And we discuss reading, writing and everything in between and beyond. I'm your host, Dr. Rita Forsythe, coming to you from Maui on the ThinkSec live streaming network, broadcasting from our studio in downtown Honolulu. Today we're talking to Maui's premier storyteller, performer, freelance writer and radio and television personality, Kathy Collins, welcome Kathy. Thank you, Rita. Mahalo for having me. It's a pleasure.  Can you tell us about that? Okay, well, I am my son's third generation Japanese. My mother's parents came to Hawaii from Hiroshima and my father's parents came from Okinawa. So I always tell people I'm Japanese Okinawan and I really identify more with the Okinawan culture, I think, just because it just seems a little more lively. And so, like most Japanese American kids, my generation, I went to Japanese school after public school every afternoon and learned the Japanese language, reading, writing and also the folk tales. So the very first book that I remember owning was called Japanese Children's Favorite Stories and being an only child, I, that was my constant companion, this wonderful book with the very quaint illustrations. My dad taught me to read when I was two years old. I'm an only child. And all through my childhood, my father used to say, the greatest gifts, the two greatest gifts that he could give me, that any parent could give a child, was number one, teaching them to read, number two, learning to appreciate music. And that is what he did for me. He taught me to read and they never, never scripted on providing me with reading material. My dad was a dentist and before I started school, I would go with him to his office and I'd read, I'd devour all the magazines in his waiting room. The same thing with music. Once I was, I was given the opportunity to join band in fifth grade. If it had to do with music, my parents bought it for me. So I had, I had my clarinet, I had an oboe, I had guitars and a drum set. I really believed that reading and music were the greatest gifts because once I received them, they could never be taken away from me.  And then he was right. Especially as an only child, you know, like books, books, books is the name of your show and that's pretty much what my early life was like books, books, books. Yeah, me too. We spent a lot of time in the library and always would get our max out the 40 books per person. So one of the stories in that book that you were talking about, I believe is don't know if I'm saying this right. And isn't that translated to the inch high samurai. Yeah, little one inch is, is the one thing translated as well. Tell us more about that and perform that for us if you don't mind. I would love to I should say that, along with reading, I, as an only child and then my very much indulge by my parents I used to, I would write plays and stories and perform them for them in the living room. In my school, I became really active in speech and drama competitions, and, and that's really how I got my start with the being a storyteller and the radio personality but we'll get to that later. Soon Boshi is one of my favorite stories to tell. It was my favorite when I was a child, but I often tell it in my alter ego. Because data only speaks in pigeon, and, and I'm, I'm passionate about pigeon, I consider it the unofficial language of Hawaii, and the true language of Aloha, and so hopefully all of our viewers are fluent in pigeon. If not, not to worry, I've done, he soon Boshi in Canada in at the Lincoln Center out of doors festival, and nobody there spoke pigeon as their native language, but they all understood it so I'm pretty sure you'll get the drip but. So here we go, he soon Boshi in the words of Tira. I like tell you a story about one guy named he soon Boshi, you guys ever heard of he soon Boshi. I know plenty of people never did and you know why the name is soon Boshi means little one inch. So if you use one Japanese boy and your name was little one inch you know can spread that around now. But in Japan, this guy is famous. Yeah. Okay, let me tell you the whole story see long long long long long long long long time ago in Japan had this old man and this old lady, they was married, there was a nice couple to you know all their life they work hard. They cook for their neighbors, they love each other. There was good guys, yeah. Life was perfect for them, except for one thing. They never had no cakey.  Now you year after year go by no more baby every night. Yeah, when they go bed, they pray to their gods. Oh please send us a baby that we can love and and cherish and nourish. Yeah. Yeah, after year no more baby probably because all they do nighttime is pray. Yeah, but anyway, so one day. I mean it was out in her backyard. Yeah, in her daikon patch pulling weeds. Yeah. And then she spoke something bright red inside the daikon patch.  So excited she run inside the house, and she show her husband to go. Oh, look, our prayer is answered. And her husband tell warm but it's so small. Yeah, that's all right. We shall feed him. We shall take care of him. We shall teach him. We're gonna do we're gonna notice him and cherish him. And one day he gonna grow up to be big and strong. But for now, we call him is soon bossy. And from that day on, yeah, is soon bossy's mother and father they took such good care of him is some bossy's mother. She take her nicest kimono and she snip off small little pieces of material and she saw up shirt and pants for is soon bossy.  And every year is soon bossy grow more strong. Every year is soon bossy grow more smart. But he never did grow more big 16 years old one inch tall. But on the day he turned 16 he went to his parents and he said mama son, Papa son, you've been so good to me. You take care of me like I your very own fresh and brand, even though I come from the Daikon patch. Now, my turn.  I shall go out in the world I seek my fortune. I come back and and take care you so you don't need to work no more in your whole life.  She take her sharpest needle from her sewing kit, and she give them to is soon bossy for him use as one saw or protect himself. His mother get his favorite chow on his rice ball. Give them to is soon bossy for him use like one boat.  Needle saw and he get to the edge of the river. Jump inside his chow on both.  No can be fish a man because the fish would eat him yeah. No can be rice farmer he would drown in the rice paddies yeah. What you gonna do home man. And then he was on his last spam musubi when he got the bright idea. I shall be Samurai because I already have a sword. So is soon bossy decide he gonna find the show goons castle. He gonna offer his services to the show goon. He gonna be the number one Ichiban Samurai in all Japan. And you know couple three days later floating down the river. He seen him the show goons castle high on the mountain side. Who he push his chow on both side he jump out and he start walking up up up up up up well to come long time because you know your legs only have inch long take long time for combat distance but he's so much in no give up. Finally he's standing right in front the wooden doors of the show goons castle, and he call out. And he called out, hello, hello. The show was made. She here is calling. She opened up the door. Nobody there. She closed the door. She go back inside. It's the one she try again. She shout them all out, hello. Door open up and down here, down here. The maid look down, but all she sees is the guitar, you know, the high heel wooden slippers that the Japanese wear. Close the door, go back inside. So by now, the show going, hearing all this calm ocean, he wondering what going on? He come downstairs and he asked the maid, what's all this noise and the maid talk? I think your slippers that I come inside, they talking to me. The show going, oh, this lady put, put there already. He opened up the door and by now, he soon was she stay climb on top the guitar, pull out his needle, so waving him around so that he glisten in the sun. And he tell down here, I am he soon bossy, small in height, but still can fight. I wish to serve the show going. I wish to become number one Ichiban samurai. Well, the show going scene there.  So he call for his daughter, the princess, not a princess.  When she seen these little one inch boy waving his needle around, she like, oh, it's so cute. Oh, we can keep him, please, please. And the show going to tell if you wish, daughter, it's soon bossy from now on, you shall be my daughter's pet. I mean, the. Are they God? It's too much, you know, can believe it just meet the show going and already the show going trust him for be his daughter's body. God, right then and there. He swear he would give up his life for protect the princess. From that day on, he soon bossy and the princess was best friends everywhere, the princess go, he soon bossy riding on top of her shoulder. The princess throw out all her dolls and make room for he soon bossy in her doll house when she do her homework, he soon bossy help out when she practice playing Dakota, he soon bossy dance up to life best friends. So one day was one gorgeous day. He soon bossy and the princess went for one walk in the deep forest. Right below the show goons castle. Oh, the birds was singing. The sun was shining was one awesome day. And then all of a sudden from behind one big tree outjumped this only. Now, one only is one Japanese demon. They come in all kinds shapes and sizes and colors. This one was green like limo. And he had scales like one fish all over his body. The guy was like eight feet high with horns coming up from his big bowhead and no more teeth. Well, whatever teeth he had was rotten. Oh, the guy's smell, he's loud. He look at the princess and he tell what are you doing in my forest? And he soon bossy on top of the princess's shoulder, he tell your forest. No, no, this is a show goons forest. This is show goons daughter, the princess. And I am is soon bossy, small in height, but still can fight. I am princess of bodyguard and he jump down to the ground, standing front, the only the only trouble bodyguard.  