Welcome to CES 2020. We are here in the HDMI booth at CES Las Vegas and my name is Chandli Harrell. I'm with Invicus Incorporated. We design chips for the transmission reception and design of products using HDMI 2.1. So here we are showing you the HDMI 2.1 home theater in this demonstration and we're showing native 8k 60 Hertz content. Also high frame rate, high resolution 4k 120 Hertz content. I will show you a theater quality sound, high berate audio, and this is all uncompressed HDMI 2.1 transmission essentially building out a HDMI 2.1 home theater. 8k 60 Hertz and 4k 120 Hertz. So here we're showing you two set-up boxes with our Invicus silicon inside it. Chips by Invicus and each of these set-up boxes. This one transmitting 4k 8k 60 Hertz content. This one transmitting 4k 120 Hertz content and these are then connected to our HDMI 2.1 AV receiver with 8k coming in one cable and these are 4k coming in the other cable. So with our 8k... We're using two inputs from each of this one from each of the set-up boxes and then out of our receiver we go over an ultra-high speed cable which is an active optical cable. 10 meters. Nice thin one. Nice thin 10 meter active optical cable to our TV. So the TV is an HDMI 2.1 TV. That's right. Well we are using one input. It has more than one. And we are displaying 8k 60 Hertz currently on the... Excuse me. On the television you can see up here it's 43 20 p 60 Hertz content. We'll show you again. So this is amazing home theater quality video. We will... I'll briefly show you 4k 120 Hertz as well. So we switch over and we're now showing you 21 60 p content at 120 Hertz. Nice. I need to upgrade my camera to 20 Hertz. And this is... you're listening to Dolby True HD sound at the same time. So this will show you it's Dolby True HD Dolby Atmos here in a minute. So that's... this is an EARC HDMI 2.1 enhanced audio return channel capable system. You can do 8k 120 also with compression. So 8k 120 Hertz is also possible with compression. This year HDMI 2.1 the compliance test programs are really settling out. And so 2020 will be the product of the year where products are really coming out. You start to see and of course many of them we're chip suppliers. So we're supplying people who customers are doing designs with our Invika's chips to build out some of these products. So what's the architecture on your chips? How do you make them? You have a long history of making these kinds of... are they like DSPs or accelerators, ASICs? One of the one of the founding companies of HDMI is called Silicon Image. We are really the Silicon Image team and company we've rolled out is a new company called Invika's. And these require a lot of both high-speed analog capabilities and digital capabilities. A lot of very high-speed design. Pretty much like the founder of HDMI, a founding member of HDMI made it possible since the beginning. Very much so. We've been involved since day one, written very early, one out of a specification and we continue to do such as we go forward working with the HDMI forum. So you would just start on the show floor. Were you checking out some of the 8k products? Sure, sure. There's a lot of HDMI 2.1, 8k products coming out being introduced at this show. We're in coordination with Samsung and they've started... this TV has now been certified for HDMI 2.1. So yes, it's rolling out here at the show. So there's other chip makers but is there a good chance that many of the 8k TVs are gonna have your chips inside? Certainly we're working with a lot of the key manufacturers with our chips. And the AV receiver, the set-up boxes, all this stuff. Any time there's gonna be HDMI 2.1 there's a good chance you're enabling it. Certainly we're working with many manufacturers. So it's gonna be busy 2020. That's right. We're looking forward to it.


box plots and violin plots are a nice way of summarizing the distribution of a quantitative or continuous variable. But maybe you actually want to see the data directly. And dot plots are a way that allow you to do that. I'm beginning with the violin plots that I made using the iris data from the example set. And then I'm going to click on the analysis to open up the commands. And I'm going to come back down here to plots, and move this up. And what I'm going to do is simply add data. Now a lot of times you don't want to have things stacked where you have more than one kind of plot on top of another. The violin and the data, it works kind of well because the violin is an empty shape. And here you have the data in there. Now, what this is is every data point in the data set, there's 150 in this particular case.  And you can see how they approximately match the density of the violin plot. Now this is called a jittered chart, because really every dot should be exactly on a line here in the middle. But that makes it hard to tell how many there are in a particular place because they might lay on top of one another. And so jittering is randomly spreading them out a little bit to the left or to the right. So they're not usually on top of each other. And it's a little easier to see the density of the distribution. I'll show you some others here. On the other hand, you have another choice instead of just jittering if you're a nice and orderly person, you can also select stacked. And what stacked us instead of distributing them out randomly, it puts them exactly where they need to go and arranges them out in mirror image patterns as you go up the chart. And so again, this will appeal to those of you who are very fastidious. But now you can see a little clear the distribution of points at each value. And you can see really how the violin plot mimics that. I'm actually going to leave the violin plot on normally I would remove it because the two go together nicely, they don't compete. And then I'm going to come down here to where we have our same violin plots but broken down by the species, I'm going to click on that to bring up that analysis. And then I'll click on data. And I'll leave it at stacked. Now what's interesting is I said stacked, but that appears to be jittered. So I'm going to see if I can get his attention by switching back and forth from jittered to stacked to see if it changes anything. That was just a small glitch. But by going back and forth, we straightened it out. And now you can see how the data are arranged within each of the violin plots. And the height and the width of each of the violin plots now makes a little more sense. And so a dot plot of this kind either jittered or probably stacked as a little easier to read. Let's you see what's going into the box plots or into the violin plots. And let's you see the individual data points that are going to drive your analysis.


All right, what's up everybody definitive baseball number two pick your team sold out on jaspy's case breaks calm Pay attention to the website Saturday morning. We should have some more up there But it will not be coming in the mail until Monday. So keep that in mind. I'll make sure to Put that in the title. So good luck here is a list of straight-up teams We did have a few number block teams the Dodgers the Yankees and The White Sox some very high-end teams So good luck to all you guys We got the case here But yeah, I mean CD should be going up CD lamb Jerry Judy with the Raiders fan base should be going up I think LaVisca Chanel Junior from Colorado pretty good Jaguars pick them up A lot of people had the Eagles taking him in the first round a few months ago But then he kind of fell a little bit I Kind of Joe up in this This yeah Good luck everybody First hit is Nasty 15 of 30 Mike trout patch Four colors in there, and you can look up what game it's from the numbers you type in our 7 3 8 3 2 9 J C 15 of 30 for the Angels BJ Jordan took him straight up Guess rewarded with a nice Mike trout patch in there Nice patch 5 out of 15 to color Trey Turner for the Nationals Ryan H This one's five six three zero one two JC. Maybe the players weekend patch But you can see how Trey Turner did in that didn't that game a box score All right next one up Clayton Kershaw nine of ten on card auto lowest ERA In the 2010s That's going out to the Dodgers That's a number block first number block number nine Eric Gets the highest number gets the Kershaw the first hit for the number block there Next we have 12 out of 35 rod Karoo 18 times all-star game selection. That's crazy. I didn't know that twins Let's go out to Barry Roberts and 18 all-star games You'll you looked up your Michael Chavez and those from father's day. Yeah, that's what I meant I the father's day or the players weekend. I think they do a lot of these nice dual patch auto Jose Altuve George Springer four of ten Astros Houston Astros is DJ Comsea nice four out of ten Next one coming up. Wow. It is Ken Griffey Jr. Cincinnati Reds Edition ten of ten Looks like a young Ken Griffey Jr. As far as the Reds are concerned Still got the glasses on ten of ten Very nice hit for the Cincinnati Reds Gary Gordon nice one another Dodger hit 12 out of 25 Gavin Lux Rookie auto for the two spot in the number block that is going out to Daniel Pete Nice one Daniel. Well, so we got one more hitting this one. It is Max Kepler Nice patch in there 10 of 25 one two three four color Minnesota twins Barry Roberts That's one Barry. How's box one box two? I think we got something special on the bottom of the box. I See red usually means one on one All right, there's nine of fifty Trevor story Seven three seven eight nine five JC is the number if you want to look it up Colorado Rockies on that one B.J. Look at this one of one Javier Baez Look at that patch. You got the whole cub in there Game use memorabilia one of one Javier Baez for the Chicago Cubs That is sick Chicago Cubs is Robert Throne. That's an awesome patch. Yeah, that's nice That'll be going up on Instagram and Twitter for sure. All right, we got numbered 29 of 50 John Smoltz on card auto Go down to the bravos That's Brandon. This is a nice rookie autograph here. It is Boba Shet 22 out of 50 And we got a redemption right behind it. I didn't even realize until I picked it up. So we're just gonna Quick reveal here dual auto Jacob the grom pita Lonzo for the Mets Joe Ivers has the Mets and The Blue Jays is Richard zero on the Boba Shet so Mets get the dual auto and Richard Z with the Blue Jays gets the Boa Shet We got a Rod Karoo again 10 of 50. This one is California Angels edition of Rod Karoo that's going up to BJ. You got once again another Gavin Luxe this one is 34 of 50 the four spot in the number block Dodger Steve Locke That's one Steve one