What was that? That lady's gonna think she's sent some old guy over the edge. She's gonna be worried all day. I made this call to this guy and he sent him over the edge. I love doing that to telemarketers that call up.  Mess with telemarketers! You can follow us on Instagram, Twitter, or more juicy content. Thanks a bunch. Subscribe to the like button. I always listen to what they have to say though, because I was once a telemarketer, so it's a very difficult job.  I'm not gonna mess around with them. But my favorite, my favorite is this. Hi, I'm calling about the home financing stuff we talked about earlier.  Number two, we didn't talk earlier. Are you lying?  I don't answer the phone. That's true. Don't call Corbin. Today we have the, I think the third part of the Prabhu Deva. Another? How many parts are there? Fuck, I don't know. Wow! But this is with Michael Jackson's fall, Prabhu Deva's dream got crushed. Don't know what that means. My bet is his dream was to collaborate with Michael. What do they mean by Michael Jackson's fall? Either his literal death or the controversy that surrounded him. This will be interesting. Rick doesn't have any strong opinions about any of this. None whatsoever. You slept with him, huh? As a child. I have slept with Michael Jackson as a kid. Damn proud of it. Not a joke. Here we go. Please click here on your screen. One day I watched the thriller. But that day changed. You and me both. Who is this guy? Something very unique style. Was that his introduction to Michael Jackson? It was a different kind of dancing style only. I mean it's very possible. Like that dance it has to be. No touching. Kajal! I did so much of dancing days there but finally Kajal is the winner. Because I made something else. Tracking milestones of an incredible journey. Standing 30 years. Remind music sheets. Hi friends. In this episode how about a twist in the tale. It's there for you all. So do watch the episode till the end. Okay. And capture the moment of the day. Alright. AVM. The iconic production house. That launched mega stars like Sivaji Ganesan and Kamal Hassan. Decided to make Minsara Kanawul. For its 50th anniversary celebration. Loosely based on 1965 American musical Sound of Music. Oh wow. The film had music as its USB. So Rehman became an obvious choice for Minsara Kanawul. It's Kajal's debut film in Tamil. The film required Prabhu Deva not only to act and dance. But also choreograph. Until then Prabhu had avoided choreographing his own songs. You see choreographing is a different word. Acting is different word. Why to take both? Some people are there to do. Why to them to like that? Then you had to choreograph your own songs. And you listen to the song. What was your reaction? For Minsara Kanawul. Yes. The director of the movie had a vision for each song. Of course moment comes to me. What dancing? Some visual comes to me. I follow that only. Whenever I listen to the song immediately visual comes. When director told this has to be like this. Like this like this. So I put my visual into that. In those times in that picture only I am acting little bit better. Little bit more maturity. I was 24, 23, 24 something like that. But your choreography and your dance was so different. All career goes to the director. But you must have decided the dance style, its treatment and setup. Director had a vision. As you told it was a different kind of dancing style only. Thanks to the director only. Because that song only again. He recorded the song in that way. Like that dance it has to be. No touching. Without touching we must dance like that. So I improvised it. Luckily I got to know what he wants. I understood what he wants and we did it. It both gelled. The choreographer and the director was gelling very well. And of course cameraman was tremendous as well. And Rajals. Ice. That's another thing I picked up. In addition to the head nod I do that all the time now. Ice made the song something else. Kajo, the icon. What does national award mean to an artist? What did it mean to you? It's a mixture. So when I got the first national award immediately I called my Guru. Two Guru's. One is Dharamraj Master. One is Lakshmi Nagar. One is fire. One is ice. Dharamraj Master is a very angry person. Very means you have to see it to believe it. Very angry if he doesn't put sleep power red and red. He is very angry person but very lovable person. He is like that power. Like a fire only.  He told don't take it to the head. Do the other one. That's the first thing I said. In a good way he is telling don't take it to his head. You did your work. They gave it. Don't be in that. Go for next. Achive next. Next he is telling. Then I called the other master. Would it be Lakshmi Nagar Master? He is like ice. Like I said oh very good. He must have again worked more hard. See the difference between. So that was of course when they told I was happy only. Normal human being. Very happy. But from that time I became okay. I got dead. He is so beautiful. Prabhu Deva earned name and fame. For dances that were essentially western in style. But right from his childhood he trained in Bharat Natya. Considered to be amongst the oldest classical dance forms of India. I was learning Bharat Natya from my Guru. Dharma Raj Master. My Bharat Natya helped me like anything in my life. For the timing. For the discipline. Not only Bharat Natya helped me for the dancing. For the punctuality, discipline, hard work. Everything helped me. Because my Guru Ji. When I was training Bharat Natya. How in the Kung Fu films they will train the people. They jack each other. Like that they used to train us. He used to make me under that RMND and sit for a while like that only. Sit only. And he used to talk. And he used to have TV and TV and all. I used to tell him, Master Ji, you forgot me.  Those things helped me. And he used to come on time. Five o'clock means he will be there five. See those things. Punctuality, hard work, everything. Discipline. Everything helped me. Of course for my life. Even for the choreographing. I have done many more choreographing. Without knowing my Bharat Natya touch will be there. But nobody knows it. And timing everything. Besides training in Bharat Natya. Something else too influenced Prabhu. Thriller. A studio album by Michael Jackson. Released in 1982. It topped charts across the globe. And also changed Prabhu forever. Those days there is no deck. The deck comes. He used to rent it out and watch the film. Watch it. So like that one day I watched the thriller. I got that day changed. Who is this guy? Something very unique style. I have never seen somebody who is dancing like that. I believe. All the world. In that I am also one. So next day I used to grab that my mind was going on. When I used to Bharat Natya I put Michael Jackson. My guru used to do that. Not much about Michael Jackson.  