Let's start right away. Good evening guys and thank you for making it at 7 here after office hours and we'll jump into the topic right away. We'll discuss about hosting a blazer app using Azure Static Storage websites. So basically we have two new concepts and two new ways of developing SPS single-page applications and deploying them. How many web developers here? Okay, and the web developers starting from the ASPX days, web forms ASPX days. And what would be the one thing you know which we as web developers we always wanted to see in our Microsoft applications development. Let's make this interactive. I will be gathering on all along and you guys just staring at the screen doesn't make sense. Yeah, so you know that one thing which we always wanted to speed up our development or one wish you know as a web developer. What was that one thing which you always wished would come in the next release in the next release something like that. Any wishes? Any wishes for web devs? Okay, fine. So you know we I mean as a web dev I wish that I wouldn't have to write so much of JavaScript code. Then I wish that I wouldn't have to learn Razor syntax when they came up with MVC. After that I wish I didn't have to learn AngularJS which I had to and then going forward the next year they came with Angular 2 and suddenly you're like this is changed. So yeah, so now another thing was all of us we wish that we we should know only one language and that should be able to help us to get through client side and server side coding. So well wish granted they have come up with Blazor. So as you see that's similar to Razor. So the syntax which you see would be similar to the Razor syntax. But what Blazor essentially does is your DLLs your DLLs the server side code you can render in client side browser. Okay, so that's that's it runs on top of the assembly which is W3C standard. So it's not something you know they have introduced out of out of the blue. Okay, second thing is most of us when we want to develop websites content web content not all of that is dynamic. Most of the times we just want to develop sites with our blogs which is static content and then doing so on Azure. You know which are some shared hosting sites incurred substantial amount of cost. So yeah, so for Azure static storage the primary motivation is that organizations are individuals we need to deploy static websites frequently block content or just about us contact us kind of company websites. And then we are always on the path of improving the time to deploy improving the cost viability and traditional shared hosting providers cost somewhere around 8 to 10 USD per month. These are still a bit you know a conservative measures could be more taken from the website about two years ago. Okay, so just on the conservative side. Okay, and why why do shared hosting require these costs because we need to reserve some CPU and VM memory. Okay, but what if our content is not dynamic and just static you know you don't really require some server side IO and stuff all you require is storage and bandwidth. So that is where Azure static storage comes into play. They have very recently maybe around one and a half years back this announcement was made. And as we go along we'll see you know how not to confuse it with Azure block storage and what are the benefits we get with static storage. Okay, so yeah they announced static website hosting which was yet another option. So you have many other options already available. That is your traditional deployment using the app service. Then you have Kubernetes Docker VMs and all those things. Okay, so we'll see the power of hosting on Azure static storage. The metrics which will form the basis of our comparison of deciding why static storage for single page applications. And essentially it's only for you know static content which you know won't change frequently. It wouldn't require you to write APIs and server side connection all static content which you may just update frequently. But this is just STML rendered application. So the metrics for our comparison would be how much effort to manually deploy an application with the traditional method. Vis-a-vis our Azure static storage websites. Configuration which is needed. How much does it scale? How much does it perform? And how much does it cost? So while the first three you know it depends on what are you using? Are you using visual team, VSTS, visual team studio to deploy? Are you copying the scripts manually? Writing some scripts to upload your published folder to the cloud and all those things. The major point of contention would be the last two metrics. How does it perform? What does it cost? Straight away this is the data taken from the block site which was introduced when they introduced the static storage. So if you look at app service when we are deploying using app service. The state forward calculation is one instance with the minimum configuration it is still going to cost you around 60 euros per month. The second popular method of deploying would be using Azure Function app plus the storage. So these are some of the assumptions you see that our single page application consists of maybe it's not a very big application. So files may be home about contactors, careers and sort of those stuff. With about 100,000 requests per day for one month which makes about 15 million requests per month. The calculations based on that would be just for the traffic would be 0.7 euro per month and then the storage cost would be around 5.6 which comes to 5.81. That you trade off with the static storage. Static storage how it is priced is you are hosting it at no cost. The only cost for static storage comes in for your block storage and the operations which are performed. So which means you are paying only for the storage and operations which comes to 4.64 euro per month. Assuming we are not a very big website and we require I mean the number of requests is not exponentially big. So which means we have a clear winner there. Azure static storage is very cost effective and when you compare the storage performance, sorry when you compare the performance with 10000 requests across all three applications, there also you see that the storage is the clear winner. One baffling fact is why Azure function with app would take so much time. But yeah I mean when you try and run this is actually the responses which you get for about 1000, 10,000 and 100,000 requests. Any case our purpose is solved. Azure static storage performs the best even here. Okay now let's diverge a bit. So once I mean how to leverage on Azure static storage and how to empower that with the Blazor application. Before we move on to the final demo where we see how to publish Blazor app and upload it on the static storage website. First let us dive into the details of Blazor. So as I have been saying Blazor is a framework which enables us to compile our DLL server side code and render them into the browser. So it was basically it is still in the preview version. So if you download Visual Studio 2019 how many of you are already using Visual Studio 2019? Okay so in the Visual Studio 2019 I think the latest update is 16.3. I'm not sure. It doesn't ship with that. This is still in the preview version the Blazor. Okay and so basically with 2019 what you see is it hasn't been a better time to be a .NET developer. You can build a myriad of apps across myriad platforms with different technologies communicating with each other over diverse platforms. So it comes in .NET Core 3.0 is introduced and the preview six version will include the Blazor templates. Okay and of course as you have been seeing that with each release of Visual Studio ID they are extending the support more and more towards diverse applications. How many of you have been using Visual Studio 2017 to develop .NET Core apps? Yeah so in Visual Studio 2017 when you see that you are trying to have a console app, .NET console app or WPF doesn't come with the .NET Core support. Web app you have an option. I mean the template, the type of project you choose, you get that option ASP.NET Core whatever. Then you choose the versions 2.0, 1.1 whatever. But you don't see it for web, sorry for WPF, WinForms etc. With 2019 you have that capacity. So that is just a bit. Okay. Now what do we do with .NET Core 3.0? So of course it has the ASP.NET Core functionality intact with MBC Razor pages where the API signal are with some improvements to security and identity. Okay. The component which they have introduced Blazor, this would be writing the client side. Also it doesn't mean that you cannot write your JavaScript code anymore or you are not able to allow to leverage on your React and Angular code. Yeah, you can of course do that. On top of that you can build components only with C sharp code. And you have something called as GRPC services. Those are background worker services used for communication between processes or applications. Okay. So if time permits at the end we will see this demo where we see all the three parts we have discussed. The client, the Blazor front end, the GRPC services and the ASP.NET Core working in tandem and bringing us this application. Okay. So what does a full stack application entail? Okay. The client side would be, I mean the UI which you saw that. So the client side would be just a grid which is accepting certain orders for processing. This is not real time processing. In the order, the status you would see here would be pending. Then, so that would be, the client side would be built using Blazor. Then we would have a background worker process running based on, built on using GRPC. How many of you are aware of the GRPC protocol? Okay. Yeah. So I would mention a bit of that when we are actually seeing the demo, GRPC. And so GRPC protocol, the worker services is built on that and it runs in the background. As soon as an order is received, it will process the order and then it will communicate the status back to the UI. And that is done using, the communication is done by using SignalR. Okay. So Blazor basically is built client side web UI with .NET instead of JavaScript. Call into the JavaScript libraries and browser APIs as needed. If you have already existing JavaScript libraries, you can write web UI components, reusable components, and share the .NET code with both client and server. How many of us are working with Angular? Angular, JS, Angular 2, Angular 