a very good evening aspirants welcome to the hindu newspaper analysis brought to you by shankarae's academy today's date is 28 july 2023 displayed here or the list of news articles that we are going to discuss today so without much delay let us get into the first news article discussion take a look at this text and context article it focuses on the recent flooding that occurred along the river yamuna see the essence of the article is that this gross mismanagement of yamuna floodplains is the cause of flooding so in our news article discussion today we'll discuss about the points mentioned in the article in detail before that the syllabus relevant to this news article is I'll take here for a reference you can go through it first of all what is the floodplain see a floodplain is a flat area of land adjacent to the river it normally extends from the banks of the river to the outer edge of the valley you can look at this image for a better understanding remember a floodplain consists of two parts the floodway and the flood fringe the main channel of the river is called floodway beyond the floodway is the flood fringe the flood fringe extends from the outer banks of the floodway to the edge of the river valley for perennial rivers the floodway or stream channel has water for almost all year round the flood fringe receives water mainly during the rainy season and during floods so having this basic understanding now let us see about the yamuna floodplain see the river yamuna enters New Delhi from Palla village and exits oklah barrage the yamuna floodplains are two kilometer wide on each side along deli the river flows for about 22 kilometer this 22 kilometer along with the two kilometer wide floodplains is designated as the o zone by the deli development authority and this area is approximately 6700 hectares so what are the importance of yamuna floodplains see the floodplains act as natural flood control yamuna floodplains act as a natural sponges that can observe excess water during heavy rainfall or when river overflow this helps mitigate the impact of floods thereby protecting adjacent areas from severe flooding secondly they play an important role in groundwater recharge see during periods of flooding water from river water infiltrates into the ground and recharges the underlying aquifiers this process helps maintain groundwater levels and provides a reliable water source for human use thali the yamuna floodplains also play an important role in floodwater storage and slow release see indian monsoon is known for its uncertainty right there are years when we receive excess rainfall and there are years when we receive deficit rainfall with climate the indian monsoon has become more and more unpredictable to address this issue we need a floodplain the floodplains help in ensuring stability in water availability and help balance between years of excessive rainfall and years of low rainfall since the floodplains can hold large volumes of water during floods they also act as natural reservoirs during the years of lean monsoon the water stored in the floodplains is slowly released over time this low release of water over time helps regulate river flow preventing sudden surges and maintaining more consistent water levels downstream lastly the yamuna floodplains also provides livelihood opportunities see of the 9700 hectares of yamuna floodplains in delhi 3330 hectares or farmlands as of 2020 forming is mainly practiced along the pala and hiranki villages farmers use the rich silt deposited by the river to grow crops like rice wheat and flowers on one hand forming has low ecological footprint and on the other hand it provides livelihood opportunities to farmers and in turn curbing distress migration so these are all some of the important roles played by the yamuna floodplains now the problem in delhi is that due to heavy in migration and lax government regulations many human settlements emerged along the floodplains mainly along the flood fringes and this year due to unpredictable rains in july river yamuna started swelling this resulted in the river's pilling over into its flood fringe and in turn flooding the human settlements located there this is what happens when us humans fail to recognize the river's right to expand see i mentioned that flooding happens due to increasing human settlement in the yamuna floodplains right but when did the problem start when did human settlements start emerging along the floodplains of the river see the first phase of settlement happened post independence from the refugees from western panchap started settling along the floodplain then during the first and second five-year plan period the government promoted rapid urbanization during this period rajgat the ring road and the thermal power plant were constructed in the yamuna floodplains then during the 1982 asian games more than one million migrant laborers came to delhi from the neighboring states they were tasked with building flyovers sports facilities and luxury apartments but they were not provided any formal housing so once the asian games got over these laborers settled along the yamuna floodplains like this slowly wave after wave illegal settlements increased along the floodplains the judiciary took some steps towards the issue for example in 2004 delhi high court ordered eviction of unauthorized settlement on the floodplains due to this order around two lakh people were evicted then in 2016 the national green tribunal imposed a blanket ban on agriculture related activities till the yamuna is restored and made pollution free but both these backfired although the judiciary acted with right intentions the clearing of unauthorized settlements and farming areas along the yamuna floodplains resulted in the increase in capital incentive projects along the floodplains which are more dangerous to yamuna floodplains bus deports akshirdham temple complex commonwealth games village metro deports luxury apartments and highways were constructed along the yamuna floodplains this is how human settlement emerged along the floodplains it is not like the government did not know about the ill effects of allowing human settlements along the floodplains there are many government regulations that have provisions regarding conservation of floodplains but it is in the implementation where the government has failed for example the yamuna floodplain was designated as a protected area free from construction in the delhi master plan of 1962 then in the year 2000 the central groundwater authority notified the floodplains as protected for groundwater management finally in the draft master plan for delhi 2041 the yamuna floodplains were designated as zone o it was subdivided into two parts river zone that is active floodplains and river front along the river zone that is active floodplain construction is prohibited so the rules and regulations are in place but the implementation is not happening this has led to more encroachment and risk of flooding now finally let us see what can be done to avoid flood encroachment which is the main root cause of all the misery that delhi is facing right now see the solution is proper floodplain zoning floodplain zoning is a way of managing the use of land in areas that are prone to flooding the main purpose of floodplain zoning is to reduce the risk of damage and protect people and property from the dangers of flooding floodplain zoning basically involves dividing the floodplain into different zones each zone will have specific rules and restrictions on what can be built or done there for example in areas close to the river or stream where flooding is most likely to occur they will have stricter rules in these areas construction of homes or buildings is restricted or even prohibited this helps in minimizing the potential for loss and damage during floods on the other hand areas further away from the river or stream may have fewer restrictions and certain activities like parks or agriculture might be allowed this is because the risk of flooding is lower in those areas so in essence floodplain zoning helps in ensuring that development is balanced with the natural processes of the floodplains in addition to