Whoever it is do this. I used to do this. Parallel I was in my mind or in my body. Michael Jackson dance was going on. Practicing in my mind only with that. How did you practice? In your room or beaches? Where? It is what I am doing in my mind. Whenever in front of I used to practice. But those days you know the facilities are certain. The music also where to get the music. There was no cassette you want to get the thriller. I don't know what is the name also that I am thriller. Somebody named my water. Later later we came to know. So we don't. Very rarely if some people goes to buy tape recorder. VHS tape ok. That will be for one day only. Then we have to give back. I am telling the cassette recorder. I don't know which song where to get it. So I was without sound really. Whatever I see I saw I was practicing. That's it. First November 1996. Michael Jackson visited India for his concert. History World Tour. It also meant an opportunity for Prabhudeva to meet his idol. Bharatsha sir only took me there. So they told only three people or four people has to come. So Bharatsha told sir told you come. And he didn't take his summers. Asha mostly met up. Me that's it. And Bharatsha. When I met him he asked me. Then photographers also taken. But taken by their photographer. Because our photographer nobody is allowed. Then each people will take one photographer. So they were telling me we will take. And we will give it to you. But never it came. See it was like a dream. It was like a dream. Ultimate for dancers. So when he was there near by me. He was like. You know I can still feel that glint in your eye. As you speak of Mr. Michael Jackson. I am a great fan of him. Because it's not only the dance movement of Michael Jackson. It's something that power. Attraction. Something is there. Some magic was there. It's not about the dancing or singing. Something is there. That's the thing. There is only one chaplain. One burusly. One Michael Jackson. That's it. That's it. 1999. A.R. Rehman and Prabhu were part of MJ and Friends. Two stadium concerts by Michael Jackson. To raise funds for children in Kosovo and Africa. You. Not alone. I am here with you. Prabhu Deva's dream. To perform with Michael Jackson was about to come true. But there was a slip between the cup and the leg. Me and Raju were performing at Bharatunatyam. We were with Saurangh madam. We were performing at Bharatunatyam. And also all the big people were there. Normally in those days we would see in the M.T.V. How the stage show happened. Only it's full head. Full for it. It was there. We performed. We were here. He was performing here. Final performance was us. Michael Jackson's performance. Then last performance was us. He was supposed to come in our act also. So when Michael Jackson was performing he had a small injury. I can see what happened. That's some lift I think. He was supposed to come in the lift. Suddenly he got jerked out.  Finally after finishing they took him out. Then he performed. That's it. Wow. Did you see that? Nope. You didn't watch that live? Nope. Coming back to Menshara Kandavu. Mr. Rahman's compositions are always a challenge for singers. How challenging are they for choreographers? You know they don't get even the complete song. They just get some kind of a shooting mix. So choreographing and dancing to those tunes. What kind of challenges did you face? I used to give only Pallavi, only BGM. Even I, when I choregraph also I want a full song. 100% a song. Even if you're putting tic-tac-ting-tang also I wanted it. Because everything has to be shown in there. Of course. I like to take everything from there. Because normally I used to tell my other choreographers also. So how are you different? Music they are totally giving that. Yes. We have to follow him. That's it. They don't give him the whole song? Follow the music and we'll do that. That's why. If you do tic-tac-ting also, catch the tic-tac-ting. For some reason he's giving some tic-tang and all. Like that. Like that, when we used to do the song and again sir is to mix it like that. I used to feel like little bit. I have not given 100%. Because some music has missed. I have missed it looks like that. Of course. Like that. That was the challenge. And also the sound level is international. The quality was of Raghavan sir's sound is international. How to go to international? We are a local people. How much we can go only we can go. That much brain only we have. He's an international standard. We are that much tried our best. That's what I can do. I think whether we are made just if you must tell it. Because you have given the song like that. The sounding and the amazing song. Mr. Rahman keeps adding elements to a song till the time the film gets released. Can you give me any example where you felt that if you had got the complete final song. Your choreography would also have been different. Better he didn't give me that much. Because this song only is this much. If we have given that much water to him. Better he gave this much only. Better. Good. K Sarasara. Composed by Rehman. Choreographed and performed by Prabhu Deva and Mahadev Dixit. With untold stories behind that iconic song from Pukhar. In our next episode Prabhu Deva will continue.  I mean I guess if you have Prabhu. It's not only the dance moment of Michael Dixit. It's something that our attraction. Something is there. Some magic was there. It's not about the dancing or singing. Something is there. That's the thing. There is only one chaplain. One burusli. One Michael Dixit. Do you agree that this indeed was the moment of the day? Sure. Is your choice different? Whatever your mind says. Why not? In the section below we will be waiting. The moment of the day was the fact that he choreographs incomplete songs. Which is insanity. I'm not a choreographer but that just sounds insane. That's like, I mean I guess it happens in auditions. So like people give you a scene from a film. They don't give you the full film usually. Or TV show obviously. But you're expected to do it. But then obviously this is like, they hired him for this. To do the film. And they can only give him part. It's as absurd to me as telling somebody who's choreographing ballet. So here is 5 minutes of the 20 minute piece we're going to be doing. I'm sorry? Here's 5 minutes of the piece. And we're doing 20 minutes of dance. Yeah. Absolutely insanity. So did he say they performed, him and A.R. performed? Still? But they were supposed to perform with Michael. Correct. They performed and Michael was supposed to join them at the end but Michael got hurt. That would have been iconic.  Poor guy.  Also, who are you having follow up Michael Jackson? Well that's why he was going to be with them. That's why Michael was going to be doing it. It was the finale. The headliner. It was the finale with Michael there. After his performance to the American audience I believe. Did you see the 30th special, the 30 years of entertainment Michael Jackson special that was done literally I think the day before 9-11? In fact, Michael was supposed to be in the towers that day. Michael was supposed to be in the World Trade Center on 9-11 and overslept. Wow. But the 30th anniversary is him and his brothers. Then he has a ton of special guests. Usher comes out, Brittany Spears comes out. It's a big, big production with a lot of people that come out. Slash comes out from Guns N' Roses. So I think this is what that was supposed to be like on an international level. And of course Michael was supposed to be on stage with them and clearly. That would have been iconic. That would have been the guy running the lift that drops and hurts Michael Jackson. He's probably fired. Yeah, I didn't know that occurred. I didn't know that happened. How does that even happen? The amount of safety precautions that go, especially when you're carrying precious cargo like Michael Jackson. Seriously. That's insane. Seriously. Anyways, another great episode. Obviously go check out and subscribe to O2 India. Yeah. They always, every single one of these. And apparently they have another one that's coming out. Maybe they have even one after that. I have no idea. But all of these have been really, really insightful and wonderful. It's treasure. Yeah. Anyways, let us know what other videos we can connect to down below.