4. Okay. So in Angular, we see that we have reusable components, right? I mean, once you have a component, you can use it across pages. So same thing. I mean, same concept is there with Blazor also. So once you build a component, you can use it in various other pages as well. So each page, like for example to relate it to the ASPX days, ASPX, if you had to have master, I mean, if you had to have some common controls and used to have those master child pages or user controls in which the control is shared across pages. So it's extension of that concept, but in a more user friendly way. Okay. So Blazor for WebAssembly is now in the official preview. Again, when you get the version of Visual Studio 2019, you get the Blazor server side template. You don't get the Blazor client side template per se unless you are working with the preview version. Okay. So this is what I was talking about. So you have two templates, Blazor on client side or server side. Blazor on client side is running completely on the browser thanks to the WebAssembly and which is your C sharp, razor code both are rendered in the browser. Okay. And for the Blazor server side, they are rendered to the browser using SignalR. So basically everything is compiled on the server side for Blazor server side templates and that code is rendered to the client side using SignalR protocol. There are pros and cons of both approach. We'll see them shortly. So in the demo for Blazor, we will see the components of Blazor built using Blazor client side template and I'll walk you through the usable components and how the file looks and how the DLLs are compiled and available as a JS.js. So we'll jump into the demo. Okay. First of all, I would like to show you how the templates look for. Okay. So if I click on create a new project here. Okay. Let's go for a .NET core web application. Click next. Yeah. Any name. It's okay. Okay. And when I click on create, you would get an option for the, to choose the templates for using which you would want to go and build. So you see here worker service web app, Blazor server side and Blazor client side. So we have constructed our demo using Blazor client side. Okay. Let's just close it because we already have created it. Okay. Yeah. So once you create your Blazor application using the client side template. These are the three default projects you get Blazor sample client, Blazor sample server, Blazor sample shared. Shared is a project which is some shared classes between the client and server. Have a keen look at the client project. These are your pages. Okay. These are razor pages or essentially your ASPX or HTML pages, the UI. You have components here. Imposed dot razor, counter razor, fetch data razor, index razor. Also please pay attention to the fact that you don't have a folder called as scripts or content anywhere which is having your JavaScript libraries. It's purely if you go inside the code here, counter dot razor or fetch data razor, index razor, it's all all C sharp code. You don't see any JavaScript libraries being included or whatever. I mean forget the styling CSS and stuff bootstrap and all, but apart from that for any of the functionality, you don't see any. So this syntax if you see would remind you much of the razor syntax we used with MVC. It's very close to that, but it's all using C sharp code. You don't see any client side libraries anywhere. Okay. And these are the program and startup which if you have worked with dotted core, we are very familiar with how they are used to build the configuration and set up the ports and everything. Okay. Blazor sample server if you see it will have your normal controllers and everything from where they are calling the APIs to render the data. Let's quickly run and see. Okay. This blazor grid component, I will give you the link later on which all these demos are available on GitHub. So it's a component built and we have imported it. It is just to highlight the capabilities of using blazor, powerful blazor components rather than using the built-in THTD tags and rendering the grid as a table. Okay. So this blazor grid, there are many third party components already built and available in blazor and you can already start importing them for your application. Okay. So let's run this blazor sample and let us see how it looks in the Internet Explorer. Does it bother any of us that our DLLs are now being rendered on the browser? I mean, last time when I was talking in the Dev Insider about blazor, a lot of people came up and asked me this, you know, that your DLLs, I mean, that's a server-side code, right? I can hack into it and that is something which is now being made available to me on my browser. Does it compromise my security? Does it compromise my application in any way? No, because this is not something they have introduced out of the box. WebAssembly is a W3C standard. It's a standard, so the framework is tuned to that standard. So it doesn't in any way compromise our code or it doesn't. For example, something which the database calls, for example, won't be rendered in the client side. So whatever paradigms or whatever rules are applying to our normal applications, the same apply here. There's no compromise security or anything like that. Okay. So let us look at our, we do a quick F12 and let us again reload. Okay. Now you see this mono.js, right? You see our DLLs also in the browser. And thanks to this mono.js, that is responsible for converting our client side code, making it available and rendered in the client side in the browser. Okay. Then you can also see all your DLLs. I suppose anyone who has debugged our previous applications, Angular or whatever with Firebug or Postman or stuff like that, I'm pretty sure we are not able to see this DLLs like this rendered in the client side. It's very much available here. You can see that. And the extra file which we see here is the mono.js and mono.wsm. WSM, this WSM file is the WebAssembly file. The WebAssembly file, which is the protocol that WebAssembly W3C standard, which allows the server side libraries also to be rendered in the browser. Coming back to, so this is a very simple default template you get once you create a Blazor client side application about reusability. So this was a separate page altogether. There are three pages, home, counter, fetch data. So counter was a separate page, razor page altogether if you see in our application here. If you see in our application here, in the pages, you had index fetch data counter. So counter was a separate razor page. I can always use it here in this page. It will give intelligence also if you want to use it. So you can use it as a tag. Same thing what we do with Angular. You build components, you import them in other pages. So much the same way you can also do this. So essentially, since this code was already there, what I've done is this counter page, I've imported a component in the home page. I click, it increments the counter. So basically the functionality doesn't change. It's just to show you that we are building reusable components. The razor pages can be used across the application pages. Now let's move on. So that was a blazer on client. I will quickly, in five minutes, I'll show you blazer on server side. That is a much complex thing with all the GRPC and server side coding and all. Let me see how much we can cover. We started off quite late. So this is our blazer application built with the server side. And you see that this has three things. Application shared is the shared libraries between client server and the worker process. The worker process, it works on a GRPC protocol. So GRPC protocol is a protocol which was introduced by Google few years ago. And if I were to believe industry insiders, it is now going to very quickly replace our normal REST API calls. Because what happens with GRPC is that you have a definitive contract on the functions which are written. And plus, what do you think, what do you think GRPC, you have used GRPC, right? What do you think you know? Because I was asked this question and I have faced this myself, this difficulty that when you work with REST API. So when I was explaining GRPC services, people came to me saying that you already have REST. It's a very popular paradigm. Microservices are built already, huge frameworks are there. So why GRPC? And why it is such a big deal now? So what do you think in your experience that GRPC brings in what REST does not? For me, it's the enforcement of the protobufs like being able to find all your types. Correct. And the contracts as you mentioned, that's like the strongest point. Another point for me was dual streaming. REST doesn't allow that at all. Like you know, even if you were to enforce that, there's no streaming in REST. And that is something which is very beautifully handled by GRPC. So GRPC, it enforces a protocol on you, protocol on the server and client. So it's like a contract they agree on. And that is how I'm going to write my function. This is how I'm going to consume my function, something like that. And it's RPC, it's a remote procedure call. But based on certain contracts. So this is the protobuf file, which is the building block of GRPC. So this file, this is the contract which I'm talking about. So this is like a pre-agreed syntax. So once this syntax is shared between client and server, they know that there will be a service called as orders manager. There is going to be a message sent from the server for order request. And the client is going to get back a reply in the form of order reply, something like that. It's pre-agreed upon. And if you look here also, the proto file is shared. See, proto's. The proto file is shared between the client and the server. So quickly when if we run this application now, it takes a bit of time to run because on my laptop as you see, I have right from visuals to the 2008. So right from the ASPX days to the blazer days. So let's say donuts, for example, maybe quantity 20, save order. So this is not immediately processed. An order is entered. It is there in the pipeline in the queue and it's pending. Now let us run the worker's worker process, which we have where the protocol is defined using the proto file. Let's run that. The worker is built using the GRPC as a client. See, order with ID4 has been processed. And now if I just refresh my page here, it will immediately notify that this order has been processed. Now