of the top rookies to get In baseball this year. There's a lot of them, but Gavin Mucks might be at the top of the list for some people and The last one whoo Anybody see that button there? What a loaded box to one of ones This is nice It is Bryce Harper one of one button patch auto Philadelphia Phillies think this is the first Phillies Bryce Harper I've ever pulled Rick K. Had the Phillies with the the throwback Phillies I don't know is that a Maybe a 360 point. We're gonna put it in one of these so it's nice and safe Bryce Harper one of one button patch auto. That's another one going on Instagram Twitter And that was that box, but wait, there's more that'll definitely go on Instagram one more box Had to photo this whole case been crazy. I didn't I haven't seen much of the the first few Have they all been like this? It's like we've got the gold frame in here. Let me go grab a top loader the Gavin Luxe 34 went to Steve Locke. I don't have anything else sold out after this AJ so maybe some a few personals. I haven't pulled up the personal Admin page. I don't know if there's any orders yet But nothing else on the website. I was trying to push this leaf metal six left, but Stuck at six if anybody wants to get on that Six spots and we're in breaksville pretty easy to fill I think All right, we got three of 15 Lucas Geolito bigfoot. I guess his nickname is 737 143 JC. That is going out to White Sox, right? Yeah, Chicago White Sox on that one that is for the number block It was three of 15 Leonard there you go Get the three of 15 Lucas Geolito 19 of 35 Little two-color action in there. Yuli Gurriel Numbers are two zero three one one four JB. It's for DJ with the Astros Pedro Martinez two of ten Lois ERA in the 2000s Boston Red Sox John, what is your favorite version of Pedro? I like expo's Pedro. I do like Red Sox Pedro though All right, we have number to 30 gold-framed autograph Chipper Jones Very nice for the Braves Brandon You got the Braves picked up a nice one. It really does say that Todd Are you messing with me? Oh On the Astros. I thought you meant it was like the pitcher patch and he's in the bullpen Now I get what you're saying the Astros got it That's funny. I was like what really eight of ten Brian Sandberg Anthony Rizzo Doolado cubs killed this one Robert Throne gets the Sandberg rhino and Rizzo The Rhino Rizzo number ten very nice few hits in here left We got Tim Reigns 10 of 50 Montreal Expos go to the Washington Nationals That's Ryan H 10 of 50 Two more to go Kyle Lewis rookie autograph 29 of 50 going out to the Seattle Mariners and TJ Boyer and last hit of the break. Good luck. Thanks everybody for getting in is Ronald Acuna Jr 26 of 30 for the Atlanta Raves nice break for Brandon So there you go. Thanks everybody for getting in that was definitive baseball Three box case break number two some great ones Like I said be on the lookout for more definitive pick your team three and four I think we'll have on Monday probably on the website on Saturday So go check it out Jaspies case breaks calm. Thanks everybody for getting in appreciate it. See y'all next time


I was muted all game.   I got a few burns on him. Yeah, trying as well. Got it. Holds me freedom himself Sack got it pushing.


I'm scared of it, but let me start with what is going on in London. Nobody knows, I think, it's a great answer. There is obviously lack of certainty politically. There's huge lack of certainty about Brexit. Theresa May is a lost majority of the election. It's clearly undermined her control of her position and it's made her government much more open than it was. Felly, mae'r cyflawn i'r perffodol yn gyflawn, a'r cyflawn i'r perffodol, sy'n mynd i fod yn rhywbeth, oherwydd mae'n bwysig, ond mae'n ddweud i'r cyfeirio cyffraffau cymunedol yma, yn ymddangos i'r cyffraffau yma, yn cyffraffau hyfforddol yn cael gwir yng ngyfl wedi'u cerddfforddau. Mae'r cerddfforddau yn gweithio'r cyffraffau a'u gwirio'r cyffraffau a'u cyflwyd i'r cyffraffau, a'u gwirio'r cyffraffau. meantime the opposition which did better than expected in the election is still studiously to meet by my main babe or what do you think the British and the European Union? Whoever thought that what we should do is have a referendum to settle the question of the EU and so for all I think we would say that they would have the same plans that they did. But it happened, but perhaps the most critical new development dwi'n meddwl, dwi ddim yn ei bryd, gweld i'n meddwl i'r ffordd yn ôl i'r pobl y ffordd yn cwmhwyddiadau, gwybod i'r bodig, fel yr ymddangos cyfan mawr. Mae'n dwi'n meddwl a'r cyffredig. Rwy'n meddwl i'r bodig yn gweld i'r bwysig sydd ei bodai am gweithio'r gwyach ac yn hynny yma. Yma'r bwysig yn mewn hwn i'r bwysig, mae'n iddo ei fod yn ymddangos a'r bwysig i London. But it's not just for rental services and other businesses, but the pharmaceutical industry, the car industry, the universities. What is sometimes called the flat-white economy? They're all beginning to talk about the fear that too hard a break so it could be seriously damaging. I think that is going to play a role in the next few months. One interesting fact to me about these developments is that quite a lot of them, and I cite particularly examples yr unrhyw ddechrau am y cyfnod yn ymddangos am y cyfnod bwysig fel y cyfnod ddechrau. Mae'r ffordd i'w'r bwysig wedi bod ymweld o'r oedden nhw, o'r cyfnod o'r cyfnod o'r cyfnod o'r cyfnod yn ymweld, ond o'r cyfnod o'r migrasiynau, a'r syniadau yw'r cyffredinol sy'n gweithio am y cyfnod yma, sy'n gwneud y cyffredinol o'r cyfnod o'r cyfnod yn gweithio, bod llunio'r cyfrifau hynny wedi bod yn beth gweld iawn â'r cynflwybyn ymlaes mwy ym mwy erbyn. Teau eu dynnu ar gyfer y cyfrifau o'r amser mewn cyfrifau yn gofio'r cyfrifau, gallwn y cyfrifau cyfrifau yn gwybod yn teimlo, mae'n eu hynny sefydl i gweld cael eu cyfrifau oedd yn mynd i'r ein cyfrifau i'r symbol, felly rwyín amdangos i chi ganddo i. Ier i bobl yn ymrydrif, mae'n meddwl sydd yn gwneud fawr i'r llunio'r cyfrifau, Ie dweud yr oedd ynghylch oedd Ffyrdd Brydynt yn gweithio'r Gwmwyno i'r gweithio a'r Выsr Gwmwyno ar yr ystod, yn diolch i'r ystod. O hynny, i'r cyflugwlad yma, yn cyd-i'r cyflugwlad hynny, ond yn ddylai'r cyflugwlad ar y glasgrwyff yn gweithlo yma, a'r cyflugwlad yma, i'n gyfrifio ar gyflugwlad yma. Mae'r cyflugwlad yma yn y gweithio'r gweithio yn ei ffyrdd yma yw'r cyflugwlad. A, in the case of Brexit in particular there is a massive amount of legislation that does need to be got through, not just the repeal Bill, but a lot of associated legislation to put in place new arrangements for a post Brexit Britain. Getting all that through, both houses is going to be very challenging and I think that is encouraging in some ways because it does mean that MPs ought to have a greater say in precisely what happens ac mae gennym ei gallu rhesysgu ac yn rhesysgu. Felly dyna'r cyfaint cyfaint cyfaint sy'n rhesysgu yn London. Yn y brosodus yn teimlo, ac yn bwysigol y dda Blynedd wedi'u gweld cyflwyno sy'n meddwl a beth sy'n y pwneud ar gondwsgynosaeth a brexit ac chi'n erbyn. Felly peidio'r gweithio bod yn oedd yn oed gyhoedd iawn, ac mae'r ddweud yn ddim yn i gydag o London. Mae rhyw cael yn y dechrau dwi'n dweud Llyngodd e still doesn't really know quite what it wants from this negotiation, but the rest of the European Union sees it as, if you like, an enlargement negotiation in reverse. And they know how to have enlargement negotiations, and they're producing all the papers and documents and so on. They are taking, I think the rest of the European Union is taking a very maximalist position in almost every area that it has discussed so far. I don't just mean the budget, I would also refer to EU citizens and so on, Mae'r cyfnod yn ymddangos, ac mae'n cyfnod o'r cyfnod o'r negatio, ond mae'n cerddwyd yn cymryd ac yn oedol yn Lund. Mae'n ddigon i'n ffrustrasiad o'r brosl oherwydd mae'n cydweithio'r ffordd o'r ffordd o'r brosl o'r Llyfrgell yng Nghymru. Mae'r ddiweddau'r bryddiadau yn ymddangos o'r bryddiadau o'r bryddiadau i'r bryddiadau o'r bryddiadau. Mae gweithio wrth gostol yn mod i'r mi gyflawn iそi siaradau arsiaethu fe'i gynhyrch ac yn mynd i'r cyd-dynnu yma yn y 20, 30, ac i gyd-dynnu yma chi'n gwneud yma wnaeth yng Nghyrgrifennu continuegofaniaeth, yna'r ffordd yn gwybod i'r rhaglendon. Rydyn ni'n gweithio yn ymddig i'r rhain o erbyg gyda i eu bodai yma i fy ddraen iawn. Mae'n anffodus yr eistedd arill i gyd-dynnu ar y ddraen a'r Unedig. pan'r rhaid i'r unrhyw ffordd ymgyrch ar unrhyw bwysig, y ffyrdd ymgyrch ar Brythnos, ond rywbeth yn ymgyrch ar y Uned, rydych chi'n enw i'n ddiddordeb yn 4 o 5, gyda hynny'n ffeith yma. Ond yw rhaid i'r rhaid i'n ddweud, mae hynny'n ddiddordeb yn ymgyrch ar unrhyw bwysig, a ydych chi'n ddweud yma ar unrhyw bwysig, ac mae'n ddweud ar y bwysig yn ymgyrch ar y bwysig, I think they still feel that there are people in London including ministers who would like to do an Al-Aqat relationship. There are so many obvious examples of that, the full benefits of the single market without free movement of labour, some EEA-type deal like Norway without any role for the European Court of Justice. I think the feeling in Brussels correctly, in my view, is that ministers in London have not really absorbed the nation, maybe Felly mae'n oed i'r rhaid i gyd, felly mae'n cyfrifio'r ddysgu a dwi'n dechrau'r ffordd fel gweithio. Y proses ydy'r gweithlerydd yma i wneud ybryd i'r llunio'r gweithio a'r adegwyddiadau. Mae'r ystyried gan hyn yn cael eu gwaith yng nghwylwyr, mae'n gweithio'r adegwyddiadau, mae'n gallu bod yn cael ei gwybod, byddai'r adegwyddiadau yn brosol i'r adegwyddiadau, ond mae'n cael ei gweithio'r adegwyddiadau a'r adegwyddiadau, felly mae'r cerddau o'i hawdd y gallu cynnig i'r gweithio o arddangosio amser a chart yn ni'r sig Prifhysgwrmarth hon. Felly y bywch sy'n ei wneud i'r negosiadau cynghorwf yn anghyddorg sy'n bwysig i'w cyfrydych chi'n ddim yn gweithio i'r gweithio i'r cygraedau. Mae'r gweld yn Llanddon wedi fydd wedi i'w wneud hynny oes i vom. Mae'r cyfryd dd interviews mount yno i ni!   