I have a magic hammer. Pull out this big hammer, this mallet from his belt. And he go, I know he'd waste my hammer on you. He shoved the hammer back in his belt. He lift up one foot for smash is soon bossy. But he's soon bossy. He too fast. He jump on the only his other foot. He take his needle. So he can. But the only skin so tough with all the scales, you know, feel nothing. The only grab for the princess, the princess start running away. And he soon bossy start climbing up the only leg scale by scale. The princess running as fast as she can and hard, you know, running one kimono.  Good thing the only was so big and clumsy. He no could catch the princess as hard as he tried. She keep getting away from him. And he soon bossy just keep lining up and up the only leg until he reached the belt with a magic hammer hanging. He reached out and grabbed the hammer, but the thing too heavy fall to the ground. He soon bossy no give up. She keep on going up the scales of the only chest until he reached the shoulder. And then he yell inside the only is here. I and it's soon bossy small in height, but still can fight. The only here that he turned his head.  The only spit is some bossy out. He take off running out from the forest. Nobody ever seen him again. Well, he ran so fast. He forget his magic hammer on the ground. So the princess, she goes, she pick up the hammer. She's to shake off the dirt and the leaves. And every time she shake the hammer, he soon bossy grow one inch. Seventy five times she shake the hammer. He soon bossy end up six foot four. Good thing wasn't me because I would be like thirty three, thirty four. Not fair, but it would be three feet high. But the princess, good Japanese girl. She just keeps shaking the hammer. He soon bossy turned into one tall, handsome samurai. And the two of them, they go back to the castle and the princess tell her father all what he soon bossy when do how brave and loyal he was. Yeah. And the show going to be soon bossy. You truly are my number one. Ichiban samurai, whatever you wish is yours. He soon bossy, oh, I don't need nothing for me. But if my mama son and papa son could come and and live in castle and no work anymore, I'd be so grateful. The show going to take her good boy. This would make good son in law one day. He send his servants out to the countryside. They find he soon bossy's parents, bring them back to the castle. Couple, three years after that, he soon bossy and the princess get married. And all then they happy ever after. So, you know, it is the moral of this story. Size no matter so long as you get magic inside your hammer. This is one true story, honest promise. Oh, wonderful. Oh, my gosh, it was so entertaining.  I can really see how I and you're writing a children's play. Yeah, I mean, I can see how you can be so entertaining. Now tell us about MAPPA, Maui Academy of Performing Arts. MAPPA Academy of Performing Arts has been around for decades and for the last oh, 25, almost 30 years, each school year MAPPA the Academy presents an educational play for children and it tours through all of the preschools and the public elementary school and private elementary schools on the island and pre pandemic. I was fortunate to be commissioned for three years in a row to write, write a story, which always has to have a lesson or a moral. And and then I get to perform it along with a cast. Usually we have two to three actors and a musician. We have live music with the performance and and we tour the schools for four months every Thursday and Friday up to three performances. That's me as Manu Ipilao, the minor bird that that's from the play Birds of a Feather, in which the minor bird, the peacock and the chicken all compete to become the next state bird because the Nene has decided to retire. And so it's a it's a really fun story. Oh, and that one was the first play I did for MAPPA. It was a retelling of the fisherman and his wife, the Grimm's fairytale, but Maui style. And so there I am as the magic Uluwa who grants the poor fishermen his wishes. And that was great fun. That was a really interactive show with the kids. They had to be the ocean and they had to respond. And I really enjoy doing those shows for MAPPA. I am on the board of directors of MAPPA and have been fortunate also to perform in several of their larger productions, the most recent and the one of which I'm most proud is called Ahirap. Ten years ago, two local playwright actors, Derek Nakagawa and Francis Taua, were commissioned to write this story along the lines of Greater Tuna, which is a comedy with two men playing all of the roles. And that is that we use the same device and it was called Lesser Ahi. They did a sequel the next year called Pressure Ahi and they invited me to join them. So the three of us played 16 roles altogether. And then for various reasons, it was supposed to be a trilogy. We never got to do it until just this past year. So there I am as Jody, whose real name is Joseph K. Aloha, the drag queen or gender illusionist. Derek and Francis are there playing their female roles. There I am as the villainous, the only villain in the whole trilogy. Ilona, who's trying to seduce the patriarch of the family. They were high school sweethearts. Oh, that was I love playing. Jeanette, who is, as you can see, she's really into anime and Hello Kitty and all of that. And and so in love with Jesse, the stoner who's flexing over there. And Uncle Chin, a delightful old couple. He's kind of hard of hearing and he mumbles a lot. And then she she's kind of a dragon lady, but they do love each other and they're also one. Well, I guess they're all my favorite characters, but I think my absolute favorite and it's not fair. Maybe you'll come up, but Roland Bang Bang Macadreng. There he is. There they are. You don't want to be an MMA fighter and I have so much fun playing him. You see the Aquaman shirt that he's wearing. Bang Bang says, yeah, it would be Jason no more. It wasn't for me. I thought of everything he know. Oh, man, I wish I had another half hour to talk to you. Well, you know what? I do want to encourage everybody to go if that with a, you know, that kind of piqued your curiosity. Ah, he rap in two parts is now available online streaming. You pay what you can or will or wish. Go to Mauiacademy.org. That's the Maui Academy of Performing Arts, Mauiacademy.org. And there will be a link to stream the the productions online. Thank you so much to get that plug in. Yeah, good, good. You know, and I wanted to talk about how you open for Rita Redder and Howie Mandel and how you write comedy and all of your lips. So we'll have to have you back. We'll just have to do it again. I'm sorry. It took so much time with Isu Moshi, but that is my favorite. And I get to see you on Friday because town parties are coming back. Yes, I am hosting Kihei Fourth Friday after over two years. Oh, we are so excited here in Kihei. No, oh, that's all the time we have today. I better get going. I want to thank Kavi and our broadcast engineer, our floor manager and J. Fidel, our executive producer, a special mahalo to our underwriters. And thank you for joining us. Books, books, books will be back in two weeks until then. Read, write and create your world. Thank you so much for watching Think Tech Hawaii. If you like what we do, please like us and click the subscribe button on YouTube and the follow button on Vimeo. You can also follow us on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn and donate to us at thinktechawaii.com mahalo.


While others are just starting to get out of bed, soldiers from the 3rd Squadron and 2nd Calvary Regiment have already started preparing for the day's events. They're at the range to hone their skills and train the Afghan National Army on machine guns and mortars. Today we did a range with the A&A. I taught them how to do the hand-held mortar system, 60mm, and we just showed them how to fire the round, how to properly use it, and how to make adjustments of their fire. For some of the Afghan soldiers, this was their first time firing a mortar, or even seeing one up close. At first they were very nervous. I had to walk them through the steps in safety and constantly do it until they felt comfortable and confident in what they were doing. With nerves settled and confidence boosted, the Afghans are ready to practice what they've learned. They did well. When I tell them what the scenario was and what they're engaging, they knew exactly what fuse setting to use. They listened to the commands from their gunner from just simply hanging the fire and dropping it and putting it back on safety and just being steady with the gun overall and being calm. I think having them going through the procedures over and over and having them actually go through a live range and just building that muscle memory. I think that when they do go out there and get in contact, they'll know what to do. They'll refer back to the training and their muscle memory. And it's training like this that may save their life or their fellow Afghan brothers' lives on the battlefield. Reporting from Kandahar Province, Afghanistan, I'm Army Sergeant Carl Greenwell.


