Okay, hello everyone. I'm Devin. I've been a peer-to-peer insecurity researcher for the past five to six years. And I've also done a lot of DevOps and sysadmin work as my day job. So, this talk is about IoT. This nice amazing name that everybody agrees on and likes, the Internet of Things, which describes a series of devices that are networked. Oftentimes they're sensors, but really it's turning into the Internet of Things kind of encompasses anything that somebody can plug in to the network. So, what I see IoT actually as today are these devices that people are putting in their houses. So, my father, for instance, has replaced almost all the light bulbs in his house with light bulbs that are LEDs. And they have ESP microcontrollers on them that connect to his WLAN. And they expose an API which he can talk to to control his lights, change the colors, this type of thing. Though, even though they're connected to the local network, it's typically the way that you access and control these devices is through a crowd-based access, so a third-party authentication system. And this also allows for nice features like being able to control and access your devices from outside the house, which I can't think of too many use cases for controlling your light bulbs when you're not at the house. But things like cameras or maybe remotely unlocking your front door to let somebody in the house. That could be a useful thing. And what IoT, I think, has become, even with all of these interesting features, is kind of an inefficient system, which obviously is designed in a way that makes data surveillance very palpable and useful for the third parties which are controlling these systems, basically being gateways for these devices which are in our house. So this is, I say it as a data sovereignty problem, but it also has further social implications, which I'm going to get into a bit. First of all, it's a user experience problem in the sense that if you want to access a device that's right next to you and you have to go through a third-party app on your phone, which goes to servers probably in California or who knows where, if there's anything in the route towards these servers or a problem with the servers themselves, then you're not going to be able to turn on and off your lights or unlock your front door or something like this, which is kind of a terrible usability experience compared to non-IoT devices. We also have kind of the more obvious one, lock-in. You end up in these scenarios where you have multiple devices that span multiple generations and they're incompatible with each other and the applications in which to access them are completely incompatible due to vendor lock-in and as well as completely different protocols that they're running. Yeah, there have been some interesting cases where you spend several hundred or several thousands of dollars putting automation in your home and then the company goes under or they completely change their system for whatever reason and you have to either buy new stuff or, best case scenario, at least upgrade all of your software before you can use it again. So that's another terrible user experience, especially for the non-technically-minded. And yeah, so the social implications are the, I think all the stuff that I was just mentioning is kind of obvious. You know, data surveillance, surveillance capitalism driving this, these aren't good things. I think most people here probably agree with that. They're also pretty obvious and that's probably why a lot of people here opt not to have a Google Assistant device in their house, that type of thing. But I think almost, to me, a more serious problem are these subtle ethical implications on the social dynamics, which is that most people aren't even aware that they're not talking directly to these devices in their house or to the extent in which they're controlled from third parties. And I think that creates an environment where you have an unwanted guest in your house and you don't even know they're there. And then another aspect to that is people, because of the way that we design these systems to be cloud-based, it doesn't allow for a very humanistic and social collaboration between people. Like if my father, for instance, with all the lights in his house when I go to visit him, I can obviously use the switch to turn off and on the lights, but if I want to dim or change the color of anything, I can't do it. There's no way to add authentication to another person. It's not thinking about the social aspects. So it's not, I think anytime we're designing systems that people are using heavily, especially for people who are not technical users first, we need to think about how we're affecting them socially and then how their social dynamics are going to affect the system designed back. So I'm working on this project to alleviate some of these concerns and I think we can use peer-to-peer systems to do that. I think it's the best way of moving forward instead of... I really appreciate these projects like OpenHAB and some other ones where you're running a server inside of your house that controls all of these devices and I think these are a great interim solution. But I think moving towards peer-to-peer, key-based, authenticated systems is the way to go forward. So Martin did a good job if anybody was in here for the previous talk about GNUNET explaining that. I'm not going to go into it in nearly as much detail as he did. I decided to use this system because I highlighted general purpose because the privacy preserving and peer-to-peer networking, that's kind of implicit. There's a lot of systems that do this but what I like about GNUNET is that it's very general purpose and it's modular and you can pick and choose pieces. There's something that Martin didn't have. He had kind of an OSI model on the left and then where GNUNET matches in but this was created by Carl Leven-Links from the SecuShare and Ubrook the Internet project and this is a little bit of a different modeling. It's coming from more of a perspective of not exact one-to-one how we replace the OSI model but looking at more of a paradigm shift on how we can think about designing applications in a different way. You'll see that GNUNET, CADET and R5-IN are both options to replace BGP and you have some things that go up the stack. They're low level on the GNUNET side but they actually end up matching up the stack on the traditional model. What's useful particularly for our project is that GNUNET provides a low level framework for authentication it has cryptographic primitives built into the routing and core networking layers so if you're building an application on top you can kind of take that stuff for granted so it becomes easier. You don't have to think about doing key exchanges yourself. You kind of can, built into your routing if you can route to another device then you can be sure that that device is the one that you're trying to access based off of the public key. Some of the aspects about GNUNET that I think are important for this project are its portability because obviously with IoT we're going to be targeting embedded devices or even microcontrollers. For this project we're using OpenWRT and the work of Daniel Gollay, an OpenWRT maintainer he ported GNUNET to OpenWRT and you can run it even on commodity routers. It's a C code base, it's very portable, it's modular so you don't have to run everything. You don't have to run the more CPU intensive peer-to-peer protocols and nobody's ported it to a microcontroller yet but it seems like it could be possible for something like the ESP32. Also with the researchers on GNUNET they focused on scalability and just as an aside I think abstraction level is an important thing to look at when you're talking about peer-to-peer systems. Some of the most popular peer-to-peer systems right now are web based, like Secure Scuttlebyte, DAT, IPFS, these things that probably a lot of people have heard of. I think these are great projects, I have friends in all three of those projects and more but they kind of start on a much higher abstraction level in my opinion, partially in the language choice on a lot of these but then also in what they're targeting and I think for IoT we have to keep the abstraction level low. So then Income Secure Share which Martin also mentioned in the previous talk. That's been a research group for some years in scalable social interaction models. SecureShare.org you can look into that more. There's been a little bit of implementation but it's mostly been a lot of research and documentation. It actually started out as a meta-project and then eventually about five years ago it kind of decided to focus on building this on top of or modeling on top of GNUNET. So it's kind of a general social interaction model based around the concepts of a social graph, a distributed PubSub system and multicast distribution. And there's not really any implementation of this. Like I said, it's mostly a research project at this point at least. And yeah, core point is no central authority in that design. So with SecureShare box, that's the name of the IoT project. As a sub-project of SecureShare taking some of these research models and trying to apply it to IoT, we kind of ended up with two components. One is the IoT device side which runs GNUNET and a daemon which listens to messaging through a PubSub system. So it can create PubSub channels which you can subscribe to and then it sends messages which could be sensor data or control messages, this type of thing, and vice versa. And then the second component is a command line, right now it's a command line interface for the people interacting with it, but it's, sorry, interacting with these IoT devices. And the properties that are important that we found are making it offline first, so which sounds kind of strange for IoT, but the idea that you can interact with your database of known devices and your latest information about these devices, even if you're offline, you could even send control messages like, I want to turn on this light at 6 p.m., but I'm offline right now. And then when you get online, it syncs via a PubSub distribution system. And so the CLI, it's called Boxon, kind of looks like this. It's a work in progress right now and some of the stuff's being refactored, so not all of these commands work as of right now if you were to clone the get. But the concept here is that everything you're seeing is effectively local and kept into a database modeled with social graphing. So you're thinking about your relationships to the devices and the services on the devices.  