together with the case that we listened to this morning and Andrea will be present I mean the exposure assessment put in in a more practical way we decided to have now as the time for coffee is fixed and we have the coffee break will be 10 to 4 and now we took now for half an hour and I don't use it the GIS and the first half an hour will be in a theory and then an exercise is not really and it is an exercise in individual base because it was most complicated to organize but it will show you the some examples so again please be free to as you and if you if you need this extra explanation even during the presentation because now is the time to to ask thank you very much Andrea may be introduce yourself a bit thank you so much thank you cargo thank you Eric and organizer for inviting me to this very interesting course and I will I will go on a on the on the argument that the case in this morning has introduced about the exposure assessment of population to environmental stressors and in particular I I will talk about GIS in this in this topic I I'm I'm from Italy I work at the environmental DPA of Emilia Romagna region that is the the poverty in the north of Italy one of the most polluted area in at least in Europe but not only and it's 20 years I work on on matters about dealing with environmental epidemiology at impact assessment and in particular on environmental exposure of population to environmental stressors as I I work in in an agency that deal with the environment environment okay first of all case at the end of these lectures send send us an email with additional information you you asked in at the end of the lesson so I put this information on my slides but as the title said is I referred to the lesson from case he wrote the two websites where ADM as urban the commercial product the commercial dispersion model is a valuable is downloadable which is and the other one is our model is a free but as case said not so user-friendly software that can be downloaded by the website of the EPA and again from case the information you asked for about European papers on satellite data and rule modeling there are several papers these are three very important article that case and colleagues wrote in in this years so I will leave this information on in the in the in the power point five so going on quickly I will introduce the concept of this very very quickly and and and how the GIS GIS can play a role in in exposure assessment through in the first part through a little theory and in the second part with the some example because as a color said because in for for reason of a very short time and and difficulties in organizing a real practical I will show you some example by slides also with the summer screenshot from our map that is the most used the commercial software but with the example of function that you can find also in the free software like could use or grass or other or other software like friend to do to do GIS analysis and there is a short introduction to Gis what role the role the GIS plane exposure assessment some example in particular on proximity buffering some concepts that case already introduce this morning and in particular in exposure assessment studies so GIS what what is what can do a GIS geographic information system starting from a common user of the Google Maps or other other software that can allow us to put the our mouse or our situation in in in the point where we are I try here to center the Leonardo building this building in the in the area starting from this the GIS can elaborate this information there's this photograph there's this kind of information and separate the information in the different strata code layers that can explain us the different kind of information such as a reduced elevation sensors that is a proxy of density population streets and you can see that are all information directly or indirectly related to environmental stressor in particular a pollution so a GIS geographic information system can help us to managing this special data mapping different kind of information starting from environmental stressor or situation related to population and going on to disease to mortality morbidity data to all information about the illness or mortality that are the three big argument chapters that we have to use when we do epidemiological studies and also at impact assessment exercises and moreover there are many many possibility to put this possibilities to work with this data in a spatial way and so modeling this data and with the linkage or integration of other models for to give an example of these three big chapters if you if you see this the slide we can we can see that we can with the GIS we can specialize a variation in an environmental hazards so we can retrieve information we can obtain information about the heterogeneity of this the distribution of this environmental hazard at the same time in the same place in the same area we are studying we can put on the GIS the spatial variation in the distribution of population and at the end also regarding the again with the population distribution information about population that can be very useful to understand where which population and where the population the most susceptible population is located starting from information about age or sex or other other situation related to each individual and combining this information we can we can have a spatial variation in health outcomes and what is the added value of a GIS software GIS system a GIS approach in in our analysis is that common database allows us to answer to a question like who what when why how this population disease an environmental stressor is occur and in in in the way of occurring but a GIS help us to add the information about where so we can talk about location we talk about trends so we can move on not only in the space but in the space during time we can identify patterns there are also some geostatistical modeling and approaches that we not don't I don't show here but like clustering that is an approach that start from a GIS situation a situation of location of pathologies in the space and and also more of course modeling so also the scenarios counterfactual scenarios that Francesco for us to introduce in his lecture about health impact assessment so how the GIS go through the chain that we will to in an environmental health study or environmental health impact assessment starting from the information about land cover roads topography and other information about the situation the environmental situation we can build a pollution map that is a distribution in the space of the environmental stressors is a good a good practice to validate this our modeling our information we we build the in the GIS software with the monitoring data with the real data if they are available this is the this is not only the case of of for example we're modeling that case introduced this morning but also a kind of validation of our approach to to modeling that could be be made without some information that is crucial for for a correct interpretation of the this pollution maps so validation is is a very important aspect not not I want to to underline not a validation of a single model we are not talking about validation of our mod or another distribution model we are talking about validation of our approach in the environmental health chain to assess exposure of population and then the fundamental aspect of where is the population so and in combination with pollution map we can provide an exposure map and with the information about the exposure response relationship we can talk about at risk in different ways from a point of your risk assessment I think but assessment or make an epidemiological studies a study to to give more information to the this relation to this exposure response relationship the source of data is increasing in the in the last year so there are many many information that are specially available and starting from the existing maps going on on routinely collected data satellite data in this in this morning we talk about this this aspect routine monitoring data and also data built for a specific study design or specific study protocol but the key issues is that these data are to be georeferenced and and a location is a fundamental to to define the location of this this data and this is a very simple aspect as a concept of a very crucial aspect when we work on this on this instrument because there are many many many huge availability of software and way to geocode the information but we have to pay a lot of attention to the accuracy and precision of this this processes this morning there was a I think if I remember a question about how to represent the street in the format and the main two main way to store information in a GIS system are vector formats and raster formats and what is the the main difference between the two if we consider an example about a motorway street a big street we can have a file that describe a GIS file GIS structure GIS a number of files that describe this streets in two way with the vector formats include discrete representation of reality is provided there is a table with the location information about each point and a way a file that described the way in in which the these these point are related and are linked another way is a more under understandable and more common format like images that is raster format in which the the the square is divided in in little squares and each each square contain information that can allow us to understand where the the street is about vector data is the main the main way in which the the information are stored in a GIS file and we can have three kind different kinds of vector data that are points lines or polygons and it depends on which on which information we have to store for example we have if we have a GIS system that represent a GIS file that represent the location of our fixed monitoring stations in a in an area we we will have a point file with a table each of this file has a database one of the file that construct the layer of a GIS file is a database commonly is a database in the in the base format and or other format of common form but there is always this information that contain information about each of the points that are stored each line is a point and then we have other information about that allow us to to put this point in in in the space in the GIS system another system is made by lines as I show before in the slide before about the streets and we can we can think to also streams or also disease vectors and the other one is polygons we can think to a shape file that represent the buildings of a city all buildings are represented as polygons on the contrary raster data has a common structure that is a grid with different resolution that allow us to to understand by information all about each square little square what what which and what what what are and where are the information we we are storing and as I said before for each of these five there is an attribute data that is the the database I said before every every shape file that is a file the name of the file in GIS system as a separate file that contain for each location that can be a point or an arc or a big or a polygon information about this this single structure in this example we have information about I think buildings in in an area with the the area of the building the perimeter the name we can store everything we want to to and we are interested too so with this information we can what can we do what we mainly do with these strata these different strata that are overlapping one each other we can make an analysis of overlapping overlay analysis and in in this example we can we can see three different type of analysis a point in polygon a line in polygon and polygon on polygon these are common way to to name the the GIS analysis and there are very simple explanation that these that we are overlapping information information about point in a polygon a line in a polygon and one polygon in another and this this could this explain the results this in in this case at the end we have information we have another shape file in point format with an additional information we have we will have another column in the database information with information about the characteristic