So in theory there is no difference between theory and practice, but in practice there is that's a well-known saying among scientists and engineers alike So one might say there is a gap between theory and practice, right? And let's look at the theoretical sides We know since crypto last year that masking with D plus one shares, which is the minimum number of shares required For a deep order secure implementation. We know it's possible also in non-linear operations But looking at the practical side of things No implementation and specifically for our accords. No must a yes implementation has yet been Published with D plus one shares So in this work we bridge this gap and we provide the smallest must a yes implementation We also verify them for both the first and the second order And both our implementations use a minimum number of shares, which is D plus one So how did we go about this? We started By delving in a bit in the theory behind it the threshold implementations as we saw in the earlier talk too Afterwards when the implementation is done, we can load them on a target platform Which is a FPGAs in our case and we can proceed with the side channel analysis evaluation Only then only when our security claims are satisfied Only then it makes sense to quantify the implementation costs So that is the outline of this talk. We'll first scratch the surface on threshold implementations a bit And also, yeah, the previous talk was about TI so you can already guess it's a rather popular masking scheme And it's popular because it offers provable security with minimal assumptions on the hardware So even if your hardware glitches Security is still provided It's a Boolean masking scheme based on secret sharing and multi-party computation Does that mean is if we want to mask a function f with inputs a B and output c the first thing we will do is split these and since we use D plus one shares I exemplify this on a first-order implementation. We get a one a two b one b two And of course the basic Properties of masking need to satisfy which are uniform inputs and correctness Whatever you do in the most implementation should reflect which is done in the unmasked implementation Specifically to threshold implementations is the d th order non completeness That means if you observe the wires or the sub circuits Uh, you should not be able to observe all d plus one values. This is where the security Uh in the glitchy setting really comes from Then finally, so we focus here on a yes, which is a Is it's a it's a block cipher? It has rounds if we do if we send those must values through a non-linear operation This uniformity and plus the inputs at the next round will not be satisfied That's why we will add fresh random values to our outputs And this uh, so yeah, we will add fresh random values and then clock these outputs into registers Otherwise early propagation might deteriorate our our security So the number of outputs is immediately related to the number of output registers We have and to the fresh random values we need that's important for later One extra condition, uh, we need to inherit here from uh The consolidated masking schemes paper is uh that the input shares need to be independent And the best way to explain this is uh by looking at what would go wrong if they are dependent So let's take a one equal to b one a two equal to b two And what happens then is that observing f one so observing one sub function We have both a one coming there and b two coming there b two equaling a two We have enough information to unmask our secret value a and so our security would be broken So this these input shares really need to be independent If we want to apply this to the advanced encryption standard now The first thing we will do is uh, it's We will mask the linear functions or in the affine functions and since we use Boolean masking This is rather easy to do we just have to assign one of those operations to one input shares And there's a function. I'm sure you're all well a really accustomed way. It's called copy paste That's the really easy thing Things get a bit messy when we want to mask uh the the non-linear operations though the s box or sub bytes operation And this is what we get This is uh the diagram of our second order master implementation I will not detail this instead. I will detail the first order implementation and I'm sure you will enjoy reading this in our paper So in most implementations, uh, the can write s box has been shown to be a good starting point for implementations and Previous work has shown that based on how we implement the sub components So we could take them together In a gala field 16 inverter Or we could mask the sub functions here the subfield functions in gala field 4 Based on the choice we make there we get more efficient and more or more compact implementations That leaves us to a choice and we need to justify that choice And as I said earlier the number of output shares we have Immediately influences the number of randomness we require and the number of output registers So it's also related to the area If we want to share the gala field 16 inverter in one go which has been shown to be more efficient in previous work We would require the cube of d plus one output shares If we would mask the square the multiplier instead which has algebraic degree two requiring the square of d plus one output shares We have Less cost on the randomness and the area That's why we choose to only mask the multipliers here And this is how we would partition our design Next since we require the uniformity of inputs in every stage here as I said earlier We need to clock in every of these values into registers We will also mask there after every every of that stage And to satisfy the independent inputs here, we need to make sure we put a register immediately after the linear map The mask refreshing is Generically done using a ring refreshing scheme, which means we use an equal number of random units as we have output shares For a first order We do not need We only need unit various security that means we only we do not allow the attacker to combine points and time across clock cycles That is why we can get away with using one unit of randomness less here Another trick we use to further reduce the area. So we not only Go from three share implementation to a two share implementation for first order security We also Adds the contribution of this square scalar function here before the register allowing us to save some space there Now our implementation is as is done. Everything is coded. We load it on our FPGAs and we proceed with the side channel evaluation So for that we use an evaluation board with very low noise And we like to use low noise here because the lower the noise The faster you would see leakage in your masking scheme So that means if we have no leakages And high number of traces that means we can be really confident that we have achieved the security we want We have a lot of fresh random masks To to achieve our security And we need to generate them somewhere and we chose to generate them together with a with a cryptographic algorithm With with a yes, but in order to not Increase the noise we choose to alternate every clock cycle of a yes with every clock cycle of the random number generator Just as a side note for the random number generator we use The tree innermost function of prints and based on how much bits we need we Instantiate some of these in parallel And from these figures you can see that when the pr and g is off there's minimal activity In between the a s clock cycles and when we turn it on those peaks rise and Yeah, the separation there is clearly visible. We also check that in the critical path. There's no overlap Now leakage detection itself. So in the state of the yard we use tv la And Very roughly it goes as follows. We would take Several we will take a lot of traces and group them into into two sets one set corresponding to a fixed But must input and we choose zero for that the zero plain text the other Set corresponding to a random input value Once we acquired all these traces We take the mean and we take the difference of that mean and that means if in the first order if we have no difference of mean so if this Statistic here falls between our confidence level of 4.5 minus 4.5 We can be confident that the security is achieved that there's no difference in the first statistical order between our two groups When we apply this now on our implementation, we first apply it when our mosques are off And what we see here is this is just a sanity check what we see here is We have clear leakage both in the first order and the second order But that's to be expected since we did do not refresh and our masking scheme is not working properly If we now turn on the random number generator, and that's the only thing we do Uh in our next experiments all increase in side channel resistance comes directly from using our proper masking scheme And that's what we get here for our first order implementation With 100 million traces we see no leaks everything falls nicely between our confidence interval Since we only use d plus 1 shares, which is a theoretical minimum number of shares We observe high leakages in the second order Now we can do the same for a second order implementation And again, we see we have uh when our prg is turned off we have First order second order and third order leakage perfectly expectable Turning on the prng everything falls nicely within the confidence threshold For both the first order and the second order T test clear Leakages in the third order can again be be observed For the second order though, we also need to combine points in time The bivariate attack we perform here is On one execution of the sbox itself so in time we combine points And we process them using centered products and we calculate the t test on that With prng off what we see is clear leakages corresponding to our implementation Turning the prng on now We see that all leakages disappear and for the ones that are in need of coffee the scale here changed So everything falls nicely between below 4.5. This is the absolute value And our implementation is deemed secure We can now proceed with the assessment of our implementation costs and going from an unmasked implementation The previous work the first order must as would scale this up to three times Roughly Now we have reduced that with 10 for the first order And with around 30 for the second order So especially in the second order we see a good decrease in area most of this area comes from the sbox itself since in linear parts d plus one were already used in the previous work So we have a degrees of 20 for our first order sbox and a decrease of 50 for a second order sbox, which is Yeah a good significant improvement When we look at the number of clock cycles There's only a Really small increase in number of clock cycles to achieve our security So going from the first order we have an increase of 10 percent For the second order it stays constant small disclaimer there the previous second order implementation could have been made smaller and could have been made With the same number of clock cycles as the first order implementation here The drawback of our work is that more randomness is consumed and We have an increase of 70 percent in randomness for the first order and this becomes only 30 percent for the second order So this is something that will be interesting to investigate To conclude here We went from theory to practice and we realized the smallest Most a yes to date And we verified it for the first order security and the second order security both with d plus one shares And as an engineer it's always fun to know that there's another gap ahead And for that gap for that future work we could look at higher orders But more interestingly we could look at how to reduce the consumed randomness in our smallest must implementation Thank you for your attention