it's no longer waiting in queue. So this communication from the client, server, back and forth worker services running in background, long running services that has been addressed. And another advantage of using worker services with Blazer framework is, let's say today this is hosted, the worker was hosted using a Windows service. Tomorrow you may want to use the event viewer to log everything. That also can be done by adding just few lines of code and some packages and you get packages. But it knows that when it's rendered as a Windows service, I should log the output in console when it is as an event viewer than where I should log and all those are inbuilt into the framework and it's very intuitive coding. You don't have to put in a lot of effort or stuff to do that. Moving on, so that was about Blazer. So we saw two concepts. One is Blazer, one is why Azure Static Storage. Now let's quickly combine those two and see the power of deploying Blazer on Azure Static Storage. So how many of you have a free Azure subscription? You know, you can just log into the portal and check out all the features offerings of Azure. If you ask a question, you might get one today. So for deployment, we will first log into our Azure portal and there you will see something like this. So I have logged into my Azure portal. In there, you go to storage accounts and then you click on add storage account, add here. Basically give the field whatever your subscription is. Resource group is the name what you want to give to your resource or account has to be a unique name. If it is repeated, it won't allow you to create. It would give you a validation error when you are trying to review and recreate here. Storage account name, location and rest all the things you can leave it as general. It is already a storage V2 general purpose account. It's different from the Azure Blob Storage. When you create review and create, it will create your storage account with the defaults. So I have already created one which is called as Blazer Static Storage. Now if you go to this Blazer Static Storage, there most of the things are already configured for us. We need to go to the static website prompt and there initially you will see that it is in a disabled state. You just make it enabled and it will give you two endpoints, primary and secondary. It generates on its own. Just keep high on the format of that. It gives HTTPS and the name of the account you have given and then these are generated by Azure. So when we are publishing or uploading our files to this static storage website, just be mindful of the account name you have given. You will have to give that in the syntax. If you see that it creates a dollar web folder here. If you go to this web folder, if you initially when you create that, it would be in a private access. You change it to either blob or container, both of which will allow you to browse the website once it is hosted. So I have made it a blob access. If you look at the contents of this, this is what we have published from our Blazer app. We will discuss that how we have done that. So let's go to our Blazer app here. The first one which we saw with the Blazer sample. This one. I basically just published the application. When you publish the application, it will... When you publish the application, it will just, if I open it in the file explorer, once you publish the application, it will create... These are the published files it has created, which we have to upload to our dollar web folder on the Azure static storage. So for that you have multiple ways to upload the files. You can use Visual Studio Code interface and you have an upload button there to upload. Or you can use the interface provided on the portal itself where you can upload files. So if I go here, you have... Sorry. Yeah, here. Upload. You can upload files from here also. But that is a bit tedious. You have to do it file by file. Or you have Azure CLI command prompt from where you can run commands and upload the entire folder or files inside that folder to the dollar web folder. So this is what I have done. So this is our Azure CLI. I downloaded it. And then these are the commands. az storage blob update. You have to give this account name. And then the account name of your account which you have specified, which in our case is Blazer Static Storage. Whatever the account name you have given when you are creating your static websites. So you do that account name. And the files you want to upload, the folders you want to upload. Once that is done, this is how it looks like. So this is your dollar web folder. Yeah. And these are the files you have uploaded. One thing to notice here is when you are creating your static website, it will ask you for two things. Your default page and your not found 404 page. So those you have to specify. For the 404 which is not found page, you can give the same index.html so that it falls back. If you don't have an error page configured, you can give the same fallback page so that you don't get that ugly azure cannot find XML error. So go back to your website. Go back to the static website. There are other options you can see. Blobs, custom domain. Custom domain is if what if you don't want to use this default link which is given here, but you may want to have some custom domain configured. You can do that here. Access keys, replication, cross-domain policy and stuff. So now all our basic stuff is done. If you look here, I have configured the default name, the landing page and the error page. And if you just browse this. Is it already there? With the primary or the secondary endpoint, both of them could be there. So we are just browsing it. And your application is rendered. It takes a bit of time. But this again, you know the static storage as I kept on highlighting is only for static data. To reiterate, when you will try to go to the fetch data page, fetch data page is actually fetching some data from API of server side that won't work here. So now this same application is working hosted on a static Azure website. You look at the counter field, the counter page, the home page. Both of them work as expected. The counter also. So because this is static data, as soon as I'm navigating to the fetch data page, it will throw an error. You can look at the network here. See console, console error, because it is trying to look for a server call here. Whether forecast API sample data, which is a server request to fetch some remote data. So how to do that, how to configure and how to have Azure function set up to communicate with your server side will be covered in the future sessions. So that's all for now. So we see how easy it is to deploy SPAs built with Blazor to Azure static storage. And I would be happy to take any questions.


Hey guys, Chris Birch here today. I just wanted to go and show you another item that we traditionally do In our print business, which is these Door hangers right traditional political door hangers some people even use them for Landscaping tree experts whatnot. So if you want to learn how we produce them here in-house stay tuned All right, so we just printed these out As you see here, it's just blank. I mean, excuse me blank at the top where the hole will be cut So we're just gonna back trim this last stack And we're doing this order is 500 pieces So now we're over here at the cutter. I'm gonna make this one lash trim All right, so now They're all even I'll take you over and show you how the hole and then the splice gets cut So what I did not mention is actually when we print these door hangers as you see here There's more than one on the sheet So for a four inch by nine inch, which is what we're doing today four inches by nine inches We actually are able to produce six of them on each printed sheet and then as you just saw we take our guillotine cutter and trim that down So then you're you're you end up with individual pieces Now this job that we're doing today is only 500 pieces. It's a small local school board race and In larger quantity we would use what's called a letterpress where it would the the device would actually take this piece Bring it up and punch the hole Automatically so with the smaller quantity we actually use what is right here if you can see it's just a Single hole so you can take a couple pieces Take your punch and then bam You got a hole And because it's such a small order we just take regular scissors Clip it and now bam you have a custom full-color Door hanger So to learn more about this if you're interested in door hangers I'll put a link down below if this content has brought value to show you how we're able to produce door hangers Do me a favor hit the thumbs up hit the subscribe button and I'll talk to you guys soon


Read my lips. It's not disassociation. It's dissociation. You pretend to discuss issues in psychology. Use the right words. Dissociation, not disassociation. Got it? Okay, Isha Shanim, now that I have narcissistically mortified all of you without a single exception. It is my pleasure and honor and delight to carry on. Today we are going to discuss a very interesting topic. In private next week I am going to shoot the dialogue of the conversation with Richard Granum on separation individuation. According to your comments, it's been long awaited. It is not possible to heal from narcissistic abuse before you undergo a process of separation individuation as if you were a toddler, an infant, because that's what the narcissist does to you. He infantilizes you. And so there are two videos that are the precursors to this dialogue. You should watch these two videos before you watch the dialogue. And the first one is deep program the narcissist in your mind and the second one is this. Watch these two videos and then proceed to the dialogue between me and the inimitable Granum. Okay, let's delve right in, let's dive right in. Dissociation and objectification are at the core of separation individuation around the ages of 18 to 24 months old. Now that's a mouthful. It's also full of very long $10 words which are absolutely my favorite because I know that you won't understand the word I'm saying. It gratifies me. Okay, enough with the villain act. My name is Sam Vaknin. I'm the author of Malignan Self-Love, Narcissism Revisited and a professor of psychology in CIAPS, Center for International Advanced and Professional Studies, the Outreach Program of the CIAPS Consortium of Universities. I'm also a visiting professor of psychology in Southern Federal University who has toughened on Russian Federation. Yes, Russian Federation. Now you all heard of separation individuation. It's when the child says goodbye to mommy. Mommy is a safe base. Mommy is a secure, a secure location. Mommy is the place the child goes to when it wants to reduce anxiety, to reacquire a sense of safety, to manage itself in the world without incurring any costs or risks. A good enough mother provides a safe base, provides this sense of security. But at some point the child wants to venture off. The child grows up, begins to develop boundaries and tries to separate from mother. The process of separating from mother creates an identity. The boundaries coalesce and rigidify, become rigid. And the boundaries protect as an inner space within which processes, psychodynamic processes, are happening. These processes are what we call individuation. So the process of becoming an individual, developing a self if you believe in a self, this process happens behind firewalls, behind a fortress. And it is the reflection of the separation from mother.  