floodplain zoning steps like creating climate resilient infrastructures desulting drains creating green areas and improving drainage systems can also help reduce the risk of flooding so in conclusion we can say that although natural hazards like flooding will continue to happen in the future but by taking proper steps we can prevent these hazards from turning into a disaster that's all regarding this news article we saw in detail about what led to flooding in the amount of floodplains what are the reasons for the human settlement in the floodplains and how the issue can be sorted out so these learned points now let us move on to the next news article discussion this business page article says that our government is open to introducing a protection linked incentive that is PLI scheme for investments in the chemicals and pharmaceuticals sectors the government is of the opinion that the PLI scheme will help in reducing import of chemicals which can be produced in India this is the cracks of the article given here in this context let us quickly revise about what is this PLI scheme see the protection linked incentive or PLI scheme was introduced by the government of India the scheme aims at promoting domestic protection and reducing imports it provides performance linked incentives to businesses the scheme aligns with the make in India initiative and it encourages both foreign and domestic companies to expand their production and exports for example let's consider the automobile industry under the PLI scheme automobile manufacturers or offered incentives based on incremental sales of cars manufactured in India this means that if a company increases its sales of domestically produced cars compared to the previous year it becomes eligible for incentives this encourages companies to produce more vehicles domestically so this will not only boost employment opportunities but also reduce the country's reliance on imported automobiles the eligibility criteria for availing the PLI scheme differ across sectors to be eligible companies must have a registered manufacturing unit in India the minimum investment requirements also vary depending on the sector like rupees 10 crore for micro small and medium enterprises rupees 100 crore for others and approximately thousand crores for investment-oriented companies so far the government has announced the PLI schemes for 14 sectors the 14 sectors are mobile manufacturing manufacturing of medical devices automobiles and auto components pharmaceuticals bulk drugs speciality steel telecom and networking products electronic products white goods like acs and leds then renewable energy products textile products solar pv modules advanced chemistry cell acc battery and finally drone and drone components see the scheme will provide an incentive of four percentage to six percentage on incremental sales of goods manufactured in India to eligible companies for a period of five years let me explain the working of the scheme with an example imagine there is a company called xy that manufactures electronic devices like smart phones in India under the PLI scheme xy would be eligible for incentives based on their incremental sales of domestically manufactured phones which means the increase in sales compared to a base year let's say in the base year xy sold one lakh smartphones now in the following year xy manages to sell one lakh 20 000 smartphones then they would be eligible for incentives on the 20 000 incremental units sold the incentives provided would be in the range of four percentage to six percentage of the value of those 20 000 additional smartphones this is how the PLI scheme actually works now let us see why this scheme is significant see firstly it boost domestic manufacturing as i already said the PLI scheme encourages companies to increase their production capacity this contributes to reducing the country's reliance on imports and strengthens the make in india initiative second significance is the creation of employment opportunities the PLI scheme incentivizes companies to expand their manufacturing facilities in india this results in generation of employment opportunities in india then it will help in reducing import dependency the scheme encourages domestic companies to increase their production and compete globally therefore it helps to decrease the need for importing goods from other countries then it will also encourage technological advancements to quantify for incentives companies need to enhance their production capabilities right this will encourage companies to adopt advanced technologies and practices finally it will also help in attracting foreign investment so these are all some of the important points that you have to remember about PLI scheme a very important and an innovative scheme so make note of it and use it in your main sansa writing so with these learned points now let us move on to the next news article discussion take a look at this news article recently the union health ministry announced that it is going to relax the norms for biosimilars in response to the health ministry's announcement a section of scientists and doctors has urged the health ministry and department of biotechnology to not to ease the norms for biosimilars they pointed out that relaxing the norms would affect the safety of the patients and it would create other hazardous effects some health experts say that about three percentage of biosimilar drugs are found to be of non-standard quality even when regulations are in place then imagine what will happen if the norms are relaxed so they urged the health ministry not to relax the norms for biosimilars this is about the news article given here so in this news article discussion let us understand what is this biosimilars but to understand biosimilars you should first learn about biologics biologics refers to the biological medicines that have been developed from living organisms like human animal microorganism and etc basically the biologics consist of sugar protein nucleic acid or living entities like cells and tissues biologics are mostly developed using biotechnology methods like recombinant DNA technology or using other cutting-edge technologies some of the examples of biologics include vaccines gene and some blood products like plasma and serum now here you might have a doubt how biologics are different from conventional drugs see most of the conventional drugs are developed using chemical synthesis methods here chemical synthesis methods refers to the process by which one or more chemical reactions are performed to convert a raw material into a final product since conventional drugs are produced using chemical synthesis methods the structure of the drug is always identifiable this means that a finished conventional drug can be analyzed to determine all the various components of the drugs this factor helps the researchers to develop conventional drugs with similar composition but if we take biologics most of the biologics are developed using biotechnology methods and they contain complex mixtures of biological components from living organisms here the issue is some of the components of a finished biologic may be unknown therefore the biologics are not easily identified or characterized this is the main difference between biologics and conventional drugs having this understanding now let us see what is biosimilars see biosimilars refers to the biological medicine that is highly similar to already approved biological medicine so we can say that biosimilars are an identical copy of already approved original biologics here the biologic which is used to develop biosimilar is called the reference product now talking about the problems with the biosimilars see as we already saw it is hard to identify the confidence present in biologics this is because biologics contain a complex mixture of biological components from living organisms so developing biosimilars with the help of biologics may end up in developing low standard drugs this is the main problem with the biosimilars and that is why scientists are urging the government not to relax the norms that's all regarding this news article in this news article we learnt about a new term