Yes, good morning everybody. My name is stomach Jack. I'm from DHL and together today with I'm Keith tensor principle solution architect I read it. Yeah, and I would like to tell you our short, but I think a powerful story about using open shift in the HL and Yeah, as you can see making a making a big yellow fly DHL is a pretty big company. It is actually a leading mail Service in Europe the biggest one. We have a Number one supply chain operations, you know DHL Express. You probably know it We are delivering to 220 countries worldwide and we have also global forwarding in in an ocean also leading Leading services worldwide. So it's a five hundred and ten thousand people company and Our challenge for my challenge currently is how to make it fly And you know, we have thousands of applications We have hundreds of technologies people all over all over the world and how to get them get them be quicker and running and We have to do it. We have a big big challenge Because obviously the market we are operating is changing rapidly maybe not so much like for banks or Insurances, but we also impacted by the digitalization Where our competitors are introducing new digital products our customers like Amazon are becoming our competitors and We have a lot of small startups really trying to bite bite into our business and yeah, that's that's our challenge And that's why in 2016 we kind of started thinking what we do about it from IT perspective and How to really be faster more flexible and and and fit innovation into you know this big yellow colors and our approach Pretty old concept, but good works for us is introducing Or trying to bring the challenge the change via by model concept Because in such a big environment, it's just not possible to release come and say like alright guys from day from today We are gonna be agile and quick and fast and And that's that's not possible in such a big organization to make it so we said okay We do it the by model way we let the guys in the mode one as they work today and we've and we try to build new capability in the modes To and then slowly pulled everybody into into this new a new approach and the the idea was to focus on three areas Change the technology. That's what we'll be talking a second or more in depth adapting the processes and and working on the culture and and mindsets and In terms of the technology it was 2016 when we started looking for a right technology and our Choice was we we wanted to find a container based platform And we wanted to have a zero downtime platform and something that is re scalable and set up for a future and In terms well that the technology is good, but technology is you know part of the solution you need to adapt all the processes around and Really adapt your operating model automate your deployments and also introduce some better commercial model or on on on selling Internally the the technology and Finally and that's I've heard from Barclays the same problem You know you've you started with the technology which is like a first obvious choice then you Well, it's a little bit more difficult to get the process around updated but the most difficult in the end what stays is changing the people's mind and it's You know with containers you are having so many new concepts about new architecture about New way of developing software and especially bringing all the teams and people together That's in the end stays to be the most hard part All right, so this is how we how we started that is our why and Well, we ended up Implementing an open shift as our technology base and let's let us share with you a little bit some details about it Well, so this is a little bit like a big picture Of our our model So then the most important is actually that we are not trying just to have an open shift You know like a container as a as a service implemented what we try to do is to have like an entire end-to-end ecosystem For for our developers so that when the projects are coming to to our platform They they have like a full full experience. They just need to really Come with the source code and all the rest is set and let me explain how it is how it is being done so at the bottom we decided to have an on-premise cluster or at least start with on-premise cluster and Advantage of on-premise cluster that you can easily modernize Existing applications because they are just on the infrastructure, you know sitting in the data center next next to each other So we have a physical ESX cluster With physical servers as a bottom of our open shift system And and then we have a of course open shift layer and I was personally fighting quite a long a lot internally To make an open shift cluster being just one cluster Many people can make different choices. You know splitting past and production on having one class than another Our we were able to succeed and to persuade people just have a one cluster with everything inside but the deal was Okay, you can have one cluster, but We still need to you know separate production from tests and that we do with with the networking zones and Here on the picture you can see we have actually also to two zones on the cluster one internal zone for application that Only connect to the existing data center Infrastructure, and we have also in the cluster build a DMZ zone for application that are gonna be exposed or being connected from internet so that's let's say a technology base and what was important for us and Is to put also like a the whole DevOps tool chain like a standardized devil DevOps toolchain block on top and Practically to give give the the the projects like an end-to-end experience So they just come to the to the platform and they not just have a place to run containers But also a place where they have all the tools To do entire deployment chain and that's a that's an important concept to to change a big company at scale and so and that's a power of the platform and that you give the people like a stand as much as possible standardized block and And then the projects can very very quickly Jump on this on this model and then you are in you know scaling up and introducing the change Very very quickly. Yeah, and on our cluster. We have people from all over the places from all our divisions running their applications and all mixing on this on on one Cluster and that gives a good good good simplicity in Operating it Okay, and now I switch to to Keith to talk about a little bit details on our networking and details of our cluster So as Tomic mentioned, you know one of the things we did here was we integrated the platform with Existing IT so existing IT infrastructure And so anytime you do that think one of the biggest areas that's a challenge is on the networking side People are working with firewall rules and want to do things in a certain way and there's certain processes And so while you want to bring about change and change certain things It's kind of you know, there's a lot of trade-offs here And so we had quite a lot of discussions actually As you remember Tomic on what the best way to do this and the best approach What we decided to do at the end of the day was not change the way the current IT does networking or firewall rules or or any of that stuff in regards to the OpenShift platform So what that meant is we basically have two zones We have a DM set as the Barclays guys also mentioned they have that as well as most companies that have internet-facing Applications are under regulatory rules and require different levels of Security there and we had obviously the internal and as Tomic mentioned we have the same Cluster, so we're running production and test on the same OpenShift cluster And so what you see here on the top box basically is the management zone So we created a separate zone for management and we opened up obviously the ports for the master servers so that they can communicate with the nodes in the DM set test and production as well as in the the internal ones and That's in red the masters on in the middle You see the the in yellow the the the manage the the monitoring logging metrics all of that stuff So we have a separate cluster there of nodes for that and then on On the right you see the in purple is basically the the the infer nodes That's basically the OpenShift router the proxy so it's taking requests for Kibana for Metrics and logging and that's what it's there and then on the left we have obviously an Ansible host for deployment and Cloud forms which Tomic I think will address a little bit About what we're doing with charge back and how we're using that so Basically, that's opened up and then I think what's interesting is how we're doing the application traffic So in each of these in each of these zones, there's basically you'll see two infrastructure nodes It's again running the OpenShift router Because there's no east-west traffic. So we see basically these firewalls. There's there's no there's no east-west Traffic going there's hard firewalls between that so an application running in the DM set cannot Communicate with anything outside of that unless you open up specific rule sets And so one of the challenges with you know with with at least the the the proxy If you let's say just had a proxy that could access all these zones Well, then somebody that's accessing a DM set application DMZ application could access an application Internally potentially so someone from the internet could potentially do that and so that's why we created sort of these these these hard set Zones if you will and so this is one way to do that So the nice thing here is the firewall rules at least from how DHL we're viewing it We don't need to change the way they work. They work exactly the way they do today They can open up firewall rules and manage access from From external applications who has access to what with the environment outside of OpenShift basically So that's basically what what we what we did there So I get back to you Tommy. All right. Thank you. Thank you Keith Now I would like to come back a little bit to the to the processes Because you know implementing technically OpenShift cluster It is you know fun for a couple of months But this is just a beginning of the journey and the question is okay So I have the cluster, but how can I scale? How can I get quicker and? One of the point I mentioned already was Give them the fast processes and and and and enable the application built and not just on the you know in the container but really in in the company and how to make it work and This is a little little picture how we Connected the OpenShift cluster with our existing Toolings and so we said alright instead of like just giving the people empty empty cluster And okay find your container and run them give them the entire story So in our case we are using our own internal git repository to keep the source codes and also configuration We are Managing