Because the child ventures out into a world that's potentially hostile, definitely unpredictable, unknown, not familiar. The child at the age of two, two years old, exits its comfort zone. And so it's very traumatic, very frightening. And the child engages in approach avoidance. He avoids mommy, he separates from her, he walks a few steps and then physically he runs back to mommy and hugs her legs. Avoidance, approach, avoidance, approach. And the avoidance becomes longer, the approach becomes shorter until finally personal autonomy, agency, independence are obtained and the child becomes an individual. It's a very healthy process and it happens again in other lessons. But this process of separation and individuation involves three elements. Number one, dissociation. Number two, objectification. Number three, grandiosity. Does it strike a bell? Dissociation, objectification of other people. Grandiosity, yes. The process of separation and individuation is a prime example of healthy narcissism, what Freud called primary narcissism. Why the dissociation? Why does it need to dissociate? Prior to the separation phase, between the ages of six months and 18 months, prior to the separation phase, the child is in a symbiotic state with his mother. The child and mother are one. The child does not perceive himself or itself as separate from mother. In fact, he doesn't perceive any object at all outside itself. The child object in the sense of any other person outside itself. The child perceives the entire world, definitely mommy, as just a kind of internal space externalized. The child is fluid, it has no boundaries. There is a total conflation of internal and external objects.  The child and mommy are one, chimera, an organism with two heads, but a single one, a single cell. The child regards mother as a part of himself. They are inseparable. So in order to separate from her, the child needs to cut off a part of himself, which is mommy. If mommy is a part of the child, to separate from mommy means to separate from yourself, from oneself. If mommy is a part of the child, the child needs to disown that part, to repress it, to deny it, to forget it, to depersonalize it. He needs to get rid of it.  He needs to cut off this part and then to objectify it, to render it an external object. Remember that mommy used to be a part of the baby. And so by dissociating, the baby cuts off this part. But then what to do with it? The baby objectifies mommy. He renders her an external object. For the first time in the child's life, there is internal and external. They are distinguishable, discernible, clearly boundary. It's a very healthy process. The child begins to feel divided from mommy, individual, divisible. He is a part from mommy. Mommy is out there. He is in here. And so both dissociation, dissociating the mommy part and objectifying the mommy part, rendering the mommy part, the erstwhile mommy part, rendering it an external object. They are inseparable and integral parts of separation individuation. The child also develops transient grandiosity to be able to take on the world all by its little self. You need to be seriously grandiose to believe that you can explore reality and embark on a voyage of discovery when you're 18 months old. That's the epitome and quintessence of grandiosity, I should say. And so the child undergoes a dizzying, through a dizzying array of psychological processes. They take place very fast. The first stage, he dissociates mommy inside himself. He dissociates this internal object. He cuts it off. Mommy suddenly is no longer inside himself. Mommy is no longer an extension of himself. Mommy is no longer a part of himself. Mommy is no longer a component or an ingredient or a figment of his imagination. Mommy is out there. So he dissociates her, cuts off a part of himself and takes this part, throws it out, projects it. And voila, lo and behold, there's an external object. And it has mommy's face. So he objectifies.  Later on, he develops object relations and so on and so forth. So you're beginning to see the affinity between separation and individuation, the parallels, the equivalences between separation and individuation and narcissism. If anything goes wrong in the process of separation and individuation, narcissism arises and erupts because narcissism is another name for separation, individuation, gun or eye.   She doesn't want that. Not only does the child regard her as an extension, she regards him as an extension. It's a mutual symbiosis. It's a very sick merger and fusion. This pathological relationship prevents the child from evolving into an adult, effectively, and he remains stuck in the age of two prior to separation and individuation. And we call these people narcissists. So within narcissists, later in life, comes across a mother substitute, also known as intimate partner. When he finds a mother substitute, he tries to recreate this ancient dynamic. He tries to force her to merge with him. Because the only relationship a narcissist has had with any maternal figure was a relationship of symbiosis, of merger, of fusion, of lack of boundaries, lack of separateness, lack of individuation. So when he comes across a potentially maternal figure, he tries to shoehorn her, to coerce her into an acting the same role and the same psychological dynamic. He tries to fuse with her so that they become one. He wants to absorb her in order to eliminate her external object status, their individuality. In narcissists, there is a reverse process of separation individuation, where the original healthy child ventures forth, separates from mother, discovers the world and begins to see mother as one of the external objects in this world. The narcissist goes exactly in reverse. He comes across an external object and then he wants to internalize this external object, to interject it. He wants it to become an avatar.  This is a very pernicious dynamic. Because the narcissist aggressively and grandiosely converts his partner into what we call a self-object or an object representation. He eliminates her ability to separate from him, but he also regards her as a symbol, as a voice, as a representation, not as a real person. At least in his mind, he believes that she is he and he is she. This equivalency is death. The partner has to die in the sense that she is no longer allowed to act agentically, autonomously and independently. And if she dies, it provokes aggression, the devaluation phase. The narcissist violates all his partner's boundaries in order to negate her agentic autonomy because it threatens him. He needs her to be his mother and he needs her to be the equivalent of a copy or a replica or a clone of his original mother in the sense that she needs to accept that she and her narcissist are not separate. They are one and the same.  So she needs to accept this. She needs to suspend her separateness. She needs to abrogate her boundaries if she wants to stay with the narcissist. And she needs to allow him to assimilate her, to absorb her into himself so that she becomes yet another tissue in his body mind. And there she exists and subsists in suspended animation very much like the Matrix. And this is the first deal that she strikes with it. And he wouldn't allow her never to become an external object because he had never experienced that. It feels threatening to him. His original mother did not allow him to experience her as an external object. And there was always a threat of abandonment if she becomes external. In other words, if he were to try to separate, individuate, the implicit message of his original mother was, you're going to lose me. I'm going to walk away. You will never see me again.   I coined the phrase narcissistic abuse in 1995 to describe exactly this inexorable process. The narcissist is like acid. Acid, it dissolves you. You're like in an acid barrel. It dissolves you. It removes your contours. It melts your boundaries. It infiltrates you and absorbs you and melds with you, becomes one with you in some kind of primordial soup. And from that moment on, you are in his mind. You are his mind.  And you become one mind, a hive mind. This is precisely narcissistic abuse because if you resist this process, the narcissist becomes aggressive, violent, devaluing and ultimately will discard you. This is the precondition for having a relationship with a narcissist that you should cease to exist as an external independent object and agree to become, agree to resurrect in the narcissist's mind as an internal object, a representation, a snapshot. This is as good a description of narcissistic abuse as I can think of. Okay, watch, de-program the narcissist in your mind and watch this video and then watch my dialogue with Richard Granon in Prague next week about separation and individuation as a condition for healing because you need to reverse this process. You need to force the narcissist to allow you to separate from him and to become again an individual. The narcissist regresses you.  She has no boundaries as well. She is some kind of codependent or worse narcissist.  And to do that, you need to separate from the narcissist in the psychological sense and then individual. This I will discuss with Richard next time I see you. Thank you for listening.