These could be devices of other people. And then you list your services on a specific device which is called Toaster. And then you see here web server and then in the parentheses it's web.toaster. So I'm going to get into this a little bit further on the next slides, but the concept is to have pet names that are hyper-local to you, which then are aliases for GNS names. So the GNU name system, which is a part of GNUNET, which is a key-based distributed naming system. So we can have human-readable names without DNS that are directly correlated with the public keys of devices. So you have kind of like a X509 authentication built into that system as well. And then a big component of it is at the bottom is this idea of giving access control to other people because that's one thing that I really saw missing, not from all IoT implementations, but I think it really should be a core aspect. And this CLI ends up just being kind of a wrapper to the existing GNUNET modules in the sense that your friend Alice is represented by a cryptographic key, which we call an ego in GNUNET, rather. And you're saying I'm going to allow access via this public key to this device, which is also represented by a public key. And what happens there is you push out a message containing Alice's public key to the Kitchen Lightbulb device. And since you're already authenticated with it, it accepts that as saying, okay, this is a public key, I'm going to now allow access to this service control panel. And then when Alice tries to connect, it kind of works automatically. So here's a little bit of a graph to go a bit further into it. It looks pretty complicated because it kind of is, but if you start down here in the left corner with user ID 2, they're friends with user ID 0. And all these are, all entities on here, the lighter gray color are represented by keys. The darker grayish beige color is the relationship between the entities. So user 2 is friends with user 0 and vice versa, user 0 is friends with user 2. They, if you look over in the kind of the middle top left, you have a device called toaster represented by a public key ego. And the relationship between user 0 and the device is that they have access to the administration and they are the owner. And because of this, they can provide authorization to other entities. And there are some entities that know about devices, but they don't have authorization, this type of thing. So it ends up kind of being like a distributed key value store. GNS uses a distributed hash table. And so we're really just bootstrapping on top of all that stuff. And what's interesting is what I found after designing some of this and implementing it, is that really none of this is super particular to IoT. It's definitely useful for that and you have to think about some of the resource implications. But this is also a really good sysadmin tool. And that's what I've been using it for a lot. So I have like a list of my servers that I connect to for like web servers, different things. And I've added them as devices and they have different services. And then I can connect to them and send operations to them. And then you don't even need things like SSH necessarily. Yeah, so some core components are that it keeps the state local with meaning of your information about devices, services, who owns what, who your friends are, what authorization they have. That all remains local and it pushes it out opportunistically to the devices that need to know. So it's a need to know basis system. And some future advancements on that would be syncing between your devices. So let's say you have a laptop and a phone. Right now there's no concept of syncing the state between them, but that would be something I'd like to implement. And as a key base system, I think I've already covered that. That's about it. You can look more into it on the website that QR code goes to the top URL. And yeah, so there we have it. Do you allow for multiple ownership of devices? Some things are inherently shared. Yes. One to one. Because there's a risk with things like this that you end up doing the things you said at the beginning. You end up coding new social norms into this world. So are you thinking about those at all? Yes. Yes, there are scenarios where there is dual ownership. And I think that that's a reasonable thing to model socially. And yeah, so I am thinking about implications like this. And one, for example, maybe this kind of answers it. Like one thing that I'm specifically avoiding is a trustless system. Because I know that some projects, peer-to-peer projects, are trying to create systems that are completely trustless. And I don't think that that models very well. And I don't think that's how humans interact. So you can have a, with this scenario, you could have a device that's owned by two people and one person kicks the other person off, even if it's in their own home. Of course, you could then unplug the device or something like this. But I think that becomes a social matter and we don't need to solve that in the technology. Hi. Where? Up. Thanks for the presentation. When using GNU NETs on IoT devices like sensors and such, which are quite low-powered, have you looked into the implications for performance and whether those little devices can run GNU NET? Yes. So like I said, I would love to see GNU NET ported to, at least see if we could port it to a microcontroller. OpenWRT is where we've done the most testing. There are some components that you can run with GNU NET, like network size estimation, which is useful for having very random routes to avoid censorship and stuff like this. But they're very resource-intensive. So we disable those things in the images that we have produced, like the OpenWRT images that we have produced. And what we've seen is that just running GNU NET for link layer encryption and the GNS system with DHT, that's reasonable for systems the size of commodity routers, it seems. We haven't done extensive testing. And then definitely things like Raspberry Pi, is there anything in that area? It seems like it's totally fine. It's not super resource-intensive. Yeah. Hi, thanks for your talk. I can't hear you. Hello. Ah, okay. Hey, thanks for your talk. Just to clarify, the public subscribe that you talked about, that is part of Secure Share. Sorry, it's still too hard. Can you just speak up a little? Okay. The public subscribe that you mentioned, that is part of Secure Share, not a GNU NET subsystem part. Are you asking if it's a part of GNU NET already? Okay. Yeah, the public subscribe system is not a part of GNU NET and it's not even fully implemented in our system yet. So, yeah, I don't know if I was totally clear about that. Everything that I talked about is not fully implemented yet. Basically just the base stuff. And we don't have a public subscribe messaging mechanism. I'm working with a group called P2P CoLab. You can see them at P2P CoLab.net. I forgot to put the URL up here. TG is actually giving a talk about that I think next. And he's implemented, and some other researchers have implemented a distributed privacy preserving PubSub implementation called Poldercast, which I'm hoping to plug into this, yeah. Any further questions? Then thank you for your talk. Thank you. Thanks, everyone.


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Hello and welcome to the session. Let us understand the following question which says, find the points at which the function f given by fx is equal to x minus 2 equal to the part 4 multiplied by x plus 1 to the part 3 has first local maxima, second local minima, third point of inflection. Now let's proceed on to the solution. Given to us is fx is equal to x minus 2 to the power 4 multiplied by x plus 1 to the part 3. Now f dash x is equal to 3 multiplied by x plus 1 the whole square multiplied by x minus 2 equal to the power 4 plus 4 x minus 2 to the part 3 multiplied by x plus 1 to the power 3 by product root. Now for our minima x is equal to 0 multiplied by x minus 2 to the power 4 x plus 1 to the power square multiplied by x minus 2 to the power cube x plus 1 to the power 2 0. Now taking x minus 2 to the power cube and x plus 1 square common, so we are left with 3 multiplied by x minus 2 plus 4 multiplied by x plus 1 is equal to 0. This question, bye and have a nice day.


Why? Why are you laughing?  Welcome behind the tattoo with superstar amazing artist of father figure, celebrity, a billionaire, and entrepreneur, Oga Obina. That billionaire part, amen. Glory beat from your mouth to God's ears. Amen. That's billions. That's where we're going. So welcome to the new show behind the tattoo with silver kiddo. So tell me Obina, do you recall your first memory, the first day you went to get a tattoo? Ya ya, I remember because where Lina my mom was there. So the friend of mine is called Proff. He's the one who did for me my first ever tattoo. Wacha wacha ni toehiki dogo. Wacha wacha wacha ni toehiki dogo. Ladies, ladies, it's your time. Mekwamki slide gonyadiye muna sema. Titu mi ya kifuwa kikido go. Lewa taona. Lewa taona for free. So this one here, so was my first ever tattoo. So a friend of mine called Proff. He did it for me but he did it manually. Nilo na chikuwa shindano, na bayi shindano. Anafunga na wuzi kwa mdomo. Alafa na chikuwa inkso, na dipkuwa ink, alafa na kudunga dunga iwi. My mom was there wearing some salon in Maseno. I remember that day very nice. It was called Unity Salon. It was owned by a lady called Brenda. So my mom is there na shikuwa. Then mi ni kwa po nafanyu wa tatu. Mama na mi ya, mbonu nafanyu witu kwa mdomo. Mbonu nafanyu witu kwa mdomo. Na mi ya nisa mama wuzi into style. Proff ali kwa na ma tattoo everywhere. So ali kwa na ni nini. Nini ni kwa. So we did this one. But that time it was hard. I don't remember the age. I'm not very good with numbers and dates. But I remember the moment. So he did it. And then later, I went and added this other one. So the first one was MGZ. This was my dance hall. I was doing dance hall music. MGZ. My name is Magana. It's just Magana. So Zeg gives a slang for dance hall. Magana is my name. So MGZ. Later I did Obina. But now you can see there's a story. So it's like a second one. So I did this one. Then it came with Obina the crown. Then the tears and the blood. So it's a story basically. So before MGZ there were tears and blood. Then I came MGZ. Then there's a transition. Then I became Obina. Now when I'm Obina I'm going to the throne. That's why I have now the crown. So it's a story. So just to understand the story maybe now from MGZ Obina, the tears. Inspiration behind it. I just put the MGZ one because prof had tattoos. There was no inspiration behind it. But now Obina and the tears was now my story. I was like now this is my story. I've been through a lot. I evolved. I've moved in time but now this is this nation. We've not arrived yet but that is a plan. So it's more of a reminder that we need to get to the top. We need to get to the top. Tell us about your tears and joys because we understand it's a journey because you're almost there to the crown. Yeah. Slipping hungry, being kicked out, being disowned, being in the street doing a lot of odd jobs. Mjengo, kulemiwatu, kusa nyasi, kufanyakoteli, kusa maji. Basically I've been through all that. Being rejected many times. Being denied a couple of things. Being fired. I've been through the whole Shabang man. Absentum of course. Just to understand maybe. The tears and joys, Obina, the crown. I can see it's a different tattoo. I don't know how much it cost. I don't remember. This one I had here in Nairobi. Mjizio was profited for free. I just bought the Uzi and the Shinano. I remember because he had the ink. He had the psyche and wanted to do it for me. But these ones I don't remember. It's a long time ago. There was someone who used to have a shop up on in my nation center. But he came and got born again. Yeah, Moya Avenue. There's that building exactly by nation center. Some guy used to have locks. Then he got born again, he shaved. I think he still does tattoos. But nowadays he doesn't do the gothic tattoos and stuff. That was the guy. What is the reaction of your mom? She was there. She was there when I was doing this. She was in pain. No, my dad never knew. But my mom was like... Mom, you don't know man. You're not cool enough to understand me. That time was it pressure? Was it like that age you wanted to experience? Yes. Prof had tattoos, bro. I wanted to have tattoos. I wanted to have tattoos. I want to be gangsta. For the street bad boy for life. For the ladies? No, it wasn't really for the ladies. It was just for me. I was too young to even know. Like me I came from a very... For my family was very Christian and we were very... Like even when I was putting this my mom was like if your dad sees that brother you're dead. And I was like he's never gonna see. So anytime dad would come I would have long shots. Then when dad would come in the weekends you shall go into church and we would have the long shots and we would be in life. Your dad managed to maybe see the tattoos? No, I don't think so. Maybe he's so later when I put this other one but now he couldn't do nothing because I was a different person. I was not answerable to him no more. Okay, let's get to the other one. How many tattoos you have? Now I have three. If you look at different places, three parts of the body. In total you have three tattoos? Yes. So the second one is this one. So this one I put the names of my kids. So I put Leeron then I put Brianna then I put La Leite. So when Lola was born we had to add Lola. You can see I had the scroll and then somehow when Lola was born we had to extend the scroll. So when you extended the scroll now you also put the feather. Yeah, so that's it basically. So it's a scroll. So you can see the scroll is torn, meaning it's not complete. Meaning there's another part that's not there. So that means if I have any more children the scroll will continue. Of course you'll have so many children. Maybe yes. If I have more money, why not? Depends. I love children. If I have more money I would have more kids. Yeah, I love kids. Kids are blessings. Kids are angels. They make the house very lively. Like me and my kids are around always feel at peace. Naskia oro kupigakile, I'm like they're good. But when they are not around I'm just like Naskia oro kupigakile Then I have to always call them. Are you okay? They'll tell me I'm fine. But you look at them and you're like I know this person is not fine. But it is what it is. Let's talk about your now your tattoos with kids name. This Lola. Lyron. Briana. Have they seen them together? Yes, of course they've seen. I live with my kids. My kids know nearly everything about me. I've been complaining that it's not very visible to them. So they want it to be very visible. I don't know what we're going to do about that. Because tattoos are painful. Ya. No, in fact, I don't have three tattoos. I have four tattoos. So when I was putting this one, I put the third one. I'll show you. Yes, I'll show you the third one. So the kids want them to be more visible. Yes, like the font. You've mentioned it's very, very painful. Where it's having tattoos? No, I'll be adding more. Tattoos are an addiction. When you have, you always want to have more. Okay, Obina, just to understand. And now your family tattoos. I don't know maybe if given chance maybe you'll be able to have them, their names. Maybe you can allow your kids when they grow up maybe to have their tattoos of their own. Ya, ya, why not? If you feel grown up enough and you want to pain, why not? If they can pierce their ears, they can pierce their nose, then they can do the tattoo. When the right time comes. Of course, not now.  