We looked at last time, the real number system, we looked at what we called as the nested interval property. Some more concepts about special subsets of real line, they are also common to higher dimension spaces. So, let me introduce briefly R2, R3 and in general, Rn. I think most of you are familiar with R2 and R3, but the same thing works for Rn also and we will come back to it later on also. So, the basically idea is that say for example, R2 or Rn is a sort of all n tuples where each component or each coordinate is in real line. So, you can think it as a vector with n components x1, x2, xn. There is on Rn, there is addition. So, what is addition of two vectors? That is a component wise addition. Scalar multiplication, you can multiply each component by the same scalar. So, there is scalar multiplication. There is no multiplication of vectors as such in R2 or Rn. Like in real line there was, there is notion of a dot product and cross product will not be using them and there is no order on R2, R3 or Rn. You cannot compare, you cannot define an order between vectors, one vector bigger than the other vector. So, there are problems about that. However, what you can do is like absolute value, you can define what is called the magnitude of a vector. So, for a vector x with components x1, x2, xn, we define what is called the magnitude of the vector or the norm of the vector, that is, sigma absolute value xi square raised to power 1 by 2 i equal to 1 to n. In R2, this is just the Pythagoras distance, right, right angle triangle x1, y1. And this has properties which are very similar to the absolute value function. So, properties, this is always bigger than or equal to 0, equal to 0 if and only if each xi is equal to 0. So, that is corresponding to the absolute value. The second property is, as far as scalar multiplication is concerned, alpha times x is equal to mod alpha times norm of x. So, that is scalar multiplication. How does this magnitude behave? And the third is the triangle inequality property, namely absolute value of x plus y is less than or equal to 0. So, basically it behaves very much like the notion of absolute value for real numbers. So, as a result, it gives rise to a notion of comparison between or the distance between two points. One point is close to another. So, we define norm of x minus y, right. So, you can call it as the, you can define this as the, you can call this as the distance between x. So, basically the idea is that the notion of limits of sequences, right, and notion of convergence of a sequence depended upon the notion of distance, right. We said a sequence xn of real numbers converges to a point x if xn is coming closer to x. And that closeness was measured in the term of the distance. Now, we have a notion of distance available in R n. So, we can consider notion of sequences in R n and notion of convergence of sequences in R n. So, let us just write because that will be useful. So, let us write definition of a sequence and ordered collection points xn and bigger than or equal to 1 is called. So, we will put a underscore to indicate this is a vector, ok. It is called a sequence n. As usual written as, we write it simply as xn, same notation n bigger than or equal to 1. So, let us say definition 1, definition 2. We can define now convergence a sequence xn is said to converge to say a vector a belonging to R n if, what should be definition? The distance between xn and a becomes smaller and smaller. That is same as saying norm of xn minus a goes to 0 as n goes to infinity. Now, keep in mind this quantity norm of xn minus a is a number, is a real number. So, for every n you are getting a non-negative sequence of real numbers, is a sequence of numbers which are non-negative and real. So, we can ask whether the sequence converges to 0 or not. So, this part, this is precisely convergence of real numbers. So, we are using convergence of real numbers to define convergence of vectors in R n. So, keep that in mind. Now, here is a small observation, we cannot write it as a note. So, supposing our vector, let us note something namely x minus y, if I look at the distance between two vectors x and y, this is always bigger than x has got components, y has got components. So, let us say x is x1, x2 and so on, xn and y has components y1, y2, yn. Then this is always bigger than or equal to xi minus ya. Is that okay? Because what is the distance norm of x minus y, that is xi minus ya absolute value square raise to power 1 by 2. So, that summation is 1 to n. So, it is always bigger than each term and this is, is it okay? So, this implies that if xn converges to a, then I am using n. So, I should probably, because I am using n for R n also. So, let me write xk, if xk converges to a as k goes to infinity, then this is same. This implies, then this implies that look at x vector k. Let me write this as i. What is that? That is the ith component of the vector xk will converge to the ith component ai for every i between 1 and n. Is that okay? This inequality just now, we are saying that if a vector is convergent, this sandwich theorem mod of xi minus yi is less than this. So, if this becomes smaller, then this becomes smaller. Sandwich theorem, is it okay for everybody? If not, get clear. So, let me write here, because a is bigger than xk ith component minus ai. So, each component distance is dominated by the distance between the vectors. So, sandwich theorem implies that if that goes to 0, then this goes to 0. So, what we are saying is, if a sequence of vectors is convergent, then each component converges to the corresponding component. Now, let us look at the converse of this. Suppose the ith component converges to the ith component for every i. Can I say that the vectors also converge? Clearly yes, because what is this distance between xn and a? That is summation of the distance is summation here now, if it is quality. Each one is going to 0. So, sum goes to 0 by the limit theorems for real numbers. Is that okay? Because norm of xn minus a is equal to summation i equal to 1 to n norm of x, I am writing k here. So, xk i minus ai or not norm is absolute value because the real numbers square raise to power 1 by 2. That is the definition of distance. Here, each term is going to 0. So, square goes to 0 by limit theorems. The summation goes to 0, non-negative square root goes to 0. So, by the limit theorems for sequences of real numbers, this for each i goes to 0 implies the distance between the vectors also goes to 0. So, what we are saying is, a sequence of vectors is convergent if and only if each component converges to the corresponding component. So, let us write it as a theorem. If you like, n converges to a if and only if each component sequence is convergent to where? To the corresponding component. So, as far as convergence of sequences of vectors is concerned, it is same as analyzing convergence of each component. So, no, not a big deal. So, that is okay. So, now, we will be using this concept to define something. So, let us start with, let us take a set A contained in Rn. A is a subset in Rn. So, given a sequence in A, a sequence so that each element is in A, supposing it is convergent, then the limit of that sequence may or may not belong to A. So, we are trying to now specialize special subsets of Rn. So, we say definition. A subset A in Rn is said to be closed. It is called a closed set if for every sequence xn belonging to A, xn converging to A implies A belongs to A. So, what we are saying is a set which includes all limits of sequences of its elements. We will say it is a nothing goes out kind of thing. So, it is called a closed set. The normal colleture is very clear. So, let us look at some examples. So, let us look at A belonging to Rn and the set A is a singleton A. Is this set closed? Is the set consistent of a single point closed? Obviously, because the only possible sequences that we can consider of elements of the set are the constant sequence and constant sequence converges to the constant and that belongs to A. So, A is closed. Let us look at when n is equal to 1, some special cases. So, A is equal to that is a subset of R. An open interval. The name itself says open interval. So, it should not be closed. But anyway, that is not the reason. So, if you want to prove this set is not closed, then what should I prove? There is a sequence of elements of the set. It converges somewhere, but the limit is not inside that set. So, precisely if this is my A and this is my B, I can take a sequence sort of coming from the right side to A. The limit will be A, which is not inside the set. So, what could be such a sequence? So, you can look at A plus 1 by n, but n suitably large enough so that you are inside. So, here is A plus or A plus 1 may be outside. B may be bigger than. But anyway, let us from some stage onwards, A plus 1 over n will be inside the interval A B for some n large enough. So, this will converge to A, which is not part of A. So, this is A is not closed. For the same reason, you can take as A B. It does not matter. 1.1 counter example is good enough or you can take A B. These are all or you can even take A 2 plus infinity and minus infinity to A are not closed. All these are not closed subsets. Obviously, if I include here, can I say A B is closed? Why is that closed? It is not because a sequence converging to A, that means A is inside it. To say it is closed, I have to show for every sequence in the set. If it converges, that point limit must be inside the set. So, let X n belong to A and bigger than or equal to 1 and X n converges to some x. Then what can I say about these X n's? They are inside the set A and A is the interval A B. That means this is true for every n. Is it clear? Because it belongs to A. A is the interval A B, which is closed interval. So, A less than or equal to and that implies, if it converges, X n converges, what can you say about the limit? If X n's are bigger than or equal to A, the limit cannot go below A. We have seen that. So, A less than or equal to X less than or equal to B. But if they were open, if it was a strict inequality, then the limit could become equal to A. That we have seen in the example. So, then that will not be true. So, less than or equal to is okay. The limit can become equal to, even though each A n is strictly bigger than A, the limit can become equal to A and that is okay for us, because we want A less than or equal to X less than or equal to. So, hence, A which is equal to A B is closed. Let us, similar thing probably will be nice to, okay. Let us define something which is going to be useful for every X belonging to R n and epsilon n number B X epsilon. I am going to define a set. This is all vectors Y belonging to R n such that the norm of X minus Y is less than epsilon. All points, all vectors in Y in R n such that it is distance from X. X is a point which is fixed. So, because we are looking at Pythagorean distance or Pythagorean way of looking at. So, if I take it R2, it is very easy to visualize. Here is the point X. A point Y will be inside if its distance is less than at the most epsilon. So, it will be, right? It will be all points inside what we visualize as the ball. So, you can think it as, so this is a visualization of this thing, right? Sometimes