This video was brought to you by my patrons. Thank you so much for your support Hello there Continuing the series of the four object oriented design pillars today We'll talk about inheritance a very powerful tool and as such we should use it carefully So in this video we'll talk about how we can use inheritance not only on gd script But also with the scene inheritance feature in Godot engine and we'll also talk about how inheritance is a powerful Communication tool so not only for programming language, but also for human language as well So let's get started. So before we dive into the implementation here in Godot engine Let's take a look on how inheritance is described is often described using the book we are using for this series Diving to design patterns. I will go to the book now and Here we can see that inheritance is described as the ability to build new classes on top of existing ones The main benefit of inheritance is code reuse because you can make a class and then if you want to make a slightly modified class you just need to inherit it and apply the new behaviors or Change the previous behavior just a little bit the downside of that as it's described right below it is that you create a Hard coupling between the inherited class and its parent class you can't high methods You have to implement the whole abstraction of the previous class and this new class will have the same Interface you have to keep that in mind that once you inherit a class you will also be tight Copied to the parent class so changes in the parent class will reflect in the child class as well This can be used for good, but this can create some bugs as well So you have to keep that in mind, but before we go back to Godot engine Let me elaborate a bit on how inheritance is a very powerful tool for human communication as well So it's a very powerful communication tool for human language once you describe a concept Let's say we can use this example here as well So once you describe what is an animal and what you consider There is the traits of an animal and you say that a cat is an animal The cat is building upon the concept of an animal as well So everything that an animal has the cat will have as well and it will have more So once you have that tool that you can reflect back on another concept You can create more and more specializing words to communicate more and more precisely what you want to other people You can keep building up upon this concept So inheritance is a very powerful language tool for human communication as well It's true inheritance that we can build complex vocabularies for other human language as well So we can create atomic pieces of definitions for concepts of the world And then we build upon these atomic pieces and then we create a very rich and complex set of words So a very rich vocabulary So keep that in mind when you are talking about inheritance because it's not just a programming language feature It is a concept that you can use when you are communicating and programming language To me is a way to communicate as well It's a way to communicate your thoughts your solutions for a given problem. So now that's safe. Let's go back to good old engine So going back to good old engine will start by extending this script So by extending when we say we will extend a class you can understand that we will inherit this class Okay. So if we right click on a note that has a script here on the scene tree We have this extend script feature here this extend script button So we will extend this as being remember now we will create a concrete class. So let me close here Currently we have just an abstraction of this class The sliding panel. So we don't have anything implemented yet And now we will inherit this abstraction So this interface to create a concrete class of a sliding panel, okay So I will go here extend script and now I will just call it sliding script You don't need to call concrete sliding panel. We can just call it the class it is A depth strike prepending is just communicate that this is an abstraction So it will help others understand what this class will be But this is a concrete one. So let's create this as a sliding panel Remember that we have here. Let me close this and this remember that we have here this virtual function So let me double that abstraction free mode this virtual function that This is a virtual method and shall be overridden by shooting classes And now we have a shooting class. So let's override it and to do that Since this is a class that inherits from the abstract panel Inheritance carries every concept that the previous class or the parent class has as well So everything that we have here will be available to this class as well So the properties and also the methods we will use this method And I will go ahead just a little bit on this series because what we will do is that we will Create a inheritance class and we'll use polymorphism to kind of override this method This is a concept that we'll talk about later But just keep in mind that we will do a polymorphism here. So I will call the slide method Now I can overread it because since this is a method that is on the parent class If I change the block of this function, so if I change the content of this method It will override the method of the parent class But with that we already have our sliding panel or concrete sliding panel But now going back to the scene we currently have this abstract sliding panel seen And if we go here, this is what we have So we have the concrete script on an abstract scene. This is not what we want So I will actually drag the abstract script to this So we have only this abstract class here And instead we will inherit this scene and create the concrete scene of this sliding panel So to do that we'll go here to scene, the inherited scene and we use this abstract sliding panel scene here And then we can call it just sliding panel and now I can drag the sliding panel script to it So this one we just created And you can see that we have this grayed out Because these are children of the previous class so of the parent class We cannot modify them so we cannot delete them for instance You can't operate on notes the current scene inherits from Remember inheritance builds upon previous concepts So you can change the previous concept. It is building upon it. It will specialize this concept So you can create more, but we can create less you can remove features from the previous class This is the concept and with this concrete sliding panel What we can make is that here we have an abstract sliding panel seen This is why this is just a square and the Direction and the values here doesn't make quite sense But here we will actually create our panel And now we have an inherited scene from an abstract scene And we have a concrete scene that inherits from this abstract scene And now we can start to tweak with these values. So let's say I want this duration to actually take just half a second and to have A slightly more distance to slide to so I think that 150 will be good And I will save it and going back to the sliding panel if you save this and actually test this scene Nothing happens, right? But now I want this sliding panel to execute its behavior So now I will create a way to call this method to call the sliding method And I can use this ready signal a observer pattern that girl has if you don't know the observer pattern I will link in the card A link to a video that I have on the design patterns and specifically on the observer pattern And what this will do is that when this scene is completely Loaded and it is inside the the scene tree It will call this signal and I will connect this signal to this light method Connect so now if we open this script, we are using the abstract version of this script So now I will drag the Concrete version of this script So now we have actually a behavior to work with And if I play the scene you can see that the sliding panel Will slide so now we have a concrete class based on an abstract class We have a concrete scene based on a abstract scene and we can keep building upon that So that's it for inheritance. You can see how powerful this tool is So don't overuse it as I said it has its downsides But you can see how this is a very powerful tool that you can use to build your library of code On the next video, we will see how we can use polymorphism to override some functions Keeping the the previous behavior and also adding more behavior to it So we'll see how we can use polymorphism to that I'd like to thank Greg pen father for becoming one of my newest patrons. Thank you Greg so much for your support I appreciate that And if you as Greg like what I'm doing here and want to support my work Consider becoming one of my patrons. You will have some exclusive perks and rewards But this is not the only way to support me You can also leave a thumbs up so I can know that we are going towards the right direction You can subscribe to the channel. This is very important So you can get more of my content as well And you can also share this video and comment below if I said something that you not quite agree Or if you know that is wrong I will be more than happy to be corrected and to know what is the right way So that's it. Thank you so much for watching. Keep developing and until the next time


This year marks the 20th anniversary of the Victorian Manufacturing Hall of Fame awards and gala dinner. And we have the privilege of coming together to celebrate the exceptional achievements in our sector. Tonight we will explore what it means to be made in Victoria. What it means to be made in a culture of innovation that embraces new technologies for greater productivity and continually expands its offering. What it means to be made with the future in mind. Finding greener ways to operate and preparing for a low carbon world. What it means to be made by people who care, who champion diversity and inclusion and put each other first. What it means to be made in the epicentre of Australian advanced manufacturing. The destination of choice for trailblazing companies. Victoria's manufacturing industry contributes around 30 billion dollars to the local economy each year and supports more than 260,000 jobs. Tonight is an opportunity for the Victorian manufacturing sector to recognise the businesses and people that drive its growth and success. And to celebrate all that is made in Victoria.


