Are you an indigenous storyteller who likes to delve into the dark? Consider submitting a story to the open call for Never Whistle at Night, an anthology of indigenous dark fiction from Penguin Random House, edited by Shane Hawke and Ted Van Alst. If they accept your story, you'll be published alongside writers such as Owl Going Back, Rebecca Roanhorse, Shiri Dimaline, Tom Orange, and others. Find all submission details at ShaneHawk.com forward slash submit or neverwhistleatnight.com But I didn't want to put that on hold to do other stuff. Also, I needed content in the worst way, but I made it! I made it! And today, we are talking about a new release that should be out today. If the link isn't down there in the doobly-doo for you to go check it out when this video goes live, it will be shortly because, like I said, it comes out today. Now, this is not a Halloween themed story. In fact, it's more of a not really Thanksgiving, but Christmas themed kind of deal. And it is called Black Friday and it is written by my friend Todd Kiesling. I'm making you very aware of that upfront that Todd is a friend of mine, a very, very good friend of mine. We talk on a daily basis. He formats all my, I pay him, but he formats all of my books. He does. He's even done art cover artwork for one of my limited editions. Fantastic dude. He mentioned that he was going to come out with this on Halloween. I was like, I want an early copy please. And thank you. And he was nice enough to send me one. Now, I have been, I have fanboyed over Todd's work and I have given him a critical review. I fanboyed over Devil's Creek and I gave him a critical review for the three reconciliations. The last reconciliations. I can't remember the title. It's a riff on the yellow king, the king in yellow, something like that, which I'm not wholly familiar with. So maybe that was another reason why it did not go off for me, whatever. But today we're talking about his novelette Black Friday in which a retail worker has to deal with zombies. That's pretty much, that's the setup. That's the pitch. And that's the home run for me. I enjoyed this for the subtext, the characters. I like the characters, the dread. I knew something bad.  Maybe no one is going to make it. But I enjoyed the subtext here more than maybe the actual storyline. Storyline is about a Doug, a retail worker who is in love with and in a relationship with Jenna, who is also a retail worker. Doug gets her a ring and is going to propose to her on Black Friday. Or maybe it's the, he buys the ring during a Black Friday sale and he's going to propose some other time. But anyways, that's a very important part of the storyline. That's why the ring is on the cover. Another thing is, if you grab this story, get yourself a barcode reader also. Each chapter break, or it's not really chapters, it's more of a page break. Each page break has a barcode and you're going to want to scan those barcodes. Last, I would say the character of Thomas, I enjoyed the character. Of course, this is one of those stories where you know what's going to happen. I will say that. I'm giving it 4.5 stars for that. I'm going to round it up to five on Goodreads because I love the story for what it was. I like isolation horror. I like horror with subtext. I'm not a huge zombie fan, but the Santa Claus part. The Santa Claus part is in the actual description for the novelette, so don't add me if it's in the description. I like the Santa Claus bit. I just like the overall story because it didn't really focus on the zombies. You had other things there. Very heavy notes of Don of the Dead, Romero's Don of the Dead, even Snyder's Don of the Dead. These zombies were a little more dangerous than just the shambling corpses for Romero. It was more like a Zack Snyder Don of the Dead kind of vibe. Not that they were running everywhere like a World War Z movie, not the book. The black blood, that kind of thing. It was all very reminiscent of Don of the Dead, and there's the consumerism culture. One of my favorite lines is, I believe it's Thomas says, we worship a day of shopping. That really struck me. These aren't ideas that I've not seen before, these are ideas I have seen before, but I like Todd's delivery and I like the way that he did it. I really like the story, blew through it, burned through it. I think you'll have a lot of fun with it, especially if you like subtext in your fiction. There's some overt subtext, there's some lighter subtext. I really enjoyed digging deeper and that's what I like with Todd's work is he always gives you something below the surface. He gives you the surface level fun and then he gives you something below the surface and I believe any good read does that. So yeah, I'm giving Black Friday my recommendation. I suggest you guys go out and read it, not only because Todd is my friend, but because I honestly enjoyed the piece. In fact, if you want to see me be critical of Todd, I'll link my review. Todd's probably watching this cringing, but I'll link my review to the final reconciliation. I remembered it. I'm so sorry, Todd, so I remembered it finally at the end, the final reconciliation. At least I hope that is. Now I'm judging everything I say, but yeah, go out and try out this short story. I will link to it down there in the doobly-doo. If you want to come back afterwards and tell me what you thought of it, I would love to hear from you, but that's it. The final episode of 31 Days of Halloween, I am done. I'm still going to be shooting videos. I'm not sure if it's going to be daily, but we're done for the month. My subs are through the roof. I got over 500 new subs this month. I say over because they don't really tabulate by the day. It's a couple days off. My revenue tripled. My engagement did drop in half, so y'all get down there in the comments and leave me comments and I'll talk to you. Ask questions. Just have chat. All that kind of stuff. If you're just like, this book is great. I'd probably just go in and heart your stuff and move along, but engage with me. I'm here to talk to you guys. I'm not here to make money, so the tripling of the income does not balance the lack of engagement for me. I need engagement. I like engagement, so engage with me, please. But until next time, I have an E, you have an U. This has been the finale of 31 Days of Halloween. I'm so happy this is done. I'm so happy I made it. I'll talk to you guys later. Bye-bye.