it is good. But if I look at a point, geometric kind of thing on the boundary, then its distance will be equal to epsilon. So, that will not be a part of the set. So, that is why it is called an open ball centered at X radius. Geometrically, it looks like that. So, we call it as an open ball centered. Let me also define, because we are defining this thing, let me also define B bar X epsilon to be the set of all Y to the distance X minus Y is less than or equal to, then we are also including the geometric boundary kind of thing also, equal to also are included. So, let us look at, can I say this is close? So, which of them are close? Can I say the ball X epsilon is close, is a close set? No. So, what that means, you have to construct an example of a sequence. So, I leave it as an exercise. It is not difficult to, just intuitively is very clear, right? You can go towards boundary kind of thing, take a sequence going towards boundary. Like we did for the open interval a, b, something similar you can do. Slightly, we have to do slightly more kind of, be slightly more careful about, because there are many possible directions there. In real line, only one left or right, here are all possible directions. So, but you can go any direction. So, what about this thing? Why this is a close set? Now, I have to prove that for every sequence, like in the interval close interval, for the same proof works basically. If I take any sequence X n in this close ball and converging to a, which is, that means what? The distance between X n and a will become, X n goes to a. So, what is the distance of X n from X? Because if I want to show it is close, I should show that the distance of the limit from X is less than or equal to epsilon, right? But the distance of each point X n from X, because X n is inside is less than or equal to. So, can I say that, so here is something. I am giving a hint. It is true. If X n belong to ball X epsilon and X n converges to a, then X minus a is less than or equal to epsilon. So, that is what is to be done, right? And what is given? Because X n belong given norm of X n minus X is less than or equal to epsilon for, sorry, X n, yes, is less than or equal to for every n, right? Because X n belong to, X n belong to the ball, close ball. So, less than or equal to. We want to show that this implies, so that is the exercise, okay? Just if I y norm of X n minus X implies that, is it okay? Idea is similar to that of the close interval a, b. If X n is in the close interval a, b, then X n minus a, right? They remain, this is the order here. Here is the order of the distance actually. So, try that. So, that will also prove, modulo this part of exercise that this also is a. So, by the way, this kind of things, okay? Let us give it a name because they are going to be useful. For every point Y belonging to ball centered at any X and radius epsilon is called, okay? I should write it properly. Every ball, every open ball is called a neighborhood of Y belonging to B at epsilon. So, what we are saying is, if it is an open ball, if it is an open ball of radius epsilon centered anywhere, it does not matter. Then for every point Y inside that ball, the ball is called a neighborhood of the point Y, right? The ball is called a. So, that mean for this Y could be anywhere. So, here is a point Y or it could be anywhere Y here. For all elements of that open ball, this open ball is called a neighborhood of that point. So, obviously, it is a neighborhood of the center also anyway, right? So, it is something similar to, let us look at what happens in the real line. So, in the real line, if you have got a, so here is point X. What is an open ball of radius epsilon? So, it will be X minus epsilon and that is open interval, simply, right? So, what we are saying is for every point inside, this is a neighborhood, okay? It is a neighborhood of the point Y or this is ball, okay? So, I think I will elaborate it slightly more later on. So, it is a concept of neighborhood for everybody and open ball is neighborhood of every point inside it. That is the definition, okay? So, now, let us look at closed sets. So, we have looked at many examples of closed sets. So, we have seen that there are sets which are not closed and there are some sets which are closed, right? So, can we do one thing? Take a subset of Rn, some of the limits may go out.  So, what do you expect of the bigger set? The bigger set should have the property that it contains limits of all sequences in that, right?


Masikaba and Lovye has no fear about the future, God is my CEO. With a career that spans over a decade, Masikaba and Lovye has done the most on both TV and radio and having recently left her Metro FM gig and bagged a TV hosting gig on bed. She led Chvisa L.I.V.E. into her secret of not fretting over the future. As it turned out, the secret is quite simple, Masikaba is led by a higher power in all that she does.  The truth is I am lead by a higher power and I truly believe that God is my CEO, Masikaba said. Masikaba said she's a huge believer in there being a perfect time for everything and that while it may have seemed like she left television for radio, she was merely just following her purpose for that particular time in her life. I never see a loss as a loss, I always see it as a change in direction. I am not perturbed by change. I believe that when you are gifted, which everyone is in some way or the other, it is just about tuning in and listening to your inner voice and letting it guide you, so I don't have fear or reservations about the direction that my career is taking. Masikaba said the advantages of following a higher power was fitting perfectly within the space it places you. As the host of the big secret, Masikaba believes she fits the brief of helping people to speak nothing but the truth to set them free from big secrets to the T. For me, it was and is such a blessing to be given that level of respect and trust. I am grateful to the production company and Tibet for allowing me to guide the show my way as long as it's within the format. It's trust, she told Chwisa Livee previously.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we will discuss how to add and subtract the measurement of angles. In our earlier session, we have discussed about degree minute second measure and decimal degree measure of angles. Let us now recall the relation between degree minute and second. It is as follows. 1 degree is equal to 60 minutes or 1 minute is equal to 1 by 60 degrees and 1 minute is equal to 60 seconds or 1 second is equal to 1 by 60 minutes. Now we will discuss how to add and subtract the angles in degree minute second. First of all let us discuss addition of angles. Now let us consider the following example that is add 37 degrees 39 minutes and 83 degrees 36 minutes. Now to add these angle measurements we write them in columns degree measure in first column that is 37 degrees and 83 degrees and minute measure in second column that is 39 minutes and 36 minutes and we will add the corresponding numbers that is we will add the degrees and minutes separately. Now we add minutes first that is 9 plus 6 which is equal to 15 so we write 5 and 1 above 3 and now we add 1 plus 3 plus 3 that is 7 so we write 7 so we have 75 minutes now we add degrees 7 plus 3 is 10 so we write 0 and we write 1 above 3 and now 1 plus 3 plus 8 that is 12 so we write 12 and we have 120 degrees so we write 37 degrees 39 minutes plus 83 degrees 36 minutes is equal to 120 degrees 75 minutes now we know that 1 degree is equal to 60 minutes so here 75 minutes can be written as 60 minutes plus 15 minutes that is equal to 1 degree plus 15 minutes so we carry 1 degree from minutes column to degree column and therefore we get 120 degrees 75 minutes is equal to 121 degrees 15 minutes thus we can say that 37 degrees 39 minutes plus 83 degrees 36 minutes is equal to 121 degrees 15 minutes so we conclude that to add the angles we will align degrees with degrees minutes with minutes and seconds with seconds then we will add degrees minutes and seconds respectively and we should always take into consideration 1 degree is equal to 60 minutes and 1 minute is equal to 60 seconds for example 63 seconds can be written as 1 minute 3 seconds and 64 minutes can be written as 1 degree 4 minutes now we are going to discuss subtraction of angles to subtract angles in degree minute measure we will borrow 1 degree from degrees given and add it to the given minute when needed using the rule 1 degree is equal to 60 minutes if seconds are also given then we will borrow 1 minute from the minutes given and added to the given seconds when needed using the result 1 minute is equal to 60 seconds after performing these steps we will subtract the two numbers let us consider an example subtract 53 degrees 36 minutes 42 seconds from 90 degrees now see 90 degrees can be written as 90 degrees 00 minutes 00 seconds since we have to subtract from 90 degrees so we will borrow 1 degree from 90 degrees first and add it to the given 00 minutes because 00 is smaller than 36 so we cannot subtract the two numbers unless we have a larger number than 36 so we get 90 degrees 00 minutes 00 seconds minus 1 degree and plus 60 minutes so we get 89 degrees 60 minutes and 00 seconds since we are also given seconds so now we will borrow 1 minute from 60 minutes and add it to the given 00 seconds using the result 1 minute is equal to 60 seconds because 00 seconds are smaller than 42 seconds so we cannot subtract directly so we get 89 degrees 60 minutes 00 seconds minus 1 minute and plus 60 seconds and this is equal to 89 degrees 59 minutes 60 seconds so now we have 90 degrees is equal to 89 degrees 59 minutes 60 seconds so now we will subtract 53 degrees 36 minutes 42 seconds from 89 degrees 59 minutes 60 seconds so we first align degrees with degrees minutes with minutes and seconds with seconds that is in the first column we write degrees in the second column we write minutes in the third column we write seconds and now we subtract starting from seconds now here we have 0 minus 2 since 0 is smaller than 2 so here we replace 0 by 10 and here we replace 6 by 5 and we have 10 minus 2 that is 8 and 5 minus 4 that is 1 so we have 60 seconds minus 42 seconds that is equal to 18 seconds now we subtract minutes and here we have 9 minus 6 that is 3 and 5 minus 3 that is 2 so we have 59 minutes minus 36 minutes that is equal to 23 minutes and then we subtract degrees that is 9 minus 3 which is equal to 6 and 8 minus 5 that is 3 so we have 89 degrees minus 53 degrees which is equal to 36 degrees thus we get 90 degrees minus 53 degrees 36 minutes 42 seconds is equal to 36 degrees 23 minutes 18 seconds now we should note that if only minutes and degrees are given in angle measure then we will not take seconds into consideration while subtracting for example if we have to subtract 32 degrees 53 minutes from 90 degrees then we will not take seconds while subtracting because they are not given in the angle measure we will directly borrow 1 degree and subtract so we get 90 degrees is equal to 89 degrees 60 minutes and we have 89 degrees 60 minutes minus 32 degrees 53 minutes and now we subtract starting from minutes here we have 0 minus 3 since 0 is smaller than 3 so we replace 0 by 10 and 6 by 5 and here we have 10 minus 3 that is 7 and 5 minus 5 that is 0 so we have 60 minutes minus 53 minutes that is equal to 7 minutes now we subtract degrees and we have 9 minus 2 that is 7 and 8 minus 3 that is 5 so we have 89 degrees minus 32 degrees which is equal to 57 degrees so 89 degrees 60 minutes minus 32 degrees 53 minutes is equal to 57 degrees 7 minutes thus we have 90 degrees minus 32 degrees 53 minutes is equal to 57 degrees 7 minutes thus in this session we have discussed how to add and subtract the measurement of angles this completes our session hope you enjoyed this session