Okay, it is Friday the 12th of November I hope you are doing well and to kick things off going to go straight to the charts and have a look how things close on Wall Street last night Which was flat in the case of the S&P minor loss in the Dow down 0.44 percent and the Nasdaq was actually outperforming a Small amount by 0.5 percent, but that came after some severe underperformance that was seen in the prior day session Overall equity kind of trade was fairly tame Obviously the bond market was shut equities were open because it was US Veterans Day Yesterday so that did impede some of the price action of volumes accordingly From a currency perspective you can see here in the top left hand corner both euro dollar and cable Just coming off their lower bound levels that were printed during the Asia pack session as the dollar index just fades a little bit after Seeing an aggressive run-up on those inflation figures. We've seen globally Getting red hot throughout the week and so the dollars just backed off a little bit from that run-up To pair some of that moves to the Dixie this morning as pretty flat overall But just again coming off what was a higher move that was seen initially overnight in Asia elsewhere Gold oil just a little bit lower this morning and that generally is the theme So fairly quiet all in all before I get into some of the news Don't forget. We've got the latest kind of weekly wrap myself and the head of trading and co-founder of amplified peers current They're going to be chatting later on this morning and the episode will then go out accordingly The aim there is it's your one-stop shop for listening in on a really informal and hopefully Slightly funny and engaging chat about markets for the week So that you're always on top of things so if you're a student if there's one thing you're going to do That I can help in terms of improving your commercial knowledge is watch the Monday morning briefing That goes out on YouTube and then amplify me hub and then listen to the end of week podcast Then you're pretty much good to go then as far as getting prep for interviews and things like that And obviously if you're a trader, they're going to be equally hopefully as useful from that perspective But let's get straight into some news and it's a definite Geopolitical spin to the news that I'm going to cover. There's a little bit of Russian Ukraine Which involves a little bit of the EU and gas and we're still coming on the back of that gas crisis, of course We've talking about China is using Ping being the indefinite rule being signed off very much as expected But that's gone through but we're also going to talk about US-China relations And then you've got a little bit of Brexit thrown in just for good measure as well So starting off with the headline, I mean Talk about trying to generate a Sensational headline as possible Bloomberg You know doing a very good job of that this morning US warning Europe that Russia may plan Ukraine invasion And a lot of this has come as there's been some military particularly naval US military movement in the Black Sea at the moment which Russia of course are particularly unhappy about It must this actual headline comment comes where actually The US themselves haven't really officially briefed the EU and haven't actually shared in any information yet So it's definitely one of those. I think political posturing Trying to then just you know keep Your military involved some fairly Assertive commentary just so you're managing then dialogue between these these heads Of state and so forth at the moment Meanwhile while all of this is going on Angela Merkel and Vladimir Putin actually did speak yesterday And in a much more direct fashion Germany as I've said before have always been a little bit more passive than say the UK and particularly the US when it comes to Russia and the rationale there being that they're highly dependent on energy and specifically gas flows coming from Russia and So the the dialogue there is much more open in that sense and they spoke yesterday about Ukraine and Belarus The Russian leader criticised Ukraine's alleged use of combat drones in violation of Previous agreement now if you remember there was the annexation of Crimea The issues of Eastern Ukraine through 2013-14 peace agreement I think was 2015 that happened there and what's been happening is increased military personnel from Both sides on the Russian-Ukrainian borders at the moment Which is causing some of this latest friction and with addition then of the American military activity that's been seen in the Black Sea The news comes of course amid uncertainty over increased Russian gas Supplies to Europe remember Putin came in as the kind of white knight when we were in the midst of that energy crisis Several weeks ago and said you know what yeah, we'll pump some more gas will help you out, but obviously It's working in a slightly Mafia-esque style, you know, you're in the pocket then of Russia if you do indeed pull on that lever and Request more gas and then that orders fulfilled and so hence the reason why at the moment Putin's pushing for European regulators to approve The operation of the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline which basically runs from Russia To Germany and hence the reason why Merkel is involved at the moment It's a project the US and Ukraine have opposed because of proposed security risks So this is where this all comes and this is why there's a Merkel-Putin dialogue, but there's a you US-Ukraine Kind of element to the mix as well at the moment. So Yeah, for sure. There's been a little bit of movement in the Russian ruble Perhaps keeping our gas prices as well for the time being as far as a broader market Concern equities Tino's FX outside of the ruble. It's not really a thing yet, but definitely worth monitoring otherwise just going to jump over to a couple of things in China first before I get to this headline. So China's reached a new historical starting point Essentially the top leaders in China's communist party have paved the way for Xi Jinping to rule indefinitely by signing the first historical resolution in about 40 years This is all very much as expected the context here is that there's been a plenum Happening throughout the week Monday through Thursday. So this is kind of the conclusion of those gatherings It's one of seven major meetings in China's five-year political cycle And regardless is the most important the meetings that have happened And it's one of the last chances for kind of horse trading before the party congress Which the communique said would be held in the second half of next year And hence the reason why these kind of political maneuvers have been happening But all of that pretty much is expected. So what does this then lead on to? Well, a couple of things Biden the US president yesterday signed legislation to prevent companies like Huawei and zte corp who are deemed to security threats from receiving new equipment licenses from the US Regulators is called the secure equipment act It's the latest effort from the US government to crack down on Chinese telecom And tech companies and it's quite interesting. Obviously this happens whilst Biden and Xi are kind of all smiles and trying to get on with each other because the two of them are expected to address leaders today of the Pacific Rim gatherings amid heightened regional trade and geopolitical tensions that have obviously Come to the forefront at the moment over Taiwan and various other things as well. So It's just interesting how on the sidelines of these guys obviously trying to thrash out things like the ongoing trade dialogue and so forth that they still continue to kind of pull the trigger with kind of escalation but in a much more moderate sense to keep the pressure on So that they have a strongest position as they come to negotiate over some of these other top level Topics So, yeah, it's super interesting at the moment. How much of this is kind of relevant for markets right now in terms of immediate market impact. It's not really it's much more of a kind of Keeping on track of the maneuvers that are happening as they said That will help then leverage and give potential influence to negotiating power for bigger more important topics And that's that's pretty much it. The final thing is brexit There's been a whole kind of build up from last weekend slightly Kind of came off the boil on Tuesday after I think it was the French said that they weren't going to do Certain acts around some of the legislation that was going to kick in and now it's down to the fact that the chief negotiator of the UK Frost has said to his EU counterpart essentially that the UK will renew its efforts to get an agreement on the Northern Ireland protocol and enter discussions During the next few weeks Frost will also assure Brussels that the UK prime minister does not wish to trigger article 16 so I think I said this on monday's briefing where the tone of what frost was saying was the absolute opposite of what he's just said now And that's what caused that Irish minister to come out and talk about well if you do that the brexit entire deal is off And that's when it peaked kind of around midweek. And so as I said on monday as Kind of provocative as the comment sound It's just brexit. We've been here for what five years now. This is just what happens It's just the art of the negotiation again as they say, you know these very What seem quite meaningful words which they flip on and it's all to do with just posturing and that's it so How are they going to solve the northern island protocol to be quite honest? They haven't done it in five years They're not going to do it anytime soon So this kind of tip for tat pull the trigger on article 16 or not It's going to be a sticking point for a considerable period of time still I would imagine And thus as far as pound is concerned the pound's really not reacting to this a great deal for those aforementioned reasons In terms of today, what have we got? It's a particularly quiet session really from this morning You've got European industrial production at 10 a.m. But I don't think that's going to really move the needle a great deal on any European assets Intraday, you've got no 130s out of the usb. Do you have jolts job openings? And you've got the november university michigan preliminary number Which is expected to show consumer expectations of inflation in the coming year Having climbed up to around the 13 year high Obviously just in keeping with the narrative of that 6.2 blockbuster 31 year high uscpi We had earlier in the week on on wednesday As far as speakers are concerned ecb's lane speaks a bit later Feds williams just after 5 p.m. London time neither of which we're expecting too much direct on anything on the economy And monetary policy at this point in time and then that is it so Again, don't forget to check out spotify google apple podcasts. Just search for amplify me market maker Really appreciate if you check out later episode go back and have a look at some of the previous ones Some of them are not just about the news. There's some other things from an educational learning point of view about markets investing trading stuff like that that you might find particularly interesting and And yeah, hopefully you'll subscribe to the podcast as well. All right. That's it from me for today I'll obviously be active on twitter. There's any meaningful news that does break, but Thanks for listening. I wish you a fantastic weekend. Take care


Welcome back to Kids Fun Science. My name is Ken. Today's experiment is the magnetic sand timer. As always, adult supervision is required. There's a warning, choking hazard for small parts and not for children under three. What you need for this experiment is the magnetic sand timer kit. And I got mine at cost plus, but look in the description. I'll show you where you can buy it online. So this kit comes with a free-standing hourglass, and the glass seems pretty strong as I didn't break it. And it comes with a metal stand and one rare earth magnet. So that's pretty cool. You have everything you need just inside the entire kit. What's great about this hourglass timer is it doesn't use that old boring sand, but fine metallic filings. So it is an actual timer, and it's about approximately 30 seconds, but the times will vary. But that's something I didn't do in this experiment is keep track on the exact time.  So basically here it is just going down just like a normal sand timer. So this experiment, I'm going to use the base with the magnet. As you flip it over, you can see that the magnetic filings on the tops come from the gravity and stack up on top of the magnet in the base. And it produces an artistic pattern and structures. It's a new one every time. So it's kind of like building those staglamites that I did in another experiment. In this experiment, I'm going to use the original magnet it came with. And one of the rare earth magnets that I own. And you can see right off the bat that it actually starts to build a little bit higher. And it kind of spreads out the staglamites a little bit farther up. And it wants to build a little higher because it's got a stronger magnetic base by using two different magnets. So I'm going to do this a couple more times. I'm going to see how many magnets before actually it will either go to the top or it will stop working. So I will do that next. So this time I'm doing three magnets, one of the original and the two of my own, and this is the original speed. So the last one was fast forward and you can see right off the bat, it just stops. It doesn't go any farther. So I guess I hit my ending point right there. I'm going to do it one more time. I think I might have put it on too quick. So here we go. Test number two with three magnets and you put it on. It starts building up. But as soon as it gets close, you can still is building that straight line with three of them. There it goes, it stops again. So it's not really meant for three. So this test, this time what I'm going to do is turn it upside down after it's done to see what happens to the magnetic filing. So there it is, it's complete. It's all set up. And then you flip it over by keeping the metal base on there so you have the magnet, which so it doesn't really surprise me that it's going to stay. I go ahead and I'm kind of just wiggling the top, pulling the magnet off a little bit to see if it all there it is a little bit. It kind of connects up and goes a little bit farther. Some falls off as a little bit of the magnet gets pulled off there. You can see kind of wants to hold the filings that eventually just dropped to the bottom, which is pretty cool. So this time I took off their original magnet and just put my rare earth magnet, which is a little bit thicker than the one that comes with the kit. And you could actually see it does build a little bit higher. I didn't do exact measurement, but you can see it's higher. So I hope you enjoyed this video. Remember to click share or thumbs up and thanks for watching.