screens are showing the countdown. Also the path that Landau Vikram will take as we are moments away to see that touchdown happening. Chandrayaan 2 is an Indian lunar mission that aims to improve our understanding of our closest neighbor, the moon. Discoveries that perhaps will contribute to national development and also serve humanity as a whole. These young students have participated in the space quiz and they are here to witness the historic event. At ISRO, as the boundaries of India's capabilities in space continue to expand, the Honorable Prime Minister of India, Sri Narendra Modi, encourages exploration of space potential and also application of space technologies to help ease of living. Prime Minister in his monkey bath address had invited students to participate in space quiz. His appeal had got an overwhelming response and today, apart from the scientists and other stakeholders, we have students not only of India, but also of Bhutan to witness the soft landing of Chandrayaan 2 on the south polar region of the moon. So what makes Chandrayaan 2 special? This is the first space mission to conduct a soft landing on the moon's south polar region. The scientists here at ISTRAC are glued to their systems, analyzing all kinds of complex data. India is at the brink of creating history.  A very good morning and welcome from the mission operation complex of telemetry, tracking and command network and unit of Indian space research organization ISRO located in Bangalore in the southern part of India. My name is Radhakrishnan and I have with me my colleague Dr. Alok who will be bringing to you the live coverage of the Chandrayaan 2 mission in English and Hindi. Today we are all awaiting anxiously to witness the final face of critical and most technologically challenging mission operations of Chandrayaan 2 where in Indian lunar lander named Vikram will be making the soft landing on the surface of the moon. We are approximately 28 minutes away from this important event. For the viewers, just a quick update on the Chandrayaan 2 mission. Chandrayaan 2 spacecraft is a composite unit consisting of three independent modules named an orbiter, a lander called Vikram and a rover named Prakyaan which is housed inside the lander unit. At the time of launch all these three modules are held together as a single spacecraft called Chandrayaan 2 and the total mass of Chandrayaan 2 at launch was 3,850 kilograms. As you are all aware, launch of Chandrayaan 2 spacecraft took place on 22nd of July on board India's heaviest GSLM R3 launcher from Satisdown Space Center at Sri Hori Kota. The launcher has successfully placed Chandrayaan 2 into an elliptical transfer orbit around the earth. Subsequently, Chandrayaan 2 composite module raised its orbit around the earth by using its rocket propulsion system in preparation to move from the earthbound phase to the lunar transfer phase. Now if you look at the overall sequence that has happened since the Chandrayaan 2 was inserted into the orbit, the Chandrayaan 2 spacecraft was eventually captured into an orbit around the moon and later it performed almost four lunar bound manoeuvres and lowered its orbit to almost 100 kilometers around the earth. You may be aware on 2nd of September, which was five days ago from where we are today, the orbiter and the lander module were separated from each other and the very next day after the orbiter and lander module got separated and the lander wikram module performed two de-boost operations just to move the orbit from an orbit of 100 by 100 kilometers to an orbit of 30 kilometers by 100 kilometers around the moon. So as on date where we are, where we are almost 26 minutes away from the launch and the orbiter module is rotating at an orbit of around 100 kilometers around the moon and we have the wikram lander module which is moving in an orbit of 30 kilometers by 100 kilometers. And since the launch of Chandrayaan 2 on 22nd July, today is the 40th day when landing is expected to take place. So right now we are around 26 minutes away from the start of the most important crucial powered descent operations and once this powered descent manoeuvre is initiated, it is expected to take roughly around 15 minutes for the lander wikram to make a soft landing on the surface of the moon. I will tell you for your information that to get off this descent and the lander module, approximately 84 minutes ago, the lander module was sent to the lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander module of lander This journey has reached its final stage. If we talk about this complete journey, then only if we talk about the lack of challenges, then on the other hand, the self-confidence and technical leadership of Chandrayaan 2 and this long journey of 40 days was full of challenges, imagination and imagination. I believe that self-confidence and technical leadership have never been lacking. That is why today, the Indian scientists and their research is on every level. That is why this research, after a long wait, came to an end today when we were going to complete our research with a history that will prove to be a milestone in the coming days. For any scientific and scientific nation, that day is very meaningful when it is ready to take steps in the direction of the technical and scientific path of the future. The desire to be aggressive on self-confidence and intelligence like the sound of the sound of the sounds is awake in the heart of every Indian with Chandrayaan 2. At this time, we are seeing this magnificent view of the inside. With great patience, every Indian scientist has made a deep impression on his eyes. Every eye tells a story in itself. The countdown is at minus 22 minutes. Two seconds to go. After 22 minutes, you will be witnessing the power descent of the Vikram Lander module. As I just mentioned, the Lander module is presently orbiting in an orbit of 30 kilometers, Periloon, which is the lowest altitude from the surface of the moon. And the Apolloon, which is the highest point of the orbit from the surface of the moon is around 100 kilometers. And once the descent operation starts, we expect to take roughly around 15 minutes. And some of the important events during the descent phase, which we will be covering in the subsequent point will go closer to this particular activity. But before we do that, just to get an update on the orbiter module, which has been orbiting in an orbit of 100 kilometers. As you are all aware, the total mass of the orbiter module is 2369 kilograms. At launch, we had the composite module of Orbiter and the Vikram Lander, which was 3850. So the orbital module now got separated from the Vikram Lander as a mass of almost 2370 kilograms. And out of this total mass, the mass, the orbiter, the fuel the orbiter carried was almost 1683 kilograms. So eventually, if you look at the capability of the orbiter, almost 70% of its mass is the fuel. And the primary reason for requirement of such a large quantity of fuel is basically to raise the orbit from the Earth to the Moon and then lower it down very close to the Moon. As I already mentioned, when the spacecraft was injected in an orbit of around 39,000 kilometers around the Earth, eventually the orbit using the propulsion system of the orbiter was raised to 400,000 plus kilometers to get captured in the