A dyma'r risg, rwy'n ei ddweud, ale mae'r risg, mae'r gweithredu, maen nhw'n gweld y dyfodol yn y cyfrifetio'r gweithredu. Undid y debut eich bod yn creu ddweud, ddweud hynny i ddweud i'i ddweud yma'r hynny, ei wneud hi'n trefnol gweld yn ddweud i'ch ddweud hynny fel oedd yn rhan trefn Pwg yw wneud. Ond mae fath gweithio'r gweithio lwyneb yn alsieit pwg. Mae'r codi'r Constituuntol yr Gwaith geithredu Llywodraethol yn osir i dweud, mae'r gweithio yma i ddweud mewn cîm cysylltu'r rhwng. Mae'r gweithio'r cysylltu'r rhwng yn ddechrau'r rhwng yn llwyddiad, The two things that everybody can agree on in these negotiations now, July 2017, are number one that there isn't enough time, everybody can agree, including people in London who didn't always see this, that the idea of negotiating a complete article 50 deal and a new trade relationship by about October or November of next year is completely untenable. And I think it is also widely accepted that it would be difficult in a formal way just simply to extend the article 50 deadline. You can be done, it's not out of the question, but it's one, as everybody knows, that requires unanimous approval of the entire European Council. And I think it's never been likely because as soon as you start extending a deadline like that, you weaken the EU 27's bargaining position against the UK. If you can always extend a deadline, then it's quite difficult to make the deadline mean anything. Something that I think we are seeing north of the border right at this moment in relation to the power sharing executive. And hence, second point, quite early on this autumn, I think people will begin to focus quite a lot of attention on precisely what should happen on March 29, 2019, and the answer that they will light upon is some kind of transitional period. We don't know quite what that will be, and it's not as simple as it sounds, but I think it's politically challenging in a way for both sides. And it's hard to agree on a transitional period if you have no idea about what endpoint you're reaching. You don't know whether it's a bridge or a phasing out. But I think it will still come into the negotiation, and it seems to me obvious that the most plausible transition period is simply a prolongation of the status quo in one form or another. And it is already clear from the way it is being discussed in London that that would be acceptable, even to those who are most enthusiastic about Brexit, so long as they believe it is not something like the European Economic Area, which people tell me were set up as a transitional arrangement. It will not be acceptable if you just thought of something that could last for 20 or 30 years, but if it lasts for three, four or five years, I think it could be acceptable, and clearly just better than falling off a cliff edge. My third point more briefly is just a few thoughts from the other side of the Irish Sea on what is sometimes called the Irish Question. As I'm sure you all know in this room regrettably, despite the efforts of some of us writing on this subject, this issue was completely ignored during the referendum campaign. There was a little bit of a focus on what you could call the Scottish Question, in my view, wrongly, because I never thought the referendum, even if it went the way it did, would immediately lead to independence for Scotland, and indeed the prospect of independent Scotland has actually receded, not increased, but it was obvious to anybody who looked at the subject that a decision to leave the European Union would have implications for this island. I think one of the reasons it was difficult to debate this before the referendum was that both the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland and the First Minister were very enthusiastic levers, a position that I found really rather astonishing given the implications for Northern Ireland, but that's politics. Where we've got two sins. Number one, I would say congratulations to the Irish Government for making clear that this issue is a very important one. Number two, therefore, congratulations again for putting the issue of the border right on the table at the beginning of the negotiations. I also think that the Irish Government has been very good at supporting the nation, that based the Good Friday Agreement and the peace process in Northern Ireland in general, have been something that has been very important to the whole European Union, something that I think Michel Barnier personally, as then regional commissioner, also believes Northern Ireland over the last 20 years has been a success for the European Union, not just for Dublin and London. And I think that's why the other countries also have a huge stake in making sure that that remains true. Yet it is obvious that Brexit is the biggest blow to this island in 20 years. Ireland will clearly take a hit from it almost in whatever form it takes place. I think the concern that it might interfere with the common travel area, which some people still worry about, is less important than the much more significant concern about trade across the border and customs, which is very much on the table. And it seems to me this is another, have your cake in Egypt area. Everybody agrees that there should be a frictionless border, but this is going to be a border, not between Britain and the Republic of Ireland, but between Britain and the European Union. And a frictionless border, if one country is in a customs union and one country is not, is not an easy thing to envisage. Is there an answer? I'd like to hope that somebody in this audience would know that there is an answer. There are people in London who sometimes say we can deal with this with technical solutions. I'm rather sceptical about whether that is enough. And then of course the latest suggestion out of London, actually out of an Irish diplomat, I believe, is that we can solve this problem because Ireland should follow Brexit, follow Britain out of the European Union. I think one prediction I can make is that that is highly unlikely to happen. The nation that England having forced Scotland and Northern Ireland against their will that the European Union could now do the same to the Republic of Ireland, I think is a bit far fetched. And I actually believe, as an outsider observer, that a more likely scenario in the long run is actually a united Ireland. I'm not sure how enthusiastic people on either side of the border are for that, but I do think it's a possibility that people should start thinking about it. And then a few minutes down on the future of the European Union, which is sometimes forgotten in this discussion. I happen to think that however much you may feel Britain has been a pain in the neck in Europe, it has been an important member of the European Union. And I think therefore Brexit is bad, not just for Britain, but for the European Union. Losing the liberal voice of Britain weakens the European Union, and clearly Brexit is very bad for the European Union in foreign security and defence policy. And to me that points to a conclusion that has not been sufficiently emphasised in recent discussion. It is very important for both Britain and the European Union 27 to keep Britain involved in all of these areas, and finding a way of doing it is not as straightforward as some people think. Once again in some areas it raises the question of the European Court of Justice. But I think some way of involving Britain is very important. Second thing about the future of the EU and where it is now is that the condition of the European economy is particularly interesting at the moment. As I'm sure many of you have seen in the last two weeks, Britain has moved from being the fastest growing large member of the European Union to, in the first quarter, the slowest growing member of the entire European Union. I think that is interesting psychologically because one of the driving motives for Brexit was always the notion that somehow the European Union was a corpse and we were shackled to this corpse and we needed to cut the shackles in order to sail away on a global front. If we are now moving into a position which I think is quite likely that actually the European Union and the Eurozone will work, but will grow faster than the UK, I think that could have a psychological effect on the Brexit negotiations themselves. Having said that, I do worry a bit that some people are saying that the Eurozone's problems are completely over. Everything is hunky-dory. All we need to do is sit back and let Mr Macron work his magic and Europe will thrive and there is no need for further change. I still think that the Eurozone does need further reform. Banking Union is incomplete. There are still complete differences of view between France and Germany on how to run the Eurozone. When the next crisis hits, it could hit any country at all, including, for example, Italy. I think that the Euro is not completely out of the woods. Then, of course, the European Union still has many other problems that have not been resolved. What to do about refugees, how to cope with Russia, what to do about relations with the United States. I am hopeful that, just because things look better at the moment, people in Brussels and in the national capitals do not lapse back into a complacent feeling that post-Brexit everything is wonderful because I think that Brexit did send a signal about the dissatisfaction of ordinary voters with the European project. You can look at other countries inside the European Union, including places like Poland and Hungary, to see where things need to change. I also would like, by concluding comment, to hope that one consequence of all these discussions might be a re-examination of the architecture of Europe. I am not saying that the European Union should be done away with clearly it shouldn't be, but I do think that there are issues about the future of Europe that are worse to re-examining. There are many countries in Europe that are not in the European Union. There are many countries in the European Union that are not in the euro. Some kind of solution based around a multi-speed, multi-tier groupings would be a good way of resolving some of the issues in Europe, including the western Balkans, Ukraine, Turkey and possibly even Britain. I think that something like that would be worth examining in which some countries participate in certain activities in the European Union and others not. A better and more imaginative approach to Europe would help all of us.


