Hi everybody, welcome back to our wrap-up day three here, HPE Discover 2023. This is theCUBE's awesome coverage, three days wall-to-wall coverage. We're extracting the signal from the noise. Dave Vellante here with Rob Streche. Lisa Martin was here earlier in the week, as was John Furrier, who's now in, I said DC before. He's in New York City, almost did it again. Do it covering Mongo, DB, check out all the coverage at thecube.net and siliconangle.com, but we're going to break it down right now. HPE's annual customer event discover here in Vegas, 10,000 people. Really, it was a message of unification, particularly around GreenLake, and what's powering GreenLake is that Aruba Central IP, we just talked to Bill Matrim about that, and about some of the innovations that are coming out of Aruba. It's the crown jewel right now of HPE's business, despite the awesome server business that it has, it's a really strong compute business. But the big news here was LLMs as a service, basically HPE using its supercomputer Mojo as acquisitions of Cray and SGI to really try to differentiate and move up the stack a little bit with a cloud-based offering, but strong message of edge-centric cloud-enabled, data-driven, something that Antonio Neary, CEO has been on for quite some time, and a story of differentiation, Rob, and big bets that HPE is making, and it's starting to come together, isn't it? Yeah, no, I think it is, and I think what's really good is that they're starting to also simplify their message and starting to consolidate that message within GreenLake, because even some of the discussions we had, it was GreenLake for this, GreenLake for that, and now they're going and simplifying that GreenLake message down to things like GreenLake for LLMs as a service, and bringing real service as a service there, and I think that's really key. Yeah, things that are consumable as opposed to customizable, right? I mean, it could be anything you wanted. You could do a PowerPoint and say, well, we can do that, we can do that, we have services organizations, but that's not what the cloud operating model is. The cloud operating model is I got a console, and I'm going to pay by the drink if I want to. Exactly, and I think that's been the key is that you can get that actual application, you're not just getting a blueprint to the application, you're getting on that application, you're being able to use an LLM on a supercomputer infrastructure, not just having, oh, here, you can buy this, all these parts and pieces, and we give you the instruction manual. It's moved on from there, which is great. So, Pebble's unpacked this LLMs as a service. What exactly, in your view, is it, it's not infrastructure as a service, right? It's up the stack for specific use cases and workloads that are very HPC intensive. So they're starting from a position of strength and trying to be unique and differentiable, but exactly what was your takeaway in terms of what it is? I'd call it a PAS, a platform as a service. I think that they're very strong in the knitting of infrastructure, the software they got from Cray and from the acquisitions of SGI, and I think that they're bringing that know-how of building all of these massive supercomputers that they've been building for governments and corporations for years, bringing that to bear on this LLM space, which has, I think, been really key. Yeah, Dr. Goh was sort of explaining that if you think about the typical cloud model, it's a single virtual instance that's shared amongst a lot of different workloads. If you think about the supercomputer model, it's a workload with a lot of different GPUs that have to be kind of programmed to take advantage of that parallelism. And to your point, Cray and HPE, they have developed software over the years that actually runs end to end, so you don't have to restart the jobs and consume a lot of money, energy, and time. And so that's something that HPE is putting forth as an advantage relative to the way the cloud works. Now, we're going to talk tomorrow on our breaking analysis with Andy Turai as to, well, what can the cloud guys do to respond? How will they respond? Is this really a unique advantage for HPE? And what's the preview? What do you think? Yeah, I think it's at least a advantage in the near term because I think the checkpointing and the actual software that they have in there for managing these workloads at scale is definitely differentiated. If you think about it, it's come out of years of experiencing the grids, the large grids that were all the rage pre-cloud and pre-open stack. And I think that will give them an advantage, definitely in the near term. I think how sustainable that is also comes down to the infrastructure that they build out, the Cray infrastructure.  I think that you really need to look at this and say, okay, that could be differentiated, how long it may take somebody to get there. Yeah, and sustainability was a huge theme at this show. I mean, I've said it before, every large company has a sustainability story, but what I learned this week and Antonio doubled down on it, John Fry, is HPE sustainability is, I'll call it, science certified. I'm kind of making that term up, but there's an external third party, independent scientific community that actually certifies that what they're doing is not just buying carbon credits, not paying their way and elbowing their way into sustainability, but working toward a true scientific-based net-zero posture. Yeah, and I think they could even take a stronger approach and if you look at this greenwashing as it would be of a lot of other companies that they are putting out, hey, here's your carbon footprint tool and it'll tell you that, but again, HPE and over multiple different discussions talked about supply chain, that you can't go to many vendors who can talk to, here's where I partnered with this processor company and they helped enable me to understand how my supply chain, so you can get to scope one, scope two and scope three, those types of requirements that are science-based, math-based stuff, not, you know, I pay for a carbon credit because I took a flight here kind of thing. Right, now the other notable moment was on the keynotes where Antonio was on the stage with Matt Wood, right from Amazon and it was a tale of two stories. You had Matt Wood saying, well, in front of an audience of 10,000 HPE customers said, well, we still believe in the fullness of time that all workloads are going to go into the cloud, but in the meantime, you know, we'll partner up with HPE, which I thought was stunning and of course Antonio smiled at him and said, yeah, it's a hybrid world and it's going to basically stay that way, I'm paraphrasing, and so I had, I think an interesting tweet on that that got some action, but I think actually Antonio's going to be on the right side of history of that one. I mean, unless AWS redefines the definition of cloud as to include things like GreenLake and Apex and other as-a-service sort of approaches that have the cloud operating model, everything's not going to go into the cloud and then the, you know, one of your thoughts in this, the Equinix announcements, we saw that from Dell, you know, in May, we saw it here with HPE basically pre-populating GreenLake inside of Equinix. You know, that's a form of cloud and it's right next to a Amazon data center and so you've got your latency down and you don't have to build your own data center and your own infrastructure, so that's like the best of both worlds. Yeah, I mean, if I can steal an Equinix saying that they have, they're cloud adjacent. That's how they like to say it. And I think having private cloud enterprise and the private cloud business edition, which is PCBE, which PCBs are bad, so we've got to get away from that, but you know, other than that, I think it's good in the fact that it is where the customers want to be and I think it makes a lot of sense. I also think it builds on the fact that they had this relationship with digital reality already and this helps give them a much larger addressable market in that and I think it just makes total sense. Yeah, so EKS anywhere now on GreenLake and it's kind of funny because in 2000, I think it was 18 when Amazon announced Outpost. We're like, okay, folks, here it is. And that was like a wake-up call to the HPEs of the world to actually get their act together and build it as a service model and it took them a while. My opinion that should have been done, they should have started this years before, but fine, it was a wake-up call. But now what you see, Rob, I'd love to get your take on this, is this is what Outposts should have been. Yeah, right. I don't think it's an outright admission that Outposts haven't done what they wanted to do. I think Outposts are great for little local zones and things like that where you're using the hardcore AWS services but when you're looking at EKS anywhere and Kubernetes in particular, that doesn't just live on an Outpost and I think that when they start to look at EKS anywhere, you start to look at the data behind it, it's nowhere and I think that this is when they're trying to go out and compete against their partners like we had Red Hat on and others that are out there building inside of AWS. I think it's a very shrewd move by AWS to bring EKS anywhere to GreenLake. It makes total sense. The other thing, no, actually let me add to that. So the other thing is you didn't hear anything in the keynotes, at least not much than I heard about Microsoft and Azure. And here's the funny thing, Rob, as you know as well as I do. Azure Stack for years was this sort of cobbled together. It wasn't that great. It was a classic Microsoft, yeah, it kind of works but it really didn't. But Azure Arc is kick-ass. I mean it really is a strong hybrid story and I know for a fact that HPE is doing a lot of business in that hybrid area with Microsoft. We didn't really hear much now but on the show, Flo, you heard a lot about it. So they're actually doing business in the field. So that was kind of an interesting little. And I think what's really interesting about that is you didn't hear about AKS, which is the Azure Kubernetes service, their open-source version of it, where that's actually one of the largest growing products at Microsoft. I would expect that maybe we're sitting here next year talking about AKS for GreenLake products. Absolutely. The other thing is the ebb and flow of the tech industry. You saw Ragu up there on stage with Antonio and they kind of tongue-in-cheek, but maybe not. Hey, it's been a while. Because you had Dell-owned VMware, so if I'm HPE, I'm going, well, okay, how hard am I going to lean into a VMware partnership when they're owned by Dell? They spin them out and now Broadcom's buying VMware. It looks like that has a chance of going through, a good chance of going through. HPEs, which is a huge partner of VMware, they move a ton of VMware licenses, it's like, hey, let's get back into it. We got VMware, we have Red Hat, we got SUSE, is it another partner that we heard from? Not a ton of open source on stage, but you and I I think brought open source to the conversation. Yeah, I mean, open source is one, but at the same time, you still have these lots of VMs out there. It's like everybody saying that this is going to go away overnight and everything's going to be cloud native is just not true. And I think