Well, how do you thank you so much. And next time I see you, we can spend a little bit time about the greatness of the Green Bay Packer football team up next to close out our first panel session is Dr. Gloria beam. Dr beam is the current co chair of the United States Olympic Committee sports medicine medical advisory group. She is a proud graduate of the University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, based in beautiful La Jolla, California, which explains why she loves surfing and water sports. And she is also an expert at making animal balloons. So Dr beam, welcome. Thank you so much. And thank you, Dr. Philip on and Dr. Nubon and the rest of the Stedman Philip on Research Institute, as well as the US OPC. It is truly an honor to address such an esteemed group of colleagues. So my talk is about suicide. What does that have to do with sports medicine and injury prevention? Well, around the world, the incidence of suicide is on the rise, but it's not just a lost or lonely that it affects our sports medicine patients and athletes who look like they have it all together, who have become known for their superior performance, who are celebrated for what they have achieved. They may be suffering too. If one of these athletes blows out their knee, me and just about every other doc on this call would be there in a minute. But if they struggle mentally or emotionally, then what are we doing to support them? Many athletes would certainly say not nearly enough. As an orthopedist, I do not pretend to be an expert in mental health. However, I do want to focus on the subject as it affects all of us in some way, whether through our patients or family and friends, we all have been touched in some way by suicide. The definition of suicide is death caused by injuring oneself with the intent to die. It's a major public health problem, and often it is preventable.  For every suicide, there are 30 attempts. This is also preventable. This is also preventable. 2.5% of the global population makes at least one suicide attempt per lifetime. The statistics from 2017 reveal that greater than 800,000 suicides per year occurred worldwide. This is projected to be 1.5 million in 2020. And with the current COVID crisis, this might actually be real. There were 47,000 deaths in the US. It was the 10th leading cause of death and the 15th leading cause of death worldwide. That's 120 suicides a day in this country, one every 11 minutes. 1.8% of all deaths in the US are from suicide. Some regions have higher rates than others. South East Asia has been the highest, yet Europe and the US are far greater than the global average. In the US, 10.6 million seriously considered suicide. 3.2 million made a plan. 1.4 million attempted. 2 to 10% of adolescents attempted suicide. Females are more likely to attempt and males are more likely to complete suicide. So what are the risks? Thank you so much. According to CDC violence prevention resources, the populations with the highest rates are among American Indian and Alaska Natives, non-Hispanic whites, veterans, military personnel, and then people in construction, the arts, entertainment, media, and of course sport. In Europe and the US, men are much more likely to commit suicide than women. But in Eastern Mediterranean and Western Pacific regions, women are catching up. And this may be underestimated due to reporting issues. It's often misclassified or under reported due to taboo. Boys with previous suicide attempts have a 30-fold increase in suicide risk compared to boys with no history of suicide attempts. Girls have a three-fold increase. Other risk factors include family history, people who have experienced violence, social isolation, economic hardship, mental health problems, alcohol and substance abuse, and lack of easy access to healthcare. Other risk factors include too many stressors such as school, sport, and other activities, and then in athletes with high expectations from parents, coaches, teams, and peers. Other stressors including school problems, which accounts for 14% of suicides, drifting between school and jobs, acute conflicts with parental figures, 40% of suicides, other bullying, cyberbullying, mental, physical, and sexual abuse, as well as disciplinary trouble, most commonly with substance abuse. And then finally, personal loss. One-fifth of youth suicides are due to some type of personal loss, whether it's relationship breakups, death of a close family member or close friends, peer rejection, job loss, and athletes' inability to compete. Thinking mental health disorders are found to contribute between 47 and 74% of suicide risk. 90% have suffered from at least one mental disorder, 15% with major depression, and 25% untreated bipolar, substance abuse, eating disorders, and schizophrenia. So what are the warning signs? Following a loss or painful event, talking about suicide, threatening suicide, looking for means to harm oneself, sudden changes in mood or behavior, feeling hopeless, escalating use of alcohol or drugs, altered sleeping or eating habits, engaging in risky behaviors, saying permanent goodbyes to loved ones, giving away personal belongings, distancing themselves, and preoccupation with death, dying, or violence. Thank you so much. What are the consequences of suicide? Well, it affects the health of others in the community. Shock, guilt, anger, depression can affect all of us. The economic toll on society, $70 billion a year. Consequences of attempted suicide, serious injuries, long-term effects on health, increases risk of another suicide attempt. This is a big one.  Now let's talk about suicide and athletes. Suicide risk in athletes. Extreme aggression can be turned inward. Sound body, not always synonymous with sound mind. Even the athletes who are not quitters may contemplate suicide. BOM in 2005 revealed over a 34-year period, 71 athletes who had either contemplated, attempted, or completed suicide. 66 did complete. Among risk factors that appeared to have a major influence were injury, psychosocial stressors, the pressure to win, substance abuse, retirement, access one psychopathology, and anabolic steroid use. Other factors are seen here as well. Post-concussive syndrome is a potential etiology. There's 1.5 million high school football players per year, 250,000 concussions per season, and this is likely under-reported. Depression, anxiety, panic disorder, ADHD, substance abuse, PTSD, and psychosis can all occur after a concussion. There is three times the normal rate of suicide with these diagnoses. Thank you. Bipolar, ADHD, depression, eating disorders, these are all part of the possible etiology for suicide. The mortality rate in anorexia is 9 to 12 percent. One-third of these are from suicide. Gymnast, Christy Henrich, just missed the 1988 Olympics. She weighed 60 pounds at her death at age 22. As compared to age-matched heterosexuals, homosexuals between the age of 15 and 24 had a 2 to 3 times increased risk of suicide. Greg Luganus had 3 suicide attempts prior to age 18 due to being teased from the sports that he enjoyed doing. Thank you so much. The NCAA includes 450,000 athletes per year. Over a nine-year period, Ralph found 35 cases out of 477 student-athlete deaths. That's 7.3 percent. The rate is lower than the general and collegiate population, and this may confer a protective effect against suicide for college athletes. Males are significantly at higher risk than females, and football athletes are at greatest risk as well. Injury or inability to compete increases risk of depression and suicidal behavior. There was a cross-sectional anonymous online survey done by the Australian Institute of Sport in 17-year-olds and older. They looked at psychological distress, probable caseness, which is mental health symptoms that would usually warrant a need for care by a healthcare professional. Risky alcohol consumption, body weight and shape dissatisfaction, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and a gambling problem. Thank you. Compared to general community peers, athletes were significantly more likely to report psychological distress and had higher probable caseness. Conversely, alcohol gambling, body dissatisfaction were all lower in athletes, and the athletes also showed higher self-esteem and life satisfaction. Since the first modern Olympics in 1896, 120 Olympians committed suicide worldwide. Recently, Kelly Catlin, a 23-year-old cyclist, died after her second suicide attempt. Michael Phelps is an impactful mental health advocate and recalled feeling suicidal after the 2012 games. As all of us do, he worries about the mental health of many athletes as a result of postponing the 2020 Games. Thank you. The NCAA Sports Science Institute provides educational resources to promote and support the health and well-being of student athletes. The U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Committee has formed an external mental health task force to support Team USA. This includes athletes, coaches, medical doctors, and psychologists spanning many different areas of specialization. Thank you so much. Recent publications in our field signals the growing interest in the support of athletes' mental health as well.  Athletes' support webinars, as well as peer-to-peer support groups, are available. The more we are aware of them, the better we can help support our athletes. Protective factors serve as a buffer against certain risk factors. We need to work together to identify and manage these risks. We need to strengthen access and delivery of care. Help create protective environments in stable living situations. Help promote connectedness with family and community support. Teach coping and problem-solving skills. Identify and support at-risk individuals. And reduce harms and prevent future risks. Thank you so much. My hope is that this brief talk and others like it will bring more attention to behavioral health. Help destigmatize it and attract resources so that we as a medical community will be able to do better in protecting the health and the lives of these, our patients. Let's also remember that Mental Health Awareness Month begins Friday. Thank you again for this amazing opportunity. I'm really honored to be a part of this esteemed panel. And thank you for your attention.