the entire CICD pipeline with our internal Jenkins was also a big discussion Shall we do it with Jenkins on on on an OpenShift or an external? And I think the good choice was to use an external to OpenShift our own Jenkins for in the build process we use Factory to to pull the dependencies and a big big advantage for me is that we are using or giving the people the base images From from redhead so we don't have to take care about updating and maintaining images We're just getting them from redhead and that's that's a very big Advantage of the OpenShift as a as a system in the test We are using Fortify scan and SonarCube scan so we want to make really sure that the container that are going on the platform and you know We are mixing everybody on the one platform are pretty good quality so we require people to use Fortify and SonarCube and we also connected to the platform Selenium and UFT universal functional tests So they can do an automated testing and so in the best case they they can kind of run the entire Pipeline fully automatic up to production. That's that's what's possible and the last piece on the picture the production And that's probably maybe the most difficult one was how to make sure that the change process would be fast like a platform And you know in my world or you know normal change process You have a change ticket you need 20 approvals you need to you know register with 10 10 or best two weeks before before the change so you know you know really like you know traditional enterprise change process and how to make it actually not stay in the way and we were able to create like a fast fast change process and we are using for change tracking and Service now system and we just connected it practically with API So whenever we deploy to production OpenShift, then we are creating automatically a change ticket and And through a very disciplined pipeline We ensured our change the change management colleagues that's a non You know change management rules are compromised So we are kind of saying we're replacing a manual approvals that used to be or are still from non-OpenShift systems with Automatic approvals build built in in the pipeline and that that enables the whole system works fast and in such a Let's say traditional environment like we are we we can deploy it You know at the speed of the project they can deploy it every five minutes depends how their pipeline is working Yeah, so that gives the people the entire story.  Well, I'm working for DHL but IT services DHL IT services We are like in a you know within the group and a like IT company within the group so I'm selling the OpenShift to my own business units and The idea was you know how to sell it and here's an a little idea what we we use So we wanted to have two things at the same time to sell OpenShift, you know and have like a pay-per-use Cloud feeling and on the other on the other side, you know pay-per-use if somebody used maybe a cloud a little bit too aggressively You know the the spend on on pay-per-use can be quite high. You know, you sometimes really Don't know how to control it. So an idea here is to introduce so-called application box So people buying, you know, like a quota on the cluster say I want to have four cores and 16 gigram and we've in this box within this physical quota on the cluster Projects can can deploy and consume this quote as they want But we will know they will never, you know, breach the maximum size of the of the club of the box Like an example for course That's maximum and on the other side to make sure that the people properly sizing and buying a proper proper Boxes we charge them a minimum charge always of 20% so don't don't get crazy You know they come and say like okay, give me thousand cores because the paper use right and and you know use two cores and you know I doesn't make any sense from capacity management And yeah, and actually they are then being charged physically between minimum charge and the and the maximum charge of You know represented in this in this box. So that's an idea that might some In a similar situation need to resell the open sheet to our your internal customers or external customers that's maybe an interesting idea and Yeah, the final two words on our outlook. So it's you know, we are Relatively fresh guys on the block as what do we want to know? I want to expand is We will be building another cluster Kind of multi cluster environment. That's one of our expansion We would we are just implementing a persistent storage as we as we speak and we think about Putting a disaster recovery multi cluster disaster recovery scenarios. We have Some concept ready and I think the next year I hope to persuade my internal stakeholders that we get with another cluster on cloud and really run some Hybrid scenarios so sound of you and I saw already some of you are already doing that that kind of stuff Then you know catch me on on the break and they give me some good feedback Because we are here to learn from each other So that's our our little outlook. Yeah, and with that, I think we are coming to the end So thank you very much for listening


So I've got the art dealer who comes in to buy my grandfather's painting that I inherit. I don't know what it's worth. So the dealer knows where it's worth. I don't. I could say the dealer hears the thing. I'll sell it to you for a thousand, but if you resell it for above ten, I want half of everything above ten. So I don't know. If it's worth a hundred thousand, I'm going to be much happier having said that. If it's worth eight thousand, God bless him. You know, okay, you can make some profit.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we will discuss about the methods of solving first order first degree differential equations. First we have differential equations with variables separable. Variable separable method is used to solve such an equation in which variables can be separated completely. That is terms containing y should remain with dy and terms containing x should remain with dx. A first order first degree differential equation is of the form dy upon dx is equal to f of xy. Now if f of xy can be expressed as a product of gx and hy where gx is a function of x and hy is a function of y then this differential equation is said to be a variable separable type. And so this can be written as dy upon dx is equal to gx into hy. Now if hy is not equal to 0 then separating the variables this can be written as 1 upon hy dy is equal to gx dx. Now integrating both the sides we get integral 1 upon hy dy is equal to integral gx dx. This provides the solution of the given differential equation in the form hy is equal to gx plus c where hy is the anti derivative of 1 upon hy and gx is anti derivative of gx and the c is the arbitrary constant. Let's try and solve the differential equation dy upon dx plus y equal to 1 by variable separable method. This can be rewritten as dy upon dx equal to 1 minus y or dy upon dx is equal to minus of y minus 1. Now separating the variables we get dy upon y minus 1 is equal to minus dx. Integrating both the sides that is integral dy upon y minus 1 is equal to integral minus dx. This gives us log modulus y minus 1 is equal to minus x plus c or log modulus y minus 1 plus x equal to c where the c is the arbitrary constant. So this is the required solution of the given differential equation. Next we shall discuss about homogeneous differential equations. A differential equation which can be expressed in the form dy upon dx equal to f of xy or dx upon dy equal to g of xy where f of xy and g of xy are homogeneous functions of degree 0. So equations of these kinds are homogeneous differential equations. If we have a homogeneous differential equation of the type dy upon dx equal to f of xy equal to g of y upon x then first of all we substitute y upon x equal to v or we can say y is equal to vx. Then on differentiating with respect to x we get dy by dx equal to v plus x dv by dx. Substituting this value of dy upon dx in this differential equation we get v plus x dv by dx equal to g of v that is we get x dv by dx equal to gv minus v. Now on separating the variables in this equation we get 1 upon gv minus v dv is equal to dx upon x. Now integrating both sides of this equation we get integral dv upon gv minus v equal to integral dx upon x plus c. This gives the general solution of the given differential equation by substituting v equal to y upon x. Let's try and solve the differential equation x dy by dx equal to x plus y. First we divide both the sides by x we get dy by dx equal to 1 plus y upon x. Now we substitute y upon x as v that is y is equal to vx. Now differentiating both the sides with respect to x we get dy upon dx is equal to v plus x dv by dx. Now we substitute this value of dy upon dx in this differential equation this gives us v plus x dv by dx is equal to 1 plus y upon x which is equal to v so this is equal to 1 plus v which gives us x dv by dx is equal to 1. Now on separating the variables we get dv is equal to dx upon x. Now we integrate both the sides so we get integral dv is equal to integral dx upon x that is we have v is equal to log modulus x plus c. We substitute the value for v as y upon x so this gives us y upon x is equal to log modulus x plus c or this could also be written as y upon x minus log modulus x equal to c. This is the required solution of the given differential equation where the c is the arbitrary constant. Next we have linear differential equation a differential equation of the form dy upon dx plus py equal to q where p and q are constants or functions of x only then the differential equation of this kind is called the first order linear differential equation. If a differential equation is of this kind then the first step is to find the integrating factor that is if which is given by e to the power integral p dx then the solution of this differential equation is given by y multiplied by the integrating factor if equal to integral q multiplied by the integrating factor if dx plus c. If the differential equation is of the form dx upon dy plus p1x equal to q1 where p1 and q1 are constants which is the functions of y only then in this case the integrating factor if would be given by e to the power integral p1 dy and the solution would be given by x into the integrating factor if equal to integral q1 multiplied by the integrating factor if dy plus c. Let's try and find the solution for the differential equation dy upon dx plus y cot x is equal to 2 cos x. This is of the form dy upon dx plus py equal to q here we have p is equal to cot x and q is equal to 2 cos x so the integrating factor if in this case is given by e to the power integral p dx that is cot x dx which is equal to e to the power log sin x and so integrating factor is equal to sin x. Now the required solution is given by y multiplied by the integrating factor sin x equal to integral q that is 2 cos x multiplied by the integrating factor sin x dx plus c1 we have y sin x is equal to integral sin 2x dx plus c1 which is equal to minus cos 2x upon 2 plus c1 hence we get 2y sin x is equal to minus cos 2x plus 2c1 or this could be written as 2y sin x plus cos 2x is equal to c where c is equal to 2c1 is an arbitrary constant so this is the required solution of the given differential equation. So this completes the session hope you understood all the three methods of solving a differential equation.