sphere of influence of the Moon. So the orbiter module has a single engine which has performed nearly 10 orbital raising and lowering maneuvers. And in the process, if you look at it, it is almost operated for nearly 10,000 plus seconds, which is quite a substantial time as far as the number of times and the duration for which the thrust was fired. So orbiter, in addition to all the technological elements and the challenges, has eight scientific pollutes on board and which are primarily meant for several scientific purposes, namely carrying out the three-dimensional mapping of the lunar surface, chemical composition, high resolution imaging of the landing site, mapping lunar craters in the polar regions in addition to the study of lunar exposed sphere. So the life of the orbiter right now is around one year in orbit, as it will be orbiting around 100 kilometers from the surface of the Moon and as I mentioned, several scientific measurements. So the countdown is now minus 19 minutes. So on your screen, you can see a plot of the time when the Vikram is going to descend from an altitude of almost 30 kilometers. It's going to cover nearly 600 plus kilometers at touchdown, and we are very close to that particular event to happen. As I mentioned, during the power descent time, it will be several phases over which the orbiter will be brought down to the lunar surface. So this is a single event where we just reduce the velocity and go to a lower altitude. It will be going through several phases of orbital altitude reduction and the velocity reduction, which we will explain as we come closer to this flight event. At this time, we are almost at the distance of 18 minutes when the Vikram will begin to descend or to descend. There are many important questions about the Moon's growth and development. The evidence of the water there was found by Chandrayaan Vann and we will be able to find out how much water the Moon has and how much water the orbiter has. The southern part of the Moon is particularly interesting because the large part of the orbiter lives in the upper part of the orbiter. There is a possibility of water in the areas where the orbiter lives in the lower part of the orbiter. In the southern part of the Moon, there are cold craters and craters which can be recorded in the lower part of the orbiter. You can see on your screen Dr. B. N. Suresh Dr. T. K. Alex These two great scientists in India can be called Sambh who has created a special planet in the rocket and in the orbiter. If we talk further there are many different countries like India. There was Astro-Sat, Mangal Kakshatramishan, Chandrayaan Vann and in the coming years there are many other countries where you will be able to see these kind of countries. There is an orbiter which will destroy the Moon and the Earth and the Moon will destroy the lander Vikram Vikram lander The lander Vikram was created for the first successful landing of India on the Moon. Pragyan rover It is a six-legged rover named Pragyan which is taken from the word Sanskrit. It is a rover which will launch a successful landing on the Moon in the far south of the moon. Pragyan rover will be taken by the first Indian scientist Chandra. It is the first Indian who will collect information about the Moon with the help of the developed scientist, We are witnessing the arrival of Honorable Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modiji, who has just arrived here at the Mission Operation Complex. He will be amongst us to witness today's important historic event when Vikram Landar will be on the surface of the moon. We will be moving to the dignitaries gallery. We are witnessing the arrival of Honorable Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modiji, who has just arrived here at the Mission Operation Complex. We are witnessing the arrival of Honorable Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modiji, who has just arrived here at the Mission Operation Complex. We are witnessing the arrival of Honorable Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modiji, who has just arrived here at the Mission Operation Complex. We are witnessing the arrival of Honorable Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modiji, who has just arrived here at the Mission Operation Complex. We are witnessing the arrival of Honorable Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modiji. So today we have amongst us nearly 84 plus school students who are here in the Mission Operations Complex. We are witnessing the arrival of Honorable Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modiji. We have the view of the Mission Control Centre at the Mission Operation Complex. We have the view of the Mission Control Centre at the Mission Operation Complex, 29,000 km around the Earth. So once the orbit of the Chandrayaan-2 was 39,000 km with a parity of 170,000 km. As you can see on your screen using its propulsion system, it performed four earthbound manures to raise the orbital altitudes in preparation to enter the lunar transport trajectory and then go to the lunar orbit. So right now what you are seeing is the orbit of Chandrayaan-2 being raised around the Earth and once this is done the spacecraft has entered the lunar transport trajectory phase and it is proceeding towards the Moon's orbit and very shortly you will see the Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft has been captured in the sphere of influence around the Moon and it will start orbiting with an altitude of almost 18,000 km by 120 km. And subsequently using the propulsion system of the Chandrayaan-2 which is the orbital module, the orbit was brought down to an altitude of almost 100 km. In the process of bringing it down from 18,000 to 100,000 km around the Moon, it performed nearly four orbital descent manures and you can see now the orbiter and the lander Vikram will get separated and eventually the Vikram lander module using its propulsion system has brought down the altitude to something like 30 km by 100 km. So as I have mentioned repeatedly the Vikram lander module is presently in an orbit of around 30 km by 100 km. 30 km is the minimum height above the lunar surface where the power descent operations will be starting and I think we are very close to the event when the Vikram lander thruster will be initiated roughly around six minutes to go before we start the power descent operations. Yes, we are about seven minutes away from where the descent is going to start and from where the clock will start when we will start to get down from the altitude of about 35 km. For those of you who have not followed this event from the beginning, I would like to tell you in brief about their information. On 24th, 25th, 29th July and on 6th August, 5 manures were done in the Earth's orbit in which about 584 kg of space was transferred to the Earth's orbit. In total, 364.254 seconds of space was transferred to the Earth's orbit where the space was transferred. After that, on 13th August, during the Trans-Lunar Injection TLI, 186.8 kg of space was transferred to the Earth's orbit and 188.3.9 m of space was transferred to the Earth's orbit. In the space of the moon, in the orbit, there is a number of fetters that are in the orbit area of the moon. These are called Lunar Orbital Insertion or LOI. And on this number, they are