of this polygon white instead of instead of black or other information that it contain in this polygon in this in this situation this information is transmitted to a line polygon and in the last the last example we have two different polygon that intersect and we have as a result a new polygon file with four character for different different information another very used commonly used analysis is in in GIS file in GIS analysis in environmental epidemiology is a proximity analysis and this is an example about distances and buffering distancing distances is related to the capability of the capability of GIS to calculate distance between points distance between a point and and the line or a point in the polygon in in in a very simple way and this is we if we if we think to our analysis you can you can think to a point as a for example and an address of people and we can calculate distance to environmental stress or this could be a street and you can calculate which person are close to a roadway or a major major road and or isolate people that are closest identifying the threshold and this is possible with the simple simple analysis in GIS another situation is buffering if we have it's typical when we have here not a receptor like human people but an environmental stressors like chimney or or a point of measurement of pollution and in this case we are interested in capturing people or or our receptors that are in a circle with a predefined radius and so we 90% of times we can we use this this approach with when we have people here and this approach when we have an environmental stressor here case a talk a talk already already talk about the the first law of geography that everything is relating to everything else but near things are more related that distance things and this is the base the basis of this all these approaches he show also show this this slide so because of time I go quickly on this this regarding a pollution approaches he talk about different possibility to model special data when we have different point of measurement and depending on what are what are our goal we can use one instead of another and this is an open debate of which approaches better in related of the situation of our study for example this this situation that is the nearest model of the foranoi tessellation that unify all points that are most close to an initial point than than all others it could be useful when we are dealing about I don't know electromagnetic fields and the situation of exposure to a source of electromagnetic fields but if we are that is a very fixed situation not related to other points but if we have or for many point of view another useful application is this one is related to the closest hospital where to go when we have an emergency situation and so the point is very very rare respect in respect of this this map but you can imagine that this is a very useful information to choose the the most closest hospital to go and this information can be linked also to information about streets and to to find the most not the most close in in in in a sense but in a but most close related to the availability of streets but in other situations like air pollution other approaches are most used and in the slides in the slide I collect briefly collect the most common approaches to air pollution modeling most of them cases have already presented starting from proximity models that are very simple that are based on distance based on only a geographical situation a geographical information without any information about also without any information about the quantity of pollutant but in in a vermetapidemiology they are very common very many many studies that use the simple information with the important results for example the the resident in proximity of important industrial industry or in a round a very high polluted a very high traffic road there are many evidences epidemiological evidence on this based on this simple indicator these are there are other models that the case already discussed there is an increasing of difficulty complexity and also performance and the the last one is a source apportionment that is an aspect that it's important for for our work because there are statistical models that allow us to comprehend consider the contribution of one single emission sources at the is a statistical approach user that the user GIS to locate information but maybe is a statistical method that applicable when the tail pollution measure and chemical profiles of its source is available but it's very very important also from a point of view of policy makers that because it can provide information about the impact of a single source like traffic or heating or any other agricultural activities or any other approach perhaps I have to move quick it's fine it's time to stop two minutes okay okay I go quickly for example an example different two different approaches proximity and modeling when we have a point source pollution like an incinerator in industry it's very very useful to have information about the dispassion model of this plant of this emission sources because if you can see here the difference between considering these population the red one are population are address of population the if you if we consider distant bands we have these population that is equal exposed to the industry instead if we have the information about the dispassion model we can see that population that is here is very very polluted is leaving a very polluted area in respect of the population leaving here at the same distance of the plant so the choice of the approach depends on the source of pollution and the availability of data but my opinion is a personal opinion but in in case of the point source single point sources of pollution a dispassion model is crucial to have a good approach to exposure assessment the last things I want to talk with before the the break is a residential exposure we don't discuss this but is under our our thing but a residential exposure is a crucial point a very critical critical point because in our studies in 90 percent of study we use residential exposure as the point of exposure of population we know that we move especially we especially we move in during our working age and but there are many service that are surprising for me demonstrate that also people in working age spend more than 60 percent of his time at the address location so if we have to choose one location the residential exposure is the best and we have to be very careful in geocoding our residents because if we go to on the internet of the Google maps and we put an address the software provide us a point but this point is is linked to a sort of probability of success of match of except match and this is very important because if we not have information we don't have the correct information we can put a point of address here instead of here and is a real example when we have no information about the real number of the address or so on yes questions you have a question but questions in the room? I've got a question from a she was asking in all the lectures for the moment we haven't mentioned the health impact of climate change that is highly affected by air pollution and many other variables and just focused on air pollution is it possible to assess the overall impact of climate change on human health GIS or any other mean? yes okay okay I've talked about the GIS in using for environmental stress one of environmental stress is of course also temperature and matter related on climate change so yes there is the possibility to use this information and when when we are interested and when we are in the situation in which an environmental stress related to temperature is specially distributed in an area so this is a case in which the GIS could help to define different levels of exposure to this environmental stress is someone using the GIS here yes please how many people you want to comment easy difficult what do you use the personal address or my address of people in fact I am a PhD student in human sensing and GIS and I think it's usage in human health and what we were talking about is a lot and I was curious about the modeling which you use and from my experience I was just working in a project which shows the impact of different weather parameters in one disease pediculosis although we found that there is no relationship between pediculosis and atmospheric factors but I think that it's a good way to represent the different factors the relation of different factors in health and it's going to be continued yes representation is a key aspect of GIS I have talked about the situation in which we consider an environmental stressor as a potential influencer of our distribution of health outcomes but yes also the easiest aspect the first aspect of specializing health outcomes is very important as different applications such as clustering or other situations that could be very important yes open access I often use ARCMAP that is not an open access software in the second part we will see some example on ARCMAP and we use also QGIS software that is I think the most close also as a philosophy as a structure to ARCMAP I think that these are two main software we use there is an increasing but I'm not an expert of ARC colleagues of mine are expert of ARC and there is an increasing availability of libraries in ARC software that are obviously free that can manage in a very good way GIS data, geographic data ARCGIS ARCMAP is revolutionary okay so we can go for the coffee break so we take 10 minutes coffee break so we are back at 12


Columbia, Houston, we have a tally hole on LDF. Called the long-duration exposure facility, this 11-ton satellite had been in space for almost six years when a shuttle crew retrieved it and brought it safely back to Earth. After delivery to the Kennedy Space Center in several months of close inspection, LDF became an empty shell. Its 57 external experiments were shipped to scientists around the globe, including a group at NASA's Langley Research Center in Virginia. The effects of long-term exposure to space can be seen in this materials and coatings experiment. According to Wayne Slamp, a senior engineer at Langley, the various colorations and strippings evident on the surfaces here were not present when LDF was put into orbit. In fact, the top of this panel looked exactly like its unexposed underside prior to the journey. The goal is to determine the significance of these changes so that future spacecraft and structures can be built with the best possible materials. Don Humes, a Langley Aerospace Technologist, had 22 aluminum panels positioned around LDF. Their mission was simple, be struck by micrometeoroids and other man-made debris. Understanding how many particles are out there where they are and what they're made of is critical in designing future protection for astronauts and spacecraft. Research scientist Gail Harvey is discovering that a thermal control paint used almost universally on spacecraft can contaminate optical materials. This unexpected brown staining will almost certainly result in an across-the-board change in surface coatings for space applications. Learning more about cosmic rays is the goal of an LDF experiment at the Naval Research Lab in Washington, D.C. According to physicist Jim Adams, cosmic rays are fast-moving particles that can penetrate human skin and disrupt on-board computers, another factor to be considered in developing future space hardware. Technologically, what will come out of LDF is a set of handbooks which will be the Bible for how a spacecraft are built for the next 20 or 30 years. I think it will be a very long time before there's an opportunity to fly such a large spacecraft for such a long time and learn so much about the effects of the space environment. More than 12 million tomato seeds carried on LDF have been distributed to students of all ages around the country. The majority of the plants eventually produce normal food and a second-generation plant. In addition to providing valuable information about the effects of space on living matter, the seeds project is designed to excite young people about science. The Long Duration Exposure Facility, six years of unparalleled information extending our future capabilities in space.


Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum, Nature by Design, Cochinil, Marisol Centeno. A young woman with medium skin tone and braided pigtails, Marisol Centeno sits in the middle of the screen, facing the camera, flanked on both sides by colorful pattern textiles. I'm Marisol Centeno. I live in Mexico City and my great passion is textile. I'm the Creative Director of BYU. It's a brand specialized in the design and production of tapettés. Centeno walks down a long corridor to her studio.  She unlocks the door and steps into her sunlit studio. Corkboard with various textile experiments and colorful sketches of flowers and various patterns are shown. And on the other hand, I'm Creative Director of my studio where it's like a laboratory where we do textile research. Centeno pulls out a container of woven samples on a shelf lined with thread and other accoutrement. At a table covered in spools of pink thread, she folds the sample she just took from the shelf. Well, as a designer, it's important to question the role of design in the contemporary context, especially in my country. And a gap between my work with BYU and my studio projects is to ask ourselves how design can be used as a tool for social impact. That's why I think that for me, using responsible processes in the creation of my textiles is quite important. On the other hand, I'm passionate about discovering the stories and processes within the everyday objects and the strong relationship they have with the everyday rituals of the human being. I think it's a way of discovering identity, the culture and the needs of the people. Video of a man with an axe chopping wood. A person grounds cochineal bugs on a metate with a mano. We see a large pot or cauldron sitting over a fire. In the pot are threads sitting in a vat of dye. Someone pours powder into a pot over a fire.  The string in the red dye is pushed back and forth. A man lifts the bundle of string out of the dye. He hangs it above the pot to dry. Centeno stands with her back to the camera, with her arms held above her head. She opens and closes an origami-like woven textile.  We see Centeno weaving on a large loom. We see Centeno weaving on a large loom. Centeno pours cochineal bugs out of a glass jar into a small ceramic bowl. Using a pestle and mortar, she grounds the bugs into a fine red powder. Centeno pours cochineal bugs out of a glass jar into a small ceramic bowl. Using a pestle and mortar, she grounds the bugs into a fine red powder. We pan over bundles of thread and shades ranging from red to pink to magenta.  She ties it to the handle of the pot to soak and stirs it with a pair of tongs. I like spontaneity and I always enjoy it. It speaks of nature, which is perfect, but there is no structure within it that man tends to do with respect to beauty. I love that. On the other hand, I have a very personal relationship with color. I like to think that textiles can lead to these experiences and beautiful sensations through color. And the grain is an absolute sample of how color can be so sophisticated and so beautiful or luxurious. I think it's an incredible pigment. Centeno unties the thread and takes the dyed threads out of the pot letting the excess dye drain off. We see a close-up shot of the dyed cochineal threads. Each bundle of thread is labeled with a name and percentage of cochineal and fixative. When I was invited to the museum to work around the grain, I started to work on color themes. And I came up with this question of how men could see or perceive this theme of beauty. And I think that vision of color is one of the things that men have in their lives. We see Centeno in the corner of her studio on her computer looking at digital sketches. This is the great cochineal. And there was a chemical behind it. For me, it was to enhance the purity of color and make it purer than the chemical itself. So I got involved in this molecular research. And from there, I generated a whole process of formulas to generate reactions from the pH of the pigment. And through that, I made this color extractor. A sheet of paper with names, measurements, color name, and dye time, along with tiny samples of dyed thread, sits on a table. Sketch of Centeno's chemistry inspired wall hanging. It appears to be colored using magenta, red, orange, pink, and purple colored pencils. And that's why the name came up. It's H22C20O13, which is basically carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The wall hanging is rectangular like a runner rug. On the top and bottom are four rectangles of color, magenta, pink, and orange. The main portion of the wall hanging is purple, covered in overlapping magenta hexagon outlines. The shapes created by the overlapping hexagons are filled in with the same color as the rectangles at the top and bottom of the wall hanging.


Well, let's move on to something else, and that is defense now. Some of the, you know, big stories that we read this morning, one of them that of course is being spoken about across the whole country is a kidnap of, you know, 73. Some people say up to 100 students in the Zamfara state once again. Now, well, just to also quickly mention, the Minister of Defense is Bashar Magashi. I was right. I just didn't mention Magashi. But let's talk about Zamfara state. One time too many. It feels like clockwork. It feels like it happens every two weeks. Once they release a set, they take a new set. What would you say is going on with regards kidnapping in Nigeria? I think it's a very simple answer. And I think it's the collapse of internal security in our country. Internal policing has failed. And it's being on a downward spiral in the last 30 years. We haven't built a competent police force. We haven't built a security, an internal security architecture that gathers enough local intelligence. We haven't strengthened local governance across our country. And these are the consequences that we're now experiencing today, such that you can move hundreds of children across a hundred kilometers distance. And there is not going to be a red flag for many agencies to stop or apprehend them. That's a complete failure of internal security architecture. And that is the real problem that we're experiencing in this country. These criminals have now seen that we're extremely vulnerable, especially in the Netherlands, in areas that are close to the forest and in villages across the fringes between Zamfara, Katina, Kaduna, and many of these communities that bother forest and other countries. So it's a complete failure of internal security. We have not patrolled our borders effectively. We have not trained and retrained our servicemen effectively. And fundamentally, local governance has broken down completely. So you have local government chairmen who have no grip of their local governments because they are appointed as cronies by governors and have not been elected by people within that communities. And so they do not have legitimacy to govern. Of course, many of their resources are also used by the governor and very few is left for them to actually administer. And so that breakdown of governance has led to a lot of... I mean, you go to many of these villages in Zamfara. There's little or no police presence in many of those places. The access roads are completely broken down. No hospitals, no schools. They are left... I refer to them as abandoned communities that are completely left behind. You will think you're not in Nigeria when you go to many of these places. And so crime has continued to soar. And the fundamental thing that has happened to kidnapping in our country, however sad it is, is that for every time we flash on our TV screens that 20 children have been kidnapped and around some of millions of men have been paid, what we are doing without knowing is that we are advertising the creativeness of the trade of kidnapping. Because one thing that never happens is that these criminals are hardly apprehended. They are hardly prosecuted. They are hardly jailed. So a young, broke, abandoned person in the forest in Zamfara in Katina in Sokoto in Kirby says to himself that there might be an opportunity for me to make millions of naira if I can get out because nobody's going to arrest me and nobody's going to prosecute me. And it's easy for them to come... Yes, let's bring in Mr Adebayo now. Mr Adebayo, can you hear us? Okay, we'll try to reconnect with Mr Adebayo. Well, Mr Adebayo, another dimension to this security threat that we've seen is the government and specifically the governor of Zamfara state, Bellamitawale, urging people to take up arms. So he's saying that the people of the state should come out en masse. They should face the bandits if they come to their village. He says they should not sleep in the night. They should set ambush for these terrorists and bandits and they should just get weapons. Or any weapon they can find and attack these terrorists who come to invade their villages. First of all, is this a realistic call? Because I wonder where farmers and mothers and fathers would get arms from to go ahead and attack bandits. So first of all, is that realistic? And in a functional democracy, should a protest not be the result and the government taking action? Sorry, I think Mr Adebayo is back. Mr Adebayo, can you hear us? Mr Adebayo, Mr Adebayo, you can go home please. Okay, I think it's an unrealistic thing. Listen, the fundamental constitutional provision and the reason that there exists a government is for the protection of life and properties. The security and welfare of the Nigerian people shall be the fundamental objective of the Nigerian government, without which there actually is no need for government. Because the reason that you need a government in place is for the welfare and security of the Nigerian people. Now if any government abdicates that responsibility or shies away from that responsibility, it has completely failed and has completely lost legitimacy and has no need and it's not fit for purpose to govern. It's as simple as that. Because the alternative is a wild, wild west situation where people now have to arm themselves, to defend themselves from criminal elements across the country. And you don't want to have a