that, having that relationship, being part of PCBE, what I believe is the one it's part of, so when you start to look at the different private cloud offerings that HPE is putting out there and how they're going to market with VMware as part of that, along with Red Hat and SUSE and others, I think it makes total sense that they get closer together again at this point. Yeah, and a couple of other sort of highlights. I mentioned Dr. Go and Antonio Neary was clearly a highlight of the week, always great on theCUBE. We also had Alpa, I think I'm saying that right, German startup company. We had their CEO and founder on who basically is an AI expert and has developed and he's worked on large language models for years and years and years. They've developed an explainable, trustable, transparent LLM that HPE is utilizing for specific use cases like legal as an example. So where you want to build your own LLM, you want to train your own models and have your own data, not have it leak into the public domain and that's something that was kind of interesting because they're working with the startup to do that. Yeah, and I was pretty good interviewer. I thought it was very interesting that they were doing that. Yeah, and then, of course, you're also seeing a lot of M&A out of these guys. I mentioned there was four this year, OpsRAMP, which was a little unclear what they're doing there, but I think Clarity will come in the next several months. Pachyderm, which is AI tools, Access Security, we were just talking to Phil Matrim about that a moment ago, which is an Israeli-based company, Athanet, which we talked about at Mobile World Congress. That's when that deal went down. Determined AI was done maybe 2022, 2021, but again, another AI tuck-in software company that HPE has acquired, and then, of course, there's Esmeral, which is kind of that software division. Of course, HPE software is, I guess, Jason Newton was saying, is more than just Esmeral. Yeah, they're putting in there the cloud-operating model tools into that, as well as part of Esmeral and being part of it. So I think that, again, you get a lot of different things that are coming together, and the fact that I was here for the three years when it broke apart and software went away, and I think now that it's coming back, but in a very, I would say, a very determined and a very specific way that they're bringing back software, that it's really not trying to do everything and be generic software, but how do they support that operating model, that cloud-operating model? Yeah, it's interesting.  It included the data protector software and included the security business. The open-stack stuff. The open-stack stuff. Basically everything, and a lot of that was sort of legacy, which should probably work pretty well for MicroFocus because they can treat it like a PE firm, but then that gave HPE the opportunity to start from scratch, essentially, and build up a much more focused and modern software portfolio. We'll see where that goes. I think they still get some work to do there and to make it a really noticeable business. Yeah, and I think they have a great advantage in the fact that you hit on the platform being the Aruba Central and building on top of that and I think having that as their north star and aiming for that makes a lot of sense. Rob, thanks for sitting in today. For Lisa, it's fantastic to be working with you. You've got to bring the knowledge of HPE, you worked at AWS, you worked at Zerto, you're seeing that. That was the other interesting thing that we didn't really talk about. You had, we had Veeam on and then you got the Zerto integration and so that's always interesting. Veeam's killing it with AR. They're still the largest part of it. Yeah, that's not going to change. Love Veeam and so. All right, we're going to wrap here. Okay, so go to thecube.net for all the on-demand videos. SiliconANGLE.com has all the news and analysis. As I say, John Furrier this week at MongoDB in New York City. Next week, we'll be back in Vegas for Snowflake Summit. I'll be here with Lisa Martin and George Gilbert. As well, John Furrier is going to be in San Francisco at the Databricks, Databricks AI Summit. Rob, you're going to be there. John will be there. George is actually going to fly out to that one as well. So we're going to have data week and that's going to be amazing. So check all that out next week at thecube.net. Thanks for watching everybody. This is the day three wrap HPE Discover 2023. Thanks for watching The Cube, the leader in enterprise tech coverage. We'll see you next time.


So, we will continue looking at sounds which we have seen last time little bit. We started with the idea that sounds are basic blocks of language. Remember, there are there are different infinite sounds in any language. A set of sounds in any language is limited in number. Also, all the languages share sounds. Some would share more, some would share less. Nonetheless, there are distinct patterns, distinct sounds in every language. There may be distinct sounds in every language, okay. And then we will begin looking at places of articulations and manners of articulations today again. And more mostly we will be talking about places of articulations of consonants today and we have looked at the distinction between consonants and vowels, right. Very very quickly what would be the most significant distinction between a consonant sound and a vowel sound? Anybody? Abstraction of air flow, obstruction of exhaling flow of air in the oral cavity, okay. If it is obstructed at different point in different ways that is at different places of articulations and with different manners of articulations then they become consonant sounds. However, if there are there is very little obstruction and the flow is not totally obstructed then there are vowel sounds. Vowel sounds are fundamental to words, to the to the process of word formation because we see empirical evidence across languages that there is no word possible without a vowel sound, okay. Which tells us vowels are, vowel sounds are fundamental to language, okay. So let us look at some of more places of articulations. We will keep coming back to this picture several times. I do suggest you to take a look at this picture very carefully when you are looking at it at home in your on your machines as well, okay. In this picture we have seen that there are two important places to begin with. One is nasal cavity, the other is oral cavity and this this place uvula is one very crucial organ which is responsible for nasal quality of sounds in the sense that if the air if the flow is allowed to move through this cavity then we get nasal quality in sounds if it is if uvula is raised and this nasal passage is closed then we get only oral sounds, okay. And then we come to other places of articulation where the important ones are going to be look at this. You see this place this place which is called a vealum. You see this place this is called palate. Then things like these which are teeth and then lips, okay. And then right close next teeth you see what we know as alveolar ridge. Do you see this alveolar ridge here and then this is in the oral cavity we have this line as we say tongue. This is the back of tongue this will be the tip of the tongue, alright. So I am only drawing your attention to some of these places which are going to be responsible for large number of sounds again. One more thing which you should look at is this. You see this thing this is called glottis and vocal chords are located here, right. Anybody plays any musical instrument? No? Yes? So how do you get sound out of musical instruments? Vibrations of what? So there are strings in the in some of the or many of them and then when you try to vibrate them in variety of ways then you get different combination of sounds. That is all I can say about them and that is visible. You can see people doing that and then there is underlying system behind that those who know how to do it well they can come up with more combination of sounds. So look at this there are vocal chords located here in the glottis. So these are going to be important places for us to look at. Did we see vocal sounds last time? What is very crucial to refresh is there are only three places of articulations that is we have divided the entire oral cavity into three parts one is back, mid and front. The reason why it has been divided only in three parts is because the obstruction of sound is very minimal.  For mid vowels the little bit of obstruction that you will see is in the in that part and then for front vowels like u and u you see it being some sort of obstructions in the front. And then we have seen according to manners of articulations there are two of them one is a short vowel the other is long. We started talking about vowels when I had asked you questions about how many vowels are there in English and remember we had seen there are five vowels and then we talked about them a lot and we also talked that there is nothing called a for apple remember those things. Now besides that now is the time to look at it more carefully where the distinction between a vowel sound a and a is only in terms of the duration of duration of these sounds and that duration is also relative duration which is if if a is longer then a has to be shorter than that. E if it is longer then the short one has to be shorter than that. So there is no no time defined for these short and long vowels this duration is relative all right and they have been very carefully classified in the classified in the studies of these sounds. Short long short long and short long all three back vowel mid vowel and front vowels have their three longer counterparts and then there are there are more vowels I told you last time that this classification was done long long time ago that was around 2500 BC by a grammar and Panini who studied these things. Does anyone know where he lived where he studied these things last time I remember somebody was telling me about Panini somebody you okay so do you know where I mean this is not just for him anybody can answer this question do you know where he lived where he did these things no that is not very crucial for what we are discussing but it is important to locate it in time and history time and place particularly he studied it in the range of Hindu Kush mountains which are now parts of a north western Pakistan or Afghanistan the idea is probably he studied these things at Takshashila okay or around that area another important part is in these many years 2500 years studies after studies of sound system and anything that we know today in modern science about sounds such studies have not contradicted anything that he was talking about and I think I remember now when last time we before we stopped last time I told you that these sounds are unique sounds in the sense that they are part of all the languages all the languages the languages that were there during time during Panini's time or may not be now or the languages that we have today or may not have been around during time of Panini to crucial examples I to crucial examples are Hindi and English and many other languages that we speak get this thing all right moving ahead now we want to look at consonant sounds in the in the set of sounds that we are going to look at and that are very common in most of the languages that we speak almost