transferred to the Earth's orbit by the Earth's orbit and transfer them to the Earth's orbit. Then on 20th, 21st, 28th, 30th August, on 1st September, because we are only five minutes away from here and every small event is taking place at this time. And when we reach the moon in the morning at about 35 km, at the same time, the orbiter will be at the top of the planet so that we can get the image of it. So minus three minutes 53 seconds before we start the power descent operation. Just to give a quick update on the way the total power descent operation for the Vikram Lander would be carried out. The descent operation would, as you can see on the screen, we are at three minutes to go before we start these operations. So Vikram Lander would commence from an altitude of 30 km and once this descent operation has started, it will be for a duration of nearly 15 minutes before it touches down on the lunar surface. And the Vikram landing sequence is achieved through an autonomous landing sequencer. And just to give an update, the final state vectors and other parameters have already been loaded into the Vikram Lander four hours prior. So it's all ready to go and start its operations. So as per the power descent plan, it's expected to start at one hour, 38 minutes, Indian standard time. As I mentioned, we are just less than three minutes now. And this entire power descent operation will be carried out in four different phases of operation. Namely, the first phase, which is the phase referred as rough breaking phase, will bring this spacecraft from 30 km to an altitude of almost 7.4 km. The second phase after the rough breaking phase will be attitude and absolute navigation control phase, which will enable the spacecraft to travel from 7.4 to 5 km. And then immediately we will have the third phase of operation, which is the fine breaking phase, where we bring down the spacecraft from 5 km to almost at an altitude of 400 metres above the surface where the landing is supposed to happen. And eventually from 400 km, the spacecraft will not have any forward moving velocity. It will be only used to have a vertical descent for a touchdown. So the final phase of operation after the fine breaking phase will be the terminal descent phase, where the Vikram Lander will be brought from an altitude of 400 metres to 100 metres to 60 metres to 10 metres and finally the touchdown. As we go through these operations, as I mentioned, it will be 15 minutes of descent operation. Once the activity is initiated, we will be bringing you some of the flight parameters and the status of how the total operations are going on. So each of these phases during the power descent are very critical and important in its own way as it has a very specific objective and the goals to be achieved during the entire phase of operations. So maybe another one minute, 19 seconds to go. The further update as far as the descent operation is concerned, the Vikram Lander has four main propulsion engines, each generating a thrust of nearly 800 newtons. And out of these five main engines, the four engines are throttable liquid engines, which means we will be able to regulate the thrust of the engine like increasing the speed or decreasing the speed of the engine to achieve the required de-boost velocity. Another 48 seconds to go before this de-boost or firing of the engines. The four thrust engines, throttle engines are carried out. Yes, there is a bit of tension here because we are very close, about 32 seconds. When Vikram will be lowered slowly, but the most important thing is how to reduce the weight of the engine which we can call a rough braking phase. And during this rough braking phase, we have an odd throttle engine which can reduce the thrust of the engine. There are four engines in four corners, in four corners. And this is how an 800 newton engine is placed in the middle. And we are very close to the start of the Vikram descent. And the rough braking time will be very close. At this time, we will gradually reduce the thrust of the engine. Yes, the descent phase of operation for the Vikram lander has just been initiated with the firing of the four liquid engines, which I was mentioning, the four throttle engines. The activity has just started. And right now we are at 35 seconds since the engines have fired. And just to give an update, the Vikram lander, when it was in an orbit of around 30 kilometers, when the descent operation started, it had a velocity of nearly 1,640 m per second. So what we are going to do through this entire phase of 15 minutes of operation when the power descent will be done is to make this orbital velocity of the Vikram lander from 1,640 m per second to almost 0 m per second so that the spacecraft could land on the surface of the moon. So the activity has just initiated. As you can see on your screen, the view of the Mission Control Center, which I am Minister and Director of URSC. And Dr. Suresh briefing the Honorable Prime Minister about the flight event that are going on. So the time elapsed is almost one minute, 28 seconds. So. So almost two minutes, 20 seconds. And we expect this rough breaking phase which was just initiated to last for nearly 10 minutes. During which time the velocity, the orbital velocity with the Vikram lander possessed of the order of 1,640 m per second should reach to something like 140 m per second at the end of the rough breaking phase. So basically during this phase it's a real brute force of operation where we are trying to kill the velocity which the spacecraft currently has making it revolve around the moon with an orbital altitude of 3500 km. So I am seeing on my screen that the velocity from 1,680 m per second has come down to almost 1,300 so nearly 350 m per second velocity for the Vikram lander has been reduced. Three minutes have elapsed and maybe another next seven minutes we should have quite a substantial reduction in the velocity to ensure that at touchdown we have almost near 0 m per second velocity to ensure that the Vikram lander has a soft landing on the surface of the moon at the very desired landing site location. So we are right now in the rough breaking phase of operation nearing three minutes 39 or 40 seconds and almost I would say 480 m per second velocity has been reduced which is a clear indication that the entire operations during which the four crottable engines are being fired has been performing absolutely nominally and the reduction in the velocity and the down range the range it has to after the descent operation has started it has to cross almost a range of 600 km before it lands at the predefined designation so I am seeing a very close match with the pre-flight and the flight prediction the velocity of the Vikram lander has come very close to 1,100 m per second so almost to 500 m per second velocity reduction has happened in just four minutes so another six minutes to go before we reach the mission objectives of the rough breaking phase Yes, almost four minutes have passed and it will take six more minutes to reduce the velocity at this time, all the crottable engines have been running from the surface of the moon to ensure safe and safe landing this is the biggest challenge for ISRO because this is the first time that ISRO is going to launch Propulsion, on-board computers, sensors, Structure, Mechanism, Thermal