATN Got Allen and to 87 rated rookie a sam la porta lion nice card It's a little strange. It's more of a baseball thing. It's more of like an old-school like variation thing I think a lot people try to use it for modern cards, but tops us a lot with like you see like gypsy Queen What heritage? Different like swaps or whatever take Bigsby. That is champions card chiefs Can't wait for 2024 Don Russ where they have champions here Patriots cards Chris Rodriguez. Yeah, Kenneth Walker Lou Nichols that they're a drink you read with the faggers. I'm so excited Can't wait to see it so excited to be Porter there You lead series chiefs of Kelsey Josh Downs portraits in a redded rookie red of hyatt for the Giants. That's what you're gonna get dude. What do you mean? That happens man values change quick Especially when it's not the top dude of a class it can happen fast Plus, you know how the market is Rory. It's so it's so up and down these days It's like in football this year. It's been a week to week howl has a good game howl's hot howl hasn't been a game It's down like don't ever commanders don't sell Throws for a touchdown. It's like a good. It's crazy Kenny Macintosh People all people so many people are reactive Aiden Hutchinson that is a rated rookie will Anderson jr. Nice one. No name variation for Houston It's it seems low to me too Jane Reed raid rookie Packers. I think a lot of people already turning their money to women Yama and stuff though Maisie Smith rated rookie red for the Cowboys No, how howl is good. I think howl is good Bryce young rated rookie Quentin Johnston the rookies bomb squad Tillman Tommy DeVito RPA. What was Tommy DeVito a rookie? I literally have no idea And then who Tommy DeVito was until like three weeks ago Exactly up to the moment where Jones got hurt. I didn't know who he was So Richardson portrait for the Colts and a die cut of Jordan Brooks to 75 Seattle What do you think on that is that hand going forward? I think so. Yeah Why else would the ball fly forward going? He hits it out of his hand though, so I guess we just have control. It's a fumble, right? What they call in the field that's what's gonna be I don't know. I didn't I looked up and it was just all mess I didn't see if not They called it a fumble. It's uh Clifford rated rookie Packers the work he's Jane Reed Packers Burrow Because the ball was like knocked out of his hand then it went forward you lost possession I really see it super well, so dude John, what did Washington do to you man? Jackson Smith and Jigba rated rookie for the Seahawks That is Judy to 100 for the Broncos highlights London Wicks their Jalen Carter jersey card for the Eagles out of 399 Kendra Miller the rookies rich Eisen Thanks, they're Irving Friar Canvas of Michael Wilson rated rookie for the Cardinals not canvas with portrait to 53 Shaq Leonard Colts He didn't sign it did he Shaquille entered I Know last I heard is visiting the Cowboys. I guess he didn't sign yet though Max Duke and show you know what I'll take a couple weeks off and then I'll sign City lamb champions here Kelsey make he rated rookie red for the Eagles keep doing these rollouts. It's so weird. Oh Yeah, yeah, the Abbey Evan Hall rated rookie optic preview autograph Colts Nice one Colts where she rice elite series Richardson grid iron Kings for the Colts Tyree kill Laporta, well McDonald. They're trying to get the quarterback hurt or something by running him. I'm Ari Cooper Yeah, you tell the side but the first downmarkers there over shown Dominators of two.  Sorry not cams portrait portrait rookie for the Texas canvases are much rarer I don't think it does either. I think it's gonna be I think it's gonna the conversation is gonna be had though Drake may will be a top five pick probably number two, right? Probably one two quarterback here Again, I think it was the Claire's I think we're all comes down to it tanked out grid iron Kings for the Texans You don't walk away from number one overall pick Or like top two pick What is he gonna do go play again at risk another injury grid iron marvels? Justin Jefferson short print Minnesota Heck yes, man First SP insert of the night who has the who has the Vikings love it for you Brian C Jay Jenna's great at marvels. It looks so much better this year. Yes to Chanel He won't make more money than going to the NFL If you're number one overall pick you make a bank Joshua Williams champ is here to 100 chiefs Guys, I would get it now like guys will go back to school now with NIL. Yeah, like if they're You know Not projected to be a top like five or ten pick, but I Don't know that's crazy Roshan Johnson rated rookie Jalen Hurts Jersey Card Eagles out of 399 you take that chance of injury Yeah, man, what happened? Who was it? Jake Locker did I know he didn't pan on the NFL But Jake Locker supposed to go number one who went back for a senior season and went like 10th or 11th or something in the next draft Domitres my home Super Bowl is hurts So what does he want to fall the draft in