Hello and welcome to Communism Combat and News Clip. Today we are going to talk about the crisis our judiciary is facing after the yesterday's press conference by four senior most judges of Supreme Court. And to discuss the matter with us, we have Supreme Court Advocate Kamini Jaiswal. Welcome to our show, ma'am. Yesterday it was the first time when four most senior judges of the Supreme Court held a press conference and they alleged a lot of irregularities about the Supreme Court, how it functions and everything. So what is your take on? I'm sorry, I don't think I call it an allegation because what they did was only bring out in the forefront the agony that they have been facing in the last few months on certain things which should never have happened. It's a very unfortunate day in the history of the judicial system and I hope it never does happen again. But they only placed before the people as to what exactly is happening and what is happening within the Supreme Court and how the all is not well within the system. One of the major problem that they talked about was how the CGI's role in the Master of Loster were there. No, no, what they talked about is, I mean, nobody is denying the fact that the Chief Justice of India has always been, this is not the first time that we have a Chief Justice of India, okay? We've always had one. And Chief Justice of India is one amongst equals. However, in certain administrative matters, he has the power to pass orders and also that he is, as per the law, the master of the roster. So the master of the roster or the master means that he will, he has the power to constitute the benches and allocate matters roster-wise. Now roster-wise is there has to be every power that is given to anybody accompanies some duty. Now the duty has to be to the use of that power in a judicious manner and not in a high-handed and arbitrary manner as is being done now. The judicious manner means there must be some guidelines. It has always been there. There is matters are always categorized and they are distributed category-wise. When you're filing a matter in the Supreme Court, you are obliged to fill in the category to which this matter belongs. And as per that categorization, the matters are allocated to the different benches that have been constituted and who are dealing with these matters. Subject-wise is the category. So now what one has seen of late is, you know, and I know all the judges are equal, but still there is something called seniority. You have a judge number, one a court number, one a court number, two a court number, three and there onwards court number, 13. The whole thing is that all these judges have reached whichever court they have as a matter of their experience in the Supreme Court. So the seniority is only way their experience in the Supreme Court. So therefore, when there are very sensitive matters or matters which have very wide ramifications, the past practice has been that these matters are normally allocated to the senior most judges, which means either court number 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or whatever it is as it goes down.  Now that is unfortunate because what happens there is that the cardinal principle is that justice must not only be done, but it must be seen to be done. So if you are allocating matters subject-wise or now we have depending so much on the computer. So you feed it in the computer that this subject goes to this court, this subject. So ultimately, so nobody can ever raise any kind of a doubt grievance or apprehension that this matter has been listed in so and so court arbitrarily. So you know that is how the whole thing has been going on. Nobody has ever questioned the, you know, the power of the Chief Justice to allocate matters or to constitute benches. But only now what is happening matters are being picked up and depending on how serious they are and what ramifications they have for the people in power, they are being allocated to, you know, courts which are much lower in the, you know, serial number or whatever you call them. I would say that judges with lesser experience than those who are there in the higher court. So that created a lot of and then also matters once they are listed in a particular court they should, they cannot be lifted up from that court and then, you know, just because you are uncomfortable that the matter is going on there, listed in other court. All these kind of things, you know, this arbitrarily pushing matters from one bench to the other or allocating a particular kind of matters to one particular bench only was creating a lot of, you know, apprehensions in the mind of the people and the people concerned. So therefore, I think, you know, and these matters and these senior most judges also owe some duty to the, you know, litigating public and to the people at large. They also are answerable and accountable to that extent that what is going on in the court, they can be silent spectators, you know, we don't have an ostrich kind of an existence, let things happen and put it under the carpet. So I think, you know, it is important and though it is very unfortunate, I think it is good that this has come out and people are now aware what is happening. Are there any other steps that need to be taken to make the judiciary in whole, to make it more transparent, more pro-people? Yes, more pro-people, I agree, you know, judiciary most, they have to only judges have to be sensitive to the problems, you know. The Supreme Court is meant for the rich and the poor alike. But we have from so many years been saying, it seems that the rich people get more hearing in the Supreme Court than a poor matter because he doesn't have the, you know, money power to engage the senior most lawyers and pay the lax and lax that is required. The poor fellow will, you know, barely get a hearing. So therefore, and also the sum, what is it happening is that these kind of matters where according to what happens, there are lot of people languishing in jail, but the criminal appeals are not being heard because these are poor people, nobody is bothered, they don't have senior lawyers who are able to do anything for them. Matters where large amount of finance is involved are getting priority being heard. So obviously, large finance being involved means so therefore, you know, lot needs to be done. In fact, there needs to be lot of transparency in the Supreme Court, in the functioning of the Supreme Court so that nobody can, a lot of smoke is there, but I always believe that there can be no smoke without any fire, but sometimes it can be much more smoke than the fire actually. So a lot of, you know, a lot of rumors going around, lot of things happening which you can never know, you can never check the veracity of that. So therefore, I think there has to be a lot more transparency in the functioning of the Supreme Court. How has the professional lawyer's body responded to this current crisis? I know there are particular class of people who would be very happy, they are the Japanese who only worship the rising sun. So the lot of people would only be worshiping the rising sun and the others feel anyway, these people have, the other judges have nothing to say. So the professional body is definitely divided, it is totally divided, but I can tell you that a lot of these allegations that go around would never have been, if the lawyer's body had been united and had been strong and had been functioning in the right direction because there can be, we hear a lot of financial irregularities. Now unless the lawyers are, conduits or lawyers are part of it, it can never be. So therefore, you know, professional bodies, we all know professional bodies are supposed to be for the welfare of the legal profession and the lawyers, but they seem to be doing anything but working towards the welfare of the lawyers. This morning, the Principal Secretary to the PM called upon the CGI, how do you see this? How do you see this? I find it very contradictory in terms because the government has gone on record saying, this is an internal matter and we should not, we don't need to interfere, we have nothing to say, they are saying nothing about it. What is the Principal Secretary doing meeting the CGI? Let's take the discussion to a larger, a broader space. Do you think there is an undeclared emergency in the country today and how is it operating? Listen, that undeclared emergency has been going on for some time. It has nothing to do with the press conference that happened yesterday. A lot of people have been talking that you know, what you wear, what you do, who you talk to, what you do, everything is going to be dictated by the government in power. So, if that is not emergency, what is? What you eat, you know, people are living under, constantly living under fear. People are not moving around, you know, there are particular class of people who are so scared that people are not ready to, people cannot talk. They are fearful about talking. I had been to Gujarat, people were fearful of saying that they would not vote for the present government. We will not vote for the government, but we will not say it. So, if that is not a, you can't express if your freedom of expression is curtailed, what more, what else do you want? I mean, after all, they can't stop our breathing the air that is there. But definitely, if they stop our fundamental right of freedom of expression and movement is curtailed, it is a kind of an undeclared emergency. So, last question ma'am, after the dramatic event of yesterday's press conference, how do you, what is the way forward? How do you see this resolving? Will there be a positive resolution to this? I do hope, you know, when things go very low, there is always, there has to be something, when it comes back, it has to bounce back. So, you know, now that we have gone, it has fallen so low, the whole thing, I am sure we will bounce back. Thank you so much for talking to us. This is all the time we have for today. Thank you and keep watching Newsclick and Subram.


Hello, everybody. Welcome back to another Premiere Pro tutorial. In this one, I'm going to show you how to intelligently use Auto Color Corrector, the intelligent Auto Color Corrector in Premiere Pro, and how you can correct your color, correct your footage in about 60 seconds. It's amazing. Here we go. Here's the new shot. Here's the original shot. And how did I do it? Well, let me show you. Let's delete all this stuff and start from scratch. Follow along with me if you'd like. Drag and drop some footage into the timeline, like I've done here, and I'll just increase that there a little bit. And now go to your project panel and select adjustment layer, new file or new item adjustment layer. Make sure that it's the same width and height as your original footage, which it is automatically in almost all cases. And select that adjustment layer and drag it on top, just like I've done here. Now lengthen it out so it's the exact same length as the footage underneath it. Now I'm making sure the adjustment layer is selected. Go to your Lumetri Color. If you don't see it, go to Window, go to Workspaces, and then click on Color just like that. The Lumetri Color will open up, and you'll see all of these things here. Go to Basic Correction. Go to this Auto button and click on it and watch. It's automatically done a color correction, and it's done a very good job. Now, if this isn't quite where you want it to be, I like to increase the intensity to really sell the effect. This looks pretty darn nice to me. Now, remember at the end here that this is just automatic color correction. If you want to add in more blue or more pink or whatever, you can still dial these in as you see fit. But in most cases, you'll get an amazing bit of color correction in about 60 seconds.