Given chance maybe to have the faces of your kids. I would. I would, but it's painful. But I would. Brother, I have four kids. I have four kids. If you have one, you can have four. I have four, bro. I have four kids. I love to say many young guys, kwa ni mwili kwa kwa billboard. They are there, Obinas. They are there, Obinas. So you have tattoos of your kids on your body. It shows that you're very proud to have them in your family. It reminds you maybe of not really. I just felt like I just wanted to have their tattoos. It wasn't really to remind me or to anything. Not really. I was more of, I want a tattoo. Which other tattoo can I have? Because I've told you from a Christian family, I didn't want to have those gothic things. They say first bed, let me just put my kids. And also all the time when you normally look at this tattoo, it reminds me of why I need to work harder. Because I wouldn't want my kids to go through the life I went through when I'm still alive.  But maybe the much I've done now and also the empowerment that I've given them mentally, the ones that I've given them physically, spiritually, emotionally can be able to propel them to the next level to survive. But in the meantime I'm responsible for them. So anytime you look at this tattoo when you wake up in the morning at 4 like today when it was raining I'm like, I don't want to go to work. Look at the tattoo like we better. We better go to work. Because these people did not write me letters to bring them. I was having a good time and they came so I gotta take care of that. What was the next tattoo you came from? So this one. I know it looks like a dildo but it ain't bro.  Okay so this was a microphone. So the inspiration behind this was a basketball buff. So when I was a rapper a basketball buff had a microphone tattoo here. Normally has a microphone tattoo on his arm. So I was like I also want a microphone tattoo but because of the pain and everything then also because I was going corporate I don't want to have too many tattoos on my body and I look like Justin Bieber or Lil Wayne. So I was like let's do a microphone. So we did a microphone here.  This one. And trust me we've done it twice. But not because you wash your hands all the time, it fades. That is what happens. So it's been fading.  Balb but it's not balb. Balb got in the refrigerator. He said balb is up you call. Yeah but this is the tip and then this is the recall for the nini. Yeah so I wanted to have a microphone because most of the time when I am C I always hold the microphone. So when I was a rapper I used to hold the microphone like this. So when I hold the microphone like this as a rapper you get to see the mic.  You mentioned about holding a a good technique you how someone's supposed to hold the mic because I've seen different artists hold mic different. But it depends on what you're doing. As a comedian or as an MC you hold it like this so you give it the time to breathe. As a rapper sometimes some people will hold here like let me move this down to dogo. Some people will hold here because so that people can hear what you're saying but somebody is cover the whole thing because as a rapper when you hold it it looks bad you know you're bad man you're swag you know but so kisha cover her part na kuski aji.  Tell me who hold it like this you can hold it differently some people hold it like this but the safest bet as an MC and a comedian you hold it like this so people can hear what you're saying they can also see your face because the minute you're doing this they can't see off of your face so if you're doing facial expressions nobody can see so hold it here keep it here you can talk explain yourself it's easier. You having the mic tattoo on your hand it reminds you of you starting to rap you mean how many years maybe I've been rapping since high school bro like my whole life school I was a rapper that's what I was called MG so my name evolves I was MG from Magana then I went to Makanika MG because in Likwa mimi mekani kwa mi stari so rapping and everything then now from that one now came to Magana so capital M small C then Ghana the one for Ghana but it sounded more international appeal Magana man, Magana, Magana then at some point I was like MGZ so I flipped to MGZ then I started doing dancehall then Kido got up you know back then we were proud to be underground we didn't know that everybody was underground he was driving to be mainstream so he was like matamini underground rapper man Magana man agranda pwa na jihana kwa wenewe magihana oh bina ok MGZ MGana kwa amnoma Makanika na kwa amnoma but that's the much more we get so we meet in places we rap for each other we battle nini nini we win the battles akina British cancel wapi we used to go to those places that's where I met akina Abbas and so all that but that was the life then now when you wanna get mainstream so I decided to switch to dancehall because I'm like I'm going mainstream and then dancehall introduced me to comedy and club shows and everything and here I am of course you are here doing well just to understand what is the most expensive tattoos you have I don't really remember the prizes because now I have another one it's here on my chest this is what one now yes so one two three four ladies ladies it's a time ladies I'll show you a close up yeah live life be kind and be free love good look good feel good and test ever test even better oh god it up live free be kind look good feel good test even better oh god that's normally my slogan I wanna look good that's why I got the gym I wanna feel good that's why I don't want enmity and I don't wanna do people bad I wanna feel good about if I'm eating food I don't wanna say like hey hey na kule food lakini kumise amelia maali no no no no I'm eating this food because I've worked hard for it so I wanna live good then I wanna look good and then while I do that because what I put in my body as a temple of the lord when it comes out I test even better yep self love is not being selfish at times but people at times always self love bro priority oh right you are in the corporate world because sometimes when you go to pitching sometimes when people represent you in proposal they pitch your brand and work with corporate at times maybe people tend to judge people with tattoo maybe did you ever miss out maybe to see a multimillion deal no no no I've just missed opportunities to donate blood sometimes there's some people are very serious with blood donation like I remember when my tattoo was still fresh fresh there was like a blood drive they would not give blood because they said oh you know if you just have fresh tattoo there's that theory but I've not gotten a chance to miss on jobs because of tattoo most of the corporate jobs I do I'm always in a suit you'll not see my tattoos suit or an African then now I don't have too much tattoo I don't look devilish you know there's too much tattoo yes you've never missed an opportunity when they see your tattoos no not really maybe ladies when they see your tattoos they think you're a bad boy that's true but wait a minute alright okay yeah so what's that now see bad boy bad boy vibes like you know me bad boy but ladies love bad boys yeah now that's the thing that happens so sometimes you give a personality or an image of a bad boy but you are not and then when the lady realizes when it comes to kumakuliwa dem yeah so it's true what's true people judge when people see you with tattoos when you see a lady with a lot of piercings you normally judge them and the thing is I've met people with tattoos covered all over their body people with piercings all over their body and they've been the most beautiful people with the most beautiful souls and I've met people with no tattoos and they're the most devilish people most of them I've met all kinds of people and also I've met people with tattoos who are also very bad and I've met people who who don't have tattoos who are also very good it cuts across there's a split in the divide but most of the time when you have a tattoo people always fast it's like when you have a rasta then you twist your face then you have a rasta when are you planning to have a next tattoo I know you're not planning to have a kid right now so the next tattoo I'm having I want to put the dates of birth for my kids because I keep forgetting but you don't have the birth certificate I have but I've told you I'm not good with numbers trust me the only four numbers I know is for my dad because he's had it since I was born the same number he was selling when Airtel was still being called cancer so yeah the same number 24 so that one I remember my ID number and my phone number my second phone number I just crammed it juicy because my first phone number was shadow band was blocked on whatsapp so I had to use my second number so I had to cram cram cram cram cram cram cram then I mastered it so those are the only numbers that I remember off head in my date of birth and you impress a pin of course yeah impress a pin that's fair yeah yeah so those are the only numbers that I remember I don't even remember my mum's phone number and my mum is my personal person cram it I'm just like men so I normally try if something is not coming I don't force it so there's a backstory to that I'll not get into it today but sometimes if you get too deep into you get in a different zone maybe I might have done interview some about a conversion that happened awhile ago but so I normally don't remember so I'm like it's every... it's me it's me territory so I'll go check I check on... I got my phone there So I just want to put them here, so when you just look, I'm like, ah huyuni huyuni huyuni huyuni huyuni huyuni huyuni But personally I don't see the big deals about the birthday because for my kids I think every day is their birthday When they're with me, we'll do whatever I want, we'll have a good time So I don't have to buy your cake on your birthday, I can buy your cake any other day Provided we control it so you don't have issues with eating a lot of junk So I'm doing that, then I want to do a tribal, like the one the rock has I want to do a full tribal on one side, I haven't decided if it's this side or it's this side But mostly it'll go, I just love it, it looks very nice Like I want to do, problem is I'm black bro, I'm black That's the thing man, I'm going to do this thing and nobody's going to see nothing They're like, you have a tattoo, we're going to tribal, we're going to skin disease So I'm going to do a tribal, it's going to come up to here I'm still gathering the courage to do it The bones, no Bro, I have many problems now, man is not one of them These bones here Okichoruata rupenye kuna bone amam fupa mamishipa Bro, taimbayesu ni buwana So these bones here coming ata hapa Inu na nipiwa siwa si, ukuna unas kia ni kaskini na ruka These ones we can always try and manage somehow But that's the only problem I have, but I want to do a tribal tattoo so bad Then now the problem is I always do all my tattoos in one day Like when I was doing this one, is when I was doing this one Misako, like so you're just doing phases, you're just coming on Me I don't want to deal with my problems I normally like phase my problems, I handle them now Shit, he's the fan, then I'm like yes We're done with that, let's focus on the next problem Just to wind up, just to understand Because tattoos, people say, most of the people, we've seen it online It comes with side effects One becomes addicted to tattoos And then there are other stories that lead to cancer Or it comes with it Just to teach those guys that have tattoos Maybe those are planning to have tattoos Okay, the side effect of tattoos is it's Na tumia pesa, a lot of money Then also it's painful When it's being put But some people never feel the pain Some people's nerves are kidogo They're neurons kidogo asifani kazi So there's that part Then also the cancer story I don't know how it's been proven I haven't really researched it, I already have tattoos So if maybe I'm going to have it, maybe I don't know So there's that part Then also the downside is people judge you differently When you have tattoos, then they're very addictive You'll always want to add another tattoo It's like having a fine girl You'll always want another Fine girls are for keeps Fine girls are for keeps, but now you find another fine girl Have you ever realized that When you have a fine lady Is when you see other fine ladies Like, how are you?  