all these things will be possible and the most important thing is that all these crottable engines are running smoothly and at this time, many sensors are being used according to the needs of the lander and on-board computers are being used to help the lander to land on the surface of the moon approximately 949 m per second we have reached if we talk about it, approximately 700 m per second have been reduced that is why we are very confident that our propulsion system is very advanced and it is giving us a lot of confidence at this time, we have taken about six minutes and in the next four minutes we will be able to reduce the speed approximately 140 m per second so almost six minutes have elapsed since we started the power descent operation and we are still in the rough braking phase in the next four minutes to go and if I look at the velocity that has dropped from the time the power descent operation was initiated nearly 50% of the orbital velocity has been reduced so we started with 1,680 m per second presently the Vikram lander is descending towards the lunar surface and it has a velocity of 760 m per second so we expect in the next three minutes the velocity should come down to something like 146 m so on your screen you can see the plot where we have on the x axis the down range and on the y axis is the altitude so I think altitude has come down quite substantially now we are almost maybe in the range of 20, 10 to 20 kilometers the velocity also is very close match with respect to the preflight predictions which clearly indicates the four throttle-able steering engines which has been basically designed for this Vikram lander for the first time has been performing extremely well and as per the plan the timeline is going very precisely 7 minutes 34 seconds maybe another two and a half minutes to go and we have almost touched 630 m per second so maybe another 500 m per second velocity is what we expect to get it reduced at the same time if you look at the down range it has traveled quite close to the landing site now just we are maybe 75 kilometers away from the actual landing site when the manual was initiated we were almost 600 plus kilometers and quite a velocity and I think it has been getting reduced quite substantially one thing I would like to just mention here during the descent phase of operation as I mentioned the rough breaking phase is the real brute force of velocity reduction and since we are trying to bring an object from an orbiting around the lunar surface to have a touchdown there is a need for us to reduce the velocity it's something like breaking and quite eventually the job is being done now maybe it's around 450 m per second and another 2 minutes plus to go in fact I expect I think when we reach an altitude of almost the target for this particular rough breaking phase is to attain an altitude of 7.4 kilometers when the velocity should have touched almost 146 so maybe another nearly 2 minutes maybe 1 minute to go 4 engines are still in operation when we reach an altitude of approximately 7.4 kilometers the absolute navigation phase will start and it will be very powerful at this time the lander will be slightly bent from its axis and at this time all the scientists will be able to see 3 vertical velocities and the down range is approximately 18 kilometers away from the landing site and at this time the data of the imager is also being downloaded the communication system is also available at this time you will be able to see on your screen that all the scientists are able to see little by little at this time you will be able to hear 210 meters per second and the rough breaking system the rough breaking phase is almost at its last phase its finished so we have finished the rough breaking phase now because the target for that was 7.4 kilometers and the velocity was nearly 140 so the Vikram lander has successfully successfully completed the rough braking phase and now we have entered the the next phase of operation which is the absolute navigation or attitude control phase and this particular event is going to last for nearly 38 seconds and the four throttle engines are continuously on and we see the velocity is something like 86 meter per second and roughly 4.43 kilometers away from the landing site so all going well just awaiting the announcement for complaining yes the rough braking phase has been successfully completed and we have entered the next phase of braking operation which is the fine braking start which is going to basically commence from 5 kilometer altitude and this particular operation is going to last for nearly 96 seconds wherein the Vikram lander will be reaching an altitude of just 400 meters above the landing site for initiating the vertical descent operations so we are almost 11 minutes 52 seconds after the descent operation has started just awaiting the announcement for the end of fine braking phase maybe another few seconds we should hear the announcement that the fine braking phase of operation has been completed and we expect at the end of this the vehicle to reach an altitude of almost 400 meters and the velocity right now if you look at the plot we have the Vikram lander has a horizontal velocity of nearly 48 meters and vertical velocity of 60 meter per second fine braking just waiting for the confirmation for the fine braking end after the completion of the fine braking end we will have the vertical descent operations where the spacecraft will be moved from nearly 400 to 700 kilometers down to the lunar surface we're just waiting for the confirmation the spacecraft as we see on the screen is showing the horizontal and vertical velocity of nearly 48 and 59 meter per second so we have the mission control center now once we have the updates from the from the mission control room we will come back to you so we just are waiting for the we are just waiting for the updates from the mission control room so please stand by so we have the mission control center so so chairman is raw just giving briefing to the honorable prime minister of India so looks like they are just looking at the flight data all subsystems and the orbiter operations are on in fact at the end of the fine braking phase the Vikram lander should have been at an altitude of almost 400 meters and if you look at the plots we are seeing that the dust most reached close to a kilometer from the landing site we have reached very close to the landing site maybe the chairman of ISRO gave a message to the prime minister slowly slowly now coming down from the coast you can hope for any announcement as soon as possible in a few moments we will reach to the end of the fine braking phase we will reach to the prime minister slowly slowly coming down from the coast we are just awaiting the red changed, red changed RF RF orbiter confirmed SSR is receiving data so from ISRO you were looking at the space center of Bangalore and at the moment there is no announcement but as it seems there are some challenges in front of it and the data is not receiving what is the meaning of this this is what we will try to understand at the moment we are waiting for the space center of Bangalore that some announcement will be made there because as it seems it has been put on hold we are waiting for the announcement both of our guests have been made Ajay