all the languages that we speak these are five different places of articulation so in the in the oral cavity you will see the location of these five places which which we have looked looked at and we are going to see that again the sounds that come from vealum remember that place vealum in that cavity vealum in that cavity no we are going to look at that in a moment such sounds are called wheeler sounds palette gives us palatal sound teeth dental sounds lips labial sounds and there is something called retroflex which I will show you in a in a moment. So let us let us let us look at some more on manners of articulations let me first show you actual some of some of these sounds and then this manner of articulation or places of articulation will make more sense okay do these sounds sound familiar when we say car okay let us let us talk about couple of generic things first to establish certain fundamentals and then we look at their classifications according to places of articulations and minors of articulations when we say car is this which which language does this sound belong to is this sound in Telugu Tamil Malayalam Hindi Sanskrit English in a way all the languages that you may be speaking okay and bear with me I am not just counting these languages for the sake of their names or the languages that you may be speaking I am trying to draw your attention to the fact that these sounds are not a specific to a language okay and similarly they are the manners of articulations that you see on the vertical axis. So if car is a wheeler sound it is not going to change depending upon different languages this point making sense the place of articulation the place of articulation is not going to change depending upon different languages therefore we are talking about the process of sound production which are not specific to a language at this point also if I can remind you about the things that we established way early in the beginning that these these are the ways to look at fundamentals of language remember the distinction that we established between language and languages right. So when we look at these things or in in a particular in in these manners then we are talking about language we are not looking at languages all right okay so it will be helpful if you can if you can say some of these sounds and really see whether these we we do not have to locate volume but we can see those areas in your oral cavity whether they are really true or not right you do not have to say it too loudly but you can say it you may you have you have said this sound million times by now by million I simply mean uncountable numbers probably we do not even remember how many times a day we say these sounds right but one more time does not make much of a difference and that time is going to be the time when you are really going to see that these are wheeler sounds that is coming from wheeler. So can somebody say this sound loudly can you say this sound loudly ka ka ka do we see that this is located in this area not not exactly at this point in this area do you see that when we say ka ka do you see any any involvement of lips in that teeth tongue do you see that what is the involvement of tongue in production of ka so this is the place right and this is the tongue back that is back of the tongue right tongue is a is is is long long muscular thing in the oral cavity right it is not very good looking organ in in any sense but we know how it looks right we see that almost every day so and if you if we divide that also into several parts that is tip of the tongue and then you see the sides of the tongue they are called blades of the tongue and then we have back of the tongue I promise you we will not talk about these things any further okay it has all all such parts have huge role to play in production of a particular sound so when we say ka what happens to the tongue back it raises little bit right and then probably it is going to be touching that vealum part in that process it blocks the flow of the air completely alright and then when the release takes place the blocking is not responsible for the sound the raising of back of the tongue upward towards vealum blocks the flow of the air when it is released the sound that we get from that part is called ka and we give them a name it is called vealer sound once again what is important for us again to keep in mind is this is we are not aware of all these things happening we are not doing anything on purpose remember just a moment ago I told you we do not even know how many times we say this sound we have we do not pay attention to this process that we are talking about therefore we do not know therefore we we take a moment to think what what is going on with the back of the tongue and vealum and all that I I do not know so in order for us to be saying this sound ka 100 times a day 1000 times a day we really do not have to pay attention to its mechanism the the motor movement available for this sound however when we look at it in terms of what is happening then this is this is where we get it clear palatal sounds so what was the next one palatal sounds cha once again for a for a for a generic confirmation is this sound available in all the languages that you speak cha now do you when you say this sound cha do you see the difference in place of articulations between ka and cha yes and it as you can see in the picture it is moving forward right vealum is toward the back of the mouth and pallet is almost in the middle so much so that we can we can realize we can we can feel that right there are two parts of pallet one part is called hard pallet the other part is called soft pallet that distinction is not made in this picture but there are two parts of this that distinction is also important for several sounds may not be important for the sounds that we are talking about right now but there may be some sounds in some language which may have palatal sounds which are coming from soft pallet and or palatal sounds coming from hard pallet if if there are sounds which are coming from both of them some sounds from hard pallet and some sounds from soft pallet then they are they are given different names for the sound cha we call it palatal because that distinction is not important here okay and I am talking about only I will I will repeat this thing again I am talking about only five places of articulations because I am I am trying to restrict with this description only to some sounds this is not to say that there are only five places of articulations in the oral cavity for consensual sounds understand there could be more and not could be there are more for other languages okay it just that we are not talking about lot of them here I will at the end of it I will give you some of them some such sounds which will have different places of articulations which we are also familiar with okay just just to see alright so in the production of palatal sounds we have moved forward and now Veelam is not responsible what is responsible is pallet when we say cha right I am sorry for this arrangement now the next we we we leave the next one for a moment okay we go to the dental ones that dental sound is called ta ta do you hear this sound clearly ta can you say that ta right can you give me a word where you see this dental sounds a word with ta tabula very nice thinking is different we say thinking is different let us let us leave this for a moment ta somebody from there tabula is one no I am coming to tennis in a moment remember this these words thinking and tennis both the live okay tail what is the word for tail in Telugu or for that matter Telugu ta right but nobody told me what the word for tail in Telugu you understand tail oil okay do you see the do you hear the sound ta in Telugu that is the sound we are talking about okay now what is the place of articulation for this what is going on with this sound upper teeth right say it again ta say it again pay more attention to this and then tell me what you have said so far is right ta that is fine tip of the tongue which part of the tongue tip of the tongue right has something to do with teeth what does it actually do touching that upper part is also kind of true kind of fine when it does more than that that that is given for all the sounds see this is why we have already talked about obstruction of air in the beginning and now we are talking about a specific mechanism it is just that you need to focus little bit more when you are saying ta that is also true it is true just like it is true for ka just like it is true for cha the difference is because vealum is too far back or pallet is centrally located so when the air flow is completely obstructed we do not feel what you say pressure okay and you and because we are allowing the flow of the air to come all the way toward the front of the mouth therefore you feel the pressure that is given but my nice observation there is something else that is happening which is very very clear nobody wants to say that okay let me say this to you and then see then tell me whether it is true or not the tip of the tongue goes in the middle of both upper teeth and lower teeth when you say taegu tael and tabula does it or does it not you can only feel this when you say this does it or does it not see it is too obvious also in the sense that it is too much in the front right and why you may be thinking that it does not go in the middle of the teeth is also something that I am going to show you or I am going to tell you but first say the word taegu the way we say or tabula or tael or many other words with ta we are not talking about ta like table what can you give me couple of more words with ta T table top we are not saying these sounds we are talking about dental sounds like tabula taegu tael and more do you agree with this thing or you are you are in agreement with this because I am saying so do you see do you feel the tip of the tongue going in the middle of the upper teeth and lower teeth now it is too fast you cannot hold it for long time if it does not stay there for you to feel it see teeth is a very sharp object right at the same time tip of the tongue is the softest thing if it stays there any longer you can understand the violence that can happen you see this thing therefore however that happens every time we say that alright and it is it is observable when you say it say these sounds in isolation you simply say ta ta only then you see it happening when you say words fast because it when you say words fast you do not see that happening obviously because there may be more than one sound ta in a word when we say what say word which may have four or five sounds in it we do not pay attention to the places of articulation of each sounds and a word may have a sound palatal may have a dental may have a wheeler all kinds of sounds are possible in a word remember these things that we have been discussing so far when you put all these discussions in perspective then you see more clearly the generic or fundamental aspects of language that we have discussed so far alright now the ta is a dental sound for that purpose that we are going to see the tip of the tongue in the middle of two teeth therefore it is called dental one more point at this stage we have talked about three wheeler sounds from vealum palatal sounds from palette and dental sounds from teeth in all three of them we see the role of tongue