country where everybody wants to move around with a shotgun or a cutlass or an arm in himself trying to protect himself for his family. So I think first of all at the government level, many of these governors who I feel are not even challenging the president enough is to admit that they have failed the Nigerian people. They have failed in the responsibility to protect weak and vulnerable citizens and they should take that responsibility very seriously. The Nigerian citizens do not have the capacity to protect themselves from criminals who are wielding AK-47s. So I think it's a pipe dream and I think it's sad, it's not embarrassing, that will be urging innocent farmers to defend themselves from criminals who are clearly armed with superior weaponry, who are taking over villages, who are killing people in their tens and in their hundreds to now defend themselves against those. I think it's sad and I choose my words carefully. I mean it's bottom line irresponsible because you cannot expect, I mean what are you going to do against an AK-47 building, bandit or kidnapper or terrorist? It's absolutely nothing you can do about it. You're bringing a life to a gunfight and it makes no sense that the government that we pay taxes that we pledge allegiance to will be throwing it back to us to say we should protect ourselves. When they move around in SUVs with security escorts everywhere where their children are getting education outside this country, when their families are highly protected, when they live in high-gated estates, highly policed and protected and we have faded and bandit to the philistines, it's absolutely ludicrous. It's absolutely ludicrous and we cannot accept this.  Can you even imagine that we should be having the conversation that the Nigerian people should give themselves? It makes no sense and must not be accepted or tolerated in other places. I'm guessing that the failure that you've mentioned now, where you pointed out that a government that has failed in that regard of that very, very fundamental requirement of governance and should be able to own up and agreed that they have failed. I'm guessing that that covers the state and federal and local level of governance. Yes, talk to the bottom. Can you hear us? I've been hearing you all along. For some reason we couldn't hear you. I apologize for your power situation. It seems the power is off again. But I want to bring you back with regards to the incident in Zamfara, the kidnap of 73 or 100 students once again that is taking place. And I'm going to ask you on something that I had mentioned earlier. The seemingly invisibility, it doesn't seem like a lot of these security agencies exist in those locations. The DSS, the Nigerian police, the SWAT, like they were mentioned, you remember at the end of the NSARS protest there was something called SWAT. The NSCDC, every single level of security, it doesn't seem to exist in Zamfara. And why does it look that way that 100 people can be taken 100 kilometers away and there's no resistance anywhere? Well, one of the things that we have to, can you hear me? Yes. Loud and clear. Go ahead. Okay. Now, there seems to be a collapse of government. There seems to be a total collapse of governance structures in this country. And it's quite unfortunate. We are turning towards, physically turning towards a stage failure because it is unheard of, it is unthinkable that we can be going through this cycle again and again and again, kidnappings of school children every day, every time. These days, anytime I or any member of my family wants to travel and they have to, wherever they are going, it cannot be done by air, it's going to be by road. My heart is always in my mouth until they get there and I know they have arrived safely. Especially when my children are going back to school, you understand? So, it's like, that's why, when I was mentioning Minister Dato'au to go, I mentioned the First Minister first, the Health Minister out to go because of the mismanagement of the health situation, the information minister has to go because of this misinformation. The Internet of the Health Minister has to go. The police have, all these people, they hope that much. Now, let me tell you, we were discussing, I was hearing Minister Dato'au discussing about the issue of the policy trials in the area of agriculture. Now, there is no magic. I do not envy the current minister of agriculture. I don't have any, because there is a policy clash, there is a policy crisis, there is a policy anarchy. Now, the policy of the presidency is directly conflict with the agricultural, whatever agricultural policy that you have. Once the president is saying that he's going to continue with the open-gracing policy, there is nothing, there is no miracle, there is no magic that anybody who is the agricultural minister will be able to perform because the full crisis will still continue to rise, because farmers will not be able to save their farms. These healers will still continue to go there and kill them, because the president says he wants open-gracing, which is antithetical to the agricultural development of this country. And you know that the oil will still go. The oil will still go. I don't know whether we can see oil or oil will be marketable in the digital market in the next 20 years. So we have to fall back on agriculture. And for as long as you allow open-gracing policy, we will never get to the area of agriculture, no matter how good the minister of agriculture is. So that is one thing we have to know. When the government is unable to protect these people, when the government has lost the legitimate use of force to protect the people, we are turning to state failure. If bandits or criminals can just walk into the Nigerian Defense Academy to kill people, if bandits can drive bomb into the police headquarters and bomb it, and who is going to protect us, if our security agencies have, the casino state government came out to defend yourself, is telling you to defend yourself. The sovereign state government came out to defend yourself now. But when the Bedouin state government, some autumn, said the same thing about a year ago, the freedom government came hard on him. Came hard on him. Now the government is saying that I can no longer protect you, go and protect yourself. And that is going to lead to terrible cause. If you say I should protect myself, is that I go and get the pop action, or I go and get the coups, 80% by myself? If bandits and criminals and kidnappers and terrorists can have access to weapons, then the free citizens also have to have weapons. If the government is telling me to protect myself, it takes a good guy with the gun to defend himself and get the bad guy with the gun. And we should not allow that thing to spiral out of control. It's unfortunate that we have failure of governance.    The president himself needs to be sucked. That is the bigger thing. And in a situation where these bandits are apprehended, and then the military says they have surrendered that they are now repentant, and they reintegrate them into society, they forgive them. Where does that leave our anti-terrorism war? That is one of the things I wrote in my column last week. No we are in the war. No we are in the issue of terrorism as any terrorist ever repented. There is no repeater terrorist anywhere. What they do is that they deceive you that they are repented. Look all those people they say they are repeater and Boko Haram members, who are now in the city. You can see they have sought a Boko Haram attacks now. That is because those people they released into the society and that intelligence real time and sending back same to their commanders in the bushes. That is why you are seeing the upsurge.  That is why Eastwap is getting grabbed now.  Displaced many millions of Nigerians. You said you are repentant. You don't remember that general that came out here to say that the repentant Boko Haram stands a chance to become the president of Nigeria. How do we cross that segment can be? And those are the people who are managing our security. You say a Boko Haram, a repeater Boko Haram can be. That is why they have one of them in government now. A confirmed sympathizer of terrorism is now the one managing my data and your data and everything about you and me, about this country to me. So, I mean we should not shy away from the truth. It is quite unfortunate and the other thing I need to tell Nigerians is that the regular Nigerians like us, we should know that we should never allow ourselves to be used against one another by this leader in the area of religion or ethnicity. That gives us, you know, that poverty does not have ethnicity, does not have religion. This security does not have ethnicity or religion. We must never play the religious card. We must never play the ethnicity card. We must come together and make sure that we find peace. In fact, let's forget about even blaming anybody anymore. Let us find a way, let that be a massive action in terms of finding peace, solution to our problems, to our common problems. The idea is that they are protecting themselves. Never allow anybody to use religion or ethnicity to determine how you will respond to national issues. And I think Nigerians must know that. We must know that. We are divided enough. No more division. Let us come together and fight common solution to our issues. That is my basic directive to Nigerians this morning. Marco de Bajo, thank you very much for staying with us all through the discussion this morning. Once again, apologies for your past situation, but we thank you for still joining the conversation. Aya Dele Adio, the Managing Director of the Avalon Daily. Thank you also for your time and for speaking with us on these very important issues. Thank you. Thank you so much. All right, Thursday morning. And this is where we will be wrapping up the discussions on the breakfast this morning. If you missed out, remember where to catch up. It's simply at PLOS TV Africa on Facebook and Instagram. Say it on our YouTube channel at PLOS TV Africa. And we have a second YouTube channel. Yes, it's at PLOS TV Africa lifestyle. I am Annette Felix. And I am Osaugi Ogbor. Have a beautiful September.