The first two places I heard of hypothesis were one from a colleague that's at an institution that shares our campus, CU Denver shares a similar physical campus as MSU Denver and Rami Khalir was using hypothesis and introduced me to the idea of annotating syllabi and really fun things that you could do with hypothesis early on, and then also Libre text had integrated hypothesis into their OER resources and so I ran across it there as well. But it really wasn't until it must have been spring of 2020 so this was the semester that the pandemic unfolded that I had been thinking for over a year that I wanted to switch to using OER and my biochemistry to class I've been doing that in general chemistry for a long time. But the OER I found biochemistry free for all which is out of Oregon State, huge PDF like 3,600 pages or more, and I really was having trouble wrapping my head around how to use this resource and I realized I could chunk it up into short readings and then assign them through hypothesis and give that a go. So I feel very fortunate that I happen to start that practice before the pandemic because it was one of the things I think really held the class together after we had to move virtually because the students could continue adding their voice and having those conversations in the margin. So that that was my real foray into hypothesis and I've been using it in that class every semester since even adding more assignments. So we have at least two hypothesis assignments a week, sometimes three, and I found it very satisfying because I get to see what the students are thinking about and then I can respond to that in my lecture so for me it's become a type of just in time teaching that helps me see areas that maybe I didn't explain clearly enough in the previous lecture or things that students are especially enthusiastic about for the upcoming lecture, and it's really, really been a lot of fun.


It's still the breakfast special independence right here and thank you for joining us. We head straight to our next conversation, we're looking at politics and the 2023 elections. We have a guest who's been here with us from the speech of the president, he's the fine gentleman Joe Femi-Dagoro, he's the founder of Ligas Forum. Thank you so much for being with us. Thanks. Let's get straight to it, but I know that there's politics and when the season of politics and the elections is almost here, but how would you describe our political process as a country, 1960 and we're here now? Well, when you look at it, it's still a growing process, it's still growing. We're not there yet and we've made tremendous steps, we've taken tremendous steps from where we were. It's always a good thing when you get your independence and I just want to feel the fact that we are all happy that we are independent nation and for the forefathers that have taken that right decision at that time, I think it's a good thing to see where we are today, but we have not done badly when you look at it and compare to other countries, but at the same time, we have to do better than what we inherited in court now because you say you inherited so many things from people, but I don't want us to be looking at the colonization as an issue right now because it's taking some years back, 62 years. Why should we even be talking about it? We should have grown, most people if you have 62 years right now, you have great hair, you'll be having grandchildren all over the place. So I mean, this is a moment for us to reflect and say where are we now? Where are we going? What's going on? A lot of the young people and some of our children, they are not happy with the country we have right now and we are leaving for them because at some point they ask you a question, was it true? If I tell any of my kids and say, listen, I had the opportunity to add bossry, I said, what is bossry? You know, whoever the government pays you and whether it's scholarship to travel around to do a lot of things, why is it not now? You can't answer.  So what happened? My mates are in the government. My mates are the people who are there now. Some of us, we have a generation who have been there, who are there and who are still going to be there. So they blame it on us. And yes, what can we do to improve the situation? I don't want the situation where we blame the colonial masters, we blame the military, we keep blaming people. Let's blame ourselves that we are now there. We want to do something. What are we going to do? What are we doing? There is corruption, no doubt. There is infrastructure deficit. There's no doubt about that. The children in schools, they can't go to school. At the right time, most of them have been kidnapped. Some of them are kidnapped, brother. And some of them who are in the university, in the public university, they can't go back for seven months. So these are the problems that most parents cannot explain what independence is all about and is a problem right now. So we have to look at it and guide against it. What can we do to prevent some of these problems? So prevent some of these issues so that 2023 will lead us ahead of what catastrophe we are coming from or we have in the past. So we are looking at this as an opportunity to lead us, to prepare us. And what I've not seen is the fact that what is the ideology that is driving us? Do we have the ideology that is driving us? I know in the past, when you have some of these political organizations like Action Group and PCA and all this other, you know, I will all came up with the fact that, listen, I want to give free education. And this is what we are going to have. I want to give free health. This is what we are going to do. But right now I just said, I will do it. What are you going to do better than what we have right now? What are you going to do that will make people trust you? You know, we speak too much grammar. You know, we are importing not only ideologies that will not work. The Constitution will say we want this kind of American style of, you have two houses, the House of Rep and the Senate. And then what is going on there? Sometimes you even see the employees of these two houses saying they are going on strike because they've not been paid. We don't know how much the president ends. We don't know how much the senators are ending. We don't know how much these things are not transparent. So how can we continue to live under this kind of government? It's an issue. But Mr. Firm, now we're looking at Nigeria, you know, being a 62-year-old country. Yes. We talked about if you're 62, you know, have gray hair. Yes. And you know, you're expecting your children to be growing up and they're getting married and all that. Yes.  Just tell me any country. OK, maybe United States of America, for instance, which is a leading democratic nation, all right, in the world. That we're just nascent.  For how long do you perform experiments in the laboratory? Is this still an experiment? And looking at, so I mean, are we not being too hard on ourselves? Are we not being too hard on ourselves? I mean, look at how many years ago was it that the British left the country? Look at the Queen herself, who just died, lived through several generations. So we are still in it. No, no, no, no, no, no. I would argue that you experience independence as still alive. That should be a time frame for experiments. You can be experimenting all this while. You say, no, Mr. Femme D'Agron, you're saying you're 62, but in country years, in country years, we might just be entering adolescence. Listen, you want country years. Let me tell you one thing. You want to look at it. The population of Nigeria in 1960 is not the same population we have right now, right? And then when you are looking at that and you want to say you want to experiment, how long do you want to experiment with over 200 million? So all these countries that we refer to went through their processes. Hold on a minute. Rome was not built in the day. Forget about it. No Rome was not built in the day, but every day they continue to improve. Yes. If you say Rome was not built in the day, are you improving now? We're not improving. So we are improving, but- Democratically, we're not improving. Listen, every day you see one of the parties, somebody say, look, I didn't apply for any loan. House rent, why do you give me 28 million? Is that an improvement?  What is it? Most of the things you are hearing is a campaign audacity. People will say things that they cannot fulfill. They don't even know. When they get there, they say, I didn't know. So now we have to begin to look at it that we want to do something reasonable. We can continue to experiment with the lives of the people. A spokesman of the campaign group said, look, the people are hungry. So if you know that the people are hungry and you've been there for 80 years, what have you done? What are you going to do better than what you've done before? So we have to begin to understand that. And if a political party say, look, I can do everything better, I can produce, we have to produce and produce. What do you want to produce? How do you produce? Because you need a machinery. And the machinery you need has to be imported. You cannot fire the central bank of now immediately. You have the power to do that. You cannot fire all the policemen. You cannot, you need people. So you have to begin to understand it right now that there's a difficult challenge ahead. And don't let us carry these young people with a kind of illusion. Because most of the things people are saying, illusionary things. And that is what pains me. I see children. I see young graduates. We have done a bit. And that the young people are coming up. But the young people are seeing what is wrong. And so tendency is there that they will follow these wrong ideas as well. So let's begin to, why do we have to even be talking about states? Why do we have to be talking about religion? Why do we have to be talking about man to man or man and woman kind of government? So no, religion should not be an issue for us right now in 62 years. Do you think that's appropriate? We should not be talking about ethnicity. Is it? I'm a Yoruba man. I'm married from another state. I'm married from Kogi. Does that make me to be a non-Yoruba person again? And you have the elders that are not infinity, but some of us is this. We have elders who are trying to bring this unity amongst us. OK. But some say that Nigeria's democracy, I mean, we look at the promise and the characters and the personalities that fall for democracy to return to Nigeria in the days of Babangida and the days of Abacha. We can talk about Nadeko and the characters that were associated with Nadeko and the pro-democracy struggle as a whole. Some say that the characters that emerged as governors and at the executive level around the country, the House of Assemblies, Senate and the House of Representatives, were not the right persons. And that's why we got it wrong from 1999. That those who were meant to step in, we're not sure the military was going to stay in the barracks. They felt the military was going to come back and do what they did in 1992 or 1993. So are you of the same thought that the right persons stayed back and where