Now, let us define some more properties of sets. So, there are three different concepts that we will need, open sets, closed sets and compact sets. What is an open set? So, let S be a subset of Rn and define this B of X, R as the set of Y in Rn. So, here X in belongs, X is a point in Rn and R is just a real number, X is just a positive number. B of X, R is defined as all the Y's such that they are, such that they are at distance strictly less than R from X. So, again my axis, I am just drawing two axis, here is my point X and if I take my R here defines a radius B of X, R is then all these points, all of these points that lie in a ball of radius R around X. So, this is called a ball of radius R around X. Now, because we are keeping this strictly less, what we are excluding is those points that are at exactly distance R. So, the shell of this ball is actually excluded. So, if you want this shell here, this one is, this is excluded from this set. Now, we say that S is an open set for all X in S. So, take any point in S, then around it, you should be able to find some ball such that it lies completely in S. For all X in S, there exists a radius R such that, look at this ball of radius R around centered at X, this ball is completely in S. We say S is an open set, if for all X in S, there exists an R such that the ball centered at X of radius R lies completely in S. So, what does such a set look like? So, just imagine the set like this. So, what is, if I take a point here, if I take a point X here, so the challenge is that you have to, for every point X in the set, I should be able to find a fit a ball around it such that it lies completely in the set. So, let us look at a point like this. Around this, I can fit a ball very easily, I take a ball like this, it fits very easily or inside the set, I take this point, this ball also fit, there is a ball around this that fits completely in it. The difficulty starts arising at this point. So, if this point which is here on the edge of the set, now what can I, around this can I find a ball such that it lies completely in the set S. So, whatever ball I choose, however small I make the ball, I will have a problem because some of that, some part of that ball is going to spill outside the set. It is just the way the set is. No matter how small I make this, how tiny I make the radius, some part of the ball is going to spill outside the set and this condition here, this condition is going to get violated. So, sets like this, sets like this which have a shell or what we call a boundary, those kind of sets are not open. Now, there are other kinds of sets, now a set does not necessarily have to look like this, like a contiguous body. For example, a set can be just isolate, bunch of isolated points. This is also a set. Now, is this set open? No, this set is not open. This set is not open simply because you take any point around, at any point in the set and try to draw this ball around it. It has several other points apart from the points in the set. So, the ball has to be completely within the set and that is not possible here. So, a set that is open, you should imagine it as a set that is contiguous and has no shell. Now, that does not mean a set, it does not mean that it should have a certain overall shape. For example, here I have drawn it almost like an ellipse. A set could have a shape like this also, some strange shape like this. And if I exclude the shell around this, that would be an open set. As an example, take the ball itself, the ball itself, the ball of radius r around x, that itself is an open set. Because every point I take inside the ball, I can find an even smaller ball that lies completely inside this particular ball. And I can keep doing this. Now, complimentary definition to this is that of a closed set. A set is set to be closed if it is compliment, a set is set to be closed if it is compliment. So, the way you should think of the closed set is precisely this. It is basically you look at everything that is not in this set and check if that is an open set. Then the set that you started with is a closed set. A set is set to be compact. Now, here remember I am talking of sets in Rn. There is a much more general definition outside of Rn. But for Rn, this is equivalent to all definitions. A set is said to be compact. So, let me be more precise. Here a set in Rn is said to be compact if it is closed. So, a set is, so this sort of, so a compact set is a set that can be enclosed within some large ball. And it has, it is such that its compliment is open. The compliment is open means the compliment does not have a shell. If the compliment does not have a shell, that means the set itself has the shell. Now, the set need not, can be neither closed nor open. These are not the only categories of set. Of course, it can be neither closed nor open. Say for example, but whether a set is open or closed depends on thus the ambient dimension in which we are looking at, looking at the set. So, when I am in the definition of an open set, I am looking for, I am asking that there should be around every point x, there should be a ball of radius R. There should be an R such that this ball, the ball Bx, R belongs to the set. Now, this B of x, R is a ball defined in Rn. So, the set is asking for a ball in Rn to be fit inside the set. So, I will give you an example. For instance, let us look at R2 and look at this square excluding its boundary, excluding the boundary. This shell is not included. Then is this an open set? This is an open set. No problem. Around every point I can find a ball that lies completely in the set. Now, let us look at R2 itself and look at this segment here. Says it starts, which lies along the horizontal axis, starts from some point A and ends at some point B. I have and let us suppose this is an open segment, you can draw this better. So, it starts from some point A ends at some point B, but A and B are themselves not included. Now, is this set an open set? So, what is the definition of open set in demand?  But two-dimensional balls will always spill outside the set. So, as a subset of R2, so if I express this set using two coordinates and coordinate for the horizontal axis as well as one for the vertical axis, then as a subset of R2, this set is not open. However, geometrically the same same object can be immersed also in R1 and the entire set can be expressed using only one coordinate. In that case, if I then that case, the picture looks different, then I do not have two dimensions, I am only in one dimension and I am looking at something like this, A and B excluded. And now around every point, what I need to fit is one-dimensional ball. A one-dimensional ball is simply an open segment and a one-dimensional ball can be always accommodated around every point. So, whether a set is open or not depends on what ambient space you have immersed it in, the technical word is what ambient space you have embedded it in. So, it depends on the ambient. Being open or closed again has no relation to how many pieces the set is made of. For example, I can take an open ball like this and another open ball and their union is this and this. Let S be the union of these two, this region and this region together. If I take this as my definition of my set, this is an open set.  So, this actually brings me to another point which is what sort of operations preserve openness and closeness. So, if you take the union, union of any number of open sets is open. You take any collection of open sets, take their union that the resulting set is always open. So, by negation of this or by complementation, you also get that the intersection of any number of closed sets is closed. The intersection of finitely many open sets is open and union of finitely many closed sets is closed. So, can someone tell me is the intersection of any number of compact sets compact. So, the intersection of any collection of sets, let us take this as one set S1, take another set S2. The intersection of these two is the common region between. So, if I take the intersection of any number of sets, it is the common area that belongs to all of them. If I have another set S3 here and another set S4, S4 like this, etc. I can put together many of these sets. The common area that belongs to all of them. So, here in this case, the common area is turning out to be I think just this red region here. So, the common area of all of them is the intersection. So, what is the claim made here? Here is that the intersection of any number of closed sets is closed. Is the intersection of two bounded sets bounded or any number of bounded sets bounded? Why is it bounded? It is part of any one of them for sure. It is part of each of them. Since each of them is bounded, that intersection is also going to be bounded. So, you are looking at this tiny region which belongs to all of them. So, to claim that this tiny region can be put inside a ball, all I need to say is that any one of them can be put inside the ball, which is what I have been told anyway. So, intersection of any number of compact sets will be bounded. And this statement here was telling you that intersection of any number of closed sets is closed. A closed sets are already, so compact sets are already closed. So, the intersection is also going to be closed and we know that the intersection is going to be bounded. So, the intersection is compact. So, intersection number of compact sets is the intersection of finitely many open sets is open. So, when you take, if you take S1 and S2 as open sets in this particular figure, I have S3 and S4 here also. So, let me just draw this separately. So, here is your S1, here is S2. S1 and S2 have both, in both in their definitions, I have excluded the shell around. So, even in the, even in the intersection, the shell, these shells are not present. So, so let us, let us, so the question here is, why is the intersection of infinitely many open sets not open? So, let me look, let us look at the, so let me write it here. Why is the intersection infinitely many open sets? Technically, we should say not necessarily open, not necessarily open. Why is it so, so can we give an example? So, let us, let us look at, let us look at this example in the real line itself, here is my, here is 0, here is minus 1 by n, here is plus 1 by n. I look at this interval that starts from minus 1 by n to plus 1 by n excluding the endpoint. This is an open interval, it is an open set in R, all right. Now, so I define Sn as this, minus 1 by n plus 1 by n. Now, what is the intersection of all these essence in starting from say 1 and going up till infinity. The intersection of all of these is, has only one element in it, which is, which is the point 0, right. So, the intersection of all of these is, is this set, it is a singleton set having, and this set is not open, because any ball around 0 will have points that are positive as well as negative, not just 0, any ball of positive radius. This is, all of these were open. Let me ask you another question, again about compact sets. So, we saw, we saw intersection of any number of compact sets is compact. What about the union of finitely many compact sets? Union of finitely many compact sets, each, each compact set is, is both closed and bounded. So, they are, all of them are individually closed. Union of, they are finitely many of them. Union of finitely many of closed set is a closed set. So, their union is closed, thanks to, thanks to this statement. So, the union is definitely closed. Now, is the union bounded, right? Now, why is the union bounded? Let us look again, look, look at this geometrically. Suppose, here are my axis, here is one set I have S1, here is some other set S2, here is a third set S3, here is a fourth set S4. We are looking at the union of all of these, right? So, what is the region I am looking at? The region is this, use a different color. The region is everything that is there in S3 and also S4 and also S2 and also S1. This is my set. Now, is this bounded? Each of them were individually bounded, right? So, S1 could be fit inside a big ball of radius r, r1 suppose. S2 could be fit inside a ball of radius r2, S3 could fit inside a ball of radius r3, S4 could fit inside a ball of radius r4, right? So, each Si can be fit inside a ball of radius centered at the origin and of radius ri, suppose, right? Now, if all, now all of them collectively can be put inside the largest of such balls, of these balls. So, these are r1, r2, r3, r4, they are concentric balls, they take the largest of them, maybe make the ball a little bit larger and that will definitely fit all of them, right? So, the union Si is certainly contained in the maximum of this, just to be safe if you want to add a 1, you can add a 1, right? The union of all of these are contained in all. So, the union of, and this maximum here is a maximum of a few real numbers, it is a maximum of some finitely many real numbers, whatever it will be a finite number, right? So, consequently, this ball is also of finite radius. So, the union is, we just checked is closed and by this argument, the union is now also bounded. So, the union is both closed and bounded. So, consequently, the union of finitely many compact sets, union of finitely many compact sets is compact.