Course Reports As a teacher we have access to some very powerful reports, telling us what our learners have been doing in the course and when. To access these reports or logs we click the More link from the gear menu. We can see here logs and live logs, an activity report, course participation report. You may see other reports too if they've been enabled by your administrator. Live logs shows you what's happening right now in your course. And if we click Logs, we can leave it as default which shows us everything everyone has done, or we can specify a particular participant, day, particular activity and type of action. We can also look at different types of logs. Teaching usually relates to what course teachers do that will affect the learning experience of their students. For instance, updating a course section or creating an assignment. Participating usually relates to the student's learning experience, such as posting to a forum. And other might be updating the calendar or viewing a message, things which do not directly affect learning. So let's select a specific date and create and teaching. And we can see that on that day our teacher Sam set up an assignment. Currently our teacher Sam is the only participant in her practice course. So let's go to a different course on a different site to explore reports with more interesting activity. On this course we see that extra reports such as competency breakdown and activity completion are available. You will only see these if they're enabled on your site and in your course. The course participation report is useful for seeing easily who has and has not been taking part in particular course activities. One of the activities in this course, if we click the drop-down menu, is a forum where learners must tell us why they are here. So if we look back one week and choose student and post, we will be able to see who has posted in this forum during the last week. And we see that only students Barbara and Francis have posted so far. So we can select a number of students and message them together with a polite reminder. Finally the activity completion report is very useful if you have the advanced feature of activity completion set up in your course. The ticks against activities are to tell us and you when a task has been done. And the activity completion report shows the teacher at a glance who has completed which tasks and who has not. Thank you.


Man, yesterday was a very disappointing day. First, the Ravens, they get dog walk demolished, beat down by the bingles, and then my wife, she made some chicken rice soup, and every time she makes it, I don't know why I never eat any, but I decided to have some yesterday, and it was bubbling in the pot, and I was like, is it ready? She's like, yeah, it's ready. So I take a spoon and I go, ah, and I burnt the roof of my mouth, I burnt my tongue, and I burnt my lip as well. That didn't feel good at all. And then there's this restaurant that I've been waiting to try some new restaurant, and I'm like, man, I'm so excited to go there, man. It looks nice. I'm like, oh, let's go. So we went, and it didn't even end up being all that. And then to finish it off, we come home and we watch Doom, and it's like, what? What was that? Anyway, YouTube Team Keep It Clean. What's going on? It's saying Raven here with another video, and in this video, I'm gonna share my post-game thoughts on the game that we all watched. I know some of y'all probably turned it off after a while, and I know any of y'all that were there, some of y'all probably left after a while, and that was the Ravens and the Bingles game, and it was rough. It started off like, okay, that cool, but then it got ugly fast. Now, starting on defense, because defense, oof. It was a big yikes for them in parts of the first half, but certainly in the second half. Second half, it just, it got a lot worse. Now, remember though, like, let's not, how quick we forget that the defense, they were stopping the Bingles. The Bingles, they were moving, but they had to settle for the field goal. They went for it on, I think the fourth down, but the Ravens defense was holding the Bingles early on, they were. If y'all don't remember, I mean, it don't seem like it. When you look at the score, you look at the way the game went, but early on the Ravens defense was holding, but Ravens offense, they started off slow. And I think that's a big part of the defense sometimes, because there have been other games where the same thing happens. Ravens defense, they'll hold the opponent in early on in the game, but the offense will start off so slow. They'll start off slow.  So that doesn't do anything for their confidence. And it doesn't do anything good for their stamina either. So just something to keep in mind. But, and after a while, the defense was just like, you know what, we out. And my guy, Marlon Humphrey, love Marlon Humphrey. But yesterday, again, it was his worst day of his career. And hey, were we allowed to have bad days or whatever it is that we do? So again, I don't want anybody to start getting, oh man, he sucks, he's this, he's that, he's terrible, blah, blah, blah. He had a terrible day. He's not a terrible player though. Just something to keep in mind. But yesterday, he needed to just say a repeat of Adrian Brona, because he, I know he was like, man, I'm getting cooked. Because he was, he was literally getting cooked from start to finish. And we all thought, and not even that we all thought, because bingles, they said they were gonna do it. And early on they started doing it. They were attacking Anthony Avent.  Throw to him all day. But then they were like, hold up. 44, forget 23, we ain't worry about 23 no more. Let's go at 44. Let's expose 44 today. They went at, they weren't scared to go at them. They went at them and they were extremely successful. Extremely successful. It's funny because I feel like so many Ravens fans, like we're all coaches, because I heard so many people say the exact same thing this game. The exact, excuse me, the exact same strategy for Jamal Chase. They said, put Marlon Humphrey on Jamal Chase. That's what I saw so many Ravens fans saying. Put Marlon Humphrey on Jamal Chase and let the rest of the cornerback sort it out. And wouldn't that be wise to put your best corner on the team's best receiver who has been just going off against every team so far? Yeah, it would be a small strategy. So you can sort of try to take him out the game or even if you don't take him out, limit him in the game and then make the other guys beat you. Now the other guys, they'll beat them too, but not like Jamal Chase, but that strategy clearly didn't work. And that was Raven strategy too. So the fans, we be honest sometimes. Well, y'all be honest sometimes. So anyway, no, cause I'm usually never on it. But anyway, Marlon Humphrey had a rough day yesterday and the defense just as a whole. Remember those games, cause it happened in two games when Marlon Humphrey told Patrick Queen, wrap up, wrap up. Patrick Queen should have told Marl, hey, you keep the same energy and you wrap up.  He should have done that. Something that's funny, or not even funny, it's actually kind of sad. I don't even know why I said funny. It probably cause I was laughing. But anyway, something that's very interesting to think of with this Ravens team, it seems that, well, definitely on defense. Cause I can't say the whole team, but if it's lacking in one area, then it may be lacking in other places too. It seems to be a lack of leadership. And that's weird. That's weird to say for a Ravens team, right?  It's like, oh, we, we don't, we, Kalleus came, but it's like we got leaders, right? And we do, but in yesterday's game, it showed that there was a lack of leadership because the Ravens defense, they had been getting dog walk, they had been getting abused, they had been getting beat up on. And they were down by 10. Joe Burrow lobs it up in the back of the end zone. Marlon Humphrey makes an interception. Nice play, Marlon Humphrey. Great job. But then he starts flexing and then the whole defense goes over there to go take a picture and they're posing. And I'm like, I'm almost like, all right, because I'm like, why are they celebrating like they're up right now? If this was a close game and the Ravens were up, I understand. If this was a blowout game and the Ravens were up, I understand. But this is a game where your defense has been getting just abused and you're down by 10. It'd be one thing. If your defense had been getting abused and it was a tie game, like I said, it's either a tie game or a super close game. And you went over and did, but your defense has been getting dog walked or well, not all game, but for the majority of the game and you're down by 10 points and you go over and you're all taking a picture together like y'all been doing something, I couldn't believe that. I thought that that just showed a lack of maturity and a lack of leadership because why did nobody say, hey, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, let's not do this. Let's not do this. Why didn't anybody say, why didn't anybody stop that? Because again, it wasn't a nice play at a nice moment and we were hoping that the offense could do something from it. But you're down, you're down.  And again, y'all know, I'm not wanna take the fun out of a game, but this is not about fun in the game. This is about situational fun. Like you got to know what's going on. And that to me showed just a big lack of leadership. That was just no good at all, man. And now that you think about it, this is for Marlon Humphrey. This has not been his best season overall. He's had some good games for the years and bad games too, but he's definitely misses Marcus Peters a lot, for sure. Definitely misses Marcus Peters. The Ravens defense, they miss Marcus Peters just as a whole. I saw a comment, I forgot who it was from, but I loved how they put it because they said with Wink, with Wink that he needs to blitz responsibly. And I love that. That's like the perfect word for it. He needs to blitz responsibly. And they follow that up by saying, he got to realize that we don't have Marcus Peters. So, and then I saw Wola, y'all familiar with him on Twitter. I think his Twitter handle is the Wola writer, but he made a thread about it too. With how, with Wink, he thinks that he needs to simplify the defense a bit because you don't have what you once had back there in the secondary. And he said that with guys, he said you, and I know I remember a drive where we called it out too, that I just said that they were looking so confused. The defense were looking so confused, like, oh, what do we do? What do we do? They all talking to each other right before the plays about to start.  