Take a hungry person and add a person who's doing physical activity all the time. Recipe for disaster. Keep watching to find out what I'm talking about. My name is Kyla DeNio and welcome to Kyla's Reading Day. Today we are talking about a book that I was not expecting and it really was an interesting read but we'll get into it. Let me not jump too far ahead. So the book was called The Turnout and as you know I choose all of my books by the covers. I saw this cover. I didn't really know what to expect but I was like okay it caught my eye. It looks interesting. Let's read that. The author of the book is Megan Abbott. The genre of the book is fiction and the theme of the book is suspense thriller. Now I will say this. This was basically a psychological thriller and I would almost even like I wish that the library had a different category for gaslighting because it's a very special kind of suspense and thrilling which like gets down into my bones and I'm like you just get that icky feeling because you're like did that happen? Did it not happen? Like gaslighting is so scary. That's happening in this book. There's a lot of repressed emotions and feelings going on so it was definitely a psychological thriller. So a big plot twist to the book was when you find out that Derek has a relationship with the sister. He's a secondary character. He's dating one of the sisters and they both are running a ballet studio and so I hated Derek. I absolutely hated him. I mean like Joffrey from Game of Thrones hated him and it was interesting how Derek kind of got the sisters and the husband to bond together but I really just did not... Oh I did not like Derek at all. And why was this plot twist important to me? It was really important because you're learning about the siblings.  Surprise! They're preparing for the Nutcracker performance. So there's nothing on the front of the book that shows you a Nutcracker that looks like snub looks like winter anything. So that was a really big surprise for me because I'm a huge fan of the Nutcracker. Like right here I got a little Nutcracker. I love Nutcrackers. So I understand why they don't have any of that holiday cheer and all that stuff on the cover of the book. They probably don't want it to be lumped into being a seasonal read. However it was really surprising to find out that they were preparing for the Nutcracker. I've been to the ballet. I love to watch the dancers and hear the music and all of it. I've never considered what was happening in the lives behind the people who are running the show, behind the dancers, behind all of it. So that was really important to me because ballerinas, date, they get married, they do all the stuff that regular people do. And this ballerina happened to date someone named Derrick who I despise. So yeah, so really interesting read. Not a book that I would reread. Not at all. I can say I almost put the book down a couple times because I was I was trying to track where the book was going. I wasn't sure and the ending of the book was really really surprising to me. And so yeah, definitely not a book that I need to reread. In fact, I hope that Megan Abbott just has an incredible imagination and this did not happen to anyone that she knows or if you read the book you'll understand. But yeah, not a book that I need to reread. So thank you for watching.  Please leave me a comment. Let me know if you have seen the Nutcracker. Let me know if you've ever thought about being a ballerina. If you used to dance, all those things. And let me know if you've read any books by the author Megan Abbott. I love to hear from you. I always like to respond to comments and just talk to the people who are watching the videos. I appreciate you watching and I will see you next week on Kyla's Reading Day.


Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Chairman, your excellencies, distinguished delegates, dear colleagues, and friends, ladies and gentlemen, I'm very honored that you have unanimously reelected me as the secret general of the ITU for 2019 to 2022. I sincerely thank all of you for your confidence in me. At this happy moment, I especially want to express my gratitude, profound gratitude, to the government of China for their nomination of my candidature, to thank Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, and in particular Vice Minister Chen Zhaosheng and the Chinese delegation for their tireless and effective efforts to support and to promote my candidature. I would like to thank all delegates, experts, and friends of ITU members and ITU partners, and to thank the ITU staff for their invaluable trust and the support shown to me. The last but not least, I want to thank my dear wife, Ehua Jiang, who has always assisted me. Mr. Chairman, over the last two decades, modern telecommunication and ICT and related services have developed rapidly everywhere, with the remarkable result of having more than 7 billion mobile phone subscriptions and nearly 4 billion internet connections at present. However, there is always a request for better service and a better technology, and there are still many challenges and difficulties in connecting all human beings on the planet and ensuring equal benefits of these services for every individual. There are a lot of things to be done. ITU has computed to the work of ICT development in the past, and the world needs ITU to continue to work. I will do my best to work closely with our members to further strengthen our cooperation with our partners and friends. To further improve our transparency and efficiency to create a better environment for ITU staff to enjoy. In short, I would like to strive for a better and stronger ITU in delivering services to the global telecommunication and information society at the level of excellence. I thank you very much.


This is Melissa Arma with the Stock Swoosh and reviewing the Memorial Day specials for you. Lots of things going on this month. Anyways, if you'd like more information, you can follow me on Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, or Skype or call me at 929-3200 GAP. Follow me up on any one of these pages. I've got lots of videos on YouTube and if you'd like more information, you can email me at Melissa at thestockswoosh.com. It's fleet week here in New York City. 2019 a great time to be alive. The weather this weekend is going to be amazing. So far, it's been great this week. Sunny skies and a great week for fleet week. It's a fun time, a Memorial Day weekend. So happy Memorial Day to everyone. It's been really a very solid month and the stocks will show live trading room May and it's summer's beginning. I mean everything feels like it's just working out so beautifully into this period and typically you say, well summer could be a slow trading time. No, no, no, no, no. Not if you do gaps. Not if you do what I do. Look for more volatility in the market this summer. More so than ever. More than we had in the first four months of the year.  So if you're thinking about trading and we want to do this, it's a great time to start. One, the market's been very volatile. Two, also, you know, when you start to trade at this point in the year, you can still make a lot of headway. You've got plenty of time left into the year. It's only May. And you can make some real headway in your trading and your finances. And if you're thinking about doing this full time, you're going to get an idea about whether or not you want to do it and can do it and the money that you can make by the end of the summer. So it's a great time to start and get going. I say make money doing it all. Swing trades, option trades, day trades. Everything uses my golden gap system. That's the only thing that I focus on, okay? So if you come to me and you want to learn from me, everything, the options newsletter, the day trade room, all of it is based on my gap ratings strategy. And it's the strategy that I teach in the golden gap course, okay? So it's a rating system and you will learn how to rate the gap, okay? So I rate the gap every morning before I do anything at all. Sometimes I'll call the options in the morning pre-market, but you can't take them until after the open. The day trades we do on the open, okay? But I'm doing the rating in the pre-market. Now, this was a trade back from a couple of weeks ago in Boeing. This stock, actually, I haven't looked at the stock in the last day or two, this stock fell, fell here, called a put. 342.50 puts expiring 517, boom, dropped like a brick. Cost was $4.50, which again, if you would wanted to do one contract, it would have cost you 450 bucks. And you would have made it, you could have made, okay? 637 bucks. So that's a really, really good trade. So you don't have to take big size. 15 contracts would have cost you 6,750, but either way, to buy a 450 and sell it for 875, your profit is what? 94% return on investment, whether you take one contract or 15 contracts. So profit was $6,375, time and trade one day, one day, okay? Very nice short move. So doing gaps is what you would learn from me. How to make money, how to make money trading momentum, okay? It is all about freedom, freedom for yourself and its financial freedom, where you work for yourself, you determine how much money you want to make, you work from home. There's so much independence of freedom comes with that. And this is a great time of the year to go and think about that, think about whether you're happy with the money you're making this year, if you're trading, doing something doesn't work, thinking about doing something different, learning a new strategy. And if you have a career you don't enjoy, thinking about changing the career that you have and becoming a full-time trader. Which really is not full-time hours, to be honest with you. So let's talk about the Memorial Day specials. Gap Options newsletter through 831.19 for $1,999. That's a great deal because the letter is normally an annual product for $49.99. Gap Options newsletter through 1231.19, $39.99. Another great deal because again, it's normally an annual product for $49.99 a year, okay? And that's a long time actually. This is a great offer here because you get basically seven months worth of trades till the end of 2019. That is a long time to get many of my trades. I had a person that signed up two days ago. She's already paid for half the class in two days with the trades I've called the last two days. So to have all that time in the letter for $39.99 is huge. And hopefully you'd sign up and do the class at some point in that, in between that period because it will help you trade better. And many people have made money with the newsletter and then signed up for the class. Stocks will show by trading room through 831.19 is $1,000. This is for Golden Gap students only, okay? Only. So you have to be a student to sign up for this offer, but it's a great offer, okay? And the Golden Gap course, if you have not done it and you're thinking about doing it, this is a great way to start the rest of the summer. Options newsletter and trading room free with the Golden Gap class in June. So June 8th and 9th is the class. You just pay the price of the class and you're going to get the trade calls and all the trade calls for free until 831.19. So this sale ends May 28th. Email me and Melissa at thestockswish.com if you want to sign up. I say learn it all, do it, learn what to do, and get good, okay? So how are you going to do that? Learning my method, alerting my system in the Golden Gap course. So the class is June 8th and 9th, 9 to 5 Eastern Time. Class of the class is $59.99. Class is online. You can be anywhere in the world and take it. Email me if you want to sign up. Remember, these specials are only running for the day after Memorial Day. So through May 28th. So you sign up for the June class by the 28th. You get the options newsletter and trading room free through the end of the summer. This is a great deal. It will help you. I've had so much success with people and I'm very very proud of the way people are doing well and and you know things are going well. So I'm going to continue to stay focused and call the great calls that I've been calling. Email me if you're interested in signing up. Have a happy and safe Memorial Day weekend everyone.