Felly rydyn ni'n dweud am ddiffenwydd Cyddiagel a Llywodraeth i'n ddweud fod yn cael gweithio'r cyfrif. Ond y gallwch chi'n ddifen ag yma. Nid yw y cwestiynau ar y Cymru Cymru ar yr atlending Mwysig Mwysig mewn 1449, y cyfrifantigwyr Edryd Hawkins yn adnog. Mae'n ddifen o'r cyfrifantigwyr meddwl yma yn fwy o'r cyfrifantigwyr wedi'u cysylltiadau. Yn hynny, mae'n ddifeniaid aeth yma yn 1400. The subsequent growth and development of the collections of the British Museum bears testimony to the close relationship between the museum and the Society of Antiquities in the late 19th century and early 20th century. The first curator of the newly created Department of British Antiquities, Augustus Wester, France, who we've heard about earlier, was elected a fellow in December 1853, going on to serve as the society's director from 1858 to 67, and again from 1873 to 79, and then as president between 1892 and 1897. France's assistant and later successor of the museum, Charles Herkbyw's reed, was elected a fellow in 1882, serving as the society's secretary under France, and the president himself for two terms between 1908 and 14 in 1919 and 24. The society provided France's reed and their museum colleagues with a critical forum in which to enhance their expertise in medieval relational art, enabling them to examine objects held in private hands and to discuss recent findings with fellow antiquarians. Yet in addition to this scholarly function, the society played an important social role, providing the mechanism through which curators could cultivate relationships with private collectors to generate gifts in the quests at a time when acquisitions were being squeezed by limited budgets and increasingly competitive market. So in this afternoon's paper, I want to consider the role that the society played in the curation of medieval Renaissance collections at British Museum between 1850 and 1913, considering how the society influenced the types of objects being collected, acted as a site for the development of curatorial expertise, and generated crucial curator-collector relationships that enriched the collections we see on this slated day in the Museum's galleries. At the time that France was appointed as a museum officer in 1851, the collections of medieval Renaissance art at the British Museum were still in their infancy, which reflected general antiquity towards such objects for monks and starves and trustees. Shortly before France's arrival, Edward Hawkins had declined the purchase of a gold reliquary on the grounds that it would, quote, frighten the ultra-Pochistan south of their senses. Some of them already begin to fancy that he received hope of learning the intricacies of medieval art. A gallery dedicated to the proper display of such objects had been completed over the previous year. In contrast, the proceedings of the Society of Antiquities demonstrate that interesting collecting, research and discussion of objects was already widespread amongst British collectors and antiquarians. For example, on 8 February 1849, Thomas Winders exhibited Renaissance metalwork on ivory objects, including packs attributed to Cellini, together with a detailed catalogue of the objects for fellows to study. Indeed, it was partly due to pressure from fellows that the museum had actually moved into this area of collecting. In a letter to the Times on 10 January 1854, an unnamed fellow lamented the trustee's lack of enthusiasm in their purchase of objects, commenting that, during the year of the Great Exhibition, many foreigners brought with them from Italy and elsewhere valuable antiques that were compelled to sell them privately or return with them once they came. Fellows were aware that Britain was lagging behind its continental counterparts informing a national collection of medieval renaissance objects for analysis and study. It was not just the subject matter of acquisitions that was influenced by the Society and its approach to medieval renaissance works, however, but also the justification for those purchases. Hawkins had admitted that, prior to the 1850s, the medieval renaissance collections had accumulated at the result of, quote, casual acquisition by gift or by purchase, not regulated, with a view to systematic illustration of historical periods. It's interesting, early on, her France's approach to the library exceeds the British Museum under the principal librarian of the opposite relationship between books and collections. Purchases under France's tenure at the museum, in contrast, reflected the manner in which objects were discussed at society meetings, showing a concern with representing particular styles, signatures or historical developments, or completing existing theories of specimens. By way of example, at the meeting on 25th May 1848, a series of watches together with texts detailing history was exhibited by Octavius Morgan with subsequent exhibits, each shedding a further light on the same theme. Colonel Batty exhibited a sundial, 1850-1944, Joshua Butterworth exhibited a clock, previously owned by Llywetha 14, Captain Smith discussed an old opinion clock in the Society's collection at the earliest in regional tradition, now in England, and today in London. Well, Mr Henry Graves exhibited Hans Holborn's designs for a clock, then with the eight, for further comparison and study. In fact, France saw active participation in the Society of Antiquities as a fundamental aspect of the curator's role. When persuading the museum trustees to allow the directorship of the Society in 1858, he asserted that the post, quote, will enable me to perform my duties more satisfactorily. The opportunity of examining critically the antiquities sent to the Society for Exhibition will add greatly to my knowledge on these subjects and will probably enable me to secure some of the museum. Such advantages he saw as critical for all the museum employees. In 1887, he lobbied the trustees for time of work during work hours for staff to attend meetings at the Society, telling them it is desirable that the officials should take part in them so they may know what is going on amongst those who are occupied in similar subjects. The display handling and discussion of objects at meetings facilitated the development of core assertion and expertise in medieval Renaissance art amongst those of curators and private collectors, which became an increasing concern as the market heated up and forged objects became more prevalent. Indeed, in 1858, Franks delivered a paper at the Society calling his peers' attention to the ubiquity of faith and highlighting the presence of forged emosion mammals on display at the Manchester Art Treasure Exhibition. Presenting museum acquisitions at Society meetings and examining them together with comparative pieces is one means of protecting against forged emosions entering the national collections. A keen private collector, as well as a museum officer, Franks regularly presented pieces from his own collection of meetings sometimes prior to donating them to the museum himself as a trustee meeting report from 1892 describes. Mr Franks mentioned that he had bought himself some very curious and early draftsmen in a very important Italian enamel which he had proposed us to present to the museum after he has had an opportunity of exhibiting them to the Society of Antiquaries of Humi Tent. Curators also encouraged other private collectors to share particular objects from their collections. In March 1877, for example, Franks rated it as a Charles Spencer Percival in relation to objects he had heard would be loaded to South Kensington telling him, I think it would be of great interest to the Society of Antiquaries to see these objects and I would therefore suggest that they might be exhibited at Burlington House in a way to South Kensington. Can you help us in this? I think this note is interesting for highlighting the different purpose that the Society has served and the different audience has attracted in comparison to the displays particularly in South Kensington. Occasionally, private collectors would seek Franks' council prior to presenting their findings to the Society. Henry Howard, for example, rated Franks in 1887 in relation to his research of the authorship of the bronze plate and the possible establishment of a workshop at Bazzaro, writing, quote, I have made some deductions which I hope to put for the Society of Antiquaries.  