Four, four, one, two, four guys. Tyler Boyd runs to the right to the flats. Four guys follow him, four defenders. Now we know Tyler Boyd is nice. Especially as Ravens fans, we know that. But to put four people on him? So yeah, that was very, very crazy. But what he was saying in his thread, he was saying that with the defense, sometimes it may be so complicated that guys may be overthinking. And then when they overthink, that leads to poor execution with the poor tackling. Cause guys are already so confused on their assignments and what they need to do that they forget about the fundamentals. And I don't think there's an excuse to forget about the fundamentals because that's where everything starts with anything. With anything that you're doing, no matter what it is, you need a root, you need a foundation. And that foundation starts with fundamentals and whatever it is. So that's the basics. So you can't go to the intermediate stuff and to the advanced stuff without doing the basic stuff first. And this team has been struggling, struggling literally almost all season long with tackling. And the only games where they didn't struggle with tackling were in the Broncos game, where they struggled with tackling on one drive in that game, but the Broncos game and the Chargers game. And it's funny that we say that because those are the only two games where they were blowouts, where the Ravens won convincingly. So that would mean that they sort of took away a reason to be bad tacklers because teams, they weren't running on them like that. They were not running on them like that. And it's funny because on the drive in the Broncos game, where the Ravens did that poor tackling, it was when the Broncos were running the ball. But I mean, Ravens in this game, they showed poor tackling against the run and they showed poor tackling against the pass too. So they did a nice little blend of both. But that's been a problem for the majority of the season. So, and it's one of those scary problems for me because it's like, I mean, guys know how to tackle, but we just haven't been tackling. Now, again, Ravens are five and two. So it's not like, oh man, the season's over, it's a wrap, it's done well, it will finish. No, they're five and two. And they going into the bye week. So this will give the guys a chance to rest, relax, come back to Florida for a little bit, come vibe down here and just take a breather. Take a breather because it is a long season. It is a very grueling season. This is a very tough job. It's a tough job. Physically, it's a tough job mentally. It's not for everybody. But these guys, these guys have made it out of the 1% in the world to be in the NFL. So they need breaks. We all need breaks from whatever it is that we do. And this break, I know there were some people that said, I saw somebody yesterday say, oh man, maybe the Ravens, they were just so focused on the bye week. It's like when you gotta come into work on a Friday before you're about to be off for the weekend.  And I was like, I mean, hey, who knows, but, but they'll be okay, man. They'll be okay. The pass rush. Early on, they were getting pressure on Joe Burrow. He was still making good decisions. His footballs, his pass was sailing a little bit. Then I think the pressure just stopped. I think they stopped. And that confidence got built up quick. I mean, they were already confident in coming in. And they were, what, four and two. They were four and two. And again, the games that they lost, they lost by six points combined. So they already had confidence, but this game, this was a huge confidence booster for them. And it let them know, hey, we can hang with the big boys. We can hang with these Ravens. These dudes been dog walking us for the last three years. That's done. That's done, well, for now. So shout out to them. They came in, did their thing. Joe Burrow, what, three touchdowns. Azuma to tight end for both of them. Like it's national tight ends day. He said, Mark Andrews, who? I'm taking this game over and tight end. And he did. Marlon Humphrey, he dogged Marlon Humphrey for that one touchdown, his first touchdown. And on that touchdown, he, there was actually holding. Bingo's offensive lineman was holding. He was holding Kalea's Campbell, but it wasn't cold. And it was crazy. Because Alejandro Villanueva on Lamar Jackson's 39-yard run toward the end of the game when Ravens were in comeback mode. Alejandro actually did less. He did less than the Bingo's offensive lineman did, they no holding. And Bingo's, they weren't penalized all game long. All game long, no penalties. Skill or coincidence, maybe a bit of both. But they weren't penalized all game long. Now, were there lack of penalties? The reason the Ravens lost? No, it wasn't. Ravens should have actually been penalized for how bad they were tackling. Like, if we being real about it. Anyway, special teams. Well, actually defense still. Excuse me, but with defense. Our defensive line, they're very interesting bunch. But they just, it seemed like they don't get that same push. I'm just, every time I really try to think about where can I pinpoint what's going on with the defense, it's so tough. It's really tough for me. It's really hard. But obviously again, fundamentals is everything. That's where I would start. But like I try to pinpoint it to one position group and whatnot, but it's just, it's really hard. I don't know if that same thing happens with y'all, but it happens with me for sure. Panamik Fee, Panamik Fee, I didn't really see him in a game too much, but he certainly made an impact. There was a play where Joey B, he threw it. I think it was an incompletion. But Panamik Fee, he, I think, was it right before half time? Was that the one that led to the field goal? I think it was, but I don't remember for sure. But Joey B through the ball, I think it was incomplete. And Panamik Fee hit him, they called Ruffin and Passer. And I was like, all right, let's see the replay to see if this is legitimate Ruffin and Passer. And it was. It was a no excuse Ruffin and Passer. It was a, why did you do that Ruffin and Passer? It was like, come on, Panamik Fee, Ruffin and Passer. You a veteran, man. You a veteran, you supposed to be the guy.  Well, should have gave that same speech against the Bengals, because they came into your house and took what was yours. And then with that penalty you gave it to him. But yeah, it was just, it was a bad play on his part, man. Bad play, because again, it wasn't even close. It wasn't even like, oh man, that's Tiki-Tak, no. It was way after Joey Burrow threw it through it. So anyway, defense is just, they got to get themselves together, man. They got to get themselves together. And that's a, they're like, that's a, I mean, it could happen any player, but that's like a young player move, like not a veteran, such a veteran, like you've been around the game for a little minute, man. Like, you know this stuff, man. And I know you want to inflict fear and pain in the opposing team, but you got to be smart about it. Yeah, man, I guess that's it for defense, because what else can we say about him? What else can we say? Just that their hearts were ripped from out of their chest this game by the bingles, or literally ripped from out of their chest. And we saw it, especially toward the end of the game. And I mean, I gave them a little pass because the game was over and they, when they gave up that, when they gave up the touchdown runner, Joe Mixon, the game wasn't over yet then. But when they gave up that, that pretty much ended the game though. But when they, then they gave up the touchdown run to number 34. And I was like, oh boy, yeah, these dudes, it's like, you know what's coming. And it was, one thing that was crazy that I didn't understand, and maybe it's just something about football that I'm missing or don't know about. Or I'm naive too. But I didn't understand how when the bingles were up, they were up big. And they were running the ball. So I'm like, okay, we know they're running the ball, cause they're just trying to run out the clock. Ravens knew they were running the ball cause they just trying to run out the clock. The Ravens, I saw that defensive line and some linebackers like, over-pursuing the running back. And I didn't understand like how that was possible. And again, like I said, maybe it's something that I'm naive too that I don't know. But I just, I didn't understand cause I felt like they would, wherever the running back went, they would go there, they would try to feel that hole and whatnot and stop them and whatever gap he ran through. So, but anyway, like I said, that's just me. Special teams. Sam Cook, he was involved a little too much this game. We saw a little too much of him. Now with Justin Tucker, with Justin Tucker, I did not realize how long the field goal attempts were that they didn't call him out there for. I didn't realize that they were 57 and 58 yard field goals. I did not realize that. I thought they were a little shorter than that because there seemed to be some, a lot of confusion, confusion with coaching in that game. Coaching in the game yesterday overall, it was, it was weird. It was very weird. Joe Burrow, just like Patrick Mahomes, at least Patrick Mahomes when we face him, against the Blitz, he's pretty good. He's pretty good. So, but Wink kept blitzing. And again, it's not bad when it's working, obviously. You know, white complainers when it's working, but if it's not working, we just want it, all right, cut back on it a little bit. Especially because your corners are getting dogged. Well, Marlon Humphrey for sure. But your secondary is getting beat, so let's dial it back a little bit. Maybe if we need some more people covering these receivers and tight ends. Middle of the field, wide open. Middle of the field is getting exposed. Azuma, he's wide open all day. Well, on his touchdowns, he was. And then he said, Marlon Humphrey, do you think he about to tackle me? No, you're good, bye. So maybe he should have dialed it back a bit. John Harbaugh, I just, with the play where the Ravens, it looked like they were gonna go for it on like fourth and 10, I think that's what it was. Or was it fourth and 15? I forgot what it was. But the offense, they came out on the field. They stayed on the field, I mean. And the play clock is getting down. And Lamont calls timeout. And I'm not sure if there was a timeout call from the sideline too, but I'm like, why are they calling timeout here? It just, it was so confusing.  