Are we gonna wait for it to come out? We might wait till what to tell them about what we did Look, we did a groundbreaking science experiment.  Yeah, but there's no harm in and saying we did a groundbreaking science experiment We can't share the results yet because we're still it's being peer reviewed by some other scientists Matt that guy down the road and your uncle and Once all the findings have been finalized then we'll publish the results, but it's crazy and it's basically You know we answer the question Can humans grow?   Hmm.  It's so simple, but so good. We played first 21 games How long that takes just you and me yeah about 45 minutes maybe an hour You don't get bored. You don't get bored when you play uno Should we just play uno for a part an entire bad entire podcast?     Let me tell you and it's fun.  This is like this is hot lukewarm water flavored Tea yeah, and it's just basically tastes exactly like just warm water like hot water Isn't that funny Matthew?        Well, that's what it Yeah, Renate is like a human name But I don't know maybe it was just like something got lost in translation if you search in the right like search engines It's a pig. Yeah, the dark web On this day in 1993 the backstreet boys boy band was formed They were initially going to name their band the gentle compassionate men But changed the name to the backstreet boys after the boys smoked some shards of ice one night and wanted to go to the Bottle shop they didn't want to drive along the main street So they took as they thought the cops might stop them for a random drug test So they took the backstreet to the bottle and on the way ran over a couple of toddlers who were playing on the street They returned home and never got caught so to honor the toddlers that they crushed in their youth made themselves the backstreet boys That's fair because you wouldn't want to die and just for nothing Wow, that's a man. Never cuz backstreet boys. I've always been like what a weird name Who was your favorite backstreet one of them?  I was like, what did you see him in the episode punked? He he was hanging out with Tommy Lee. I think Tommy Lee punked him and he was full gangsta get up Yeah, that's disgusting.  He's like so hot Do you know what I mean? It's like how to look at him. Do I mean you look like Thanks And there was another one Kevin was cool and Well, the other the other Aaron Aaron was Nick's brother. That's his brother. Yeah. Yeah. Oh man.  It's getting hot. They were so good-looking those boys. Isn't that right? Huh, isn't that correct? Oh, let me fan myself.  I think I like the middle Yeah, that's you got it. Yeah, that's a fair. That's so Switzerland of you Surprise On this day in 2006 Homer Simpson was arrested when Lisa Simpson announced that Homer finger her ass with his thick Donut fingers a few times when he was heavily intoxicated Lisa came forward during the me-too movement and has since left the show New episodes continue to come out though as Lisa is a cartoon character and then creators of the show just decided to keep drawing her Marge has decided to stay with Homer as long as he stops fingering others Always thought it was a bit of a weird chemistry between Lisa and Homer.  Yeah, he always talks about instead of your father. You go daddy you when he's talks to That's how Lisa said his name Guess what guys it's time for the next segment which has been renamed to you guessed it you guessed it right everyone You guessed it correctly. You guessed the name of the new Is the name and you do segment and in this segment we answer questions that you guys have sent in by Instagram and on our YouTube channel Isn't that right Matt? Matt's gonna have a bloody a bit of a slick slick through a bit of a slip. Oh, yeah, we'll do Instagram first.  Just leave a little comment And then we'll see it we'll definitely see Matt'll reply one of us for a plong Really really engaging with you boys and girls. She did say that she usually loves our stuff So, oh, yeah, so we will probably too harsh on you.  Oh, don't joke me? I can't like we're not trying to upset you We've never met you. We've just met we're just saying some words and you've heard those words and thought you know what?  So don't be offended. Anyway, sorry getting back in on Oh Wait, are we doing which ones first? We can do whatever you like.      Oh, yeah, that's some Superman DC comic stuff life on earth would be ended. Yeah, no Life would be over if I was a super terrorist.  Yeah, what was should we wish it? Well, nah, we better not do it because it'll upset the tide John and his Instagrams J Underscore damn 34. Yeah Like yeah, if you could bring anyone back from the dead, who would it be and could you sing us a song? Haruboma kind of fall on to a fox no ebbs.   That's going on keep the fire burning John Lennon or Jeffrey Epstein because I want to go to that all and see what's going on there Oh Whoa, I thought you're gonna say like Hitler or something. No, I was gonna I was gonna but then I thought you know what? Olivia's watching don't want upset. Oh, yeah Good point. Oh Rachel and Sugg What's your favorite activity other than pranking and sports? Oh drawing and running like drawing and running. Yeah I know I'm just trying to sound like I do things. I don't do things.   It's so fun And I like I got an electric skateboard. I enjoyed that very much time trials.  It's fun. Tok is probably their new favorite. That's that's all sport.  Isn't that right Matthew Brown? I can't unscrew this super glue see and Movies I am moving. Yeah. We like watching bloody. I just said that because it's like our shows. Don't we what was the last movie? You saw at the cinema. We went to cats and dogs. I I Saw the King of Staten Island was the last one. So what's that? Yeah, it's not too bad I saw a preview for a movie. I want to see at the cinema.    Oh my god kids go watch Armageddon. It's so good Remember Armageddon.  I'm excited Oh, do you remember the day after tomorrow with Jake Joggenhorn? That wasn't that good.   Sorry, man And all it takes to peel that off. Did you know what that film? It's not as good as Armageddon or deep impact I just love that bit where they're like there's a wall of water heading for New York And they're just flicks to New York and there's a wall of water heading for it. Yeah, okay? It's okay. It's just it let me down the snow annoyed me. I don't like movies when there's too much snow Oh Dot T big underscore boy B-o-u-y boy. All right What would you name a racehorse?  Imagine all the women and that's why Come on my face. Okay. I get it. Oh, would you call your horse?   Did you bring a speaker? No, that was on the desk when I got here. Oh, it's fees. Okay.    I know exactly. Oh turn the lights off. Yep. Hmm because then And then wait, I'll go you on better brother. Let me have a bit of a feel of that arm first Now we're going to what I would do.    Yeah. Yeah I would come back into that.   Yeah, it it'll become a black. That's how black holes are made. I think hmm It's what happened if cunt's date their mothers.    Well, I didn't realize today.    I was breathing a lot of that in you become a plant I had it what you reckon three hours.  The manure was we did wet it so it like settles all the dust Because that's what they do everywhere when this when they see dust they get a hose out It's why yeah, and nature does rain for you exactly.  Oh Marvel because there's some pretty girls in the superhero What were you doing to them first? Number what? Marry marry you marry Marvel.   You're right. You're right. I'm married. They've got some pretty pretty girls So I'd marry them man.  Yeah, just dig his corpse.  I don't know. I think You know the way to America I don't love either. So it doesn't really matter who you marry and Marvel has the most money So I'd marry Marvel and live a high life.  What's her name?   Is that the thing's name? I don't know what you're talking about, mate The super the new superhero film John John it's yeah, it's John. It's a bird. It's a plane.  So she can just make everything. She's like a witch always breastfeeding Yeah, exactly.  Oh, I wonder Sorry Just thinking Yeah, I'd marry Marvel for the money I'd kill fast and furious because you know, they're pretty much adorn that to themselves anyway I'm all right.  I agree with Marty Yeah, I think that's what I said too Cuz Marvel like yeah, it's all man.   All right. What about that on on YouTube? There's a couple brother. Do you want some YouTube comments? Yeah, go on bro. Sorry questions I've got Harrison Coda or coda All right, um Sam the owl I Have a question for the pod Have you have you ever? Fallen out with each other and why we were a bit stroppy grumps with each other for a while No, we never fallen out.  I say that sometimes yeah these sort of Positions himself in the corner where the ceiling meets the wall I Just like up in the corner with my back to it Arms up on the ceiling in his web legs in the wall All right, the next question is from Olympus top 10s What do you legends think of AFL and why does it well? Why do you not play as much AFL in Queensland when you play rugby instead? Well, we do play AFL in Queensland, but I think he's saying it's yeah Why is it why is rugby more like in Queensland?   Well, you got a sentence.    What would you say Matthew Brown? What do I think you guys would say? What would you say yourself my boy? Yeah, that's right on there now That's that's this cup now. I I Just say I think you guys would go to saying we're the best we're the We die together One heart between two souls Next question is from cool Judy 23 Lopez When are you guys gonna do something with Jackson again? I think you guys did recently do something Jackson didn't you know if we subscribe to our website the university of Michael calm You get to see our latest vid or one of the latest we did a video with Jackson We tested if he was real.  Which mental disorder does Michael have schizophrenia and manic bipolar? He was also curious is Ken Michael see Michael is ghost Seeing ghost before It's probably from used to be hurt from the city in the fertilizer today it's entered your bloodstream Now there's ticks floating in your Nuts As soon as we leave to come him out onto the onto the shorts And then the last Christmas guy was Marty, did you and your family leave Germany to escape the Nazis? No, no, it was it was over. The wall had just come down.  