called biosimilars so with these learnt points now let us move on to the next news article discussion look at this text and context page see today that is july 28 is world hepatitis day so five quiz questions related to hepatitis appeared in the news today we'll try to answer the quiz questions but before that we shall learn few facts about hepatitis and its types what is hepatitis see in general hepatitis refers to the inflammation of the liver the liver inflammation occurs when there is a damage to the liver cells look at the image here this is how an inflammatory liver looks like here the liver has become enlarged beyond its normal size this inflammation of the liver is only termed as hepatitis now what causes this liver inflammation see mostly liver inflammation can be caused by several viruses like hepatitis a virus hepatitis b virus and so on remember if the inflammation of the liver is caused by the virus then it is termed as viral hepatitis apart from viruses several other factors like drugs and alcohol consumption then certain genetic disorders can also cause liver inflammation moving on to the types of hepatitis see there are five type of hepatitis like hepatitis a b c d and e each type of hepatitis is caused by a different hepatitis virus now let us learn about the one by one first let us take hepatitis a see hepatitis a is caused by hepatitis a virus h a v hepatitis a is mostly a foot-borne illness it can be spread through contaminated water and unwashed food note that hepatitis a can be easily transmitted especially in children but the good thing is that hepatitis a is least likely to damage the liver it is usually mild and completely resolved within six months now coming to hepatitis b see hepatitis b is caused by the hepatitis b virus h b v it is transmitted through exposure to contaminated blood needles syringes or bodily fluids it can even transmit from mother to baby in some cases hepatitis b may lead to long-term liver damages and liver cancer now coming to hepatitis c see hepatitis c is caused by the hepatitis c virus h c v like hepatitis b it is also transmitted through infected blood or from mother to newborn during childbirth in the long-term hepatitis c can also lead to liver cancer now talking about hepatitis d see hepatitis d is also called delta hepatitis it is a serious liver disease caused by the hepatitis d virus h d v it is transmitted through direct contact with infected blood hepatitis d is a rare form of hepatitis that only occur in conjunction with hepatitis b infection know that hepatitis d virus cannot multiply without the presence of hepatitis b okay so we can say that hepatitis d occur in the person when such person is affected with hepatitis b now talking about hepatitis e see hepatitis e is a water-borne disease caused by the hepatitis e virus h c v hepatitis e mainly occurs in the area where there is poor sanitation hepatitis e is predominantly found in africa asia and south america so these are all the facts about the types of hepatitis talking about the symptoms the symptoms of hepatitis include fever loss of appetite diarrhea nausea abdominal discomfort and jaundice in some cases hepatitis can also cause liver cancer talking about its prevention see the prevention of hepatitis transmission varies depending upon the type for example hepatitis e or most commonly spread through food and water so some activities like washing the hands carefully after using the bathroom then avoiding fruits and vegetables that are washed or grown in unsanitized water can prevent the transmission of hepatitis a and e now coming to hepatitis b c d as i said earlier these types of vaccines commonly spread through infected blood or bodily fluids so activities like using unused and clean needles then avoiding the sharing of toothbrushes and razors may help to prevent the spread of hepatitis b c and t talking about the vaccination exit hepatitis c all other types of hepatitis can be prevented by administering vaccine so remember currently there is no vaccine for hepatitis c now with these accumulator informations let us try to answer the quiz questions look at this first question the question has to find the segments in the liver see as hepatitis is related to liver inflammation this first question about liver was asked as you all know liver is the largest organ in the human body it is located in upper right part of the abdomen it performs various functions in our body like controlling chemical levels in the blood then breaking down fats and so on remember anatomically liver is divided into eight independent segments each segment of the liver has its own inflow and outflow of the blood so the correct answer for this question is eight segments moving on to the second question this question asked you to find what was the original name of hbv vaccine see hepatitis b vaccine or hbv is used to prevent hepatitis b infection the original name of this vaccine is recombi wax hb or recombi wax hepatitis b this vaccine was developed using recombinant DNA technique that's why the name recombi wax was used okay i'm not really very sure about this answer we'll wait till tomorrow to confirm what is the right answer okay now look at this third question recently paleopathologist cracked a 200 year old puzzle the puzzle is what killed Beethoven they figured using DNA analysis finally that it was hepatitis b egged on by his love of consuming spirits what recombinant of the genus composer did the experts use to arrive at their conclusion this is the question see the person mentioned here Beethoven he was a german composer and pianist who was born in 1770 he was one of the most admired composer in the history of western music later he also got many health complications subsequently the hearing of Beethoven also deteriorated so he used some hearing aids sadly he died in 1827 but the reason for death was not known for many years the recent DNA analysis revealed that the cause of Beethoven's death was due to severe liver inflammation associated with alcohol consumption and hepatitis b infection here coming to the question what remnants of Beethoven are used to arrive at the cause of the death the correct answer is the hair of Beethoven it is used to arrive at the cause of the death now coming to the fourth question vaccines are available for some strains of hepatitis not for others which are they see we saw the answer for this already the correct answer here is hepatitis c now moving on to the final question medication has been proven to cure one particular stain of hepatitis studies show that about 95 percentage of those with the infection are cured with these drugs which strain is it see the correct answer is hepatitis c despite the vaccine not being available for hepatitis c it is curable in more than 95 percentage of cases see people who test positive for hepatitis c should be treated with direct active antiviral drugs that is daa drugs okay so these are all some of the points that you have to make note of with respect to hepatitis with these learned points now let us move on to the next news article discussion take a look at this editorial article it speaks about some serious concerns regarding the forest conservation bill on july 26 the Lok Sabha passed the forest conservation amendment bill with no significant alteration from the initial version presented in march it ignored strong public objections that highlight a number of concerns the preamble of the bill promises to achieve net zero emissions by 2070 creating a carbon sink increasing forest cover and improving the livelihoods of forest dependent communities however the operative part of the bill shows little assurance to the preamble so this is the crux of the editorial article given here so in this news article discussion we shall see some of the important points mentioned in the editorial article before that the syllabus relevant to this news article is highlighted here for your reference you can pass the video and go through it now talking about the bill see this amendment bill acknowledges the need to address current development requirements but it significantly deviates from the original forest conservation act of 1980 regarding