this do we see that the back of the tongue is raised up to touch vealum tip of the tongue goes in the middle of the teeth for dental sounds but these sounds are not named after tongue that has a role tongue has a role to play in most of them but they are named after different places of articulation in the oral cavity alright okay now the last one is labial and the pressure that you mentioned you are going to see that in these sounds more when you say pa when we are we are exaggerating some of the things little bit because we do not say the way I am saying it right now when we say the same sound in a word right how do we say say pa pa what is going on here it is labial sound what is going on here lips what is happening to lips so the so the flow of the air is stopped and released at lips right it is very clear to be little bit more precise in the okay let me say that in the following sense I have to look at couple of other things for you in the more precise way do you see the role of both the lips or just one lip that is upper lip and lower lip both are involved in that right pa can we say this sound pa just with one lip it is just not possible okay therefore more precisely these sounds are called bilabial sounds I have just put labial here for a particular reason but these sounds are called bilabial sounds just to be really precise does this at least make you help the genius of a person who may have done this thing long time ago right it it even now it gives us a sense that we we know these things so well we know all these sounds so well we don't even need to pay attention to these things how many times do we say these things in a day right but when these things are brought to our attention particularly with the idea that somebody paid attention to these things not when French revolution was going on or Indian freedom revolution was going on long long time ago right that that is something something really very striking at least right so the and and one more thing which we should which we should keep in mind and this genius of Panini helps us know at least is human effort to pay attention to intricacies of language even at the level of sounds words sentences or mechanism involved in production of sounds is not new it's not done only for computers it's not done for helping other things it was done simply as an intellectual pursuit for someone's curiosity to understand what's involved in when we speak what happens when we speak this is one question which doesn't strike us even now too commonly I am not saying that people don't pay attention to these things too commonly right there are there are lot of other things that are happening to us and we don't pay attention to them too commonly so I am not saying that sounds are or language is the only thing which everybody should be paying attention to right there are many other things that are happening to us or we keep doing which to which we don't pay much attention but language happens to be one of them I have taken you to through various other discussions about various other aspects and this is again one more talking about Panini is not just to talk about a great Sanskrit grammarian who did it long time ago important thing is so long time ago to such such minute details that it's not just labial it's bilabial and they have given the terms for these these sounds which help us see the precision to which they have worked on without any instrument without any laboratory or I I mean it's easy for us to say from now that probably they didn't even know the concept of laboratory at that time but a lot of times it feels like that will be too much of a claim maybe they did maybe they were talking about other things that we do in laboratory we just don't have evidence of such things anymore right so that that's that is what these precise description tells us about that time now coming back to see more of what this system has done and why this system is called generative system and then what it how it is applicable how such things are applicable to production of others other kinds of sounds but before we go there let's now look at what we know as manners of articulation please look at this chart carefully I don't have grids here the sounds that you see this far these are called oral sounds these sounds are nasal sounds I'll draw your attention to that also in a couple of minutes okay and on the vertical axis we have different places of articulations all right and here you see do you see some something plus minus things these are called manners of articulations they're they're simple things I'm going to just tell you in a moment all right so first all these sounds here that you see on this horizontal axis they're all vealum all of them are coming from vealum they are all wheeler sounds all right and what are they when we say what's the next one when after kha kha and after that and after that all right let's stop there even this much was great right we just saw that this this this gives us a good feeling to understand oh this sound kha has a place of articulation which is called vealum right even this much is great looks looks fine but look at the further details of this what's the difference between kha and kha this is a very simple question that any man can ask you right more air see this thing more air you may have seen this chart many times has people here studied devanagari chart chart you may have seen this chart what I am trying to show you is what you have not seen so far what is what is shown to us what is done to us in schools what is done to us in schools with English alphabet I have already told you right what is done to us with this kind of chart is we are given this thing and we are not given these things that's okay I mean we don't we don't have to blame people right now what I am doing is we are telling you what we are not told ever we are looking at something that is not visible that is not clearly told to us so what's the difference between kha and kha again more air can we say it little bit more precisely when you say more air please pay attention to this we are not denying that there is no air flow in kha it's only more air and that more is kind of visible right and it it's very very simple if you put your hand close to this close to your mouth and say the two sounds you will you will feel more flow of air in the second one kha you see that can you can you do this that please the more is depends on how much more you release but there is more between the two okay this is why and and this is referred in modern terms the terminology that I have used is aspiration okay aspiration so kha is indicated as minus aspiration and kha is indicated as plus aspiration all right so that at least gives us one way of distinction between these two if we are looking at only flow of air right now look at kha so when we say kha and kha there is no flow both of them have similar flow of air but still there is a difference between the two when we say kha and kha there is a difference between the two is there a difference or not kha and kha now if we only put aspiration in picture then it fails to account for the distinction between kha and kha flow of air more flow of air which we know as aspiration accounts for the difference between kha and kha very nicely but again when we want to look at the difference between kha and kha we see no difference in terms of flow of air therefore that parameter fails okay however what we observe empirically is there is a difference between the two so we need to account for whatever is responsible for that difference we need to articulate that right again when we say kha then we see the difference right but what we see is the difference between kha and kha and kha and kha again we do not see the difference between kha and kha in terms of flow of air and we have similar kind of flow of air for kha and kha but still there is a difference between the two am I making sense to everybody so just flow of air that is aspiration is not telling us much so there has to be something more which is which should be responsible for the difference in these two sounds now let us go back to vocal chord what we what we saw in the picture and remember where it is located it is located in glottis right so what's after a after aspiration that you see in this chart it's called voice right voice is the term for vibration in the vocal chord okay if there is no vibration then that is minus voice and if there is vibration then that's called plus voice now this vibration is is very minimal it's hard to distinguish but that is the voicing with that is the that is the vibration which is responsible for the distinction between kha and and kha however hard that may be it's possible where where where do you think will be glottis locate glottis located somewhere here so if you put your this thing here and say the two sounds kha and gha kha and gha kha gha the it's not as nice as it comes out of musical instruments but you do see more vibration when you say gha okay and that's the voicing which makes the difference between kha and gha and also between kha and gha so kha becomes a sound which has no vibration no air kha is a sound which has only more air but no vibration gha is a sound which has no air but vibration and gha is a sound which has both more air and vibration get this thing now if we put this binary distinction of more air and voicing in picture then we can assign distinctive features to each one of these sounds even though the place of articulation is same for all of them so in that case we can say wheeler plus voice plus aspiration and then we know which sound we are talking about we have to say nothing of what we have discussed so far or to put it differently we only need to say that much and that accounts for everything that we have done so far okay so so this whole thing the distinction binary distinctions which we call manners of articulations because it's about more air less air more vibration less vibration these are termed as manners of articulations and different locations in the oral cavity are called places of articulations this may not have been told to us for a reason but when you look at these sounds then you see why are they arranged the way they are arranged okay now since we are looking at this chart I should also draw your attention to one more thing which one of this these five places of articulations that you have seen so far is more audible which sounds that we discussed few a few days ago that children can see more visibly which of these places of articulations is easy to see lips right they are quite in the front it's observable right still when we see the chart and this classification what we see is they are starting at the place which is not visible right what would be wrong if they started this whole chart with labial sounds first in other words my question is can you see the underlying precision unstated fact that this wants this chart wants to tell you without writing or without saying that that's fine that's absolutely true so in labial the that place is lips and in velum that vela that place is velum but why that that is fine true what I am asking is and please look at this question carefully what I am asking is why this arrangement does not start with labial because labial sounds is very easy to see remember even kids start watching movements of lips therefore they end up saying words like