Lele and Vijay Kranti Ajay Lele is waiting for some announcements but what do you think there is some tension there and we are also looking at the body language but because there are no announcements so it may be difficult to say anything from my point of view, we cannot say anything because it is such a situation that until there is no official announcement you should not reach a conclusion but the mission was 15 minutes of terror more than 15 minutes have passed then we will have to wait for the official announcement of what exactly happened with the mission the last trajectory of the project was deviated from normal we saw this beyond my point of view there is nothing more to say let us wait for the official announcement Vijay ji, what is the meaning of this there is some deviation this is what we were looking at that the red rickha is going on it was that what is expected on which line there will be a movement and the green line we were looking at that was actual the deviation between the two we will have to see at what height if it is at a very low height then the landing because it has a very autonomous system when it was separated from the landing then the entire system was autonomous because when the signal goes from the earth to give the command it takes a lot of time and it happens that you gave the command and it complied so that duration is very long that is why the system was left on the autonomous it was auto that auto system the crisis situation the last stage how it has been handled and we will be able to tell this now we hope we all pray that the entire system our own auto system it will work when it is properly read right, Dr. Lele while we are awaiting this data from the lander Vikram and of course anxious moments for all of us here but try and help us understand that there were two sides that had to be identified by Vikram the lander there was also an alternate site here so could that alternate site come to the rescue now of the lander Vikram here and that could help in bringing the deviation back onto the track to explain this to us I think at this point in time there could be two broad conclusions leached one is that as you were saying that there are two options of a landing site so if the first site which was supposed to be a straight site that means the lander was supposed to directly go and land at that site if the lander would have thought that that is not an appropriate slide then it was supposed to change the course of its mission some more time to do a major assessment of the second site so that is one option the other thing is that there could have been certain problems with reduction of the velocity because if you see the entire velocity pattern and that was a big challenge that was the big challenge because when the things have stopped the velocity was to my mind almost less than 50 meters per second when you are going to land the system the velocity was supposed to get reduced by 50 meters per second or actually in case of a landing almost zero so how challenging Dr. Lele could this have been reducing the velocity from 50 meter per second to 2 meters per second because there is a huge gap the possibility that something may have gone wrong or the other possibility is that the lander was trying to change the landing site and there could have been certain glitches so this is what it appears from what we have seen but I still feel that let's wait for the official announcement so there were two components when the soft landing began there was the rough breaking that of course has been completed successfully and there is the fine breaking the data which we are all awaiting from the ISRO center in Bengaluru and of course from the Vikram the lander for the benefit of our viewers and all of us explain to us what these two stages actually mean the fine breaking and the fine breaking and how important is the fine breaking now going to be in making sure that this mission Chandrayaan 2 is successful and reaches its logical conclusion you see the entire activity was supposed to start at 35 kilometers and subsequently the mission was to reduce the velocity from 35 kilometers within 10 minutes the mission was supposed to come to a height of around 7.5 kilometers as the mission was making a progress it was pretty evident that first 10 minutes were exactly as per the requirement so I don't think so that any sort of a deviation was there during the rough breaking phase so now when you are going to a fine breaking phase there are different time zones which were there from a particular height to a particular height that means from 7.5 kilometers there was a certain time say around 60 to 65 seconds all those times were predetermined and based on those times the mission was making a correct progress but the problem which appears to have happened at a very large stage where the fine breaking mechanism appears to be having maybe there was some mistake over there and the desired format of a fine breaking had not happened that's what it appears as of now both are in this situation because we don't have windows that we are seeing what do you mean by this? you see this will tell us what are actual windows because what we have just seen is just a electronic signature what has actually happened there we don't have any imagery of it so we cannot say where the lander is because until you have an actual imagery as we call it a television image then you won't know that the lander is there or the lander has already gone fallen down can't say anything until you get that information the information you have is that it appears that it should have landed it definitely didn't land so your trajectory shows that the actual trajectory from there your mission has been to another trajectory and your velocity that needed to be less the last windows didn't have that much velocity which was needed for a safe landing so we will see why the velocity wasn't less did the lander take the decision to change the original landing to go to the other landing site and while deciding to go to the other landing site and the entire journey there was a difference between the first landing and the second landing so there is no mistake so there can be two or three probabilities where there can be any problem Vikram lander descent was as planned and normal performance was observed up to an altitude of 2.1 kilometer subsequently the communication from lander to ground station was lost the data is being analyzed repeat, Vikram lander descent was as planned and normal performance was observed up to an altitude of 2.1 kilometer subsequently the communications from the lander to ground station was lost the data is being analyzed Dr. Lele, help us understand this we are of course seeing those visuals from the mission control room there and awaiting signals from the lander Vikram that began its descent towards the lunar surface of course to short while back time should we all wait for you know before we can have the data that is of course being analyzed and the trajectory we saw some deviation there what sort of an impact you know a large impact would you say or a minimal impact would it have on the soft landing of the Vikram lander you see as far as the indications which have been given by chairman Isro broadly what he is indicating is that after about 1 kilometers of the