like I don't like Johnson Tyler Scott the 54 rated rookie for the Bears you guys think he's bluffing or no It does look like another 2021 QB class Michael Wilson the rookies for the Cardinals Bomb squad hooker to Juan Johnson Yeah, like I know they won't have the word over a pixel like if Cleveland was drafting number one overall I'd be like I think I'm gonna stay in Southern California here. Yeah, I'm going to Cleveland, Ohio exactly I mean Redemption Veejan Robinson elite series rookie autograph Falcons now There we go Falcons Yeah, I'll make money, but he's also potentially leaving a bunch of money on like much more money on the table Great Iron Kings but then Jake Basihawks Contracts you make more staying in college for a year. How much is his NIL stuff worth right now? He's like the top one. He's like four points something four or five million Yeah, so that's like that's like four game checks for him in his rookie year if he goes number one how much they make What's the it's what it's per slot and like and like pick right? Yeah, let's look at Bryce Young's contracts. Yeah Young and Stroud contract four years three and a set three thirty eight million basically He'd make more in the NFL But like if he thinks that I Mean he's gonna make a money other way. Yeah, I don't know maybe he's bluffing.  I think I don't know if he actually like he might actually want to but We'll see but then again like he's gonna have to play and risk injury again If he wants to go number one overall, you can't sit out a whole season to go number one overall I would think Although Jamar tasted that we should have to fit the overalls as a receiver, which is basically number one So I guess I guess you could do it. I don't think there'll be a bunch of NIL money coming if he sits out though I'm sure there's stipulations on that stuff We'll levy straight a rookie good problem to have though If you're Caleb Williams Josh Allen out of 75 bills. I don't think he'll Jamarcus. He's not gonna get like out of shape and like fat and stuff but like In no con all the rookies for the for the Raiders Jamarcus Russell was the reason they changed the number one pick thing like they they like Mela structured system of how much you can make at what pick or whatever He's the literal reason they did that Jamarcus Russell Powerplush Justin Jefferson tank Bigsby canvas portrait, I mean portrait portrait missing that up Look, I just think the likelihood of him doing is low Not that he won't So love a no name variation of Henry for the Titans Which eyes in like no one really knows if these guys are gonna be good Jordan Addison raider rookie Vikings That's why even in the NFL like first-round pick like hit percentage is like 50% Raider rookie red Roshan Johnson bears the experts the experts the pros of people to actually do it Get it right half the time in the first round. So it's not it's not great Olava aqueous test Saints That's in Bennett's Richardson the rookies How's that Wilson doing Paulie's pretty good B. John Robinson there Maisie Smith Broderick Jones is 77 rated rookie for the Steelers. I'm gonna get a boxer rappers down with this both bottom corners are peeling a bit just In the back of the pack. I don't know why they do that in Don Russ Richardson rated rookie for the Colts now. I got like I said, I don't think he'll do I don't think he'll go back to school What? With the NIL now there is for sure that conversation gonna be had every year. Okay relics of Hertz Jalen Carter and Aaron Jones autos of Evan Hall optic preview rated rookie B. John Robinson elite series Ricky Otto for Atlanta Grand Iron marvels J Jetta's for the Vikings and is a flowers out of the 25 for the Ravens elite series That'll do. Thanks again. Everybody moving on now number six


All right, so our pressure volume phase diagrams tell us about the difference between liquids and gases with a phase coexistence region in between and supercritical fluid at high temperatures. We can understand those phase diagrams quite a bit better. It turns out if we use the Van der Waals equation of state rather than the ideal gas equation of state, it turns out the Van der Waals equation of state will help us understand not just the properties of gases, what we're used to thinking of the Van der Waals equation is telling us about, but also indeed something about liquids in this phase coexistence region and supercritical substances as well. So remember that we have several different ways of thinking about the Van der Waals equation. These are all just different rearranged versions of the same equation. We have a version like this that looks a lot like pressure times the volume equals RT. So it's reminiscent of the ideal gas law. We have this version that's the one that we would want to use if we want to solve for pressure as a function of V and T. That describes pressure as a function. So that's the isotherms that we'll graph in just a second that draw a graph for pressure as it depends on volume at some temperature. But we