The Fox Okay The stream ain't the grind boys. Y'all gotta understand. I hate when I was boss not in the slot The stream is not the grind boys Maybe rising wants to play the slot maybe rising wants to play the slot I Will be I'll be honest the streaming is the easiest part of madden content. It's the easiest Well, the only way to get podcasts to work is you got to do it every week 151 Cuz streaming 12 hours is a hell.  You like bro like it's an L Forget Ken one of these defense took a hit pick. Oh, come on.  That's just trust good play man Good play good play Play oh My god, I looked at it. I looked at the chat and I'm getting no huddled That's why I hate but I always put that guy in a half. I swear to God Sap God like cuz there's no way we just got railed like that Hmm.  Oh, what am I giving up though, dude? Like what am I giving up? What am I good? I like what am I giving up drag for 40 yards of trucking? I got Jerry Rice. So I don't know where rice is God. I want this the Shawn Jackson card tomorrow, dude Jerry Rice alright Like there's no way you don't like if y'all blitz if you don't blitz me in this. I swear to God. It's it Oh, we got to catch that one Dude, it's like when they run this defense. I always feel like I can't keep running that same play But bro, that's the play you run over and over and over and over and over I'm not doing serious. I'm like, hmm. I should switch it up. I'm like, hmm. I should switch it up No, God, I wish I had conducted all conducted with this. No, see he's not blitzing now. He's honestly, he's not even Come on. W. That's gotta be a touchdown. I can't lie. I'm a guy every small line ability.  I'm tripping for good girl. Good girl. Good girl. I get that much like that's just a perfect I swear to God, you just not getting an animation. You just not Nice play, dude. Nice play. Nice play.  Are y'all real? I mean, bro. Thank you.  I mean, that's not jay rise. Is the wrong person? I need y'all. I need a new receiver. That's not number 80. I need a new receiver. That's not Number 80 I need this to shine. Well, yo, once I get this the shine jackson card, you'll never see me like I'll never I'll be super comfortable This is free. It's just free, dude It's Free Like bro, these gotta be dry. Like that can't be a pass. It can't be a pass. Like that literally cannot be a I can't lie.   Like he's like He got the time And it's just bro when I'm telling when dudes have like post up and he secures You never get in pressure with three or four people, bro. You never get in pressure No way. He blitzes again. He don't blitz right here. Good pass. Good pass Like dudes on stand in the pocket. Just put a spy watch When you step up you send a spy. I got a crosser cover for bombs But dude, I'm telling you you cannot get pressure with these three Undos play like this man. They just can't go about time. Okay Troy the one that wants to get out to the quarterback. I mean, bro The she's thrown just a coverage. It's like, bro, what? I mean, bro. How was it? Yo, I swear to god, it's about to be in cover three cloud being Dude Oh my god Jesus christ, dude It's the best player ever. This is the best player ever Yeah, this guy wins. I mean, I I swear to god, I have like seven completed passes. Yeah, he wins though I think I've seen third down one time, but he wins. Yeah, you're right I gave up them streaks way too much though, man. GG's


So Paul, welcome to theCUBE. Thank you. Okay, so what's happening? Sorry to make you wait there. No worries, no worries. Giving me the eye daggers over there. I thought you were part of this and you were kind of bounced out, my apologies. No worries. Glad to have you inside theCUBE. So tell us what's going on with you. So at the event here, we announced our strategy around convert systems. And convert systems include the app systems, which Vertica is part of, our virtual system, and then our cloud system. All these are prepackaged, optimized solutions, delivered for customer's key workloads. Cloud is the hottest thing out there today. And with our cloud system, we enable customers to buy a single SKU and have a complete cloud environment for private cloud delivered right to their doorstep. Virtualized systems are big also. We launched our new virtual system, which enables the same thing with a virtual environment, supporting an open environment of VMware, Citrix, Microsoft, whatever the customer wants to run on there, prepackaged, optimized for virtual environments.  We have app systems with Vertica, as well as across the board of Microsoft appliances, such as SQL Server and Exchange. So we provide the best performance for SQL Server and you can set it up in literally minutes versus what usually takes months. So the appliance trend is the rage right now. So you're seeing a lot of prefabricated, putting all the complexity in the box, very similar to how a PC and the old days servers, you put all the subsystems under, you wrap it up and you sell it, turn key. So that's cool. And let's talk about that in a Vertica, because Vertica is a new acquisition from HB, sitting up there in CTO office. All the CTOs are mind melting, trying to figure out where it all fits in there and the bigger story with analytics is obviously it's very sexy, it's a lot of sizzle to it, but a lot of meat on the bone with Vertica as we were talking about. But ESSN, the conversion infrastructure group, they just went ahead and we're going to do an appliance. So walk me through that process, because Vertica is like this Indian reservation right now in HB, it's sitting out there, a lot of asset capabilities, you guys took it right in, take us through one, the process and what you guys have. Okay, so a lot of our conversations that we've been having with customers, it's all about data and information, right? When I go out to customers, there's two big conversations. What am I going to do for the cloud? And what am I going to do with all this data out there? And as we were bringing Vertica into HB, we saw a tremendous need for some appliance that would go across, not just like our competitors out there, one stack, their stack, but could go across all stacks and suck in not only traditional data, structured data from CRM systems, ERP systems, but also reach out into unstructured data, web clicks, medical imaging, et cetera, and be able to be that unifying, next generation data source. So it's based on just the customer conversations we have that said, I need a solution like this. And what we did is because of the converged infrastructure, the ability to package this up and bring it to market in record time is all because we have this known entity of converged infrastructure, quickly working with the engineering team to optimize it and then get it out for customers. So let's drill down on that, because that's, we say dog fooding, but we heard from the SAP guys is drinking from your own champagne bottle, but a little bit better reference I guess than dog food, which is more of a Silicon Valley term where I live. But that's an interesting thing. Vertica gets bought, they get left alone, try to figure out, you guys see that and you go, wow, you went to integrate it in, and that's in a way how you guys talk to your customers, that's what you want customers to do, is to think the same way. So how long did it take from Vertica entering, walking in the front door of HB to turning around the appliance? Less than two months from when the first walked in the door and we could actually get the engineers to talk together, less than two months. And