altitude there is no connection that means either yes that means there is a possibility maybe I am thinking slightly differently that there is a possibility that only communication has broken down but the system could have performed better but this is just to be more positive about it but if you really look at the entire statistics and the entire details which has been provided by Isro earlier from 5 kilometers to 400 meters the descent was to take place and that was supposed to take place in 89 seconds and subsequently from 400 meters to 100 meters the descent was supposed to take place then to 10 meters so almost last phase if I calculated correctly from 5 kilometers onwards half of the things were achieved because it has reached to a height of around 2.1 kilometers and subsequently we have got no information whether the process has happened correctly for reaching to 400 meters then to 100 meters and then to 10 meters so we have to wait and really see because at 400 meters it was supposed to collect data and hover over there for certain amount of a time if they wanted to change the landing site so we really do not know because 2.1 kilometers is quite a bit distance from the moon surface particularly to come to any definitive conclusion as far as this landing is concerned okay okay let's once again go back to the Isro center in Bengaluru in fact much before he was to arrive at the Isro center in Bengaluru he had touched down at the Bengaluru airport to witness this historic moon landing we are seeing of course Mr. Modi speaking with the team of scientists there at the Isro center in Bengaluru Mr. Vijay the way the Prime Minister said he would do it again be courageous he said be courageous i.e. we have to wait and wait for the to wait for the to wait for the to wait for the to wait okay okay okay okay okay okay okay okay okay okay okay okay okay okay Okay, Mr. Kranti, let's hear in what the Prime Minister said. A lot of things have been given to us. So, hope for the best. Mr. Kranti, I congratulate you. You have done a very good service. You have done a great service of science. And you have done a great service of human beings. We have been learning a lot from studies. Our journey will continue in the future. I am with you all the time. With courage. Mr. Kranti, I congratulate you. The country will start making happiness again. I am proud of it. Wish you all the best. Thank you. The relationship is broken. And I hope that the relationship will be restored again. So, maybe some information will come forward. But along with this, despite this, the Prime Minister has sent all the scientists. And he has said that the country is proud of you. You have come here. No matter what the outcome is, but ultimately, this was such a big event. It has reached here. We have to wait for the final outcome. But we can still say that this is an achievement. You will see it in any form. Take it. Mr. Vijay. Yes. Look, what we are talking about now. Landing is one part of this whole project. The other part that we are not discussing is the orbiter. The orbiter is designed to keep its probe for at least a year. It is working perfectly. There is no harm in it. Now, if there is a sensor, I am calling it a sensor. It is not a problem. Now, the gunjaish is a sensor in the lander. It does not have communication. I was saying earlier that the system is already autonomous. It will manage the landing itself. And that is a tag. What is your name? She is from Pundicherry. Pundicherry? Yes, sir. Okay. And you are on stage? Sir, I have one question. Sir, how do we get motivated? I mean, this and this are different. So, when the kids are new, they are very excited. Because when the risk is over, or later, their support is very low. Sir, what will you give us? What strategy will we make? What is our determination? I will tell you. First of all, this is a very big goal. A small, small part should be shared. And what we have achieved, should be joined together. If you have missed it, you should forget it. Yes, sir. Otherwise, what will happen to it? It should not continue. It should continue. If it continues, it will be destroyed. Sir, thank you. Sir, one question. Sir, if my aim is to become president of India, what steps should I follow? Why not Prime Minister? It's a Prime Minister. Thank you. Sir, I have a question. Many students are interested in space. But don't get opportunities to come there. What can you do for introducing more opportunities and chances for them? I will find out this time. Sir, one question. Sir, if a person scores 40 and another scores 100, surely the one who gets 100 would be better. Why is the situation in the United States? Because there is no depth. Now it's going to be a lot better. Prime Minister, you were talking about children. You were talking about success and failure. The children asked their questions. But the big news of Vikram Landry is that the relationship has broken. The Prime Minister said to the scientists. He has increased his strength. The Prime Minister said, we will travel ahead with the help of all of you. Ladies and gentlemen, if the communication starts again, then a lot of things will be given to us. So, hope for the best. I wish you all the best. You have served a very good country. You have served a great service of science. And you have served a great service of human life. We have learned a lot from this lesson. Our journey will continue ahead. I am with you all the time. I will go with courage. And your encouragement will make the country happy again. I too am confident. Wish you all the best. Thank you. Thank you. We will continue to travel ahead. I am with you. We will reach the country with your encouragement. And we will get a chance to make you happy ahead. What do you mean by this? Let's try to understand it. Let's go straight ahead. Let's go to Bangalore. Let's go together. Both of us. Aisha Khanam and Saad Saad. Shubhendu is also with us right now. Shubhendu and Aisha. What do you mean by this? Shubhendu, let me start with you. Yes, Ashok. The information that is coming from here. The update that is coming. It is not pleasant. I won't say it in a good way. Because the chairman of ISRO Dwara and Prime Minister have also said that when the two-kilometer road was left in the descent, with the lander and lunar surface, the road was getting signal for two kilometers. After that, the signal was stopped. Some people were watching the trajectory. There is a red line. We are understanding that the lander should have got the trajectory. But it has also deviated from that. The face of the fine breaking, the heart breaking and the fine breaking were taking place. There were many phases when it was coming down from a very high altitude. The phases were getting better. The braking was getting better. The trajectory was getting better. But there is a very fine distance of two kilometers in space exploration. There was a signal to the distance of two kilometers. After that, the signal was gone. Data is still being analyzed. But the way we saw the body language of the scientists, we feel that the objective of soft landing is not being confirmed. Data is still being analyzed. There is no camera to see what happened to the lander. The data is given to the orbiter. Because the orbiter works well. The data is being analyzed.