We're living in a time where we really could, everyone in this room, live to be over a hundred years old. We could be thriving on this planet. We could have health and wellness. We could have sustainable food for all for the first time in human history. But as we've heard a lot about today, the ecological resources that we depend on are on the verge of collapse. And the dominant story is that the world's population is going to grow to 9 billion by mid-century, putting substantial demands on the planet's food supply. So we've got a double production. We've got to increase yields. And we've got to throw every tool in the box that we've got at that, and it's a race, more food. But this story is based on false assumptions because actually changing diets, not population growth, is the dominant driver of food demand that's putting pressure on our food systems and our environmental systems. So if two billion people come to join us here and they stay eating their traditional diets, that's not such a problem. Three to four billion people increasingly eating foods that are the most resource-intensive is putting tremendous pressure on our food and environmental systems. So why is it that we don't rally every entrepreneur and advocate and inventor and investor to address consumption? To address designing a food system that is designed to produce foods that nourish us and foods that make us thrive. It's time for a new story of food. And I want us to ask the question, how can we nourish all of humanity adequately, equitably and sustainably? And that largely depends on how we define this loosey-goosey mushy term of sustainable. And I actually have a proposal in the context of food of a definition and a framework that we might apply to looking at sustainable food. So if we like people, we want people to be fed, then I would suggest that a definition of sustainable food would be to nourish humanity while operating within planetary boundaries. So we heard a little bit today about the work at the Stockholm Resiliency Center to actually frame what are our planetary boundaries. So there are actual biophysical limitations. We can't infinitely increase more and more food forever. We can't just push out into our natural environments. There are biophysical boundaries. And there were some core areas that were identified, climate change, ocean acidification, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle, biodiversity loss, changes in land use, and water, fresh water. So in all of these areas, some of these, there is a safe operating space in which humanity can operate to live sustainably on this planet. But there are thresholds. If we cross them, then we change these systems into a state that we cannot reverse them within our lifetimes. So climate change, the two degrees that we hear about, is one of those tipping points. But we have the same for biodiversity loss and for nitrogen and for phosphorus and for certain other things. So in order to adequately, equitably and sustainably nourish everyone in the world, we have to design a food system that nourishes humanity and sits within these boundaries. And to do that, we're going to have to take a look at what we eat. And we're going to have to take a look at what's in the center of our plates. And that's meat. We're going to have to talk about meat consumption. And that is because these animal-sourced foods are so resource-intensive, and they push against each of these planetary boundaries. So we're hearing a lot about climate change right now. But I want to touch briefly, while I will talk about climate change, I want to talk about deforestation, water stress, water pollution, biodiversity loss, and also touch on food security. And meat is hard to talk about. It makes people really uncomfortable, especially environmentalists. And it's uncomfortable for me to talk about meat in New Zealand. But we have to acknowledge that we have different dietary philosophies and also acknowledge the role that meat plays in our lives and in our cultures and set that over here for a second while we take a look at the facts. So what Malthus didn't talk about was the other population bomb. And that's raising 70 billion animals to feed 7.2 billion people. So globally, livestock weigh twice as much as all humans and all large animals on earth combined. That's a tremendous amount of biomass. That's nature flowing through livestock and into humans. So livestock dominate human land use. They occupy a third of the ice-free surface of the earth, and that's 75% of our global agricultural land. We're talking about a lot. I think it's hard for us to imagine the scale, but we're talking about a lot of meat and milk and eggs. And imagine now doubling that, because that's what we're projecting. We're projecting that we're going to have to produce twice as much animal-sourced foods as we do today, because we're experiencing this meatification of global diets and eating these foods in higher quantities than we ever have before. So what are the consequences of that? Well, deforestation. 80% of the deforested Amazon land is used for pasture or to grow feed for livestock. So a lot of times we're thinking cows, but I think it's also really important to say that we're growing quite a lot of grain. Most of the soy going from Brazil now is going to China to feed China's pigs. So it's not just cows that are a consequence for deforestation. And then we don't only lose those beautiful forests that are carbon sponges, as we tend to think about them now in the climate change debate, but we lose all the beautiful life forms that are living in those areas. And so livestock production is a huge threat to biodiversity. 30% of biodiversity lost worldwide is directly attributable to livestock, although that number could be much higher. So this here is actually drawn to scale from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. The large bubble is all the ocean water on earth, all the water on earth. The next one is all the fresh water. And the smallest one is all the water available to us here on the planet, drinking water. So 70% of this global fresh water is dedicated to agriculture. And one hamburger takes almost 10 bathtubs of water to produce. So, you know, with 2.5 billion people who already live in areas subject to water stress, and by 2025 it's projected to be half of all humanity. Is this how we want to use our precious water resources? I think we need to start thinking about that. And that it's not, again, it's not just cows, because if you look here, plant-based proteins require significantly less water than every type of animal product. And it's not just about water depletion, but it's also about water pollution. And the livestock sector is the leading contributor to water pollution, and that comes largely from all the fertilizers that are applied to the grains, but also from the manures and washing down into the water systems. So there's 404 dead zones where no ocean life can live, and that number is doubling every decade since the 1960s. Phosphorus, so it's something we don't talk about very much, but it's a finite resource, we can't synthesize it like we do nitrogen, and it's predicted to peak in the 21st century. And 72% of our global phosphorus footprint comes from livestock foods. Climate change, as we learned today, agriculture and energy production are the two largest contributors to global warming, and animal agriculture contributes the lion's share of those emissions from agriculture. And 14.5%, it may not sound like much, but to put it in perspective, it's about equivalent to all the fuel that's burned to power the world's transportation. So think shipping of boats and planes and trains and cars. That's a tremendous amount of emissions. And it's also the largest single source of non-CO2 emissions, which if we do nothing are predicted to triple by 2055. So how do livestock contribute to climate change? We think a lot about cow farts, and it's a funny joke, and everyone talks about it a lot, and that's part of it. Definitely 40% of the problem is the inter-affirmation of ruminants. But actually we have to look all the way back from forest to fork, from the land that is cleared to create space for the livestock, fertilizers that are applied to the feed, the energy that's used through this whole system, the manure is going to be off-gassing, and the transport and processing afterwards, we hear a lot about local foods, but really just that's a very small emissions footprint relative to the emissions that come from the production of feed and from the inter-affirmation of the animals themselves. So if current global dietary trends continue, then emissions could be up to 80% greater by 2050. And that would occupy about 70% of our global emissions budget to keep us in line with our two-degree target. So this is not staying within planetary boundaries. And globally, public awareness is really low. We actually supported some global research, which is the largest ever public survey test people's awareness on meat consumption and climate change, and relative to all other drivers of climate change, awareness of this was very, very low. And also it's not on the global climate agenda. So we don't see our climate leaders and advocates talking about this. We don't see it included in our climate policies. So whereas there's a race to innovate around energy and transportation, there is no race to innovate around low emissions, animal-sourced foods, or race to figure out how to move our dependency on animal-based foods out of our diets when it's so urgent. But the research shows us that it's actually this incredible opportunity that we could actually cut the cost of mitigating climate change in half if we were to include the livestock sector. So this is a tremendous opportunity for those of us who care about dealing with climate change so quickly and swiftly and efficiently. But the cornucopia in Mantra still wins the game, and that world wants more meat and we must produce it. We absolutely must produce it. And so we're trying to do so as sustainably as possible and as efficiently as possible. And we have to be so careful here because the sustainability language gets used to promote things like feedlots. You can find yourself saying, how is this sustainable? This is a feedlot in Texas, not far from where my mother grew up, and there's about 15,000 of them in the U.S., and some of them have over 100,000 animals on them, and they're very efficient. They take very little land relative to all the space that cows take if they're left out of the grass, and I'll get actually a little bit more into that. But efficiency, this idea of efficiency, it's a model pig farm in Brazil. And I'm not showing this for animal cruelty, I'm just sharing that this is something that is celebrated that we can produce, take all the waste from these animals, and put it into an anaerobic digester and produce energy from it. So, you know, a lot of ag tech investment is going into biogas right now, and I think what a lot of people don't realize is that biogas depends on factory farming. And because you can't go capture all those emissions from the happy cows out in the fields, they have to be enclosed in an environment, and if they're enclosed in an environment, that means they're fed a lot of grain. And that grain takes a lot of space and produces a lot of emissions, as we learned as well, and takes a tremendous amount of water. And if the goal is to optimally nourish people sustainably, a grain-dependent livestock system is a major concern for food security. And it's not just an environmental problem, it's a global food justice problem, an environmental justice problem, and there's also a human health cost to producing all of this grain. So yes, because the human health cost of people living near factories that are suffering from the air and water quality, but also because grain takes these grain, producing it in this way requires a tremendous amount of pesticides. So the agrochemicals going on to this grain has a real human health impact. And there's also one of the greatest human health threats is that we are possibly looking towards a post-antibiotic era through antibiotic resistance. And a lot of our exposure to antibiotics is coming through the animal foods that we eat. 50 to 80% of all the antibiotics in the world are used on livestock that are raised in these intensive systems. But as I mentioned before, if we look here at the graph, the red bar all the way to the right is extensively raised, so it's grass-fed meat produced more emissions per gram of protein than an intensively raised cow. So when you're measuring it by emissions alone and per gram of protein, this is where that efficiency myth comes from. This is the data behind that story that factory farmers are able to tell how they're part of the sustainability solution. So efficiency, technical mitigation, what the data shows us is that even if we're to upgrade all the farms in the world to the most efficient technologies and if we were able to capture all the waste from those systems, we still could not meet our two-degree climate targets just by the increased demand for animal foods alone. So the only thing that gets us to that goal is an overall reduction in animal-sourced foods.  