I have marked a passage in which I have London into an opinion. Taking a central role in the Society in this way has provided Franks with a key insight into objects held in private hands and facilitated his network here with potential donors. I really love these drawings by sharks. I think they give a really good sense of how objects become intimate environments in which objects will be presented and handled and passed around by fellows. This brings me on to the next part of my paper which considers the role that fellows played in enriching the collections of the British Museum through gift and donation. The Society provided curators with a ready audience of collectors who had the means of financing museum acquisitions. Curators could present potential acquisitions at meetings to justify purchases and generate support. This tactic seemed to have had mixed results. Prior to his purchase of the Royal Gold Cup in 1892, for example, Franks wrote to Charles Fortland lamenting the fact that I exhibited the cover of the Society of Antiquaries and read a paper thereon which was very well received when they did not fall out. Nonetheless, it was rather in the long term that we see the real impact of fellow support on the museum collections. At a museum board meeting in 1885, Franks drew museum trustees' attention to the fact that since 1866 the total purchase markings department took totally 8,000 pounds. And yet the collection had been enriched by gift or bequest to the value of 50,000 pounds, a trend that continued throughout his tenure. Almost all signifying gifts or bequests of objects were made by fellows of the Society of Antiquaries, the major exception being the Watson-de-Pact. Two key examples are provided by John Henderson and Felix Slade. Henderson bequests his collections of almost a thousand examples of Italian myolica, Spanish lustuaire and Venetian glassware to the British Museum on his death in 1878. Henderson had been elected fellow in 1858, the year that Franks became director and seems to have been in the enthusiastic number, on projects regulating meetings and publishing his research and society publications. Felix Slade was elected fellow in 1866, becoming a regular contributor to meetings, exhibiting examples of his encyclopedic collection of glassware. On his death in 1868 he left the British Museum not only his collection of almost a thousand examples, but also a fund of 3,000 pounds to enable him to expand collections further. The Society's new papers in London in these collecting networks, showing that Helen Henderson and Slade were proposed as fellows by France, illustrating how the Society reinforced these important relationships between collectors and the museum, and Charles Hedley's read continuing this tradition. Franks and Weeds and Milibode supported the election of the wine merchant Henry Funtz in 1892, for example. Funtz had collected a wide range of medieval Renaissance works of art that made his first donation to the museum in 1889. A trustee's report from 1892 reports that Mr Funtz, to his show himself at all times, anxious to improve the museum collection to which he has been at the frequent donor. At the sale of the Homeworth-Maniac collection in 1892, Funtz supplied a 15th-century silver casket by the dealer George Sherlock, but France persuaded him to cede it to the museum across price. Then Funtz, who self-appears on the blue paper, preferred the British Museum donor, the merchant and financier Max Rosenheim, whom, together with his brother Maurice, assembled a large and wide-raging collection of medieval Renaissance objects. He was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in March 1894, like Funtz, to his relation was supported by Franks and Weed. As well as donating objects to the collections, he served as a museum trustee, and, together with Charles Sportnum, we will see also on the blue paper, established the original friends of the British Museum. The dealer Moshe Ovid wrote that Rosenheim wrote interested himself with extraordinary diligence and intensity in antiques, the safe knowledge, and to enrich the British Museum, his home. A Franks, certainly new Rosenheim's collection well, following the burglary at his home in 1896, Rosenheim wrote to the museum the advice for evaluation of a 16th century Jewish wedding ring, which had been stolen and was translated well. As a fellow, Rosenheim was a regular contributor to meetings and collaborated with Charles Hecly to read and his research of objects, especially in relation to heraldry. For example, in his article published in 1982, we'd acknowledged Rosenheim's research in identifying Copes of Arms on a medieval enameled beaker in the British Museum collection. Although the vast majority of his collections were released in 1923, the brothers presented a large number of objects at the museum with a bookplate collection that had finally been presented by Mr Speiddel Rosenheim. It's noeworthy that on the frontices of the cell they refer to both brothers in the Bellows of the Society and I wonder whether that, as a queen, it is a function of the sense of concertion involved. Instances of the question donations by fellows like these, are numerous to detail in this short paper, but I did want to concentrate on one final example which gives a further insight into these collecting networks, and that of the Reverend Arthur Barwell. Barwell had developed a collecting interest in continental renaissance objects, probably decided by his childhood grown-up at the 16th century Chateau Dormand in Normandy. After serving briefly in the army, Barwell joined the church and settled in Sussex, on the territory in the society's proceedings. He lived, quote, an ideal life as a country person. Barwell bought a variety of many renaissance works, but his interests became almost entirely centred on renaissance and emotional annals. By the time of his death in 1913, he had accumulated almost a hundred examples, a collection which Charles had to use to read the third two, as the best, the kind in private hands in Europe. Through his interest in annals, Barwell developed a close relationship with British Museum Curators, and they seem to have advised him both on his purchases and on developing his networks in Britain and France. In 1892, for example, Barwell paid a visit to the collections of the Barwell Peshaw in Paris, the year during which France was an extensive correspondence with the Baron in relation to the purchase of the Royal Gold Cup, and it seems likely that France would have taken his read and suggested Barwell's election to the Society of Antiquaries in 1893. Barwell was a literally hesitant, thinking himself unseasible and telling Reid about the Society of Antiquaries. I should be very glad to be in it, but what about qualifications? I'm always sufficient in these, especially in the matter of learning. In spite of his hesitancy, Barwell secured his election to the Society of Antiquaries in 1894, when he was an archaeologist John Evans, to the Museum Trustee. Reid was Barwell's point of entry to the Antiquaries. He encouraged him to attend meetings and he learned to enter forthcoming votes. Relationships such as these were clearly mutually beneficial. Society meetings provided Barwell with a community of fellow collectors and an environment in which to hone his ministerial skills. He seemed insecure about his expertise. For example, he sought Reid's advice on wondering what to contribute to the voters in the Fine Arts Club Exhibition in 1897, asking Reid, could you not run down and select for them? My difficulty with regard to selection is cheaply my reluctance to send any which might be deacosious or unworthy. Yet, his increasing interest in researching his pieces, tracing artists in their erf and identifying portraits and arms on his pieces, reflect his development as an antiquarian and it's clearly evident in his layman system which also shows an interesting collecting history and provenance. Although there had been a rather new interest in writing about the art of enameling stimulated by the Arts and Crafts movement, Barwell's approach to his pieces was based on the canon according to British Museum Collections and he dismissed me writing on the subject. For example, the writing to Reid. I thought Cunningham's book very unsatisfactory and had to take up Le Barton Le Borde to get the nasty taste out of my mouth. That's a reference point here to Le Borde who had created the lew written extensively on the enamel's collection that he was, of course, a non-read fellow with the Society. On the other hand, these networks galvanised by the Society of Antiquities also drew collectors such as Barwell Ferling into the Museum Circle relationships which were to prove increasingly critical for the development of the National Collections. In 1899, Reid had alerted the trustees to the fact that his annual purchase grant of £1,500 was insufficient to meet the demands of his department due to the enormous rise in the prices of many amounts of objects, principally in medieval objects the prices of which increased 300 or 400% during the last decades. He goes on to express concern at his ability to flow full of gaps in the collection with such limited resources. Barwell's comment in 1904 that I have a small fund which may go to fill up gaps echoes Reid's concerns with the British Museum Collections and indeed, he did often buy it he did often end up buying objects recommended by Reid, including objects directly pertaining to the Museum's collections such as a grizzine pack by John Penicourt II the companion piece to one in the British Museum. I should say that the postcard on the right is black and white which is why it looks a bit different in there. The fruition of this relationship came in 1913 with the request of Barwell's entire collection to the Museum a group of almost 100 of the motion mammals which today still forms over half of the museum's entire collection. His esteem for the antiquities however was reflected in his request to the society of the choice of such books from his library as were needed and as Reid reflected in this way we have considered the image-dash elves. The Barwell example thus provides an insight into the role the society of attributes paid in providing forum for the development of public and private collecting networks. It is also worth noting that these networks were not necessarily limited by restrictions on the society fellowship. Reid had secured an honorary fellowship for the American financier John Kyrdwynt Morgan for example in 1911 and presented papers on objects in Morgan's collection at meetings again using this relationship with a generous donor in London. Lady Charlotte Shriver a major donor of ceramics paying hearts in Leist at the British and South Kennedy meetings was technically barred from fellowship with a woman at this day but nevertheless presented objects at meetings. These relationships held enormous implications for the objectivity on the select of the meeting today. Indeed for the request of the collection of Frederick D.K. Godman a collector in France had elected to the society on the end of the museum collections in 1982 demonstrating that the networks between the society and the museum generating in the 19th century continued to that route almost a century later. Thank you.