Bro, you've not seen Ambare?  She's like the most kindest person I know She's your friend, no no no I've never interviewed Ambare I've never interviewed Ambare No no no Maybe Ambare is petty No she's not You guys just don't understand I don't know maybe you're one of the people Who spoke bad I think I don't know why she's blocked I think maybe She's not that type of person Trust me, she's a very different person From the people Try to find out maybe I don't know the reason She's a very good person So Ambare is first? Yeah, because So full spec Then she's light skin I'm not saying daksin ladies are not fine They are very fine but Ambare Then there's Foyna She's also full spec And Then there's Aziad She's Luya bro Like you give her some food You're good to go No but you've not seen Aziad She's full spec She's learned I think it's an MMU No, it went to Kenyamas Kenyamas, she went to Kenyamas She's learning She's entrepreneurial She's very flexible She's She's How do I describe It's gorgeous No gorgeous, a lot of women are gorgeous I know too many women that are gorgeous I can name them for me until Timbuktu But there's something There's something No, she's just a person She looks like if she's easy with you She's the type of person you'll never be bored being around You know the person that you choose to have in your life Is a person who is full vibes Ku dance, me dance, me kula, me fanyani Ni me travel, like full vibes Nusimu niyata kubo Kwa niyata kubo kwa zileza Nini ni umeni peya You realize which craft is real Nini ni umeni pelekana Nini ni kana za pelekana vizuri Any more additional maybe There are too many bro The list is too long I can propose a name Pretty vision Why are you laughing Onaju ha I try Like I said I'm trying to be more Positive side this year Like I don't want to throw shade on anybody But pretty vision is not my type And not my spek That's what I would say and we are With all due respect She's She's fine to Steve Osipa boy And the likes, not to me Can you pay someone maybe to have A tattoo over your face or your name Myself, there's a lady who has a tattoo of my name Yeah No, my ex My ex is a Shamba I just use to go to another kuru I don't know what to say Yeah bro, he's got time He'll be here any time He'll be here any time Look at your exes you're like what the hell My ex is a luxury He has a tattoo and everything But some of my exes have I don't know I don't know I don't know But some of my exes have Tatuile sasa ila wezi futa Ya kaza Ya, yo ni tatuza sasa wezi futa Bikus kumifanyas yes My son's mother was done for the CSC Like when a juivi Ya, then That's it, Obina thank you so much For your time and for inspiring us For talking to us regarding our new show The story behind the tattoo That was very inspiring And they learned something from you Because you are a father figure You have a role model too many And I hope so Maybe I'll get a chance to see you next tattoo I'm a father figure and I'm a father You know you can be a father figure You can be a father figure and you're not a father But you can be a father and you can be a father figure also Thank you for hosting me Guys thank you for supporting everything I do Let's keep the dream alive about inclusivity Thank you


Well I've been working in wetland for almost 10 years now and looking at the wealth of this carbon-rich ecosystem it's very important to bring into the surface about the importance of wetland for climate change mitigation and adaptation because there are huge storage of carbon in this ecosystem in both pitland and mangrove. I work in a number of provinces like West Papua, East Kalimantan and West Kalimantan. There are a lot of potential to be part of this climate solution as far as wetland is concerned but it's not clear however how this thing will have to be governed especially wetland topic is so remote from many of this government in term of keeping them intact and protecting them in such a way that they will get the benefit out of it. With regard to wetland is the Mahakam Delta. I heard this morning that this is one of the 17 or so commitments to do in East Kalimantan and Delta Mahakam is so rich in terms of mangrove and carbon storage but also facing tremendous pressure from the expansion of shrimp homes. Bottom-up process is very important because they know their agenda but bottom-up alone is not complete. We need to know what's the top-down process as well. The problem is where to find this meeting point between bottom-up and top-down kind of approach so the local government need to be informed what's going on at national level. I think market is one thing you meet in the market. We can show the money where they can meet the buyer and the buyer can meet also the sellers. Not only that the the mechanism of this transaction the institution to do that has to be prepared well.


Namaste. In our last session, we had started discussion on analysis of financial statement and its interpretation. So, financial statements give vast amount of data, different users can extract the relevant information. So, they may either go for horizontal statement, or benchmarking. The most important technique for analysis is ratio analysis, where variety of ratios are calculated. So, last time we had seen this example that if we want to know about profitability, only comparing the profits does not give a fair picture. We want to know the profit as a percentage of sales. Then we will have to calculate the ratio known as net profit ratio. So, we will know that company B has more profitability than that of A as a percentage of sales. There are variety of ratios which are calculated because different stakeholders want different type of information. Now, the ratios are useful for knowing the strengths and weaknesses of the company. They are also useful for taking decisions. They are also useful for knowing the performance. Now, the importance of ratios is that the financial statements tell you about the present and the past, but the ratios can be used even to project the future. So, we can make certain assumptions, look for the past trends and make the projections for the future, that is an advantage of the ratios. Now, in our last session, we had started discussion on first two type of ratios that is liquidity and capital structure. Within liquidity, current ratio is the most important ratio which is used extensively. Here we want to know whether company has enough current assets to pay for its current liabilities. So, ratio normally is considered to be 2 is to 1 to be acceptable, but it can considerably change from industry to industry. General idea is we should have enough of current assets to meet the current liabilities and avoid any default or bankruptcy. Now, a more conservative major of this ratio is quick ratio, where we calculate quick assets to quick liabilities. Then we have started looking at the long-term liquidity of the company. For that we calculate the capital structure ratios. So, we know that there are two important funding sources. One is a equity, other is a debt. So, equity ratio we seek to calculate equity as a percentage of capital employed. In debt, debt as a percentage of capital employed and the debt equity ratio which is perhaps the most common and extensively used, debt is calculated as a percentage of equity. But while calculating the ratio in the numerator we take debt plus preference share capital. Keep in mind, actually normally shareholders equity includes preference share capital, but for the purpose of this ratio, we deduct it from the denominator and add it to the numerator. Because though it is a shareholders funds, it is repayable within 5 to 10 years. So, it has acquired a nature like debt. So, we add debt plus preference capital and divide it by shareholders equity minus the preference capital. Got it? So, debt equity ratio is a very important ratio where the bankers are extensively interested. In fact, no loan is granted by any bank unless they calculate debt equity ratio. How much debt equity ratio is acceptable? Suppose you want to buy a vehicle of 10 lakhs, how much loan bank will give? Any idea? Normally how much loan banks give? Banks normally say that we will finance 75% of vehicle. That means what debt equity ratio they are looking for? From 10 lakhs, they will give 7.5 lakhs and owner has to put in 2.5 lakhs. So, what is the debt equity ratio? 7.5 by 2.5. That means acceptable debt equity ratio is 3. Like that Reserve Bank of India and the regulators fix the maximum debt equity ratio which bank can give. And individual banks also decide the maximum and again from case to case basis they can vary it a bit. Normally they bring it down. Suppose the borrower is not very sound, has does not have a very strong position. They can also say that out of 10 lakhs we will finance only 6 lakhs. Then what will be the debt equity? 6 by 4. That means it becomes 1.5. So, norm is 3 but they can bring down maximum financing as per the requirement. So, debt equity ratio is a very important ratio which is looked by banker while sanctioning any loan proposal. Other lenders also see it like non-banking companies or leasing companies. Many times if a company wants to make a credit sale, they check the customer's debt equity ratio. Because will the customer be able to repay that loan? For that both current ratio is also important, debt equity ratio is also important. In a short-term transaction current ratio is given more weight, for a long-term transaction debt equity is given more weight. This debt equity ratio also changes from the nature of project or the asset financed. For example, as I told you for a vehicle normally bank gives 75 percent loan. So, the debt equity ratio is how much? 75 by 25 means 3 is to 1.  Normally bankers finance 80 percent of house or even more sometimes, but if they finance 80 percent that means 80 lakhs banks will give 20 lakh the borrower will give. So, what is the debt equity ratio? 