What's good y'all it's your boy Ross back again with another video and I got a story time for you guys It's been a minute since I've done a story time. So I thought this would be a nice interesting one for you guys I'm gonna be talking about the time I went on the most Boring date. I've ever been on in my entire life. I say it was boring It was boring. So I Want to I guess kind of set up how I've met this individual. So I was on this Dating app called POF or plenty of fish. I don't know if you guys remember that app It was basically like Tinder. So I was on that app and I was scrolling through, you know Just chilling on a regular whatever day. I think it was actually a work day at this time I think I was working at Amazon. So I'm just scrolling through, you know between my stops or whatever and This is like skin chick. She messaged me back, you know Cuz I usually what I would do if I found someone attractive I would you know, I'm saying check their profile out. I'll send a message, you know real quick and simple No cheesy stuff just straight to the point and if they miss me message me back cool If not, whatever and a lot of times on that app you found people like chicks hitting you up saying yo You want to make some extra cash? I'm like, I bro I'm I ain't got time for the scams, bro. I'm out here looking for love. What are you doing? So any who she she messaged me back and we was just messaging each other throughout the day Like conversation was going back and forth just within the app itself. Mind you. I'm still at work So I'm a I cool. She can hold a good conversation That's rare a lot of times just you know saying not even just on the app But when you meet somebody in person nowadays or you get that number or whatever you'd be surprised how the conversation really doesn't go Nowhere. So we're going back and forth why I'm just dropping off packages and stuff and I actually asked for her number. So she gave me a number and I was glad she had an iPhone once I saw that The blue grade messages. I was like, yes, because you don't understand how how frustrating it could be to be texting Someone with an Android not to say there's nothing wrong with people with androids But it's just better when they have an iPhone is it just works better that way for me personally So we're going back and forth. So I got an iPhone light skin. I'm like cool a conversation is nice and you know entertaining I'm with it. So I Want to say in the middle of my rounds. I shit You mind if I call you because I prefer phone conversations over texting, you know Especially the conversation good like might as well have a phone conversation So I hit her up or whatever she sound cute on the phone would have been tragic if she sounded a little manly That would have definitely threw me off, but she sounded cute on the phone and by the pictures on how I'm like, all right Cool, whatevs I want to say I think I don't know if I was trying to get her Instagram, but she said she didn't have one So I didn't really trip off of it.  So I was like, you know, we go there smoke some hooker listen to some music Or whatever just chop it up because that's the only place I could think of on that side of town That I knew we would have a good time on so she was like, all right cool bet we set it up It was planned. I'm ready to go. You know I'm saying I'm about to have a good time, right? So I I drive all the way closer to her side of town I Pull up to the spot. I'm just chilling like literally by myself waiting on her. She's like, you know in mind you Throughout the day throughout that that next day. We're still constantly texting You know I'm saying the conversation is still good. So She pulled up or whatever. I'm like, cool she walk in and Not gonna lie to you. Please don't judge me, but yeah, I'm sure y'all gonna judge me But I wasn't expecting her to look how she looked now I'm not gonna say she was a catfish because she she had the same facial features That was in the pictures but like her body type didn't really match the pictures and Then when I started to really think in my head She really only had pictures like from like maybe the chest up type stuff So I really wasn't even thinking of it You know I'm saying like I said I didn't have her Instagram because I don't think she had one at least I don't remember but I was just like I You know I'm saying this you know she still was cute is just it kind of threw me off Because I wasn't expecting her to look the way she did. She didn't look bad It's just you know like when someone take just like chest up pictures and that's all you can see You know saying you can really only go with the facial features. It's like I cool You know it's not bad, but I don't know man. I don't know. I just I thought she would look different But that's neither here nor there. So I'm still having a positive mindset. I'm not cool She you know saying I think she has some Jordans on at the time I don't even remember what Jays they were. I think they were some Concord 11's so I know I mentioned that to her cuz I thought they were dope. You know, so I cool That's that's a that's a plus for me. You know saying so we chillin We chop it up or whatnot.  I decided to get us a hooker now I guess you can say maybe this wasn't the best possible place to go You know I'm saying maybe link up for I guess you can say a first date Granted I wouldn't try to do like no traditional just like eat somewhere and then you know saying You know like out of diner or whatever It was more of like a meeting up place But I'm still considering the date cuz it was our first time really just hanging out like that And it was just us or whatnot But yes, there was other people there, but we had our own little area or what not and Like the conversation was instantly different from what it was in person, bro I'm not even gonna lie to you like and on the phone Well, not in person, but like over the phone like it was different from how it was over the phone over the phone It was great in text messages. It was great when I saw her I was the only one initiating conversation, bro like literally I was the only one like trying to Engage and it was so weird.  That's crazy Like what makes it blue like I'm at this point reaching for any conversation, bro And I tried I tried and it was just to the point where at this point We're just smoking hookah and I'm vibing out. I'm vibing down to the music to the point where it's like man If y'all know me personally, I like to dance. They started playing some songs You know, there was other people dancing. So guess what I did. I Started dancing I got up. I was like, hey, you know, so you want to dance or whatever? You know, so you want to buy bottles.   Oh just Just smoking the hookah, you know, I got her drink whatever it was just And she was just in the house just and then I think some other people I knew Came up there. I want to say some other people I knew came up there So I started, you know, turn it up with them and I can't I wouldn't say I left there I was still like kind of check up on him and by checking up. I mean I would just look Look to see if she's still there. That's it, bro.  I was like, yeah, this This ain't it, you know, I'm saying so I I Know when the night ended or whatever Honestly, think she left before me, bro. I think she left before me I don't remember because it was one of those type of situations I wouldn't even try to remember tonight, but I think she left before me and She was like, I think she says she had a good time I don't know how she literally just sat there and I was like, I yeah, I had a good time too and By good time. I mean, I had a good time away from you, which is kind of bad But hey, I had a good time though, you know, so I think she ended up leaving and then after that I turned up even more bro. Well, she left. I I went him. I wasn't out dancing super hard Like I was dancing before But at the same time, like I said, I was still somewhat trying to make sure she was good But once she left I was and I was I was Gucci bro And I think she had hit me up But I never really responded and then I think she kind of I think she put two and two together And then we just left it at that now her recollection of events may be different for minds. I'm pretty sure it is but for me personally It was just boring, bro.   Well, I won't be doing this with you again. I'm sorry You know, that's just what it was. So comment down below. Let me know if you guys have ever been in that type of situation I got some other story times that you know, I want to try to get to you guys So best believe stay tuned to the channel But I appreciate all the love and support road to 40k appreciate y'all kicking it with me. I see y'all on the next one. Peace


We can further simplify rational exponents by using a couple of important ideas. First, we have the power of a power, provided that both sides exist. a to power m to power n is the same as a to the power of the product m times n. It's also helpful to remember the rule for the product of fractions. And in particular, a over b is the same as a times 1 over b. And finally, commutativity is also useful for a and b real numbers. a times b is the same as b times a. So for example, let's say I want to simplify 125 to power two-thirds. So since this is a fraction two-thirds, it's useful to remember that we have a rule for the product of fractions. a over b can be rewritten as a times 1 over b. So this exponent two-thirds can be rewritten as two times one-third. Now a useful thing to remember here is that if you take the root first, you'll generally get a number that's easier to work with. So I don't really want to find 125 squared. I would much rather take the one-third power, the cube root. Fortunately, we're allowed to do that. For a and b real numbers, a times b is the same as b times a. So this power two times one-third can be rewritten as one-third times two. Now I can use the power of a power rule. I have a product of exponents one-third times two, and I can split that up 125 to power one-third. The whole mess raised to power two. Remember that fractal exponent one-third is the same as a cube root of 125. So we'll rewrite it. And we can actually take the cube root of 125. We're still squaring the result so we get five squared, which is 25.


First principles calculations have identified orientational dependence of water-splitting reaction on a two-dimensional gold cluster supported on Milligrammo AG 001, revealing new aspect of orbital symmetry in catalytic reactions using quantum well states, QWSs. This article was authored by Zijing Ding, Shui Jiao, and Shen Meng.