papa mama baba right they see the movement of lips they are not really imitating they are only trying to move their own lips as well and they they end up saying these things which we think they are saying papa the child may not know anything about papa what it means or what the word actually means now you see why that might be happening but my question is more fundamental before we stop why not starting with labials first and then velum because labials are more visible and if at anything that is true about velas velum velum is not visible at all so what the person who did this arrangement what is the rational behind that is there no rational or is there is some rational which is not stated but it's for us to see they started the backup very true absolutely true because it has an answer in what you said not not true but not the answer that's also true but not the answer to this question the simple answer is it's not mentioned categorically here but remember what is responsible for production of sounds which air inhaling air or exhaling air exhaling air starts modification where glottis and upward without writing this arrangement tells you that please know that while arranging this this thing in this particular way I know that inhaling air is not responsible for this thing so I am giving you the direction in which the flow of air is responsible for production of sounds you see this thing if we did if someone did this today there is there is no novel prize for linguistics okay if someone did this thing today and talked about all these things I am not sure about novel prize but this must have got them something but this person did not even write the things they knew about trust me this arrangement could not have been possible without the person knowing about these things see see the point that I am trying to make so it's not a coincidence that he starts with vealum and goes to labial is moving gradually from vealum to palette to dental another to lips so he could have gone all all the way backward but not going backward simply tells you that I am talking about the directionality of sounds directionality of flow of air which is responsible for production of sound get this thing there are there are few more things salient features of these sounds and little bit more about manners of articulation that we need to discuss which we discuss tomorrow when we meet at one thank you


Hey guys, it's Nate, aka The Foot Accountant, and welcome back to the channel. Content of FIFA 23 has officially gone wild with EA Sports releasing the Shapeshifter's Promo yesterday into FIFA 23. We have got to talk about the defenders moved to Striker with 5-star skills. We got to talk about strikers moved into the defense. This promo is living up to the hype, and my goodness, I want to try out so many of these cards because they just look crazy and fun. We've got icons and cards with even better links than before as we talked about the premium Shapeshifters impacts and in SBCs as well. There's so much going on. We got to talk about it and also look forward into more Shapeshifter content today on Saturday. If you're excited for the video today, drop a thumbs up on it and of course subscribe if you're new. Really quick, before we get into things today, just a little bit of a heads up. I will be missing a couple of days about Tuesday and Wednesday of this upcoming week. There will not be a video on those days because I will be gone with the misses. Something we go through every year, but I just want to give you guys a heads up just that you are aware and it is communicated well. So without further ado, let's dive into yesterday's content and everything that went on on Friday. It all started with an EA mistake. Add this to the long list. I don't even think we have a paper long enough to list all of the mistakes that EA has been making recently. They added these footchamps rewards with 91 plus e-figs and e-figs slash minor league tots, three players packs to the 14 and win and above threshold in weakling rewards. And those cards were accidentally placed as tradable and they are able to be bought and sold on the market. If you check in the market and you come across a foot champions card on the market, that is the reason why you're seeing this right now. We've got Shunmen Sun 94 rated red as 2.4 million coins listed up on the market right now. These cards were tradable as they should not have been and they were of course able to be listed up on the market. So EA took those packs away. I think they actually just had the wrong pack in place. I think it was supposed to be the blue cards for the tradable packs and maybe for the unshradable rewards at 14. It was supposed to be the red cards. I'm not entirely sure, but whatever the case is they had the rewards mixed up and currently if you take a look at these higher ranking rewards, there are no packs inside of here like a team of the season 91 plus packs. They're not in there. So we're waiting for EA to reinstate those. So if you don't see those from your weakling rewards, that is the reason why one of those big EA mistakes once again that just is like what is going on in this game right now that is causing all of these mistakes. So that was the first thing, but a lot of shapes here if there's content dropped on yesterday's game as well. Of course, we're going to start with objectives because this is flying under the radar, but this is massive for all of us. The XP that was dropped yesterday inside of this shape shifters to objective we have 1000 2000. We've got 5000 XP inside of here that you can get done by playing 15 matches using a shape shifter player in your starting 11. That's actually helping. I think some of the shape shifter prices probably going to fluctuate and move because people have to be using shape shifter cards to get this XP. And we all know that XP is so very important as we're progressing through the season. And with all of this dropped yesterday, this 5000 XP here, you've got more XP with a 2000 group reward inside of this. I think people are actually able to get up to level 20 or almost to level 20 with all this XP that has been dropped. Now, I'm nowhere near that. I'm a little bit behind. I got to get some of my objectives done. I actually just claimed the 84 times five, which will open at some point in this video. But make sure you follow the objective grind because there is a lot that is coming out there. Also an objective is we had a Mitrovich center back card three star four star high medium six foot tooth. I just noticed the work rates. I thought he was medium high. He's high medium. That's very interesting. Of course, for a center back, usually you want that high defensive work rate 99 strength and heading accuracy. Kind of a fun card once again to get through an objective. I think I was even getting this done by just playing with a few primary cards in my weekend league team. That's just again, that's just the premise of this shape. If there's promo, as you guys know, and as we're going to talk about, it's just crazy and it's fun. So that's an easy grind and we're a fan of that. Now, the bigger content, probably the biggest content of the day yesterday was in S.B.C.'s. And it's not with this Thorgan hazard, but we'll talk about this Thorgan hazard first. Of course, as we found out early yesterday, our league for Ed and hazard was incorrect. Foot sheriff leaked Ed and hazard, but it was actually Thorgan. So we got hazard is the name we're guessing as the league, but it was actually the brother to Ed and not Thorgan. But anyways, or sorry, it was Thorgan. Anyways, four star, four star, high, high work rates. This is a premium shape shifters card, which means he is very linkable. If you want to use an heir to this team, all you need is Javi Simons. You can get links to him with this hazard card, a lot of different links. And I like how these premium cards, if you notice, there's a pink and a green outline around the player. If you take a look at some of the other cards released as well. I think that's a kind of a cool touch, great from the design team at EA. This SBC is only 75,000 coins. If you want to use Javi Simons or any other heir to busy cards, this is a very kind of like a must needed card to put in your squad. And it's kind of cool that he's position changed to left back. So that's a WSBC in my book. Just not a W for everybody. The real WSBC is this Dyote up a McConnell and I did this one. It's in my team. I'm having a lot of fun with him right now. It's 430,000 coins. But it's just, again, you see a card like this and you're like, wow, this promo is just crazy. 95 pace, 92 shooting, 93 dribbling, 94 passing, 96 physical. He has high medium work rates and he is five star skills. He even has the finesse shot trait. I think I hit a finesse shot with McConnell yesterday in game. High in stock, he body type. I mean, guys, with an engine, this card is, he's pretty, pretty good in game. I would say he is kind of a similar type of vibe as a Zidane type player.  He's really good and he's really fun to use. It is a bit expensive, but he is French. He's got the buying links and this one is very highly upvoted 78%. A lot of people are doing the Super McConnell. And I think the reason why it's so hype is because he's very linkable. It's from a big team and he's kind of a meta FIFA card, even as a center back. But now the fact that we have him as a shape trip through as well. There's a lot of hype there and you can tell because prices on the market of those Bundesliga cards, specifically those Bayern cards went up a lot yesterday. Moosial is back down in a million coins. He was like 1.08. Delict is up over a hundred K. He's like 900, I think and nine like 50 or 60 right now and he was 830 K yesterday. So he's up big. Some of the other cards like Alfonso Davies and some of your other Bayern specials went up a good amount because of this. But that card yesterday was an absolute W. I mean, I think there's going to be more W shape ship their SBCs to come. And I'm super excited for that because this is a great start. It really, really is a great start. Yeah, one goal scored one assist and he's just really, really good in the midfield. So if you're looking for an SBC to craft this week, that might be a one that you could go ahead and go for. I'm excited to see what other shape ship their SBCs come out soon because with the potential that's there, it's very, very high potential for just some fun, crazy cards to use. Now, let's talk about the team that is in packs. We've got icons. We've got premium cards and we got the regular shape shifters. It's a W promo team. Now, is this going to be the best shape shifters team that we have? I hope that it's not because honestly, I feel like the cards that are in packs for the shape shifters team like VVD, Rudiger, the pie Bruno Fernandez and Mars. Those are all really great cards. Don't get me wrong. But I think there's another level up on some of these guys. Remember last year we had Hyunmin Sun, we had Messi and Edd and Hazard all in. I think the first team that were released, this feels like a little bit of a step down, but we've got icons this time around. Specifically our first 99 rated card in the game, 99 Pele, left wing, right wing. You can play left and right side. He's five star, five star, crazy, crazy card. W dynamic image, of course, basically extinct on the market apart from a couple that have popped up right there. But this team in general, guys, I'll say it is pretty packable and there's a good mix of some cards in here that you might not often try, but with some of these stat boost you kind of want to. Sheraldo Becker as a center back, four star, four star. He is lengthy on basically every chem style. And also I think he's got a little bit of extra hype to him because he is a premium shape shifter's card which means he gives double league boost chemistry. And I think a lot of people are using Becker with McConnel and trying him out just because he looks pretty cracked with 91 pace, 94 defense and 93 physical as a striker moved to a center back or CDM, right? He's got that position change availability there. So like I'm saying, there's a lot of good cheap cards in here. Toko Akami looks really good. I actually packed him yesterday. Eric Bayi for 80K looks really good as well. Even the icons, man, right card. I packed a right card yesterday. Five star skills on this card. He is lengthy. I think I put a hunter on him and he's still lengthy and he's super fun to use. He's kind of just like glitchy with how he feels in game. And that's the excitement with this team guys, right? We've got really big W boost in here. We've got a striker, Rutiger, right? We've got a bunch of attackers that have been moved to defense.  