also have this way of thinking about it that's going to turn out to be useful where we've rearranged it to look like a cubic expression in volume that would be what we would need to use if we wanted to solve for the molar volume. So let's start by thinking about this one, this cubic expression. What that means is if in fact we want to think about the function V bar, the molar volume as a function of P and T, to solve this cubic equation. A cubic equation has three solutions, has three roots. So what that means is sometimes we'll solve for, if I give you a pressure and a temperature, turns out sometimes you can find three solutions to that equation, three different values of the molar volume that solve those conditions equally well. So sometimes we have three real solutions, or as you remember from Algebra sometimes those three solutions might only be one real solution, which means that we have a pair of imaginary solutions as well. So thinking only about the real solutions we can solve for the molar volume and sometimes get one answer or sometimes get three answers. So what does that mean? That means if I give you a pressure, if I say here's a pressure and I give you a temperature, perhaps you can come up with three molar volumes or perhaps you can come up with one and we'll see what that looks like on this graph. So what we need to do is draw some of these P as a function of, this graph is set up for P as a function of V. So if we use this function to draw the graphs, let's draw some curves at a variety of temperatures, draw some isotherms on this curve. So the first, because it's easiest, we'll think about an isotherm that's at a temperature well above the critical temperature. If we're at a very high temperature, so this term that involves the T is quite large, I can make that one large compared to this one. So this term becomes negligible and the pressure is going to look essentially just like 1 over V. It behaves a lot like an ideal gas at very high temperatures. So there's an isotherm for how the pressure depends on volume at high temperatures. And that is what we'd expect to see from an ideal gas. If I give you a pressure and say find a point on this isotherm that has this pressure, you can find exactly one point on this curve and read down and obtain the volume. So there's one solution at that pressure and that temperature. But this is a cubic function in V, or if we look at it here, there's a 1 over V and a 1 over V squared. What that means is if I graph this expression at lower temperatures, I can get equations that look like this. So that oscillatory function might be a little bit reminiscent of a cubic. It goes down and then back up and then down again. That's an example of the type of curve we might get by plotting this graph at a lower temperature where both the negative term from attractive interactions and this first term are significant. So notice that the way I've drawn this curve intersects the liquid and gas region of this phase coexistence curve. What it also means is that if I provide you a pressure, let's say this pressure, and a temperature, let's say the temperature of this isotherm that's below the critical temperature, if I say find me a point on this graph that has this value for the pressure, you can find me several values. You can find me three, in fact, values where on this isotherm, the pressure is equal to the pressure that I gave you. So that's the case where there's three solutions. If I were to give you this pressure, here's a pressure, here's a different pressure. If I give you this pressure, there's only one solution. If I give you this pressure, there may be three solutions. So that's what it means to have this cubic equation maybe have three or one solutions on this graph. We can draw a few more cases in between. At high temperatures, the graph might begin to wiggle a little bit without actually executing any minima and maximum. Just begins to look not quite like an ideal gas. Turns out there's a particular curve exactly at the critical temperature where it, as we've seen before, where it just kisses the top of this phase coexistence region, becomes horizontal just for exactly one point. undergoes an inflection point, changes from being concave up, up to this point to concave down, just beyond that point. So the critical temperature has a lot of interesting features along that isotherm. So let's see what we can understand about the liquid gas coexistence regions and the liquid and gas phase behavior from these Van der Waals curves. In cases where there are three real solutions, in cases like this one, where I've said, find me a pressure. Find me a volume, either this volume, or this volume, along this isotherm that has this pressure. There were three solutions. The reason the Van der Waals equation is predicting three solutions, turns out it would be better if it didn't predict three solutions. It would be better if it predicted an infinite number of solutions. If you remember what the actual isotherms