the newly proposed amendments the environmental experts are concerned about three key aspects of the bill they are narrow definition of forest exclusion of significant track of forest area and granting of sanction to additional activities now let us discuss these three aspects in detail firstly the narrow definition of forest see the bill will significantly restrict the application of the landmark godha verman judgment of 1996 this judgment actually extended the scope of the original 1980 act according to the judgment even the areas with trees can be considered as forest rather than just areas legally notified as forest but the current amendment narrows the scope of the forest conservation act because it includes only legally notified forest and forest notified in government records this change in definition could potentially impact around 28 percentage of india's forest cover while these forests may include just fruit orchids and plantations they are also needed for conservation of india's rich biodiversity if you don't understand let me explain it with an example for example imagine there is a forest land in nahaland which is not recorded as forest by the government but this forest has been protected by indigenous tribes for centuries let's assume the state government didn't identify this forest despite the godha verman judgment since this forest is not identified by the state government according to the new amendment the government is free to allow the destruction of these forests for construction and development now this narrow definition of forest in the bill might ultimately lead to exploitation of more forest areas this is the first concern now coming to the second concern that is the exclusion of significant tracks of forest areas see the bill excludes certain fragile ecosystems from requiring forest clearances also the security related infrastructure development within 100 kilometer of international borders is exempted from getting clearance this exemption engages the ecologically crucial areas like the forest in the northeast in india and the high altitude himalayan forest which are globally recognized as biodiversity hotspots now this is the second concern thirdly the bill introduces exemptions for construction projects like zoos safari parks and ecotourism facilities see artificially created green areas and animal enclosures are very different from natural ecosystems which provide a bouquet of ecosystem services that contribute significantly to human well-being another important concern in the bill is that it also grants unrestricted powers to the union government to specify any desired use beyond those specified in the amendment these provisions raise legitimate concerns about the potential exploitation of forest resources without adequate environmental scrutiny because of these concerns the bill has been met with widespread criticism from environmental groups forest right activists and opposition parties also note that the bill does not mention the forest rights act 2006 which gives forest people certain rights over forest land this means that forest people may not be consulted before the land is diverted for non forest purposes this could lead to the disempowerment of forest people and the violation of their rights take for example in napal involving forest people in the management of forest has helped to increase forest cover from 26 percentage to 45 percentage in just three decades if india is to meet its climate goals it should involve forest people in the management of forest apart from this the forest conservation act of 1980 took a protective approach to forest clearances making the process time consuming and expensive but the proposed amendment does not address these flaws instead it simply exempts certain sectors from the FCA's requirements according to the author this is not a good solution because it removes an important check on the environmental impact of development projects currently the bill is being debated in the rajeshaba and it is not yet clear whether it will be passed or not however the concerned rise about the bill or series and they should be carefully considered before the bill is finalised that's all regarding this news article in this news article we saw some of the objectionable provisions in the forest conservation amendment bill so with these learnt points now let us move on to the next news article discussion take a look at this news article it says that Pradhan Mantri Gram in Sadak Yojana PM Gsy has not been able to complete the construction of all the roads that were planned under the first and second phases this has caused a lot of inconvenience to people living in rural areas who are still waiting for road connectivity so the parliamentary panel has asked the government to take steps to complete the construction of the remaining roads and to ensure that the targets under the scheme are met so in this context let us learn about Pradhan Mantri Gram in Sadak Yojana see the Pradhan Mantri Gram in Sadak Yojana PM Gsy was launched in 2000 to provide all weather road connectivity to unconnected villages in India this scheme is funded jointly by the central government and the state governments under this scheme roads are constructed to a minimum standard of 7.5 meters width and 100 mm thickness the roads are also designed to be all-weather meaning they can be used throughout the year regardless of the weather conditions rural roads constructed under the scheme will be in accordance with the standards set by the Indian Roads Congress IRC which was set up in 1934 now coming to the important objective of the scheme see firstly it aims to provide road connectivity to all villages with a population of 500 or more in the plains and 250 or more in the hills secondly the scheme aims to improve the quality of existing rural roads also it targets on promoting the economic development and social inclusion in rural areas now what is the funding pattern as I already said the union government bears 90 percentage of the project cost in respect of projects sanctioned in northeast and Himalayan states whereas for other states the union government bears 60 percentage of the cost remaining will be funded by the state governments so it is a centrally sponsored scheme now moving on to the achievements of the scheme see as of March 2023 PM Gsy has connected over 178,000 villages in India the scheme has helped to improve the connectivity of rural areas to markets schools and hospitals this in turn has led to increased economic opportunities and improved access to essential services for rural communities despite these achievements there are some drawbacks in implementing the scheme the government has not able to provide the necessary funds to complete all the projects under PM Gsy this has led to delays in road construction and some villages have had to wait years for their road to be built the Panchayati Raj institutions are responsible for implementing PM Gsy projects in rural areas however these PRIs have not been involved in the planning and execution of these projects this has again led to delay of projects in some areas like the hilly states the working season for road construction is limited due to the weather this can lead to delays in project completion additionally the difficult terrain in these areas can make road construction more challenging and expensive in some areas like those affected by left wing extremism there are security concerns that can hinder road construction so these are all some of the challenges in implementing the scheme which is delaying its completion overall the scheme is a major initiative to improve rural connectivity in India it has helped to promote economic development social inclusion in rural areas so these are all some of the important facts that you have to remember about Pradhan Mantri Gram in Sathak Yodjana that's all regarding the hindu newspaper analysis for the day now let's move on to the next part of the newspaper analysis which is the preliminary practice question discussion look at this first question which of the four options given best defines the term biosimilar see the correct answer here is option C biosimilars refers to