the most of the time was actually spent in getting through our manufacturing processes. So that when a customer orders it, it's guaranteed that they get the order correct. Delivering that around the world across multiple different supply chains, isn't as always seamless and easy as it sounds, but a lot of the time was spent in that as we were tuning and optimizing this. Because we had already worked with Vertica for more than two years on our blade system, and they had about a 50% share of Vertica on HP, we already had done a lot of that tuning work. So the most of it was just packaging it, and now we're getting our sales force educated in line, trained to go out and deliver the message and actually execute proof of concepts to get customers up and running quickly. A lot of people was trying to figure out the conversion infrastructure. We were reporting here on theCUBE and siliconangle.com and wikibond.org, our research side. We talked about when we put the group together, essentially all three divisions of HP kind of cobbled together under Donatelli. Okay, that's great. The execution's been pretty phenomenal. So you worked with Vertica, you plug it in, obviously pretty excited by Vertica sounds like, and looks like, obviously through the execution, you guys are really gelling. So talk about how the converged infrastructure teams use that Vertica example and other examples and how that differentiates from, say, the competition. Okay, so when you look at, in my role, actually, within ESSN, is that leg which takes the converged infrastructure from infrastructure of server storage and networking all the way up through the application. And that's where customers are really looking for. Tell me what you're doing to optimize that application stack. And that's, I think, what we're really differentiating is it's just not about running an application on the hardware, but we understand the dials to get the optimal performance. Because it's based on a converged infrastructure, there are technologies such as thin provisioning, such as autonomic storage, such as our virtual connect technology, which enables you to seamlessly add blades. So if you look at Vertica, for example, Vertica software enables you to add and grow nodes from 10 to 100 dynamically, but you also need a hardware that can automatically add nodes without taking any bit down and be part of that same pool. With converged infrastructure and our virtual connect. We see alternative for the customers. Obviously, the customer environment's not always as easy as it sounds, right? So take us through that scenario. You guys have the building blocks. What's the alternative? If they don't have HP convergers, what's their choices? So their choices are competitors like Oracle, right? Which doesn't scale seamlessly and is very expensive and has an army of DBAs to go figure it out. On the virtualization slide, it's guys like Vblock, which are very closed to one solution. Our alternatives are we're open. We support Microsoft, VMware, our own technology. We're going out to Marketplace with a value prop that says, what's your environment? Are you a Microsoft environment? We'll work with you. You need something new? We'll bring that in.  The mostly vendor environment story is strong because you guys have all those partnerships. You mentioned Oracle, right? So let's talk about Oracle. Oracle is a lock-in spec. They're evil, right? They do all these things. But in the way the market signals today are coming in, what we're seeing, what we're reporting on is the notion of a DBA is going away. I mean, in terms of a DBA, database administrator is changing. They're moving away from that. So they want more DBAs, but yet with Hadoop and big data and kind of these turnkey appliances, that's against the grain with IT. So talk about what you see in that area and what some of the trends that you see. So what we see with the DBAs are the DBAs want to spend more time with the line of business and understanding what's the value of the data and less time tuning and optimizing, getting buried deep into the knobs, right? So if we can do the knobs and they can spend their time understanding with the line of business, okay, what queries? How do you want to extract? How do you want to go optimize around these points of business? That's where we see the line of the DBA in the progressive companies changing. Okay, so this begs the next question. If the role of the DBA is changing given the nature of the landscape within the IT organizations, what's the next DBA? Because when you bring in, like, say, Vertica and big data, you have a whole different disruptive element going. You got DBA, data warehousing, business and challenges, markets changing rapidly. You also got the scale out cloud component you mentioned as demand for cloud. What's that guy doing?  What DBA was for old school, I guess, we call it old school or a decade ago, three years ago. What's the new DBA? Is there a new role? The new role of the DBA is to look across all the data sources out that are available and understand how to extract and pull that data in in the most optimal way. It's no longer about, hey, it's just my data that's parked in my enterprise data warehouse and I'm going to get faster queries on it for you. It's looking at how you mesh it with Hadoop. I mesh it with medical data. I mesh it with surveillance data. That's what's going to change the DBA when they become the asset broker of data that's within their own walls as opposed to data that's out in the general public. And that changes your business, how? That changes your business because it can help them make better decisions faster. When you can integrate data from trends that's happening across the web and being able to push a offer to a customer based on something that's happening in a Twitter storm and target it to somebody on a cell phone to go acquire something or push a coupon. That's where somebody can change and add new business models because that's what it's all about. The DBA. How does it change HP's business? Because you guys, or hasn't really you're in a good position. You've got the appliance approach which you're managing as your groups. How does it change you? For us, it's moving the conversation from having conversations about my hardware moves faster than yours. I've got bigger clock speeds, bigger IO, to I can help you make more money as in business. I can help you change your business model. I can help you look to bring in new opportunities that you couldn't before. So going up in the stack, our sales force is working to have a higher level conversation about those opportunities. Business agility is a hot topic and being, you know, scaling up without a lot of change and ripping replaces a good approach. Paul Miller, thanks for coming on theCUBE. One final question. What do you think about the show and your role here? What's been the feedback? So the show's been great and the feedback's been great. A lot of customer interest across all the appliances, the virtual systems. We see a huge opportunity and what I'm hearing from customers is, wow, I wish I would have known this about this earlier. So it's really bringing the awareness to a lot of customers. Thanks for coming inside theCUBE. We really appreciate you sharing your knowledge and the update on the business and I love this whole DBA's kind of changing role. Love the appliance strategy. Love what you guys have. You guys really executed here in the ESSN group. Congratulations. Great, thanks. Have a great day.