It's just crazy with the cards that we got. It just is kind of like mind boggling, but it's also fun at the same time to see these cards at least on the game and say, wow, I'm going to use a Bruno Fernandez that is a bunch of pace and five star skills on the wing instead of using him centrally like you most often would or the Rutiger, right? Striker, Rutiger, I picked one up about an hour ago for 700 and 5,000 coins or something along those lines. And he is up a good bid. But just a card like this is like, yo, I want to try this card because it looks crazy. 99 finishing attack positioning. Sorry, 99 shot power long shots and attack positioning on Rutiger. 99 composure and reactions with 99 aggression. Like I just want to try this card out with a five star weak foot as well. He looks so crazy. And that's the fun that we are having here with this promo. It's not realistic at all, but welcome to content on FIFA just going wild and changing. Now one thing I will tell you guys, these cards, they hide in the back of packs. I packed Rycard yesterday. He's in my team and I packed him out of an 84 times three pack. He actually walked out of the pack at the front. I got to see the animation because he was the only walkout in the pack. Now 84 times five. Let's see if we get anything here. A lot of times these guys do not walk out because they kind of sit behind in the walkouts. Well, I'm getting an 85. So probably not a shapeshifter in this. Wow, that's a woeful pack. That is a woeful pack. Goodness. Okay, well that level five reward was not super great for me. But just kind of check out if you're opening packs this week, just check the back of every pack that you open because there might just be a shapeshifter at the back. You never know. So that's what I'll say about that. But that's kind of also something we wish we wouldn't have happened. We'd like to see these cards walk out because it's better that way. But again, guys, you look at this team and it just looks like a lot of fun. I love the cheap cards. Frank Kowski looks really cracked. A lot of people are saying he's on par with a Diaby type of player. He's a premium item. So he gets those decent links as well. You know, DePai looks crazy. Van Dyke was extinct at 5.7 million. Now he's 8 million coins. You got a price range update. He is ridiculously overpriced. And again, that's how this team is kind of set up. We got really cheap cards that are fun to try out, like the Eric Bayi, like the Frank Kowski. He's pretty cheap, like the Becker. Then you've got really expensive guys like Pelé. You've got Van Dyke and of course Bruno and Márez being very, very expensive. The icons as well. Socrates looks absolutely amazing. I don't know if you guys are looking at any of these cards and saying I want to try any of them out. Socrates looks cracked. Hiero looks pretty good for a 50 or 60k card as well. Van Percy with two versions. We kind of like that. And then like I mentioned, Rycard, he's fun as well. So I got nothing against his promo team. Do I think it could level up? Yes, but I think this is a really, really solid team. Now, a little bit of information about Shape Shifters because EA actually told us a lot on their webpage. They have told us that this is going to be a three week promo, right? The mini release is going to come Sunday, which we'll have more on that in a second. And there's going to be a second team launching next Friday with the third team the Friday afterwards on June 30th. So it's a three week promo, not a four week promo unless they rerelease cards and packs, I guess you could say, but probably by the end of this point, we're going to be looking towards the potential of a summer heat promo starting in July. It would just make sense if that were to come after this Shape Shifters promo. So that's kind of the timeline. It's going to be a longer promo, but that also brings the potential for really good content. I want to show you guys this image that EA is using on their website to kind of talk about premium chemistry. They're showing basically, this has to be Kevin De Bruyne, right? Manchester City in Belgium, and then also a Brazilian from Real Madrid with the premium links. I don't know if this is just a concept or if this is EA actually teasing something that's to come in a future Shape Shifters team. I feel like there could be better players released in these promos as we move on throughout them. So I'm pretty excited for that as well. Now again, it mentions in here that there's a mini release to follow on Sunday, June 18th. And if you look at team one on their website here, you're going to notice that there's a lot of cards in here that are in packs that are missing, right? Where's Eric Baye? Where's Frank Kowski? Well, they are in packs right now and it is believed that EA accidentally released Orselini, Eric Baye and Frank Kowski early. Like these were supposed to be the mini release cards. That is the leak from FIFA U team and it makes sense because their website does not show those three and those are in packs. So once we get to tomorrow, we'll kind of figure it out. If we're going to get more cards or not, if we don't get any more than these three because they're already in the game. So we'll have to see what happens there but that's the promo team and that's basically everything that dropped yesterday on this game. Now with everything that dropped, let's talk about the market a little bit because it's not like we had crazy, crazy price movements yesterday. The market's not crashing by any stretch of the imagination right now. A lot of prices are kind of just in limbo. Yes, there are cards that have gone up. We talked about it, right? A lot of the buying links have gone up because of the up Makano and there's a lot of hype there. And yes, some of these shapeshifters are drawing a lot of hype, which is moving some prices. But for me, when I look around and look at a lot of Tots cards and guys, if you bought stuff for your team this weekend and in the past week or so, you're really not losing a lot of coins right now unless you maybe bought one of the two or three unlucky cards. It has dropped off a good amount. Leao, I think is hurting a little bit right now. He's like 2.4 mil. Kavicha's down a little bit. A lot of these guys are kind of in the same range, right? De Bruyne's still 500. Messi's still 3 mil. Salat, 800K. Jude's down a little. Militao is up a little. And really, I feel like the market's not going to get hurt as much right away. I couldn't see these prices as we've been saying on the top tier. I feel like the top tier of this market right now is where there's the biggest potential for drop-off because we've got a lot of really insane top tier shapeshifters like the VVD, like the Rudiger, but especially the Mara as being 5 star, 5 star and the Bruno Fernandez being 97 rated and the Icons being out as well. There's more potential for the top tier to have bigger drops in my opinion because people with the coins are going to want to swap to these new most meta cards in the game as a part of the shapeshifters team. So I think if you're on a lower tier budget, I think you're still pretty safe to be trying cards out and playing weak and league with them. Again, just be careful. Don't hold on to them forever. But it's not like we're seeing an immediate market impact on most of the market because of these shapeshifters and the ones that have dropped. Now, that could continue to change though. We'll just have to see based on the SBC content that we get and that's what it boils down to now and I want to look forward into the future next. Of course, we've got so much potential with the shapeshifters promo, right? We saw on that little screen that EA had added to the website a maybe a KDB and maybe like, I don't know, Vinny or Rodrigo or a Militao shapeshifters. Guys, the potential for shapeshifters is unbelievable, right? A striker, Harry Maguire is somebody is something that everybody wants in this game. That could be content that is still upcoming. So again, who knows? We don't get a lot of leaks, right? I mean, we had a few leaks for the promo cards and we knew a few of the names before yesterday but it's not like the leaks are coming out as crazy as they were during like team this season. Seems like they're a little bit more delayed, a little bit slower, which I think is a W but also, you know, just kind of something to take notice of. Maybe we don't get leaks until right before that second team is going to come out or before an SBC is going to come out the day of and then you don't have as much panic as long before that, so the drop offs are steeper and kind of more pronounced. We'll have to see. So that kind of just depends on what the content is that is upcoming. Now, speaking of that, we do have one leaked SBC player that I think might be today because we had a shapeshifter, Upamakano yesterday. Maybe he is going to switch it up today on Saturday and go with a shapeshifter icon SBC. This is a most likely SBC leaked by foot sheriff, Zambrata. Super interested to know where he would play. I think Zambrata has already had an SBC this year, right? His prime was released. His prime, of course, you can play it right back or left back. This card will be really fun to use and potentially really, really meta in the midfield. He could also be a center back, but a CDM Zambrata, I think would be really, really nice. And I think this has the highest percentage chance of being part of our content today on this game. Can you imagine this Zambrata card, 5 for 11, the four star skills, five star week foot already. Imagine a 5-5 Zambrata in the midfield, right? They boost his dribbling up a good amount so he can be, you know, he's not that tall, 5-11. So maybe he'd be a bit more quick and shifty. They boost up his pace a little bit more too. That could be a really, really good card and a really great SBC. So watch out for that one coming today. And, you know, we'll talk about fodder with SBCs as well. Fodder right now is kind of doing what we thought it was going to do, right? We had those prices dropping yesterday on the lower tier as expected. 