The standard model was introduced in an attempt to put quantum mechanics and special relativity together. It turns out that a classical way of thinking of forces as instantaneous actions over a distance is incompatible with special relativity, which tells us that no physics should happen faster than the speed of light. For an example, let's look at a system of two negatively charged particles. Because they have light charges, they will repel each other. You can think of this as one charge creating an electromagnetic field that the other particle interacts with. If you move one particle, it will create ripples in the field that will travel to the other particle and cause it to interact. The reason this interaction has to work like this is special relativity. If the interaction did not happen through ripples in a field, the force would be felt instantaneously by the particles. But when you looked at special relativity with Ruby, you found that the idea of happening at the same time doesn't actually mean anything. And for different observers in different reference frames, things happen in different orders. For example, if the sun suddenly disappeared, gravity wouldn't immediately switch off. It would actually take about 8 minutes before the ripples of the gravitational field reach Earth and are felt. Now in the quantum mechanics section, you learned that the electromagnetic field comes in discrete chunks or quanta, which we call the photon. In fact, all fundamental particles that we know of are actually discrete excitations of underlying fields. When particle physicists talk about particles, they don't actually mean point masses. But really what they're talking about are discrete chunks or discrete ripples or quanta of fields that propagate through space and time. A nice way to think about this is to take the two-dimensional case and to picture the field as a matrix. The quanta of this field look like lumps in this matrix and they move in space and time. Every fundamental interaction works in the same way, through discrete ripples of an underlying fundamental field. These discrete ripples we call exchange bosons, and we have exchange bosons for every fundamental force. For example, when we look at the strong force, which is the force that binds quarks together in protons and neutrons, it turns out there are exchange bosons called gluons that mediate that interaction. An intuitive way to visualize how interactions work by exchanging particles is to consider Alice and Bob playing catch while floating in space. When Alice throws the ball towards Bob, Alice will experience a push in the opposite direction due to conservation of momentum. The ball will then go flying through empty space and then land in Bob's hands. Because the ball is travelling with some momentum, when Bob catches it, he will begin to move to the right. As Alice and Bob continue to throw the ball back and forth to each other, they'll move further and further apart through this process. In the context of the standard model, Alice and Bob are fundamental particles and the ball they are passing back and forth is the exchange boson, which remember is just an excitation of an underlying field that mediates the interaction. In the following videos, I will introduce you to Feynman diagrams, which are a simple way to visualize interaction processes under the standard model. We will begin with the simplest type of fundamental interaction, which is the electromagnetic interaction.


And now we are back on YouTube as well. We are live. Yes. We are live. Yeah. Yeah, awesome. So I think we can get back to that. So we were talking about network deployment and you're going through some of the same networks that she was going through. We'll quickly bring our screen on and go about it. Sure. I think it should be visible by now. Yeah, we can see it. We can maybe just jump into the other elements I think keeping close to the time. Yeah, sure. So yeah, we were talking about already deployed network that we created here. So when you look at the network that you have already deployed, you'll see services that are in the network. So in there, you'll see your peer services, your CA services, your orders, and what region these services were deployed in, what organization these services were deployed in. And after you have created your network, now we want to use this network with an application SDK or a smart contract. So for that, you can download Zeeves, and it artifacts to you. I'm sorry, I think your voice is sort of breaking. And voice is sort of breaking. Maybe you can stop your video feed, I think, to help out. Is it better now? Yeah, I think so, yeah. It's better, yeah. So after you've created your network, maybe you have your services. We can see the screen. Yeah, go ahead. Sorry. Yeah. Sorry about that. We've lost you again, Lakshay. I'm up here. Is it visible? Am I audible now? You keep breaking down in between. Or can you hear me properly, Lakshay? Yeah, yeah, I can hear you properly. Yeah, I think you can continue. Right, so after you've created your Zeeves network, you have your services deployed. Now you would want to download your crypto artifacts to connect your application SDKs with your network services that you have deployed. So for that, you can click Download Network, Download Crypto Artifacts button, which will help you download your crypto artifacts that Zeeves created for you. And in here, you'll see the cluster authorization data has been created by Zeeves just for you to access your Kubernetes cluster, all the channel artifacts that have been created, all the identities and certificates that have been created by Zeeves for you. And again, you can download your connection profile to help your application SDKs connect with the network services, which requires, again, TLS certificates and network URLs and services URLs, which again is a tedious task. Even if you're creating a dev network or a production network or a staging network, so in that sense, you save time, you save your efforts to help you with these small activities. Other than this, Zeeves also helps you with the analytics and network services, because that we have analytics and monitoring enabled on our network. So if I click that, this should be ready in a few minutes. Other than this, we have pipelines that we can see that have been done already on this network.  So for any pipeline that I have run, I really have to click this action button in there. I'll see the jobs that have been running inside this pipeline. And if I click that job, I'll see the data that has been produced by that particular job. So you can imagine this works exactly like Jenkins and other CI-CD set of tools, which help you automate your application workloads. And in here, it helps you automate your smart contracts and chain code workloads in a way. So we'll see how we can run a pipeline on our own in a few minutes. So this is Zeeves analytics, which helps you understand your cluster utilization in terms of different health aspects. For example, CPU utilization, memory utilization, that has been done so far by our application workloads or network services workloads. You get to see CPU utilization for all three workloads that have been deployed onto your cluster. You can, again, divide these stats namespace-wise or services-wise. And let's say if you have created a production network after that, we also deploy a dedicated refining from which it's set up for you to analyze your logs, help your, sorry, set up your alerts and notifications for different and fatal alerts for your services and the nodes that are running inside your cluster. All right, I think we can come on to our CI-CD pipelines now. So this is the exact network that I have in my UI opened in my browser. So let's say I want to see the services that are running inside this network or inside this community cluster. I can check the parts that are running inside this cluster. And in the parallel, I can also open up Zeeves CLI for the Fabric Chain Quotes. So if I see that, I'll see the operations that are supported by Zeeves CLI. So yeah, these are all the network services that have been deployed inside my communities cluster. So behind there, you'll see different blockchain namespaces that is created just for your organizations. And all the reverse proxy engine we're using in GRIS, engineering GRIS. And if I want to run a quick pipeline on my particular network, I should be able to do that with Zeeves CLI too. So for that, again, there are a few steps that you have to follow before you come on to your Zeeves pipeline section. With that, I'll show you a quick script that I've created for this purpose only. So you can imagine running your CI-CD pipelines like a shell script or you can imagine running it inside a GitLab runner, Jenkins, YAML job, or maybe in a GitHub workflow. I'll show you a GitHub workflow that we have simply we have created for this special network already. So first step would be to log in here with the access team that we created here with the API connection section. So then my first thing I think your voice is. Yeah, your voice is, I think, getting issues. I mean, no, it's still breaking that thing. So this is basically the tool in which you can actually put in places, whether it's Jenkins or GitHub workflows that will just be going through in a bit. But what it allows you to is to automate your chain code deployments and leave the node interactions onto Zeeves platform. So you don't have to worry about it. In your way, you just work on creating the chain code itself on the CI aspect of it, while we'll be the ones who will interact with the nodes and make sure everything is done accordingly. This feature also helps a lot of other protocols like R3 Potter and such where there's a certain procedure to all of this where you have to drain the node, you have to run the migration, then you have to bring it up again. So Zeeves does all of that sensitively as by the given standard by the protocol. We'll just quickly jump onto our GitHub workflows to show you guys what kind of CI CD setup we've got there. Actually, if you can jump to that screen and set. Yeah. Yeah, thank you. Your voice is still up. So we also, what other is there in Zeeves that we support a lot of public protocols as well, apart from these function protocols, you can deploy your own node on your own infrastructure or you can use managing cloud again as a service. And you can also, in fact, create endpoints. So if you don't want to filter your node to be running through your set, you can go ahead and create an endpoint for yourself. And we support a lot of protocols already for our endpoint services. Other than that, I think something worth mentioning about how the fabric is that we are working on a lot of amazing features with some of our big enterprise customers. And because of their needs, we are getting so much of maturity into our end of features. One of those features is that you want to build your consortium with other accounts of Zeeves platform, right? So that nobody actually governs the network for you. You have the access to your own network. You hold that key to your own network itself. So sharing your network profiles with others so that other people can also see the invite and get on boarded without having any knowledge of how how to fabric works, how to write DevOps scripts of how to fabric poverty scripts and all. Without all that knowledge, you can just keep onboarding your parties just by a simple authorization of where the cloud account onto a platform, which is a very big thing because the onboarding is one of the toughest part of, you know, in blockchain adoption, it's one of the toughest things to solve as of now. So that's more or less the platform. I do see that we are very low on time. I'm sure Lakshya did want to throw a bunch of stuff. But I guess you'll just have to wait for our next webinar for all those details, which goes into a lot more depth. We have IPFSR service as well that