a biological medicine that is highly similar to already approved original biological medicine okay so the correct answer is option C now moving on look at this question about production linked incentives scheme three statements are given and you have to find how many statements are correct here first statement incentive is provided for incremental sale of domestically manufactured goods second statement both foreign and domestic companies are covered under the scheme now the third statement says recently the chemical and petrochemicals sector is included under PLA scheme see here this third statement is alone incorrect as we saw in the discussion the government is open to inclusion of chemicals and petrochemical sectors under the PLA scheme but it is still not included under the scheme okay so here the correct answer is option B1 Lee 2 now look at this question about Pradhan Mantri Gram in Sathak Yodjana three statements are given and you have to find how many statements given here are correct see here the correct answer for the question is option A1 Lee first statement is actually correct the scheme is partially funded by central and state governments so it is a centrally sponsored scheme now the second statement is actually not correct scheme aims to provide road connectivity to all unconnected villages in the country not just Himalayan and northeastern states now the third statement is also incorrect the scheme is being implemented by ministry of rural development so here the correct answer for the question is option A1 Lee 1 now moving on displayed here are the main practice questions for you today just go through the question try to write an answer and post it in the comment section with us we came to the end of the news article discussion if you like the video hit like do comment and don't forget to subscribe to Shankar IAS Academy YouTube channel now thank you for listening


In the last two videos we looked at what a put-out is and how defensive players generally get credit for put-outs, and then we also have looked at the eight automatic ways that a catcher can receive credit for a put-out. So in this video I'm going to look at the seven ways that a fielder other than the catcher can receive credit for a put-out. So let's scroll down here and let's start off with the number one, and that is, will take place during a play in which we have the infield fly roll put into effect. And so this states that if the, remember the infield fly roll is if the umpire judges a ball could be caught you know by with ordinary effort on the part of the fielder that the batter is automatically out. And so if in that situation a as usually happens if a fielder you know will run over and catch the ball then what he will have done is actually he will have fulfilled this criteria for the put-out. So it's a pretty simple you know the guy that catches the fly ball it's the one that gets credit. But in the event that the the runner or the fielder does not catch the ball the batter is out anyway because the umpire is called the infield fly roll which means by definition he is out automatically. So the the official score credits the put-out to the fielder who he believes should have made the catch or could have made the catch. So the during the infield fly the player or the fielder judged this is judged by the the by the official scorekeeper. So the fielder judged to have the best chance we could say to catch the fly ball. Spell chance right the best chance and so so basically that's you know if it's popped up near second base basically what we're saying is that you know probably be giving it to the second baseman or the shortstop. The second way is that if a runner is touched by a fair ball then the runner is automatically out as we know. So the the fielder that gets credit for the put-out then will be the fielder closest to the play. So if a runner is touched by a fair ball and remember if it's a foul ball then it doesn't doesn't matter he's not out it's just a kind of a do-over it's a foul ball so we continue on the game. So if the if the runner though is touched by a fair ball it's the the the put-out goes to the closest fielder to the play. The third way is that if a runner is called out for being out of the baseline in order to be to avoid being tagged then the the the put-out is credited to the fielder who the runner was attempting to you know to avoid. So if a runner is out of the baseline the put-out goes to the fielder who he was avoiding. And so actually and it's important to remember that in order to go out of the baseline you must be avoiding a tag. So you can basically you can you can it's kind of a common misconception but really you can run wherever you want to on the field as a runner as long as you're not trying to avoid a tag. But as soon as you start trying to avoid that tag then there's certain rules that come into effect. So but that that's for another video. So the next way the fourth way is that if a one runner on the bases passes another runner then we would credit the put-out obviously this is something you can't do. It's an out if one runner passes another. So we credit that out to the fielder nearest the point of passing. So if one runner passes another the put-out goes to the the fielder closest to the point of passing. The pass took place. The the fifth way is that and there are seven here in this this this series. So the fifth one is that if a runner is kind of an odd rule to have because you'll see this probably never if a runner runs the bases in reverse order then the the credit goes to for the put-out goes to the fielder covering the base the runner left in starting his reverse run. So so running the bases in reverse order the the put-out and put-out goes to the the fielder closest to the the first base the runner left. So if if if the runner is standing on third base and and for whatever reason he decides to run backwards which is a it it's actually something that used to be legal and so you can kind of see where what or why this this rule ended up in the book but you used to be able to actually do that but you can't can't anymore so if there's a runner on third base and he he decides to run back to second then then in that situation we would give credit to for the put-out to the third baseman.


Suspected Israeli warplanes bombed Iran's embassy in Syria in a strike that Tehran said killed seven of its military advisors, including three senior commanders, marking a major escalation in Israel's war with its regional adversaries, the airstrike destroyed the consulate building in the capital Damascus, killing at least seven officials including Mohammad Reza Zahidi, a top commander in Iran's elite revolutionary guards, and senior commander Mohammad Hadi Haji Rahini, according to Iran's. Foreign ministry, Zahidi, a former commander of the Revolutionary Guards' Ground Forces, Air Force, and the deputy commander of its operations, is the most high-profile Iranian target killed since then US President Donald Trump ordered the assassination of Revolutionary Guards General Qasem Soleimani in Baghdad in 2020.Iranian Ambassador Hussein Ekbari condemned Israel for the strike. Ekbari vowed revenge at the same magnitude and harshness. Iran has asked the UN. Security Council to hold an emergency meeting to discuss an Israeli airstrike that destroyed Iran's consulate in Syria's capital. Israel has carried out several hundred strikes on targets in government-controlled parts of Syria in recent years. But the number has escalated since the beginning of the nearly six-month Israeli Hamas war in Gaza and periodic clashes between Israel's military and Hezbollah fighters along the Lebanon-Israel border.A& Israeli airstrike in a Damascus neighborhood in December killed a longtime advisor of the Iranian paramilitary Revolutionary Guard in Syria, Said Rezi Musavi. A similar strike on a building in Damascus in January killed at least five Iranian advisors. Last week, airstrikes over the strategic eastern Syrian province of Der El-Zur near the Iraqi border killed an Iranian advisor. The Syrian airstrikes killed a longtime advisor of the Iranian paramilitary Revolutionary Guard in Syria, Said Rezi Musavi.