82s are back down to 850. I was paying 1.9K for them to build up 83-plus player picks yesterday. 83s are 2K, 84s are 4, 85s are back to 8,000 coins. Now, your top tier on fodder is really not down that much. 88s are still 18, 19K. They did go up a little bit yesterday. Not Hollen because he's now back into packs, but let's look at like Tony Cruz because he's been in packs so his price wasn't inflated. These guys did have a bit of a spike yesterday after constant with people doing the up Makano and with people doing the icon player pick that returned. The icon player pick expires tomorrow on Sunday, so I'm not expecting that to come out today. But I would say this high tier fodder is still prepped for a higher rise in the future because we don't have all those TOTS cards impacts anymore. So, if you have high tier fodder, I would be holding on to that. TOTS cards, like I still have invested. Some of you guys have been asking me, when should I sell my TOTS cards? I've still got them. I'm still holding on. They're like 37,000 coins, I think. Oh, they're still going. How much are we at? Oh, my goodness. Are we at 40K? 39K for Odomendi. Did we actually go to 40? We are at 40,000 coins for all TOTS cards in this game. Yeah, guys, we're holding the line because these can only go up unless EA release a tradable TOTS pack out into this game, which they could do. But for right now, 40K for this, it shows no signs of stopping at the moment with how fast they've gone up this year. We might be in for even bigger rise later on this week. So, I'm holding those. But if you want to invest in low tier, it's looking like a good opportunity to buy these again. 85s at 8K are great. 82s, under 2K is preferred. 84s, under 4K is preferred as well. It just really depends on what we get today. If all we get is Zambrasa and he's decent value, that might make some of these cards drop a little bit lower into tomorrow and Sunday where we can pick them up. So, we're watching that situation very closely, but it is the weekend. It is fodder time as well. Now, I want to make a good point. I want to make a point about stuff in the store. And I'm going to quick sell this tottage so I can get to the store. They dropped a pretty crazy pack yesterday. It was just the first of two, though. I think it was the premium shapeshifters pack that dropped yesterday, 400,000 coins. And it's got a pretty sizable chance of a shapeshifter player, 41%, 20% of a premium, and 25% of a shapeshifter icon. You know, we talked about in yesterday's video that 83 times 60 is called the elite premium or the elite shapeshifters pack. We already had the premium. It's the elite one, right? If that drops today as well as a part of content, that will be massive because that would be a pack that a lot of people would like to open and you can only imagine how high the percentages are going to be on some of those shapeshifter cards. So, I would be very careful today, you know, with this game. I'm not saying that's going to kill the market off by any stretch of the imagination because a lot of times people are opening those with FIFA points and less people are opening those with coins and it doesn't hurt the market that much, but that will be kind of a game altering thing to see on this game today. So, watch out for that. And then I will say this, can we get a cup mode EA because we've been used to a cup mode every single week for the past six weeks and there's been something to grind. I know we have objectives in here and I know that there has to be some gameplay and there has to be some other random things that you do inside of this to get these XP boost. But I will say this, without a cup mode or without some other sort of friendly to grind comparing to what it has been, it's probably going to seem like there's nothing to do this week of shapeshifters if we don't get something like that.  That could be something that comes out today as well. Who knows? But I got my fingers crossed for that one. And yeah, market-wise as well. Yesterday was a good day to trade. It just, it was all about timing, right? Van Dyke was extinct on the market so I picked up his team of the year at 1.26, sold that for a good price. That's the caca we won't talk about. We sold them though. I bought a Bruno for a three mil flat. I didn't make too much here. I bought a Depai for 700, sold that a bit early. Two ride cards I bought in the first hour for 340 and 356. And then this was the big moneymaker. Mares, I bought at 2.23 on stream, played a game with him, scored a hat trick. I think it was a hat trick or at least scored a couple goals and then sold them for 2.8 mil. And I did pick up a Rudeger tonight at 7.05 because I do think that some of these shapeshifters will have some fluctuations into the day today on Saturday. All I would say is expect a normal Saturday, right? A early rise on the shapeshifters as people gotta go out and try them because they're just fun cards. But then also I would expect their prices to drop down later into the night, Saturday night and into Sunday as they normally do. But let me know down in the comments what you thought of shapeshifters, what you're thinking of this promo and what you hope to see today on Saturday in this game.  It's been Nate for the channel. I'll see you guys on the stream today. Peace out.


What's going on everybody welcome back to some breaking news and we have some massive outs from the Monte Carlo open some big upsets overnight Including the world number one. Let's go see who else is lost All right, so we started with 16 seeds at the start of the week now We have some big outs starting with the 16th seed Garin He lost the city pass in the third round 14 seed Dmitrov lost in a dial in the third round 13 seed her catch Second round lost to Evans 12-seat Karina Buster also lost in the third round 10 seed Gail Monfise pulled out before the tournament started Number nine seed Batista a goo. He lost in the third round to Rubelev the eight seed Baratini He's out in the second round Schwartzman number seven seed also out in the second round Alexander's Vera the number five seed he got upset by David Goffin in the third round number two seed Daniel Medvedev He withdrew before the tournament started and the biggest upset of the year not only the tournament But the year Novak Djokovic lost in the third round of Dan Evans in straight sets So some massive names have fallen overnight including the number one in the world Novak Djokovic He was on a 10-match win streak in 2021 first loss of the year and he loses the unseeded Evans But even though we have some of the big seeds falling out. We do still have Nadal We still have since he passed on Rubelev so some big names are still in there But in the quarter-final stage we're missing a lot of those big names like I said including Djokovic Who is probably the biggest upset of the year? Let me know down in the comments below Is that the biggest shock for you or do you think someone else is a little bit more shocking? Do you think maybe he's very of losing to goffin is a little bit more of a shock for me? Djokovic hands down biggest upset of the year not just the tournament but for the year We're starting to get to the business then a Monte Carlo and the seeds are starting to fall


Hello everyone. I'm Daria Zbulska. I'm the Director of Programs and Evaluation at Wikimedia UK. I'm dialing in from London today. I'm here to give you a brief framing to this talk about Western bias and cultural content gaps on Wikipedia. If you've been participating in this year's Wikimedia for the last few days, I can imagine you're very tired.  However, here we are to talk to you about more gaps. We want to present to you the results of a research that Wikimedia UK funded to attempt to quantify visual arts gaps across various language Wikipedia's. Part of Wikimedia UK's strategy for the last few years has been to share knowledge created by and about underrepresented people and subjects. Many of us have a broad sense of what that means, what counts as underrepresented knowledge, but as our work develops at Wikimedia UK and as we focus more on decolonisation, we wanted to support a research that will give us more deeper understanding of underrepresentation. Across Wikimedia this year, there was a number of talks about gaps. For example, from the research team at the Foundation talking about the Knowledge Gaps Taxonomy Project. There is an overlap with this work, although our approach is more immediate. We are here to present some results to you today. Also, it's special in that it's combining cultural expertise to have qualitative understanding of the underrepresentation and also Wikimedia technical skills to quantify our findings. So it's now over to our researchers to share with us what they found. All right. Thank you very much indeed, Darian. That was a lovely introduction to our project. So my name is Waqas Ahmed. I am actually artistic director of an organisation called the Khalidi Collections. The Khalidi Collections is one of the most culturally diverse private art collections in the world. And the reason why I give you my background is because it's through the work that I've been doing with Dr. Martin Polter on digitising and sharing more content from the collections onto Wikimedia and Wikimedia platforms. It's through that work that we fully appreciated the extent of this cultural gap relating specifically to the visual arts. And in identifying what we intuited to be quite a major gap, we felt the need to design some research to further investigate this and to also identify some areas in which we can have some immediate impact. So that's a little bit of background on that. Moving on to actually our research, which as Darian mentioned is both qualitative and quantitative, starting off with some of the qualitative dimensions. Just a surface level kind of survey of Wikipedia and Wikimedia platforms will give you an indication of how this bias is quite obvious. Especially with regards to the visual arts. So if you were to look at various art related articles on Wikipedia, you'll find certain lists and many of those lists pertaining to the arts include like list of sculptures, list of painters by nationality etc. And as you can see from some of these points on your slide, it is predominantly and rather ludicrously Western or European oriented, huge disproportionate which you can see pretty much immediately just by looking at some of these lists. So I'm just going to highlight a few more of these just to give you an idea of the kind of scale of this. So if you look at for example, list of contemporary visual arts, if we can go back to that one, if we can look at the list of contemporary visual artists, of course there are contemporary visual artists all over the world, many of them are great renown and have produced great quantities of fantastic work. But this list is currently 80% European which is hugely disproportionate. And then if you look at things like list of national museums, non-Western national museums, even those amongst the most visited in the world, for example the Brazilian National Museum, have relatively short insufficient articles often without collection galleries. So even when there are articles or there is reference to non-Western art institutions or cultural institutions or artists, it's