80 by 20 means it is 4 is to 1. Many times bankers even finance 85 percent that means 85 by 15. So, it is almost a ratio of 5.5 or 6. So, house is considered to be much more safer asset than vehicle. So, they are willing to go for a higher debt equity ratio. Are you getting me? Suppose some infrastructure project to be to be started like construction of road or construction of railways will the debt equity ratio be higher or lower? The debt equity ratio for such long term projects is much higher. It can be 6, 10, 15 also sometimes for railways because the returns from these assets are going to come over a longer period of time and these are much more safer and stable assets bankers do give much more debt equity ratio. Have you heard of subprime problem in US? There was a very big crisis in 2008 known as subprime crisis. In subprime crisis bankers gave lot of loans to those borrowers which were subprime, subprime means of lower quality. Bankers went on giving more and more debt equity ratio that created very big problems of non-performing assets that is known as subprime crisis. Those who are interested you can type subprime crisis in Google lot of articles will come and you will get more information right now we will not discuss more about it. But what I am trying to tell is debt equity ratio is very important. If the debt equity ratio is violated by bank, bank start giving more debt equity ratio it gives a problem to the bank in the long run. It also creates problem to the company if the debt equity ratio is high because you are taking more and more risk when you are going for more and more debt. The companies which have stable assets like more land and building can have more debt equity ratio. But if companies are like service sector companies or IT companies they must have lower debt equity ratio. For example, many IT companies like Infosys in fact are called as zero debt company. They have no debt at all. So, zero debt equity ratio is a basis they go for. Later on we will see some cases of the companies. Now the next type of ratios are known as coverage ratios. We were discussing about the bankers. So, bankers want to decide on maximum debt equity ratio. But they also look at whether the interest which is going to be repaired is covered by the income or earnings of the company. Now the fixed claims are like interest on loan or preference dividend or the repayment of installments. So, important ratio which is mainly considered by bankers is debt service coverage ratio. So, the numerator is earnings available for debt service upon interest plus installment. So, normally net profit is available plus some non-cash operating non-cash expenses like depreciation are added and some adjustments may be made for loss on sale of assets and interest on debts. So, this much is a money available is kept as a numerator and the installment to be paid and the interest including the interest is to be kept as a denominator. So, bankers here we know that how many times the earning is available for repaying their installment, whether the company has capacity to make the repayment on time. So, that is a debt service coverage ratio. Same way one can also calculate interest coverage ratio. So, whether the company will be able to at least repay interest for that normally the numerator is a bit or profit before interest and tax divided by interest, good. So, higher ratio both the debt service and interest coverage if the ratio is higher that means there is a good coverage available for repayment of interest or installment that means the chances of default are less. So, bankers normally insist on at least the minimum debt coverage ratio which they want to emphasize on. Same way preference shareholders will be interested to know the coverage for their dividend that is why preference dividend coverage ratio. Now, the preference dividend can be paid only after paying interest and taxes. So, numerator now we have taken EAT or you can also call it PAT earning after tax or profit after tax divided by preference dividend liability. So, if the profit after tax is sufficient the company will be able to pay the dividend as per the contracted terms. So, the coverage is seen in this ratio. Now, there is one important ratio known as capital gearing ratio. This is very similar to debt equity ratio which we discussed earlier. So, in the numerator we consider the preference capital plus debt and the denominator we see the owners fund that is equity capital plus reserves minus any possible losses. So, here also if the ratio is higher the company is considered to be more risky or it can also be calculated for a particular project. If the ratio is higher the project is considered to be risky you need to have a balance too high ratio is to be avoided. Now, the next type of ratios are known as activity ratios. They are sometimes also called as efficiency or performance or turnover ratios because here we calculate how better or how efficiently the company is able to utilize their assets. Now, the assets are being used mainly for generating sales. So, a comprehensive ratio for this is capital turnover ratio. Now, we employ the capital in business to generate the sales. So, we are calculating sales upon capital employed a company which is efficient will be able to sell more and more using lesser capital. So, higher the ratio is preferable higher ratio means they are able to generate more turnover and most likely their profits also will be higher. So, to do it overall for all the assets taken together we calculate capital turnover ratio. Other popular ratio is fixed asset turnover ratio. So, sales again in the numerator the denominator we are taking fixed assets or capital assets. So, what are the long term assets used by the company and how much sales they are able to generate? This shows the efficiency in utilization of fixed assets. This can be also calculated for individual asset either it can be calculated for the whole company, it can be calculated for a particular project or a plant. It can even be calculated for a single asset. If that asset is able to generate the revenue just see how efficiently you are using the asset. Suppose there is a auto rickshaw driver he or she has auto rickshaw let us say the cost of rickshaw is 4 lakhs is able to generate a daily turnover of say 1000 rupees. What will be the fixed asset turnover ratio? Just calculate daily turnover of 1000 rupees. Normally rickshaw cannot be used for the whole year let us say it is used for 300 days in a year. What will be the turnover? 300 into 1000 that means 3 lakhs is a turnover and the value of fixed asset was 4 lakhs. So, 3 by 4 that means in a year the ratio is less than 1 assuming that this rickshaw is operated in a single shift of 8 hours turnover generated was 1000. The ratio is 3 lakhs upon 4 lakhs or 3 by 4. Now if the same rickshaw is operated in 2 ships. So, 1000 in the morning 1000 in the afternoon. So, now the turnover has doubled what will be the ratio? So, 1000 plus 1000 means 2000 in a day into 300 days. So, 6 lakhs divided by 4 lakhs. So, now you can see earlier the ratio was 0.75. Now it has become 6 by 4 that is 1.5. So, the efficiency of use of asset has improved. I am just giving a simple example that it can also be calculated for one single auto rickshaw because one asset is able to generate the turnover same way it can be done at various levels. Now generation of turnover is very important for success of company because that is what is going to give you profits. That is why this ratio is very important for the ability of the business to generate the sales. Now just like fixed assets we can also see how efficiently business is using working capital. So, now it is sales upon working capital that is current asset minus current liability. So, are they effectively using their working capital higher the ratio will be good because that shows a more or a more efficiency of the company. Now this ratio is very interesting because if you want to study the working capital management of the company this ratio is now subdivided into inventory turnover, daters turnover and creditors turnover. Now this is about the inventory turnover because there will be different units or departments in the company looking after the stock management, daters management, creditors management. So, we can know the efficiency of each part of the business. The first one here we are looking for is inventory turnover. Now either we can take sales upon inventory but more sophisticated would be cost of sales because you know inventory is recorded at cost. So, numerator also will take at cost of sales instead of just taking the closing inventory it will be better if we take average inventory because we know that on an average how much is a stock and how much is a sales generated. So, cost of sales upon average inventory is the better or improved formula getting it. Now the same formula can be also converted into number of dates to make it more meaningful. Suppose a company has let us say a turnover of 4 lakhs and has daters of 40,000 what will be the ratio sorry has an inventory of 40,000 and turnover of 4 lakhs. So, 4 lakhs upon 40,000. So, ratio is 10 inventory turnover ratio is 10 but it can be also calculated in terms of number of days. Now, can you calculate it in number of days? How much was inventory? 40,000 sales was 4 lakhs. Now 40,000 upon 4 lakhs instead of doing 4 lakh upon 40 which was 10 we are doing 40,000 upon 4 lakhs that means 1 by 10 multiplied by 365 days. So, you will get 36.5. Now this is in terms of days. Now you can I think understand it better. So, company on an average holds inventory of 36.5 days. Now we can compare it with their inventory policy. We can compare their policy with the actual and accordingly take the decisions for improving the efficiency. Now the same ratio can be calculated for daters. For daters what will be the formula? It is sales upon daters or accounts receivables. But since accounts receivables are only applicable to credit sales we can improvise it by taking the numerator as credit sales and divided by average accounts receivable. Same ratio like stock we can convert it in terms of number of days that is also known as daters velocity. So, instead of having daters turnover in number of times it is better understood if we go for number of days. Suppose the sales of the company is 10 lakhs and they have receivables of 2 lakhs. Now what will be their ratio? 10 lakh by 2 lakhs. So, how much is a ratio? 5. Now in terms of days how much it is? 2 lakhs by 10 lakhs that means we get 1 by 5 into 365. So, how much it will be? If it is more than 70 days around 70 to 75 days roughly 72 days you can say is the daters. Now you can really understand the gravity of the situation. Suppose their policy is to have credit for 30 days they must have collected in 30 days at least in 30 to 35 days, but here they have daters for 72 days means almost more than double their policy that means their daters management system is not efficient. So, for managers they would continuously calculate this ratio and try to improve their performance. Will it be useful to investors also or the shareholders also or the auditors also? Answer is yes, because auditors or shareholders will also calculate this ratio when they come to know that the policy of the company is 30 days, but the ratio is 72 days what does it mean? There is every possibility that the daters which the company has shown has lot of wrong entries or false entries or there is a window dressing there is a overstatement of daters. So, we would try to investigate to find out the nature of daters. There are more ratios also like edging statements. So, we will try to find out that how many days that daters are still there with the company like that lot of hints can be there for further investigation in that. Now, the next ratio is creditors turnover ratio. So, normally we take sales upon that item, but since creditors are related to purchases we take purchases particularly we will take credit purchases. So, credit purchase upon average accounts payable. So, here also we can convert it into number of days and know within how many days we are repaying. Suppose our normal policy is to have a credit of 30 days, but we are repaying in only 20 days. We will have to check whether we are getting any discount for early repayment or where our people are unnecessarily paying before time or if it is too long investors will be interested in knowing whether there is any problem with the company or whether their purchases are dummy they are showing some wrong figures in purchases, but do not pay it in time. So, this ratio is also important. So, we have now covered the liquidity ratios then we have also discussed the ratios like debt equity which were about stability and now we have discussed the ratios on efficiency. In the next session we will go for next round of ratios. Namaste, Danyavad.