Yo, what's poppin folks welcome to another video. Let me have about two seconds of your time I kind of wanted to speak on something for a second if you guys have been having a hard time catching fish You guys have been going out, you know this whole year, and you just can't seem to catch bass I just want to send out a simple message is don't give up guys keep doing your thing Keep trying to catch fish keep adapting more importantly watch a lot of the videos that I'm posting because I Add so many tips in there guys that I promise will help you I'm about to start making a ton of tip videos So if you could leave some tip video suggestions in the comment section below and get this video to 5k likes Baby, I know we can do it if you guys want to see some videos like that But without further ado if you guys are new to the channel hit that subscribe button hit the like button Comment below some tip video ideas and today I have a banger for you guys Let's go ahead and go to the store really fast grab the bait and go fishing.  We're creating a movement man If you got that big bass energy it's gonna happen keep pushing towards your dreams guys Keep trying to fish and keep grinding out there. Let's get it I know you guys know what type of video this is just by the title So I ended up going to Dick's Sporting Goods and this is what I saw we have the spider They have them in stock I was kind of worried about it and they have three different colors man They got the white one right here They have one that's kind of like black with a little bit of brown on it And then they have like a black widow it's black with a little bit of red on there man All of these look really good. I don't know which one to get man I'm kind of I really like this one But then again, I kind of want to go with either like a black or white you guys remember that remember that right there That's where we're going today where we fish with the snake and the rat old snake They got a little green one That's the one that I fished with they also get a black one, but man. All right back to the spiders Let's see. I think we're gonna get two matter of fact. They have many of different options I ended up picking two I could not resist and these are the two spiders that I got for today's video All right, so this is what I got as you guys can tell right there. Let's get a little focus going in I got a black spider right there.   I usually stick to the basics man I usually go with two simple colors either black or white Yes, I go to some of the natural colors.  So today, that's what we're gonna be doing I am actually going to start off with the black spider. I think we're starting off with black spider I just feel it man. I feel it. Let me know in the comment section below Which spider you like better either the white or the black leave it down below I'm curious. Well, we're gonna be starting with the black widow today I'm gonna be pairing it up on this old bright red old bright red Mock smash right here. I'm excited about this. I have not used this thing yet. I'm leaving it at that I actually rigged it up a braid. I put brand new 65 pound braid on this bad boy and he is ready to rock and roll I was not about to go down to this swamp without some braid on okay Let's see the old black widow spider up close in personal man It's the first time review first time seeing it and I'm excited.  Oh stop dude This is the stuff that I love man. I love just using wacky baits like this It's just cool man, and this match is perfect with this mock smash That's kind of one of the reasons I want to start with the black one man and the black widow with the red on them and With the red rod man. This thing's kind of creepy to be fair with you.  Look at his legs tingling bro This thing looks real man. It's got a freaking me out. I'm not afraid of spiders though I'm afraid of snakes But man dude look at that look at his arms just tingling man. This thing is honestly so realistic I'm excited to use it.      It's gonna go kill As you guys can tell this is the beautiful swamp that we're at today I purposely chose to come here at night time in the last like hour to hour and a half of the day Just because of how fish have been acting and I want to see if I can get a top water bite And the spider is looking juicy and it is ready to get munched We're gonna be targeting mudfish bass and gar I don't know if there's anything else in here, but I know there's a ton of big baths mudfish and gar in here We're gonna try to catch them today. So let's go ahead and get after it. All right Here is the old spider lure. We're giving it a shot. Gosh, this is crazy. It's actually very light This is gonna be one of the first things is figuring out the casting on this thing. Let's see Doesn't help Oh Oh my god First time I've even casted this combo too. That's pretty good, man I tried to set it up, but it was so light. I couldn't really tell We are crawling the spider through the slot man. This I would not want to fish this bait Anywhere else but here last time we came here We came here with a snake and a rat and we caught some gar and mudfish But there is big bass in here because I've caught them before not filming a video because I was testing out the spot And I caught them in an area where this leaks in as well So guys there are big fish in here and I am so excited to try to hook one on the spider Look at that thing in the water. Oh my gosh. Look you. I don't know if you guys how good you can see it Look just popping that thing through all that slop. Just looks so good. Oh my gosh Bad thing about this. I can't flip it too. Well So I'm fishing some nasty dirty stuff man and to say that at least it is going through it very well, man Very very well.  I'm pretty sure there was something behind me right there. God. Look at that. Oh my god I got stuff on my right when I was talking about I think I jinxed myself. There's a there's a big boil Some just ate something over here. Oh my gosh. That cast was perfect. Get ready. Get ready. Oh My gosh Right there. Oh Oh No, he had it. Oh, Oh Man, I just hooks that way too early I can't see one the Sun is beaming me in the eyes and two I just kind of heard him eat it and I kind of lifted up to make sure I don't know what that was I'm assuming it wasn't a bass the way he hit it. All right. We did this last time. We're about to get reckless Going to stand up On this bridge and cast it over in that slot this thing looks so good. Oh my god. Oh my god duty He's duty still hitting it. He's still hitting it Come on. I don't know what that was He hit it twice I'm throwing back in there. I'm gonna reel it up. All right. We got some grass on here. Dang man. He hit it twice It freakin twice. Oh Come on man. I was wondering oh Dude huge wake huge wake I Started reeling it through the grass and just the biggest wake I've seen in such a long time All right, we're gonna let this fish cool down for a second.  So let's go ahead and relocate to the other side of the bridge So this is where they're abiding literally right in front of us We're gonna try not to walk up on the bank this one thing you guys want to think about don't walk up on the fish You might spook him. So we're gonna start flipping a little far back. Gosh, this place is kind of creepy, man I'm like peeking peeking to make sure ain't not scary under there. Oh Do you see that? Did you guys see that? Barely walking and you see that barely moving them just kind of hopping them at the top of the water to make the Fish know those presences there Catch you guys in the morning. So yesterday.  I have a surprise for you guys We're gonna try something different. I had some spark in my brain. I was like, man I don't really want to go back to the swamp right now We're gonna be fishing spider and some drain pipes at some of these ponds around here I'm gonna flash back a clip right now Here we go.  