So mom and dad I'm a chaser and thought we'd better leave here because it was really unstable political times So I just remember getting put a big Haitian sack over my body and they're getting tossed on this rockety little boat And off we went sailing for two months through the ocean surviving of scraps and rice and rats and then we landed on Australia and off we are Oh, we are now here Here forever present Australians This is from pit punch 28 great name Have you ever been to Canada and have you ever done a Canadian cow? Have not been to Canada, but we will as soon as Plains are allowed back up in the skies after this Canada is yeah, it's meant to be amazing That's giggling or something Question for the podcast from Alex Hayes I'm a local resident of Taigum, which is not far from us What's your favorite thing to do around here attraction or leisure wise? I like watching home invasions I like to stand out on the street and watch people's houses get broken into in the middle of the day from math heads That's pretty fun. And I also like going just down the road to Zilmia and Watching brawls in the parks So good. I like boondool wetlands. Yeah, you like to go there and lay his eggs He's anti empties his colon from the eggs. I saw two snakes there the other day I'm probably from your eggs tried to yeah, I almost like got lucky. I'm on that brown snake nearly eight our friend James Really? Yeah, and he danced around it. That was fun. It was a similar size. Be careful everyone. It's snake season now Isn't that right? Yeah, so two and one day I ran over accidentally don't why it was an accident everyone Was either that on my foot and I ran over tell me you're gonna do that and the final question is from John and Dandrea dendra dindra What are your thoughts on Joe Biden? He said old old wooden ship. He needs to go to bed man He's to go to bed and just have a like an IV drip with some caffeine because it looks very tired I don't really know the man that well, but I've only spoken to him handful of times and look the Exchanges were brief, but from what I saw he's a he's a nice guy, but yeah, there's definitely Some issues there, I think so. Yeah, we'll leave it at that I don't want to talk about it. If you want to be entertained go to YouTube type in Joe Biden's creepy mistake moments.    I box But went down and opened it. Oh nothing.  I box here it is we have got some messages from people saying they have sent like it's in the mail P.    We'll get him.  I've got a mental disorder. Hey, I pulled that off you Well, thank you. Yeah, it's a bit of string that your skin is producing soil the poison. It's like bendy It's like a rubber band or something. Mm-hmm. Don't do that pain now.  Oh, I do have a stomach. All right next segment has been renail Oh Beautiful it's like a warris mixed with an octopus and this is a segment where we do a stunt that will blow your minds And this week we super glue and knows that tip of our noses together Good luck. Here we go All right, we're glue the tips of our noses together and then I guess we'll um, yeah, we'll just see what happens. Hey I'm trying not to let it drip onto the cords. It'll it'll melt All right, here we go I will be applying the super glue to Michael's very sharp pointy weasel nose first You're gonna have to do the Kiwi thing where they go nose to nose for a bit. Is that is that what they do? I guess no, I thought it was an Eskimo thing both on us Hold it. Hold it.  Yeah, that's good Oh Guys our noses are now joint and it's our face It's definitely burning the skin a bit. Oh Can you come back your way Marty a bit? Come back their way so you can see good. Yeah, hold up. I'll be over to hear us. Well, yeah, they'll hear you It's just our nose is super good to get in there and that's a trick for today. Hey everyone We should call the ambulance like this Whoa, whoa, it stretches it out. It takes it off the boat.  I regret this. That's watering. It's cuz they're chemicals. It's like the gas in it I'm immune because of the soil. Oh So you'll toughen me the ticks in your gut. Oh, okay, okay, okay?   It's like a good way to get rid of blackheads.  I was thinking something to do with secrets We get people to fucking people like send us their secrets and comment their secrets Yeah, we'll just message them in so that and they we they remain anonymous was I we don't tell anyone And that can be a secret of theirs a secret of their mothers a secret of someone they know we don't mention names We never show them again, and then we just yeah secrets for the podcast and we read them out Secrets time and we can have a little secrets the intro to it could be us whispering What are we replacing for secret time? Well, you could put it in place a stunt time, I guess Yeah, we'll just take some of the Q&A out.   Sorry. Oh I've just gone and put some super gone Michael's arm, haven't I?    He's gonna know. No, no, I'll just be me. I'm like, dude Wild how are you my bra? Who's this? It's Marty. Oh, sorry. It's my phone. I'm private. Sorry. I haven't put it back yet after the podcast.   Have they how'd they find out? I don't know. It's just a message saying that they're all contacted by the RSPCA So someone must have said something to the RSPCA and the police Want us to go into The police station for to make a statement or something Who are you? No, they just messaged our page Because that's yeah, I guess the RSPCA the cops the cops message the page saying that the RSPCA had filed a complaint And and um, yeah, I'm that didn't specify what exactly but I there's nothing else I can think of But like this has happened but like cops have messaged us before and we just ignored it and this just went away so from what How long ago did they message what like in the last couple days? Well, it must have been today at some stage because we just we just got a then a message on facebook Did they leave a number or anything?    Yeah, but like that your name wasn't mentioned at all.   I don't know but he they just I'm just going off the message.   So that's what I'm saying.   I'll play tonight in pga 2 or 2k 21 All right. All right guys, that's the end of episode number 30. We got 10 left home stretch Stretch it fire and wide not our best, but hey, we're still the best We're still the best, we're still, the best, but still, the best, the best, the best, the best, the best, the best, best Keep the fire burning burning


Tech Hawaii, time for responsible change, and today we're going to talk about what's the big deal about diversity? Why is it important and why is there so much controversy and conflict over it? With David Larson, Professor at Mitchell-Hamlin School of Law and recent past chair of the American Bar Association, second of dispute resolution, and Rebecca Ratliff, who's had many years dealing with the executive level of the insurance claims industry and is herself a leading national and international mediator arbitrator and presenter and speaker on this topic. So let's start from the beginning. In the recent U.S. Supreme Court case in which they essentially threw out remedial affirmative action for 200 years of history of racial discrimination in educational institutions, one of the things that became an issue was the original affirmative action decision, Baki, rejected a number of the theories of what could constitute a compelling state interest that could be constitutionally protected and legally protected to try and remedy that historical inequity and inequity. And Justice Louis Powell, in a concurring, but what turned out to eventually be the accepted guiding theory for the case said, okay, but diversity is a legitimate compelling state interest for a learning environment and learning institution. And we can treat it as such for purpose of its constitutional and legal protections. Justice Roberts in throwing out affirmative action rejected diversity not because it's not a legitimate state interest or a learning environment interest, but because it's not juditionally measurable in his view, which may just mean that he and some of his colleagues don't understand it well enough to be able to determine whether educational institutions are implementing it or not. Okay, with that preface, David, where are we on diversity? What's your understanding of the diversity that is that issue and needs to be protected here? Yeah, I'll just mention that. As Chuck just explained that up until this recent Supreme Court decision, the Supreme Court after Bakke was willing to accept the idea that diversity is a compelling governmental interest. The students for fair admissions case that was just decided doesn't get rid of remedial affirmative action. The only justification for affirmative action in employment has been a manifest imbalance in a traditionally segregated job category. You can only justify affirmative action in employment when it's remedial. That avenue is still available for schools. You can have affirmative action if you're going to point to a remedial cause, a remedial explanation. You've followed the same precedent they do in employment. You would have to demonstrate this manifest imbalance in a traditionally segregated category, but for a lot of schools, I think they could do that. I don't think that's really been discussed or explored yet, that parallel to employment, but that's still there. The thing about education was that it not only had that possibility, which is a little more distasteful for the institution because the fact is, you've got to admit that you've got a bad past.  I would much rather justify it for reasons forward looking like diversity. Nobody was going there to the former one saying that, yeah, I'm going to justify it because I've really been bad in the past. They would say, I'm going to justify it because I really believe in the benefits of diversity, but now that's been taken away. Is the workplace different than an educational institution such that we should have two acceptable reasons for a form of action? Yeah, I think you can make a pretty strong case that, yes, it is different. That young people will be assuming leadership roles when they graduate from college that it'll be their world. We won't be here eventually, hopefully for a little while still, but look at the United States and our demographics have changed pretty significantly. In Minnesota, for instance, our demographics have changed pretty dramatically in terms of different races and ethnicity. People coming out of college have to be able to work in a multicultural, multi-ethnic, multiracial environment. The earlier you get started doing that, the earlier you become comfortable doing that, I think the better off we all will be. To me, that's one of the values of diversity, the fact that we will continue to live in an increasingly diverse world. Where do you learn the skills to do it? Well, hopefully at home in your family, but not always, and isn't an educational institution a good place to do it? So, yeah, I think that's a great justification. Yeah, you took fours out of my mouth, David, although you were much more thorough and eloquent. As you were speaking, I was thinking how important it is. We know that not everyone will go to college, but certainly everyone should have the opportunity in the United States to go to college. And when there is a diverse environment in college, it is a training ground for how students' future working adults will thrive or not in their professional environments. And so, what we've said when we've heard, I didn't make this quote up, but diversity is a fact. We are different as people. I had