we're excited to show. But there are too many things to post-cover in one demonstration. So yeah, I think if there are any questions that we can go through them in the interest of time. Yeah, hi, thank god. We do have some questions from our audience. And if you would need more time, we can also prolong it a bit because we got disconnected. So it's absolutely fine if you want to do a couple of minutes more. Yeah, I think, but maybe Lakshya, if you can bring your screen off, we can go about it. But I think in the meantime, we can continue to answer the questions by the way, some of us feel them. I think that's a good idea. Sure. So we have a question from Alex Solaru. Alex, would you like to come off the mute and ask the question? Otherwise, I can just read it from Alex's question. So he's asking for AWS persisted volumes in AWS. What storage do you use? EFS, EBS, et cetera. And is it possible to configure the number of IOPS? So yes, for volumes, we usually use EFS because it has a better high availability in case of AWS. And yeah, you can manage a lot of things when you put EFS as one of the things that is probably in your network. Yeah. Yeah. Thank you, Sankal. And another question from Alex, and he's asking for CouchDB setups. Are you creating one CouchDB node per peer or a cluster of multiple nodes? If the CouchDB console is available for each couch DB cluster available, can indexes be set up for CouchDB in this? Yeah. So we are deploying one instance of CouchDB for every node. And this is again for the purpose of more decentralization that comes with it. And as well as ownership of the nodes that really has to be kept in mind when you are creating multi-account deployments. You can enable your own index and you can interact with the nodes. You can run your chain codes for CouchDB as well. All of that is somewhat of a standard, for CouchDB, CouchDB is usually the pre-print. So we've got a lot of customers that are already using it as you described here. Oh, thank you. And now we have Lilith also asking, Lakshya downloaded some artifact zip file. Where will that be used? So your applications of having the fabric would often need to create connections with the nodes in a secure way. And for that, your certificates of those nodes, the networks and the connection profile of how to interact with those nodes and network is quite important. So that comes directly out of our platform that you can consume within your applications to enroll new users to transactions and whatever you would rather do with a fully flexible network setup by yourself. You can do with this also. Thank you very much, Sankal. And Mayanak now asked to come off mute and to ask the question. Go ahead, Mayanak. Mayanak, you can talk now. Okay. Mayanak, you can just jump in later if you can do it now. But we have another, oh, I think it's connected to audio now. No, okay. We have another question from Alex and he's asking what is the largest size, number of order, spears, number of orcs for clients that have production fabric workloads running on Ziv? What is the approximate size in terms of total disk space of the couch DB slash level DB instances for these deployments? So this is again, so it depends upon your choices.  But you can basically configure a bunch of them as much as you want because you also get to choose the kind of configuration that you want to have those nodes running on. So of course, you know, you have to keep in mind while getting after pictures for how to get the solution that what is the scalability offered, how many orders will have what kind of impact on the transaction workloads, how much effort would it go in syncing and network IO necessarily amount. So all those things considered, you would want to keep your size of the fabric network relatively simple and not too huge or unless very much required. But you basically get to choose the new state, you can choose the firepower and you can choose the number of nodes and networks. That's great. Thank you very much, Sankab. I think Minak also wanted to come off mute but I think there are some audio issues for him as well. So hopefully, you know, Minak, you can also reach out to Zim or us later and we can address the question. Perhaps we can address one last question from Alex. He said, I guess, I'm curious at what kind of size levels you are start seeing significant performance degradations. So, right. So it depends upon the protocol, the topology that you choose and as well as, of course, the infrastructure that is powering in, right? So performance degradation would happen in one simple way that you can understand is the size of the networks that you require the block to be pushed forward to. But it also again depends upon your, the kind of peers that you would want signatures from when talking in particular aspect for hybrid fabric, right?  So the whole throughput and support of the transaction, the dissemination time of the block itself, it all depends upon your chosen topology and chosen, you know, infrastructure for that fact. Then of course, good things, good measures that people take forward, you know, while configuring the nodes, trying to make sure that your instances are at the right time for the right kind of workload that they'll be deploying and that's what you take care of in terms of management of the databases. For the Cows DB and Devon DB, I think that was a question there, I can't see it anymore. You can go to insert, Sankalp, and then they are there. Okay, got it. So, yeah, we're getting one Cows DB node per year, already, this is already answered. But I think, so Alex earlier asked also, but I also, we can, you know, Azure experts are available for you for such requirements, which could be quite a custom to your solution, if you don't want the standard requirements, of course, there is some amount of contributions that we can help out you with. So what is the proctomacell of this space? So again, this is for Cows DB already, you can configure, Alex, in the name where you define your nodes, you're adding your peers into it, adding more organization, you can always configure your Cows DB that will be inside this. Yeah, and I think we're back here with this screen full of hard workflows, and we can just go by the page of one of the workflows to show you how ZDeploy is, it's a pipeline. Pipeline? Yeah, yeah. So I have a complex, I mean, an application which includes a lot of microservices here. So let's say you want to run CHD pipelines for the chain code microservice, or running as a microservice inside here, given this person. So I'll simply go into its directory where I have set it up in my local. And I'll show you the workflow that we have set up for this application.  So in here, there are a few steps that go on. So I can describe it in this screen better. So first thing, first step is to package your application, sorry, package your chain code and then install your chain code onto different organizations that are participating into your network and then approve those chain codes onto your organizations and then deploy it before you start committing a chain code. After your chain code services have been deployed onto your organizations, the last step would be to commit it with required arguments in it method that is required for your chain code committing. So for that, I think we can visualize it with this step. So I have this pipeline configured such that every time I push a new release, this pipeline will trigger. So my existing release is, so I don't have any release. So let's say I want to release for version two. So all I have to do is create a version two release and I can push it onto my repo. So this is again going to run all of the steps which includes logging into my CLI account and then packaging my chain code and then installing it onto my organizations and then approving it. So yeah, let's visualize it better. So I'll go to my actions and then I see here the pipeline that is running inside it. If I click this job here, I'll see the steps that are going to run for my pipeline and meanwhile I can set up a watch for my parts. So these parts should refresh on their own and in here we'll see these parts terminating and then recreating again, which are my chain code application parts running inside my plus. Other than this, again, you can imagine creating a workflow for your application that you've deployed. So this is a small bank application that I have deployed onto this network because it gives you whole access to your cluster. So let's say I log in into my application and here I'll see all the blogs and transactions that have been done so far on this application. So this is again a small bank application which helps you manage custodians for your ATMs and generate new ATMs onto different locations as a bank administrator. And then help you generate the ATMs OTP. Right, so this application basically is the one that is using those crypto artifacts in order to pay connection to the nodes, do transactions, view all kind of data to provide here. Okay. And one of the question I saw was about if we can add an organization onto our existing network. So yeah, we can do that. And also we can add more number of peers onto our existing organization. So let's say you want to add an organization onto your network. All you have to do is come into action section here, click add peer or add organization according to your own need. So let's say I want to add organization here. Now I have to fill out details about my third organization or fourth organization that I'm going to add onto my network. Same details that we saw while we were creating the network to fill out my admin CA details and then my admin CA passwords again and same level of details for peers and orders. And you can finally hit create and this will start creating your third organization. So workloads onto your network. Yeah, so it's basically the same set of that that we were doing at the time of deployment of the network. Maybe we can show some public protocols bits as well actually around some of the existing nodes maybe and showing their interface on Z. Sure, so I think this pipeline and successfully we can see that one of our application chain code parts has been recreated here and it is running fine now. All right, let's jump on to public protocol nodes. So I have an Ethereum node running simple energy network. So did you see? Yeah, sorry. So you'll see, sorry, yeah, okay. So you'll see a number of nodes that you've deployed for your Ethereum network. And again, with these networks, sorry, with these nodes, you get to see the cloud that these nodes were deployed inside. The node name that you gave to these nodes that are on in this network. The region these nodes were deployed in and again, the operation that you can perform on these nodes. So I only have one node here and if I want to connect it just to see what its endpoint is, right? I can see the connection endpoint here. So automatically a lot associates your public protocol nodes with an endpoint grid by NLZ services and you can copy these nodes and endpoints and you can start using them with the help of this quick code snippet which can help you integrate your three. And yeah. So it basically provides special kind of configurations by every protocol when we're dealing with them. And we also provide IPFS as a service which is a requirement a lot of times by a lot of solutions in blockchain space. So we can mainly go to that screen as well which will basically show you how you can manage the ZDFS which is basically the service of IPFS to our customers. So recently, yep, yep. Oh, go ahead, Sankalp. I just wanted to say that we also have a question from the audience but you can continue and we can take them later as well. Okay. Yeah. So the ZDFS is basically an offering of IPFS as a service. You can choose to utilize it as an endpoint for your application where ZDFS is an endpoint for your IPFS nodes. Or you can use it as an API, as a dedicated node for yourself as well. In