Like, I don't have to worry about this. We're going to grow all our meat in the lab. And even robots are going to do it, and they're going to 3D print it. That's going to be awesome. So I don't know what you're worried about. And I know a lot of the guys working on this stuff and it'd be fantastic. If people want to eat meat and you can produce it without passing it through an animal and people would like to eat that, I think that's okay for the environment. No, I mean, you know, from an environmental perspective it would be a great thing. But, you know, we're still about 20 years out from that. In the meantime, we just keep consuming. The other one is grass-fed meat. So, you know, livestock play a really important, there's a lot of permaculture in the room. They play such an important role in integrated farming systems. I mean, we domesticated our plants at the same time that we domesticated these animals. And the whole system is designed to work in tandem with one another, just like nature does. It's a relationship between plants and animals and humans. But we can't just all switch our consumption to grass-fed meat. 7.2 billion people cannot all eat grass-fed meat in the way that we can, you know, that people do today. And that's, yes, because it produces more methane. So that's a problem for climate change. And also because of the land area needed to produce animals in this way. If we were to shift towards a predominantly plant-based diet, the research shows we could liberate so much land. We could liberate billions of acres of pasture, some of which could be reforested, and some of which could be used to produce food directly for humans. In fact, it's estimated that we could feed an additional 4 billion people if we were to feed food directly to humans. And also, we could feed another billion people just on food waste. So my point is that we, you know, in trying to raise to produce more and more and more food, we're missing out on these incredible opportunities that we don't need new technology for. They're here today, and it's an opportunity that's available to us today. And we could feed people abundantly, but we do need to redefine abundance.  And, you know, if we start thinking of abundance in the sense of, you know, in the sense of what do we need to eat to be healthy and nourished and sustainably, we would grow very different foods. Because what we know is that eating mostly plants is what is beneficial for us to live long and healthy lives. There's a lot of debate about whether it's 100% or 10%, like at the margins of how much animal foods we need in our diet. There's a lot of debate there, but we do know that eating mostly plants is beneficial for us, and that's not the way most of us are eating today. So there's a tremendous amount of room. And by shifting towards a plant-based diet, we just, the lower we can go, the lower our food print from our food will be. And so the future of food is right for disruption. This comes from Bill Gates saying that only 8% of the world's plant proteins have been explored for human consumption. So imagine a whole diversity and variety of legumes and vegetables and seeds and bringing back a lot of the heirloom and native and traditional plant foods from all over the world. We haven't even begun to discover them because we have such a narrow idea of what we grow and what we can grow in large amounts. So the future of food could look like this beautiful, diverse, wide range of plant-based foods if we start thinking beyond just yields and we start thinking about people that are nourished per acre rather than how many calories we can get out of an acre. So the design challenge is to innovate around shifting consumption and innovate around distribution. It's not either science and technology or everybody's sacrifices for somebody else. It's yes and it's science and technology building us towards a future of abundant food for all. And there's a role for everyone. A role for governments and businesses and NGOs and the media. And there's a whole spectrum of activity and action happening in each one of these domains that I'll be happy to talk with anybody about and share afterwards. So in closing, through a transition to healthy and sustainable diets we can mitigate climate change swiftly, adapt to a climate impacted world, sequester emissions through liberating land and to transform our food system to one that values yields per acre to one that values people nourished per acre. Thank you.


Hey, Maxwell here back from apartment therapy with another maker tour today We're in Newark, New Jersey in the building of the Schiffman mattress company. It's been here since 1893 over a hundred years In the exact same building making mattresses the same same way was the mattress industry changing then in the 60s Yes, to some extent the start of the change most mattress companies used cotton They had a good end of spring some of them had eight-way hand-tied box springs two-sided Boxing so that was the industry at the time when I walked in here 30 years ago And I saw how they were making their product with the amount of cotton the quality of the cotton the hand-tuffing The box spring which was absolutely amazing Everything they did was better than Stearns of Forrester, which was in my mind the best product in the industry and six weeks later I own the company my son came into business nine years later six years after that. He became president of the company All right, so tell us where does a mattress begin its life? Well, the process begins where the cotton manufacturing is so we bring in very large bales of cotton 600 800 pound bales of cotton then the cotton goes on to a spring So the base part of a mattress starts with a spring Yeah, and then gets layered with cotton from there and then other materials So we put a lot more into a mattress than any other manufacturer What happens is you layer all those materials and then a tape-edge machine will actually sew the border to the top panel And that's how you close a mattress. That's when it starts to look like a mattress Okay, it goes to hand-tuffting and when it goes into the hand-tuffting area Then it gets locked down into place and starts to look like an even surface of a mattress Where do you sell your mattresses our mattresses are sold at department stores like Bloomingdales The starting mattress advertised by Macy's or sleep shops is $2.99 in queen That's its first set. The product was $2.99 in 1963 How can that be? Because the product is not the same product You're now getting a one-sided mattress with polyfoam. The product in 1963 was a two-sided mattress with cotton on a box spring So all I've done is just taken everything out of the mattress and box spring to have enough money to satisfy the stock holds And to get the advertised dollars We put a lot more into a mattress than any other manufacturer and that's kind of our philosophy Our philosophy is to build the finest handmade mattress and box spring in the world And the only way to do that is with the best materials and the best techniques to lock them together in college I studied business and everything I studied I relate back to you know How would dad do that if you're gonna be in any industry you want to be with a company that has the finest quality product And so it was a no-brainer for me to enter the business


Everybody here has a variety of reasons why they came in the Navy. So you guys have been trained for 37 weeks. You're going to get underway on some of the most sophisticated crafts in the world. A SWCC, a special warfare combatant craft crewman, is special operation commands, premier, maritime mobility, insertion, extraction, element. I am a special warfare combatant craft crewman. I am a quiet professional. I am tested and dedicated to achieving excellence. I am disciplined, confident, and a highly motivated warrior. A lot of times folks see guys zipping around on boats and they assume it's SEALs, and when in fact it's actually SWCCs. SWCC is really the best kept secret within the entire United States Navy. A completely different pipeline, completely different capability than the SEAL capability. We operate with some of the most elite special operations forces in the world. My heritage comes from the sailors who operated the PT boats of World War II and the combatant craft of Vietnam. We trace our lineage back to World War II. You know, we didn't call them SWCCs back then. But the type of person that operates the craft, that legacy is what's carried forward. There's only 800 special warfare combatant craft crewmen in the entire Navy. The SWCC community is a community of professionals that have been forged through very demanding training and they are the kind of operators that will get the job done no matter what. I am ready for war. I will close and engage the enemy with the full combat power of my craft. My actions will be decisive yet measured. I will always complete the mission. I will never quit and I will leave no one behind. SWCC training I believe is some of the hardest training that the military puts on. It covers the gamut of physical and mental training. We have a 60-65% attrition rate through this course. So out of this course you really get the best of the best. Most of the training we do here at basic training plan is high-risk. I think folks get here and they realize, wow, I didn't think it was going to be this hard. This is an audition. We add stress, we add, you know, being tired. We expect that perfection day in and day out because that's what's going to be demanded of you when you go down range on the plane month after month to get the good missions and to continue to take the fight to the enemy. When our candidates graduate they're going to receive the basic special warfare combatant craft crewmen insignia. So what that means is they are prepared to move forward to a special boat team and to operate at that basic level. So these pins are significant. You're going to earn them but they don't belong to you. This community owns that pin. And I can promise you if you do anything dishonor and disgrace it your brothers will take it back from you at a lot quicker than the 37 weeks it took to earn it. It's inherently dangerous. We operate high speed craft during periods of darkness. We employ heavy weapons systems and we do it better than anybody else in the world. So the type of candidates that we're looking for are both physically and mentally at the top of their game. We're looking for somebody that has that never quit attitude and will do anything to complete the mission. Right now we are looking for fleet conversion. We're looking for getting those experienced sailors that are currently out on the ships. We're looking at trying to get them to come here and take the SWIC challenge. Never forget where you came from. Never get the brothers of gone before you. On time, on target, never quit.