What's going on guys, welcome back to another video. Real quick, if you guys are new to the channel, make sure you guys hit that subscribe button. Today's video is about to be the ultimate banger. I feel like it's been a minute since your boy has done a prank on his girl and I feel like today, the savagery, if that's a word, it's gonna come out today, right?  I miss doing the pranks. If you guys miss the pranks, comment down below Team Isaiah all day every day. Give this video a big thumbs up so I know. But I think I'm gonna start coming back with the pranks. I think I'm gonna start being a savage again. But yeah, enough of that. As you guys can tell by title and a thumbnail of the video, boy is gonna be testing his luck, risking his life. I'm gonna be air dropping a picture of a hot girl to my girlfriend to see how she reacts. So I'm gonna show you guys real quick what the picture of the hot girl looks like. If you go on Google and you type in hot girl, you can find this picture. I'm gonna show you guys really quick, a quick second, because it's a little spicy. All right, so I'm trying to keep it a little clean. Be at three, two, one. Yeah, it's pretty spicy. And when she sees it, she's gonna flip out. So what I'm gonna do is I have a camera downstairs. She's either watching TikToks or watching TV, one or the other. But I have a camera down there. I have a camera right here with me. I'm gonna hide this one over here, air drop her the picture, and I'll show you guys when I do it. And either she comes up here or I'm gonna have to go down there, one or the other. But either way, you guys are gonna see her flip out. And when she does, I'm just gonna act like I don't know what's going on. I didn't air drop that. I don't even know what you're talking about. Who sent you that?  It's gonna get really bad. It's gonna get toxic. And I'm sure you guys are gonna love it. But yeah, if you guys are ready for today's video, make sure you guys smash that thumbs up button, comment down below to Team Isaiah all day every day. Constantly risking my life for you guys as always. But let's get into it. All right guys, I'm about to air drop the picture right now. It's about to get really ugly. If you guys are ready, make sure you guys smash that thumbs up button. All right, I don't know if you guys can see, it says air drop wifey. Let's see if she accepts it. But I'm doing something. Babe, I'm busy, you come upstairs. Babe, for real, just come upstairs. Are you coming upstairs? All right, I'm gonna go downstairs, relax. I'm coming, all right, relax, relax. I'm downstairs, I'm trying to organize our studio. Have a seat. I am, I will have a seat. Yeah, go and sit down. You sound like a teacher. What I want you to do? Yeah, I sound like a teacher. What's your problem? You gotta know what my problem is. What, you broken down? Nope, I'm ripping them off. Why? Cause, it's what's getting good. That's not what you're doing.  Just letting you know, just letting you know it's about to get real. How? How? You're mad at me. No, I'm ripping them off. For what? Why are you ripping them off? Because. What I gotta do immediately. Because, whenever somebody from San Ero's off, just know that they're about that action. So guess what? Who are you gonna fight? Whoever you just sent me. What are you talking about? All right, well, this is gonna go one or two ways, okay?  Conversation, there's, I've been upstairs this whole time, organizing our studio room, cleaning it up to set up your music stuff. Yeah, whatever. Don't try to, don't try to get out like me. Go upstairs and see all the stuff that I've done. Okay, what else have you been doing? You've been doing a lot up there. That's all I've been doing. You've been doing a lot up there, huh? I ordered food. I should be getting food in about 10 minutes.  I sent you what? You just got high. I haven't been on my phone. So why did I want to see you with you? So you're telling me I airdropped you a picture of a blonde girl? Yes. No, I didn't. All right, no, you didn't? So how is this randomly just in my phone? I didn't airdrop anything. I haven't been on my phone. Bro, I ordered Uber Eats. I ordered Uber Eats. That's all I've done. I haven't been on my phone. I don't even know who that is. Keep lying to me. Why would I randomly airdrop you a girl? You lied to me. Why would I randomly do that? I don't know. Exactly. Yeah. There's no reason to. You got yourself caught up and now you're trying to get this whole story going. How? You don't know who she is. How? Who is she? I just told you. I don't know. You don't know, but you just airdropped you a girl. How do you know I was at the neighbor Bro, because You literally just airdropped me a picture of another girl. I'm telling you I didn't. You didn't? Is this just going to be a back and forth thing like you say she say thing? I'm telling you that you don't know who that is. I'm telling you I didn't. I don't know who that is. You don't know who that is. I dropped you a picture. I don't even have that picture. You don't have this picture? I don't have that picture. Let's see. Who is that? Why are you laughing? Who is that? Why are you laughing? Because Why would I airdropped you this? How did I get on my phone? What was it? No. You see? No. I'll tell you who it is. Who is this girl? I'll tell you who it is. Who is this girl? Let me see. I'll tell you. Who is she? Let me see and I will tell you. No, now I'm going to go through your Instagram followers. I got nothing to do with my followers. Who are you following?  Why? That's what's going to pop up. Okay, so that you admit it that this is in your phone. So you admit. You admit you took it out. You admit it. See my say over everything. Admit it. Bro, you're so true. Biggest L's I could have gave you. Now you're going to have to pay for a whole- You do your own nails. I'm not paying for anything. Yo, you got to go on Amazon and buy me all my new nail stuff so that you can break all my nails off. That's not my problem. I don't know why you would do that. Were you trying to box or something? No.   What you talking about?  You guys stop talking. Yeah, right. Come on, I'm not saying team I say it because that was the one. Alright, whatever, bro. I don't even care. I got you. So that's all that matters. I don't care. You're okay. I'm going back to the studio. I'm going to do my outro and I'm going to collect my brother. Like, I always do. Whatever. Alright, guys. I'm not going to lie. That got really bad, really fast. She was over there ripping off her nails, doing the most. But I go find this girl. I thought she was going to try to box me. I would have hit her with a one-two combo. But yeah, another W, another successful W. I'm the boys belt. I'm not going to lie. She caught me off guard when she asked for my phone. I should have known she was an expert phone. And regardless though, we got that W. You guys already know how it is. Team I say it all day, every day down below. And I will see you guys in the next video.