case you want better performance and better information dedicated node benefits that come alongside with it, you can keep that as well. So we will also put kind of features for IPFS as a service. And yeah, this is thoroughly documented. We won't go into much detail here but basically it can manage the node for you. So you don't have to worry about the integrities that come alongside with it. Yeah, I think we can go to the question. I can see it. Yeah. Mayanak said that he will unmute and ask the question. So please go ahead. Hello, am I audible now? Yes, you are. Yeah, thank you Thomas. Yeah, hi Sankalp, Mayanakumar this side. So my first question is like whether it can, the product you have showcased, so whether it can be also used at any point of time for like smart contact development? Yeah, so that's correct. So while you have a lot of exchanges that we're going to encode for the time being, you can create your chain codes very easily and do that because then you can deploy them. But what is important is that you should have a base environment where you can actually do the development and test your chain code development. So this particularly allows you to, spawn your networks in a couple of minutes, a simple library network is something you can make use of and you have the endpoints, you have the connection profiles to be able to quickly do your testing on a running environment. You can disable much of the features like volumes because it may be unnecessary for your usage at the time. It is just an expense otherwise. But you can do all of that development testing together. So it would be like, we can bring out a package of a chain code or something like that and we can utilize this product for end-to-end infrastructure deployment, right? Yeah, so one more thing like, is it limited to a cloud infrastructure or we can also use it for like local deployment or we can use VMs or other private servers for the deployment of the network? So we have helped a lot of our customers with on-premise deployments as well. And why we don't like to move away from standard deployments. So let's say, happy the fabric is more preferred for cogonities. We'd like to keep it with that but we can do bare metal deployments. We've done it quite a few times. So it's not something new, it's something very, very reasonable to a lot of firms. So on-premise deployment is that, but it would require our enterprise support to be able to help you out with that. So it would be, we can say like the product support, but yeah, it would be needing some support from your guys, right? Yeah, so it would require some on-premise setup because based on what kind of... Yeah, I understand that. So other thing is like the screen which I can see from every point of view. So whether the peers or the organization who would be joining the network of a hyperlegislator, okay? So whether they would be having the same replica of this screen or their point of screen like having the transition history or something like quite like as an hyperlegislator. Right, so hyperlegislator and similar application use cases are more like applications that you can deploy over your network. You can choose to do it on the existing cluster or you can choose it to have it on separate infrastructure just connecting to this cluster. That's some bits that we allow. So yeah, you can use that application you can deploy with it. We are not as of now I think providing a dedicated explorer for hyperlegislator. But yeah, you can see that. And for different account users, yes, I'll only see the networks that I'm allowed to have access to the workspace access that I've got. So we can't see each other's networks unless it's required. Correct, correct, correct. So if suppose a channel or suppose a network is being created with a channel. So can we use the same product for creating a subnet inside the network? Yeah, so you can create your own channels or you can use the existing ones. So at the time of completion, you must have seen Lakshaya Hat, check that box up to create a channel and automatically join all the peers. You can do that if that's something that serves you. Otherwise you can use those typical artifacts again. You can create as many channels as you want to join those peers that are going to present to you. No, I was asking like, suppose there is a channel inside a hyperlegislator network, like Lakshaya has created the mine channel, right? And there would be some peers who would be joining the same channel, right? Suppose if we want to in hyperlegislator as a hyperlegislator support, we can create another channel in the same network which we call like subnet, right? And the limited peers who would be required or who are required to join that particular different channel, different application channel. So that functionality we can use from this product, like we can create another channel and join all the peers who are like necessary for that private channel or private network, like subnet. Yeah, you can do that. You can actually as many as you want using the similar same artifacts and then you can do that. You can even, it's your, if you have bring your own cloud, you have again full flexibility over your database account and you can add more to your VPC. You can do those kinds of things as well. Although we advise you a certain amount of caution when you're dealing with a pre-deployed workloads. So like who would be like administrating? Who would be the one who would be controlling all those activities around the network? Suppose if we... Mayanak, excuse me to interrupt, but now we are already a quarter past the hour. So I will need to wrap this up. I'm sorry about that. But you know, if there are any questions, please feel free to reach out to us or the Ziv team. And then we will address the questions. Yeah, thank you very much and pardon for interrupting. Thank you, thank you. Thank you. Sangal, would you like to add anything to wrap up or shall we just... Otherwise, I'll just wrap up. No, I think that's very good for today. We'll be having a lot of interesting sessions. I'm sure in the future we'll be very excited to show you guys what's next up on our platform. And yeah, feel free to sign up and see our platform going. If you have any problems, any issues, any interest, feel free to reach out to us.  So thanks for a great session. I'd like to be chose by our happy community as we've been since the early days. And yeah, very happy to be here. Thank you. Thank you very much, Sangal. As well as Lakshay and Gan and to all the participants, sincere apologies for the technical issues. I hope you've still gotten a lot of it. And thank you again, the panelists. I got some very positive comments both on YouTube as well as here. And thank you to all of the attendees. It's very nice to see that you are so engaged and unfortunately didn't manage to answer all of your questions, but feel free to reach out to Zivteam. Also Gan has shared some contact information there or to us and we will communicate it with the team of Ziv. So Sangal, Lakshay and Gan, thanks again for this really fascinating presentation. So one, a couple of more things before we wrap up. I would like to ask you to invite you to join the Hyperledger Discord. And we have a Discord community and please join it. You can post your questions here and you can also see how to participate and contribute to our community as well. We also have some other upcoming Hyperledger Foundation member webinars. And these are in-depth webinars with our member companies like the one we see today. Where they discuss the products and services they are building. Next week, you're welcome to join Antoine from Splunk who will talk about observability and blockchain and provide a deep dive into fabric and basil. Please join us there and go to Hyperledger events to register. Last but not least, Hyperledger Global Forum is happening again live from September 12th to September 14th in Dublin, Ireland. It will be a great chance to meet each other in person again. Thank you again for the panelists and to the panelists and to attendees. And again, this recording will be available both on our webinar libraries as well as on the YouTube so you can always come back and revisit some of the information shared today. And apologies again for the technical difficulties. We look forward to seeing you at the future webinars. Thank you, Ruan. Thank you, Thomas. Thank you, Gan. And thank you panelists again and also our participants with some great questions.


The Valles Caldera exists here because it sits at the intersection of two major fractures in the Earth's crust. The Hamas Lineament and the Rio Grande Rift. The Rio Grande Rift stretches from Colorado south into Mexico and is a place where the Earth's crust is thinning and moving apart. The cross-cutting fracture known as the Hamas Volcanic Lineament is a series of connected volcanic centers running from southwest to northeast. Geographically, it starts in eastern Arizona and runs diagonally through Mount Taylor, the Valles Caldera, the Taos Volcanic Field, and then ends at the Raton Volcanic Field in northeastern New Mexico. The Valles Caldera is located at the intersection of these two fractures. Its unique location caused the Valles Caldera to erupt for the longest amount of time and to create the largest amount of volcanic material erupted by any of these volcanic centers along the Hamas Lineament. Research shows that volcanic activity in the Hamas Mountains began about 14 million years ago. From the beginning, this was a nest of small volcanoes. For 12 million years, these small volcanoes erupted, forming the Hamas Volcanic Field. Lava flows and volcanic domes created a complex landscape of ridges and valleys. As these eruptions continued through time, magma from the Earth's mantle continually forced its way into the surface crust of the region. The result of this constant flow of magma is that the individual magma chambers began to melt together into one giant magma chamber. 1.6 million years ago, this giant magma chamber erupted, forming the Toledo Caldera. This eruption spewed out 95 cubic miles of ash, molten rock and super-heated gases called pyroclastic flows. These flows roared out of the eruption centers at speeds up to 200 miles per hour and temperatures of up to 500 degrees Celsius, obliterating everything in its path and forming the lower bandolier tuff when they cooled. The lower bandolier tuff covers an area of 85 square miles in New Mexico to a depth of hundreds of feet in some places. The eruption columns formed by the Valles Toledo eruption rose 20 miles into the atmosphere. Winds spread the ash as far east as the Arkansas River in Kansas and Oklahoma. 400,000 years after the Valles Toledo eruption, the Valles Caldera eruption occurs in the exact same footprint. Thus, we have two Caldera-forming eruptions within a half a million years, one obliterating most of the evidence of the other. Something to consider is that the Mount St. Helens eruption in 1980 ejected about a half a cubic mile of ash. This amount of ash would fill the Superdome in New Orleans 286 times. The amount of ash erupted by the Valles Caldera is 75 cubic miles, or enough ash to fill the Superdome almost 86,000 times. 200,000 years after the Valles Caldera eruption, a more fluid magma began to rise in the magma chamber. Lava oozed out in a toothpaste-like eruption to form the small mountain called Cerro del Medio. These small volcanic eruptions have continued to occur around this central ring about every 50,000 years. The most recent eruption occurred at the Banco Bonito lava flow 40,000 years ago. The one key thing about Valles is it's a giant volcano with little volcanoes in it. So the Caldera-forming eruption occurs at 1.25 million years ago. But the youngest eruption in the Caldera is the Banco Bonito lava flow, which has a date of 40,000 years. It's younger than the youngest eruption, for example, in Yellowstone Caldera, which is about 80,000 years.