There seems to be no correlation between how much effort you put in and how much you get out definitely at the beginning and And and I think you know that because you're used to something like if say if you're studying for a test or something The more you study the better you do, you know by and large You're trying to work out the more you work out the more muscly or fit you get and and stuff like that but So you feel that if you're setting out say as a freelance translator and you start putting in a lot of effort You should you should see more returns, but many times that doesn't seem like the case and so the reason for this is And it's because you're just starting out and I guess with everything It's a bit, you know, it's kind of like that when you first start working out say you don't see much You don't see many results, but over a while you start seeing more and more and this is all the more so true with Freelancing with freelance translation and the big reason for this at least in my experience is that at the beginning You're actually wasting a lot of effort And a lot of the things you do are kind of wasted energy Unfortunately, there's no way to know what kind of effort is wasted and what isn't until you because this changes for every person, right? and this will change depending on, you know, what your skill set is and What types of clients you can find and what type of clients are available for your certain language combination your specialization the area you're in or just pure luck and So, you know a lot of the effort you put in a lot of the people you try to contact a lot of this stuff You put a lot of effort in won't pay any rewards, you know At least not now and you don't see any benefit coming in from all the effort you're putting in So but what what's gonna happen? What's gonna happen is less and less and less of this So the effort you're wasting and you know the effort that you're putting in that doesn't get any results Over time you'll start noticing that certain things don't get results while certain things do and So you can figure out what does get results and what doesn't and start concentrating more and more on what does get results And as a consequence things that do get results will pay compound interest if that makes any sense Let me give an example You realize that you're targeting certain types of clients that you don't get any results And you're targeting other types of clients and you do get results say you target as an example, you know financial Clients and legal clients financial ones. You're not getting results legal ones. You're getting a lot of results So what you can do after a while is stop contacting the financial ones and just contact the legal ones So suddenly you you're putting in half as much effort or you know If you put in the same amount of effort you're gonna get double the results or quadruple you know, whatever it is you're at least gonna get results and here you're getting none and For the same amount of effort because you're still contacting clients But they're all here and then what happens there is that you get You're targeting more you you get more used to them you target them more and you start learning what they need and so this is what I mean by compound interest because you get you understand the industry or understand what they're looking for and this is all based on your past experience and so you take this over time and what happens is you're wasting less and less effort and you start really getting good at what at knowing what works and what doesn't and what you should be targeting and And so this means that over time You'll be putting in very little effort for a lot of reward if that makes any sense you start off putting in a lot of effort for very little or no reward and But over time that ratio starts to shift until at a certain point you realize that getting clients isn't so hard I mean, it's always an effort But you kind of know what formula works for you and at least what has been working and many times You need to tweak it or change it or you want to try new things and that's fine but you kind of do have a Formula for lack of a better word a system Let's say that helps you do it a system is better than a formula because there's no Guaranteed outcome, but you do have a system to try to find out what works and what doesn't so and You know and and that's That's usually how it works at the beginning you see very little reward very little results for all the effort you're putting in but Over time you start realizing that you do see results and then you start realizing that hey these results are coming a lot more easily than I remember from you know when I first started out and And yeah, it just starts getting easier and easier the big question of course is How much time passes from when you first starting out and you don't see results to when you do start seeing results and There is no answer because this changes for everyone, right? And a lot of it has to do once again with your skillset with your language combination with pure luck and everything else So what I try to do with all of these videos by the way I'm with my course and all that is to help out that process Unfortunately, there is no system you follow ABC, you know these things and you're guaranteed success. This isn't like I mean, you know, unfortunately, this isn't like class where you know if you study your vocab, you can get an A here You can study all the right vocab, but it's life And so there's always that that unknown X factor that comes in and you never know what'll and you know what'll work and what won't and so it really takes experience to figure this out and to figure out how to Find what works best for you and what doesn't so time is an unknown here Unfortunately, that's what kind of gets a lot of people down They try it and feel like they've been trying it for a long time and nothing works And so they kind of give up but those people who persevere in a way you kind of have to persevere past what is Logical almost because you're like I'm putting in all this effort and not getting any reward But it's the people who keep going after it And so it really is people who really like doing it because you kind of have to keep going past that point and then you start seeing results and Yeah, that's based on my experience. That's how it works and For the most part there is no set formula, but you can create sort of a system that works for you and that helps you get Try to find new clients and helps you find a way of identifying these new clients and seeing what works and what doesn't so You know at the beginning it will be slow and at the beginning You know anyone who tells you you can find success like that Or they have a formula that guarantees success stuff like that is lying and as with anything You know along those lines because they really they're there's certain ways you can try to avoid making mistakes you can learn from other people's mistakes and Definitely from your own mistakes and so for this reason I think it's very important to take stock of what you're doing try to keep track of who you contact in what industry They're in you know what type of client they are especially when it works try to keep track of what works out and as compared to what doesn't because Then you start noticing patterns and you start getting an idea you believe oh every time I target You know potential clients in this country say it really works out or who do this or who'd need this kind of job done It really works out, you know when people need a job done quickly. It really works out Maybe I'm just a lot quicker than most other translators or anytime someone needs something done over the weekend It works out because I have no problem working on the weekend But some other people might things along those lines and they're very hard to identify Until you've been through it and then you start getting an idea and then you can start identifying it And that really helps you push forward So it really does help to take stock to try to keep track of what works and what doesn't Otherwise just keep putting the effort in you know just keep putting it in and I know it at many times It might seem that it's useless and you don't see any rewards But just know that everyone else is going through the same thing and a lot of people are giving up and if you keep Persevering then you you know, you're beating out the competition those who give up because you keep going and going and You know sooner later you will find success But it it really it changes for each person So you need to kind of push back past that barrier Where you start seeing results from your efforts and from then on really it does get simpler It doesn't get easier let's say but at least it gets more straightforward because you know what to talk focus on what to target Etc. Etc. So anyway Hopefully you can find this useful. Hopefully it's not too depressing, but rather motivating because even if you feel like you can't see the light at the end of the tunnel it is there and you know You just need to keep pushing and keep going and that you know This is especially for you people who are just starting out and who may be feel like you've been Doing all this work, you know right at the beginning and you and you're not seeing results keep going and you know the results will come and Unfortunately, you just have to keep pushing and keep pushing. You're doing the right thing You know then try to keep focusing on it focusing on what works and and focus on and you know, you'll get the results so anyway Hopefully you can find this useful for for what you're doing again. This applies to all types of freelancers and otherwise, I will see the next video and Please like this video if you find it useful Please don't forget to subscribe if you haven't and I'll see you next time. Thanks. Bye Save Doom