Welcome to today's lecture on pneumatic circuits. We have learned a little bit about the air preparation and components. Now, contrary to the hydraulic system, pneumatic systems use pressurized compressible fluids. Air is the most common compressible fluid as you know, as it is environmental friendly, chief safe, readily available fluid media for pneumatic systems. Usually from a centralized store air, it is supplied to various locations of an entire industrial plant. Now, for the preparation of air, what we need? We need a compressor which in inlet, it accepts the air from the atmosphere, which we call standard air. And then at the inlet of the compressor, there is although a filter or strainer is there, but actual filtration is done after it is compressed. Now, that air only not only it is compressed, it needs many other preparation process before it is allowed to enter into a pneumatic system. Now, first of all this compressed air is stored which partially cleaned in a receiver or which is also simply reservoir tank. Then in compressor as you know that it cannot run for continuously or it is not desired that it would run continuously. What is there? There is a system by which the compressor is stopped when the compressed stored air reaches a certain upper level of pressure. Now, when it is stored, the compressor is stopped. Then from the compressor end or compressor head to the reservoir intake, the air is trapped with the pressure at which we have stored it. Now that we need to release before starting the compressor again. So, for that the system which we have discussed earlier, it is called starting unloader and also there is a controller. If we need better control nowadays, the electronics control system with the maybe with the hydraulic circuit can be utilized for that. Next we need a filters. That means, when the compressed air being supplied to the machines, first it is filtered. Then we need to regulate. So, there will be a regulator as well as maybe the flow control valves. Then we need a lubricator. Now why the lubricator is needed? That is needed to add some lubricant to the compressed air because it is when it is being used in the pneumatic systems, there are moving components and there are no other means to lubricate that components. So, lubricator is mixed with the air. Now we need also muffler or which is called also silencer. In case of fluid, sorry oil or liquid that is that returns to the tank and that is not that much noisy in comparison to the gases. So, when gas is released then it is released to the atmosphere air particularly in that case it makes a noise. So, essentially we need an silencer at the end, but as well we need a silencer even when it is entering to the system, I mean utilization end. That silencer is usually called online silencer. Now we need a after cooler. This after cooler is not after the utilization. In fact, before the utilization because when the air is being complex a lot of heat is generated. So, it need to be cooled before being utilized for the further work and also the air contains the water particles. So, it needs to be dried. So, we need a dryer and apart from that different sort of indicators pressure, temperature these are required. Now, this is a typical schematic or artistic view for a plant. Here what we find the compressor and usually this compressor there will be another standby compressor also. So, that if one fails another can be operated or intentionally to reduce the load of a compressor particularly from heating. We may use two compressor instead of one large compressor, but this compressor capacity by no means that this is of less capacity in pressure may be volume capacity is less. The pressure capacity it both should be same, but it can fail this tank say partially it is filled by this one then it can be filled by other one. So, in that way one can be of less capacity another can be of higher capacity, but usually both are kept of the same capacity because we can it will serve all the purposes. If one fails it will work if you want to keep one standby it will work. If you want to run say this is a and this is b a fast b or b fast then a everything will be possible if these are of same capacity. Now, as we see that this is after loader after cooler and lubricant cooler these are cooling elements here is the compressor. Now, this is control panel this is motor this is compressor air end then a lubricator or air separator may be moisture separator or lubricator separator also I do not know exactly this why this separator also used for lubricating this air this water separator is definitely is used. Now, this is the main tank and this is the dryer one dryer we need a single dryer is there then the pressure flow controller is there and this is usually you will find that each and every point the filter regulator and lubricator FRL it is called short term FRL the three elements you will find one is lubricator one is filter and another is regulator. Each and every point usually such an element will be there and these are two work station where this power is being used and this as we see that we can connect more. After such preparations then these are used, but for individual application we need to develop separate circuits this which we are talking about the air preparation filter etcetera valves etcetera that is for the common supply to the whole industry, but for any pneumatic system we need a separate circuit. Now, for designing such a circuit first of all we should consider safety of operation secondly performance of desired function thirdly efficiency of operation and last the costs all together we have to think while we are going to design any system. Suppose one of that may be not that essentials say for example, costs sometimes the costs we can of course, we will not make it of exorbitant cost, but the cost factors may not be that important. However, in every cases the safety is fast so we have to think all sorts of safety protections. Now, performance of desired function it is very important whatever may be the function we need whether it is not very precision still we need to design in such a way that we can achieve the best performance out of it. Now, efficiency operation sometimes it can be compensated many means that we may not make the system very efficient. However, if making any system considering the best performance high efficiency and low cost that should be the motto, but it is not each and every point is the minimum or the maximum efficiency maximum cost minimum this may not be possible. So, we use the term optimum design anyway that needs I will repeat that needs may be you can follow a mathematical model to optimize everything or else that mostly depends on the experience. In case of pneumatics leakage and friction losses are the most crucial design factors that affect the above parameters most that means to minimize say for example, if I take even the cost factors to minimize this cost factors we have to make the system as much as possible it is leakage free, but in pneumatic systems that although ceilings are used, but still there is a possibility of there will be leakage say for example, a very simple example when we drive a car let us consider the car of pneumatic tire in that case car scooter everything the this is filled of to take the desired load, but what happens on the process there will be some leakage or in this pipelines this pipelines usually in plant is very big there will be several joints there will be several outlet points through which there is a whatever may be the amount there will be very small leakages that can be controlled by regular maintenance or initially selecting very good components. However, there is also a friction loss that friction loss you can say the skin friction we inside the conduit even if it is a very good finished, but when the air is flowing there will be friction between the air and the surface of the material and by no means we can neglect that one. Now, for an example leakage losses through various leakage areas with a combined area of 6.25 millimeter dia hole that means we are considering that the orifice through which the leakage is being occurred 6.25 millimeter dia. Now, this is very rough estimation because this is all area summing of all area it becomes equal to the area of 6.25 millimeter dia. Again if you consider the coefficient of discharge through this orifices of whatever may be the leakage passes may be capillary then this coefficients will be different, but roughly we can say this loss will be around 0.033 meter cube per second and this is of standard air for an operating pressure of 0.7 megapascal that is 0.7 means it is 100 psi. This may cause wastage of few lakhs of rupees in area if we calculate for pressurizing air of that amount and this is per second. So, if you consider the whole operating time for a plant this may be few lakhs of rupees in area, but anyway we can minimize that we cannot eliminate that. Such leakage losses are due to improper sealing and fittings which may not significant at the beginning, but becomes prominent after sometime. Friction losses are mainly due to undersized components and improper pipe lining. Now, you see that while we are making the pipe lining and definitely we will select the optimum size. It