I gave the opportunity to people who were not probably qualified or didn't really have the right mindset? And that's why we got it wrong from 1999 Listen, if anybody is saying that the person's mind is biased, it's not sensitive to what is on ground. If people believe, why don't you come out? Some people struggle, they suffered for this. And you are now saying that the right people did not come in because some of the people they were afraid and they ran away and they didn't come back again. Intellectuals, pro-democracy activists. But some people stayed behind and they came in. And these intellectuals, they were waiting for their time. Who will give you that time? If I am in the country and I fought for something and I'm sitting down to have the phone with what I fought for, will you terminate? I have to get out of the picture. I've met a lot of persons who say, see, I just, I even bought the phone for one tout in my community. I told him to go and run the election. I even paid for him because I didn't feel that this democracy will last. That's your feeling. If somebody feels democracy will not last and is now complaining that, oh, I should have waited. I should have seen this happening. The person is not having the right mind. You have to be positive to understand that politics is not for everybody. To be in a political position. I might be talking today. I may not want to be a chancellor. I may not want to be a governor. But that does not mean that I cannot express myself about the governance. And that does not mean I cannot support whom I fear is good to be there. But to say that, oh, the right people, who are the right people? The first thing I know is that. Because look at the results you've had since 1999. It's because most of us. That's why you're here. So if the right persons were in governance in politics, they probably would not be here complaining. Will you say Trump was the right guy when he came in there? I'm talking about like this. Yes, because you said we took this thing from America. We are comparing. We said, give me a country. You said America, for instance, was Trump the right person when he came in there? Now that we have seen what has happened, will you say when Natasha was there, she was the right person in the UK? Will you say, but you can say in Germany, was Angela Merkel, was she the right person there? Because she still lives in a flat where she stays. She still watches her clothes with them. So now what I'm saying is this. Why don't we check the backgrounds of these people? Why don't you excuse me? Why don't you begin to say, listen, now that we have learned a mistake, we have learned a lesson from this, we have seen the mistake. Why don't we say, listen, the candidates, Attiku, can you tell us what you have paid? Taxes. Can you give us your tax return? Can you tell us, Ashwaju, what's your tax return? OB and Guapanzo and lots of them. It is not just about showing us or medical record. If the constitution allows that, the constitution says that even the bank directors, the bank staff, they have to declare their asset. Have they been declaring their assets? So when you compare the people to declare their asset and they take us for a ride, so how do we now say no? It's we, the citizens, we have the problem with ourselves. We don't ask the right questions. They are coming again with these same promises. I'm going to do this, I'm going to do that. But how much have they been paying for taxes? We have to ask questions, and that is the problem. Now it is difficult, I tell you what, I can understand that it's difficult to buy the form. Who is that person that has a genuine person? Where is he going to get 100 million? Where is he going to get 100 million to pay? So we have not, all of us can all be pressed at the same time, but we have to begin to look at it, let's start from the local level. And that is the issue. So we'll be able to look at some of the issues. I mean, it's a good time for us to reflect as 62, 62. And we are a federal system, it's a federal republic of Nigeria. We have a multi-party system, and that's why we have several political parties. We have two houses, so you have the upper house and the lower house. And do you think that the problem lies with the system that we're practicing?  And that would be the solution. So my question to you now is, do you think that the system that we're practicing with multi-party system, what have you, you think it's the problem? What exactly is it? I think it's part of the problem. No one can specifically say that this is just a major problem. In my own opinion, it's part of the problem because it's to elaborate. We don't even know those who are there. Listen, if you look at other people, you'll see that some people just go in there and they just slip off. Some don't even go. Some don't even go. But if there's an issue that they're going to do something or whatever president is coming, well, everybody will rush to that. Something that they have to benefit from. Yes, they'll go there. You know, in the first instance, why do we have to give these guys the consistency allowance? It is not the duty of a senator or a rep to take money to his constituency and start distributing it's a kohan machine or whatever they distribute. You have to make laws. That's what I'm talking about. Calibre of persons who got the forms in 1998 to step in in 1999. Kofi, I think it would be okay for him to, let's talk about the issue of the system of governance that we practice. The system is faulty, really faulty. We don't even know how much we pay them. So it's faulty. If we go to the regional one and it will enable people to understand how we share the government or the federal, from the federal bucket, it will enable us to know who gets what, how this is being shared. For now, it is not being shared well because we have so many agencies that we cannot even control. We have so many, you know, that is why you see strikes going on. And that's why you begin to see that at the end of the day, people begin to tell you, listen, we are not doing the right thing. The system is faulty. Okay, very quickly, please, very quickly. We have an election coming up. Right. Will Nigeria get it right in 2023? Nobody can promise you that. Nobody can promise you that because what I'm saying, I'm seeing the same people saying the same thing. Not even anything different? Nothing different. What is the difference in what they're saying? We have infrastructure problem. You are saying you will do it better. How will you do it better? We have not seen their programs. But it seems to be a new wave. A new wave, we are talking of the that, the obedience. Right, it's a good thing there's a new wave. A new wave has to come. In every society, we expect this kind of new wave. But even if they don't win the election, please, they shouldn't just stop there.  Even in America and all other places, you are saying that it is not just one election that will bring a new party or a new candidate into the government. I would have expected with this new wave. Even if this new wave, I wish them well. If they don't get the presidency, let us have governors from the labor party. Not the governors that we get there. And after six months, then they go to another party. We are jumping from one party to the other. And I think we should make it as part of our law that you cannot just be jumping from one place to the other. Like the man himself has jumped from Abga to PDP and from PDP now to labor. So you see this is causing a lot of problems because people jump from one place to the other. That is not showing character. That is not showing principle. That is not showing ideology. What are they promoting? They are promoting the same thing. And that is why the young people are just looking at it. Let us just get out of it. It seems electoral act is already, it seems to be addressing that to an extent, to an extent, not totally. With, for instance, not Kwan Kwan Suu now, Shekhar Rao, says, oh, I got the ticket on NNPP's platform, leaving NNPP to join PDP because I can't see Kwan Kwan Suu in Kano and Tiku is courting me. And NNPP say, no, no, no, you are listing your candidate for NNPP. The same thing with Lawan, who said, listen, somebody has already won the election and said, I want to get it. Which is to happen before. So is electoral act, are you confident that, it will help us get it right this time? If we continue, I repeat, consistency is just the key word there. We have to be consistent with what we have improved upon. We have improved. Even the infrastructure we're talking about, we have improved on infrastructure. We have improved on all these edges, all these corners, but are we going to be consistent? This is what people point out in Lagos state that they have 25 years development power and they are consistent on developing the plan. Look at the third mainland bridge was not built by any politician. You continue to blame the military. The military, they did something good as well that we're still upon. So what stops us from having this fourth mainland bridge? What stops us from having the second Niger bridge that this government is completing soon? All right, we have to go. It's, I wish I had more time with you. Yes, yes. But we've spent quite some considerable time to talk about the important things. Nigeria 62, politics and democracy. And Joe Femi Dagunro, thank you very much for your time. I appreciate it. And happy October one. Thank you. Yes, Mr. Joe Femi Dagunro is the founder of the Lagos Forum. And of course, that brings us to the end of Independence Day special, right here in Placime Africa.  We don't always see, I think it feels very strange. Absolutely, absolutely, absolutely. But it's great. I mean, thank you so much for being part of the show. We appreciate you, everyone that's, I mean, being part of the show. And if you miss that on it, it will be okay to join us on social media on Plus TV Africa on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. And you can also subscribe to our YouTube channel at Plus TV Africa and Plus TV Africa Lifestyle. Now, the next show will come up. John and Helen, please come with us. Oh yeah, the John and Helen show. It makes, what are your plans for today? What are you planning to spend here? I don't know. I will just relax and something.  I might go have dinner with the madam, some, you know, somewhere. That's fine. I will definitely do something. But don't go to Admiralty, by the way, because they just might be blocked. My name is Kofi Bartels and we'll return on Monday. And I am Messi Boko. Have a great day.