The federal government of Nigeria has just announced the 1,000 Naira levies to be paid by car owners as proof of ownership every year. The chief collector has just walked in and would like to have a quick chat with him. Mr Erizi? Yes, Mr Erizi. It's okay. So yeah, it's just this sort of ownership levies. It's just 1,000. It's not a lot. Nigeria complains too much. It's just 1,000 per year. It's not even per month. It's per year. So it's not in big deal. It happened in other country. Other country they collect levies, they just have to pay. But it's just 1,000. What are the incentives then? Incentives? I don't understand. Please comment. What motorists get in return for this 1,000? It's very simple. We give receipts. Yeah, it's transparent government. It's transparent. We give receipts. Because we don't say, okay, thank you. But no, we give you receipts.  You have a good decision of Nigeria. Okay, all right. Don't answer your question. I don't understand. I don't understand it. Yeah, what about Mr Erizi? God, don't show it to the deaf young. How do you... Well, I was expecting you just to say... I was expecting you to say what incentive... I don't know how to explain incentive directly. It's okay. I have to play that video. When I saw it this morning, I laughed so hard. All right, so thanks for staying with us. Now, the permanent secretary, Lagos State Ministry of Transportation, Abdulla Hafiz Teriola said, I was stated that the proof of ownership certificate would help vehicle owners and the government assure the integrity of all vehicles registered on the national vehicle and identification scheme database and track car theft and recovery of stolen vehicles. Now, according to him, Lagos State will commence the collection of this fee for the proof of ownership certificate from motories beginning in July that's this month's 2023 based on National Bureau of Statistics. However, their data. Nigeria has about 11.7... It had 11.76 million vehicles in Q2 of 2018 with a car per population ratio estimated at 0.06. Multiple reports indicate that approximately 400,000 vehicles are imported into Nigeria annually with an approximation of 12 million vehicles in the country and the optimistic assumption that everyone fully complies the dutifully and dutifully pays rather the required 1,000 Naira to the federal government. This will potentially result in an estimated gross receipt of 12 billion Naira from the implemented tax. Now, is this tax necessary and where would the revenue generated from the annual vehicle ownership verification fee go to? Now, please, let's hear what you have to say. Remember, you can join the conversation, send us an SMS or WhatsApp is read 1 80384663 you can also do that as a wish after one of the hashtag wish show. Okay, 15.507 million registered vehicles in West Africa and Nigeria accounts for about 11.869 800,000 vehicles with that amount. That's according to a report. The commencement of the annual collection levy of ownership certificate for vehicles registered within Lagos it says it takes effect from the 1st of July so most Nigerians have criticized this levy viewing it as an additional burden and form of exploitation by the government. Currently, what do we even pay for vehicle registration in Nigeria? I can't even because I have not done my registration myself so maybe you guys at the back end can help me pull out that number. Because the fiscal policy partner and Africa tax leader, PwC Mr Taiwa Edeli has described the introduction of this renewal of proof of ownership for cars as retrogressive, ill-conceived and poorly designed. It's like taking us backwards. He said he was reacting to the policy via Twitter posting he emphasized that they recently introduced annual renewal of proof. So you're going to be renewing it annually. Renewal of proof of ownership for cars should not be implemented because it will set a bad precedent for more retrogressive taxes according to him apart from the payment which seems to be solely for revenue generation and more for non-state actors than for government. It is illogical for people to have to prove annually that they own a vehicle for which they already have a certificate of proof of ownership issued by that same government. Why do I need to come back to you to say Mr. Gedikau because like I don't understand the policies. Why is my voice going off? I don't understand the policies that so I get the fact that we are trying to drive revenue and generate ways to make income and all of that but I think this one was not just thought through because when you register your car that's why I said I want to know how much. I know that there's a total package but I get to register my car but I don't know the exact amount that's proof of ownership costs but you know when you do your first registration you have a permanent certificate that's that proof of ownership you have it. It used to be free Before this 1000 years You know because we pay we pay a total package so I don't really know how much it used to be free So what are your thoughts on this? It's just like you said it's quite interesting that you'll be made to prove that you're the owner of a vehicle every single year after you have paid first of all package sum or a lump sum you paid a lump sum for vehicle registration proof, you know the whole documentation proofing that okay I either bought this car brand new or I bought this car off someone else and there is I feel like where this will come in or where this should come in is if within the cost of a year I transferred ownership to you then you have to prove that then you then go and do change of ownership documentation I know you don't really need to do it I'm saying that it will make better sense to me if you tell me that it's at that point when you even do that change of ownership documentation in my head when you are changing the ownership the documents name and all of that it will come with a new certificate that shows the new owner's name do you understand that's what I'm saying that if the charge was to come at that point then it will make better sense to me that you're actually changing the ownership of the vehicle so proving that that new person or proving that the whole process of changing from me being the owner to you being the owner transfer of ownership where to come there I would understand it because the ownership is being changed because it's already a charge so they said under the new regime the experience will now pay $18,750 that's the lump sum for the standard private and commercial number plate against the old rate of $12,500 so they have because it's a lump sum it comes with your number plate it comes with your documentation and all of that right so if I want to change my ownership engine my fee that comes with it so it's no longer engine that is on the paper it is now over that is on the document so that is already an action because before I can do that I have to pay a lump sum of money to the government so I mean for me I feel like very soon they will resume what's they called now tolls they will resume tolls you're already paying your personal income taxes you're paying a lot of tariff on fuel or costs for fuel you're paying a very high tariff on electricity right I mean if you're not doing electricity you're also alternating those power source for probably generators and you get fuel and all of that food cost of living is quite high so I mean for the government I think that you have to be a lot more creative but let me come to you Jennifer let me come back to my thoughts because I just feel like this is just ill thought so following what Nishitao Yedale said I mean he talked about how this cost is becoming too much for Nigerians especially now that subsidy has been removed food prices have gone up skyrocketing transportation is very expensive so it's like asking the citizens to pay extra money but the permanent secretary of Ministry of Transportation according to him cannot rationalize this new law that is about to take place or that has already even said it taking place so Mr. Abduha fees said that the procedure is aimed at ensuring real time tracking and maintaining the integrity of vehicle records on the national vehicle and identification scheme database he also said that the renewal process is part of the government's commitment to keeping accurate and up to date records of vehicle ownership which is crucial for effective traffic management law enforcement and public safety so everything that he is just saying is that there is a reason and a reason for why they are charging us this particular amount is just for record purpose we already pay an annual vehicle registration vehicle renewal document vehicle license every year do you understand so if you really want to keep track of the vehicles that are on your road there is that document do you know that if you like don't pay from now to 2027 the day you want to pay in 2028 it will accumulate because it is an automated payment structure it will accumulate all your bills and give you all the bills you paid it is already standard in the system do you understand that I have to prove to you that I own a car that I already own does it make sense to me it doesn't make any sense to me now where I think me is the big question that I want to ask the government where will this money go to because clearly this is an extra channel for income generation right so we know that 1000 naira is not a joke let's even take the statistics that was given that the projections about 12 billion naira is not a joke so what would that money what would it be used for and I think it should be more than that do you understand because one household can have 10-15 vehicles some people that do run transport services and all of that they already pay and these are double taxations because these people already have very very strong levies that they are paying if you are driving commercial vehicles or even motorcycles or whatever there are charges that you are paying you keep also you should not also forget these agbe roads that we have on our roads that collect daily income from this commercial bus drivers you are going on the road so it's like for every single time you turn left right and center for AA and income that is so slim why all of these things is bothering me is because it goes back to the consumers now all of us go sufferer do you understand we would also suffer this because it will go back to food it will go back to what's it called power it will go back to every single thing you know so if the government is sincere enough to tell me that XYZ number of billions or millions will be generated from this money and they would channel that money to XYZ projects right then we can now sit down probably to have a conversation join us then to say okay yes maybe we should follow through your roads are terrible very very horrible roads like literally you would drive on our roads in Nigeria and you would have body aches right you have headaches I get sick every single time I go to visit my children in Oshun state I get sick every single time but I don't have a choice I have to go your roads are terrible that is a wear and tear on my vehicle I know how much it is one of my vehicle that has been parked for a month I know how much I am spending to try to fix that car back to shape because of what bad roads I was saying to someone that see Nigerians don't even mind paying all these levies if you won't tell us to come and pay 1000 naira for fuel we also don't mind to do that but you see for you to do that you have to put certain infrastructures and a minute is in place what use is it that I will spend so much money right and I will end up burning all that money on a standstill gridlock like you are literally genuinely agitating my spirit because now a lot of people are angry you see a lot of angry drivers on the road now you now come back again and say you know what this car that you own you have to pay me 1000 naira every day there are banks I don't know whether banks still do that they have poor cars they can have a fleet of 50 cars in their line do you understand and they will be paying 1000 naira every year for what so until the federal government is clear on telling us exactly what this vehicle tracking of which vehicle if I when they say they wanted to track vehicles stolen vehicle how when we even have sophisticated car trackers some companies like ray trackers they have created those sophisticated car trackers have they been able to track vehicle when I saw that part it begs the question so are we paying 1000 naira how do the tracking work how do you intend to even when it comes to tracking you already have like MTN and the rest of them that have been helping over the time to even track maybe like mobile phones track car then when you have the same card in the tracking devices so the networks have been helping with that so I'm curious to see how this 1000 can be proven that it also assists in car tracking you know I just feel like our leaders just sometimes this is it I just feel like sometimes they just think that were stupid I think that's the word because some of the excuses you hear sometimes you actually ask yourself you're an elderly man did you really really put this thing into talk before you said it to 200 million people live on TV how do you feel when your children see this kind of lack of knowledge and wisdom just being like you're not even putting it to good use like come out and give information I feel like our leaders don't inform they just come and tell you it's a lot of fraud it's true they just come out and give you a whole lot of baseless information and then sometimes I just look at some of the information and then like these guys must really feel that we're just walking around they've called those lazy Nigerian youths already so they just feel like everyone is walking around senseless I think it's because typically Nigerians when things like this come out we take it sitting down we complain for what 2 days, 3 days and everyone just complies we just fall in line and go with it they said this one again and it's actually quite alarming that they're bringing something like this up I mean it just removes subsidy people have been complaining about the cost of well people have been complaining about the high cost of transportation