Welcome to the advanced option strategies module course on iron condors We've reached the advanced option strategies in general the strategies in this module Involve three or perhaps even four options at a time most traders will take at least 9 to 12 months before they can get to these kinds of strategies So what is very important is that you need to understand the dynamics of first of all the foundation strategies Which is the four simple basic options and once you've mastered that you have to master spreads You probably would want to be in spreads for a cup for a few months and get comfortable Exactly with how spreads work then you come into the advanced option strategies module the strategies in this module Generally involve a combination of Two or more of the spread modules itself except for calendars. We'll see that the calendars are slightly different But for example the iron condor, which is one of the most popular strategies of options traders Involves two out of the money credit spreads. So the iron condor is what we call a non directional strategy So which means this strategy can go either way it can be bullish or bearish or rather The stock can go bullish or bearish. It doesn't matter The iron condor is constructed with a bear call spread and a bull put spread Each one of these spreads are an out-of-the-money credit spread So if for example, Apple is trading at $600 you could construct a bear call spread at 650 and you could construct a bull put spread at 550 one spread is $50 above Where Apple's trading and the other spread is $50 below and the goal is you're giving yourself a hundred dollar range


Okay, we made it through all the stuff in your head. We made it through all my pharynxes in the back. We made it through the larynx where we make sound and the trachea. And there's only one trachea, my clowns. There's only one. And look, here it is. Here's my trachea, here's my larynx, piece of cake, right? And up here, this is my epiglottis. Everything's good, right? Everything else is contained within the lungs. So look, my trachea. How far down does it go? It goes far. And then it does this amazing thing. It bifurcates. What? Holy bifurcation. Trachea bifurcates into two tubes that look like little tracheas, but they're not. And we're going to talk about them next. They're bronchies, but the bronchi are contained in the lungs.  And inside that lung, you're going to have all sorts of structures. And that's where we're going next. Now the lungs are contained in a cavity. What cavity are they in? Dude, take your pick. They're in the thoracic cavity. What other cavity are they in? They're in the plural cavity. So watch and be amazed. So amazing. This whole thing, do you agree? This whole thing is my thoracic cavity. Hey, did we even talk about one of the coolest things ever, which we haven't? Okay, I can't help it. I feel like I'm in physio right now. What is this? Okay, this is separating. Oh my gosh, for real. This right here is separating my thoracic cavity from what? What is inferior to the thoracic cavity? The abdominal cavity. I can start drawing stomachs and livers down here. This is abcav. Superior to all of that is thoracic cav, thoracav. And who is this guy? Who is that masked separator? It's the diaphragm. But don't say the G because it's not pronounced like that. It's just spelled like that. So the diaphragm is actually a skeletal muscle that we will know and be able to identify. And when the skeletal muscle contracts, it actually increases the volume of the thoracic cavity. What else was in the thoracic cavity? What other cavity is possibly in here? The pleural cavity. Okay, now watch. The pleural cavity is just like the peritoneal cavity. But there's no retro pleural. The pleural cavity contains the lungs. Now watch and be gloriously excited. I'm not going to do it that way. I'm going to do it like this so that you can see that we have one piece of pleural like membrane. Look, can you follow me? Can anyone follow me?  Let's try this pink. Whoa. What did I just do? That pink really blends in with my lung. That's okay because you can see that I'm drawing something different, right? That actually isn't bad. What is this pink thing called? This pink thing that is covering the lung, the organ in the pleural cavity. That's the visceral, yeah? Easy pleura. Dude, how money is anatomy when things make sense? So who's this guy that's lining the pleural cavity which is essentially half of the thoracic cavity? This is the parietal pleura. True story. Now, you want to know something even more amazing? Inside here is the pleural cavity. It is. That's awesome. This space right here is a potential space that is filled with what kind of fluid? Cirrus fluid. And I'm just going to tell you right now that the pressure inside here is low. And I don't want to get too crazy into it, but the fact that inside this space, the intraplural space between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura, inside that space, it maintains a low pressure zone. And so your lungs stay inflated because your lungs have more pressure in them. That is why your lungs do not collapse. And in fact, if your lung does collapse, it means that you lost this low pressure zone in that space.  That's what keeps your lungs inflated. That's crazy talk. That's physio. We'll try not to get too crazy and excited about that. Your lungs are not symmetrical. Why not? Why not? That's so, so lame. Why not? Because your heart, you have to have room for your heart and your heart kind of leans a little bit toward the left. It's actually in the middle of your body but the bigger part goes to the left side. That is my left side. And so your left lung has two lobes. Again, containing all the rest of the structures we're going to talk about, your right lung has three lobes. This would be a phenomenal question. If I, like, could find lungs and they had one had two lobes and one had three lobes, you could tell me did it come from the right side or the left side of the body? Lungs, I feel very satisfied with this. Do you? The whole serious membrane thing is making sense, isn't it? Those are so smart.