Okay, let's do it. So, welcome everyone. Fun fact, the slides you're about to see are largely the same as we use in our internal onboarding and for our internal training on how to interact with communities. That's no mistake. We do believe in transparency and we do believe in sharing knowledge. So, this is quite deliberately us externalizing things which we do, how we do them, and not only talking some random things and making nice noise about stuff. It's very much us externalizing what we do and live internally. So, just out of interest, because I always do this when I'm in little bit adjacent communities, who knows what Rafauna is? Okay, that's maybe 30%, which is great, because I always like having audiences where people don't really know it. So, I probably don't have to ask you if you know what's profound in lapses, but do you know what Prometheus is? Anyone? Kubernetes? Okay, no surprise. If you're using Kubernetes and you're not using Prometheus, you might want to reconsider. I mean, they're literally made for each other and two founding projects of CNCF anyway. So, I'm going to start with a few theoretical bits and then we go into the application part. So, what is a community? A community is usually a group of people who have a certain commonality. This commonality might be in various shapes or forms if you are into fishing or skateboarding or whatever, like you have some reason why you feel the need to meet with other people of that certain group. Like, for example, open source. There are a few, also in the source files, you can also click to things. We're going to download them. So, if you want to read more on any of this, there's also source links. So, there's a few, when you come from German, and I am German, there is a few nice translations. Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. Gemeinschaft is this community and you are based largely on roles and values and shared interactions and a lot of this is intrinsically motivated. Like, people can't force you to go to this one bicycling club.  Contrary to a society where a lot of interactions are not very direct, a lot of things like you send a letter or something is very indirect. You have a lot of impersonal roles and a lot of formalized values and a lot is driven by external or extrinsic motivation. For example, you don't want to be fined. I mean, there's a good example while here in Singapore or you don't want other people to look down on you or something. So, a lot of this is extrinsically motivated, not intrinsic. There's a little translation of Gesellschaft of where people come together and that's corporation and this is very much based on formalized roles and it always has an inherent structure. The others also have inherent structures but not as as raw as easily seen as corporations. And part of why you are at a company and if you're here for work is literally called compensation. So, you are being paid for using your time for not being, I don't know, at beach with your family or whatever to do the thing you're doing at work. So, this is very, very much an extrinsic motivation and yes, any healthy company has a healthy internal culture. So, what is community not? And again, this is what all the people joining Refinal Labs see including marketing and including sales. We take this seriously. Communities are not a sales channel, they're not a marketing target group. They do tend to reject outside commercial interests quite strongly as most people in this room will probably attest to. And communication with and within communities often has its own rules. It's not that you can just like go from one to the other and everything is the same. Over time they develop certain patterns of communication, certain memes, certain in jokes, certain ways of how to interact with each other and it's important to take this into account and honor this kind of thing because it's really, really easy to get this kind of thing wrong. So, why do we care? And again, this is from the perspective of internal. A large, large, arguably the largest part of the success of Grafana Labs and oh, maybe I should explain this because if you don't know what Grafana and Grafana Labs is. Grafana is a visualization tool which visualizes data for basically all, all databases you can think of and people use this primarily for operations of IT, of cloud, of cloud native microservices, whatever. But also you can use this at industry. I literally know someone who runs a port and they have a way, a waiting thing in the conveyor belt and when they take on coal, they can see how heavy the coal is. From this they reduce how much moisture is in the coal and they can stop the conveyor belt when it's too moist because it would spoil the rest of the batch. So, that's all of the things that you can do with this and Grafana Labs is the company which provides this open source but also sells services based on this. So, and this again is something we teach the people internally and also which is coming directly from the founders. That Grafana Labs honestly tries to teach the community well and the communities, as you can see, are also repaying with engagement, are also repaying with like attending conferences or speaking positively about a thing. So, there is also some, quite some, some egoistic motives in this from the company perspective. But the good thing is we found a way to align those incentives so we don't do open core or anything. It's true actual open source. So, the thing is that as a company which actually is built on open source, we actually do believe that this is a strategic requirement for the continued growth of the company. And if done right, and this is also part of being honest for anyone who invests in community, like I'm director of community, Grafana Labs pays me to do this. Yes, there is something we get back and that is, that this is an integral part of the sales motion if done right. Another really nice survey, they did one again last year, but the results are basically the same. Stack Overflow asks how developers choose software. And if you look at the first three, starting for your free trial, asking other developers and visiting developer communities, those are things which are done really well within open source. Open source enables all of the three of those. Of course, you can just use it yourself. You can try it. You can talk to others who are using it. You can find people at conferences who are excited about this. So, leveraging this dynamic where software, yes, software is eating the world and as such, developers are eating the corporations or defining the corporations and more and more power is given to developers. You can actually shape as a company what people, way before they ever have a potential commercial conversation with you, use or do not use by you. And that is honestly making the open source absolutely stellar and supporting the open source user as if they were paying users. There's also a personal example in this. I've been in open source for 25 years by now, which is a long time. And there was something within Permitis. Again, Permitis is a monitoring tool. It's a database for metrics and it is used to monitor the data. So, the type of monitoring or observability data which Permitis emits is precisely in the format which Permitis ingests, ingests precisely cause Permitis access. So, they are super, super tightly coupled. Anyone who is using Permitis in any way or form is using some way of Permitis or Permitis compatible software. And in late 2015, early 2016, it was me as a member of the Permitis team not working at Grafana or anything recommending within Permitis, hey, can we deprecate our own visualization solution? Of course, Grafana is so much better. Is this something we would be willing to do? And yes, we were willing to do. And this has had an outsized impact on the trajectory and on the growth of Grafana Labs, the company. That was years and years before I ever, me personally, ever even thought about joining Grafana Labs or I didn't think I would ever do this. And still from a purely community perspective, I just trusted the people who did this. So what makes a healthy community? Well, again, every community forms a rather common cause, for example, ethics and such in open source where we believe in carrying stuff forward. And they tend to coexist and work together. And they, the causes tend to remain long term. So if you have someone who is KDE and you have someone who is genome or VI and EMEX or whatever or Gen 2 and Debian, yes, they might, they might interact and they might even, you might have people who are a part of more than one community. But those communities tend to really carry whatever their causes forward long term. They tend to not merge like even with VI and NeoVim. You see that there's different groups who the one, you really use VI or VIM and the others really use NeoVim and there's not huge overlap. Like some people migrate but the actual communities, the mailing list and everything are relatively, relatively static. And you have to just accept this into both as a company or as a community manager or as someone who works with the communities, honor this kind of thing and not just enter something and just try and shove everyone to a different direction. So on, on respect and on trust, humans are hurt animals. We are optimized for social interaction. Being an introvert myself, some of us are optimized for social interaction to varying degrees but as a species, one of the reasons why we have survived and thrived is of course we have social interaction and as such we can do more than the individual can do. And this means that a lot of those, a lot of the things which you do while interacting with other humans or with any other system made of humans, a lot of this is built into deep into your psych, coming from your DNA, coming from thousands and thousands and thousands of years of, of basically people dying or not dying cause they starved cause they didn't work or work together with a group. So a lot of this is automatic in the background. So if you don't feel respected in a certain group, you will not want to interact and if you can't trust that you are safe within your environment, you will either just leave or you have significant overhead in your interactions with this community cause you just don't feel safe. Which means you might retract from the community or just like not be as open cause you are always thinking about protecting yourself and not about actually engaging within the community. On the flip side, if you are accepted as you are and if, if everything is, is, is positive then yes social interactions will actually feel positive and energize you. If you're not, they will feel draining. So yes, we, we need to safeguard communities. That's why we have code of conducts. That's why we have diversity drives. That's why post Asia and foster and others are, are working so much on, on those kind of things. And there's a few caveats. We really as a species hardwired for fight of light and it is fully automatic in the background. You can influence this to some extent, but you cannot fully do it away. So automatically when you're exposed to negatives, all of the starts running in your, in your head. So if you don't feel secure, you will act more insecurely. You will act more defensively. You will also act more aggressively and others also fall into this pattern.  