a conversation recently with someone who, her dissertation was on culture and race. And what her research turned up is that race is a social construct. There really is no such thing as race, but only really culture. And race is something that was created really to divide. And so, here we are, all different hues and different experiences, different skill sets, different family orientations, different, differently abled people. And we all have value. And because that's a fact, when we're together, those different perspectives and those different experiences, whether it's in a college, on a college campus or in a work environment, certainly makes the experiences more rich and enables really, well, in the work world, profitability research has shown that, but certainly a richer experience in community and the at the collegiate level. So, is that a potential avenue as well that you, instead of focusing on this artificial construct of race, you look at some other non-academic factors, culture, socioeconomic background, other attributes of the nature of the environment, the history of the applicant, of the potential student in an effort to create as heterogeneous, as diverse, a learning environment, human learning environment as possible? I think you're always well advised to be creative when it comes to thinking about what could be a possible compelling governmental interest for going forward with the front of action. But I do want to make the observation that this US Supreme Court decision did not completely close the door in the front of action. And basically what it did, it narrowed the kind of the window for having a front of action. And I think the takeaway from it is that people can talk about race and people can talk applicants to college, can talk about race and talk about how race affected their life and what challenges are presented. And that's perfectly fine, according to Roberts, so long as it's from an individual perspective. It's like, this is how it affected me. And these are the qualities that grew in me and matured in me because of some of these challenges. And an admissions committee can't look at that. And when they look at that, they are unavoidably considering race, not in terms of just kind of a stereotypical assumption that if you're a certain race, we're going to give you a certain number of points that are admission and we're going to give you a cumulative score and this will get you over the line. But it's just a much more focused, particularized kind of inquiry. So race can still be part of the admissions process, but it has to be more of an individual inquiry. And there's nothing to stop an institution from framing those questions to say to the applicants who, I don't know why they know, they wouldn't know what they need to write in their essay to make sure that they don't follow a skew of your Supreme Court decisions. So you ask the question.  And they conclude things like economic challenges, geographic challenges, and race. And there's no problem with asking that question and asking people to answer in a very individualized way. And I think that fits well within that exception that Roberts has. I really appreciate that point. David made that point in an earlier conversation today about how applications can frame a question in a certain way that is compliant with the decision from the Supreme Court, but can basically open the door for opportunities for applicants to state as an individual what challenges and what experiences they had that may have to do with race. And it's important that, I would like for you, David, if you could just briefly mention Justice Roberts' decision or his letter, the statement that he makes that actually is the window for the point that you're making here about how universities should, admissions offices, can be in compliance by asking, framing a question a certain way to give applicants an opportunity to make a statement or personal statement. You're looking up on the slide. Wherever your city is to speak, so I could find a quick, I could read it to you, but let's see. Okay. At the, so what Robert says at the end of the majority opinion, at the same time, as all parties agree, nothing in this opinion should be construed as prohibiting universities from considering an applicant's discussion of how race affected his or her life, be it through discrimination, inspiration, or otherwise. So that's, I mean, that's kind of an irreplaceable window there to say it's an invitation that that universities can consider so long as it's somebody talking about how their race affected their lives. So here's a question that comes up. We know that Blum is out there with his millions or billions of dollars hunting down people who will agree to be paid plaintiffs in claims against actions that are essentially intended to be remedial for hundreds of years of history of racially discriminatory employment, educational admissions, health care, housing, and other areas. Is the approach that you talked about an effective resistance against that kind of attack of disparate impact that it's excluding brilliant Asian Americans or brilliant white Americans or whatever? Well, you know, I just thought that affirmative action was kind of a misnomer that really it's and the reason we have this process is because it's, as you mentioned Chuck, it's it's remedial. I mean, it's because of, you know, it's trying to make up for discriminatory history. And so it's not affirmative in the sense that you're getting something as an advantage that out of the blue, it's like, it's not a bonus. It's really, it's really being generated by the by the recognition that certain groups have suffered from discrimination in the past. And it's really incumbent on us to make up for that to do better. So you know, I think when some of these groups are being so aggressive about condemning affirmative action, one thing we should do is step back and say, well, wait a minute, is it really a quote affirmative action or is it something else? So really more along the lines of a remedial action. And let's think about our nation and our history and the reason why this really we really need to do this. Rebecca, your thoughts? Agreed. Yeah, it's a way to really right a wrong and to address accessibility or pass inaccessibility. You know, and you know, there's other things we can do in spite of this decision. There's nothing in this decision that prohibits you from doing extended outreach, you know, and going to recruit students in areas maybe you never recruited students before. So one thing you can do is kind of increase your applicant pool, expand your application pool, you know, increase your increase your your recruiting by outreach, maybe set up some pathway programs where you where you identify potential at a relatively early point and try and give some mentoring. At the conclusion of that pathway program, then that person applies like anybody else, but they're much more well positioned than they were before. And they're going to be able to keep people more successful. So that's that's something else we can continue to do. And I don't think we have any problem with the students or favorite admissions case. One of the things that we brought up earlier to us historically black colleges and universities or HBCUs and the effect that this decision might have in reverse for students applying to colleges and universities who are not minorities, that's not even really a word that we use much anymore, but black and brown students are the majority at an HBCU.  You know, I think that as we discussed a little bit earlier today, I think that historically black colleges actually have been kind of attentive to that and actually have thought about their practices and actually have made some made some changes, a modification just to make sure they're not caught in that kind of situation. So what if a historically selective and historically predominantly white college or university that decided to engage in some exchange programs with historically black college and universities and said, okay, we're going to have semester programs or we're going to have one year exchange programs or maybe more. We'll see how that goes to contribute to exchanges for the benefit of diversity. Was that one? There is. Actually, you can, my son is a graduate of North Carolina Central University, which is an HBCU. And there are certain, they have a relationship with Duke right up the street between Central and Duke. There are some Duke students who take classes at Central, and there are some North Carolina Central students that take certain classes at Duke. I don't know in what subject areas, but those relationships exist as far as mutual privileges, campus privileges, they have a relationship. And I don't know if there's a formal exchange. I'm not actually sure what they call those privileges, but there are relationships that exist like that. Yeah, when I went to college, I was part of a small college consortium, Great Lakes College Association, and I was at a very conservative college. I don't know why I ended up there, other than the fact I went to high school with 5,000 kids, no college counseling. Most kids didn't go to college. I just went down a college night program, went to one booth, told them my ACD scores, they said to get a scholarship. I would all tell my dad, I guess that's where you're going. So I ended up at the Paul University, and it's very conservative school. I wasn't comfortable there, and I did an international exchange program with Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio, which is far other end of the spectrum. And my financial aid transferred, so it was just an open exchange program. So yeah, so I think Chuck, that's a great idea to get the person to do those kind of exchange programs. The only drawback being is that we know that the degree, the paper, the degree has a lot of value, and it's been a number of studies that look at people graduating from elite colleges and what's their income going to be ultimately, and it makes a difference. So even though you can do the exchange program and you get some advantage of diversity of both institutions, the lesser of two institutions in terms of national rankings for whatever they're worth, is not going to graduate with the degree. And I think that that's the trap to say that that's sufficient because now we're getting diversity, but those students still aren't getting some of the benefits of the degree. It's a good point. Yeah, that is a really good point. And so you might have to look at things like where the exchanges were at the undergraduate level that those who hadn't participated might have that work to their advantage for purposes of graduate school applications or admissions. I love these talks because we just gotta think out loud, but I think there's one thing that could happen is you have these exchange programs and maybe somebody comes into a more elite school and does really well. And so now it's now it's that, okay, I'm accepting you because of your grade point for the year you were here. So you demonstrated your academic qualifications. You didn't get here on a race-based program. You got here on this exchange program. You weren't admitted on a race-based program, but you were able to show what you can do at a school and now we're going to admit you on your performance. And I think that might be a way to get around that concern about not getting access to this degree. Well, and I love that because it gives the opportunity for performance to those who have traditionally and historically been excluded, dishonored, dehumanized, disrespected, underserved. And based on that performance, you're moving it back to a merit-based admissions. And one of the things that schools are doing that recognizes that certain non-academic factors have had somewhat racially disparate impacts, the legacy program, a number of colleges now, including the one where I attended, Carlson, not far from you in Minnesota, is essentially completely discarding their legacy program. Now, many schools are. There was an interesting article in the Chronicle of Higher Education in August that looked at the eight Ivy League schools and Stanford University of Chicago, MIT, and Duke. And they looked at their legacy programs. And it turns out that you're five times more likely to get in if you're a legacy to those elite institutions. And that should be disturbing. That should be disturbing to everybody.  