Progressive web apps seem to be the latest buzzword, but what does it mean? I'm Pete, a developer advocate at Google, and in this video series, you'll learn what a progressive web app is, why it matters, and how you can build one. In this first video, I'll cover the key concepts of a progressive web app and how you can get started. So let's jump in. Web development has changed a lot over the years when Ajax transformed the web from static pages into dynamic interactive experiences. Users' expectations went from clicking on the side of a map and waiting seconds for it to scroll to something like the Google Maps experience with live panning and zooming. You don't have to live with that horrible click and wait user experience. Unfortunately, the improvements we've seen on the desktop web haven't translated as well to the mobile web. Consider this, if I asked you to open Google Maps on your phone, would you do it using the native app or through the browser? Chances are you'd use the native app. Mobile is the key factor driving this revolution. We now use mobile devices more than desktop computers. And depending on which stats you look at, it's been this way for more than two years. On mobile, users spend most of their time in native apps rather than on the web. In fact, they spend 87% of their time in native apps versus only 13% of their time on the mobile web. When asked why, users often say that apps are more predictable, they're easy to find on the home screen and feature push notifications that bring them back. So should we abandon the web and go build native apps? Of course not. There's a flip side to native app usage. App usage is highly concentrated and users tend to only install and use a few apps. If you're not one of those chosen apps, too bad. Users have told us that they see native apps as a big commitment in space, time and cost. According to a recent study, the average user installs zero apps per month. Zero. None. By contrast, mobile users visit over 100 websites every month. This is the power of URLs and the ephemerality of the web. One way to think about the difference between native and web apps is on the capability axis. When you tap on their icon, native apps start quickly. They tend to work offline. They can show notifications, sync in the background and have access to sensors like camera and microphone. But the reach is somewhat limited, requiring a different version for each platform. The web is safer and its permission model is more respectful of your privacy. But without some of the same capabilities, it doesn't matter how many people can use it. We want to combine the capabilities and experience users are used to in native apps with the reach of the web. We want the best of both worlds. A progressive web app is simply that. A great user experience that feels integrated and earns a place on my home screen without having to give up the reach to get it. The term progressive web apps really just means radically improving the quality of your end-to-end user experience. In order to do that, we need to focus on four things. Making the app fast, making the experience more integrated, ensuring that it works reliably and keeping users engaged. Let's take a look at each of these properties in a little bit more depth. Users expect apps to load quickly and to have smooth scrolling. Unfortunately, the web has a bad name for this, especially on mobile. For now, let's focus on load performance, which means making sure that your web app loads fast. Now, this isn't just esoteric. We all know that time is money. This chart shows just how true that is. 20% of users will abandon a site if it takes more than three seconds to load. Now, I could make a joke about kids today and short attention spans, but I'm guilty of this too. Other studies show even worse results. After three seconds, 53% of users will abandon a site. In short, speed kills. Users shouldn't have to reach through a browser tab to access your app. In fact, the users shouldn't even think about the fact that they're on the web. Instead, they should be able to interact with it in the same way that they interact with all of the other apps on their device. They expect to launch it from the same place they launch all of their other apps. They expect to see it in the task list. They expect it to have all of the capabilities and hardware access that other apps have. Web payments, something that we'll cover in a future video, is a good example of keeping a user in your flow. Instead of requiring the user to fill out a complex checkout form, the payment request API simplifies it down to a few taps and can even integrate with other payment apps like PayPal or Android Pay. Another good example is media playback. With the media session API, you can provide metadata about what's currently playing and even handle media-related events from the user. If the screen is locked, the user can quickly see what song is playing and maybe skip to the next song. Users don't expect the web to work without a network connection, and often they don't even bother to try when it's a slow or intermittent connection. We need to change that perception. Web apps must be reliable. When a user taps on a home screen icon, they expect it to load instantly and reliably. Apps launched from the home screen should never show the down a sore. Thinking back to the 90s when the web grew up, this is how we got online. Going online meant putting the whole house into online mode. I remember having to yell upstairs, don't pick up the phone, and if someone did, it would kill my connection. We used to know when we were online, but now in the broadband era, we don't even think about it. Desktop connectivity is just always there. We've become used to always being online, and when we're not and we see this cute little down a sore, it's a disaster. Mobile phones aren't always online. Maybe you've turned on airplane mode or your subway stop doesn't have service. And even when you have four bars, you might not have a live connection. But it's not just the no connection that breaks the user's trust. It's slow and intermittent connections that affect users just as much. Still, mobile apps never show the down a sore. Nothing on my home screen shows this. In order for a web app to earn its place on the home screen, we need to make them reliable, even when the network isn't. An engaging app goes beyond functional and ensures that the whole experience is delightful, making it easy for the user to do what they need to do. Using features like web push, it's always up to date. Notifications keep the user informed. An engaging app uses the right capabilities at the right time in a beautiful way. One example, push notifications. They've existed for a while, but I'm really excited that we finally have access to them as web developers. And they even work when the browser is closed. On mobile devices, notifications are a fundamental part of turning a monthly active user into a daily active user. So enough exposition. Let's take a look at Twitterlite, a progressive web app designed to deliver a more robust experience with explicit goals for instant loading, increasing user engagement, and lower data consumption. The Twitterlite progressive web app combines the best of the modern web and native features. It became the default mobile web experience for all users in April of 2017. On the first load, it looks and behaves like any normal web app. This is a well-designed mobile experience. Smooth scrolling, responsive design, all of the rest. When I revisit the site, Chrome prompts me with an add to home screen banner, making it easy for me to add it to my home screen. When I click add, a little toast pops up, letting me know it's been added to my home screen. In a future version of Chrome, progressive web apps will also be added to the task launcher. Let's see how it looks. There it is on the home screen. Tapping the icon starts it immediately, showing a splash screen while things are loaded. Then it launches into a full screen experience. It feels like all of the other installed apps on my phone. Even clicking on the task manager shows it as a top level app using the icon, app name, and colors defined in the manifest. Being in the user's field of view is very important for re-engagement. Shortly after launching Twitter Lite, they were seeing over one million launches from the home screen every single day. Twitter implemented web push notifications that work the same as those from their native app and arrive even if the user's browser is closed. Users are prompted to enable notifications or can go into the settings and enable notifications there. Notifications appear on the locked home screen and when I click on the notification, I'm taken directly to the relevant place, making it easy for me to reply, like, or retweet something. When tweeting, users have access to all the same features they expect. They can take pictures, attach photos they've already taken, and so forth. It was pretty cool to see Twitter demo this at their launch event, where they posted a tweet with an image in about a second and got hundreds of likes, all while still on stage. Reaching a broad set of users is important for Twitter, especially those in emerging markets where lower download speeds and less powerful mobile devices are common. Twitter Lite helps reach this audience more effectively by making Twitter faster and easier to use on low bandwidth connections. Twitter Lite is only about 600k over the wire versus almost 24 megabytes to install the native Android app. And for Twitter, who measures their success in the number of tweets and pages viewed per session, their progressive web app has been a flyaway success, with a 75% increase in tweets sent and 65% more page views. Today, Twitter Lite has more active users than any other Twitter client. Twitter Lite is fast, it launches as a full screen app from my home screen, it's reliable, working no matter what my network connection is, and it's engaging. ServiceWorkers is one of the new platform APIs that's behind many of the new capabilities that I've been talking about. The traditional web model requires the browser to go to the network for every single request, and if the network is down, everything fails, and you get that famous dinosaur. But you don't always need to traverse the network every single time. The ServiceWorker can cache all of the resources needed for your page, it gives you full control to manage the cache and allows you to decide when to hit the cache and when to hit the network. ServiceWorkers can handle more than just network requests. They can handle system level notifications like push messages. A push message is just another type of request that the ServiceWorker services. When a message comes in, it wakes up the ServiceWorker, then calls its on push handler. Earlier this year, Lancom launched a new progressive web app. Compared to their previous mobile experience, time to interactive dropped by 84%, leading to a 15% decrease in their bounce rates. To re-engage with users, Lancom added web push notifications, alerting users about exclusive promotions, product releases, and to reconnect with shoppers who have abandoned their carts. This strategy has delivered an 18% open rate on mobile and conversion rates on abandoned carts have increased by 8%. The new strategy also delivered a much better experience across platforms. iOS is important to Lancom and 65% of all users landing on their progressive web app are on iPhones. With their new PWA, Lancom saw a 53% increase in session length and a 10% decrease in bounce rate among iPhone users. Despite the fact that some features were unavailable to them. All told, the progressive web app has been a tremendous success driving a 17% increase in conversions. Lyft also launched