Let's go ahead and register a new event. We will click on the green icon that says register event. The first thing we have to do is enter a reporting date. This is different than numerical data entry where we were selecting a period. Now we actually select the date in which the event took place. In this case, this could be when you actually performed the survey. Once we select a report date, some of the other values appear. We can see that there are not many data elements present when we select the reporting date to start. The CERA survey uses a set of rules in order to determine which sections we should enter data into. In this example, if the facility does not offer any family planning services, then there's no need to continue with the remainder of the family planning services section. If I select no, then we can see there is no change. If I select yes, however, the related variables in that family planning section appear and we can now enter data against these different data elements. We can use this type of logic to implement rules to show and hide data depending on our inputs in event programs. Let's go through and enter some data for this form. This would be based off a survey that's collected in the field. There is a mixture of yes and no questions, drop-down items and numerical fields. This is all definable within DHIS2. Let's go back to the top. On the right-hand side, we have some indicators. These indicators calculate the percentage of staff that are trained in certain areas. We can see that these are calculated on the fly. At the top, I have my denominator for these indicator values. When I go through the survey, I enter the numerator for these particular indicators. This is dependent on how I answer certain questions within the survey. If no staff have been trained in a certain area, then it will not ask us the follow-up question as to how many staff have been trained. If I enter another data value and scroll back up, we can see the indicator is calculating as I enter these data values. We can also perform data validation like we do with numerical-based data entry. Here, if I reduce the total number of staff to be less than any of the staff that are trained in this facility, some warnings will appear. We can see now, because the total number of staff are less than the number of staff that have been trained in a certain area, some warnings appear. These warnings let us know that the total number of staff in this facility should be greater than or equal to the number of staff that have been trained in a certain area. If I go ahead and change this value, the validation warnings will be removed. We can use these warnings to stop submission of program data sets. So for example, if I did have these validation warnings, I could stop the user from submitting this particular program data set until they fix this data value, either within the numerator or the denominator for these particular indicators. We can see now that event capture allows us to enter data about individual events. We can also build in rules, indicators, and validation warnings within these event programs. These allow us to show and hide inputs based on certain logical rules that are defined by that health program. In this example, if they do not offer any family planning services, then none of the other variables related to family planning services should be filled in. We can see that if I deselect yes from the question does this facility offer family planning services, a warning appears that tells us it will blank out all of the other data values that are associated with this section. Because if the facility does not offer any family planning services, then none of the other questions apply in this particular facility.


Yes, I'm going to be talking about the streamline and boarding of New Contributors' goal. It was the third goal that got voted by our community, so we can work for how much it over the following years. I'm the one that actually proposed this goal as a newcomer, so I use that as an example, actually, of how I was already a newcomer and I was able to influence the community as someone starting new. So things can happen if you are like after them and have ways to contribute to the goal in the communities. Starting from the definition of onboarding. In simple words, it's about welcoming new people into your community and getting them to know and acquire the necessary skills, knowledge, and behaviors so they can become effective and productive members of your team, of your community, as soon as possible. In other words, we're talking about socialization in the context of an organization, a community, a smaller team, depending on your context. We're talking about integration with people, to other people. We're talking about building a relationship, getting to know the culture of the organization or the team, getting to know the team structure and of course how it gets them back down. What are the procedures involved into this team? Onboarding is essential for usually our organization to the largest ones until the smallest team everywhere. It maintains a healthy and vibrant community. In our, in the open source community context, it increases the buzz factor as it helps you attract new contributors. So probably higher the chances of someone being also maintained as your project and contributed to it. It helps us grow the project for similarly the same reasons and of course always attracting new blood, new people, bring with it different ideas, various perspectives and perhaps suggestions for different solutions that the ones we have been doing so far. So when we are great at onboarding, what we're actually doing is that we are making it exciting for newcomers. We create advocates out of people joining our community that then go on and share things about community and how great it is and how well they are, they are finding it. It increases the contributor retention as more people speak around and help and overload the long term. And for all these reasons, that's long-term value to our project. There are some obstacles here because as we all know, it is a very decentralized community which is very diverse, works mostly online and remotely. There are hundreds of contributors with dozens of different projects each doing their own thing in their little corner. So it's not easy to push like a goal throughout the community. So we need to do this together. There's nothing that I or some other person can do just by working on it. It can't happen like that. We all need to do it collaboratively and each one in each project that we are involved. Where do you find new contributors? Well, the reality is that they are usually the periphery of your team. We are talking here about any skillful or enthusiastic users you might have around. People spending the time to report bugs, maybe test your releases, share their ideas in your community, respond to other users in your forums or other channels that you have for communicating. So keep an eye for those people as those are the potential new contributors, the active ones, the people that actually care about your project and are committed to it. However, I would like to stress a bit your attention to people that are a bit more in the shadows, that might be a little bit shyer and don't have a voice of their own, but they might still be around. So try to look out for those people in your team and your community. They might have doubts about making their first steps, they might find the whole thing intimidating for them, but if you just usually step up and guide them into your project, usually you can make wonders. Ever since the goal was voted, there have been some progress so far. We have worked on the updating of our Getting Evolved page in the main KDE website which had to avoid any duplication, making it simpler and more direct to get you where you want to contribute, depending on your skills. Many projects, I was happy to see, that have started already working on distinguishing junior jobs, like tasks that are specifically maybe adopted to people that are new to their community. I know the KDE Connect developers, how blocked about it, also the Elisa developers and the Plasma Mobile team is doing some good work from that front. There have been improvements to the registered fabricator, which was a bit complicated, seemed to newcomers. And there was also a front-up on improvements to Paxila, which actually this was a goal by its own and there still needs work needs to be done on that. Some other ideas that came up in this process was about making a visit, set up a development environment so people can start working easy and quickly on KDE applications, frameworks, libraries or whatever they are interested in. There was an idea, I think it was by the Debian leader of the Debian project, that we should do more about attracting contributors and onboarding them from downstream distributions. Since we know KDE's softwares through the distributions, there might be people interested in those distributions that will be willing to help upstream. There is the idea of having like a first line of response through a welcome team. So we've seen it, especially lately, some emails coming out to the community of KDE and here I want to help, what can I do? And we're probably too late to respond or we're not very active in guiding people inside the community. And of course, it will be great if we can connect new people to all, to all and more experienced people around our community. So trying to find a person to mentor a new comer every time, it would be amazing. I want to talk a bit more about the Plasma Mobile team which was actually active on doing some things. They have set up a comprehensive guide on setting up a development environment so people can get involved and make it easier to find their way into Plasma. They have set up an interactive getting involved page. I think this is a work of the Mozilla work that helps you and guides you depending on your interests and your responses in a simple way to find your way into Plasma and your first contribution. And they have also been trying to do descriptive tasks which is when I talk about descriptive tasks are short and clear descriptions of the problem. Try to find and maybe include any possible solutions for the new comer coming in that will help him or help start working on it. Of course, if there are any requirements for this task to be completed, it would be great if we could include them in the descriptive task. And then it links to technical resources. What are the skills that this person needs? It is to know so they can start contributing. However, it's important to keep in mind that there's much more to onboarding than just attracting new contributors. We need to be prepared when these new contributors come and knock on our door. What do we do with them? How can we get them involved? So, attracting new contributors is great, but you don't want 10 people outside asking how can I get involved and have no answers for them. On this, it's very important to have in mind that not everyone coming and asking to contribute has the same skills, has the same background, has the same knowledge of your project and your team. The same time to get involved or the dedication and probably different things motivate them into contributing. So, what I would say this and what I would urge it to do when you see these people, try to find their superpower.  