Well, I guess they called timeout because they getting ready to go for the field goal. And they didn't want to lose no yards. Okay, makes sense. But then Sam Cooke came out. So they punt it. And I was like, what, huh? What was that about? So it was just very weird, strange, confusing. I just didn't get it. Offense. Like we said earlier, offense, they do no favors to the defense when they come out and they start slow. It, again, because defense wasn't bad all game. They were bad for a lot of it. And we obviously remember there was a lot more bad than good, but they weren't bad all game. Beginning of the game, they were doing it. But offense just had another one of those slow starts. And Raven's got to get over that. That is once they gots to get over these slow starts. Now, all game long. Trey Hendrickson, he dogged, he dogged Alejandro yesterday. He straight dogged him. Hubbard, Ogan Joby. Who else is on that defensive line? The reader, they dogged Raven's offensive line all game long. All game long. And Lamar, too, I think it just got to the point where he started pressing a little bit and he ran into two sacks. One by Ogan Joby and one by Hubbard. It's crazy. I should say one of the ones by Hubbard. I believe he had like two, but Lamar ran into two of the five sacks that the Raven's offensive line gave up. So those two were on him, but they straight dogged. Like even for when he wasn't getting sacked, Bingo's defensive line, they were all over this guy all day. All day. And then on top of that, the defensive line was all over him already. Then on top of that, when they were blitzed like Vombell or something, untouched, untouched, untouched.  What you expect? This is why Lamar, when Raven start like coming back, especially like right before, I think right before halftime, he just was like, you know what? I just do it myself. I'm gonna just do it. That's why he just started running. I think that the statistics show that yesterday the Ravens combined, their running backs had zero yards. One touchdown with Devante Freeman. All together they had zero yards, one touchdown. And Lamar had like 68 rushing yards. That's not gonna do it. I know a lot of that, but I've seen a lot of people saying, oh, it's time, LeVion Bell need to get up out of here. Ravens need to cut him. We'll talk about the running back situation more in detail later on. But it just, with LeVion Bell, this was not his game today. It wasn't. Ravens, they did, not even necessarily force feeding, but they were trying to make it work with LeVion Bell today. I mean, in yesterday's game, they were trying, but Bingo said no. It just wasn't working itself out. Then there was a play, I think, did they run the triple option play with LeVion Bell? They ran some play with LeVion Bell to where I was just scared because it looked like when he got the ball, it looked like everything slowed down. And I was just scared like, oh man, we about to lose big yards. Now there was one play where they pitched it, they tossed it to him and he lost a good amount of yards, but there was another play I'm thinking of. I think it was an option play, but I don't remember for sure, but he just, it just looked so slow. And I was like, oh, Freeman, he, there was one play where he bounced it to the outside and he started getting a little hesitant, just a little bit and he ended up losing yards. Tyson Williams, he had two carries for, I want to say 10 yards. He had two carries, most explosive runner. And again, I think that he's going to be traded. I do. I think Tyson is going to be traded. We'll see what happens for sure, but who knows, man? Because who knows? That's it, man. I know some people think that Devante Freeman, he going to be traded, but I don't know, man. I just, you could tell every game, they don't value Tyson. They don't value what he does. They don't value what he brings. They don't value him. And it's like, it's crazy. It's crazy. And your run game, it was clearly suffering. Like you needed a run game yesterday. You needed it. But nope, they didn't do it. Shout out to Mingo's defense too, man. But Raven's, the run game couldn't get it done. And that's what's been the case for the majority of the season. Run game hasn't been anything special this year.  And I'm not against Lamar running at all, but it just needs to come from some other avenues too. Now the offensive line, like I said, they were getting dogged by Bingo's defensive line like all day. They weren't helping too much. And then it hurt, especially when Patrick McCarrie went out, we'll find out what the status of him is. It's just rough, man. Offensive line, they going through it. Of course, Ronnie Stanley, he only played one game. Now Patrick McCarrie is out. I don't think it'll be for too long, but we'll see. Ben Cleveland, he's out. Bradley Bozeman, they said he was playing with a bad back yesterday. And I feel like, hey, if you, are you at 80% better than like a Tristan Cologne? Castillo at 100%? Cause I feel like if a player is, if he got a bad back, like are you helping the team more or are you hurting them? Which one is it? That's when it's up to coaches and what, cause you know the players gonna wanna play. But that's when it's up to coaches to be like, all right, you either helping us or you hurting us. And they gotta figure that out. But offensive line yesterday, it just, it wasn't good. La Boa, like I said, he was getting hit all game. He was getting hit all game. He was getting, just popped all game, he was getting pressured all game. And yeah, he saw football sailing. He saw incompletions. It's just rough, man. He saw this dude like running for his life. And then he, like I said, he just kept pressing. He started pressing because he's like, man, where's my help? Where's my help? So, and even though, even though the offensive line, they had been getting dug from the jump, the game was still close. It was still close. And then, cause they got the touchdown, like right before halftime with Devontae Freeman when they moved the ball down the field. And then, but then the Bengals, they end up getting in the score. But the Ravens after halftime, Lamar was like, well, no, we throwing this ball. Hit Hollywood for the deep all the touchdowns. I was like, oh, let's go. And then that was it. That was it. That was a wrap. Bengals were like, nope, no more. Not at all. Now, I know I heard some people saying, well, I weren't, were you using the read option more? So to slow down that pass rush, slow down that defensive line. And that's on coaching. That's, that's definitely on coaching. But with Greg Roman in this game, I didn't have a problem with the majority of the plate calling. I did think it was kind of weird that you decided to run a screen on like third and long, third and very long. That's when you decided you wanna pull out a screen in Hollywood. Still wondering why they don't use running back screens, but that's, I guess that it is what it is. But I was wondering why they did that screenplay on third and 15. Then they actually ran, I think it was a screen in Mark Andrews too on another third and long, but it was like, well, it was like, oh, but that thing they called holding on that play. But Mark Andrews here got a lot of yards and the Ravens probably would have went for it on fourth down, but then they called holding. So that brought it back. I think, yeah, that was frustrating because I don't remember who they said the holding was on and I do not even remember what it even looked like to see if it was legitimate or not. But Hollywood, he looked good. Rashad Bateman, he looked good. And literally every single one of his catches that he's got this season has went for a first down. Every single one. And that's crazy. Every single one has went for a first down. Don't know what that says. If that's him, that's coincidence, that's his play design, but it's a good thing. So again, Rashad Bateman has filled in well and he has looked the part, he looks the part. And it's crazy that as Ravens fans, we see this happening. Like we gotta take a step back and really think about it. Like we had two first round pick receivers playing side by side and they were doing that thing. Because like I said, with Hollywood, this year the Ravens have used him like they used him in the playoffs. And I wish they would have done that before, but they use him now like they've been using him in the playoffs. And he's been showing like, hey, that works. He's been open all year. All year. Pro-Shea, DuVernay, Boykin, Wallace. Didn't see the other receivers really involved. Mark Andrews, it looked like he was gonna have a good game. The way the first half started, but second half bingles like nope, not you.  So they completely removed him out the game completely. They took him all the way out. And yeah, that was that, man. You could see like Lamar was like, if ain't nobody else gonna help me, I'm gonna just do it myself. I'm gonna do it myself. But then you could tell he was pressing because there was a one play where it was third and one where Ravens were in comeback mode.  And Hollywood had two people on them. Lamar still threw it to him. Still threw it to him. I thought that was a bad decision. And I felt like they should have just went for that first. Just say they could have a new set of downs. So you ain't even gotta deal with fourth and one. But they didn't get it. It was a bad decision. But they went for it on the fourth down and they did an option play by Lamar. He kept it. He ain't toss it back to the running back, but he kept it himself and ran for the first down. I forgot what happened on that drive. I think that's the drive with that 39-yard run that he got, got called back, I believe. And that was just, when that happened, it was like, oh boy. Cause Raven still had a chance at that point.  