should be minimum leakage loss as well it should not of use volume then you will feel you will find that to feel that whole conduits if the amount of air is too high and there will be always leakage losses. So, we cannot control the leakage losses in other way. Therefore, in designing pneumatic system optimization is essential particularly in multi use pneumatic plant. Now, the energy loss due to air metal surface friction in pneumatic lines may be estimated using the Harris formula as follows where this pressure loss I mean loss in terms of pressure is expressed in this form where P f is the pressure loss in Pascal's C is coefficient which is to be determined experimentally for this coefficient is for pipe losses we are thinking of pipe losses. So, L is the length of the pipe Q is the flow rate through that conduit in meter cube per second again we call it standard air that means standard air means it is some pressure some temperature etcetera mentioned R C is the compression ratio of the system D is inside diameter of the pipe. Now, this C is to be determined considering the type of pipes type of conduits we are using. So, usually in case of pneumatic system main pipeline is of metal that is not flexible one. So, and metal means again it is steel nowadays stainless steel pipe is also being used because of the low cost production cost for the stainless steel otherwise previously this was iron steel was being steel ordinary steel was being used it is medium carbon steel not alloy steel, but again the surface preparation of such pipes even the material same may be different. So, there is some standard say in case of India we call it Indian standard according to that the C is to be determined for a range of pipe and it was found that C also depends of this diameter inside diameter D that means if we replace this C we will find a factor is coming here that numerical value something is coming here and there will be something to be added with this power subtracted or added with this power it will become in this form. So, this conversion I have not done, but as for the calculations for a compressor delivering 0.0472 meter cube per second standard of air through 2.5 centimeter standard commercial steel pipe this is just 1 inch pipe I have converted to like this length is 76.2 meter that is around 250 feet at a receiver pressure of 1.05 megapascals the pressure loss due to flow in pipe is estimated as 0.035 megapascal for this much of length this is all right this point 0.035 is not that a huge big figure, but if you reduce this pipe size just from 2.5 centimeter to 2 centimeter that means 20 millimeter it was initially 25 millimeter and then if you reduce to 2 centimeter 20 millimeter then the loss is increased by 250 percent. So, therefore, determining the size is very important now I have not calculated, but possibly we have reduced the diameter by 0.5 millimeter meter if we increase this by 0.5 millimeter it will not be that it will be very efficient we will then we will find this loss is reduced, but may be only 20 percent is reduced, but for increase in 0.5 millimeter in the inside diameter the quantity of air requirement will be huge. So, just looking into this point that there will be friction loss for smaller diameter we will go for higher diameter that should not be the attitude we have to properly calculate what might be the loss and then we have to select the pipe lines that means for a plant while we are calculating the pipe lines it is impossible to calculate how much consumption will be every day and others. So, it is on the basis of average estimation and sometimes it is found that this losses is not that optimum you may need to change the whole pipe lines which is expensive, but still that means I just would like to mention we should take lot of care to select these pipe lines. Now we shall come into that a circuits so far what I have discussed that is mostly about the air preparation and what should be the line distribution line etcetera, but now let us come to the pneumatic circuits what is used for the particular operation and machines. Now this is more or less similar to the hydraulic counterpart except that there is no return line to reservoir because this is released to the air atmosphere also in most of the cases the source is a centralized preferred air supply system. In there are some machines of course which is having special even if in a plant where you will find that they are using centralized special lines, but you may find some machines which is having a special compressor attached to this machine there is really some special air preparation is required otherwise we will find normally there is a centralized system. So whatever circuit we have to think we have to think that we are tapping a air source from a centralized system this means that we have to accept that at inlet this pressure will be of a range it may not be we can have always the desired pressure. Therefore input is through a manifold normally you will find there are so many manifolds are fitted at certain distance and which is having filter regulator and lubricator unit that which I have shown it is very popularly known as FRL unit FRL unit. Now we shall look into what should be the standard structure of a pneumatic circuit and that can be realized from the following schematic view as in this figure. Now what we find that this is a pneumatic actuator this is the application end. So we shall call an actuator may be an air motor also. Now next part these two before entering into this actuator we have some control units which is we should call final control element. Now before that there are processing elements what is processing here only as a processing and elements a subtle valve is found, but it may not be subtle valve it may be regulator sorry pressure reducing valve it might be a pressure control valve it might be a flow control valve etcetera and that flow control valve again for general the any special control required for such operation will come here and processing elements may have general some control valves and these are input elements. This means from the manifold we need a regulator or valve these are these elements and finally this is our pneumatic power source. So broadly any circuit any system we can divide into few such element, but if we think of this is the utilization and this is input end that means from pneumatic power source it comes to input element and then processing elements then final control elements and then the actuator or motor etcetera. Now what is this structure which I have discussed. Now what we can do that we can designate this items by two numbers here what we can find two numbers in between that one dot this is two digit number considering a dot. Now let us first one is the x and second one is the y then a x designates working group and y designates type of elements. Now in this table what we find energy supply that is in working group is 0 and designation example y might be 1, 2, 3 depending on different type. So this working group when the first supply we put 0 you can see at the place of x we put 0 and this is 1 may be for general supply then 2 may be another supply. Then working group may be 1, 2, 3 or etcetera anything it can be and one working group per actuator it is then we will come to the actuator. Let us come to the actuator actuator is 1.0 that means working group is 1, 0 is the type of elements. Now here this type of elements 0 may be single acting cylinder or 0 is the type of elements. This is given for say without spring something is there then final control elements say these are 1.1 say these designations that this is for again type of elements and this is for group and here it is given 1. That means what we find except the supply this here we find this is in working group 1 all such components for a typical type of work which is in the group 1. So we have used group 1 and then as such the element say actuator of this type is designated 0 this control elements is 1 then this element as 6 and this is 4 this is 3 this is 2 etcetera. So this is just to give you an idea how these components are designated. Now again what I feel there is not much standardizations about this these are we should call a company standard a company they can designate such components for their machineries what they are manufacturing. Again such this designation is not possible if you buy a machine and in your plant where the general pneumatic system is there and utilizing this components. This is to give an idea and that is how these are components are differentiated. Now we shall come to the basic circuits now this is a operation of a single acting cylinder. Now from looking in this figure you can see this is the you have to recognize such components. So this is the cylinder what type of cylinder it is it is a single acting and what these lines means the strangles this is nothing but a spring. That means in case of single acting you have to think of how it is returning if it is a vertical one then due to self weight it can come down. But normally there is no guarantee that we can use the such a cylinder always in vertical position even if it might be in the downward directions. So looking into this all such single electric cylinders are mostly with a written