their new mobile site as a progressive web app with the needs of emerging market users in mind. In emerging markets where you can't take bandwidth or even connectivity for granted, it's even harder for your audience to get into your app. Instead of making a simple landing page that asks a user to install something, their progressive web app is a feature-complete version of Lyft just without the install step. Remember, the goal isn't to get the user to install your app, it's to get them to use your service. The word progressive in progressive web apps isn't there accidentally. Focusing on the end-to-end user experience will have a dramatic impact on your business, even for users who can't experience the full power of progressive web apps because they're on a device that doesn't fully support service workers. A progressive web app doesn't have to be a huge undertaking. So how do you get started? Well, first and foremost, you need security. That means serving your site from a secure origin. Everything must be served via HTTPS. It's like table stakes for your progressive web app. In fact, for many new and even some old powerful web APIs, like Geolocation, it now requires a secure origin. You may know the green lock from the URL bar. The green lock indicates that there's a secure connection between the site and the user. Having a secure connection really means three things. The user can trust that the site is actually you. They can be assured that no one has tampered with a page and that no one is listening in on the connection. The web has tremendous reach and it's frictionless, so keeping users safe is hugely important. Once you're serving everything from a secure origin, you're ready to begin your journey of building a progressive web app. There are plenty of ways to get started, but they can be summarized in these three approaches. Building from the ground up, starting with a simple version and focusing on a single feature. Each of these make sense in a different scenario. Starting from the ground up makes the most sense when a site is about to go through a redesign. If you're starting from scratch anyways, it makes sense to build in progressive web appiness from the beginning. This approach enables you to easily use the app shell pattern and take advantage of the power of service workers. OLX is one of the largest online destinations for classified ads in India, providing communities and high growth markets with a vibrant online marketplace. They look to progressive web app technologies to provide a faster loading, immersive, and app-like experience. After launching the progressive web app, the time until the page becomes interactive fell by 23%, with a corresponding 80% drop in bounce rates. OLX also wanted to re-engage mobile users just as they would on their mobile app. This meant taking advantage of capabilities like push notifications and add to home screen. These two updates increased engagement by 250%. Monetization also improved. With ads loading faster, the click-through rate has increased by 146%. Of course, not everyone can take this approach. Starting from scratch often isn't realistic. The second approach is to build a simple version of the site, the light or mobile version, and choose to optimize around a specific section or user journey. An example of this approach is Air Berlin. Their schedule and demand didn't make it possible to start from scratch, so instead they focused on the post-booking experience. Their user journey is one you might be familiar with. You're at the airport and you want quick access to your itinerary details, destination information, and above all else, the boarding pass. Their progressive web app heavily leverages caching to ensure that it loads super fast and works reliably. From the time the user taps on the home screen icon until the boarding pass is up is less than a second. And it works even without an internet connection. The final strategy is to define a specific feature to focus on. Pick one feature where you can have high impact and focus on that. This is frequently the approach needed at large companies where you may not have the backing to start from scratch or even build a separate simple version. For example, the weather company has been interested in progressive web app technologies for quite some time, but they needed to prioritize based on what they believed would be highest impact for their users and their business. They decided that the most impactful feature was notifications. They decided to focus on a single feature with web push, and they went big, rolling out notifications globally in over 60 languages. Users on their mobile web app can subscribe to multiple types of notifications, just like on their native app. This success sets them up on their journey to build a full progressive web app experience. In the first three months of rolling out web push, weather saw over a million opt-ins. Web push notifications allow weather to reach a whole new audience with the same set of notifications as their native app users. As you think about your journey, do what makes sense for your users, your site, and your company. Speaking of, we've been so excited to see the incredible momentum on progressive web apps around the world. Large companies such as WeGo, Expedia, and Trevago have all rolled out successful progressive web apps. Publishers like Infobay and Forbes have launched progressive web apps and Forbes has seen a doubling of user engagement since their launch. E-commerce sites such as Fandango, Alibaba, and Rakuten have all invested in progressive web apps. Even new services like ride-sharing companies that we might think of as app-only are getting in on the action. Lyft rolled out their progressive web app last fall, and Ola Cabs, the largest ride-sharing service in India, has just launched their progressive web app. This is just a sample of some of the folks who are shipping or actively working on progressive web apps. Every one of these companies has had their own path for how they're investing on the mobile web and starting down the path of progressive web apps. In the next couple of videos, Mariko and I will show you how you can build progressive web apps that are fast, integrated, reliable, and engaging. Then, once you've completed the videos, we have a collection of code labs that you can use to put your new found knowledge to work. I hope these videos and the accompanying code labs leave you inspired and confident about building progressive web apps. With that, thanks. Let's jump into the next video, Building Integrated Experiences.


Oh, where is my razor blade? I don't know. Oh no. I can't find it. Oh well. I'm going to show him. Hello everybody! He here. My buddy J.B. Taylor sent me something. I'm pretty sure I know what one of them is, and if he told me what the second thing is, I think there's two things here that might only be one. So let me, let me remove my foot. From my mouth before we get into this. If there's more than one, I don't know, but it feels like there's two different things floating around in here. So I'm excited. I can't find my razor blade. I'm, I'm shaking. And now I just got to rip into it with my finger meat. Oh Lord. Oh Lord. How you doing? Oh wow. I think we did talk about this.  First off, the one that I knew was coming is a Coulson Whiteheads. The Underground Railroad. If you don't know, I absolutely love this book. J.B. Taylor and Jim Bernadini both read this with me and J.B. said that he would send me his copy once he was done with it and he did. It's, it's so nice. I like it. This is one of my favorite books or one of my favorite reads from last year. Anyways, and awesomely enough, was it Tribesman? Yeah, Tribesman by Adam Cesar. If you don't know Adam Cesar, he has a terrific YouTube channel. He's a really good writer, horror author. This is, I've long been wanting, I've long wanted to read this. Sorry, I got my words all mixed up. I have the e-book, but J.B. sent me, sent me the, the paperback. So this is awesome. I'm looking, I didn't realize this book was so dang short. It's 109 pages. So I'll definitely be getting to this in March. Had I known, this is gonna sound terrible, but had I known that this was so short, I would have just went ahead and read it. Um, I, for some reason, I thought it was a, you know, a pretty thick tone. Thank you so much J.B. for the books. I appreciate it. But until next time, I have been E, you have been U. This has been another unboxing. I'll talk to you guys later. Bye-bye!


Most of us learn here that at a young age that never take your eye off any animal because they are unpredictable and they can turn on you in a heartbeat and I suppose I learnt that the hard way. Now it was just a typical day, moving cattle, moving bulls to be precise and mob of 26. Yeah, they were fighting with each other and carrying on so they normally do it anyways and I just thought I'll call my boss up for some help. So I moved away from the bulls and roughly about, I know, 50 metres and called the boss up over the two way and asked him to come give me a hand and put the two way back in the rack of the bike and next minute turned around and there was a bull there, smashed me right in the end of the fuel tank of the bike and took the bike with him for a little bit. I went and saw a knee specialist and he said that straight away he saw that there was a clean break in between the kneecap itself and operated on it straight away. Now I got operated on in hospital for a couple of days and I was on crutches and physio pretty well every single day for, I think it was about a month then back to work on light duties. I started off doing most of my normal duties that didn't involve me using my right knee. I was allowed to drive around in the gaiters like I normally do and most of the normal duties that I do every day I was able to do, yeah just pretty well spraying fence lines using chemicals and painting fences, anything that didn't really involve me standing up for long periods of time. Everyone here on farm was very supportive of it all. My boss, he was very supportive of it all, he was ringing me pretty well every day to make sure I was getting along all right but everyone was very supportive and glad that I was back at work so. The whole farm has from my injury learned a lot more like they've never had that sort of accident happen on farm before but yeah now when we move bulls we try and use the gaiters because they've got the full roll over protective structure and yeah they're a lot more safe than the two with a lot more protection right around and the bulls seem to be a little bit more scared of a gaiter than what they would be about. Listen to your doctor, listen to your physiotherapist, don't over strain yourself and do the exercises that the physiotherapist tells you to do, they help a lot.