The US Air Force is clearing out jungles in the Pacific to prepare for war with China. The US Air Force is clearing out jungles in the Pacific and replacing them with airfields for its coming war with China. Because there exist people on this earth who look at a jungle and think, hey, this should be replaced with an airfield to prepare for a war with China. There are people on this earth who say, you know the world would be a much better place if all these trees and exotic insects and birds were replaced with long stretches of concrete lined with nuclear bombers on high alert. There are people on this earth who see bulldozing rainforests to make for warplanes as much simpler and easier than just making peace. There are people on this earth who would spend their entire lives making up new excuses to fight new enemies and then tear up every inch of the biosphere for ways to defeat those enemies. There are people on this earth who would rather wipe out all biodiversity than allow for any diversity in world leadership. There are people on this earth who would rather rule supreme over a wasteland of irradiated dust and ashes than see the rise of a multipolar world. There are people on this earth who would rather annihilate everything than take a brief moment to pause and look inward. There are people on this earth who would rather stare down the barrel of nuclear Armageddon than turn and stare at themselves.  There are people on this earth who look at the staggering beauty of the natural world and think how wonderful it would be if they could tear it all down and funnel into a factory to make tomahawk missiles. The biosphere is dying and we're hurtling toward nuclear war and it is so very, very heartbreaking and yet even in the midst of that heartbreak nature shines as majestically as ever and some moments all you can do is take in the beauty and take it as your solemn sacred duty to appreciate it while it lasts and look at the trees and the bugs and the birds and the critters. He never had anything to do with his madness and bow as deeply as your body can bow and say, I'm sorry. I'm so sorry.


Live from Las Vegas, it's theCUBE. Covering Dell Technologies World 2019. Brought to you by Dell Technologies and its ecosystem partners. Welcome back everyone to theCUBE's live coverage of Dell Technologies World 2019 here in Las Vegas at the Sands Expo. I'm your host, Rebecca Knight, along with my co-host, Stu Miniman. We are joined by Steve Nolan. He is the lead product manager, Private Cloud at CenturyLink. Thank you so much for coming in direct from St. Louis, Missouri. Thank you, thanks for having me today. So let's start by having you tell our viewers a little bit about CenturyLink. Okay, CenturyLink is a very large carrier, international. With our recent acquisition of level three, we have a little over 500,000 fiber optic miles blown to us. We're wired into over 100,000 buildings globally across approximately 60 countries. Connected into over 300 data centers. So that's kind of our telecom network story. I actually work within a division of, essentially, that handles managed hosting products. Through an acquisition they did a number of years ago called the company called Savas, where we now have about 20 years, a little over 20 years in managed hosting services to customers in the business. And there's been a lot of news this week at Dell Technologies World and you, your CenturyLink had a big announcement just this morning. Yes, we just released a press release on, it's a product option we've been working on for about six months now. It's for a private cloud product that I manage, that I released actually a year and a half ago. We just added now Dell options for that product based on the Dell PowerEdge 6R640 server. And that, of course, we did that to be able to expand options and choices for our customers to open up the opportunities to those situations where we weren't able to get into before. So we're very excited about it, it's new, it's exciting, it's of course a great, great platform. Very amazing technology. So Steve, the term private cloud, it's almost about 15 years old now. But there were many years that we didn't all agree as to what private cloud should be. And I read an article recently about hybrid cloud and even hybrid cloud was basically like, oh, I had private cloud and public cloud and a bunch of pieces and I put them together and like, well, the hybrid multi-cloud stories we're hearing this week and many other shows, very different, we're trying to get our arms around this. So, I'm familiar with Savis, I've seen Century like many times at VMworld. So bring us inside that private cloud, it tells a little bit about what you've been seeing in the environment, some of those key use cases to what customers are doing and how this is different than the virtualized environments of the past. Certainly. So what we've been seeing happen in the industry and you go back a number of years, a few years later to cloud and you ask six people, what does cloud mean? You get six definitions, right? But what we've seen is that there's this huge move towards public cloud over the last number of years, the hyper-clouds and all the activity we've seen plenty of it and there's been challenges associated that you don't find out day one, you find out over time. Certain things that are challenged to work within in a public cloud type of scenario. Customers say, you know what, I still want to hold on to some infrastructure and what we're seeing now relative to what private cloud is, it is an infrastructure that's 100% dedicated to one client and a story. All of that infrastructure belongs to one company, one entity, it is not shared, nothing is shared. That is true private cloud. And so that's what I manage for our company is our private cloud products where we have one that's been with us not for about 15 years. It's on VMware, we're a large VMware shop, we're 100% VMware today, we've been working with VMware for I think a total of 15 years, a little over 15 years and the various types of products and solutions and platforms. We work with them for a year and a half to be able to create our new private cloud product that is a hyper-converged infrastructure software to find networking based on VMware cloud foundation software suite. So that's where the movements are and what's happening with this, now if we want to go into what's happening in the industry and the world is the way that you build infrastructure historically is you build your compute, your network, your storage and your security. Those are the four minimum columns of which technology you need for a solution and then you connect it all together. It's done by four different groups, four different subject matter or expert groups and it can be very time consuming to piece all that together. Now we roll into this hyper-converged world and you just give me a stack of servers that have some CPU, some RAM, some disks and I layer on some very well designed and architected software, likes a VMware cloud foundation and I define everything from one interface through software. It makes the ability for enterprise customers to be able to move much faster on making changes in the environment. I can spin up a firewall in minutes, a server load balancer, a router that's very powerful compared to how it was done in the past. So Steve, one of the years expertise I know CenturyLink has is on the networking side of things. It's something we've heard Dell talking about, the networking and how that's expanding the HCI market today as well as if you talk about that hybrid or multi-cloud environment, networking's a critical component, things like SD-WAN put into it. So can you help, you know, where does that, those pieces fit into your environment from a networking? Well, where we see that going and it's a common theme that we've been talking through a little over a year now and this topic of milliseconds matter is the edge. And so that's where it's really evolving to and that's what we're working towards as well. So one of the things we're doing with our products is moving our products out to the data centers, many more data centers than what we've done in the past and then taking that a step further when we go to edge computing because of our telecom expertise and experience and our thousands of points of presence, we can put those systems into a pop, if you will. We can put those systems, of course, on customer prem, getting the response times down to just a few milliseconds which is critical to businesses' response times, delivery companies or various companies where that's important to the middle, the middle