Cities have well over half the world's population and three quarters of the world's economic activity. How that population lives will drive many of its sustainability issues globally. It's really critical to focus on the role of cities to reduce emissions. Making cities resilient to the climate change that is underway and that is already exacerbating dangers. Really important to plan well for the future and to do that planning well, you need proper climate projections and you know what you're dealing with. Further research on the city's perspective within the larger climate picture is absolutely essential. The real focus on research has to be working together with scientists, policymakers, innovators to find means for driving transformation. People need to be empowered by the knowledge that we can do things to prevent the worst consequences. So we need much more emphasis on what's due and then I think people will demand action. I believe cities is the place for the positive change because cities work closely with the stakeholders, with the people on the ground. Of course local governments are key leaders to reach out to the citizens so they have enormous potential to move ourselves into the next era of sustainable development. The choices we as an individual have is constrained by the infrastructure we live with. It is important policymakers, elementary, low-carbon infrastructure for the future. We need to get practical. We need to show the advantages to the citizens of using energy in a different manner. We need to change the way that we value things. A model of collaboration between cities is one where you can see an overall plan for the world emerging to solve big problems like climate change. These sorts of conferences allow us to build those networks of people, network of knowledge, network of institutions to build a world resilient and with clean energy. The core of this is clear, both moving to renewable energy and to electrification of transport industry. Heating in buildings is at the essence of decarbonisation. The measures that we need to take to tackle climate change will make a much better world, a much happier world, a much stronger economy, a much more sustained development of human welfare. We'll have better lives if we make these investments. The future city can be clean, green, fair, inclusive, healthful and should be.


As Republicans continue to screech about how Big Tech platforms like Facebook are censoring conservative voices while they simultaneously dominate these platforms on a daily basis, they themselves have taken a liking to cancel culture as of late. And saying as of late isn't necessarily correct because let's be honest, conservatives have always been the censorious cancel culture lovers that they claim that the left is today. They've always been the ones to clutch their pearls if film or music or books are a little bit too risque or don't, you know, line up with their political and ideological views. So this new bookbending spree that they're going on as of late, it started back in twenty twenty one around the same time that a critical race theory became a phenomenon in this country. Now, that issue is a manufactured issue that was pushed on the mainstream by Christopher Rufo, who is a Republican Party operative. And since that kind of took ground in the United States, they then subsequently started to try to ban lots and lots of books and that has continued till this day. So let's go back to this NPR report from November of last year. It says in the latest call from a Republican leaders to ban certain books in schools, South Carolina Governor Henry McMaster is telling his state's Department of Education to investigate a graphic novel on queer identity being available at a school's library. He says the content in the book is sexually explicit and pornographic. The book, Gender Queer, a memoir by Maya Kabab is recommended for grades 10 and up by its publisher and tells an autobiographical story of a person who is grappling with their gender and sexual identity. In Texas, Governor Greg Abbott sent a letter to the state's School Board Association saying public schools shouldn't have pornographic or obscene material. He did not provide any specific examples of content. But Texas State Representative Jeff Kasen called on the state's Attorney General to investigate sexually explicit material in schools, including Gender Queer. Another Texas lawmaker running for Attorney General identified a list of eight hundred fifty books that he says should be questioned. Many of those books are written by women, people of color and LGBTQ authors. Several other states, including Virginia, North Carolina, Maine and Missouri, have also targeted certain books available in schools, often telling stories of young people of color and narratives that include U.S. history of segregation and racism. Now, fast forward to 2022 and they are ramping up this effort, especially in states like Texas. So NBC News reports records requests to nearly one hundred school districts in the Houston, Dallas, San Antonio and Austin regions. A small sampling of the state's twelve hundred fifty public school systems revealed seventy five formal requests by parents or community members to ban books from libraries during the first four months of this school year. In comparison, only one library book challenge was filed at those districts during the same time period a year earlier record show. A handful of the districts reported more challenges this year than in the past two decades combined. So keep in mind that these are the same folks who claim that cancel culture is bad. These are the ones who scream about a gender neutral branding for Mr. Potato Head and Cat in the Hat getting canceled after the actual company who publishes these books themselves decided to retract a couple of books. But they were just screeching about that. But what are they doing? We see almost a nationwide effort in different states controlled by Republicans to get a ton of books banned.   You've already developed that in many cases and you're you're questioning your gender identity. So to have this book there for children who could use this as a valuable resource. I mean, it's just it's unnecessarily cruel. They're taking away books that talk about racism. This is all part of their effort to combat critical race theory, i.e. history, anything that portrays the United States in a negative light. That's bad. We've got to get rid of it. I want to censor it. So who's the real sensorians? Who's the real cancel culture people? And see, the thing about censorship is that eventually it always ends up backfiring. And that's specifically what happened when a Tennessee school board went a little bit too far in banning a book called Mouse, which is a book about the Holocaust. As Slate reports, a Tennessee school board recently voted to pull the Pulitzer Prize-winning graphic novel, Mouse and its cat and mouse retelling of the Holocaust from the school curriculum. The school board members cited violence, nudity in humanoid mouse caricatures and profanity as the reasons. One member, Tony Almond, said it shows people hanging. It shows them killing kids. Why does the educational system promote this kind of stuff? Why do they promote this sort of stuff? We're talking about the Holocaust. Do you not think that kids should learn about the Holocaust? How do you want them to portray the Holocaust in a rosy manner? I just I don't know what they want. They just want to erase history. That's what they want to do.   It's not going to have any clothes. Oh, no, let's let's clutch our pearls because the mice are naked.  They are deluded. But guess what? They always have been. And thankfully, this censorship actually backfired on them because guess what happened after this book was pulled? It subsequently became one of the best selling books in the country. So the backlash to their censorship actually blew up in their faces finally. And will they learn their lesson with respect to other books like genderqueer? I really don't know, but it's really nice to see them kind of reap what they sow, right?  Love it. Love to see it. So the question I have is, why are people who usually scream the loudest about cancel culture conspicuously silent when it comes to this issue? I mean, I see a lot of free speech advocates online, but they don't say anything about this. Oftentimes when we see efforts to suppress free speech with regard to BDS, the free speech defenders never say anything about this. And there's a reason for this. We are currently undergoing a cultural change where the GOP has managed to successfully recapture culture. This has kind of been their goal for a really long time. And they have successfully portrayed the left as the ones who are sensorious. Take political correctness, a really old term rebranded into critical race theory and make it seem as if really it's the left who are sensorious. Meanwhile, they're clutching their pearls at naked mice and trying to ban books in schools across the country. It's just, it's truly ironic, but most people won't even know that they're doing this because we're not talking about this in mainstream media. We're not talking about the far right devolving from proto-fascists to just outright fascists in many cases with regard to Marjorie Green and Lauren Boebert. We're not talking about this because we're too busy talking about the PC police on the left and the far left. This is why things in this country are so bad currently because the Republican Party has shifted so far to the right and everyone else is buying into the narratives that are being pushed by people who are paying lots and lots of money to push these narratives. So it is the GOP who always has been the sensorians. That's not to say that the left doesn't ever get a little bit too sensorious sometimes. I disagree with some efforts to de-platform certain folks and whatnot, but disproportionately, the censorship has always come from the right and evangelicals, they're the pearl clutches. So don't let them try to twist the narrative and reframe this entire situation. They've always been the sensorians and this effort to ban books is awful and we should be pushing back against this vehemently so.