Of course, of course a few people were, were initially maybe not very nice, which is with my, for example, my Fostum head on or many, many moons ago with my Free Note head on or so. We were extremely quick and vigilant about, about stopping things early. Of course, once they devolve to a certain point, it's almost impossible to, to get things back. Okay, I'm going to, yeah. And also iron law of institutions. Anything, anyone who's, who's in a position of power within any organization is much more likely to, to defend their position and see this organization wither and die than to just give up whatever position of power they have and, and be like, okay, it's someone else's time. By extension, communities tend to, to fade away over time. I mentioned a few Linux distributions, some of them maybe, but they are very, very unlikely to actually change. So it's much more of the case that communities simply go away and fade than that they really change trajectory or change what they're about. And speaking from a company level, this is really important to, to take into account because if you have, I don't know, a big migration or something, doing this in a consistent and, and respectful manner, which actually pulls people with you is exceedingly important to your, to your success. So yeah, safeguarding. As we are social animals, we are really good at detecting situations which just don't feel right and all of us will have had those situations where we just don't feel safe, just don't feel it's weird. Children are really good at externalizing this. Then we are taught to, to not externalize as much because it leads to less fighting, but it also leads to people being less honest. But the thing is community, communities really depend on open and honest and transparent communication. Like for example, literally putting internal slides out into the open as something of, hey, this is how we think about it. And you can really only safeguard communities from within. Like it's, it's literally impossible to, to just swoop from the outside and be like, okay, I'm going to fix whatever. No, you won't. Unless you have respected members within the community, you have good standing and some position of, of power or influence or whatever, you can't put them in a code of conduct enforcement or, or safeguarding situation. Of course, they will just be rejected. Like if it's really bad, yes, get police and everything, but then we're not in community, then we are in society. Or get your bosses boss, then we are in, in cooperation. But within community, you can only do it from within. For anyone who interacts within communities, and this will be hopefully 100% of the attendees here, I highly recommend creating culture canneries for yourself. There, you find certain things about a culture or about social interactions which you like, which you do not like.  Is this still the same community? Did certain things go in a direction I don't want to? Can I change it? Should I pull back? Can I ignore it? Of course, my, my own outlook on things changed, but having this and doing this on a somewhat regular basis is really, really, really powerful. And the best examples are usually the ones where things go wrong. Like someone does something bad, says something bad, whatever, how is enforcement being handled? Is this a super painful process for everyone or is it as okay as it can be made? And in the end there's a public and transparent summary and, and everyone moves on and is able to move on, except for people who might be kicked out or whatever. Things like these tell you much more about how people, how communities actually behave and interact than just randomized words on a, on a mission statement. The summaries basically to avoid changing your own definition of what you accept within community interaction, write it down, keep, keep yourself honest about it and never, ever talk about it.  Of course, people can start optimizing for them if they want to push me in a certain direction or whatever. So, yes, you can make suggestions to others if they don't come up with their own, but don't just tell them your own. Because, as Guthard said, when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure. So, formalizing all of this. Most communities have at least informal roles. It's a person who, who always shows up and does a certain thing over years and years. We have to sit for them. I'm certain we have to sit for Asia where people don't even like have real formalized roles. They just show up and they do the thing and then they go away and they just keep doing it. There's also obviously formalized roles. In particular, as you grow, as you, for example, need a legal entity, once you need to start handling money and such, you need to have some structure and you need to have people within the structure who have formalized roles, because that's how you interact outside of the communities. But they always have informal ones. Visible and transparent structures. So, how can I actually interact with this, like if I have a complaint or if I want to help with, I don't know, shepherding speakers or whatever. How can I interact with this? How can I get started? Which, by extension, means writing good documentation about your, about the communities you care about, about the communities you run, to enable people to actually come and start helping out if they so choose. Some structures are a signal as much as a tool. Prime example is code of conduct, because the best code of conduct is well written and everything. Yes, but the best code of conduct would be, in theory, the one which would never ever need to be enforced, because everyone already acts in a positive way. And that's not a function of the code of conduct being written well. That would be a function of that community being perfect, to some extent. So, this is both. It is a signal that yes, by having a code of conduct, you signal that yes, you do take things seriously and that you actually formalize and write down and expose and externalize how you think about things, how you will treat things if certain things happen, what you find acceptable, what you don't find acceptable, what you list, what you don't list in those lists, but also as the tool for actual enforcement. And obviously then as the, as the run through and as the person who, who always gets pulled in when we have anything code of conduct within Grafana Labs, which is thankfully very, very, very little. The point about enforcement is quick early transparent. If you just pull it in, oh we're going to form a committee and we're going to talk about 10 years for like that thing and maybe you'll get a reply, maybe you want to get that, that doesn't build trust. It's not, it's not a soap opera, so you don't have to do all the details in, in public. You absolutely shouldn't, but at least at the end you should post a summary or a once yearly report or whatever where you just say, okay this is, this is what we, what we did in the end. So there's also limits. Committees exist within the context, within the society. If here, I don't know, the fire protection brigade comes and tells us we are not allowed to have this course, random example, I don't know. We can't just continue having this talk. We have to actually follow whatever the rules of the society are we, we are within. You, you're fishing community can't overthrow the government, I hope. And also if, if someone who's external to the community or in the community decides to just unilaterally change a thing which, which the leadership of the community or of the project decided differently, it won't work. So there are still limits to this. So yes, they have limits in the impact and it's really important to be aware of them, applying all of this. So most, and again, this is the internal slides on purpose, no changes. So the hour here is Grafana Labs. At least for how Grafana Labs chose to interact with, with open source is that the products are actually based on open source projects. And the vast majority of what you have in open source is what makes up the product. It's maybe 98% of the code base that we have a very thin veneer of, of differentiation on top of the projects on purpose. Of course we want to have healthy long-term projects and healthy long-term communities. And the thing is the, the communities themselves usually don't really care about, about the products. They mainly care about the projects and that's fine and that's something where as a company you have to be really, really careful to, to not overstep the boundaries. Again, open core is a good example where you basically put all the really important bits and the really useful bits behind the pay gate and people stop using your product as much and your project as much. We've seen this with several competitors to Prometheus, to Mimir and others which, which tried this and, and failed and that's part of why Grafana grew so much. It's important to have an open governance. Speaking with my Grafana Labs head on, we have a lot of projects which are under the umbrella, under the legal umbrella of Grafana Labs. But the governance is not completely tied to Grafana Labs. So you can join the project, you can have votes about stuff without Grafana Labs deciding every, every single thing. In my specific case, all of the governance is within the Grafana Labs projects are, are based on the Prometheus governance. Of course I'm part of Prometheus and I liked it. All the communication happens on GitHub on mailing lists like obviously you have some work stuff in such internally on Slack or whatever, but the vast majority is on issues in, in tickets and things like these. It's important to have the membership truly open to everyone, even competitors. We have people working like with formalized roles as full maintainers with full voting rights on Grafana Labs projects who are not employed by Grafana Labs and never plan to be. And no matter if you sponsor as a company, someone else being a, a, a member of some project or if it's people who, who join your projects, membership is always personal. It's not the case that, oh, they pay X amount of money or we have this and that partnership and now we make this and that person this and that role. No, it's a person who does the work. They might be sponsored by their company or they might not, whatever, but the point is them as a person are the one who actually are part of the project and also are, if they move companies, they still retain