seconds matters because it saves them money because they're able to be more responsive to their customers. Well, that's exactly what I want to drill into a little bit. You say milliseconds matter, which is absolutely true and you're talking about how customers feel this need to move so much faster and we know about the breakneck speed of technological change. Can you give us a real business impact? I mean, as you said, this really is game-changing for so many companies. Can you just give us an example of a customer you're working with and how this really, the ROI on this stuff? Yeah, I can't name customers, yeah. So we're working with some shipping companies who, of course, they've got the little responders when they deliver the package. They have hundreds, maybe as many as a few thousand, locations, they want to be able to put that data right neck in those locations so that the response on that package gets that information faster. They get closure on that, they're able to build faster, they're able to move on to the next item faster, provide the information to their customers faster. Those are the real, live examples that we're seeing with the middle seconds matter type of scenario. We actually did a demo of this at VMware last year. We just give an example where, and we did a test of going across the internet and then going across a dedicated circuit. And we painted this one page, one screen, and it took a second going across the internet. And it took a half a second to go across a dedicated circuit. And so it's like, well, you take that one page and it's the thousands of pages that one of your employees goes through in a day and then multiply it by your thousands of employees, that's now where we're adding up to cost savings, more efficiencies of your employees when they can get that information faster. So one of the important areas here is the management piece. So I understand you're partnering deeply with VMware. Is it primarily the VRealize Suite from Management ToolLink? Anything, what's special about the CenturyLink offering? So relative to my product offering is in the private cloud, we actually have, here's the situation. Customers don't just have one cloud. We all know the true story is it's not about public or private, it's about both. It's not about one cloud or one other cloud, it's about many. And so we actually, through an acquisition we had done, we created a product called Cloud Advocation Manager. It's a multi-cloud management product that is designed today to support from one interface. I can have AWS Azure Google, my private cloud product, we call the CenturyLink Private Cloud on VMware Cloud Foundation, our public cloud product, all from one interface. I can manage my workloads. I can monitor the OSes. We will manage and monitor those OSes and applications for the customer. Laren will be called our managed services anywhere, a methodology for customers that want that management to provide that for them. So it's really about being able to take all those different environments in that hybrid IT solution, the vast majority of enterprise folks either have one or are stuck with, and be able to trim it down to singular interfaces to be able to support them. How closely are you working with customers on the actual implementation onboarding of these new technologies and making sure that employees are also really on board with these things? So, well, first of all, when we work through solutions with our customers, we don't just say here, pick this from a menu and so we sit down and design for them. So we're very specific in how we've designed our products to where we actually allow over 1,000 configuration options. So you have to right size the infrastructure. That's what you start. That's the foundation. You're right size that infrastructure for your work environment, for what it is that you're trying to accomplish and you allow flexibility to be able to grow it. And so we allow flexibility to be able to have RAM or storage to those systems or add more systems, give the flexibility to grow as you need to grow, whatever button it is you want to push, it's growing on you, right? So that's where we start with this and that design aspect of this and that's how we solution all of our managed hosting products, okay? Great. Well, Steve, you started this conversation at cube Ricky, you're ending at cube alum. So, thanks so much for coming on the show. Well, thank you for having us, having me, right? Appreciate it. I'm Rebecca Knight for Stu Miniman. We will have much more of the cubes live coverage of Dell Technologies World coming up in just a little bit.


Rise is the world's most important staple food for some 4 billion people worldwide and will continue to be so in the coming decades. With expected population growth, income growth and decline in rice area, global demand for rice will continue to increase from 479 million tons of milled rice in 2014 to around 551 million tons in 2030. In 2011, several organizations around the world came together to make a bigger difference in the lives of the poor rice farmers and consumers. This initiative led to the formation of the Global Rice Science Partnership, which is the CGIAR research program on rice. It is led by six institutes and aligns programs and collaborative projects with 900 partners across the globe. This unprecedented partnership across continents resulted in enormous exchanges of ideas, information, knowledge and technologies and collaborative mechanisms that supported the sustainable development goals of the United Nations. On poverty, 30 million poor farm households across Asia, Africa and Latin America have increased their annual incomes by $100 to $500 by adopting improved rice technologies. Rice, the staple food of half of humanity, has become more affordable, its price in the global market declined from $485 per ton in 2010 to $360 per ton in 2015. On ending hunger, adoption of improved rice technologies developed by Gris contributed to an increase in average yield of 50 kilograms per hectare globally and rice production around the world increased from 439 million tons in 2010 to 480 million tons in 2015, improving food security. Bere Dan 62, the world's first zinc rich rice variety was released in Bangladesh. This variety is helping reduce the number of deaths in children and women and other health complications such as stunted growth in children. On ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education, around 1,300 scholars have been trained in rice science and 40% of them are women. Gris partners trained around 300,000 farmers and rural entrepreneurs in improved technologies, a third of them are women. Indeed, women are not left behind. Tools and training modules are used to strengthen women, farmers, rice production, marketing and business skills. On water resources, water saving technologies help farmers reduce farm water use by 10% to 30%, thus contributing substantially to the preservation of fresh water resources. And to promote sustained inclusive and sustainable economic growth, thousands of young entrepreneurs were trained on new technologies and developed skill along the rice value chain such as improved milling, drying, storage, processing and marketing. To ensure responsible consumption and production, the Sustainable Rice Platform, a gris partner, launched the world's first international standard for sustainable rice. The standard uses the three pillars of sustainability, economic, social and environmental aspects as benchmarks to increase yields for rice farmers, reduce the environmental footprint of rice cultivation and meet consumer needs for food safety and quality. GRISP help combat climate change. Climate smart technologies are disseminated to farmers in Asia that can reduce methane emissions by up to 50%, thus contributing substantially to the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions. GRISP helps preserve biodiversity on rice. Around 150,000 rice germ plasm are preserved and saved from extinction in gene bags. All of this were done through strong partnerships of more than 900 partners from the public and private sectors. Even with this significant progress, we have so much more to do. The population continues to rise. We need to produce more, but with less land and water. On top of this is the challenge of climate change. In the second phase of the CGIR research program on rice, we will build on the success to date and use it to refine the research and focus on poverty alleviation, food and nutritional security, and a sustained and healthy resource base and improve the lives of even more people. Be a partner. Join us.