spring and that spring is just to overcome the friction minimum friction inside. If there is any pressure is trapped this side then this will not return we have to release this here completely and then due to the spring action spring release it will return to its original position. So this is an cylinder and from there this is if you know about the symbols what we find how many ports are there we find the three ports. So that we should call the there is a three way and what it is it is a looking like a button it is really a push button and this are usually manually operated and there what we find there is a spring what does it mean this spring always bring this push button valve to a position what position it is it will remain in this position normally. Now this is a frl unit and this is this indicates that this is from the common source. Now what happens this is a simple pneumatic system circuit consisting of three way and the two position this is called direction control valve. In hydraulics normally we use word DC and both d and c small usually there is no harm you can use capital D and c but in case of pneumatic normally it is called DCV we do not what we should not call DCV valve we call DCV that direction control valve. Now this direction control valve normally remains in this position that means the air from this piston end is going to the atmosphere. Now again what we find that there are two valves it is the name is needle valves basically this is a throttle valve which is controlling needle means there is a small needles and orifice which is controlling the area and this is usually screw type no push button type you can just simply rotate it just to reduce the orifice size and in turns it gives the flow control obviously there will be pressure drop but flow control will be there. Now we can control this flow at the entrance that means entrance means you see when it is coming to this position simply what we can do the whole valve we can push it here that means when the air is entering there is a control of the flow it is possible to control the flow even the we can also control the flow when the air is going out why we need to control the flow why it is going out that show that it does not returns suddenly say it is pushing something but it is also being released very slowly if there is no harm that it can return very fast we do not need this valve at all the three way DC valve may be manual push button most of the case it will find push button type for a single machine you are operating but in a sophisticated machine or you need very quick operations then you can use the auto actuated devices say for example solenoid valve that means here this actuation is through and solenoid. So this is a very simple single acting cylinder operation. Now if you consider the double acting cylinder in that case what we find these are actually there are five ports sometimes we can consider this is a these two are common because both are exhaust but in many cases this there might have two exhaust from a valve. So basically we should call it four way not five way because these two are exhaust how to count how many ways are there this is simply count the port in a single icon in a single block there are five ports so we may call it is a five way valve and how many positions one position and two positions. Now in this case that means this is a simply we can call in terms of hydraulics we call it four way in that case that both sides are actuated by the air flow again this might be push button and this spring and this figure indicates normally it is in this position that means it is a normal condition it is in retracted positions but if you push it this will be in the other side. So double acting operations is similar more or less similar only thing this is through a control valve. Now air pilot control of double acting cylinders the same double acting cylinders and we have the same valve but instead of push button what we find this is actuated by the air and that is called pilot. Operated now this pilot valve is named as V1 and V2 and in this pilot valve what we find this is again 3 by 2 directional control valve but if we think of the pressure this main system is working with one pressure and this system is working with another pressure. So we need to have a different sorry this is pressure regulator valve. That means main source is 100 psi whereas from the main source it is utilizing for this pilot operations there is only we are using 10 psi that is 0.07 megapascals whereas this is 0.7 megapascals. Now the operation as you see V1 and V2 are used as pilot valves to operate 4 by 2 DCV again I have made a mistake DCV valve I could have write it is DCV only pilot valves are usually operated with low pressure 0.07 megapascal whereas main operation needs and operating pressure of 0.7 megapascal. Now we are coming to a cylinder cycle timing systems in many cases we need not only the velocity control but there is some timing is there that means after doing say it is like that at certain portion with one velocity and maybe with another velocity or next operation should start after some times in that case what is done if we first of all look into the system this part is same as it is and then what we find there is a flow control valve needle valve and then there is a direction control valve and which is pilot operated. Now in this operations we find here one push button is there let us see how it is being operated employing a limit valve with a double acting cylinder operated by a pilot operated to by and a timed cycle extend and retracted are achieved. Now when the push button valve V3 is actuated this is actuated momentarily to extend the cylinder during extension. Now this is operated to extend the cylinder that means in normal condition it is like that now when we push this is connected to that then this air is allowed to come over here and this is operated this operation means then the this is being extended the air is going to this side stone head and this is being extended actuated. Now this is our limit valve this valve is before is limit valve during extension the piston rod pushes the cam to activate this limit valve. So when it is extended after so position of this valve or rather to say this cam and this piston is important. So this is an with an proper fittings it is done eventually it actuate the valve V2. So when it is pushes it is pushed then it operates valve V2 to its opposite mode to retract the cylinder that means we are pushing it. So operation some operation is being done but when it touches is automatically it retracts. Now during retraction we can control this as well this means that we if we if we operate this valve V1 then this will return at a control speed. Inclusion of flow control valve V1 improves circuit with flow control and thereby speed control features. Similarly there is we can think of the another circuit which is two step speed control speed control system. In this case what we find that there is also and limit switch is there and this is the cylinder and at this stage we find one subtle valve with two needle valves or throttle valves or so called flow control valve. And here what we find that there is a direction control valve which is pilot operated and this one side is through a push button other side is from a limit switch. A subtle valve this is called subtle valve. Subtle valve means if the air is going from this side it cannot go through this it will go here whereas when the air is coming from this side it can it will go through this it will not come back to this side. This means that this in many cases this operations is depends on the pressure at these two lines. A subtle valve V5 with two different flow control valves V3 and V4 V3 and V4 at two ends is fitted to the cylinder end of a double acting cylinder. Then V3 is adjusted to allow a greater flow rate than valve V4. So V3 is having greater flow rate than V4 that means this has more resistance this has less resistance. On adjustment of valve V1 air flow passes valves V2, V3, V4 and V4. And V5 subtle valves in the extension of cylinder at high speed. Now once the valve V6 is activated by the rod end in extension at high speed the valve V2 shifts because a signal is coming from here pilot and then this shifts and then flow is diverted through V4 through this regulated at low flow rate and then V5 the cylinder continues to extend but at slower speed. That means when it reaches here then this is actuated and after this position this will move at slow speeds. So this means say for example you can have some operations that for some portion you need less force high speed and then more force low speed. So you can this might be position of this with respect to this one possibly you can adjust by adjusting this you can make this operation of the cylinder at two speeds and it might be the half the stroke length it might be this one third full high speed and two third slow speed etcetera etcetera. After full extension the retraction is done operating valve V1 manually. So this means that we just may be this push button if we release it will come back to this positions and then it will be retracted. Now it might be also as I told push button type or we can a lever type that whenever we can fix the position