and now this so doing something like this also means that for people who will be using public transportation transport might increase so bus drivers are going to tell you from this location to this location you're not going to be paying $200 anymore you have to start paying $300 and that's like a lot on people's income and then when you think about it it's already slim so the people who are already spending a lot of money on transporting their goods feeding their family and then buying food it's like oh you're adding extra it might seem like nothing to some people but over time it's actually a lot the ripple effect it's and the reason why they're selling this is because we accept it yeah that's what she's saying that we sit down and I'll speak to that but let's quickly go on a break let's come back when we come back from the break we'll continue the conversation say with us I think she's telling us now if you just tuned in we're discussing the what's it called proof of ownership the annual vehicle ownership verification fee and then the conversation send us an sms or whatsapp to<PHONE_NUMBER> you can also tweet at us at Weissho after one of the hashtag Weissho alright so you know what Jennifer spoke to spoke on rather before we went on a break when you talked about how Nigerians are actually they know that Nigerians will always sit still and take everything that I mean the government brings I don't know if you've been following the incident that's been happening in France you know I remember that when I was in France there was I think the price of milk had gone up and by one very tiny fee right I mean the whole train workers all of them they just any little thing that happens in France is strike they shut down the train shut down the shut down that you know so this particular one that has happened about the 17 year old boy that was killed look at the way they are burning down things like bringing down industries right and all of that so I say to anybody that cares to listen Nigerians are the most easiest people to govern we do not have problem like Nigerians are so easy to govern all you need to do as the person is just put in the right things Nigerians will not bother you we won't ask for you to give us anything if you put the things in place give us good rules give us correct electricity give us good infrastructure Nigerians don't bother people we actually love to get the job done and you know fend for ourselves some other what's it called countries in the world any little thing like this they have pain in their finger they expect their government to come and cure the pain they have headache the government should come and cure the pain Nigerians are not like that do you understand maybe because of what we've seen over the years we don't demand for too much so when we ask for things government should at least have some level of conscience that these people are not demanding people the people all they just ask for are basic amenities so can you do that for us give us the basic amenities and stop over taxing us already we are the ones that we are our own government we will provide our road because some people have had to build their own roads themselves we provide our power we provide every single thing that we will use to live in the country provide our own food and now for every single opportunity you get as a government to give us multiple taxation we already paying taxes for goodness sake already an annual levy for vehicles that you pay every year you must pay it to register your vehicle to renew your license so why do we need to now come and say we want to reprove to you that we own the car that we own you as a government have you proven to us anything right so we need to learn we need to understand that this particular levy whoever thought through thought it through we didn't think it well because it's actually baseless I already bought something I have a receipt for it and you now come back and tell me that you need to show me that you doesn't even make sense I need to show I have to come back for you to issue me a receipt that you already given me before to say that I still own the property I didn't tell you that I sold it nothing happened and that issue about tracking not feasible because I know how much we pay for car tracking it's not feasible 1,000 naira to track what vehicles that are by the minute people are stealing cars in this country in 2 seconds you can't find a car anymore I say you want to track what vehicle where you have very poor borders that a car is stolen there was a day right in front of where it was in abuja they just took a car enough for the swift because of course the person also knows how notorious abuja it is for stealing cars so it was quick action do you know that by the time they found that car I think it was in lokoja or something they had dismantled the car already and they were going to sell it in parts this is that how the syndicated car theft people that's how they operate in Nigeria so you not tell me that you government you not be able to solve other problems you want to come and help me find my car oh my gosh is the lack of empathy for the common man that actually you see these 2 weeks break that we took it was important because I know that I will be able to come to Nigeria it's one issue from every single day there is one issue that is coming up when I don't see work anymore not to discharge people is it not just one thousand year annually if it's just one thousand year annually pay it on our behalf no I buy into your pain and it's not even just your pain is everybody's pain the lack of empathy from government is just incredible really it's bewildering because you not thinking about the common man and with the series of changes and challenges that we've been having in the last since the new administration was sworn into power we've been having back to back billions and it's it's affecting everyone it's affecting food, transportation everything everybody's asking for salary increment and the thing is that the law that mandates that organizations based on the current challenges are forced to do something about it so a lot of CEOs are sitting back and just watching because everybody's trying to save their funds they are running a business not an NGO so even before they make they even need clarification and authority and proof to show that okay if we do this now if we do this increase we're looking at this kind of projection because as a business you always have to consider such things like I said you're not running an NGO so it's quite traumatizing that the government will just lack of empathy they'll just bill you this week next week transportation has increased tomorrow it's okay that they will face and very soon will barrels will be paying they're already paying it would have even been better like we had good roads then some of us will say let's ride bicycle I'm telling you when this whole petrol fuel increase was in the news when it started I saw a man on an electric bike and I was like that's the next place to go not even anything you just when there's light you're part of an exercise you ride it because really but that's the thing there's no good road so even when you try to make adjustments to your lifestyle in order to fit into the current situation and manage your cost and many it is available cannot accommodate it let me come to you Jennifer this is one of the reasons why I've never been in support of two hits right because I mean people keep saying oh there's a need for it you're paying some part of taxing but like there's bad road everywhere right even the like he told that you talk about the entire like he wrote their port holes everywhere there's nothing good so it's like you want to tax us but we're not seeing whether money is going into I think that people would happily pay for taxes if we can see what our money is doing if we can see what because it will work our money is being put into we can have to see the results right we need to see that oh we're having good roads we need to know that when rain falls my area will not be flooded our gonkin will not be flooded Surile area will not be flooded I need to know that oh when I go on the road we have clean drainage system everywhere is working things are working there is there's constant light I mean there are also increasing light they said they don't want to put a post on that one but that one is not going to be long live they will impose it soon so I think when a new administration came they said like okay time frame every month something we must hit these people with something so money must leave your pockets so I think right now once they pay we have a question though my number play is abuja is not legal where will I go and pay this that question because I normally renew my papers on abuja anyway they will probably be online so let us say this let us assume July face I am not entitled to pay it for that I will wait till abuja tells me that even if it takes effect for new ones I should think that it takes effect for ones that have expired so you want to renew because it won't make sense if they tell everyone who has paid but I was going to say that for lack of ideas from the government might I suggest some things for you to generate income we already know you government you know that your system is over bloated the salaries that your people and the allowances that they take let's go from your national assembly all the way you know that those are avenues to actually save a lot of income for the people I think you should try as much as possible to avoid this already agitated Nigerians because you see it will get to a point where you know they chase goats when it gets to a junction there is nowhere to run to it to turn back and bite you so we are begging the federal government look within to generate this revenue if you do a project will cost a billionaire government will write 10 billion dollars on that same project you will not only write 10 billion dollars you will not complete that project you will not only not complete that project you will use inferior products on that project that would ensure that next year again will revisit that project in the project so there are so many avenues in generating income and saving your already depleting income right 1000 naira to your citizens you think it's small money but it's not because what it is now a lot of us are bleeding dry a lot of Nigerians are not excited particularly about all this unnecessary multiple taxes that we have to pay so if for anything at all if you really care about us as a people you would avoid because it could attack on our personal income because we don't have any income that is increasing so it is the small whatever that we have we try to buy expensive food we try to buy expensive fuel we try to buy expensive power we try to pay so much to fix our cars that the roads that you create that damages the car on a month on month on basis so if there is anything that we say to the government look within to drive for revenue because it is not it is not sitting well with any Nigerian right now we are already tired the local government council people will come they will say they want to collect the other day here would you put up how much they said they should come and pay they will come to your businesses they will come to your private they come everywhere that they want to collect taxes for goodness sake where is the money now where is the money ladies the planned annual renewal of proof of purchase of vehicles is a mischievous and a shady attempt to generate revenue for the government the last government over borrowed and an incoming government must tidy its books by anymore we should not be made to suffer for the financial recklessness of leaders Nigerians should reject it in its totality thank goodness some lawyers are challenging it in court where will that end today is cars tomorrow will be bikes and tricycles and even horses where you have to renew where you have to renew your proof of ownership of your house every year the government should have a database of vehicle owners or current owners when they go for an annual MOT test it's very sad that this government is putting off this nonsense annual vehicle ownership vehicle this shows that Nigeria is a criminal society that is run by heartless criminals Santos calm down who are made mention of her experience on the bad road we shouldn't be talking about this or complaining if things are going on well and right she's still made mention of the government being there without any shadow of doubt we Nigerians are demanding we do not have any problem we are not like other countries let our government cooperate and make things available and easy for us my name is Daniel Illo thank you so much ladies I think we ran out of time now before we go and show you follow us across all social media handles as we show Africa interact with us further drop a comment and more importantly follow all our engagements on social media of course but today here it is again we believe that the POC will help track the real time status and guarantee the integrity of all vehicles registered on the national vehicle and identification scheme database this was from the permanent secretary of the legal state government Mr. Abdulafiz Toriola now we'll see you guys tomorrow at 8pm as we bring another great conversation to your screen


Coral reefs are declining worldwide, and monitoring activities are important for assessing the impact of disturbance on reefs and tracking subsequent recovery or decline. Remote sensing from satellites is an alternative and complementary approach that provides complete aerial coverage but cannot provide the level of detail and accuracy at a single point than a field survey. The review considers the state of the art of coral reef remote sensing for various objectives relevant to management, such as composition of the reef, environmental parameters, biodiversity, environmental threat, and ecosystem services. Advances in sensor technology and processing algorithms continue to drive forward remote sensing capability for coral reef mapping, particularly with respect to spatial resolution of maps and synthesis across multiple data products. This article was authored by John D. Hedley, Chris M. Ralph-Sema, Illyana Chollet, and others.