look like, not for a Van der Waals gas, but for an actual substance, the isotherms look like this. We have gas like behavior up until the vapor pressure, so I can identify this particular pressure with the vapor pressure at this isotherm. Up to the vapor pressure, the volume will drop without increasing the pressure as the gas is compressed and condensed into a liquid. And then once we've converted it all into a liquid, it'll begin to rise very steeply as I compress the mostly incompressible liquid. So what the Van der Waals equation is attempting to do is to describe this behavior where it undergoes a discontinuity in the slope, becomes horizontal, another discontinuity in the slope, and behaves like a gas. But a cubic equation has no hope of actually ever being horizontal for a long stretch of time like this. So it does the best it can, and the way to do that is change from negative slope to positive slope so that it can begin decreasing again over here. So that points out a few things. Number one, the Van der Waals isotherm is sort of attempting to predict these tie lines in the region where it undergoes what we call these phase loops. So the name for this region where it oscillates below the vapor pressure and then back above the vapor pressure before it continues decreasing as a gas should. Those are called phase loops. Notice that in some region inside this liquid gas coexistence region, in some range of volumes, the Van der Waals equation predicts that the pressure actually increases as we increase the volume. So in this region up to about here, the Van der Waals equation is predicting that the slope of this curve is positive. Pressure is increasing when we increase the volume. If you think about it, that's not the way anything physical behaves. If I have a liquid and I increase its volume, the pressure drops. Or maybe the easier way to think about it is I increase the pressure on it, its volume will decrease. Likewise, for gas, if I increase the pressure, the volume will decrease. So that's not correct. In fact, we know what should, so this is for Van der Waals. What should happen is dp dv, if I do that at constant temperature along one of these isotherms, that's related to the isothermal compressibility. It's negative v times the isothermal compressibility and no substance has a negative isothermal compressibility. So this negative sign means that slope should always be negative. The real substance will always decrease in volume as I increase the pressure and vice versa. So that's the way it should behave. The Van der Waals behavior in this region right here is doing something incorrect. But again, that's just the best a cubic equation can do at trying to make a horizontal line. It has to go down, then up, then down again. All right, what else can we learn from these Van der Waals isotherms? We've talked about the critical temperature. The critical temperature is the point at which the equation becomes horizontal for exactly one moment. Instead of exhibiting a minimum and a maximum at a different temperature, those isotherms might have minimum and maximum. They get closer together, closer and closer. As the minimum and maximum get closer together and meet at one point, that point is the critical point. And the temperature at which that happens is the critical temperature. The supercritical fluid region, again, the supercritical fluid is any fluid with a temperature greater than the critical temperature. So any one of these isotherms at a temperature above the critical temperature, we call a supercritical fluid. And one more thing to point out about these curves is the way I've constructed the curve, it's relatively easy to see that the Van der Waals isotherm shows the overlap between the coexistence line and it drops below, rises above that coexistence line. If I were to give you, for example, a Van der Waals isotherm where I hadn't drawn the phase coexistence region, you might not know where to draw the horizontal line. Does it increase to here before cutting across? Does it increase to here before cutting across? And the thing to know about that is the position you draw the tie line connecting the gas phase behavior to the liquid phase behavior is at the point where the two portions of the phase loop have exactly equal area to one another. So that process is called the Maxwell Equal Area Construction. So you can, in fact, build the whole phase diagram from scratch using the Van der Waals isotherms. If you know the A and B constant for Van der Waals gas plot lots of these isotherms, for each one of these isotherms that exhibits phase loops, find where to draw a line that leaves an equal area below and above the curve. And that's where you draw the tie line and that helps you find the boundaries of your phase coexistence region. So turns out that not just the Van der Waals equation is not just an equation that describes gases, it does a pretty good job at describing liquids and tells us when liquids coexist with gases as well.