I'm shaking He destroyed it so hard inside of that pipe I've never seen a fish aggressively attack a frog like that might look at me shaking We're gonna see if we can throw the spider in the same exact pipe and get the same little reaction that we did With the poppin pickle at that time. Let's go ahead and give it a shot grab our spider Hopefully catch a big bass. There the drain pipe is Right there. We're gonna be casting the spider in there by the way I didn't notice it until now be yesterday when we had those bites We actually ended up losing a leg on the spider. We have four on the left side and three on the right I think that's all right. It'll be okay My biggest concern with casting the spider in that pipe is that this thing is very light and it's gonna be super hard To get the accuracy down, but we're gonna make it happen. Let's go ahead and cast it in there See if we can catch a big bass. I didn't really get to see how good the spider looks There is so much vegetation and the swamp that we're in Now that I'm kind of getting to see it man. This thing looks really great. Oh, there's a fish Pretty sure there's a fish right under me. All right. This thing's so light. It's gonna be hard. Here we go. Oh That's horrible.  You used to see a Noah cast like this. Oh My gosh, I'm all the way in the back All the way in the back Probably five foot in that pipe mainly gonna be playing off a noise right here. I can't even see it Come on. Oh, I had one. I had one.  I had one Guys, I he swam out. I'm pretty sure you just swam out. I never heard anything He just slurped it down. It was running with it. That was so weird. I actually had him I hope he didn't swim out. It's mainly where I want to work it This shade. Oh my god Dude, what? What? Wait. Oh, yes. Yes. Yes. Yes Dude, look at him choking Oh my gosh, I didn't even move it, bro I didn't even move it. It hit the water and the sucker just gulped it down And he choked it too. Look at that. Perfect. Look at the hookup was literally perfect on this little thing Oh my gosh, thank you so much, buddy. This is my first ever black widow spider bass He is not much But let me tell you that just makes me happy man I don't care the size of the fish to catch something on a spider like that. That is awesome And look at the beautiful colors on that one Thank you for biting buddy Get you back in the water There he goes. Oh, that was sweet That was so cool, man First ever bass on the spider lure right when I hooked at him. He just went flying out of the water. He was so small Well, dang a big one shouldn't have a problem eating this thing if something that small unless I just spooked him that could totally be just Just a dumb deal that just happened like I just kind of spooked the fish You guys have made it to the giveaway portion of today's video if you guys are wondering how to enter Oh, by the way, here's the last giveaway winner right here Be sure to message me on my personal instagram at nova pescatelli to claim your prize But to enter in the spider giveaway, all you have to do is leave a like on this video. Come on guys Let's get this video to 10,000 likes. I know we can do it to kick in their bass tv family strong And I know we can make it happen also hit the like button on this video and hit the notification bell And that is it. Thank you guys so much for entering this thing and I'll catch you guys in the video Dude That is all right that all right all right I've been sleeping on the spider man. I've been sleeping on the spider, but something about that bite Something about that bite man with those little legs hanging out of their mouth. Do they choke this thing too?   I got him in the bottom. He ain't big like I said, man I don't care as long as I can catch some on the spider That was so cool like the ones that have it eating it though. He's bleeding a little bit. Let me get him back Toss you there you go. Oh gosh. Come on now black spider White spider if you made it this far in the video you have entered the giveaway I randomly put it throughout the video. So go check it out man I'm kind of disappointed in the spider, but at the same time I kind of like it So this video is over a weird lure. I think it is my right To make a little in-depth conclusion To the old spider man guys. This was a tough video This is probably the hardest challenge I've done yet And to be honest with you if I would have brought this to probably some different places Then I might have got some more bites. I only caught two fish today Yesterday last night. I got a lot of bites in the swamp But it was just brutal and I don't have any more time to fish with this thing Sadly, I got to get this video up for you guys But man to say the least it was a cool experience Getting to throw a spider lure more importantly the old black widow and it was neat man these type of videos I'm not really focused on catching a ton of fish teaching you guys a ton of About you know how to catch more fish how to catch bigger bass these videos are more based on the lure You know how it works Is it going to catch fish and if it is a good bait and if it is worth buying So at the end of the day, it was a fun video I hope you guys enjoyed this one if you guys could smash that subscribe button hit the like button Hit the notification bell and I'll catch you guys


Cotton op ed. So Cotton was defending in this. He was defending George Bush, Donald Trump's policy with regard to bringing the military into American cities, to crush the, I was gonna say insurgency, but actually if it was the Taliban, it was an insurgency, we wouldn't crush them. But when it comes to our own people and when it comes to police action, yeah, we need the military to crush them. But anyway, I don't wanna get into the actual view. What's interesting is that Donald Trump presented this view of we need to bring in the military. We need to use the, what is it, the insurrection act in order to bring in the military into the cities and to stop the violence associated with this, the rioting, but also to stop the demonstrations because there's no way you can separate out the two, particularly not the military. The military is not built to separate out. Oh, you're just a demonstrator.    I'll shoot. No, I'm not allowed to shoot because this is the homeland. So what is the military exactly supposed to do? Blob buildings, use grenades, what are they gonna do? Anyway, Trump wanted to bring in the military and General Mathis. And let me remind you who General Mathis is. He was a commander of forces in Iraq during the insurgency. He was a decorated general when Trump was looking for Secretary of Defense, when Mathis was chosen. Everybody was like, ooh, wow, this is a real guy. This is the real thing. Now, I'll also remind you, and you can go back and check the shows. This is in 2016, you can find the show. I've never been impressed with Mathis. I think Mathis is of a generation of wimps. Mathis is of a generation of generals who don't believe in winning wars. He might be called Mad Dog Mathis, but I would call him Snowflake Mathis for his policy advice and for the way he executed the war in Iraq. He actually lost the war in Iraq. He lost the insurgency in Iraq. He is no great general. He is no Patton. He is no MacArthur. He is no Sherman. He is one of the modern generation with portrayals of generals who are afraid to actually win and certainly afraid to do anything that would suggest winning. He is a general brought up on the just war theory practice. I was never impressed by Mathis. Let's be very clear. Mathis, not Mathis, okay. Mathis, sorry, Mathis. But everybody