YouTube team keep it clean what's going on is engraving here with another video and another episode of NFL questions from subscribers a Series where you can ask me any NFL question you want to and we answered in a video just like this If you want to be part of it You can send me an email to team keep it clean at gmail.com or for the patrons You can send it directly on patreon and if you want to become a team keep it clean patron You can go to patreon.com slash engraving vids. I love y'all team keep it clean You got some great questions like we always do every single time because y'all always bring it Without further ado, let's do it first question came from a boys to find him. He said, what's up, bro? Hope the family's doing well appreciate it. He said with the Saints releasing Devontae Freeman Do you think the Ravens would go after him? I think he'll be a great fit for us Tell me what you think about that one Devontae Freeman, man Once consider one of the best running backs in the league and now a free agent again Because the Falcons cut him. I think he went to the Seahawks brief brief Or maybe he turned him down. I forgot what happened with that, but free agent, man He's out of there. Oh, yeah, same sign him this offseason two and then they cut him So it's NFL really stands for not for long, man. It really does But I Could I could see it to the practice squad. I don't think active roster as of right now But everything just depends on how the guys up front do Gus Tyson and and Justice Hill I what I really hope I really hope that those three I hope they like Stop all the talk About adding another running back. I really hope in week one.  We don't want nobody else because we don't want to mess This thing up. Hopefully that's what goes down. Next question came from a boy may well He said what's up in Graven shout out from Mexico? I was wondering how deep would a win versus Tom Brady in a Super Bowl Mean to Lamar Jackson in his career and to be acknowledged by him as the leader of this new generation of quarterbacks that are storming the league For the goat Thomas Edward Patrick Brady to state Lamar is the best I've faced I believe skipping Shannon in the media would have a hard time saying that the goat is wrong Stay safe unless let Lamar retire that number eight by winning the Super Bowl that that would be a beautiful thing And really me I wouldn't care who it was against but with it being against Brady To get that commendation from Brady That would be nice for Lamar, but it's not Necessary um if Lamar were to beat Tom Brady in a Super Bowl You know the excuses would fly they they they they would cut the old tie. He's so old Oh, man Lamar if that was somebody else then Lamar would have lost Oh, if it was a young Tom Brady then Lamar and Ravens would have lost. Oh, man They would come Even if Tom Brady did give Lamar credit and gay Lamar praise it would happen So it would be nice though It would it would be very nice to see that but it would still come with the hay But guess what if Lamar won a Super Bowl so so many people Um, they oh man, that would be a beautiful thing Ravens and Lamar won a Super Bowl Regardless of who it was against even if it was against the Bucks cool feels against somebody else cool But just didn't win in a Super Bowl would just it would be such a beautiful thing because they now they wouldn't shut Everybody up because you know people will still find something like oh he won one. Oh, he can't win another one But that would be the start to making a lot of people who said he couldn't do it Last question on this episode of NFL questions from subs also came from my boy Manuel He said I was here in RG 3 on ESPN Say that Lamar Jackson evolves the game through his football instincts and it makes him more dangerous and effective against other teams Even though that reminded me of Dragon Ball's Super Ultra Instinct where you move without thinking and evolve through it Could it be that Lamar is close to getting that same type of instinct on the football field with Hollywood Bateman Watkins Manjus and other wide receivers to actually make this passing game that much more dangerous Stay safe and tell Mike in the Ravens pride the team keeper clean wants to see them watch Lamar retire three numbers for the Ravens Well, that would certainly be something but anyway Yeah, Lamar Jackson with his instincts. Yeah, RG 3 talked about that in his in the ESPN interview since he is a Media guy now. So shout out to RG 3 But that's that's part of Lamar Jackson's game And that's that's something that RG 3 he broke it down about how People say that they have Lamar Jackson figured out There's gonna be the year that they might finally figure him out but With Lamar Jackson a lot of what he does is based off of instincts That's why I feel like with I I hope that they cut down a little bit on his His run place the plan running place where Lamar gonna keep it or whatnot You're still gonna have in what not cuz that's a part of your game But Lamar when he's he's at his best when it's not planned when it's not a design run for Lamar when he does go He dropped back and yeah, unfortunately, nobody might be open or shot out to whatever defense it is They may just have some really good coverage But Lamar is like, all right, you know what I'm gonna make something happen So he takes off make somebody miss or in the case where somebody nobody's open He may be back there scrambling around the backfield just wait Could we seen a lot of plays like that too when he's scrambling around the backfield making people miss back there waiting for Somebody come over then finally somebody does a little more And he hits him and then they drop it But now we've seen it so many times where like RG 3 said those instincts They they take over and they make they have made so many plays for Lamar Jackson Because you can design whatever play design you want to run for the Ravens offense and that's cool Sometimes it works.  So the fact that Lamar's instincts are just they're out of this world It's crazy and another thing real quick is something that we got to give him credit for it too That a lot of people don't talk about enough of including myself is his pocket awareness This guy's pocket awareness is crazy, man. It's crazy. It's like this guy can sniff people Coming to get him even when he might not even be looking that way anything like that. He is like it's crazy, man So yeah, those instincts though that that RG 3 talked about.  He practiced with me play with him and whatnot. So he knows Lamar But it was it's nice to to hear that in the media. Here's somebody actually give praise to Lamar and it's crazy You don't hear that too much but Along with those instincts that we just hope that Lamar continues taking his game to another level and We look forward to seeing a lot of those instinctive plays next question came from a guy a T dog 2003 said a Raven. How are you in the fam? We're good. We're great. I appreciate it I just thought that since Ben Mason signed with the Patriots, which I'm still very upset about but I'll let that go You would have to think that Patrick Rickard will be our fallback for the future Am I crazy to think this? No, you're not crazy and that is a very very good question and a very very good assumption With Ben Mason like y'all have heard me say what I thought was gonna happen over and over That I thought that he was gonna end up taking over for Pat Rickard moving forward. I'm especially With the offense looking like it's gonna take a step forward in the passing game And with full backs the Ravens, they still value full backs They're one of the few teams that do but I just didn't see what Lamar coming up with Andrews coming up I just did not see them paying Patrick Ricard again now It is possible Especially because Patrick Ricard he has been durable. He's been reliable and he's been a good player He's been a good player and he certainly has made an impact and continues to make an impact with the Ravens So it is not crazy to think that now Patrick Ricard could end up staying now I'm sure the Ravens they'll have some things that they think about later on and they'll see how this year goes But now depending on what moves they make or what moves they don't make Patrick Ricard could end up sticking around and signing the contract extension So because it's not like the Patrick Ricard would deal with Patrick Ricard would break the bank or anything like that But I really did see Ben Mason as being their full back of the future Because they while Patrick Ricard like I said, he won't break the bank or anything like that it would be a way for them to sort of cut corners when it comes to Saving a little bit of money when it comes to paying Lamar and Andrews and whoever else they end up paying free agency And when that whole Earl Thomas thing goes either for them or against him whatever happens with that It's just another way of saving some bread. So but now We'll see man. So but no, you're not crazy to think that now the real last question on this episode of questions from subscribers Came from Ray. She said hope you and your fam Now the real last question on this episode of questions from subscribers came from Ray Ray said hope you and your family are safe My mom got positive got tested positive for corona. I just had to share what I've been dealing with these past few days Hey, we hope that your mom gets better real quick Just keep doing everything that you can do for just keep being there Go to the store for if she needs that go try to make some for order some for if she needs that Well that whatever you can do To make sure that she got everything that she needs just do that and then let her rest to let her relax let her vibe Just let allow her to be in as good of a space that she can be in me But definitely keep us posted on everything.  Thank you for that And he said if the Ravens trade for Michael Thomas next offseason on the scale of 1 to 10 Would you be hyped up? I also got tickets for the Ravens and Chiefs game. Okay, that should be a fun one And that's that's like coming up really really soon like really really soon Wow we are Okay, next week. Yeah, next week we get football because next week we get there this upcoming Thursday This upcoming Thursday We get the Bucks and Cowboys and yeah, then we're off then the following Monday Finally get to see the Ravens in regular season action. It counts And then yeah the following Sunday Chiefs and you'll be there. So congrats on that But would I be hyped? Whoa on a scale of 1 to 10 how hype would I be? I Don't know. I don't know. I is it's very hard to answer that right now because It hasn't happened and will it happen who knows I can't say how hyped I would or wouldn't be There's so many other factors that would weigh into that because Right now I would think if they were to trade for Michael Thomas Depending on how Sammy Watkins year was it? I just I don't know how his year is gonna go We'll see it depends on that. I'm also how would that impact Hollywood? and Just it would it's just too early to tell what my level of excitement would be if that happened because it's too many other Factors that will play a part in the Ravens making that decision and how it would impact the Ravens Ravens