You know, if there's thinking that exchange program, okay, so we're going to run the exchange program. We're going to let people come and enter academic programs so that they do really well and say, okay, we're going to admit you to our full-time degree granting program based on your performance. One concern may be that this is not a traditionally diverse community at this college and somebody who is coming from that environment suddenly may feel really out of place. So I think what you need to do is, again, provide some support for those individuals recognizing they're coming from a different environment. And I think that's part of it. So I really think this could be a successful approach, but it's got to be brought thinking. It's not just admit them and let's see how they do. I think you've got to pay some attention to what their life is like at the university. Yeah. Yeah. There needs to be, yeah, with that approach, there would certainly need to be support and development. And that's a great argument for opening the exchanges beyond just the student level to faculty. And we know there are exchanges among a wide range of universities, the faculty, faculty, student-guest, professorships, sabbaticals, things like that. But administrative and support services, the learning opportunities there really haven't been tapped yet, as Sharns can tell. You know, we talk about the elite colleges. You know, we should talk about their endowments. You know, we're talking about endowments of $25 billion, not billion, billion dollars. Yeah. So there is a lot of money there for support and for outreach that, I mean, one thing I think we should do is call out the schools. Say stop hoarding the money, stop sitting on it, and why don't you start spending it? Yeah, for access and equitable inclusion. So for that to happen, would it be necessary or at least helpful that some kind of collective of higher educational institutional leadership come together and formulate goals, values, objectives that would serve those ends? I mean, wonderful. Now, the reality is that college applications are declining. You know, people are questioning whether or not they need to go to college. So I think that if you're an administrator, you should be thinking creatively, but what can I do to address this decline? And what can I do to perhaps expand my pool of applicants? And I got $25 billion. So can I, can't I spend this money in ways that will reach populations that we never, never reached before? And maybe it's going so far back to start these pathway programs in junior high school and start giving students kind of support and direction that will put them on a college career. So yeah, I think they'll be great if leaders got together. It would be great to do that on a broad scale. There are programs that exist for black students in Rhodes. There are programs that have existed for that purpose. And we know that not only the most selective colleges and universities, but many colleges and universities receive more applications from qualified applicants than they have spaces for. And one of the inferences of that is that maybe we are underserving a large sector of our, not just our intentionally excluded and underserved groups, but our otherwise qualified groups that are not getting the kind of learning opportunities that the colleges that don't have space for the spaces for them would acknowledge that they deserve, that they earn. Well, yeah, the students for fair admissions case, you know, one of the justifications for that, for that result was that Robert said it's a zero-sum game.  If you had to think about that for a minute, what do you mean it's a zero-sum game? Once again, you've got $25 billion. Now, why can't you expand your class? It's not a zero-sum game. These are fixed amounts by some external requirement. You can do what you want. This whole idea that it's a win-loss zero-sum game, I just don't think it's defensible. Well, in a zero-sum game, it connects with the same theory applied to employment, housing, wealth, power of status. It's been the justification. Heather McGee has written a wonderful book called Some of Us, which studies the history and the applications of that from the exclusive discriminatory swimming pools back in the 60s up to the present. These are problems that we're going to need to address, but you're right. They're going to need creative, expansive, collective, collaborative solutions based on solidarity and diversity is the heart of solidarity. Well, some people in the higher education are kind of depressed now. I think it's an exciting time. I think that one thing this U.S. Supreme Court decision has done is kind of snapped people's attention. It's like, what have I been doing? What is the history of my institution? I say in my mission statement, I believe in fairness and equality, what have I done about it? I think one of the positives is that people are looking much more closely at their own policies and practices and thinking about what they can do to reach a larger audience, to be more accessible, to be better. Yep. And former Section Chair Nancy Welch is right in the middle of it at TCU. I'm sure there are others as well. Okay. Last thoughts to wrap things up. Rebecca? Diversity is a fact, and we're better together. Great summer. David? You know, and I'll say something I often say is that tell your friends to vote, tell your families to vote, get people out to vote. We want unbiased, forward-thinking legislators, and if we want to make these pathways easier, let's get the right people in office. Rebecca Radliff, David Larson, thanks so much for your time, for your thoughts, your perspectives. Think back, Hawaii. Come back and join us. We'll be back again in a couple of weeks. Take care. Thank you. Thank you.


Hello, my name is Lutska and today I prepared some yoga exercises for you. Maybe more challenging, but I am sure that you will make it and you will be perfect. So try to do your best, try to feel yourself, please don't hurt yourself of course. And just let's start in some sitting position and you can close your eyes. Just on your breath, be in connection with each inhalation and each exhalation. Inhale here and with exhalation bend your head to your right side and put your right palm up on your left ear. Feel the stretching on your left part of your neck and just bring it here. If you want to try something more, put your left palm or your left fingers on the floor or on the chair. And you can stretch down, put your left shoulder down, lower it and breathe here. Three, and one, three, just lift your head back up and put your right palm on your left shoulder. So your right elbow have to go up and your left arm is bent behind your back.  If it's not, just stay in the basic position here. Inhale, look up, exhale, bend your back down on the floor. Three, and one. Slowly lift your chest, your back up and spread your arms widely apart. Let's start some small rotation. So twist your chest to the right, put your right palm behind your back and your left palm some on your right thigh.  Breathe in, breathe out. Two, and one.  So bend your head above your left shoulder and put your left palm up on your right knee. Just breathe here. If you want to try something more intensive, put your right palm or your fingers of your right arm on the floor or shaker. And breathe.  And your right arm bent into your back. Try to touch behind your back, each palm and cross your fingers. If it's possible just stay in the basic position with inhalation look up and with exhalation bent forward. Two, and one. Lift your chest, your back up to the basic, spread your arms widely apart and twist to the left. Put your left palm behind your back, your right on your left thigh.  Three gentle breaths in here. Breathe in and breathe out. Two, with inhalation slowly turn back facing forward. Now let's move to some standing positions. So if it's possible make space around you and let's start with standing position where your legs are widely apart. Put your palms on your hips. Keep your sitting bones facing down the floor. It's very important to feel the lengthening of your spine up to the top of your head. With inhalation look up to the ceiling and with exhalation bent forward but try to bend just from your hips. Keep your spine long and just go down deeper and deeper. Then put your palms on the floor. You can use them to relax into the direction down to the floor, down to the mat. And if it's possible you can try to put your head on the floor. If it's not possible just breathe in here.  