So what a game. Anyway, Ravens are five and two. They are not in a bad position in the AFC. They're second in the AFC North. I mean, it's still early though. Again, when they were first in the AFC North, it was still early. Now the second in the AFC North, they could have took a six-one versus four-and-three, but no, they said no. No, we ain't giving you all that. And I know people been like, oh man, well remember back in Super Bowl year, they were five-and-one, and then they played the Texans, the Texans blew them out right before the bout week. And I think that was, oh yeah, that was Terrell Sugg's first game back. He did not look good. But the whole Ravens team, they didn't look good either. So, I mean, hopefully the season's in the same like they did that year, but we'll see. We'll see. Ravens have a, they got a lot of work to do, a lot of improvements to make. Obviously the trade deadline, by the time the Ravens play their next game against the Vikings, the trade deadline will have passed. So we'll see if they make any moves. It's going to be tough. And like, what would you trade for? Would you trade for a running back? Would you trade for an offensive lineman? Would you trade for a cornerback? Lineback or safety, what would you trade for? So we'll see if anything happens. If they make any moves, if they make any changes, we'll see. But again, this bout week is coming at a good time. Give the Ravens some time to just take that breather, because they certainly need that breather. But yeah, that's that. Anyway, Team Keep It Clean. Appreciate y'all. I love y'all. I thank you all for watching. Shout out to all the Team Keep It Clean patrons, the new patrons, the old patrons that have been doing it for a minute. I appreciate y'all. And just thank you for everybody supporting on the channel. Thank you for 47,000 subscribers. Let's keep this thing moving. Got the buy week up, but the video, they're not going to stop. We don't have a buy week. So anyway, Team Keep It Clean. I love y'all. I appreciate y'all. And I'll see you soon, just like the Ravens were. After that touchdown in Hollywood in the second half, I'm out.


Hello everyone and welcome to another episode of Mantic Quick Tips. We have had a lot of feedback so thank you very much for that and we have tested different angles and stuff and now we think we've got our sweet little set up. So thank you very much to Matt the video guy for setting this all up and hopefully you can see everything. So I've had a lot of questions about the holiday hellboy because a lot of people have bought the products that aren't necessarily hobbyists and they just want to know how to assemble it and if this is what it should look like. So this is how you should get it out of the box. The little bits on the bottom of the model, that is how we cast the model itself. So they are supposed to be there, they are not a defect. What you have to do is you will have to do a bit of preparing for these. So first things first is I always recommend washing the model in warm not hot because if you make it too hot you will actually bend the models. So we just want to give it a little bit of a wash in the water and this basically gets rid of any of the residue that is left on the model. So we use a mould release agent to get the mould out of the silicone without damaging them. And we are back. So we have been dried with some paper towel and now we are ready to start clipping things off. So let's start with one of the hardest parts which is the base because you are going to have a nice big chunk of flash on this one. We need to get off so what we are going to do is we are going to go in remember to keep it all aimed away from yourself and I am actually going to aim this one down which I probably should have done in one of our last videos. So it doesn't fly across the table like that. And we will have a little tiny bit left on the bottom and very very carefully we are going to cut this off. And again it is very very very important that you cut and you never file down because once you get resin into the air it is very very bad for you so I would never recommend filing. And there we go. We are nice and flat. And now we are ready for the rest of it. So let's start with Hellboy himself. Just hold on to the bottom of the flash and that will stop it from shooting across the room and also stop it putting so much stress on the actual model itself. And then we have got a little bit under the arm that we need to take off and he is ready. We just need to go in and clean up a couple of little bits. As you will get these mould lines where the two halves of the silicone mould come together you will get a slight line. So what you need to do is just gently scrape the surface and this is just going to cut off that mould line. You can actually get tools that can do this for you but I am just using the edge of a sharp blade just be very careful not to press too hard. Otherwise you will start damaging the model. We don't really need to worry about this section here because there is a bit of a mould line there but that is going to be covered by his arm so we don't really need to worry about that one so much. And then we just want to tidy up the foot because we need to stick that down to the base. He should sit flat. And then the next bit will be his arm. Now there is a couple of little tricky bits on this one and this is one of the ones that I missed when I was assembling mine. We just want to take off this little bit under the skull here again be very, very careful and then there is one that connects them just there. Then we have got another one just there. Then we have got two more pieces just meeting that up a little bit being very careful with your fingers.  Now this one is a little bit hard to get to you kind of have to go in from behind being very careful not to put a lot of pressure on it because I am going to snap off the the cross part and then there is another one just there. We are going to tidy that up as well and just towards the bottom. Now be very careful not to cut off the tab at the bottom of this there is that part there we need to keep because that bit is going to go into the base so do not cut that bit off that is supposed to be there but we do not need to clean it up a little bit so it will fit into the base and then same on this one just need to cut off that piece and this piece the same with this one be careful not to cut off the little peg at the bottom because we need that to attach to the base just go in and clean up any leftover flash and make sure the base is nice and flat because we need it to be able to go into the base itself there we go and one final piece we have this mighty fist a little tombstone and then being very careful on this piece because it is very delicate as his tail just need to clean that up a little bit trying not to put too much pressure on it because we do not want to break the tail and same on this one there is a little peg at the bottom we need to make sure we do not cut that bit off and then there is a little peg in the back of his as well now we are ready to start assembling I would recommend first things first is gluing Hellboy to the base right now we are ready to attach him to the base so we need super glue for this what I am doing is just wetting the bottom of the base where his feet is going to go because there is a very cool trick with super glue that it will immediately start to react when it comes into contact with water so we just want to make the surface a little bit damp and then we are aiming you can see on the base that there is a little place for his feet to go in the middle of the base there is a little indentation for his feet to sit and then with that he is done now we are going to move on to his arm so again we are just going to put a little bit of water in there we are just going to go in line it up and then it just sits inside those two pegs that are on the body and next we are going to do his fist we want to be careful of the smaller pieces because we don't want to stick our fingers to the model itself as it does tend to hurt when you pull it off and now just his tail that just goes in the back of his outfit you can kind of position the tail where you like on this one because it will fit in a couple of different ways now we are just going to plane match up with the shape which means into the base that one sits just there they kind of go in at an angle so they lie flat down the glue on the back of it there is that one done which means that this one has to be the front one this one just like that there we go so I am just dry fitting it to make sure it goes around the right way and then this other long one goes this way hopefully it doesn't pick that up ok we have just got one more piece I think it is around the back this one is a little bit fiddly so again with the smaller pieces just be careful you don't glue your hands to the model and with that our holiday hillboy is complete so it takes a little bit of work it is not overly difficult once you know how to work with resin you need to make sure that it is clean that it doesn't feel greasy that is why we pull it into the soapy water which is just some washing up liquid some tepid almost warm water and then you dry them off and then here be ready for priming so thank you very much everyone for your feedback in the last couple of videos we have been listening and we appreciate it we are still new at this whole thing but hopefully we will have an amazing cool setup like this for our following videos also if you would like to win this assembled holiday hillboy all you have to do is head over to our Facebook page and pop a comment on the video I am sure that video Matt will put a link in I will try my hardest and we will be back soon so thank you very much everybody please like, comment, subscribe and all that good stuff and we will see you again very very soon and I love romantic quick tips