often highly insufficient vis-à-vis of their Western counterparts. Same goes for list of single museums and there are quite a few other similar lists. But this is just to give you an example. But then giving you some more specific examples if you move on to the next slide is right here. So yeah, if we look at specific artworks, right, masterpieces many of them like to call, many of us like to call them. If we look at the city and chapel ceiling which of course is considered a cultural wonder of the world and a masterpiece by the artist Michelangelo. It's obviously been highly covered across Wikimedia platforms as you can see here on Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, Wikidata, a lot of resource there. But if you look on the right hand side, the Blue Mosque, the Blue Mosque can be considered a kind of well not Eastern counterpart but at least Turkish or Middle Eastern counterpart where not just the Blue Mosque itself which of course is well renowned but the ceiling of the Blue Mosque was also painted or designed by Alhubari who is an equally celebrated artist from the Ottoman period as Michelangelo was in 1560th century Italy and yet not very well known at all. And if you can look at how it's reflected, the reason why these two examples are comparable is because they are almost equally visited as tourist sites and they have a comparable amount of touristic visitors and they are considered national treasures in their respective countries. So if you look at the, there's no Wikipedia article at all currently about the Blue Mosque ceiling and there's no Wikidata entry and of course there are images of it primarily taken by tourists but if you look at this, this is an example of such disproportionality and bias and move on to the next, we'll go on from masterpieces which we looked at but on to actual masters i.e. the artists themselves. So if you look at here obviously one of the most well known masters in the art and culture sector is Leonardo da Vinci and with Leonardo da Vinci you can see quite understandably he has a phenomenal amount of information and coverage on Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, Wikidata. Sushi who a few of you will know actually was an artist and also a polymath much like Leonardo da Vinci i.e. he operated in various fields to a very high level Sushi operated for almost 500 years before Leonardo da Vinci and he is considered a national treasure and cultural icon much like Leonardo da Vinci is in Europe and Sushi of course is from China and as you can see here there are major disproportionalities in terms of Wikipedia Commons and Wikidata coverage so this again just to give you an illustrative example of the masterpieces and the masters in the western world vis-a-vis the non-western world and their coverage on Wikimedia platforms is hugely disproportionate these are just some qualitative anecdotal examples just to illustrate and bring it to life but of course we went into greater detail in terms of the quantitative analysis and the data analysis around this and it was highly revelatory and Martin will give you more information on that. Okay thanks very much Rokas I'm Martin I'm a Wikimedia in residence at the Kaledi Collections as well and a general consultant so Rokas's examples are great for particular topics or particular articles which seem this seems really unbalanced really to be prioritizing European western often Christian culture and we were interested in is this a feature of the whole thing is it just a feature of those topics or is it a feature of English Wikipedia are the different platforms showing a different amount of imbalance the way we measured this was to draw up lists of a hundred western artists and 100 non-western artists so for these these from all other cultures and similar lists for masterpieces and what we're reporting here is the comparison of the the artists so we could ask the different platforms how much do you have about this particular topic this artist so I didn't ask personally I wrote software which asked the different platforms the 300 different language versions of Wikipedia and also looked at Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons and getting a ratio so we compared the total coverage of these 100 highly notable western artists against the total coverage of 100 highly notable artists from other cultures and the number I want you to take away from this one number if you remember one thing from this presentation is seven so for Wikipedia as a whole seven times as much coverage for the western artists as for the most notable artists and these are the most acclaimed these are definitely notable artists they're significant within their cultures they're just as important to those people as Leonardo da Vinci or Ruskin are to European or English culture but there are interesting variations and the preprint of this research is linked in the etherpad there's lots of tables you'll see the lists there of the different masterpieces and artists so we take a ratio the resulting number is a measure of how pro-western the coverage is by our criteria so a smaller number means more global in coverage and a bigger number means more focused on the western visual art we've done this as I said for all 300 versions of Wikipedia just some major ones are listed here and I said it's seven for Wikipedia as a whole but there is variation so you can probably see that the towards the top of the table the bigger numbers tend to be European languages and towards the foot of the table the more global tend to be Asian languages so the question is is English Wikipedia particularly biased towards western art actually no English is a surprise it has a ratio of four so it's more it's more global than most of the other languages and maybe that's a ceiling effect maybe English Wikipedia being the biggest Wikipedia is so big that they've kind of exhausted what there is to write about western art that's one interpretation so English we've discussed seems very much to prioritize western European art but it's actually more global than most other Wikipedia's surprisingly Thai is the most European Thai Wikipedia has much much more about European art than art from other cultures of the world surprisingly we did this for wiki data as well accounting the database statements about our artists and it's four times as much for the western artists and we looked at files on commons so there's 21 times as many files images relating to art of these western artists as there is for the non-western artists and so there's lots and lots of these tables in the paper so if there was some sort of equality you could say that's not knowledge equity in itself but it's on the way to knowledge equity we've taken sets of a hundred we haven't looked at the whole entire coverage of visual arts and all wikipedia and there are limitations in this research but all limitations tend to underestimate how much these platforms privilege western art so if anything we're underestimating the gap between the coverage of western and non-western visual art briefly maybe we'll all discuss that what can we do emphasizing cultural partnerships so there's things that the wider cultural heritage sector can do releasing images releasing cataloged data there's things we can do on wiki there are red lists lists of articles to create we hope our paper will be a basis for that putting more non-western art into the vital article lists that guide the creation and just translating translating existing things and in Wacass and our work with the Khalili collections we've bulk uploaded a lot of non-western art from these fantastic private collections and there's an example there on the screen so this is a great opportunity but there could be more there could be more involvement from museums and institutions worldwide so that's the end of the presentation but we very much welcome questions and feedback and like I said the paper itself is linked from the etherpad so in the three minutes we have left let's try and tackle some questions people just started sharing them on etherpad and Martin I copied the first one onto our chat you can see if that's something to respond to and there's so lots of these artists have at least one image in both sets we didn't have much for there was a problem with the masterpieces in that there's so little coverage or so few images of what we've defined as the non-western masterpieces that we kind of get a divide by zero when we try to calculate a ratio so that's why we've focused here on the artists the method of the qualitative research that was used so yeah just a comparison of the scale of the bite size of the article sizes for those things so it's intermediate between looking at one artist in their coverage or one topic which could be just a fluke or looking at the totality of artists which is really hard to define what's the totality of artists in China versus Europe what's the comparison set just a quick word about sorry just a quick word about qualitative research how do we arrive at some of these lists of the western and non-western well the western canon is very easily documented very widely documented across the literature and there are many top 100 lists which we compared in cross-reference etc it wasn't difficult to get to arrive at that the non-western was much more difficult to arrive at because there's no such real list authoritative list exists so we made an attempt at one not in ranking order but just to provide some kind of indication of the substance and the regard and how well celebrated these artists and these masterpieces were in their respective cultures vis-a-vis how as Martin said how well the western are as well so some discretion and personal expertise or professional expertise was used together with a variety of sources online and through the literature and we might have time for the last question which links to what we want to have as a call to action to everybody listening so should institutions focus on adding more content to wiki data or comments which one would have more impact and also Martin maybe you can say what people our listeners can do if they're interested in helping out institutions just opening up their catalog and images putting them under free license so giving Wikimedians permission to reuse them in Wikipedia articles on wiki data that would be a great start even employing Wikimedians and residents would be a great start for that kind of work and on wiki well yeah we can we can take what exists and remix it and maybe there's an opportunity to refer to a potential task force Martin or Daria do you want to talk about that? yeah please do sign up we want to build a task force we've got to the end there's a task force on the ether there's a link on the ether there's a link on the ether


You can help a child improve their understanding of uppercase and lowercase letters by playing a matching game. For this activity, all you need are some little cards or pieces of paper in two different colors. Then, you can write uppercase letters on one of the colors and the matching lowercase letter on the other color. You can place the uppercase letters down, making sure to spread them apart a little to give some room. Then, you can give the lowercase letters to the child and ask them, can you place these lowercase letters next to their matching uppercase letters and the child can match the letters.