Lift your arms above your head and with exhalation spread them widely apart. And open your left foot to the left side facing to the left direction. Inhale here and with exhalation just bend your left knee. Inhale go up and exhale bend. Inhale up, exhale bend and one more. Inhale up and with exhalation stay in the lower position. Open your left palm up to the ceiling. Exhale here, keep your lower ribs close. And with inhalation open the left part of your chest and look up. Exhale back to the middle. Inhale up, exhale back and one more. Inhale up and stay here. Just touch with your right palm somewhere on your right leg. Don't use it like this in the passive position. You can be very active and stretching up. Two and one. Inhale lift your chest up and go forward. With exhalation just put your left elbow on your left thigh and lift your right leg up to the ceiling. You can stay here or something more challenging. You can be deepening the position down so you use your left arm and put on the floor close to your foot from the outer side. And you are looking still up to the ceiling and stretch forward and breathe three and one. Now use your legs and slowly try to stand back up to the basic position. Stretch your left leg, twist it inside and switch. And open your right foot to the right facing forward again. Inhale here and exhale back. Inhale up and exhale lower down. Inhale up, look forward through the ceiling. Last one, inhale up and exhale. Stay here, lower down in your hips. Your right knee is bent. Open your right palm with inhalation. Open the right part of your chest and look up. And exhale to the middle. Inhale up, try. Exhale to. Inhale, exhale and one last. Inhale and stay here. And again, don't use your left palm in the positive way but try to use it as an active arm, active help in the position. Looking up, two and bend your right knee. And inhale, go back slowly forward and put your right elbow on your right thigh and just stay in opening position to the other side, to your left part of your chest. Or you can make the more challenging variation of this position so you can put your right fingers to the floor and stretch your left arm directly up. Three, two, breathe in and breathe out. And one. Again, use the force in your leg and slowly stand up again, stretch the right leg and twist it forward with your palms on your hips. Inhale, look up. And exhale, bend forward and touch the floor. Can you feel the difference between the first try of this position and now, can you feel any difference? How you can feel? Try, just try. And let's go deeper down, maybe small step forward or more movement forward. But deep inhalation, exhalation, maintains. Two, roll up slowly, inhalation. Lift your arms, look up and exhale, pray pose. Twist your left ankle to the left again, open your left foot to the left side, bend your left knee, spread your arms again. Let's start on one leg standing position. Use your left foot, use your left knee, your left hip and the force in your left leg and stand up just in your left. Try. If it's possible, try to go deeper down. Your arms are still spread widely apart and try to go deeper, deeper, deeper. Maybe touch the floor with your left fingers and lift your right leg up. Three, two and one. Slowly bend your left knee again and make a big step back on the mat or on the floor. Stretch the left knee, twist the foot inside and open the right leg outside again. Bend your right knee, stand or put your weight more above your right foot and stand up. Wait here and slowly bend forward. Keep your left chest, left part of your chest open up and go deeper, deeper, deeper. Maybe it's possible to touch the floor. Look up to your left arm and lift your left foot and your left leg higher, higher and breathe. Three, two and one. Bend your right knee, make a big step back on the mat. Stretch your right knee, turn your right foot inside again and put your palms to the pre-position. This was the standing sequence and now let's move to the full Ashtanga variation of Sun Salutation, the dynamic form. So if you have some yoga mat, now is the best time to use it to make your practice more comfortable. Start with one inhalation and exhalation in the basic standing position.  Exhale, just stretch your back and look forward and try to stretch your knees as well. Exhale, step or jump to the plank position and bend your elbows down to Chaturanga Dandasana. Inhalation, upper facing low, exhalation, downward facing low. You can stay here stabilized without any movement or if you feel comfortable you can use some stretching movement it depends on you what you feel, what you breathe three more two and one. Next inhalation, try to step or jump forward between your palms. Exhale, bend your knees and touch them with your forehead.   Exhale, jump or step Chaturanga Dandasana. Inhale, upper facing exhale, downward facing and another five breaths in this position four breathing and breathe out three two and one. Next inhalation, step or jump forward look forward look in the front exhale, bend deeper down inhale slowly, roll up lift your arms above your head exhale, pray position okay, that was the Ashtanga variation of sun salutation it's more dynamic, it's more challenging so I hope you enjoy it and now the final part with some relaxation or some Pranayama technique so if you want to try just sit down in some comfortable sitting position and trip on one very very common Pranayama technique which is called Nadi Shudhi or Nadi Shodhanai depends on the tradition let's start with using our right palm put your pointing finger and middle finger bend into your palm and your thumb and your ring finger is touching your nose and we will close with each of these fingers we will close the the nose or the gate into our nose so we will alternate the breathing through the right and left nostril so try to focus on your breathing your left arm is just relaxed in Chin Mudra or just palm on your thigh breathing through both nostrils and close the right one and exhale just through the left then inhale through your left nostril and switch so close your left and open your right exhale inhale through your right nostril switch exhale through your left nostril inhale through your left switch and exhale through your right inhale through your right exhale through your left inhale through your left and exhale through your right inhale through your right exhale through your left inhale through your left and exhale through your right continue few more rounds In the end, exhale through your left nostril, then relax your right arm and your right palm next to the left on your thighs or on your knees. And enjoy the breathing through both nostrils, which are maybe more open. You can feel the difference between the right and left gait through your nose. And I hope you enjoy this lesson. I hope you will stay safe and you will stay healthy in this condition of these lockdowns and so on. And let me thank you for this lesson. And I hope we will see each other face to face again as soon as possible. So, namaste to you. Bye-bye.


Do you have a hunch that someone is physically attracted to you?  You sense there's an attraction there, but you're looking for a few more hints. Clinical psychologist and researcher Sabrina Romanoff explained in a very well-mined article that physical attraction is a physical energy that is the result of the chemistry between two people. But how can one tell if someone else feels that strong chemistry with them? Well, here are five signs that reveal someone is likely physically attracted to you. An honest response. Do you notice someone often blushes when you approach them or maybe their face suddenly gets flushed when you look them in the eyes? People blush for many reasons, but attraction can be one of them. According to clinical psychologist Mary C. Lamia, PhD in an article from Mind Body Green, blushing is an honest response. She explains that can occur when you feel caught being sexually excited about another person. So if you notice they often smile and blush around you, it may just be because they're physically attracted to you. Are you blushing now with the thought of them? The intimacy is in the eyes.  If they turn away as soon as you catch them looking at you, it could be that they're nervous about approaching you. How many times have you quickly turned away when your crush caught you staring at them? If they continue looking at you, even though you've spotted them, they could be trying to communicate that they want you to approach them. They're letting you know they're available to talk to. And this intense eye contact has its benefits. According to a 2020 study published in the journal Computers in Human Behavior, it may even increase intimacy. No questions asked. Well fewer questions asked. Shall I explain? The study wanted to analyze the relationship between eye contact and romantic attraction. The researchers studied their participants as they went speed dating under different conditions. The results suggest that communication conditions with eye contact result in less information seeking behavior. In terms of question asking, however, people share more personal, intimate information about themselves to their interaction partner. Conclusively, eye contact in initial interactions induces less uncertainty and more intimacy compared to interactions without eye contact. So if you notice they keep the intense eye contact up when they're speaking with you, this may not only show that they might find you attractive, but it may naturally build intimacy in the process. Anxiety related reactions.  Even if we try to hide it, it's likely someone can pick up on the idea that we're nervous. You may have even acted awkward around your crush. The awkward memories. A 2020 study published in the journal Adaptive Human Behavior and Psychology examined nervous reactions from their participants when interacting with a potential partner or attractive individual. The study states that participants reported that they did indeed experience a cluster of anxiety-related psychological and behavioral reactions during an initial encounter with someone they found highly attractive. So it's not just you. Plenty of people become nervous around people they fancy. Pay close attention to whether someone's behavior strangely shifts when they notice you. This could be a sign you make them nervous. Why? Because they find you attractive. So if you notice they stumble over their words or get lost in your sparkling eyes, they're probably just surprised by how remarkably attractive they find you. How long do your hugs last? A brush of the hand. Or a lingering hug could be a sign they have a strong physical attraction towards you. According to Ronald E. Rigio, PhD, the Henry R. Kravitz Professor of Leadership and Organizational Psychology, allowing one's hand to brush up against or rest upon another's body. Are seduction cues? Do you notice this person often hugs you a bit longer when you say goodbye? Accidentally brushes their hand against yours? Do they give you a big ol' squeeze that just feels a bit more intimate than others? When you really like someone, you're gonna want to be close to them. Especially when you're physically attracted to them. You may linger your hand on their shoulder when talking to them, or you may give them an extra long hug when you say goodbye. Maybe they're simply trying to seductively cue you into the idea that they like like you. Tone and pitch changes. You're approaching your crush and hear them talking to their friends, then suddenly their voice changes. Language and speech researcher Dr. Marina Kalashnikova from the University of Western Sydney told ABC Radio Melbourne's Lindy Burns that the voices of the two people who are speaking to each other, if they are attracted to each other, or if they experience positive emotions towards each other, they start becoming more similar, she explains. This could mean they even start to mimic you, or their pitch may change if they like you. She further explains that changes in the pitch of our voice, or in the rate of our speech. So how fast we're speaking are happening according to how we feel about the conversation, but without our conscious control. If you notice their tone is starting to sound a bit more nervous, their pitch changes, or you notice they subconsciously start to mimic you, it could be that there is an attraction for you there all along, or they just have a really bad sore throat. Have you noticed any of these signs in someone? Which ones? Let us know in the comments down below. We hope you enjoyed this video and if you did, don't forget to click the like button and share it with a friend. Subscribe to Psych2Go and hit the notification bell icon for more content like this. As always, thanks for watching!