So, try to do that. Try to feed that superpower. Try to feed them and guide them into making the most out of it, into your team. So, we are talking here about setting a path, making the way for newcomers to follow so they can be more involved in your project. So, if you are not at the moment doing anything else, I would advise you to at least pick two, three, four, three things out of this small list to do so you can help and improve your reporting procedure. We start always from documentation and here, the majority here is probably coders, but there's more to documentation than just documentation on the code. You should probably document your procedures. You'd probably document your team and your structure, who is working on what and how. So, someone coming in and reading about your project can easily find the person to talk to or to reach out to and all that. Try to set up guidelines for getting started and this includes like, how do I get access to your project? How do you, how do I communicate with you? Who should I talk to and all that? Spend the time to introduce newcomers, especially to other people in your procedures. It's usually people coming into your project will not know where to do something. How can they ask for information? Where can they find information and all that? So, I had to do that in the beginning, it's very important. And of course, I've talked about mentorship and its importance to link newcomers to more experienced contributors. So, be prepared, get to know your team, get to know your needs, get to have an idea of what your team is liking and where it can be improved, sorry, where it can improve and try to plan for the long term when we are talking about a new contributor. Don't just assign a task to them and then forget about them. It's very easy for them to drift off and forget about your project or concentrating on some others. We all know our attention span on the internet is not so big, so you have to have a plan for them. You have to have set the path for them to follow in the long term. Where do you think they can get involved after they make their best contribution? So, keep requesting things for them. So, be proactive, reach out to these candidates, find any tasks that they would be good at, depending on their skills, find tasks that correspond to their interests and of course, try to make yourself available to guide them through completing these tasks. I'm talking about mentorship again because I find it very, very important. Try to find people in your team or project that can actually adopt a newcomer, take them under their wings, especially in the beginning. Try to be a great host to them, show them around your project, what they can do while they are here and how they can do it, who they can talk to. And of course, as time goes by and they gain confidence and are more dependent, try to fade out their dependence on you so they can do their own thing with the rest of the team. I wanna talk a bit more about relationships and the newcomers and connecting to more experienced people. We have all been newcomers at some point, so we all know that it can be intimidating to join an already established group that already has relationships built up and connections and a way to communicate that probably makes you feel an outsider. So, do care for new people, try to introduce them into all that and this will increase their sense of belonging into your community and the higher that sense of belonging is into your team, into your community, the higher are their attention rates and people not dropping off. Finally, I would say try to be more strategic. Try to set some longer term goals in terms of onboarding. Find the objectives that will guide you and will take you there and try to find out the tactics on how to get there.  What do you want them to do? Think of what emotions you want to evolve into them. Do you want to make them curious about your project? Do you want to make them maybe challenged by your project? Maybe you want to make them feel proud about contributing to your project. You can evoke different emotions that could still work and think then about what actions you need to do and your team needs to do in order to get that reaction from them. I have here an example. Let's say the goal is here to improve the onboarding of newcomers. You could choose the objective of keeping newcomers around after their first comment and a way to do that is to make newcomers feel confident and proud. So when they feel proud and confident, higher the chances of staying around. And a couple of tactics that you could use in this example are to praise and acknowledge their contributions. You could do that in public, in social network accounts. You are mailing lists. Include them in your credits of your application or project and all that. And another one is, as we mentioned earlier, to assign simple tasks to them. So by completing them successfully, they feel that they are confident it's better. So they will move on to other tasks as well and they won't be frightened off. So we're talking here about making people feel part of our team. So they need to feel that their feedback is welcome, that their opinion within our team and within our community is valued. And of course, that we have tasks to assign to them so they can contribute themselves. To quickly sum all this up, try to respond quickly to people offering for help and to join your project in any way. Try to spend some time to learn a bit more about them and their skills, experience, and anything they bring with them that could be useful to your project. Guide them, take them by hand into their first contributions. Pay some knowledge when this happens. Spend the time to introduce the procedures and cultures of your team and anything special that they need to know. Connect them to other contributors. Keep them over the long term motivated and challenged by maybe raising the difficulty of the tasks we assign to them so they can feel that they're doing more. And of course, in the long term, as again, more independent, try to turn them into mentors themselves. So in the future, they will be the ones that will be guiding newcomers into your team. People are always complaining about time and yes, this is true. And especially in open source projects, that is even more of an issue. But onboarding is not something that you work on today or tomorrow and you're done with it. And probably everything that adds true value to your project over the long term takes time. We're talking about good code or good documentation and all that, building relationships. So you need to take the time to spend it on onboarding, but this will only add higher value to your project in the long term as people come together, the relationship is stronger and the higher the chances of contributor turnover. I was surprised to see that there are many newcomers here. I might have talked a bit more about that if I knew, but yeah, my advice to them, as a newcomer myself and for my personal experience, try to be more persistent. Don't be disappointed by the first thing that goes wrong. Maybe you get a bad reaction or maybe you make a bad comment or whatever that is. Try to be persistent. Try it yourself to ask them more about the project and the team you are getting into. There are many things to learn about the project so to make it easier for you. Don't be shy, share your opinion with the rest of the team, but be prepared to accept any criticism because you might not know of something on how I think that. And of course, as soon as possible, try to make connections within your team. This will only help you in the long term and the team itself to make the most out of your collaboration. The advice that I was given when I first joined KDE and I was very shy about everything was to try and act already like I'm a member. I'm here, I'm trying to help. I have the motivation and the willingness to help. So if you're here and you're already offering, try to act like you're already a member of KDE and things will be fine. From my end, going forward, I would like to gather even more feedback from newcomers because we have some ideas and some idea about the things we can improve in our community in KDE, but we want to make sure that all of these ideas correspond to the actual issues that newcomers have when they are training our community. So I said, many newcomers here, do reach out to me if you find that there's something that we didn't mention or you have some idea about how to improve the process or you found a big problem maybe. Also, there are lots of experienced contributors that could help us on this front. You're probably leading a team or a project for a lot of time and you're probably already doing things in gatsom boarding that are working for you and your team. So do share that with me or with other people so we can exchange ideas and see how other projects in other KDE communities can benefit from it. It would be amazing to see even more KDE projects being active on this goal. Please try to discuss about onboarding in your project in your community. Try to bring it up, try to see where is the area of improvement, what have you been doing so far, what have you not been doing and have been lacking and you can do better based on the things I suggested or maybe you can come up with ideas on your own. And of course, we are here to help each other and exchange our identity. We are in the process of already organizing the first print for this goal. We chose a topic of making it quick and easy to set up a development environment. As we know, the KDE is a project about coding so we want to make it as soon as possible, mostly about coding. We want to make it easy and very simple for newcomers to get to play with the code, learn it and start contributing to the areas they would like. The idea is to hold this print sometime in August 2018 in Athens, Greece and then you find that you have the skills or interest or willingness to contribute. Do join us in this task. So we can arrange that and see what we can do. And I would like to bring your attention to a couple of other books happening here at Academy with it relating to this goal. On Monday, there is a Conan book that we discuss about how we can integrate Conan and the packaging process that they offer into the KDE development process. There is on Monday also the general KDE goals discussion and on Tuesday a specific discussion about the streamline on boarding goal and the sprint and all of that all included into that. That's it for me. Thank you very much. I'm not sure what the janitor is. We'll talk. Okay, perfect. We'll look into it. So I can see that your process for which one of these projects, right? The morning process depends on each team and how many they contribute. Have you thought about doing some things and all of that? I'd like to talk about how to get in the open, how to get it. That's how the whole idea started to do something centralized. But the more I looked into it, the more I realized that it's probably not gonna work into KDE because I've seen many teams doing their own thing throughout the KDE community. And so that's why the idea of forming a welcome team came up. Like having some people to respond first, people joining randomly. But the more I worked on the ideas, I realized that KDE is too decentralized probably to do something centralized. There is a getting more page and all that like to get you started, but there are too many projects running at the same time. And people usually already know the project they want to get involved. They like, say, K-Mail or I don't know, some other application. So they already reach out to those people. But yeah, any ideas about doing something on the decentralized are welcome if you have. Yeah. Oh, here you go. It's very difficult because many of us, you each want people to get a creation for the world, but we have not ready for creating a creation for the world. So is there some suggestion or some recommendation for beauty, for Asian, charming beauties? For Asian specifically? I'm suddenly a question very well. Yeah, what kind of suggestion for some Chinese? Yeah. What to do with Chinese people, let's say? Mostly they are, they are really having no confidence. Well, the concept for everyone, you know it's more or less on the lines that I mentioned already. So everyone joining a new community, a new project, especially on coding, they need to be aware of the language, the coding language for starters that we are using. So have good documentation of that, have good resources on what they need to read actually, what's their homework, so they can get started into your project. That's the first step. So have something to show them, but avoid the go read the manual approach that will not work with newcomers, especially Chinese people. So you need to have that, but also in addition to that, make yourself available so they can feel that they can ask about anything.  That's very important. I think today, like a year after, keep asking people that have connections with India about the simplest things. And I'm very happy that they respond to me about that and don't just point me to something else. So, yeah, and of course, reach out to them. If you are kind of identifying and already know who is shy, try to reach out to them, offer a helping hand, try to talk to them, see how they can help and all that. More or less what I discussed already, nothing more specific. So I guess that was all your questions for, we'll have a final comment from, but not from the judges. This is getting out from you, I would like to say thank you like us for working on this. Thanks. Thank you. Thanks, Mija. I appreciate it.