either of this. Now another very important operation this is usually with the pneumatic it can be with the hydraulic also. So this is called two handed safety control system. In this a two handed safety control valve system what we find we have a double acting cylinder here how many ports we have 5 ports and 3 position this is the neutral position. So this we should call 5 by 3 DCV and these are 4 by 2 push button type valve and this is the main supply source. Now for the extension of the cylinder both the push button all also called as pump button. Pump button means these are usually you will find very big size you can simply push it like this or to be pushed that means suppose you are pushing this one this pushing this one means the air is going like this. So this is going here and it is coming over here and it is trying to actuate this one, but this one you have not pushed. So in that case what is happening that this is not activated this is still in this positions. So you will find that this is not being actuated only if you push both then this will be actuated. Intention is to engage two hands of the operator. The motion will be stopped automatically if one hand is moved one or both pump button valves from one or both pump button valves. Again for retraction of the piston both hands to be removed from the valves you can study this valves very carefully then you will find that to operate this one that is for this movement from this side we need to push this one and again for moving in the opposite directions also we need to remove both the hand. Now an example good example is that before that I would like to say this is a 5 by 3 main DCV, V3 continues to be vented if both pump bottom valves are not activated simultaneously. That means in neutral positions this air is being vented. Now thus the cylinder remains locked in this position you will find that the air is coming and this is being vented and it remains locked in this positionally. This indicates that the no passage is allowed in this position, no air is allowed to through this passage when this is in this position. Example is that shear blade operation in a paper or sheet metal cutting press usually if you look into the cutting press the cutter is like that then paper is placed this paper is placed like this and we find that what where is the line for that you will find a separate lever is there usually hand wheels by which you can bring down the shear to this line just to have line. In some cases you will find that there is a the lighting arrangement very thin line is coming on the paper by which you can see that whether you have placed this one properly after that you need to shear it. Now if you you may keep your hand and try to operate this one then your hand will cut this your finger will cut so that this arrangement is that this switches are at the two ends not even at a closed place you cannot push this two by the single pump this two ends you have to push this one you have removed your hand push this one. So, it will come down and it will shear shear the papers and now to release it you have to move both hands. So, it will be released and then it will become in the lock positions. Now control of air motor this is instead of actuator if you use an motor and this one is the silencer usually with the cylinders there may have silencer or the silencer is not that very I would say that very sophisticated, but in case of air motor where the continuous flow is being exhausted you need a good quality of muffler or silencers. So, that is this one and this in this air motor what we find this valve again we find that we have the 4 by 3 DCV is there and then there is one start and one stop push button type 3 by 2 valve is there. Now, in air motor control system the start push button valve V2 is actuated momentarily at first. So, we push this one once we push this one we get this positions that means this path is being connected that means this path is being connected then the air pilot valve V1 shifts and allow air to run this motor. To stop the motor the stop push button valve V3 is actuated momentarily. Then what happens the main DCV air is moved to opposite mode it moves to this mode to cut off air from the motor and in this way the stop push button valve is this running and say it is what we could do that we could have only this valve with some push button actuation by the main from the main source, but using this to switch what we do if we put the start and then we leave it this motor will continue to running ok. In case of using one single valve with a push button we have to keep it pushed and then it will run, but with this system what we do simply like a switch as if a on switch we do it and then motor is running until we move this one this will not be stopped. Sorry there was an additional flow control valve which was being used to control the flow rate that means you can control the speed of the motor by controlling the flow rate. Now this shows a circuit that provides an adjustable disceleration air cushion at both ends. In many cases particularly where the heavy load is there we need a cushioning effect at the end of the cylinders. The cushioning effect is also used in case of hydraulic cylinder in that case the system is like that when the cylinder is reaching towards the end of the stroke then the outlet port through which the oil is going out that port is controlled the area of that port is controlled and there a cushioning effect. In case of air how it is done? Let us see pneumatic systems. The valve v 1 supplies air to the rod end of the cylinder and to the pilot of valve v 5 through the flow control valve v 3. So the valve v 1 supplies air to the rod end side. As well it supplies to the pilot size of this ok piston retracts fast due to free air exhaust from the from this end until v 5 is activated until this one is activated due to increase pressure at its pilot. Then cylinder blank end exhaust is restricted this side is restricted by valve v 7. The resulting pressure build up in the blank ends acts as an air cushion ok. So operation is like that the valve v 1 supplies air to the rod end this side ok and to the pilot size pilot side of this valve v 5 through a flow control valve v 3. Piston retracts fast it is retracting very fast from blank end until the air is activated. V 5 is activated due to the increase pressure this pressure increases due to this restrictions and due to this increase in pressure this when this actuates then v 7 become activated and due to that the air flow will be restricted and there will be cushioning effect. And the similar is achieved when it is moving from the other side also. So I suggest that you should study this valve to understand how this operation is being done. It is it will not be difficult to understand but you have to keep in mind that when it is moving towards the end automatically there is a pressure is being increased to operate this one. Possibly we can adjust this. Now say if you look into the valves these are we have not studied the valves in details. So this is a typical flow control valve and practically this is a throttle type of things. When we rotate this one gradually this passage is decreased that means the annular space is decreased and in that way the pressure flow rate is controlled. Say such applications application of such valve is seen say for example this is an schematic arrangement for the clamping of work space. Say this this is air is flowing and we are not complete if you completely trap suppose if you try to hold something trapping the fluid you will find that after sometimes the pressure is reduced and the clamp is not working. So usually what is done the flow is always there with a pressure drop that means inside the valve the pressure cylinder which is clamping. There is always the pressure with a constant pressure but the flow is maintained that means it is always keeping the this cylinder filled with required volume and the clamping is done in that way. Now this is a two position of the circuit of speed control of a single acting cylinder. This is already we have discussed this is again shown in this form how the two different positions are there and then if you look into such operations we have to always keep in mind as particularly this is a compressible fluid at the beginning and at the ends. This is not neither the constant speed is possible not the full pressure is achieved or in other words this is not the desired pressure. So it might be the actual operating range from here to here say for example we are using this here for some cutting operations or something like that say we are cutting a plastic finishing a plastic sort of things very soft material with the pneumatic not hydraulic in that case say when the tool is moving we need a constant force that operating range to be within this range. So this knowing such pressure and speed characteristics is important for such circuit. In case of hydraulics this zone is very small. Now we have followed these mainly these three books especially we will find because in the figure I have given the reference number mostly we have followed these two books. These books are available in our library also. So if possible you can go through this and I will send you these notes also too. Thank you.