Europe and its main supranational institutions, hosted in Brussels, are undergoing a period of change that will culminate in next-year renewal of the European Parliament and of the European Commission, the accepted arm of the European Union. Despite the perceived or effective weakness of active European leadership, the European Union is already under transformation. The first key change is on the scope and focus of the EU policy agenda, with the emergence of a more global perspective. We can see a much wider and greater stance of the EU in international negotiation on environment, energy, labor, civil rights, financial supervision and of course trade, as illustrated by the opening of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership with the US or the dispute with China on solar panels. The second change is about the way decisions are driven, influenced and taken at the EU level, with the broader emergence of often discreet intergovernmental negotiations and at the same time of more open stakeholders consultation. National Parliament and a wide range of economic and social players have the potential to influence new legislative initiatives from design to implementation at the local level. Too often this new co-legislative approach remains aspirational or just a formal exercise because of the lack of investment required by stakeholders to understand Brussels and interplay with the local regulatory framework. The third change and challenge is about building a truly economic union with a new system of economic and financial governance now at its infancy but already directly impacting the whole banking sector in Europe. This change is linked to the broader essential question of the Europe that we want. The type of response may sanction the end or provoke the renaissance of the European Union. The pace, scope and effectiveness of change is not only a function of the will of policymakers and of the capacity of the EU civil servant to overcome the bureaucratic mindset for which Brussels is best known. It very much relies on the capacity of business representatives and other stakeholders to be more proactively engaged and contribute to the change process that is underway. This is not often the case yet and I believe that we as independent trusted advisors have a role to play in alerting, preparing and accompanying such contribution. A contribution that is in the interest of business but also of a more effective democratic decision making process as it allows policymakers to take more informed and evidence-based decisions. Next year direct election of the European Parliament in May and the renewal of the European Commission in July will be instrumental to draft that answer and be the main testbed for shaping the role of Europe for the years ahead. The electoral text and people participation to the vote is probably the biggest challenge for policymakers not only in Brussels as they face the paradox of decreasing confidence and increasing expectation of the European citizens vis-à-vis the EU institutions.


In current module, we will discuss about separation technique, a brief introduction. Separation technique, which we were discussing in the previous slide on sample preparation technique. As a part of sample preparation, we have to separate our analyte in first phase. Our metrics may be gas, solid, semi-solid, or liquid, and our analyte may be soluble in the metrics and may be as a suspended solid or a coagulate. Separation techniques may be the most basic technique called filtration. If you want to separate solid from liquid, it is called filtration. Filtration is done through simple filter paper, and if the vacuum is applied for it, then we use bookner funnel etc. In this way, the filter paper is folded and used as a one-quarter filter paper. If it is folded further, then we prepare a fluted filter paper through which we can increase the surface area so that our separation becomes better. If your sample or your analyte is insoluble, then we can separate it through filtration. But if it is a suspended solid and has very thin particles, then it will need to be coagulated first, and then we will perform an analysis. Second technique called sublimation. If you want to separate solid from a solid material, it is called sublimation. If our analyte may be sublime, i.e. on a particular temperature, a direct gaseous form can come from a solid material, then we use sublimation. This small apparatus that we are seeing, in which we place our sample in the battery dish, and after heating it, the ammonium chloride vaporizes and sticks with this funnel. If we want to separate the ammonium chloride from the sodium chloride, then it is a very easy method called sublimation. The third technique is called solvent extraction. If you want to separate our liquid sample or solid sample in between two immiscible liquids, it is called solvent extraction. For solvent extraction, then there will be need of immiscible liquids. For example, one liquid is usually water, while the other liquid is used as organic liquid. If organic liquid is denser than water, then its layer will be placed on the bottom side of the separation funnel. If it is lighter, then the layer of water will come down and the layer of our organic solvent will be placed on top. Our matrix or our analyte can also be soluble in water and our analyte can also be soluble in organic solvent. On the basis of its solubility, we choose a particular water or organic layer after which it is used for analysis. Solid phase extraction is another technique through which we enrich the minute and light concentration. For example, if we want to do an analysis of pesticide residues and water is our matrix, then we use this technique to separate the minute quantity of analyte in microgram from 100 of litters. There are four steps through which we separate it. The first step is conditioning. In the second step, we load our sample, i.e. litters of water. Our particular analyte and other than that, some constituents stay on this matrix or column. Through washing, we keep the particular analyte present there, In addition, we separate the rest of the different ions out of it. And in the final step, we get an illusion through which we get pure analyte. To know the concentration of analyte, it is necessary to separate it from the rest of the matrix. That is why the process of this concentration is called solid phase extraction. Chromatographic techniques are also used to separate. There are different types of chromatographic techniques which we will discuss in the next slides or in the next module in detail. For example, paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, column chromatography. In different types of chromatography, the common thing is our mobile phase or our stationary phase. Mobile phase and stationary phase, sometimes we use liquid, sometimes we use gaseous form. Similarly, stationary phase, sometimes liquid and sometimes solid stationary phase are also used. On this basis, we give different names to our techniques. If liquid, mobile phase and liquid stationary phase are used, then we call it partitioning. If solid stationary phase is used, then it is called adsorption. Paper chromatography is a very basic technique through which we separate and concentrate different analytes. And then we know their quantity. Paper chromatography is also in ascending order in which liquid is in the pool and flows upwards. In this way, two-dimensional chromatography is also done. Flat or horizontal paper chromatography is also performed. And these different techniques we will use to separate. Column chromatography is another type in which our silica gel, which is a stationary phase, is used to separate. Column chromatography is another type in which our silica gel, which is a stationary phase, is packed in a glass column and we pass our analytes or our matrix through this column which is distributed in different parts. As you can see in the color band in this picture, in the glass column too, this band will be separated at their own time and we will perform the work to quantify them. Instrumental techniques that we use are HPLC or gas chromatography. HPLC is based on the same chromatographic technique. That is, if our liquid-mobile phase and liquid-heat stationary phase are there, then HPLC is called high-pressure or high-performance liquid chromatography. And if we are using a gaseous mobile phase and using liquid or solid surface as a stationary phase, then it is called gas chromatography. Apart from these two basic techniques, there are many other spectrophotometric techniques that we use for analysis. In the next module, we will discuss them in detail.


Let's do a little running, but Midgee hosting cross country invite start with the boys. Jack's game most had is seventh at 1748 his teammate Riley Berg sprints it out for fourth just 16 seconds faster but perms Carson Spiker wins at 1714 30 girls 5k. Kelo and Regan do it go 9-10 for Bemidji, but the race was dominated once again by senior Sadie Hamrin. She cruises for the victory at 1939.40. Teamwise on the boys side perm first Bemidji second and Moorhead third and on the girls side perm also the winners there followed by Moorhead and the lumberjack. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland news please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Jessica Nkosi breaks her silence on her man and pregnancy, I don't want any drama. After months of speculation, actress Jessica Nkosi has finally confirmed that she is pregnant with a baby girl and is happily in love with her partner, Bozalo's Entocozo Dlamini. Claims of the couple's romance and pregnancy first surfaced in a report by Sunday sooner earlier this year, but speaking to True Love magazine recently, Jessica finally confirmed the good news. She told the publication that she was not trying to hide the pregnancy from her fans but just wanted to enjoy the journey and her relationship without the spotlight being on her. There's nothing scandalous about my pregnancy. Therefore, I don't want any drama around it and I certainly don't want anyone to have an opinion about it. The star took a small break from social media but later returned, posting a picture of herself in a puffy dress that sent the rumor mill into a meltdown. Even though news of her pregnancy has now been confirmed, Jessica told True Love that fans still won't get a glimpse of her man on her social media accounts, not because she's ashamed of him, but she wants her romance all to herself. Sharing the cover on Instagram, Jessica apologized to fans for keeping them in the dark. She. So I have something to share with you all. I'm very sorry I've been quiet and kept you in the dark about me. The actress explained that she was now ready to share what she called her biggest blessing with fans. Now I'd like to share with you my blessing that God has gifted me with, well not just me. I feel chosen and blessed beyond compare. Jessica is also taking a break from screens during her pregnancy and is expected to return early next year. It is of course not the first time that the Isabaya star has disappeared from screens. She told Chvissa Live last year that she was leaving Isabaya to pursue other opportunities in theater. It's just something I felt I wanted to do at this point in my career. The opportunity availed itself, and I guess it found me at a point where I was like yes yes yes. Having studied drama, the last time I was on stage was in my final year and I missed it, she said. She returned to the show two months later, before leaving again when she fell pregnant.