else was impressed. Oh, the right loved him, Mad Dog Mathis. He was the hero of the right. When he came in, I got, when I criticized him, I was like, whoa, you can't criticize this guy. He's a hero. He's this legend of generals. He is the epitome of everything good. And for the whole time he was in the White House, I would hear things like, oh yeah, Mathis supports Trump and Mathis supports Trump. Trump must be good because Mathis is a real adult. He's a real human being. Mathis is amazing, right? No end to the compliments to how good Mathis actually was. And then, and then, Mathis published a public statement denouncing the president of the United States, denouncing Donald Trump. Well, after he had left his post, left his post after disagreeing with Trump about Syria, but about a lot of things will never, you know, hopefully one day we'll know the truth about what happened there, but about a lot of different things. And Mathis wrote the scathing, scathing attack on Trump, not just on his decision, on his decision to send troops or to advocate for troops going in to break up the demonstrations. But more than that, he's got a line here. We are witnessing the consequence of three years no, let's start earlier. Donald Trump is the first president in my lifetime who does not try to unite the American people, nor does he even pretend to try. Instead, he tries to divide us. I think all of that's true, by the way. We are witnessing the consequence of three years of this deliberate effort. We're witnessing the consequence of three years without mature leadership. That to me is the key line. Without mature leadership, he's calling Trump immature, which is right on, 100% correct. We're witnessing the consequence of three years without mature leadership. We can unite without him, drawing on the strength inherent in our civil society. Anyway, this is a scathing review of Trump. It doesn't give a lot of examples. It's not there to be an essay. And I think there's a certain proprietary of he's not gonna reveal secrets of what happened in the White House when he was there. He's not gonna give examples. He's just gonna say, this is my experience of Donald Trump. Now, this is the decorated general that the White loved, loved, and wow, did they turn on him. Within minutes of this release, I was watching Fox immediately. Oh, man, this is not big to give a deal in terms of general. Never really impressed by him. Go back and watch Fox when Trump announced that he was gonna be secretary of defense. They, you know, they love this guy. Now, may I say a big deal? Now, he's political. If he was political, why did he agree to become Trump's secretary of defense? If he's a lefty, if he's a Democrat, why did he do that? I mean, Mathis hasn't tried to carry favor with the deep state or the liberal media. I mean, if you wanna do that, why become Trump of all people secretary of state? And when he left, he tried not to say anything. He did a book tour. In and that book tour refused to denounce the president. And journalists begged him to. I mean, he knows a lot of dirt, a lot of dirt. He was in the White House for three years and he didn't do it, and he didn't do it.  And now, nobody is questioning, well, maybe Trump's not as good as I thought he was. Here's the guy who I thought was an adult in a room telling me Trump is immature. You know, maybe I should think about it, no. No, immediately they go on the offensive. Immediately he is the bad guy. Immediately they come to the defense of Trump. And I've talked about this many time on the show, but this is the mentality of Trump supporters, which is now dominates Fox and it dominates the Republican administration and dominates Republican senators. Very few senators question this. All of them went on the offensive against Mattis. Now again, I'm not a fan of Mattis's. I don't think he should have taken the job of being Trump's defense secretary. I wouldn't have not that anybody would ask me. But he did and they loved him for a while. But now we're in a position where the right, the mainstream Republican right, not just some wacky fringe, but the mainstream Republican right, including many of my listeners. Whatever Trump does, whatever Trump says, no matter what depravities he indulges in, no matter what it reflects about his moral character, no matter who he sleeps with, no matter who he hangs out with, and no matter what he says. The real outrage for all these people is that anybody criticizes him, that anybody has a problem with him, that anybody dares to challenge him. Mattis is not, by the way, the only general to come out, a number of generals have come out. Doesn't matter. They're all being condemned. Republican party that used to be very positive about its generals and very supportive of generals and very respectful of generals. No more. That respect is gone. Now maybe that respect should have never been there, but that respect now is gone. And that tells you something about the state of the right in America today. It tells you something about the state of thinking, of thinking in the United States. The fact that Donald Trump, the commander-in-chief, the president of the United States lies every hour, and he's not embarrassed by that fact. And nobody denies that fact. The fact that that doesn't bother anybody. That's fine with the right. That's fine with Republicans. That's fine with the supporters. But God forbid you criticize Trump. God forbid you raise an issue about Trump. God forbid you claim Trump maybe is, somebody claims Trump is lying, even though you know he's lying. It's unacceptable to criticize Trump. It's impossible. It's, the right is, we'll talk more about the right in the weeks to come, but the right is dead. The right is value less, content less, and of course the left is completely depraved. What we need today, what I called a new intellectual, would be any man or woman who is willing to think. Meaning, any man or woman who knows that man's life must be guided by reason, by the intellect, not by feelings, wishes, whims, or mystic revelations. Any man or woman who values his life and who does not want to give in to today's cult of the stare, cynicism, and impotence and does not intend to give up the world to the dark ages and to the role of the collectivist broad. Using the super chat, and I noticed yesterday when I appealed for support for the show, many of you stepped forward and actually supported the show for the first time. So I'll do it again. Maybe we'll get some more today. If you like what you're hearing, if you appreciate what I'm doing, then I appreciate your support. Those of you who don't yet support the show, please take this opportunity. Go to uranbrookshow.com slash support or go to subscribestar.com uranbrookshow and make a kind of a monthly contribution to keep this going. I'm not sure when the next...


French linguists, German, Italian, Spanish linguists are now happy that this is going to be available for them soon. Perhaps they're asking themselves how can they best prepare themselves for this certification. Are there any tips that you could give to potential candidates? I can think about desirable prerequisites I guess.  A C1, C2, of the European framework of reference. You have a Cambridge, IELTS, Type 12, something like that. You are conversant with subtitles, so maybe you have some kind of experience. You attended a professional course. You have a master in audiovisual translation of course. But you also have like a grasp of the theory and the practicalities of this typing process, right? So you have a general understanding and a picture of what it is you are now an outsider, a complete outsider. And you are not just into the theory, but you have some experience there.