the membership, they're not kicked out. There are other projects who do it differently and I strongly, strongly disagree and I strongly implore you to never ever do this because it kills the community over, over a relatively short amount of time. So what does it mean to be project first? Every project which you nurture should have a community lead. That doesn't need to be a full-time role. Ideally it's not a full-time role. Ideally it's someone who's driving the tech or the people or whatever within the project for what anyway. And it's important to identify the people who like doing this work as opposed to just assigning someone and then they don't, they don't find a lot of fun and, and, and positive sentiment in this and that they basically don't do it. There are a few mechanisms which you like to apply, for example community calls. For us this means a monthly call, always the same day of the week, always the same time. Yes, time zones and, and yes, UTC. Sorry. Still jetlagged. Summer winter time. Things like these but still like keep the same time slot. Make sure everyone can join. Don't gate on like subscription or you need to register anything. Just let people join. Make certain that everyone can actually bring topics. So it's not just you talking to people, it's an actual change of idea and actually talking with each other. Make certain that everyone can, can edit those notes. It's not the case of you writing and defining what the reality of that meeting was. No, everyone should be able to, to put stuff on the agenda or to help write your notes and make the, make the recordings public. Other things which we like to apply is we have a meetup series called Grafana and Friends which is in various cities around the world. It's always in cities where we have one, two, three dedicated people who actually are con committed to running this thing long-term and then we help them with like finding venues or getting, getting pizza money or getting speakers maybe paying for a speaker to travel to, to a place to, to speak at the meetup. Things like these keep local communities healthy and that's why we as Grafana Labs do this to keep our communities healthy. Healthy. Public speaking. Yes, like Grafana Labs is paying for me to stay, to, to be here and not to talk about this and that product which you must buy. I'm literally just, I'm literally giving you the internal presentation from the onboarding. Grafana Labs does this because we do believe in open and transparent communication and just by externalizing what we do that we find other like-minded people who either like this thing and want to use this stuff or maybe want to work for us or maybe want to support it and buy from us. Like all of those are fine and all of those are intended obviously but we are not, we are not forcing anyone. We are actually like paying for people to speak about completely irrelevant stuff at conferences big and small. Blog posts at Grafana Labs are written mainly by engineers. Not mainly anymore but at least for the tech topics they are written by the engineers. We have a lot of non-tech topics these days or non-grafana tech topics which is sometimes hard because upper management is like okay there's an engineer, that engineer is really expensive. Why should they be spending half a day or so to write the blog post? I can have them implement the feature in this time. So this is an actual investment into making certain that yes the people who build the thing are also having a public voice and speak to the wider community and show that yes there are humans where they had issues how they went through. And obviously a ton of webinars where you just explain your stuff and do this again and again and again and again because one of the truisms of the fundamentals of tech like for example this talk is the actual content doesn't change, the audience changes. Like your math teacher at school they will probably start their career and end their career teaching the same math and that's fine. It's not that the content really changes it's that the audience changes. So yes webinars and just repeating what you've been saying forever is also good. As I said engineers are expensive, travel is expensive and if you only send marketing people or if you only send field engineers at some point you will lose authenticity within the wider communities. You have to actually send the people who do those things. So one of the reasons why Grafana projects are so successful and one of the reasons why Grafana as a company is so successful is because we actively invest engineering time into public speaking writing blog posts interacting with the community and basically just doing good stuff and people take notice and they appreciate it. Yep, final words of warning again this is internal and every sales and marketing person being onboarded sees those things. Keep marketing and sales mechanisms away from community mechanisms. You will mess up interacting with your community you will also mess up in other ways and forms in life in your work in wherever because that's part of being human. When you mess up be honest about it be transparent about it learn from it documented whatever it was and move on and everyone else does the same and again this builds towards this psychological safety.  Thank you. I think we have time for some questions. I was just curious where can we see which cities have Grafana and Friends meetups? Meetup.com Just go to meetup.com and search for Grafana and Friends. With the code of conduct some conferences do transparency reports they anonymize it everyone knows can lead to like deformation cases. What's your thought on transparency reports for code of conduct? I think they're good. I also disagree that everyone knows what they're about like depending on the size of the community if you have a group of 50 people yes everyone will know everything and of course but like for example just yesterday or today Linux Foundation put out a report a transparency report on code of conduct enforcement and I knew about one single of the cases out of maybe half a dozen or so or maybe a dozen. I strongly believe we need to have them because the thing is again any investigation into a code of conduct issue is not a public soap opera. Part of protecting the victim or potential victim or at that time alleged victim and everyone else is to not make everything public and to actually take everything private have actual deep conversations talk to the people have interviews blah blah blah so by definition you pull everything very very private. The one way to validate this kind of thing is only by being transparent after to the extent that you can that you actually prove that you did something so you can talk about okay as a result of this complaint one person was told to not interact with this community anymore or they will not be invited to the events anymore or they knew to have a cool down period of X amount of time. Linux Foundation also had someone apparently go to counseling and provide proof that they did go to counseling like whatever but you have a paper trail of yes we did engage with this and yes this is the rough thing which happened and this is the rough outcome so people who are thinking of should I be considering to join this community actually see proof positive that this is what you're doing. Anyone else? Anyone else? More questions? If that's a question I feel honored. Richard, I'm just curious your title is Director of Community. What do you do exactly? Do you write any code? I don't write any code. So what do you do? Your daily? It's a very good question. The answer changes more or less daily and I'm not joking. So at a very basic level I care about the continued strategic success of the projects we care about which is primarily all the projects which we have ourselves plus in particular premises and open telemetry because they're highly relevant to us as a company which means for example organizing the deaf summits for for prometheus until last year running prom con is the first year I'm not running it, yes things like these writing the governance making certain that a code of conduct is applied everywhere all of this but way way more like giving public talks helping internal people give public talks polish their CFP submittals a lot of license work it's endless All right, one more question anyone? I have one I mean a bit going on with the maybe with the people like the structures of communities like the the governance and how they work do you see like different communities have different governance methods do you see certain methods being more effective than others and would you advocate for some of them? That's a very very very deep question so I know of I know of at least one legal umbrella which had to actually break their own bylaws because there were in such a stalemate because people didn't vote anymore like they had too many members who became inactive and with a little bit of wing-wink not not notch notch and a lot of closed eyes they basically did one move to to get back into an operating state again as a member of that thing I fully agree of like yes this was the right move so one of the one of the things is be careful that you stay operational with your with your community with your governance which means you need to prune people who become inactive every x amount of time either by asking them nicely or by kicking them out or maybe they realize it themselves but most people don't leave they just stick around and stay so that's one of the things the other thing is try and prevent hostile takeover because there are so many examples where a company is paying directly or indirectly and then just have enough people in positions of power and then they flip the switch and they own the thing that's also not great as a general rule I would say if you are still small full democracy is good don't require a vote for everything put in consensus mechanisms where like for example similar to ITF you have a rough consensus and once rough consensus is achieved you just move on you don't have to wait for every last person to voice their opinion you just move on and everyone can progress and keep pushing the project forward for important things like changing governance adding people have votes have formalized votes with a very rigid structure and time boundaries of you can only run it for X amount of time for example two weeks have different limits of acceptance rate like it's a different thing to add a person to a project than to kick one out or to change the governance like have different levels for this and once you are above a certain above a certain size it usually is most efficient just of how humans and communication works because n squared growth rate blah blah blah to have a inner core of sort of trusted people like governance committee or or steering committee or something usually it should be an uneven number three five seven is good